The Montecassino and S. Domenico in Ortona catalogues are the final result of twenty years experience in cataloguing. My goal was to reach a high-quality result in cataloguing, i.e., to accomplish the very different tasks involved in cataloguing, coordinating both the necessary people and necessary institutions. This article is divided in two parts: in the first part describes the structure and the process of multifunctional activities for high quality cataloguing; the second part contains a synthetic description of the two catalogues for Montecassino and Ortona. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] The general--and very often common--situation of the starting point of cataloguing can be explained in this schema: According to this first scheme, all over the world, three common tendencies are clear: * The financial means for cataloguing are reducing * The international cataloguing standards are improving * The quality of the cataloguing results are improving In my opinion, a way to face those tendencies is an international cooperation to share efforts and tasks necessary to reach the desired goal. The very first step to achieve this cataloguing is through use of software that is able to satisfy the international standards of cataloguing with the possibility of printing the results in an easy way (titles with indexes) on A4 paper with a home printer. The software we used to fulfil those criteria was PIKaDo by RISM. (2) [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] On this basis, after having pointed out the basic necessities, we can analyze the multifunctional activities for high quality cataloguing. The main actors in this multifunctional activities for high quality cataloguing are pointed out by different colours in Illustration 3, and can be explained as follows: * G. Insom: Editor / Organizer of the whole process, from the raw musical sources to the publishing of the catalogue * RISM: International cataloguing reference for musical sources and supplier of the cataloguing software PIKaDo and of the cooperation for the data analysis * Cataloguers: Specialized musicologists chosen for the cataloguing; * Conserving Agency: Library, Archive, etc. conserving the musical sources; * Financing Agency: Institution(s) providing the financial means to accomplish the whole process. After having described the different functions, we can go through in the first scheme of the working process: [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] In this very first part of this process the Editor / Organizer, according to the multifunctional activities for high-quality cataloguing has to carry out different tasks: Preliminary analysis of feasibility * Contact the different institutions concerned in the patrimony * Find the financial support for the whole operation, from sources to catalogue * Research cataloguers-musicologists able to accomplish this task * Prepare a legal formalisation of the whole working process concerning all the involved people and Institutions * Training of the cataloguers and librarian of the conserving Institution in using of PIKaDo When this very first part is carried out, we can pass to the actual realisation of cataloguing, which consists of: * Collection and analysis of the documents and bibliography concerning the patrimony * Cataloguing, complete or in parts, according to the number of sources (a cataloguing project must be completed within a fixed time span; otherwise the quality will be lost) * Sending the data to RISM * General verification by RISM on cataloguing standards * Find out in cooperation/agreement with RISM which a data standard is suitable to the final publication (i.e., in accordance with the publisher / printer) * Returning the data in .pdf and Microsoft Word format * Printing the first draft of the data * Analyzing the first draft and preparing verifications and corrections * Report on the progress of the project to all involved institutions, generally by circulating a copy of the first draft In the second part of the working process, directly following the previous, we do a further data analysis and processing, keeping it in line with improvement of data quality according to the following scheme: [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] In the detail this secondary analysis consists of the following steps: * Analysis and verification of each title * Analysis and verification of the index * Printing and elaborating each draft until the optimal cataloguing quality is reached (Montecassino: 7 drafts in about 2 1/2 years; Ortona: 4 drafts in about 1 year) * Circulating each new draft to the involved institutions * Write the history of each patrimony, giving all possible information about the local collection as a whole (including information about local personalities otherwise not known) and providing a general description of the documents conserved [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] One significant example of the result issuing from analysis and verification of each title is a list of wrongly-attributed compositions in the Montecassino catalogue. …


The Ar/sup 37/Ar/sup 39/ ratio of a chondritic meteorite that fell on Oct. 13, 1959, three months after the intense (flux approximately 4 x 1O/sup 8/ protons/cm/sup 2/) solar proton event in July 1959, is studied. It is concluded that this ratio suggests the cosmic-ray flux is higher near the sun than near the earth. (T.F.H.)


Objective To explore the changes and clinical significance of neuropeptide Y(NPY) and neuron-specific enolase(NSE) levels in children with convulsibility diseases.Methods Six-two children with convulsibility diseases were selected as convulsion group, and 20 healthy children served as normal control group. The blood samples were collected within the first 24 hours after seizure. The levels of NPY were measured by radioimmunoassay,and the NSE detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results The levels of blood NPY and NSE in convulsion group (including viral encephalitis,epilepsy and febrile convulsion) were significantly higher than those in normal control group(P0.01).The levels of NSE in children with serious convulsion group were significantly higher than those in common convulsion group(P0.01),and the levels of NPY in serious convulsion group were significantly lower than those in common convulsion group(P0.01).The level of NPY was negatively correlated with that of NSE in children with convulsion at acute stage(r=-0.74,P0.01).Conclusion The levels of blood NPY and NSE in children with convulsibility diseases are significantly higher after seizure,which has a close correlation with the severity of brain injury and may serve as the objective indicators in the early prediction of the degree of brain injury.


Strategic peptide sequences, patterned on the sequence 136–148 of the primary structure of human serum albumin, have been immobilized on a cross-linked polyacrylamide support using the solid phase peptide synthesis technique. Certain of the resulting materials proved to be efficient adsorbents for bilirubin from aqueous phosphate buffer solution. Amino acids such as lysine and arginine favour the binding of the ligand, whereas glutamic acid reduces it markedly. From Scatchard plots, first and second equilibrium binding constants, in the range of (0.3–9.6) × 104 M−1, were obtained using a site treatment. These binding constants are comparable to that for the binding of bilirubin by a larger fragment of bovine serum albumin that contains the synthesized sequence.


Comprehending English text is still regarded as hard for students. Metacognitive strategies have been considered effective in overcoming reading difficulties by many researchers. The objective of this study is to describe the application of three types of metacognitive reading strategies (global strategies, problem solving strategies, and support strategies) used by the students of Senior High School (SMAN) 1 Ingin Jaya, Aceh Besar. It is a descriptive qualitative study. Metacognitive Awareness of Reading Strategies Inventory (MARSI) questionnaire suggested by Mokhtari and Reichard (2002) was used to collect the data. The result of the study revealed that the students generally showed moderate awareness of all strategies and held a preference of using Problem Solving Strategies, followed by Support Strategies and Global Strategies respectively. The study also showed that high performance students used the strategies more frequently than low performance students. It can be concluded that the more students aware of using metacognitive reading strategies, the better their performance is in reading skill. Therefore, teaching the students to use metacognitive strategies can be a solution in enhancing students' reading ability.


The dependence of stable isotopic analyses in geochemistry and environmental measurements are steadily increasing. However, the ability to compare measurements between laboratories can be quite challenging owing to differences in measurement and calibration. The key to obtaining reliable data is by designing experiments which utilize sampling methodologies that represent the environment intended for the study and meet the dataquality objectives. These samples in turn must then be calibrated against suitable reference materials containing low levels of uncertainty. The precision and accuracy of the analytical result is directly related to the precision and accuracy of the standard used to calibrate the analytical instrument.


ABSTRACTThe present contribution, in the framework of the projectof investigation approved by UBACyT: "Freud and theefficacy of the analysis", set out to pre...


A sex paradox is seen in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) whereby female sex is a risk factor for development of the disease but male sex is often associated with poorer outcomes. Although data are limited regarding the potential molecular mechanisms underlying sex-specific variations in PAH including its various subtypes, there is emerging evidence regarding the potential role of sex differences in pathways governing the balance between underlying inflammatory and vasoactive mechanisms. Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a subtype of pulmonary hypertension that is classically characterized as a procoagulant state and yet also involving some degree of proinflammatory activity. Therefore, we sought to determine whether eicosanoid mediators, endogenous lipid signaling molecules that have been implicated in a range of inflammatory and vasoactive responses, vary by sex in patients with CTEPH. We studied 287 patients (43.5% female) with confirmed CTEPH from a single center and assayed plasma samples using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to profile 500 eicosanoid analytes. We found significant sex-specific variations in eicosanoid profiles after adjusting for age and BMI, with males demonstrating a predominance of inflammatory-pathway related eicosanoids. Sex-specific variation in eicosanoid pathway related mechanisms may underlie sexual dimorphism in CTEPH outcomes.


Summary By use of purified contact activation product (CAP) it was possible to show that activation of the contact phase of the coagulation system can lead to a state of hypo-coagulability very similar to that occurring in the experimental Sanarelli-Shwartz-man phenomenon (SSP). The coagulation changes which occurred suggested that the difference between the effects of CAP administration and the typical experimental SSP appeared to be merely quantitative in nature. However, the fact that in our experiments on the classical SSP no stasis thrombi developed as the most significant sign of increased coagulation activity, may suggest that pathogenetically important differences exist.


