Background: Retained placenta is one of the major causes of primary and secondary post-partum hemorrhage (PPH) and active management of the third stage of labor reduces the risk of PPH. Objective: The aim of this paper was to compare the efficacy of intra-umbilical vein injection of carboprost versus oxytocin by time and success rates of total expulsion of the placenta. Methods: This prospective clinical study with quasi-experimental design 2x2x2(risk factors by medication by doses) was conducted at Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Center of University of Sarajevo in two-year period. Patients were randomized in 4 groups and 8 subgroupsby different medication doses and risk factors. The main outcome variable was expulsion of retained placenta and second outcome variables were: duration of time from intra-umbilical vein administration of drug to expulsion of retained placenta, the number of cases who required blood transfusion and antibiotics, postpartum hemoglobin after 24h. Statistical significance was accepted for p-values < 0.05. Results: The group B2 (UVI oxytocin 20 IU in 20 mL saline, surgical risk factors) and the group D2 (UVI oxytocin 20 IU in 20 mL saline, non-surgical risk factors) had shorter expulsion time (minutes) (Me=5; IQR=4 to 5; Me=5; IQR=4.3 to 6, respectively) compared with other groups (p<0.001). The success rates of total expulsion of the placenta by groups (A,B,C and D) were not statistically significant (70% vs. 82% vs. 72% vs. 78%, respectively; p=0.483). Post-intervention hemoglobin concentrations was statistically significantly greater in the group B(117.3±1.3) vs. the group A (112.1±1.3), (p =0.028). Conclusion: The time for placental expulsion was significantly shorter and postpartum hemoglobin was significantly higher in the intra-umbilical oxytocin groups than in the carboprost groups.


4 Qing Hu, Yafei Li a, , Hongjun Wang, Yi Shen, Chao Zhang, Guijie Du, Ding 5 Tang, Zhukuan Cheng 6 a State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, 7 Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China. 8 b University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. 9 These authors contributed equally to this work 10 Corresponding author: Zhukuan Cheng (email@example.com) 11 12 Short Title: MEICA1 in rice meiosis 13 One-sentence summary: MEICA1 interacts with TOP3α and plays pivotal roles in 14 processing recombination intermediates and limiting meiotic crossover formation during rice 15 meiosis. 16


Acoustic emission was monitored during plastic deformation under dead-weight tensile loading of polycrystalline aluminum, brass, copper, and steel. The acoustic emission data, both threshold-type and frequency-analysis type, were correlated with yield strength, stored elastic energy, strain hardening parameters, loading histories, diffusion processes, slip band motion and mosaic cell size. Major results are presented under the headings discontinuous yielding (Portevin--Le Chatelier Effect), parabolic strain hardening, and frequency analysis. The principal experimental techniques are also summarized. (auth)


Although some authors reported that in some cases of subcondylar fracture of the mandible, spontaneous repositioning were shown by closed therapy and the others advocated intermaxillary elastic traction by the ipsilateral bite-block and continuous lateral percutaneous compression with the aim of active realignment of fragments. However, we could not know the detailed course of this kind of treatment.The authors experienced five cases of the condylar neck fracture with displacement but lineation, and treated by the above remedy. The observation and evaluation was made by use of the radiological examination such as Grant-Lantings projection, P-A projection and Orthopantomography.As a result, some correction of shortened ramal length was shown, but correction of inclination of the condylar fragment was not achieved by these methods. From this experience, the authors concluded that there were limits in these treatments of repositioning of the fragment, and eventually the open operation should be indicated in these cases of the fracture.In this report, some discussions were made concerning the mechanism, complication of the above treatment in the cases of condylar neck fracture displacement without dislocation.


The invention provides a die for thermal forming of a hose and a manufacturing method for the die. The die comprises a tubular main body used for accommodating the hose; the shape of the tubular main body makes the hose subjected to thermal forming have the expected tube shape; and the tube wall of the tubular main body is provided with an open groove extending along the tubular main body, so that the hose can be inserted through the open groove and is kept in the tubular main body. The manufacturing method for the die comprises the following steps of: providing a metal tube; bending the tube, namely bending the metal tube into the tubular main body according to the expected tube shape of the hose after thermal forming; and making a groove, namely making a groove on the tube wall of the tubular main body to obtain the open groove.


The European Green Deal developed by the European Union envisages the achievement of climate neutrality in the EU by 2050. In order to achieve this ambitious goal, it is necessary to build new stations that will produce energy from renewable sources, and it is also necessary to focus on existing stations and look for solutions for their technical and economic development. We should also consider the latest events in the world, which have caused fluctuations in the price of electricity and gas, with a tendency to increase, which has consequently contributed to the increase in the price of CO2, creating an additional financial burden for both producers and consumers. This article evaluates one of the cogeneration stations in Riga, examines the technical solutions that can increase the efficiency and performance of the cogeneration station, what technical and economic benefits result from each proposed method, and a SWOT analysis has been performed for each proposed option.


Soon, Australians will know well in advance of cyclones headed toward them or performing in the vicinity. For the purpose, a new remotely controlled radar was designed and produced by Cossor Radar & Electronics, Ltd., English subsidiary of Raytheon Co. It was built for the Australian Bureau of Meteorology.


The Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET) is a subset of Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET). In this technology moving cars are used as nodes to create a mobile network. Every participating car in VANET is turned into a wireless router or node and is allowed to connect and create a network with other such nodes and the ROAD SIDE UNITS (RSUs) called the Access Points (APs). Message passing through wireless network is the only possible way of communication among these moving nodes. Various clustering algorithms have been suggested by researchers for message passing. In a VANET scenario the timely delivery of useful messages is of as much importance as receiving those messages is. This can be achieved by decreasing the number of messages exchanged in the network. For this a hybrid scheme is suggested, in which the Access Points (AP) are made the Cluster Heads (CHs) which are further connected to routers that store the information regarding the nodes. Making the APs as CHs eliminates the CH selection process which decreases the number of messages passed and hence reducing the interference and delay in message delivery caused by the flooding of unnecessary messages received to a node.


As one of Boston's most militant "black" abolitionists, Ben jamin Roberts surprised no one when he filed a desegregation law suit against the city school committee in 1848. This familiar and important story ultimately set formidable precedents in the struggle for racial equality and in the history of American law. The plaintiff in Roberts v. the Boston School Committee sought admission of his five-year-old daughter, Sarah Roberts, into the city's all-"white" public school system and an end to the grossly inferior facility reserved exclusively for "colored" Americans (as these Bostonians preferred to call themselves). By demanding the integration of all Boston public schools?and six hundred dollars in damages? Roberts's suit began a seven-year battle that led first to stinging defeat and then to unexpected victory. After Massachusetts Chief Justice Lemuel Shaw issued his infamous decision against Roberts that enunciated the doctrine of "separate but equal," the controversy moved into the streets. Demonstra tions, boycotts, and petitions mobilized the state's abolitionist community and antislavery-minded politicians. In 1855, the state legislature finally


The aim of this paper is to preserve the originality of the art form. The recent trends of consumerism, market and selling attitude have made this art a maidservant of the moneyed people. The selling of art and modifying it is not bad but it should not affect the creativity of the people. Due to the contemporary styles the real essence of this folk art is disappearing which in turn is also depleting the values associated with it. A serious thought is urgently required before the traditional creativity and values are drained out to nothing. NGO professionals, researchers, folk artists, and people concerned all should take concrete steps and the appropriate measures to retain this art in its originality because it's a legacy being passed down from generations.


Upscaling of the energy network represents a challenge on the resilience of the electricity network and grid to ensure that there is electricity available to meet demand. Cost-effective maintenance of high power electrical lines are of critical importance and overhead linesmen face several safety concerns during inspection of catenary lines which include working in remote areas, at height and facing adverse weather conditions. Whilst some technological advancements have been made via robotic sensing and in-situ sensing systems, these proposed solutions are inadequate for hazardous weather conditions and still include risks to workers. This article presents preliminary results obtained using a Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) radar sensing employed as an alternative solution for the measurement of sag in high power transmission lines. The results indicate that the FMCW radar sensor can detect multiple overhead lines within a single scan and the relevant overhead line sag. Results when compared against a laser distance meter provide an average accuracy of 95.5%.


Potato is the second largest horticultural crop in Portugal. Seed potato is tubers are one of the most important production factors, due to its economic weight and influence on the development and yield. In this work, was evaluated the effect of 4 tuber sizes, with the 0,80mx0,30m row spacing on the development and growth of the cultivar Agria. The economic performance of each treatment was also evaluated. The average emergence rate, soil cover rate, number of stems, number of tubers and biomass distribution, distribution of tuber sizes and effect of treatments on yield were observed and recorded. The highest yield was reached on the B35-50 and B55+ with around 49t/ha. The treatments B28-45 e B28-35, with less seed-potato cost, had higher economic profit.


Objective: To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of bortezomib with chemotherapy in the treatment of mantle-cell lymphoma and follicular lymphoma. Methods: Randomized controlled clinical trials are conducted. Odd ratios and 95% confidence intervals were applied to pool the effect size. Results: This study identified 3 eligible studies, including 1179 patients with mantle-cell lymphoma or follicular lymphoma. Bortezomib-based chemotherapy treatment was presented to increase the proportion of complete response (OR=1.56, 95%CI=1.20-2.02) in a fixed-effect model, with no heterogeneity among the three studies (I2=0.0%, P=0.883). Odd ratios of overall response (OR=1.61, 95%CI=0.81-3.20) had no statistically significant difference; however, the heterogeneity was significant among the three studies (I2=64.5%, P=0.060). The risk of any adverse events (grade≥3) and peripheral neuropathy (all grades) were estimated by Odd ratios. There was an increasing risk of any adverse events (grade≥3) in the group with bortezomib (OR=3.15, 95%CI=2.26-4.40), with no heterogeneity (I2=0.0%, P=0.594). No significant difference was founded to estimate the risk of peripheral neuropathy (all grades) (OR=4.14, 95%CI=0.43-40.23), and we examined a considerable heterogeneity (I2=92.2%, P=0.000). Conclusion: The chemotherapy protocol with bortezomib is superior to the protocol without bortezomib according to CR. The regimen with bortezomib increases the incidence of any adverse effects (grade≥3) with no statistical difference of peripheral neuropathy (all grades).