White adipose tissue is not a simple energy reservoir, it also secretes several molecules called adipokines. In standard conditions, adipokines are involved in general homeostasis permitting the regulation of numerous functions and metabolic pathways. During the development of obesity, adipose tissue physiology is severely disrupted. This results in dysfunction such as low-grade inflammatory status. The accumulation of these disturbances within adipose tissue generates a dysregulation of adipokines secretion. This will have for consequences a failure of some metabolic pathways resulting in insulin-resistant state leading to type 2 diabetes. Several epidemiological studies show a link between vitamin D deficiency and numerous pathologies like cancers, immunity deseases or cardiovascular deseases. In addition, there is an inverse correlation between plasma levels of 25(OH)D and the prevalence of obesity, hypertension and type 2 diabetes. However, the link between vitamin D deficiency and obesity is not well established. The aim of this thesis is to better understand the link between vitamin D deficiency, obesity and physiological disorders associated. For this purpose, we have evaluated vitamin D effects on adipose tissue and adipocyte biology (inflammation, glucose uptake) and subsequently effects of vitamin D supplementation on diet-induced obesity. In a first study in vitro, we have showed an anti-inflammatory effect of vitamin D on adipocyte. This effect appears to be VDR-dependant and implies a modulation of NFκB signaling pathway. This study could partly explain le link between vitamine D deficiency and low-grade inflammation associated with obesity.


Standard error of the mean When considering the standard deviation we were concerned with making some mathematical statement of the variability of individual observations about the mean of all observations ina particular sample. What we must now examine is. the relationship that that or a~y sample oears to the universe from whiCh it liasbe«ndrawn. Plainly, in the fields. of clinical and epidemiological research it is very rarely feasible to acquire all possible observations of anyone characteristiC under study. We usually . must be content with collecting a sample which is only one of perhaps himdreds of possible samples available from that universe; Consequently one thing that we require . is some idea of the relationship that the mean of our sample bears to the true mean of the universe' froIU which· it has' been drawn. Put another way, some· statement of the error we incur' by using our sample mean as representative of the true mean. , By parallel reasoning t~ that leading to the concept of the norn~al distribution qf individual values described in the first: part of this article, we can say,that in the biological' context, the mearis of a large nu~ber of successive randofu samples of equal size from any given universe will tend to fall into a normal distribution about. the true' mean of thatuniverse: Brief consideration will further renderapparent the fact tliat the size qf a sample will be'related to the accuracy of its mean as a statement of the true mean. In other words, the mean of a very large sample is. likely ,to be .llllichnearer to the true mea~of the universe than that of a sample of, say, five ob~ervations which could quite . easily by chance .beexceptionaJly large or smaHand will give a greatly distorted sample mean relative to the true mellll. . .' '"


The southern Baja California (Mexico) microplate has been rapidly moving away from the North America plate since ca. 12 Ma. This relative motion toward the northwest developed an oblique-divergent plate boundary that formed the Gulf of California. The rift-drift hypothesis postulates that when a continent ruptures and seafloor spreading commences, rifting on the plate margins ceases, and the margins start to drift, subside, and accumulate postrift sediments, eventually becoming a passive margin. In contrast to this hypothesis, the southern part of the Baja California microplate (BCM), and in particular its actively deforming eastern boundary zone, has continued significant rifting for millions of years after seafloor spreading initiated within the southern Gulf of California at 6–2.5 Ma. This is a process we call "rifting-while-drifting." Global positioning system (GPS)–based data collected from 1998 to 2011 show relative motion across the eastern boundary zone up to ~2–3.2 mm/yr with respect to a stable BCM. Furthermore, the velocity directions are compatible with normal faulting across the eastern boundary zone nearly perpendicular to the trend of the plate boundary at the latitude of La Paz and therefore a highly strain partitioned domain. North of 25°N latitude up to the Loreto area, there is a domain with no strain partitioning, and northwestdirected transtensional deformation dominates. From long-term geologic and paleoseismology studies, late Quaternary faulting rates are equal to or less than the GPS-derived rates, while geologic rates older than 1–2 Ma are commonly much higher. We suggest that the "rifting-while-drifting" process may be caused by the large topographic relief across the BCM margin, which created a significant gradient in gravitational potential energy that helps in driving continued relatively slow faulting. The relief was inherited from the much faster faulting of the BCM eastern boundary zone before plate motions largely localized along the modern transform–spreading centers in the axis of the Gulf of California. The low sediment flux from the small drainages and arid climate on the southern Baja California Peninsula result in the maintenance of underfilled to starved basins, and the relatively slow late Quaternary active faulting promotes continued topographic relief over millions of years. LITHOSPHERE; v. 12; no. 1; p. 122–132; GSA Data Repository Item 2020115 | Published online 12 February 2020 https://doi.org/10.1130/L1132.1


Rotating superfluid He droplets of approximately 1 μ m in diameter were obtained in a free nozzle beam expansion of liquid He in vacuum and were studied by single-shot coherent diffractive imaging using an x-ray free electron laser. The formation of strongly deformed droplets is evidenced by large anisotropies and intensity anomalies (streaks) in the obtained diffraction images. The analysis of the images shows that in addition to previously described axially symmetric oblate shapes, some droplets exhibit prolate shapes. Forward modeling of the diffraction images indicates that the shapes of rotating superfluid droplets are very similar to their classical counterparts, giving direct access to the droplet angular momenta and angular velocities. The analyses of the radial intensity distribution and appearance statistics of the anisotropic images confirm the existence of oblate metastable superfluid droplets with large angular momenta beyond the classical bifurcation threshold.


The effects of oxygen incorporation on layer properties and cell performance were investigated in thin film solar cells with a-SiOx:H absorber layers. Besides the widened optical band gap and increased defect densities, a doping effect is observed upon oxygen incorporation even for the layers with wide band gap. From comparison of solar cells illuminated from either p- or n-side, we conclude that overall hole carrier collection is strongly deteriorated by increasing the oxygen concentration. The donor-like states induced by oxygen reform the electric field in the absorber. The intensified electric field near the p/i interface improves the quantum efficiency (QE) around 400 nm, which is attributed to the better carrier collection in the p-layer. The maximum of QE shows a blue shift with both p- and n-side illumination. It is consistent with the enhanced optical band gap of the absorber layer and shows the potential of usage in multi-junction solar cells.


People often simulate a computer before its construction to find problems with its architecture and to concurrently develop algorithms for it. When simulating massively parallel computers, simulation time generally increases proportionately with the number of processing nodes. Thus, for large numbers of nodes, a simple optimized C program can effectively simulate all relevant register values while running significantly faster then many high level languages such as Verilog or VHDL. Instead of taking many processor cycles to simulate complex processor logic with software, we can extract the complex logic into a faster external hardware unit, typically implemented as a field programmable gate array (FPGA) for flexibility. We ran simulations of early vision algorithms on an Intel 80960 platform with an assisting FPGA and found that the FPGA only speeded up our simulations by a negligible amount due to the slowness of the external bus. The extra added cost and effort of programming the FPGA was not worth the incremental speed increase. Thesis Supervisor: Thomas F. Knight Jr. Title: Principal Research Scientist


In modern era, Muslims are faced with various challenges which need to be addressed. This is in order to resolve the issues related to them properly instead of becoming cancerous bodies in the public life. This paper seeks to explain some of the challenges Muslims encounter in Southeast Asia, especially in Malaysia. This paper discusses some those challenges and proposes some solutions accordingly.


This study aims to develop blended learning in flipped classroom format on HyLearn web of Faculty of Education Science, Universitas Negeri Jakarta to encourage optimization students' in using that web. Faculty of Education Science is one of the faculties that providing e-Learning services. In this research, authors used the ADDIE Model. Based on the monitoring of the log data activity of 89 students' in HyLearn web on http://fip.unj.ac.id/hylearn , Based on the results of the discussion on blended learning and learning independence of the students of the Faculty of Education, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, the percentage of learning independence results from 6 indicators, namely: 1) dependence on others by 78.2% categorized as very positive, 2) having self-confidence of 75, 4% categorized as positive, 3) discipline behavior 74.3% categorized as positive, 4) having a sense of responsibility 77.6% categorized as very positive, 5) having based on their own initiative 74.8% categorized as positive, and 6) doing self-control of 76.4% is categorized as very positive. While the results of the discussion on the impact of the implementation of blended learning on learning independence were obtained as a result of a percentage of 77.6% categorized as very positive. So that it can be concluded that the tendency of student learning independence, namely students proved to have a positive learning momentum.


With the rapid development of medical education,the reform of teaching methods has become one of the most important parts of education reform.Many higher schools are trying to develop and use the new teaching methods,in which PBL and TBL become the most two popular teaching methods in modern times.However,each teaching method has its own pros and cons.A single teaching method is hard to meet the need of teaching.This paper mainly discusses the pros and cons of LBL,PBL and TBL,hoping to provide some help for deepening the medical education reform and improving the teaching quality.


Two thioester compounds: (S)-(+)-4-(1-methylheptyloxy)biphenyl 4′-heptylthiobenzoate (in short: MHOBS7) having rode-like, calamitic-chiral molecules, and 1,3-phenylene bis{4-[(4-octyloxybenzoyl)-sulfanyl]benzoate} (in short: 8OSOR) built of banana like achiral molecules, have been studied by complementary methods to show differences in their linear dielectric as well as ferroelectric properties. To this end the following experimental methods were used: differential scanning calorimetry, polarizing microscopy, dielectric spectroscopy and reversal current method. The first compound shows a ferroelectric SmC* phase with temperature dependent Goldstone mode displaying negative activation energy. At the N*--SmC* transition spontaneous polarization changes discontinuously showing first order character of this transition. For 8OSOR compound with bent core molecules only B1 phase shows up, which does not switch. However, it was possible to record reversal current spectra but temperature dependence of spontaneous polarization was unusual suggesting antiferroelectric order of this phase.