Background: For about 20 years we have been observing the development of three-dimensional (3D) printing. The aim of this study was to systematize the current knowledge on the use of 3D printing technology in neu - rosurgery and to attempt an outline the future paths of its development. Material and methods: The analysis was based on English-language literature from 2017-2021 indexed in the Mendeley and Scopus databases. Results: The application of 3D printing in neurosurgery concerns: 1) teaching students, 2) training of residents neurosurgeons, 3) individualized surgery planning, 4) dedicated cranial and spinal implants, 5) the future of 3D printing in neurosurgical implantology. There were 5 main neurosurgery subtopics in which 3D printing was used: "vascular neurosurgery" (31%), "skull, cranial neurosurgery" (22.4%), "neuro-oncology" (19.3%), "spine" (14.3%) and "others" (13%). The number of published articles has been steadily increasing by 11-33% annually. Conclusion: 3D printing has an enormous potential for clinical use and in the we will continue to observe its dynamic development. In neurosurgery 3D prints are currently most commonly used for didactic purposes as detailed anatomical models, for training residents and young surgeons and by specialists for the simulation of complex or innovative surgeries. The future of the use of additive 3D printing in neurosurgery lies in the biologi - cal 3D printing, the creation of artificial organs and the development of biological implants in tissue engineering.


Machine learning (ML) proven to be an emerging technology from small-scale to large-scale industries. One of the important industries is banking, where ML is being adapted all over the world by employing online banking. The online banking is using ML techniques in detecting fraudulent transactions like credit card fraud detection, etc. Hence, in this chapter, a Credit card Fraud Detection (CFD) system is devised using Luhn's algorithm and k-means clustering. Moreover, CFD system is also developed using Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) clustering instead of k-means clustering. Performance of CFD using both clustering techniques is compared using precision, recall and f-measure. The FCM gives better results in comparison to k-means clustering. Further, other evaluation metrics such as fraud catching rate, false alarm rate, balanced classification rate, and Mathews correlation coefficient are also calculated to show how well the CFD system works in the presence of skewed data.


Used the Coro CAM504 ultraviolet imager in laboratory,the UV imaging features of rod-plate gap discharge are quantitatively researched,and the four factors such as temperature,humidity,pressure and wind which could influence the test results of the discharge are analyzed.The results showed that corona discharge intensity of rod-plate gap will increase with the rise of temperature and show a degree of saturation trend,reduce with the rise of humidity or pressure.There is a certain weakening effect on the corona discharge phenomenon of the wind.


Ethylene is currently produced by pyrolysis of ethane in the presence of steam. This reaction requires substantial energy input, and the equilibrium conversion is thermodynamically limited. The reaction also produces significant amounts of greenhouse gases (CO and CO{sub 2}) because of the direct contact between carbon and steam. Argonne has demonstrated a new way to make ethylene via ethane dehydrogenation using a dense hydrogen transport membrane (HTM) to drive the unfavorable equilibrium conversion. Preliminary experiments show that the new approach can produce ethylene yields well above existing pyrolysis technology and also significantly above the thermodynamic equilibrium limit, while completely eliminating the production of greenhouse gases. With Argonne's approach, a disk-type dense ceramic/metal composite (cermet) membrane is used to produce ethylene by dehydrogenation of ethane at 850 C. The gas-transport membrane reactor combines a reversible chemical reaction with selective separation of one product species and leads to increased reactant conversion to the desired product. In an experiment ethane was passed over one side of the HTM membrane and air over the other side. The hydrogen produced by the dehydrogenation of ethane was removed and transported through the HTM to the air side. The air provided the driving force required for themore » transport of hydrogen through the HTM. The reaction between transported hydrogen and oxygen in air can provide the energy needed for the dehydrogenation reaction. At 850 C and 1-atm pressure, equilibrium conversion of ethane normally limits the ethylene yield to 64%, but Argonne has shown that an ethylene yield of 69% with a selectivity of 88% can be obtained under the same conditions. Coking was not a problem in runs extending over several weeks. Further improved HTM materials will lower the temperature required for high conversion at a reasonable residence time, while the lower temperature will suppress unwanted side reactions and prolong membrane life. With the Argonne approach, oxygen does not contact the ethane/ethylene stream, so oxidation products are not formed. Consequently, higher selectivity to ethylene and fewer by-products can be achieved. Some benefits are: (1) Simplifies overall product purification and processing schemes; (2) Results in greater energy efficiency; (3) Completely eliminates greenhouse gases from the reactor section; and (4) Lowers the cost of the 'back end' purification train, which accounts for about 70% of the capital cost of a conventional ethylene production unit.« less


We show that ULK dielectric materials can have a marked asymmetric elastic modulus and coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) that is inherently related to the interaction of terminal chemical groups and is controlled by the material's density and network connectivity. The existence of asymmetric elastic and thermal expansion behavior has fundamental implications for computational approaches to molecular materials modeling and practical implications on the thermomechanical strains and associated elastic stresses. We develop a design space to control the degree of elastic asymmetry in ULK materials and explore the differences in predicted crack driving forces due to the asymmetric modulus, a vital step towards their integration into the semiconductor industry.


This study is based on a process created for the employees at a school for after school activities. The focus of the process was the engagement among the employees and how the employees could benefit from an interdisciplinary cooperation. The study investigates how relations and positions are created through dialogue. The study seeks to answer the following problem statement:
Which influence does the relations and positions of the participants in a dialogue have and how does this influence express itself?


This editorial refers to 'The young patient with asymptomatic atrial fibrillation: what is the evidence to leave the arrhythmia untreated?'[‡][1], by K. Wasmer et al. , on page 1439 and 'Early management of atrial fibrillation to prevent cardiovascular complications'[†][2], by S. Natell et al. , on page 1448

Since the publication of the AFFIRM trial,1 arrhythmology has been wrestling with the dilemma of 'rate vs. rhythm control' of atrial fibrillation (AF), with subtle variations on the theme. I suspect that some of our non-arrhythmologist colleagues may even experience some degree of 'fatigue' when the debate resurfaces. Two review papers now confront the dilemma from apparently different angles, but, in the end, they analyse similar facts and reach similar conclusions. Nattel et al. 2 devote their attention to early rhythm control of AF as a potential strategy to prevent progression and decrease cardiovascular complications. On the other hand, Wasner et al. 3 discuss whether to fight for sinus rhythm in asymptomatic young patients. These reviews share the hypothesis that previous studies advocating rhythm control have failed to demonstrate any definitive benefit over rate control in the AF population, because their trials included patients at a late stage of the disease. They suggest that pursuing sinus rhythm at an early stage of the disease and with better therapeutic tools may improve AF control and decrease morbidity and mortality. The new hypothesis that early treatment would result in better results is plausible, but not yet demonstrated in large …

 [1]: #fn-3
 [2]: #fn-2


The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of diluted detergents namely, Clorox, Dettol and Aganol against Escherichia coli K12 (JM109), at different concentrations. Frequent usage of diluted detergents and disinfectants without knowing their effectiveness in killing microbes can act as a medium for infections in susceptible hosts. Moreover, it is known that the regular application of diluted detergents and disinfectants may actually cause antibiotic resistance. The efficacy of diluted detergents is determined by the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) using tube dilution assay. The susceptibility test is conducted using the disc diffusion technique. Dettol and Clorox exhibited effective bacteriostatic agents where the MIC is 0.75%. The lowest concentration of Dettol and Clorox required to kill E. coli K12 (JM109) or MBC is at the concentration of 3.0% and 5.0%, respectively. Aganol showed less effective bacteriostatic and bactericidal agents, where it required higher MIC of 1.25% and MBC of 10%. The susceptibility test indicated that the Clorox is the most effective antibacterial agent with the minimum inhibition zone of 7 mm at a concentration of 1.75%. Higher concentrations of Dettol and Aganol (of 10% and 20%, respectively) are needed to exhibit the antibacterial activity with the minimum inhibition zone of 7 mm.


The Preboreal is a period that is still relatively poorly known as regards its archeological cultures. At the transition between the Pleistocene and the Holocene there are finds from Northern Germany indicating the presence of the Late Paleolithic Ahrensburg culture with a clear focus on reindeer hunting, but at the same time there are Danish finds reflecting an orientation to elk hunting, with an unclear cultural affiliation. Clear evidence of a material culture characteristic of the Maglemose culture does not appear until the middle part of the Preboreal. Dated finds suggest that reindeer existed throughout the chronozone, contemporary with other game such as horse and elk. Elk is observed through finds of deposits of parts of elk bodies which differ from later ways of treating game animals. These have been interpreted as being linked to ritual activities. A couple of finds of metapodials from Skåne may be a consequence of the same patterns of deposition. Finds of elk antler mattock heads and leister points have also been observed. The former in particular have a special position as characteristic of an early Maglemose culture. The leister points can be followed back to the Late Paleolithic, and it is still uncertain when elk antler mattock heads began to appear.


Numerous studies have confirmed the initial 1980 finding of Feldstein and Horioka of a high positive correlation between saving and investment, a result that is difficult to reconcile with the increasing integration of financial markets. This current study re-examines the correlation between saving and investment with a panel data approach. The empirical analysis concerns 19 OECD countries over the period 1970–1998. Stability tests have led to the identification three periods: 1970–1980, 19817ndash;1990 and 1991–1998 and estimated results show that, when a country-specific effect is introduced, there is no correlation between private saving and national investment and that there is high correlation between public saving and investment.


Weak localization has a strong influence on both the normal and superconducting properties of metals. In particular, since weak localization leads to the decoupling of electrons and phonons, the temperature dependence of resistance decreases with increasing disorder, as manifested by Mooij's empirical rule. In addition, Testardi's universal correlation of Tc and the resistance ratio follows. We show that weak localization leads to the similar correction to other physical quantities, such as electronic thermal resistivity, electronic heat capacity, and ultrasonic attenuation, which are controlled by the electron-phonon interaction.


A resin composition for an optical lens having a high light resistance and light transmissivity, and an optical lens using the same are provided to be used in various optical lens including a glass lens by having a high light transmissivity and other material characteristics. A resin composition for an optical lens having a high light resistance includes a cycloaliphatic polythiol compound of having an ester expressed as an equation 1 and a cycloaliphatic polyisocyanate compound expressed as an equation 2. The resin composition for the optical lens is acquired by performing a reaction between a cycloaliphatic polythiol compound of having an ester and a cycloaliphatic polyisocyanate compound. The equation 1 is expressed as [HX-(CH2)n-OC-O-CH2]m - C - [CH2-O-CO-(CH2)n-XH]4-m, wherein X=0, S, n=1-6, m=0-4. The equation 2 is expressed as (X)n-[NCO]m, wherein X=CH2; n=1-8, m=2-3, R=C6H12.


Hydrocarbons in the atmosphere undergo oxidation that can lead to the formation of semi-volatile products. These products undergo gas-to-particle conversion to form secondary organic aerosol (SOA). Reaction chambers provide a controlled environment which gas-to-particle conversion is investigated. First, an extensive investigation into the aerosol forming potential of 14 biogenic hydrocarbons is reported.

Traditionally, chamber experiments have been performed at relative humidity levels such that the aerosol investigated is water-free. However, atmospheric conditions are typically such that ambient aerosol contains water. A new facility to improve measurement of SOA formation under humid conditions is described. A comprehensive study on how the presence of water affects gas-to-particle partitioning in the alpha-pinene ozonolysis and m-xylene and mesitylene photooxidation systems is reported.

The diurnal trends in the hygroscopic nature of Pasadena, CA, aerosol is reported for late summer, 1999. Presented are additional investigations into the identification of products resulting from ozonolysis of alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, sabinene, Delta^3-carene, and cyclohexene. A field campaign to identify similar monoterpene oxidation products in a forest environment is presented. Finally, an estimate of the global aerosol burden from biogenic hydrocarbons is provided.


Wireless networks are incorporating higher frequency bands and higher bandwidths by exploiting MIMO technology with large arrays. These large arrays and bandwidths enable high resolution estimates of the angles and delays associated to the different multipath components of the MIMO channel. Given the sparse nature of the millimeter wave (mmWave) channel, sparse recovery algorithms can extract the path parameters with reasonable accuracy. Moreover, channel sparsity also facilitates the association of these multipath components to the geometry of the environment, providing sufficient information to determine the user position. In this paper, we address the problem of designing the set of training precoders and combiners that, while providing a high accuracy channel and position estimate, also result in a reduced training overhead with respect to standardized beam training strategies. As performance metric, we consider the mutual coherence between the training hybrid precoders/combiners and the overcomplete dictionary used to represent the channel. The proposed scheme significantly reduces overhead and outperforms previous designs in terms of the accuracy of the channel estimate, which results in a higher localization accuracy and a higher spectral efficiency.


1 Rare earth element contents of the Kaman fluorites were first examined in the present study. Rare earth element contents of the Baymdir, sahocah and Ali ar villages were separately evaluated and compared with each other. Moreover, the correlation between rare earth elements and F is also examined. A number of 23 ore samples collected from the field were analyzed with ICP-MS at Acme Laboratories in Canada.


This paper is aimed at explaining the rationale of the motion compensation strategy that must be applied during the SAR processing to compensate for trajectory displacements, and discussing the integration of motion compensation within high precision Scaled-FT based SAR processing algorithms. Experimental results carried out on simulated and real data are presented to validate the whole analysis and the proposed procedure.


Advanced technologies are transforming the information environment and allowing individuals and groups unprecedented opportunities to share ideas, actions, emotions, conflicts, and activities. While this enables social groups to expand their membership in the global online community, it also allows scientists to use the social media environment as a real-world laboratory to study emerging behaviors in this space. For military analysts, this environmental laboratory provides an opportunity to study communities in advance of deployments to foreign soil. In the same way that military logisticians would study physical terrain to plan for equipment, analysts can observe activities in the information environment to plan for negotiations in the social terrain. This presentation will discuss key concepts for modeling the social terrain and will identify promising AI techniques for each. Key concepts will include Human, Information, Interpretation, and Influence considerations. AI technologies will be discussed for each of the following social terrain considerations: Human, Information, Interpretation, and Influence. Together, these elements form the underpinning science of sensemaking within the new information environment. The Human Systems Community of Interest (HS COI) within the US Department of Defense (US DOD) is exploring how to jointly establish effective capabilities in this sphere for rapid exploitation at the tactical operational levels. This paper will address the priorities and future needs of this Joint research effort and will explore technical challenges that face the transition of research results to system-level applications.


Smaller form factor, thermal/electrical efficiency and low-cost manufacturing are characteristics of the wafer level chip scale package (WLCSP) which had been widely used by market demand especially in handheld and portable applications in past several years. However, the challenge of board level reliability tests such as drop test, thermal cycling loading test to limit package size for higher I/O density application. Fan-out (FO) technique is developed to broaden the package area and to accommodate an increasing I/O density. The molding dies into an architectural wafer with epoxy molding compound (EMC) by re-constitution (Recon) process. In this study, three-dimensional computational aWLP (advanced wafer level package) model was developed for analyze solder joint reliability during TCoB (thermal cycles on board) testing. Structural factors of thickness of package and dielectric, size of die and package were selected to evaluate correlation with solder joint reliability. The result predicted by finite-element model (FEM) indicated that the lower package flexural rigidity (thinner package), smaller die size, stress buffer enhancement (thicker dielectric thickness), and larger package size would be enhance solder thermal cycling reliability. Examining the effect of each control factor, we notice that the ratio of die size over package size is the most important control factor.


The control problem of dissipative distributed parameter systems described by semilinear parabolic partial differential equations with unknown parameters and its application to transport-reaction chemical processes is considered. The infinite dimensional modal representation of such systems can be partitioned into finite dimensional slow and infinite dimensional fast and stable subsystems. A combination of a model order reduction approach and a Lyapunov-based adaptive control technique is used to address the control issues in the presence of unknown parameters of the system. Galerkin's method is used to reduce the infinite dimensional description of the system; we apply adaptive proper orthogonal decomposition (APOD) to initiate and recursively revise the set of empirical basis functions needed in Galerkin's method to construct switching reduced order models. The effectiveness of the proposed APOD-based adaptive control approach is successfully illustrated on temperature regulation in a catalytic chemical reactor in the presence of unknown transport and reaction parameters. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 2497–2507, 2015


 Abstract This paper examines the incidence and consequences of financialization in the industrialized countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Using the latest panel data from the OECD and the ILO, the paper first documents the extent of financialization in OECD countries and then analyzes the relationships between financialization and three other variables: inequality, growth and unemployment. There is strong empirical evidence for considerable financialization across the OECD, with significant and negative impacts on all three variables.


ABSTRACT A cascading sequence of two full-scale REFLUX™ Classifiers was tested using 1.0 mm top size coal. The gravity separation in the first stage gave a clean coal product down to about 0.03 mm. The second stage then deslimed this product with minimal coal loss. At volumetric feed rates up to roughly 100 m3/h (~ 50 t/h solids), 30–50 wt.% ash feeds were reliably cleaned to give product ash values less than 10 wt.% at overall combustible recoveries of 60–80 %. At higher feed rates up to 240 m3/h (~ 100 t/h solids), product ash values were in the range 8–13 wt.% at 43–67% combustible recovery. One run processed 150 m3/h of a very problematic high-slimes feed with 35 wt.% -0.038 mm slimes and 52 wt.% head ash, giving a 14 wt.% ash product at 56% combustible recovery. The deslime unit size partition Ep values increased exponentially with overflow rate, but remained less than 0.05 mm for overflow rates up to 100 m3/h. The cut point size increased with the deslime unit overflow flux. When the effects of cut point density and hindered settling were accounted for, there was good agreement with previous laboratory and pilot-scale test work.


Background: Titanium elastic nailing has emerged as a treatment of choice for stabilization of paediatric diaphyseal femoral fractures. Materials and Methods: Between 2007 and 2012, we treated 18 fractures of the femur using closed titanium elastic nailing (TEN),in pediatric patients. This study was done as a retrospective study on 18 cases of fracture of the femoral diaphysis, operated between 2007 and 2010. An assessment of the available postoperative radiographs revealed 88.8% (16 of 18) of the fractures had nails, which formed a divergent C configuration; cortical contact by both nails was visible in 77.7% (14 of 18) and the nails crossed above and below the fracture site in 83.3% (15 of 18). Results: The final outcome was adjudged as excellent when there was anatomical or near anatomical alignment with no postoperative problems in 61.1% (11 of 18) of the patients, satisfactory when there was acceptable alignment and leg length, with resolution of postoperative problems in 22.2% (4 of 18) of the cases, and poor in the presence of unacceptable alignment or leg length, with unresolved postoperative problems in 16.6% (3 of 18) of the cases. Minor or major complications occurred in seven patients. Poor outcomes were due to limb length discrepancy> 2 cm in one1 patient (5.5%), rotational deformity in one patient (5.5%), and varus malunion in one patient (5.5%). Conclusion: We recommend TEN in pediatric patients.