This chapter outlines the distribution and diversity of wetland resources and examines the types of human activities that have resulted in widespread alteration. The term 'wetland' has a variety of meanings, and examples are given of the terminology used to describe different types of wetlands. The processes responsible for the formation and persistence of wetlands are indicated and consideration is given to human perceptions of these ecosystems and threats to them from both natural and anthropogenic activities.


The incorporation of dialkyl sulfide side chains in metallodendrimers is a simple method for their insertion into a monolayer of decanethiol formed by self-assembly on a gold surface. The dendrimer binds through the sulfide group to a defect in the monolayer on the gold surface (see picture). The surface concentration of the isolated dendrimer adsorbate can be regulated by the adsorption time (for example, 55 adsorbates on a surface of 200x200 nm(2) after 20 h).


Cancer has gained as an emerging major problem in India. 70% of the affected patients present with clinically advanced disease, either at the primary site or in the cervical lymph nodes.1 The cure of cancer, with preservation of structure, function and aesthetics, has become more evident with advances in modern radiation oncology, based on technologic gains in radiation physics and insights to radiation biology and pathophysiology.2 Surgery and radiation, used alone or in combination are the only curative treatments. Approximately, 8090% of patients with stage I or II head and neck cancer are cured with surgery or radiotherapy alone. A combination of chemotherapy and radiation therapy is used in patients with inoperable or unresectable [stage III and IV] disease in an attempt to increase the cure rates over radiation alone. The advantages of the treatment combination are the preservation of cosmesis and function as compared to radical surgeries.


This paper outlines the technology of the formalization and verification of legal text documents. A formal model of a legal document is presented as an ordered set of rules. Every rule is presented as a triple containing preand post-conditions, as well as process parts. All rules are ordered in Use Case Maps (UCM) diagrams. Such a formal model can be verified for inconsistency and incompleteness, which are the causes of gaps and ambiguities in legal requirements. Verification is implemented by means of algebraic computation and symbolic modelling. The formalization of legal requirements is performed with the use of an intermediate language. An example of the procedure of registration from the Tax Code of Ukraine is given for the illustration of the algebraic method implemented in the Insertion Modeling System (IMS).


Mice with the Na+/H+ exchanger 3 deficiency (Nhe3−/−) develop hypotension, suggesting an important role of NHE3 in the proximal tubule of the kidney. Using control (Nhe3+/+) and Nhe3−/− mice, we determined blood pressure (SBP) and signaling responses to angiotensin II (ANG II) for 2 weeks (40 ng/min, i.p., via osmotic minipump). Na+‐K+‐ATPase α1, Na+/HCO3−, phosphorylated PKCα (p‐PKCα), glycogen synthase kinase 3α/β (p‐GSK3α/β), MAP kinases ERK1/2 (p‐ERK1/2), CREB (p‐ CREB), and aquaporin 1 (AQP‐1) proteins in the proximal tubule of the kidney were measured by western blot analysis. Under basal conditions, Nhe3−/− mice had lower SBP (p<0.01) and 24 h urinary water, Na+ and K+ excretion (p<0.01). Plasma ANG II and aldosterone were significantly elevated (p<0.01), but kidney ANG II was unaltered in Nhe3−/− mice. Na+‐K+‐ATPase α1, Na+/HCO3−, p‐PKCα, p‐GSK3α/β, p‐ERK1/2, and AQP‐1 proteins were significantly increased in Nhe3−/− mice compared with Nhe3+/+ mice (p<0.01). ANG II increased SBP and 24 h urinary Na+ and K+ excretion to greater extents in Nhe3+/+ than in Nhe3−/− mice. Although ANG II increased Na+‐K+‐ATPase α1, Na+/HCO3−, p‐ PKCα, p‐ERK1/2, and AQP‐1 signaling responses in Nhe3+/+ mice, it had no effects on these signaling proteins in Nhe3−/− mice. We concluded that global deletion of the NHE3 gene induces significant compensatory transporter and signaling responses in the proximal tubule of the kidney.


Piezoelectric tensor data. Available as Monty Encoder encoded JSON and CSV files. The recommended access method is through the matminer Python package using the datasets module. Note on citations: If you found this dataset useful and would like to
cite it in your work, please be sure to cite its original sources below
rather than or in addition to this page. Dataset is described in the following: De Jong M, Chen W, Geerlings H, Asta M, Persson K (2015) A database to
enable discovery and design of piezoelectric materials. Scientific Data
2: 150053. https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2015.53 Data adapted from JSON files available here: De Jong M, Chen W, Geerlings H, Asta M, Persson K (2015) Data from: A database to enable discovery and design of piezoelectric materials. Dryad Digital Repository.
https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.n63m4


Abstract A direct adaptive control framework for nonlinear uncertain delay dynamical systems is developed. The proposed framework is Lyapunov-Krasovskii-based and guarantees asymptotic stability with respect to the plant states. Specifically, if the nonlinear system is represented in normal form, then it is shown that nonlinear adaptive controllers can be constructed without requiring knowledge of the system dynamics except the system delay amount. Furthermore, in the case where the system is particularly given in a multivariable second-order form, the adaptive control law is shown to be simplified and constructed without even requiring the information of the delay amount. Finally, a numerical example is provided to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach.


Laparoscopy is common in abdominal surgery. Trocar site hernia (TSH) is a most likely underestimated complication. Among risk factors, obesity, the use of larger trocars and the umbilical trocar site has been described. In a previous study, CT scan in the prone position upon a ring was found to be a reliable method for the detection of TSH in obese.
 Our aim was to examine the incidence of TSH after gastric sleeve.

 79 patients subjected to laparoscopic gastric sleeve in 2011-2016 were examined using CT in the prone position upon a ring. Symptoms of TSH were assessed using a digital survey.

 The incidence of trocar site hernia was 17 out of 79 (21,5 %), all at the umbilical trocar site. The mean follow-up time was 37 months. There was no clear correlation between symptomatic TSH and TSH on CT.

 The incidence of TSH is high in this group of patients. Up to follow-up, none of the patients had been subjected to hernia repair. Although the consequence of trocar site hernia can be serious, the proportion of symptomatic TSH is unknown.


Abstract: Key issues regarding the design of apparel for the overweight and obese population are examined with reference to how the body changes shape as weight is gained, understanding of the different body shapes of the plus sized consumer and sizing requirements for plus sizes. Most importantly, plus size customers are found to be similar to missy sized customers in that they both want stylish and fashionable clothing that fits. Future trends in plus sizes are discussed.


To investigate the microscopic second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) behavior of the 1-salicylidene-3-thio-semicarbazone Schiff base compound, the electric dipole moments (μ), linear static polarizabilities (α) and first static hyperpolarizabilites (β) have been calculated using finite field second-order Moller-Plesset perturbation (FF MP2) theory. The ab-initio results on (hyper)polarizabilities show that the investigated molecule might have microscopic NLO properties with non-zero values. To understand the NLO behavior in the context of molecular orbital structure, we have also examined the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and the HOMO-LUMO gap in the same theoretical framework as the (hyper)polarizability calculations. In addition to the NLO properties, the electronic transition spectra have been computed using a semi-empirical method (ZINDO). ZINDO calculation results show that the electronic transition wavelengths have been estimated to be shorter than 400 nm.


The TiO2/4-mercaptopyridine (4-Mpy)/Ag sandwich structure has been fabricated by a self-assembly method and the enhanced Raman scattering of the molecule embedded in the nanojunction, known as surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), was studied. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) has been employed to investigate the formation process of the TiO2/4-Mpy/Ag sandwich structure. Raman spectra of the TiO2/4-Mpy/Ag sandwich structure were significantly enhanced relative to those observed on 4-Mpy adsorbed on Ag particles or TiO2/4-Mpy. A possible distribution of 4-Mpy molecules in the fabrication of TiO2/4-Mpy/Ag assemblies has been proposed. It shows that 4-Mpy molecules adsorb on the surface of the TiO2 NPs, and the 4-Mpy molecules connect with Ag NPs via the S atom. The analysis of XPS confirms the result obtained from Raman spectra of TiO2/4-Mpy/Ag assemblies. The SERS enhancement mechanism is discussed briefly in the article, and we ascribed it to the charge-transfer mechanism.


Retinoblastoma is found in a hereditary and nonhereditary form. Long survivors treated for the hereditary form seem to be predisposed for developing a second primary tumor later in life. The retinoblastoma genes are supposed to be responsible for this disposition. This report describes the development of a Ewing‐s tumor in a nine‐year‐old girl, who had both eyes removed in early life for retinoblastoma.


A high density (High-Z) material is being developed under a NASA SBIR Phase II contract [NASA contract No. NAS1-97008] which complements the established RAD-PAK® technology and products for space IC shielding. This material can be applied to individual die, packages or PCBs. The concept, progress, potential range of applications, test plan and preliminary results are presented. The results to date are promising and the material is meeting its expectations.