The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of repeated readings on the oral reading fluency of third grade students. This study utilized a quasi-experimental design that included a pretest and treatment, followed by a posttest. The 19 participants in this study attended an urban public school in Maryland during the 2016-2017 school year. This study hypothesized that gains in fluency, as reflected in changes in the Dynamic Indicators of Basic Literacy Skills (DIBELS) Oral Reading Fluency (ORF) Correct Words Per Minute (CWPM) score from the middle (MOY) to the end of the year (EOY) would not differ significantly between students who completed repeated readings over a five-week intervention period and those who did not participate in the repeated readings intervention. The results of this study confirmed that there was not a statistically significant difference between the control and treatment groups' gains in WPM read correctly. This implied that the brief strategy of repeated reading instruction did not improve oral reading fluency of third grade students who demonstrated a wide range of reading abilities. Observations made during the intervention and students' feelings about reading are discussed in relation to this finding and the literature review.


Recent studies related to assessing functional connectivity (FC) in resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging have revealed that the resulting connectivity patterns exhibit considerable fluctuations (dynamic FC [dFC]). A widely applied method for quantifying dFC is the sliding window technique. According to this method, the data are divided into segments with the same length (window size) and a correlation metric is employed to assess the connectivity within these segments, whereby the window size is often empirically chosen.


Encryption is a process of converting a one form of information in another form which is hard to understand .Now a days, a large amount of informati on get transfer with wired or wireless network. Inf ormation contents may be textual data or image data. Therefo re encryption of text or image is most important du ring secure transmission of information. Images are widely used in several processes like military field, medical imaging, video conferencing where confidentiality about image info rmation is very important. As we know, pixels in pl ain image are strongly correlated. Image information get perc eive due to this high correlation. Most of availabl e image encryption algorithms are used for encryption of pi xel information only but key secured block based tr ansformation technique change the position of pixels and provide low correlation among image pixels so that less am ount of information get perceived . The block transformati on algorithm divides the image in to no. of blocks and shuffles their position of blocks to decrease the Correlatio n and increase its entropy value. Divide an image i n more no. of blocks gives the more security of image. Transforma tion table will decide new positions of blocks. The aim of Key secured block transformation is to enhance the sec urity of an image. Here, key provide a security for transformation table .Different keys generated for different types of image so ,if input image data changed automatic ally key will also get change. Here key is used for two purposes, one for to build transformation table and second t o encrypt image data. So as key changed, transformation table will also get change and image get transformed wit h this new transformation table. Block Transformed image is th en passed for encryption process. Here we used Blowfish image encryption algorithm because of variable and longes t key size. At the receiver side these blocks are r etransformed in to their original position and performed a decrypti on process which gives the original image.


however, this technology may play an important role in allowing correction of misregistration due to patient motion or breathing artifacts, which may also arise from integrated SPECT/CT. Besides anatomic referencing, the added value of CT coregistration is also based on the attenuation correction capabilities of CT. Cardiac imaging poses a particular problem in attenuation correction because of respiratory and cardiac motion in the thorax. Individual CT-based attenuation correction of brain studies using SPECT may also lead to improved image quality and more accurate data evaluation. Furthermore, radionuclide treatment planning using attenuation correction of imaging data and assessment of organ or target volumes derived from simultaneously performed CT may be more accurate and potentially allows safe and effective therapy. A similar discussion on the need for integrated hybrid scanners has already been raised after the introduction of hybrid PET/CT systems to clinical medicine. As indicated for PET/CT, image fusion is faster, more reliable, and more accurate using an integrated scanner than using separately performed imaging modalities (4). In addition to these technical issues, hybrid image acquisition of both modalities in a single clinical visit (1stop) offers apparent logistic advantages and is obviously more comfortable for the patient. PET/CT scanners represent the imaging modality with the most rapid growth worldwide and play an increasing role in routine patient care, especially in oncologic applications. Yet, there is a lack of evidence that the same holds true for hybrid SPECT/CT systems. CT coregistration, however, has been recognized to result in higher specificity and sensitivity of scintigraphic imaging and to markedly reduce the number of indeterminate findings. The superiority of SPECT/CT over planar scintigrams or SPECT has been clearly demonstrated for imaging skeletal diseases, parathyroid adenomas, and neuroendocrine cancers and for mapping sentinel lymph nodes in various cancers (1). Studies demonstrating superiority in other clinical applications are lacking; however, pilot studies encourage the use of SPECT/CT in cardiac and neurologic imaging. Regarding the growing number of studies demonstrating an added value of hybrid SPECT/CT over separately performed imaging modalities (1), it appears likely that this promising technique will gain an important role in clinical routine practice. The broad spectrum of existing SPECT tracers and their widespread availability suggests SPECT/CT as a complementary imaging modality to PET/CT procedures. In summary, we agree with Knoll and colleagues that advanced software-based coregistration procedures do have a legitimate relevance for image fusion, particularly if no hybrid technology is available. However, we believe that hardware-based hybrid acquisition offers several apparent advantages regarding accuracy, reliability, logistics, and comfort for the patient, which cannot be easily outweighed by software-based image fusion approaches.


Connecticut, like only 15 other states, lacks any laws that would disqualify corrupt politicians from holding office beyond the expiration of their criminal sentences. So, while Joe Ganim cannot walk into a local sports outfitter and purchase a firearm, he is entirely within his rights to serve as mayor of the largest city in Connecticut.This Note argues, in part, that public office should be treated — like a firearm — as a potentially dangerous instrument. Once a person uses public office to effect harm, state law should bar their future possession of the criminal instrument in the same way that persons convicted of gun-violence offenses — or, for that matter, any felony at all — are barred from possessing the instrument of their crime. Each instrument inflicts injury. Those injuries are decidedly different, but the harm suffered by cities and states stigmatized by public corruption should be prevented in the same way states seek to prevent physical violence inflicted by firearms: by prohibiting those who have used office for illicit purposes from possessing it in the future.This is not to say gun violence and political corruption pose equivalent dangers. They certainly do not. The limitation on eligibility for office proposed in this Note reflects that: only that small class of persons previously convicted of a public corruption offense while in office should be prohibited from again holding office. Compare this with the approach to felon-in-possession limitations on firearms — a more substantial risk is accordingly addressed more broadly. One need not commit an offense involving a gun or even physical violence in order to lose their Second Amendment right to bear arms. Under the approach advocated by this Note, one would only lose their ability to hold office upon conviction of exactly those offenses the prohibition aims to prevent. The basic point being that if we are convinced a person can no longer be trusted with a gun by virtue of a felony conviction entirely unrelated to the use of a firearm, why do we not exercise such caution with respect to the indispensable instrument of the corrupt politician's offense: public office?Some states do. Twenty-five provide for candidate disenfranchisement in cases of public corruption offenses. In the last decade, three states — California, Michigan, and Tennessee — created laws barring corrupt politicians from holding office in response to circumstances similar to those in Connecticut following the Ganim conviction and that of former Governor John Rowland. Additionally, among the sixteen states that do not disqualify politicians convicted of crimes related to their office, thirteen of them do disqualify impeached officials from again holding office — a loophole in these states' office-eligibility frameworks that explains why ex-Governor Rowland, now twice-convicted of offenses related either to corruption of office or the electoral system, will nonetheless be eligible to hold office upon the conclusion of his current sentence.This Note takes the position that Connecticut should join the plurality of states in enacting legislation or amending its Constitution so as to disqualify persons convicted of public-corruption offenses from holding office. This Note is not concerned with voter disenfranchisement of such persons, though the construction of this and many states' candidate-eligibility laws necessitates some discussion of their various approaches to that disqualification as well. Additionally, this Note does not take the position that all felons ought to lose their privilege to hold office. Rather, the best approach is the particularized one. This approach would require that corrupt politicians serve their time and any attendant period of parole and/or probation, that the state return such persons' voting rights to them thereafter but permanently bar them from holding office. Fool me once, more or less.


An artificially intelligent computer program can now diagnose skin cancer more accurately than a board-certified dermatologist.1 Better yet, the program can do it faster and more efficiently, requiring a training data set rather than a decade of expensive and labor-intensive medical education. While it might appear that it is only a matter of time before physicians are rendered obsolete by this type of technology, a closer look at the role this technology can play in the delivery of health care is warranted to appreciate its current strengths, limitations, and ethical complexities.


The objective of this study is to develop a new family of aluminum alloys with superior stress corrosion cracking resistance (SCCR) and mechanical properties. This approach uses experimentally obtained stress corrosion resistance, tensile strength, and yield strength data from the literature and then performs hybrid multiobjective evolutionary optimization combined with multidimensional response surfaces. This software has the proven capability to deal with various alloy design applications using minimal amount of experimental data. The selected objectives in this study are superior stress corrosion resistance, tensile strength, and yield strength. The design variables are concentrations of alloying elements and the individual alloy tempers as they are important parameters that directly affect macroscopic properties and microscopic details of the alloy such as grains, phases, precipitates, etc. The computational trials yield optimal alloys' chemical compositions and standard thermal treatment protocols for the best combination of superior stress corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. Single-objective optimization results confirm the known experimental observations that dilute Al alloys yield the best corrosion resistance at the expense of tensile strength. Optimizations with two simultaneous objectives and more alloying elements create better trade-off solutions. Quality and number of initially available experimentally evaluated alloys have decisive effects on accuracy of this alloy design method.


Fewer than one in four Canadian doctors use electronic medical record (EMR) systems, although almost all have some form of computer for scheduling and billing purposes. As a result, patient clinical records are mostly on paper, and are scattered and often inaccessible in doctors' offices, clinics, test centres, labs, and hospitals. To properly care for their patients, primary care practitioners must have access to all their relevant medical records. If these are in digital form, they can be stored and readily accessed on EMR systems. If they are not, there are often significant delays, duplication of effort, and even inaccuracy in diagnosing problems. Insufficient adoption of EMR systems is a highly complex problem that has not been addressed adequately in a comprehensive manner. There are many interdependent factors that influence adoption and these must be considered simultaneously. The objective of this proposed research is to develop and validate statistically a comprehensive theoretical model of EMR adoption through a national survey of users, to attempt to explain why medical practices in Canada have tended to be slow in adopting electronic medical records and related systems. This paper describes that model and its basis, including the methodology that will be used to analyze the data.


Francis B. Nyamnjoh is a Cameroonian author of scholarly texts as well as works of fiction. His major scholarly works include: Africa's Media, Democracy and the Politics of Belonging (2005), Insiders and Outsiders: Citizenship and Xenophobia in Contemporary Southern Africa (2006), "C'est l'homme qui fait l'homme": Cul-de-Sac Ubuntu-ism in Côte d'Ivoire (2015); Rhodes Must Fall: Nibbling at Resilient Colonialism in South Africa (2016), and Drinking from the Cosmic Gourd: How Amos Tutuola Can Change Our Minds (2017). His fictional oeuvre includes the novels Mind Searching (1991), The Disillusioned African (1995), A Nose for Money (2003), Souls Forgotten (2008), The Travail of Dieudonné (2008), Married But Available (2009), Intimate Strangers (2010), and Homeless Waters (2011). In all of these works, Nyamnjoh encourages a rigorous rethinking of socio-economic, cultural, and political institutions in postcolonial Africa. Recently, he has been excavating the Nigerian writer Amos Tutuola's stories to demonstrate that they illustrate the importance of incompleteness and of conviviality by challenging superiority syndromes and zero-sum games of potency and dominance. Talking about his most recent work, Drinking from the Cosmic Gourd, during his Archie Mafeje Lecture in March 2017, Nyamnjoh affirmed that incompleteness is both exciting and inspiring at personal, collective, and political levels. He suggested that "incompleteness harbors emancipatory ideals" and then concluded that "Africa is incomplete without the rest of the world, and the world is incomplete without Africa." Incompleteness is thus a major theme in most of his fictional works, where he often portrays a contemporary Cameroon whose rich variety of ethnic and cultural identities is complicated by the cultural impact of French and British colonialisms. In his novels, Nyamnjoh affirms that official history is incomplete without unofficial history and vice versa. Nyamnjoh's 2008 novel The Travail of Dieudonné (TTOD hereafter), in particular, thematizes incompleteness by challenging orthodox history's stereotypes of unorthodox history as misrepresentative, and presents the complexities


In the diversity development of the world today,China wants to enhance the soft power and to shape the international image of countries in order to gain greater international competitiveness.And in the background of China to increase its whole soft power,Chinese martial arts not only play a positive role in promoting communication for the excellent traditional culture of China,but also open up an important way for foreign countries to understand China's traditional culture through their own unique cultural identity.At the same time,Chinese martial arts have provided "national concept,the national spirit,and national self-confidence" to national soft power.


As part of its grazing management programme, the Dairy Branch of the Tasmanian Department of Primary Industry has successfully implemented a project of privately owned demonstration farms termed Focus Farms. The Focus Farms are an extension of the Elliott Dairy Research establishment and are fundamental in overcoming the isolation from research experienced by many farmers. Additionally, the farms are invaluable in the training of newly appointed extension staff and the maintenance of practicality for more experienced staff,


This paper put forward a solution for fixed-wing UAV formation control and obstacles avoidance based on an improved artificial potential field method (APF) and leader-follower structure. First, simplified model of fixed-wing UAV with kinematic constraints is introduced. Subsequently an improved APF considering the kinematic constraints and formation configuration is proposed. Then, a formation transformation method based on improved APF is put forward to increase the flexibility and reliability of formation to avoid obstacles in environment, which means the feedback of obstacle information to formation controller. Finally, simulations of UAV formation, tracking the desired trajectory and obstacle avoidance is presented and the results verify the effectiveness of the improved APF method.


Structure of microcrustaceans assemblage (Cladocera and Copepoda) from Neotropical semiarid reservoir, Barragem de Pedra, Bahia State, Brazil. In the semiarid region, the reservoirs perform important role for the regional development, which results in the increase of the anthropogenic pressure, causing changes in the water quality. The knowledge of the zooplankton supplies basic information about the pelagic trophic structure. The objective of this study was to characterize the plankton microcrustaceans assemblage (Copepoda and Cladocera) in the Barragem de Pedra Reservoir in two distinct periods (rainy and dry/2003). The samplings were carried out in four station of the reservoir, using plankton net (70 µm of mesh), by vertical hauls from the bottom until the surface. A total of 12 species of microcrustaceans were identified. The dominant species were Notodiaptomus iheringi and Daphnia gessneri. Adult density ranged from 4303 to 7423 ind. m -3 in January and from 669 to 7272 ind. m -3 in July. Shannon


Abstract The consumption of fish and shellfish is a major route of human exposure to arsenic (As), because they contain relatively large concentrations of organoarsenicals, in particular arsenobetaine (AB). AB is considered non-toxic because of its rapid excretion from the human body. However, previous studies on human metabolism and excretion of AB have used the compound in solution rather than considering the effects that occur during the digestion of food in the gastrointestinal tract. In this preliminary study, we used microcosms inoculated with human faecal matter to investigate the aerobic and anaerobic degradation of AB by microorganisms associated with the large intestine. Samples were recovered over 30 days, centrifuged, filtered and the supernatant analysed for total As content and As speciation, using ICP–MS and HPLC–ICP–MS respectively. After 7 days the total As in the supernatants from the aerobic experiment fell to a minimum of 65% of the total added, recovering to 15% less than added after 30 days. By using anion and cation exchange chromatography coupled to ICP–MS detection, arsenobetaine (AB), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), dimethylarsinoylacetic acid (DMAA) and trimethylarsine oxide (TMAO) were identified as degradation products. Results from the aerobic system showed that after 7 days incubation the AB had been degraded to DMA, DMAA and TMAO and after 30 days the degraded AB reappeared in the samples. The results for the anaerobic system showed no degradation of AB over the 30 day course of the experiment. These findings demonstrate for the first time that biocatalytic capability for AB degradation exists within the human gastrointestinal tract.


The antidumping laws are structurally protectionist. There is no way to construct an antidumping law that is not protectionist. Basically, antidumping laws protect domestic producers at the expense of the general public. They provide a legal means of destroying the property of foreign competitors and making them less able to compete in domestic markets. There are a number of ethical questions that need to be explored in this area. Yet an extensive review of the ethical, economic and legal literature failed to find a single article (with one exception) that addressed these ethical issues. The present paper aims to correct this deficiency in the literature. The paper concludes that an attorney who helps a client initiate an antidumping action is always engaging in unethical conduct.


The Influence of Client General Anxiety and Attachment Anxiety on Alliance Development in Couple Therapy Erica Leigh Delgado School of Family Life, BYU Master of Science This study examined the intake levels of client general anxiety and attachment anxiety and the relationship of these levels to changes in therapy alliance across the first four couple therapy sessions. Participants were 165 couples in a treatment-as-usual setting. Dyadic growth curve modeling was used to determine whether couple ratings of therapeutic alliance changed over time and explored the influence of general anxiety and attachment anxiety on therapeutic alliance development. Results showed that the alliance increased over the first four therapy sessions. Additionally, female alliance ratings across time were positively associated with female general anxiety and negatively associated with male attachment anxiety. Results also showed that male attachment anxiety was negatively associated with male alliance ratings across time.


Human β-defensin-3 (HβD-3) is the most interesting member of the antimicrobial peptide family. It has abroad spectrum of antimicrobial peptide activity against bacterial, fungal and some viral infections. HβD-3 gene expression was detected in about 60 specimens from 15 patients before and after chemotherapy for each neutrophil and epithelial cell used for the study of HβD3 gene expression. Control samples were 5 patients without chemotherapy suffering from different diseases such as oropharyngitis, tonsillitis, esophagitis and other inflammations. Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) was the most prevalent among patients with leukemia. HβD-3 expression in epithelial cell (buccal mucosa) and neutrophils before chemotherapy and after chemotherapy (induction phase) was determined.


The Qatari Government has launched free wireless internet parks (iPark) concept with a view of providing free internet access for all citizens while enjoying the outdoors. By offering free wireless internet access, the Qatari Government encourages its citizen's to actively participate in the global information society with a view of bridging the digital divide. The adoption and diffusion of iPark services will depend on user acceptance and availability of wireless technology. This research presents the results of a survey undertaken in three public parks in Doha, the capital of Qatar to examine citizens' acceptance of the iPark initiative. The results of the survey showed that there is a positive level of relation between the independent variables, usefulness, ease of use, internet safety and internet speed/response time and one dependent variable, intention to use the iPark in Qatar. The paper provides a discussion on the key findings, research implications, limitations and future directions for the iPark initiative in Qatar.