The equiatomic ternary compound YbPtGa has been investigated by neutron diffraction, magnetic susceptibility, electrical resistivity, and low-temperature heat capacity measurements. A profile refinement of neutron diffraction data reveals that YbPtGa crystallizes in the orthorhombic TiNiSi-type structure. A [lambda]-type anomaly is observed in the heat capacity at 3.8 K, and a broad maximum in the susceptibility is seen at 4 K, suggesting magnetic ordering of the Yb moment. The temperature dependence of the magnetic scattering resistivity exhibits a behavior consistent with Kondo-type interactions in the presence of crystalline electric field effects.


Ganymede and Callisto, the two giant icy satellites of Jupiter, have very nearly the same size, composition, and location in the solar system, yet their surfaces are profoundly different. A new scenario of their geologic histories indicates that the differences may be only skin deep.


The survival of winter cereal cultivars of contrasting cold hardiness was determined after various modifications of the winter environment at two locations in 3 yr at Ottawa, Ontario. Artificially produced ice covers reduced survival in all cases, and the severest damage was associated with high soil moisture at the time of ice formation. Maintenance of soil temperatures close to zero by replacement of an insulating snow cover over ice increased average survival by about 10% compared with non-insulated plots. Naturally formed ice covers were less damaging than those artificially produced, and in one case formation of an ice cover protected plants from very low air temperatures, resulting in greater survival than in control plots. Total removal of snow in January was severely damaging, while accumulation of snow at a snowfence allowed increased survival of all cultivars. The correlation between cold hardiness and survival in ice treatments was significant, but one wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar show...


Venezuela crude oil was separated into saturates, aromatics, resins, and asphaltenes (SARA) fractions. The sulfur compounds in the crude oil and its SARA fractions were reacted with iodomethane in the presence of silver tetrafluoroborate and converted to methylsulfonium salts. The methylsulfonium salts were characterized by positive-ion electrospray ionization (ESI) and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). The S1, S2, S3, O1S1, O1S2, O2S1, and N1S1 class species were identified in crude oil derived methylsulfonium salts. The molecular composition and mass distribution of sulfur compounds in the subfractions were distinctly different. Small amounts of S1 class species (cyclic-ring sulfides) were present in the saturates fraction. Thiophenic sulfur compounds were dominant in the aromatics fraction. Complex multiheteroatoms (N1Sy, OxSy, and N1OxSy class species) were present in the resins and asphaltenes fractions. The relative abundance plots of double-bond equivalence (D...


Abstract— Two stones that fell near Piplia Kalan on 1996 June 20 are identified as Ca‐rich achondrites belonging to the eucrite group. The conditions of their fall are described. The petrographic description, texture and chemical composition, the elemental ratios, particularly K/La and Yb/Sc, and relatively flat rare‐earth‐element (REE) patterns (6–8× chondrite) of bulk samples without any significant Eu anomaly all agree with the characteristic values found in eucrites. A feldspar‐rich fraction shows a significant positive Eu anomaly. The presence of several different lithologies and clasts indicates that it is a texturally diverse breccia, and the chemical analysis suggests that it belongs to the noncumulate group of eucrites falling in the Nuevo Laredo trend.


This paper describes a novel matched filter (MF) design and its basic operations. The MF is based on the charge-domain operations that have a very simple structure compared to ordinary designs. To investigate the charge transfer characteristics and operations of correlator circuits that compose the MF, prototype designs are made by standard CMOS and fabricated by MOSIS 1.5 u, double overlapping poly, and double metal technology. The power consumption of the fabricated design was 7.0 pJ/Sample/tap. This value should be 1/10 of that of the current state of the art switched capacitor MF design, given that the same process technology was applied to both. Circuit area was 0.151 mm2/tap and this is also 1/2 of that of switched capacitor designs of the same technology. The correlator circuit of the new MF is composed of several steps of charge transfer operations. Hence, no special fabrication process such as those used for CCD imager is required. The detailed structure and operation of the correlator is explained.


Students with and without learning disabilities in high school chemistry classes, either co-taught or self-contained, received instruction on calculating molar conversions using universal design for learning (UDL) or business-as-usual techniques. For Study 1, posttest scores of students with and without learning disabilities (LD) in co-taught classes who received the UDL treatment are compared with peers' scores in the comparison group. For Study 2, posttest scores from students with LD who received UDL treatment in a self-contained special education class are reported. Students in the UDL treatment scored significantly higher on posttests than comparison group peers in Study 1. Mean scores for students with LD in Study 2 were similar to UDL students in Study 1. Social validity feedback on the UDL instruction was positive. Implications for UDL chemistry instruction and future research are described.


In this study, to investigate the effect of long-term performance of energy pile on ground temperature, a numerical analysis was conducted by simulating the ground where an energy pile was installed. In the analysis, a changing distance from the outer perimeter of a heat circulation pipe to the surface of concrete pile for an intermittent operation (8-hour operation, 16-hour stop) was considered. Simulation results showed that long-term heat exchange under the intermittent operation of energy pile reduced a thermal recovery in the ground and increased the ground temperature through the residual thermal energy. In addition, the ground temperature became higher as it got closer to the energy pile and increased as the distance from the outer perimeter of heat circulation pipe to the surface of concrete pile decreased.


Excerpt The present communication is a very preliminary report, essentially a statement of progress on an attempt to sort out the biologically important ingredients of the gastric juice. The import...


A friction force microscope study in ultrahigh vacuum was conducted on an atomically flat SrTiO3(001) surface, where SrO and TiO2 domains were distinguished by the difference in friction force. It is revealed that the friction on the SrO became stronger with water adsorption relative to the TiO2 layer. The selective change in friction is attributed to the chemical reaction occurring on the SrO layer, which is supported by the results of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.


The main objective of this study is to carry out performance analysis and availability maximisation with randomly selected failure and repair rates (FRR) of a Pre-Heat Exchanger (PHE) system of a brewery plant using the particle swarm algorithm. The behavioural analysis of each system is carried out by Markovian method and the schematic diagram of the PHE system represents various components and their connectivity (series/parallel/hybrid) whereas the transition diagram explores various possibilities and combinations of working states of the components i.e. full capacity working (FCW), reduced capacity working (RCW) and failed state (FS). The mathematical equations are formulated using the transition diagrams in order to carry out steady state availability (SSA) and transient state availability (TSA) analysis. The prediction of failure and repair rate to attain maximum availability of a system is done by using Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO) technique. These results are beneficial for plant personnel by steering of failure and repair rates to achieve maximum availability.


Based on the analysis to the logistics process of raw materials in iron and steel industry, this paper formulates a two level mathematical model to its planning problem. At the subordinate level, a shortest path that represents a feasible distribution plan of preparing mixed raw materials for production is determined for each machine after accepting the dual variables from the superior level. At the superior and coordinating level, the transportation and the inventory quantities of raw materials are determined in order to meet the flow conservation. The objective is to minimize the total cost and try to find tradeoff among inventory, transportation and production. Using branch and price algorithm, the model is solved by column generation technique, which means only columns with negative reduced costs are added to the superior level. Heuristic branch and Depth-First-Search are used to find feasible and approximate optimal integer solution as quickly as possible. The small duality gap of numerical experiment indicates the high quality of the obtained solution. This means the solution method is effective.


Abstract : This thesis presents the theory and development involved in the enhancement of EMAG, a 2-D electrostatic and magnetostatic solver, to allow it to solve problems involving rotational symmetry. EMAG 2.0 solves rotationally symmetric problems using discrete forms of the Poisson equations for electrostatics and magnetostatics in cylindrical coordinates. EMAG 2.0 is written entirely in MATLAB script format. It allows users to define electrostatic or magnetostatic problems on a 2-D grid and solve the problem for the potentials at uniformly spaced nodes on the grid. Graphical displays allow the users to visualize contour or mesh plots of potential, vector plots of electric or magnetic fields and to calculate the charge or current enclosed in a user defined region of the grid. The EMAG 2.0 computational grid has a simulated open boundary which is generated by the Transparent Grid Termination (TGT) technique. This boundary is unique to the type of system being solved. This thesis presents and compares two different methods for generating this boundary, one involving a probabilistic model of the system and the other using a direct matrix solution approach. Optimization of the Transparent Grid Termination technique is also explored Electromagnetics, Education, Computer software.


The effects of chemical kinetics and thermal boundary conditions on the stable combustion within a subscale rocket combustor are studied through large-eddy simulations. The combustor considered in the present study is a single element, shear coaxial, GOX/GCH4 subscale rig, which is hosted at the Technische Universität München (TUM). We employ finite-rate kinetics within LES, where we consider three different chemical kinetics with varying level of complexity and two different thermal boundary conditions on the combustion chamber wall to analyze their effects on the features of the reacting flow. Analysis of the instantaneous and time-averaged results indicate that while the effect of chemical kinetics is noticeable due to differences in the predicted value of products temperature, which affects the flow and flame features, the effect of thermal boundary conditions only show marginal differences in the predicted turbulence statistics. Quantitative comparison of the predicted wall pressure and wall heat flux with the experimental data showed that while normalized pressure variation agrees reasonably well, the heat flux is under-predicted in all the cases, which can be attributed to a relatively coarse near-wall grid resolution with no wall model for turbulence and require further investigations.