Edaphic diatoms were collected from 5 representative habitats of Canary Creek salt marsh, Lewes, Delaware, from 24 July 1969 to 21 July 1970. Of the 104 taxa encountered, 32 had a general distribution on the marsh and 41 were endemic to one of the 5 habitats sampled. Three of the habitats supported stands of grasses: tall Spartina alterniflora Loisel., dwarf S. alterniflora, and Distichlis spicata (L.) Greene; and these habitats possessed the highest species diversity (H') and the greatest number of diatom species. The remaining 2 habitats, a bare bank and a panne, were devoid of macroscopic vegetation. The diatoms of these last 2 habitats were exposed to hypersaline conditions during warmer periods of the year and this was considered a contributing factor to the lower values observed for the aforementioned parameters of community structure. A comprehensive examination of the community structure characterizing the 5 habitats, employing statistical analyses and the distribution of species, showed each habitat to support its own unique and easily recognizable edaphic diatom community. A multiple regression analysis indicated that the differences between the 5 communities were closely related to differences in temperature and elevation between the habitats, and also a result of significant interactions between edaphic diatoms and filamentous algae.


Aerodynamic roughness (AR) is an important parameter affecting land-atmosphere interactions. Previous studies on inversions based on bidirectional reflectance distribution functions (BRDFs) have focused on spatial analysis over desert and gobi, which are vegetation-free areas, due to the lack of wind gradient data for continuous time periods over vegetated surfaces. This study uses meteorological gradient data from a new long-term site that is supported by the Heihe Watershed Allied Telemetry Experimental Research project and is located in an irrigated farmland area in the Heihe River Basin of northwestern China. These data are used to calculate a field AR time series over maize using an iterative computation method based on Monin-Obukhov similarity theory. A linear relationship is demonstrated between the field AR and the BRDF parameters derived from multiband Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer data. The correlation analysis for the near-infrared and shortwave bands reveals R2 values of 0.8739 and 0.8833, respectively; however, R2 is only 0.0146 for the visible band. Various band combinations do not improve the outcome. Thus, the near-infrared and shortwave parameters have the potential to be used to infer AR and its related evapotranspiration at more extensive temporal and spatial scales.


The global health field will miss key learning opportunities if it continues to make a false distinction between research of relevance to lowand middle-income countries and research of relevance to high-income countries.


Grain growth and phase stability of nanocrystalline ceria are investigated under ion irradiation at different temperatures. Irradiations at temperatures of 300 and 400 K result in uniform grain growth throughout the film. Anomalous grain growth is observed in thin films of nanocrystalline ceria under 3 MeV Au+ irradiation at 160 K. At this low temperature, significant grain growth is observed within 100 nm from the surface, no obvious growth is detected in the rest of the films. While the grain growth is attributed to a defect-stimulated mechanism at room temperature and above, a defect diffusion-limited mechanism is significant at low temperature with the primary defect responsible being the oxygen vacancy. The nanocrystalline grains remain in the cubic phase regardless of defect kinetics.


Many older adults across all settings are on antipsychotic medications; all too frequently for long periods of time. There are very few studies about the long-term effects of these medications, especially when used in those with declining physiological ability to metabolize medications. This paper looks at the three most commonly prescribed classes of antipsychotic medications used in older adults. A second purpose is to increase knowledge and potential strategies home health nurses can use to help their patients.


Sugarcane bagasse is a typical waste generated in the production of sugarcane and ethanol. This agro-industrial waste is commonly used as fuel in the industry boiler for the steam and energy generation. However, part of the bagasse waste is disposed and may pollute the environment. The fibers extracted from the sugarcane bagasse have been considered as addition to polymeric composites. In the present work epoxy composites incorporated with 30% in volume of continuous sugarcane bagasse fibers were evaluated in terms of their mechanical properties. As compared to the neat epoxy, the bagasse fiber displayed an increase in elastic modulus but a decrease in strength and ductility. The analysis of the composite microstructure by scanning electron microscopy revealed flaws and pores that could justify these preliminary obtained results.


Near‐infrared emission has been observed in a chemically generated singlet oxygen system. Spectrum peaks observed at 1090, 1275, and 1550 nm appear to correspond to O2(1Δ)O2(3Σ) dimer transitions to ground state accompanied by vibrational changes. The experimental result suggests that the previously observed visible emission which accompanies the present infrared emission is also due to an excited oxygen dimer. The possibility of lasing at the infrared wavelengths is discussed.


Depend on advanced science technology and new idea of administration in Wangzhu Coal Mine of Luan Mining Industry Group, the concrete steps of intensive production and enlightement are introduced.


The effects of processing and compositional variations on the tribological performance of PM212 were investigated. PM212 is a self-lubricating powder metallurgy composite, comprised of a wear-resistant metal bonded chromium carbide matrix, containing the solid lubricants barium fluoride/calcium fluoride eutectic and silver. Several composites were formulated which had lubricant, matrix, and processing variations. Processing variations included sintering and hot isostatic pressing. Pins fabricated from the composites were slid against superalloy disks in a pinon-disk tribometer to study the tribological properties. Several composites exhibited low friction and wear in sliding against a nickel-based superalloy. The good tribological performance by several different composites showed that the composition of PM212 can be altered without dramatically affecting performance.


The Arab spring of 2011, the Indian Civil Society campaign for Lokpal 2012, and the ongoing campaign for capital punishment to the Delhi gang rape accused, are among a thousands of events, worldwide, which have demonstrated the power of new media in galvanising the masses for a cause. The advent of high speed communication channels like broadband, optical fiber, and Web 2.0 services coupled with the ubiquitous multitasking devices like smart phones and other handhelds available in multitudes of forms have tremendously increased the scale of messages output and sharing. The pull of modern technology, push of business, and most importantly the search for new ways to satisfy the self expression needs and ambitions of the new generation have made the domain of new media grow beyond expectation. The technology savvy new generations, have learnt to explore constantly expanding opportunities for communication and self expression presented by the Internet and the Web. The interactive nature of the new media technologies have significantly altered the dynamics of journalism in the cyber space to an extent of blurring the distinction between producers and consumers of messages and transformed them into pro-sumers. This paper analyses the impacts of new media technology on professional journalism and the responses of the old media.


The present invention solves the engine under closed conditions around the aircraft apron transferred from the parked position to the takeoff runway problems and transferred from the landing position to a parking position of the system. The system is composed of the guide groove (5), preferably mounted therein and movement of the aircraft (4) of the wheel (10) forming the guide pin fixed to the docking station (9) (8). The guide groove (5) is designed as a reversible segment grid plate (11) to cover the open guide slide pin (9) in the way the guide groove (5) from above and the guide pin (9) by the shut down. Converting means (12) is mounted in the guide groove (5) in a position and a direction change of the position of a sharp turn.


A method of cathode heating using a laser was studied for an electron gun. In order to observe the practicality of the heating system, the characteristics of the laser‐heated gun with a dispenser and LaB6 thermionic cathodes have been experimentally investigated. The direct laser irradiation is so efficient that the gun is equipped without heat shielding, a cooling system, or an electrical circuit in the gun chamber for cathode heating. Modeling, based on the experimental data, indicates that the cathode temperature is proportional to one‐fourth power of the laser power and that laser power loss and conduction loss of heat in the gun assembly are negligible. An electron beam current density 0.48 A/cm2 was measured with 26 W laser power for a dispenser cathode of 0.06 cm2 emission area. Current density 0.16 A/cm2 with 25 W was recorded for a LaB6 cathode of area 0.12 cm2. Electron beam emittance has been measured by using the typical pepper‐pot technique. It was observed that the growth of electron beam em...


Simple practical design method is proposed for the waffle-iron waveguide filter. The design procedure comprises two steps. The first step is to calculate the K-inverter based on the transformed ABCD parameter from the S parameter for the single window of waffle-iron structure by use of EM S/W tool. The second step is to optimize the size of the windows such that the calculated K inverters may be in accord with the distributed constant prototype filter. In order to validate the design method, a waffle-iron filter for satellite communications over the Ka band is designed and fabricated. The measured results are in good agreement with the calculated ones.


Objective:To modify the local deformity, to decrease psychological disease and improve life quality of the female patient after surgical treatment for breast tumor.Methods:Since 2003,23 cases immediate breast reconstructions were finished with different methods, such as de-epidermis pedicled lattismus myocutaneous flap, pedicled lattismus myocutaneous flap (one case with breast prosthesis), pedicled TRAM (transvers abdominal myocutaneous flap) and free DIEP (deep inferior epigastric perforator flap). Psychological questions were asked pre-and post-operation. Hospitalized time and fee were compared. Effection to adjust treatment were pay attention.Results:The follow-up time was 2~18 months. Except 1 flap failed due to vein thrombosis post anastomosis, all other flaps survived completely with satisfied shape. No recurrent cases were found. The following adjuvant treatment were not postponed.Conclusion:Immediate breast reconstruction after surgical breast treatment is safe and effective, It can treat patient both on body and psychologically. The adjust treatment were not postponed. Fee was low and shape was better. The indications were patients with benign tumor and breast cancer in clinical stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ. Stage Ⅲ were not controindication. Suitable method should be choosen for different patients.


A color watermark algorithm was proposed.Watermark image after rotation transform was embedded in DCT coefficient of three color components of carrier image,and selection of embedding positions depends on the human visual characteristics.The extraction results were cross-validated.And the algorithm increased success rate of extraction.The experimental results show that the algorithm is of good invisibility and strength in robustness.


Mallory‐Denk body (MDB) formation is a component of alcoholic and non alcoholic hepatitis. Proteins of the TLR pathway were shown to be involved in the formation of MDBs, in mice fed DDC. TLR genes are upregulated and SAMe supplementation prevents this up regulation and prevented the formation of MDBs.