Premarital fertility is defined as fertility before the first marriage. In South Africa, in 1998, according to the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS), about 65% of women under age 25 had had a premarital birth and close to 39% of all births were premarital. Although the total fertility rate had decreased drastically (down to 2.9), trends showed that premarital fertility was increasing. We investigated the perceptions and attitudes towards late marriage and premarital fertility to understand this phenomenon better, and to inform programmes pertaining to family welfare, reproductive health and HIV and AIDS. In order to understand the increase in premarital fertility in South Africa, the qualitative study focused on the perceptions and attitudes in the Shangaan culture, in Agincourt, a rural area of the Bushbuckridge district. In this society, sexuality, pregnancy and marriage were linked traditionally. Nowadays, parental social control over adolescents has relaxed but premarital births remain stigmatised. Although adolescent fertility has always existed, only recently has it become a social problem because most young mothers are unmarried. The perceptions and attitudes towards premarital fertility reveal social mutations in parental control over adolescent sexuality as well as in moral standards. A majority of persons interviewed expressed negative perceptions towards a birth before first marriage. The reasons varied and included: school drop out for the mother, economic hardship, parental stigmatisation, health risk for the mother because of unprotected sex (STD/HIV), and for the child because of malnutrition (kwashiorkor). Nevertheless, there is an economic rationale behind premarital sexual behaviours. Women hope to get married or create a financial link with the father and to get a child support grant. But most of the time fatherhood is denied and the grant is not perceived which exposes the young mother to many social difficulties.


Probe-tip shape and patch-wiring are two principal probe-card factors that affect wafer yields and wafer sort probing consistency. Experimental data show that average yields increase by 20 dice per wafer when standard probe cards are modified. The two-step process consists of eliminating the patch-wiring (11 dice per wafer) and changing from flat-tip to radius-tip probes (9 dice per wafer). The author discusses the advantages of the radius tip probe over the flat-tip probe. It is shown that the radius tip increases yields and reduces system down time. An average of 20 dice per wafer was obtained using the radius-tip probe cards. The consistency of probing also improved. It is also shown that radius tips do not become flat after a few cleanings, as many probe-card manufacturers claim. The reasons for better results with the radius tip are examined. Proper cleaning techniques, which are different from those recommended for flat tips, are described. Critical probe-card parameters and recommended probe-card configurations are shown.<<ETX>>


When disturbed, Uloborus glomosus either remain in position at the hub of their orb-webs, jump from the web, move to the edge of the web, or shake the web. The time of day influences which of these behaviors is expressed. Spiders tend to jump in the afternoon and the evening but not in the morning. In the morning they tend to move to the edge of the web or remain in position. The tendency to shake the web is approximately the same throughout the day. Ambient temperature appears not to be the principal factor explaining the differences in jumping, moving to the edge, and remaining in position. Historical differences in the activity patterns of various spider predators may have influenced the time-related expression of disturbance behavioral patterns.


About the Author Chris Reed was born a kiwi to English parents in Auckland in 1947. He attended Dilworth School from 1956 to 1964 where his interest in chemistry was undoubtedly stimulated by being entrusted with a key to the high school chemical stockroom. Nighttime experiments with white phosphorus led to the Headmaster administering six of the best. He obtained his BSc (1967), MSc (1st Class Hons., 1968) and PhD (1971) from The University of Auckland, doing thesis research on iridium organotransition metal chemistry with Professor Warren R. Roper FRS. This was followed by two years of postdoctoral study at Stanford University with Professor James P. Collman working on picket fence porphyrin models for haemoglobin. In 1973 he joined the faculty of the University of Southern California, becoming Professor in 1979. After 25 years at USC, he moved to his present position of Distinguished Professor of Chemistry at UC-Riverside to build the Centre for s and p Block Chemistry.


In the following primarily descriptive article, I will place in a historical context developments in the theory of analogy as considered by Lublin Existential Personalism, and will suggest some consequences of this renewed interest in analogy for the philosophy of religion. More specifically, I will deal with some of the ways in which Lublin Existential Personalism has opened up a new field of reflection on the philosophical bases for communities of persons, and how these human communities reveal an aspect of 'creation in the image of God' through their analogical participation in the dynamic of the Trinity. In this consideration, the limits of philosophical debate and the movement into theological discussion will be made evident.


The omnipresence of services offered by diverse applications leads customers to share more and more personal data, among which some are sensitive. Dishonest entities perform inference attacks by querying non-sensitive data in order to deduce the stored sensitive data. Detecting those attacks is still an open problem in a setting where a dishonest entity has access to distinct data controllers' databases containing data collected from the same customer. This problem has been addressed considering a centralized detection system. However, this approach is limited because of this centralized nature where the system protects the customers' privacy at the expense of the data controllers' privacy. Hence, we propose in this article the description of a distributed architecture to detect inference attacks in a multi-database context, while preserving the privacy of both the applications and the customers.


When instruments play together, different partials often overlap in time and frequency. This is particularly likely for harmonic instruments. We present a new method for the separation of overlapping partials in multi-channel mixtures. The method is based on the observation that when a harmonic instrument plays a note, all the partials have similar shapes, i.e. common onset, offset, amplitude and frequency modulation. For narrowband partials, we devise a method to estimate a demixing matrix that can recover the original source partials from the multi-channel mixture where they overlap. The method is computationally efficient in that it works on highly downsampled narrow frequency bands and it performs equally well for closely spaced partials as for crossing partials, e.g., due to frequency modulations such as vibrato effects. It is able to separate partials in mixtures with a high number of overlapping partials, such as two instruments playing notes where the fundamental frequencies are in fifth (3:2) or octave (2:1) relation.


L&W TSO Tester is an ideal tool for process optimization as it allows early action in the headbox, press, and dryer – saving raw material, as well as time. It uses ultrasonic technique to measure Tensile Stiffness Index (TSI) and Tensile Stiffness Orientation (TSO) and the results can be used to predict the performance of paper in; a sheeting process, a multi-colour printing process, laser copying machines, and when manufacturing corrugated board.


We introduce a framework for uncertainty estimation that both describes and extends many existing methods. We consider typical hyperparameters involved in classical training as random variables and marginalise them out to capture various sources of uncertainty in the parameter space. We investigate which forms and combinations of marginalisation are most useful from a practical point of view on standard benchmarking data sets. Moreover, we discuss how some marginalisations may produce reliable estimates of uncertainty without the need for extensive hyperparameter tuning and/or large-scale ensembling.


Nematodes in the bases of lateral root primordia of Glycine max (L.) Merr. caused abnormal vascular connection development. All lateral roots with single infections at their points of origin in the primary root-the sample included 28 specimens from 2.0-25.0 cm in length-were triarch. The control lateral root sample contained one triarch and 36 tetrarch roots. Affected lateral roots had a peculiar orientation of the xylem poles. Up to 600-700 ,um from the infection site the three xylem poles were oriented at 90Q, 900, and 180? angles. Distally the angle between xylem poles shifted to 1200. All control and infected primary roots were tetrarch. Statistical compariso'i of three parameters, root diameter, vascular cylinder diameter, and primary xylem cross-sectional area showed that only xylem cross-sectional area was significantly different between normal tetrarch and affected triarch lateral roots.


The potential of stem cells to replace damaged or malfunctioning tissues has been studied for some time, and recent studies using adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) have shown promise for adult stem cells as a rich, clinically‐relevant population. Our lab has previously determined that the quantity and quality of ADSCs varies depending on patient age and sex, anatomical location of harvest and whether it was a previously treated site with lipoplasty. A clinically‐relevant question is whether method of lipoplasty affects pluripotency of the stem cells. Our lab has shown that harvesting ADSCs using BodyJet and BodyJet with SmartLipo lipoplasty techniques produces a high yield of viable stem cells. Using established plating densities, corrected for stem cell viability measured by flow cytometry, we have reared isolated ADSCs, confirmed by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy, harvested with the BodyJet and BodyJet with SmartLipo techniques. This result suggests that both BodyJet and BodyJet with SmartLipo lipoplasty techniques yield clinically useful ADSC's. Funded, in part, under a grant with the Pennsylvania Department of Health and intramural funds.


Image segmentation is a process, which divide an image into different regions, which are homogeneous in some characteristics. Image segmentation is the initial step in many image processing applications like Pattern recognition and image analysis. Image analysis includes object characterization and representation and feature measurement. Higher order task follows the classification of object. Hence, characterization, visualization of region of interest in any image, delineation plays a significant role in image segmentation. There are many segmentation algorithms available in the literature, which divide an image into number of regions based on some image features like pixel intensity value, color, texture, etc. These all algorithms are categorized based on the segmentation method used. They are Segmentation based on single or multiple thresh holding, Segmentation based on edge detection, Segmentation based on similar region and Segmentation based on clustering, Segmentation based on ANN and fuzzy logic technique etc. In this work, we have chose one algorithm from one segmentation category and implement the algorithm in MATLAB. The chosen algorithms are Otsu's algorithm, K-means, quad tree, Delta E, Region growing and fth algorithms. To check the performance of the algorithms, we have used 6 simple and complex images available in the literature. The obtained results shows the efficacy of the segmentation algorithms.