According to ICH Q8 guidelines, the biopharmaceutical manufacturer submits a design space (DS) definition as part of the regulatory approval application, in which case process parameter (PP) deviations within this space are not considered a change and do not trigger a regulatory post approval procedure. A DS can be described by non-linear PP ranges, i.e., the range of one PP conditioned on specific values of another. However, independent PP ranges (linear combinations) are often preferred in biopharmaceutical manufacturing due to their operation simplicity. While some statistical software supports the calculation of a DS comprised of linear combinations, such methods are generally based on discretizing the parameter space - an approach that scales poorly as the number of PPs increases. Here, we introduce a novel method for finding linear PP combinations using a numeric optimizer to calculate the largest design space within the parameter space that results in critical quality attribute (CQA) boundaries within acceptance criteria, predicted by a regression model. A precomputed approximation of tolerance intervals is used in inequality constraints to facilitate fast evaluations of this boundary using a single matrix multiplication. Correctness of the method was validated against different ground truths with known design spaces. Compared to stateof-the-art, grid-based approaches, the optimizer-based procedure is more accurate, generally yields a larger DS and enables the calculation in higher dimensions. Furthermore, a proposed weighting scheme can be used to favor certain PPs over others and therefore enabling a more dynamic approach to DS definition and exploration. The increased PP ranges of the larger DS provide greater operational flexibility for biopharmaceutical manufacturers.


The mechanical properties in tension of two aluminium alloys (AA5059-H131 and AA7039-T651) used in armour applications were determined from tests carried out over a wide range of strain-rates on round specimens. The experimental research was developed in the DynaMat laboratory of the University of Applied Sciences of Southern Switzerland. The target strain rates were set at the following four levels: 10 −3 , 30, 300 and 1000s −1 . The quasi-static tests were performed with a universal electromechanical machine, whereas a hydro-pneumatic machine and a Split Hopkinson Tensile Bar apparatus were used for medium and high strain-rates respectively. The required parameters by the Johnson-Cook constitutive law were also determined.


In this paper we study various reasons and mechanisms for combining Supertagging with Lexicalized Tree-Adjoining Grammar (LTAG) parsing. Because of the highly lexicalized nature of the LTAG formalism, we experimentally show that notions other than sentence length play a factor in observed parse times. In particular, syntactic lexical ambiguity and sentence complexity (both are terms we define in this paper) are the dominant factors that affect parsing efficiency. We show how a Supertagger can be used to drastically reduce the syntactic lexical ambiguity for a given input and can be used in combination with an LTAG parser to radically improve parsing efficiency. We then turn our attention to from parsing efficiency to parsing accuracy and provide a method by which we can effectively combine the output of a Supertagger and a statistical LTAG parser using a co-training algorithm for bootstrapping new labeled data. This combination method can be used to incorporate new labeled data from raw text to improve parsing accuracy.


The paper explores the interaction of folklore and the Ossetian prose using an example of the historical novel. An analysis is made of the role and value of folklore elements and extent of their influence on ideological and art system of the Ossetian historical novel. It is inferred that the writer depicted the character, psychology and ethical standards of North Caucasus mountaineers by means of folklore. Thus, the Ossetian historical novel and folklore are not mutually exclusive systems in any way. The Ossetian prose, during its evolution, addresses all the time to means of expression of a folklore narration.


The 20–30-s of the XXth century — is the foundation period for the Ukrainian language stylistics as a science and academic discipline and its formation on the verge of other branches of linguistics. In the article the works of Olena Kurylo, Mykola Sulyma, Oleksa Syniavskyi and Serhii Smerechynskyi have been analyzed from the point of view of the stylistic effects refl ection. The works of Ukrainian linguists as the foundations of modern stylistic morphology and stylistic syntax have been considered.


NUMEROUS claims have been made that Demerol, in addition to its analgesic properties, has a spasmolytic or relaxing action on the motility of the intestinal tract. Eisleb and Schaumann,1 who in 1939 synthesized Demerol, and Duguid and Heathcote2 were among the first to report that this drug exerted an antispasmodic effect on smooth muscle of the intestine in animals. In 1942 Batterman,3 using the balloon intubation method, observed an antispasmodic action of the drug on the gastrointestinal tract in man. In a later publication he claimed that with 50 to 100 mg. of Demerol administered intramuscularly an antispasmodic action was . . .


Slightly and moderately deformed palagonitic rocks from Jamaica suggest the destiny of palagonite. The principal rock described indicates its origin in sideromelane tuff, gives evidence of a palagonite-tuff stage, and displays in detail its mode of deformation. Sideromelane is inherently unstable; and palagonite, the product of the action of water upon it, is essentially chlorite. But palagonitization is slow, and, before it is much advanced, the rock spaces have usually been filled with low-grade chlorite followed by zeolite. The deposition of chlorite is often in two stages, which may differ entirely in orientation. Deformation, facilitated by the low resistance, raises the grade of both these chlorites; and chlorite schists and chlorite and albite schists, it is suggested, largely result from the dynamometamorphism of palagonite tuffs.


Robusta coffee is a type of coffee plant in Indonesian, sepcialy at west lampung.lampung province have much spices of herbs plant.one of that spices is Robusta Coffe. Robusta coffee is the fourth most reliable source of Robusta coffee in the world. Robusta coffee prices in Lampung are influenced by the price of coffee from Vietnam and Brazil. This research was conducted to determine the predication of coffee prices. the price of this coffee can be used for government reference. This prediction is used for farmers to get more leverage. The training data is data for 2010-2014. Testing data used in 2015-2017. 2018 is used as an output target the algorithm used is backpropagationof neural network. the study uses five architectural models. They are 3-9-1,3-12-1,3-15-1 dan 3-19-1. the best model is3-15-1 with mse value is 0.00904753.therefor, this model is good for predicting prices, especially this result is good for the Lampung Keywords :Robusta, coffe, prices, prediction, neural network, backpropagation


The purpose of this study is to suggest the importance of precise observation of cardiac axis and cardiovisceral situs on transvaginal ultrasonography. The authors report 2 cases of major cardiac malformation diagnosed at the first trimester by right cardiac axis on the transvaginal ultrasonography. Two cases of dextrocardia were corrected transposition of the great arteries with absent right atrioventricular connection and complete atrioventricular septal defect with severe pulmonary stenosis associated with left isomerism. Left-sided stomach with right cardiac axis on transvaginal screening sonography can be a key finding in the early diagnosis of major cardiac malformations.


Unvegetated slopes of recently active volcanoes in perudic Costa Rica have locally thin, hard, laminated coatings at the soil surface. These coatings, which cover both ash deposits and boulders, are actively forming in some locations and eroding in others. We investigated the chemistry and formation of these coatings. Optical analysis of the coatings shows that they consist of anisotropic ash particles embedded in isotropic, translucent, fine-textured amorphous material. Scanning electron microscope analysis clearly shows secondary coatings covering and cementing primary mineral grains and rock fragments. In situ microchemical analysis shows that the coatings consist predominantly of silica. Primary mineral grains in well-developed coatings may also be replaced by silica. The internal fabric of the coatings suggests that accumulation of secondary silica and deposition of (reworked) ash are simultaneous processes and that all coatings were formed in various episodes. Precipitation of secondary silica from solution may occur where rapid weathering of primary minerals (volcanic ash) combined with high deposition of strong acids (HCI, H 2 SO 4 ) from fumarolic and solfataric activity results in high dissolved Si concentrations. This process is further enhanced by evaporative concentration at the soil surface. Low pH precludes formation of secondary aluminium silicates and gibbsite. Erosion of the coatings seems to be largely due to episodically transported water.


A recently proposed model which describes the thermodynamic properties of aqueous 1:1 halides in terms of (i) Coulombic interaction via a Debye-Huckel contribution and of (ii) the thermodynamics of the hydration of the ions has been extended to include incomplete dissociation. It is applied to aqueous CsCl (273≤T/K≤523), its mixtures with NaCl and HCl, to aqueous CsI (298≤T/K≤378) and to aqueous HCI (520≤T/K≤638). The dissociation equilibrium constants derived do agree well with values estimated from other sources. The prediction of the thermodynamics of the ternary solutions of CsCl with NaCl and HCl is improved


Key Points Prediction of induction failure in AML is possible using cytogenetic data and a gene expression–based classifier. Integration of PS29MRC in the clinical routine or trials may be facilitated by gene expression analysis with the NanoString platform.


A quantitative analytical method of Keggin polycation [(AlO4Al12(OH)(24)H2O)(12)](7+) (Al-13) and [(AlO4)(2)Al-28(OH)(56)(H2O)(26)](18+)(A(30)) in hydrolytic polymeric aluminum (HPA) aqueous solution was developed, and the species distribution of eight HPAs with total aluminum concentrations (Al-T) between 0.1 and 2.0 mol/L were studied quantitatively using high field Al-27 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) under 70 degrees C. The concentrations of Al-13 and Al-30 can be measured accurately by this method. The linewidth of Al-30 are very sensitive to temperature and become narrower on heating or measured on high field NMR spectrometer, and the resolution will be improved. AlT is a dominant factor of influencing the aluminum species distribution in high concentrated HPA(Al-T >= 0.5 mol/L). The concentration of Al-13 increases with the increasing of Al-T while Al-T = 0.5 mol/L. The concentration of Al-30 increases with the increasing of Al-T, and it is greater than the concentration of Al-13 while Al-T >= 0.5 mol/L. Al-30 becomes one of dominant polymeric aluminum species while the Al-T >= 0.5 mol/L.