Under the small distortion condition, material distortion is supposed to obey the Hooke′s law,with the research method of problem of stretch and compression statically indetermination,thestress level on the top of the cross section of the beam caused by horizon counterforce of fixed rocker bar bearing is analysized.Taking joist No.32c with the span of 8 m and even load q=5 kN/m for example, the normal stress of horizon counterforce on the top of the cross section is 0.9174 MPa,and the relative error is 1.7132% with the stress being ignored.This indicates level counterforce of fixed rocker bar bearing has little influence on the beam strength. Therefore,in the project practical application,most beams can be simplified to the simply supported beam and the influence of the horizontal restraint needn't be considered.


A method is presented which can be used for the calculation of the distribution of energy reflected from irregular surfaces. The formulation is useful for the first boundary value problem and can be used in either two‐ or three‐dimensional problems with any given incident field. The solution is reduced to quadrature with negligible error when the average square of the slope of the reflecting surface is small and when the wavelength of the incident radiation is not small compared with the displacement of the surface from its average value. A numerical example is worked, the sinusoidal surface, and is compared with experiment and with a method due to Rayleigh. It is found that the Fourier transform method is preferable to previous methods, notably those which can be classified physical optics (such as Rayleigh's), since the error in the transform method is of second order in the surface slope whereas the error in previous methods is of first order in the same quantity.


HCV infection was the worldwide spread of a serious threat to human health.The pathogenic mechanisms are not yet exactly clear,specific immune response may be closely related;to HCV core protein may also be related to damaged dendritic cell function,or abnomial expression of the HCV virus receptor molecules.Effective means for the prevention and control of HC spread are clinical early diagnosis,timely antiviral therapy.Focuses on the pathogenic mechanisms of HCV infection,reveal the pathogenic mechanism of the existing Institute is a multi-factor,intricately pathological process to be continued,in-depth study and discussion,to effective for the prevention and control of HCV infection,blocking the HC lesion process to provide a theoretical basis,and new ideas to expand its clinical trial research.


It is well known that the generalized Maxwell model and Voigt are very useful for description at the mechainical behaviours of the materials having the distribution of relaxation times or retardation times, as far as the deformation of the materials is one-dimensional and the strain and the strain rate are sufficiently small. In this paper, these two models have been extended so as to be applicable to three-dimensional and nonlinear deformations of initially isotropic materials and two sets of rheological equations corresponding to each of such extended models have been obtained. It has been also shown that, the condition of small deformation being introduced, each of the two sets are reduced to three-dimensional extensions of the corresponding classical equations, and moreover, the three-dimensionaly extended formulas, which are applied to simple elongation, are reduced to the corresponding classical (one-dimensional) equations for the case of simple elongation.


In this paper we propose a new approach for applying Compressed Sensing to Stepped Frequency Continuous Wave SAR measurements. The proposed technique allows the sensor to decide autonomously, while scanning, on the number of samples needed, while assuring a reconstruction quality chosen by the operator. With the online reconstruction algorithm sampling rates far below the bound fixed by the Nyquist-Shannon theorem are achieved. Moreover, to improve further on minimizing the frequency sampling rates, the measurements obtained from previous sensor positions are added as online weighted side information into the reconstruction algorithm. The applicability and excellent performance of the approach is illustrated by a series of experiments on sparsified Through-the-Wall Imaging radar data. I. I NTRODUCTION Over the past decade, Compressed Sensing (CS) has been introduced into a large variety of applications confronted with large data volumes, long measurement times, gapped data or expensive hardware, such as: medical imaging [1], radar imaging [2], spectroscopy [3] and telecommunications [4]. Through-the-Wall Imaging (TWI) radars are emitting wideband signals and using large (synthetic) antenna apertures in order to deliver high resolution images. CS has been proven to offer an effective solution to reduce the number of samples needed to obtain high-resolution images [5], [6], [7]. This new CS sub-Nyquist sampling bound is function of the sparsity or compressibility of the radar image. Through-the -Wall radar data are a hard candidate for CS, since they are polluted with undesired effects, originating from the interaction between the sensing waves and the walls, such as wall ringing, ghost targets and wall-clutter. Lot of effort has gone in suppressing these effects and thereby sparsifying the radar images, for example: spatial filtering [8], singular value decomposition [9] or multipath exploitation [10]. II. CONTRIBUTIONS (1) Previous work on CS applied to TWI radars, published in literature, concentrates on further lowering the subsampling bound and thereby minimizing the required number of samples in range or cross-range direction. These sampling bounds are function of the sparsity or compressibility of the radar image, which implies that the radar operator needs to know or guess the sparsity of the radar image, prior to the measurement, in order to be able to obtain the image from a minimum number of samples. The work in this paper leverages this chickenor-egg problem by using a sequential reconstruction approach allowing to determine an upper bound for the reconstruction error. In other words, the operator needs now to decide on the desired reconstruction quality instead of guessing the sparsity of the unknown image. (2) The online algorithm proposed in this work reconstructs the subsampled signal in range direction taking advantage of the similarity between the signal at the current scanning position and the signals obtained from previous SAR positions. Indeed, if the sensor moves parallel to the wall, the contributions in the signal due to the presence of the wall, can be assumed to show a high degree of similarity over the different scanning positions. This similarity is exploited by adding the previous reconstructed range signals as weighted Side Information (SI) into the CS minimization equation. III. B ACKGROUND A. Compressed Sensing Supposex ∈ C to be the unknown vector which needs to be reconstructed. To do so, x is sensed by applying the sensing matrix A ∈ Cn×N , resulting inn linear measurements: y = Ax. (1) The solution,x̂, of this set of equations is unique only if n = N . CS theory states [11] [12] that x can be reconstructed correctly, under certain conditions [13] [14], with high probability when n << N if x happens to be sparse, i.e. x has k non-zero elements (withk << N ), by solving the following minimization problem: min ‖x‖l0 s.t. ‖Ax − y‖l2 ≤ , (2) which can be relaxed to the convex optimization problem: min ‖x‖l1 s.t. ‖Ax − y‖l2 ≤ . (3) Suppose that the sparsity of x is not the only prior knowledge available and suppose z to be a vector sharing a high degree of similarity withx. This extra prior knowledge can be added as SI to the minimization equation [15]: min x { 1 2 ‖Ax − y‖2l2 + λ(‖x‖l1 + ‖x − z‖l1)}. (4) Which can be extrapolated to a weighted nl1 problem with J SIs zj [16] : min x { 1 2 ‖Ax − y‖2l2 + λ J ∑ j=0 βj(‖Wj(x − zj)‖l1)}, (5) with inter-SI weights βj between the J SIs and Wj = diag(wj1, wj2, ..., wjn) with wij the inter-SI weights. B. Sequential Compressed Sensing Supposex̂ to be the CS reconstruction of the vector x after takingM linear measurements. We will now establish a strategy to estimate a bound for the reconstruction error δ = x̂ − x, (6) by adding a few ( T ) new samples: yi with 1 ≤ i ≤ T to the existing set ofM samples [17]. For each new sample, a deviation error zi: zi = ŷi − yi, (7) can be calculated between the actual true sample yi and an estimationŷi of the sample obtained by performing a synthetic measurement of̂ x : ŷi = A(i, :)x̂ M . (8) The deviation errors can thus be expressed as: zi = A(i, :)δ, 1 ≤ i ≤ T (9) and are i.i.d. from a distribution with a variance equal to ‖δ‖22 V ar(A(i, j)) [17] . If V ar(A(i, j)) = 1, then‖δ‖ 2 2 can be obtained through estimating the variance of the T deviation errors. Define: ZT , ∑ T z 2 i ‖δ‖22 , (10) which is a χ random variable withT degrees of freedom. For a small valueα, the largestz∗ can be obtained through the χT cumulative function such that p(ZT ≤ z ∗) ≤ α. This means thatδ is bounded by √∑ T z 2 i z∗ with a probability of 1 − α. C. Through-the-Wall Radar Imaging The TWI sensor used for the experiments is a SteppedFrequency Continuous Wave (SFCW) SAR emitting L discrete frequencies:


PURPOSE: A social networking system using an e-book and a method thereof are provided to enable plural people to share e-books in a field of interest in online and record opinions on the shared e-books in a memo format. CONSTITUTION: A user performs sign-up or log-in(S300). The user joins a previously opened book club or opens new book club by selecting an e-book in a list(S310). The user notifies the joining of the book club or the opening of the new book club to other members(S320). The user writes comments for showing an opinion while reading the selected e-book in the book club(S330).


The processor has access to m different b-bit memory cells (where m = 100 and b = 2000), which are called registers, and are numbered from 0 to m − 1. We denote the registers by r[0], r[1],... , r[m − 1]. Each register is an array of b bits, numbered from 0 (the rightmost bit) to b− 1 (the leftmost bit). For each i (0 ≤ i ≤ m − 1) and each j (0 ≤ j ≤ b− 1), we denote the j-th bit of register i by r[i][j].