During the last few years, natural fibers have received much more attention than ever before from the research community all over the world. These natural fibers offer a number of advantages over traditional synthetic fibers such as low environmental impact and low cost. In the present paper, a study on the synthesis and mechanical properties of natural fiber reinforced composites has been reported. The materials considered for this study are Polypropylene based natural fiber reinforced composites made by compression molding. The natural fibers used as reinforcement in this study are Grewia-Optiva, Nettle and their hybrid consisting of both Grewia-Optiva and Nettle. The results indicate that, the mechanical properties of hybrid type of composite are superior when compared to other two types of composites.


Omicron is the latest variant of the corona virus which also causes the disease Covid-19. Citing the Covid19.go.id page, this variant spreads faster than other COVID-19 variants, but with milder symptoms or tends to be asymptomatic. This variant has been detected in several countries since it was first discovered on the African continent. This type of variant was first detected in South Africa. This variant is referred to as one that is very fast in transmitting the virus. The emergence of the Omicron variant reminds all of us to be more aware of the risks that arise, and it is hoped that the public will know the symptoms and handling of the infection. The purpose of writing this article is to see the determinants of the incidence of omicron infection. The research methodology was carried out by conducting a literature review of several articles, both international and national, which were searched using GoOmicron is the latest variant of the corona virus which also causes the disease Covid-19. Citing the Covid19.go.id page, this variant spreads faster than other COVID-19 variants, but with milder symptoms or tends to be asymptomatic. This variant has been detected in several countries since it was first discovered on the African continent. This type of variant was first detected in South Africa. This variant is referred to as one that is very fast in transmitting the virus. The emergence of the Omicron variant reminds all of us to be more aware of the risks that arise, and it is hoped that the public will know the symptoms and handling of the infection. The purpose of writing this article is to see the determinants of the incidence of omicron infection. The research methodology was carried out by conducting a literature review of several articles, both international and national, which were searched using Google Scholar and ScienceDirect, filling in 53 articles with the words Omicron infection, symptoms and prevention, consisting of 40 international and 13 national journals after being selected according to the selected keywords. analyzed 15 articles, consisting of 11 international articles and 4 national articles searched by using Google Scholar and ScienceDirect with quantitative and qualitative research designs. Research Results: That from the results of the search that the Omicron infection was transmitted very quickly and with mild symptoms and prevention, by increasing the body's immunity, the wrong vaccine was given. Conclusion: Determinants of the incidence of omicron infection cause mild symptoms of fever, respiratory problems, loss of smell in not all cases, and prevention is still a health protocol and increases body immunity by giving vaccinesogle Scholar and ScienceDirect, filling in 53 articles with the words Omicron infection, symptoms and prevention, consisting of 40 international and 13 national journals after being selected according to the selected keywords. analyzed 15 articles, consisting of 11 international articles and 4 national articles searched by using Google Scholar and ScienceDirect with quantitative and qualitative research designs. Research Results: That from the results of the search that the Omicron infection was transmitted very quickly and with mild symptoms and prevention, by increasing the body's immunity, the wrong vaccine was given. Conclusion: Determinants of the incidence of omicron infection cause mild symptoms of fever, respiratory problems, loss of smell in not all cases, and prevention is still a health protocol and increases body immunity by giving vaccines


A unique and novel feature invention titled as "High performance lightweight compact thermal radiator" was filed on March 31, 2005. This new invention utilizes the superb isotropic higher thermal conductivity of industrial Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) diamond or diamond composite as face sheet material. In addition, carbon foam panel or carbon graphite composite panel is also used as the radiator structural panel in order to achieve the lightweight thermal radiator system design. This paper presents the new system design concept and results of preliminary thermal analysis. The combination of this unique design feature significantly increases heat rejection rate per unit area for the radiator's panel surface. It is believed that this novel design will have significant technical impacts to future space vehicles such as Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV), and next generation satellites.


The current study focuses on the evaluation of the Haar wavelet method, i.e. its comparison with widely used strong formulation based methods (FDM-finite difference method and DQM-differential quadrature method). A solid element 3D finite element model is developed and the numerical results obtained by using simplified approaches are confirmed.


Objective. The study was designed to assess the morphology and structural changes in the walls of the left subclavian artery in neonates and infants with coarctation and aortic arch hypoplasia. Methods. The study included 27 patients with hypoplasia of the aortic arch at the age of 64 (27; 89) days, average body weight of 3.6±1.1 (from 1.8 to 6.9 kg), who were operated at the Center of Pediatric Surgery of Academician Ye. Meshalkin Research Institute of Circulation Pathology in the period from 2013 to 2014. All patients underwent off-pump surgery of hypoplasia of the aortic arch by using modified reverse plasty with a patch from the left subclavian artery. The patch was taken intraoperatively to determine the ratio of elastin and collagen. The results were compared with those of the control group. Results. Significant differences were found in the content of collagen and elastic fibers in patients with aortic arch hypoplasia. Patients with hypoplasia had a significantly higher content of thin collagen and a lower content of elastic fibers in the wall of the subclavian artery. Conclusion. The morphology of the subclavian artery in children with aortic arch hypoplasia is characterized by an increase of collagen and a decrease of elastic fibers due to the proliferation of smooth muscle cells, myofibroblasts, fibroblasts and the change in their relationship. These features determine the changes in elastic characteristics of the vascular wall, i.e. increased rigidity.


The open technique standard of IEEE1394 data tansmission is widely used in the field of video and audio frequency. It not only supports the equipments such as digital camera, digital vidicon, digital video camera and so on, but also is supplied in the interaction of network and hard disk etc. With the high speed local area net established by IEEE1394, people can transfer sound and image real time with high quality. We should attach great importance to the application of IEEE1394 in of TV field.


Technology developers continue to develop new information and communication technologies (ICTs) aimed at addressing longstanding problems in international development. However, the sheer number of unsuccessful projects shows the importance of better understanding the ways in which a given population uses technology, before attempting to build novel applications for that population. We argue that this means adopting a methodological approach that recognizes that ideas develop slowly over time. As a first step in realizing this process, we present results from an exploratory qualitative study of mobile phone and social media use among residents of an informal settlement, or "slum", in Nairobi, Kenya. Our fieldwork reveals how contextual factors unique to slum environments affect mobile phone ownership and Internet access. We use these findings to propose an alternative approach to design, which accounts for the realities of living in a slum, and engages with residents. We also address the need for greater reflexivity in ICTD research.


This paper presents a new iris texture analysis approach. The new approach exploits distribution of iris patterns in which they spread mostly along its radialangular direction. The analysis is done circularly using Gaussian and Gabor filter. The orientation of Gabor is rotated corresponding to polar location of an interested pixel. The new approach is called polar-based filtering. We investigate our approach using both of 1-D and 2-D filtering methods. Our approach transforms an iris image onto spatial-frequency domain, resulting in four different iris texture images: approximation, radial-like, angularlike, and sparse edge texture. Our preliminary results demonstrate promising iris patterns.


In this article, by using the Schauder fixed point theorem, we first study the existence of solutions for a new coupled system of Caputo fractional differential equations with multipoint boundary value conditions under the assumption that the nonlinear term satisfies two types of the Carathéodory conditions. Using this result, we provide the existence of solutions of the system with infinite points and Riemann–Stieltjes integral boundary conditions, respectively, instead of doing it directly. Finally, we give three examples to illustrate the feasibility of main results.


This study summarizes three types of HLM-based multilevel mediation models, and explains that in two types of these models, biases emerge when using popularly-recommended procedures. A Monte Carlo ...


With a view of revealing the trend of energy consumption in porcelain insulator manufacture industry in last years,random sampling of relevant energy consumption parameters was made from 9 manufactures.The average data show average growth of annual output and outvalue by 6.6% and 12%,and the drop of fuel consumption per ton of satisfactory porcelain,annual fuel consumption and energy consumption per ton thousand yuan of output value by 6.9%,4.4% and 7.8% respectively,annual electric power consumption and power consumption per ton to satisfactory porcelain raised 9.5% and 3.6% respectively.The statistic data show possibility of further drop of energy consumption in the way of rational utilization,scientific management and adjustment of product varieties.


Excessive shading provided by Erythrina species to cacao (Theobroma cacao), still observed in south of Bahia, Brazil is among the main factors of the low yield of productive and resistant to witches'broom (Moniliophthora perniciosa) by clones used in the renovation of crops formed with the cacao-Erythrina system. Baseb on this perception and to modernize the farming system of this important cocoa producing region, it is proposed to replace Erythrina trees for rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis). This specie is considered a component suitable for use in multifunctional agroforestry systems (AFS), and has high economic value, adapted to the local growing conditions, efficient as CO2 saquestrattion besides provides the cacao trees with quality shading, because the easy handling of the canopy architecture. It is a new regional planting scheme, which provides sustainability to the cacao and rubber agribusinesses and recovers the productivity of large areas of cacao trees attacked by witches' broom while significantly expanding the area planted with rubber trees. All at a lower cost without the need to clear primary forests of the Atlantic Forest and also without causing changes to the soil characteristics of the previous system of land use (cacao-Erythrina), maintaining the natural mechanisms of nutrient recycling. Thereby, it expected higher productivity of these rubber tree plantations due to the use of productive clones, resistant and with crown characteristics suitable for planting in AFS, besides being planted in fertile soils and with better management practices. Therefore, the actual process of introducing rubber requires minor adjustments regarding the arrangement, spacing, density and planting orientation, seeking better spatial distribution among plants. Well structured, this system decreases the effects of competition between the associated crops for water, nutrients, space and, mainly, light. Furthermore, favors the natural weed control, the nutrien


A new development in service exports is the explosive growth of business services including professional services. In India, the IT industry forms the major share of foreign exchange earnings. This paper analyzes the performance of individual or standalone firms and business group affiliated firms in the IT industry and tries to give insight into what propels service exports in India.