We propose a solution that provides protection for patients' electronic health/medical records disseminated among different authorized healthcare information systems. The solution is known as Active Bundles using a Trusted Third Party (ABTTP). It is based on the use of trusted third parties, and the construct named active bundles. The latter keep electronic health/medical records as sensitive data; include metadata with information describing sensitive data and prescribing their use; and encompass a virtual machine (VM), which controls and manages how its active bundle behaves. An essential task of the VM is enforcement of the privacy and other policies specified by metadata. We also propose enhancements to the ABTTP scheme. They include adding to ABTTP an algorithm finding the degree of privacy policy inclusion between two privacy policies, and a scheme, known as Agent-Based Active Bundles, which replaces trusted third parties with intelligent agents.


Primary cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL) 1 are characterized by cutaneous clonal accumulation of T cells. Mycosis fungoides (MF) is the most common subtype. MF typically progresses slowly from early patch-plaque stage to advanced forms with tumours, erythroderma, and eventually nodal/visceral involvement. Sézary syndrome is characterized by leukemic involvement, lymphadenopathy and erythroderma 2 .


The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship among the activities of the key enzymes involved in starch synthesis and the fine structure of amylopectin in non-waxy and waxy types of wheat. Amylose, amylopectin, and starch accumulation increased continuously after anthesis and increased as a sigmoid curve during the grain filling stage. The accumulation rates showed single-peak curves and all reached their peaks at 20 days after anthesis (DAA). Adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPP), soluble starch synthase (SSS), granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS), and starch-branching enzyme (SBE) activities each showed a single-peak curve during grain filling and peaked at 20 to 25 DAA. A significantly positive or positive correlation was observed between the amylose, amylopectin, and starch accumulation rates and the activities of the aforementioned enzymes. Different amylopectin chain contents changed continually during grain development and varied differently between the two types of wheat. Moreover, the AGPP, SSS, GBSS, and SBE activities exhibited a close correlation with the different chains of amylopectin. The result shows that starch biosynthesis depends on the coordinated effects of the said enzymes. The SSS activity was earlier detected and had an activity level higher than that of GBSS at the early grain filling stage. Moreover, amylose was not found at 5 DAA, while amylopectin had already appeared. Based on the results, amylopectin synthesis is suggested to precede amylose synthesis.

 Key words: Common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), Key enzyme, Starch synthesis, Amylopectin structure.


This paper presents the design and measurement of a 1 – 6 GHz GaN MMIC power amplifier module. The MMIC PAs and power combiner are fabricated on 100µm silicon carbide using Qorvo's QGaN25 released process. A two-stage non-uniform distributed power amplifier with an output transformer is implemented as the core amplifier to achieve excellent power, PAE and bandwidth. Two core amplifiers are combined in parallel within the package module using a separately realized power combiner die, which is also used as the input splitter. The integrated power amplifier package module produces 42.7 – 60.3 W of CW output power over the 1 – 6 GHz band with 30.4 - 42.9 % PAE and 23.3 – 24.8 dB gain using a 32 V supply voltage all within a 15.24 mm × 15.24 mm footprint.


Abstract Background: Varicose veins (VVs) are a major chronic venous disease, yet the underlying mechanisms are unclear. This disorder is characterized by progressive architectural remodeling of the vessel wall. Recent studies have focused on the role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the pathogenesis of VVs. Aim of Study: The present study was assigned to demon-strate the morphologic and morphometric changes in the wall of VVs and to correlate these changes with the expression of MMP-1 and MMP-9. Material and Methods: A total number of 18 human long saphenous vein samples (8 normal and 10 VVs) were included in the study. The specimens were processed and examined histologically using hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome and orcein, together with immunohistochemistry for alpha smooth muscle actin (Eo-SMA). The mRNA expression of MMP-1 and MMP-9 was analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Quantitative morphometric measure-ments were carried out by the image analyzer. Results: The wall of VVs showed damaged endothelial surface, interrupted internal elastic lamina and numerous vasa vasora. There was significant increase in intima and media thickness compared to normal veins. Significant increase in the mean collagen area percent and decrease in elastin area percent was also observed. The mean area percent of Eo-SMA immunostaining and count of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) showed significant increase, indicating SMCs hypertrophy and hyperplasia, while the optical density of Eo-SMA immu-nostaining decreased. These changes were associated with significant increase in mRNA expression of MMP-1 and MMP-9. Conclusion: Varicose veins showed marked disorganiza-tion in all components of the vessel wall (collagen, elastin and SMCs). The associated increase in mRNA expression of MMPs might be one of the molecular mechanisms underlying vascular remodeling.


This study is undertaken to verify the application of Ricardian Equivalence Hypothesis (REH) for Nepal by using annual time-series data covering from 1975 to 2019. The study employs Augmented Dickey–Fuller unit root test, Engel Granger causality test, the long run multiple regression model, Error correction model (ECM) in estimating the systems equations to examine the objectives of the study. From the perspective of this study, the empirical findings demonstrated that the Ricardian Equivalence Hypothesis (REH) doesn't hold for Nepal invalidating the proposition of the Ricardian Hypothesis.


Issues related to public education in preparation for a manned Mars program are discussed. Consideration is given to the near- and long-term goals of the space program, the benefits of human expansion in space, and long-range planning for fundamental problem areas in space education. Important concerns for space educators are outlined.


Abstract This article reports on data describing the classroom language environments in the classrooms which the children in the Home-School Study of Language and Literacy Development attended when they were three and four years old. Sources of data for this article include: (a) a teacher interview; (b) a curriculum check list; and (c) spontaneous conversations of the children which were audiotaped throughout the morning-long observation. This article reports on the coding and analysis process applied to this data, and the correlations among the resulting variables. The school environments of the same three children as in the previous article are profiled as well.


Direct-band-gap Germanium-Tin alloys (Ge1-xSnx) with high carrier mobilities are promising materials for nano- and optoelectronics. The concentration of open volume defects in the alloy, such as Sn and Ge vacancies, influences the final device performance. In this article, we present an evaluation of the point defects in molecular-beam-epitaxy (MBE)- grown Ge1-xSnx films treated by post-growth nanosecond-range pulsed laser melting (PLM). Doppler broadening - variable energy positron annihilation spectroscopy (DB-VEPAS) and variable energy positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (VE-PALS) are used to investigate the defect nanostructure in the Ge1-xSnx films exposed to increasing laser energy density. The experimental results, supported with ATomic SUPerposition (ATSUP) calculations, evidence that after PLM, the average size of the open volume defects increases, which represents a raise in concentration of vacancy agglomerations, but the overall defect density is reduced as a function of the PLM fluence. At the same time, a finger print of dislocations and Ge vacancies decorated by Sn is emerging from the positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS) analysis. Moreover, it is shown that the PLM reduces the strain in the layer, while dislocations are responsible for trapping of Sn and formation of small Sn-rich-clusters.


k1 f (s) ds < ∞, where k1 is any positive constant. The function u0(ξ) ∈ C([0, a]) for some constant α ∈ (0, 1) is positive for ξ > 0 such that u0 (0) = 0 and u′0 (a) = 0. Existence of a unique classical solution u is shown. A criterion for u to blow up in a finite time τb, and an upper bound for τb are given. Using a lower solution and an upper solution, we investigate conditions on u0(ξ), q and f (u) such that either u blows up completely or the blow-up occurs only at the point x = a.


Book reviewed in this article:

Michigan's new child custody law is examined in terms of its meaning and its application by the courts, and the general relationship of laws, courts and behavioral scientists to the resolution of custody disputes is explored. The authors urge development of innovative programs that will maximize chances of properly assessing the "best interests of the child." An existing program involving judges, lawyers, and behavioral scientists is described.


Four Stirling cycle mechanical refrigerators are continuing to provide cooling to two gamma ray detector instruments after over 860 days in orbit. These units were developed jointly by North American Philips Laboratories and the Johns Hopkins University/Applied Physics Laboratory and placed into orbit on 24 February 1979 aboard the P78-1 spacecraft. The four units have demonstrated between 4,700 to over 16,000 hours of unattended operation and represent a major breakthrough in the lifetime capability of mechanical refrigerators.


The article deals with the issue of the linguistic world picture as the reflection of national mentality and analyzes its interpretation in modern linguistics. The correlation between the notions of world picture and linguistic world picture is drawn attention to. The conceptual attributes characterizing the notion of the linguistic world picture are systematized. Ways of its interpreting by modern researches are described. Special attention is paid to research of such notion as cultural codes composing system of coordinates by means of which cultural patterns are formed and kept in our consciousness. The major component of cultural code is ethnical language which is not just a means of culture description but first of all semiotic quintessence of the culture itself. Mentality as a general category of philosophy is connected with cognitive and culturological conceptions of perception, spirituality and concept. The author distinguishes the notions of language and speech consciousness. Descriptive and analytic methods are employed.


In this article, we present an integer sequence approach to solve the classic water jugs problem. The solution steps can be obtained easily by additions and subtractions only, which is suitable for manual calculation or programming by computer. This approach can be introduced to secondary and undergraduate students, and also to teachers and lecturers involved in teaching mathematical problem solving, recreational mathematics, or elementary number theory.


Classical Athens was a model of democratization and development. Over the course of the 5 th and 4th centuries BCE, Athens enjoyed a democracy that grew increasingly participatory and truly saw 'rule of the people'. The democracy preserved political and legal equality, fostered cooperation and collective action, and promoted public accountability. During this time, on a wide variety of economic, social and cultural measures, Athens became the pre-eminent city-state (polis) in the classical period. Moreover, Athens enacted paradigmatic policies to combat bribery: short (one-year) terms in office, officials selected primarily through lottery, frequent monitoring of officials' behavior, collegial not monopolistic authority, effectively little discretion for magistrates, and oppressively high penalties for bribery (ten times the amount of the bribe or, more often, disfranchisement or death). Despite these textbook anti-bribery reforms, by all accounts bribery appears to have been commonplace in Athens. How could this be? Why were Athens' reforms ineffective? And how could Athens succeed so much if it had so much corruption? This paper addresses both of these questions and attempts thereby to complicate our understanding of the relationship between bribery and democratization, bribery and development. As I argue, Athens' reforms were 'ineffective' because the Athenians frequently used the courts for overtly political purposes; to this extent, they did not have a principle of the 'rule of law', on which contemporary anti-bribery reforms are premised. Ineffective legislation, however, proved a boon to the Athenian democracy. With commonplace bribery and frequent bribery trials, the Athenians created institutions that aimed not to minimize bribery, but to harness it for the good of the community. I detail three ways in which regular bribery trials and the practice of bribery could have strengthened the Athenian democracy: bribery trials could be used to rethink collectively what 'democracy' should look like; bribery could act as a touchstone for political innovation; and bribery could be used to forge new, more democratic political technologies.


This paper describes the new service model of the library,that is,library service should meet the user demands and provide various and convenient services with network facilities for the public.Besides book collection,the modern library has to provide better services to the user,taking advantage of the library resources.


Saudi Arabia is a large country that includes many large cities; the second largest city is Jeddah. Like many other cities worldwide, Jeddah contains significant areas that were established as unplanned settlements. According to the definition of the United Nations (UN) many of Jeddah's unplanned settlements have been classified as slums. However, some of these unplanned settlements have strategic location near the center of Jeddah, and present great potentials as a new urban quarter. Four distinctive areas were the subject of the upgrading studies conducted by Jeddah Municipality. These are Khozam district, Bani-Malik district, Al-Boghdadiyah District, and Al-Ruwais district. This study focuses on assessing the physical condition of the built environment of Al-Ruwais district as well as to investigate the common problems of the residents such as buildings problems, infrastructure problems, and social problems. It also intends to give an overview for the suggested developing programs for the rebuilding of Al-Ruwais district by the Jeddah Municipality. The main objective of the study is to identify ways in which interventions aimed at delivering services to the low-income residents can be better designed and targeted, as well as to define set of recommendations for future unplanned settlements upgrading.


For openness and autonomy of online education,this paper gives an algorithm of automation generating paper,which takes a knowledge as core.Based on the analysis of hierarchical structure of the test questions pool and attributes of the datasheets,with the topic average difficulty coefficient,the topic sum as the main control objective,the algorithm includes condition questions as a major topic screening knowledge point,choose questions,classify by the value of difficulty,organize test paper,and apply strategy to optimize results.The experiments show that the algorithm is very good in its efficiency,its rate of success and cover of knowledge points.


We study the nonequilibrium transport through a multichannel Kondo quantum dot in the presence of a magnetic field. We use the exact solution of the two-loop renormalization group equation to derive analytical results for the $g$ factor, the spin relaxation rates, the magnetization, and the differential conductance. We show that the finite magnetization leads to a coupling between the conduction channels, which manifests itself in additional features in the differential conductance.


A total 178 housewives in Gyoungnam province were surveyed with regard to branded pork purchasing behavior. The results of this study suggest the existence of income and age differences in attitudes toward branded pork. Based on the collected survey data, income level plays a significant role in the information/perception channel (p


On the insemination of the sea urchin eggs, IIemicentrotbls Pulcherrimus, the effects of the modified spermatozoa were investigated. In the cases where the eggs were inseminated with the spermatozoa treated with the all<aline sea water, pH 9.2, abnormally cleavaged eggs increased. In these abnormal eggs there seems to be a pretty number of the polyspermic eggs. From the insemination with the low-Ca""-treated spermatozoa a somewhat increase of the abnormal eggs resulted. In the cases of the insemination with the spermatozoa treated with uranyl nitrate solution an increase of the abnormal eggs did not result from the first insemination with the modified sperm, but from the second insemination. These results show a possibility that those treatments of the spermatozoa affect in an early process of fertilization. As to the results of these experiments, effects of treatments of the spermatozoa were discussed with a relation to the acrosome reaction of the spermatozoa. Introdiuction It has been well known that the polyspermY resulted frequently from the various treatments of the sea urchin eggs. We have fairly known the many factors of polyspermy-formation in the fertilization of sea urchin eggs2,6,iO,ii). Of these factors, some ones possi611y induce the polyspermy with the treatment of the sperm alone not involving the eggs. The polyspermy occurring in the insemination of the modified spermatozoa was first reported by AMoRoso & PARKEs in rabbit's eggi). Polyspermy was also found in the insemination of the eggs of a echuroid worm, Urechis unicinctus, with the modified spermatozoa8). According to KoENuMA, an increase of poly72 AKIRA KOENUMA spermic cleavaged eggs of a sea urchin resulted from the insemination of the spermatozoa treated with acidified sea water, pH 7. 19). Jt is quite interesting to investigate whether the polyspermic cleavage of sea urchin eggs increases with different treatments of the sperm. The presen't work is an attempt to find the more effective treatment of the spermatozoa for the polyspermy-induction in a sea urchin other than that with an acidified sea water. ]Vffaterial aRdi Methods The experiments were made by using the eggs of sea urchin, Hemicentrotus Pulcherrimus, which were obtained near the marine biological station of Misaki, Kanagawa. Eggs were collected by the spawing caused from the treatment with KCI solution. Spermatozoa were obtained from the gonads removed from male animals. Insemination was carried ottt by the method previously mentioned9). The sperm concentration used in the insemination was 10-4 of the "dry" sperm. To deprive of.the fertilization membrane, the eggs were filtered through the double cheese cloth sheets 2 minutes after the insemination. About 75 % of the eggs was deprived of the fertilization membrane by means of this method. Statistical test was made by using more than two hundreds eggs in each experiment. In the cases of the eggs deprived of fertilization membrane, only the eggs succesfully deprived of membrane were observed. Eggs were observed at the first cleaval stage. A room temperature during the course of this experiment showed the range between 90C and 120C. ExperixifeeRtal Resuks 1. insemination with the sPermatozoa treated zvith allealine sea zvater. The cleavages of the sea urchin eggs inseminated with the spermatozoa treated with alkaline sea water were observed. Alkaline sea water was prepared from the addition of a proper volume of the diluted sodium hydroxide solution, and its pH was 9. 2. Before the insemination the treatment was carried out by means of the dilution of the "dry" sperm with 100 volumes of alkaline sea water. The duration of the. treatment was about 25 seconds. After the treatment of spermatozoa, the one volume of sperm suspension was mixed with 100 volumes of egg suspension of the normal sea water. Thus the ultimate density of the spermatozoa at the insemination became 10-` of the initial density of the "dry" sperm. When the intact eggs were inseminated with such density of the intact spermatozoa, the fertilization membrane occurred in 99-100 % of the eggs. 94.5% of those eggs cleavaged normally. The result was present in table 1, where the following facts were shown. Insemination with the modified spermatozoa on the sea urclin eggs Table 1, Results of the insemination with the modified spermatozoa treated with the alkaline sea water, pH 9.2, in the eggs of the sea urchin, Hl3micentrottts Pulcherrimus. " 73 Treatments of eggs Cleavage of eggs 1 st. Insemlnatlon cleprival of F. M. treatment with Na-K mlxture 2 nd. Insemlnatlon uncleavaged normal eggs eggs (%) (%) abnormal eggs (%) sW sw sw sW sw sw sw alk


The synthesis of lysine analogues wherein blocking groups are substituted at position 5, the site of hydroxylation by peptidyl lysine hydroxylase, is described. Thus, 5,5-difluorolysine (1) and 5,5-dimethylysine (2) were synthesized via a four- and six-step sequence, respectively, starting from ketone precursors. The propensity for these lysine analogues to be incorporated into procollagen protein in vivo was assessed by their ability to stimulate the lysine-dependent ATP-PPi exchange reaction in the presence of lysyl-tRNA ligase in vitro. The difluoro analogue 1 stimulated exchange, but at a Km (1.3 X 10(-3) M) 1000 times greater than that for lysine itself. The dimethyl analogue 2 did not stimulate exchange, but at high concentrations was a competitive inhibitor of lysine, with an apparent Ki of 1.6 X 10(-2) M. Thus, electronegative and/or bulky substituents at the 5 position of lysine cannot be tolerated by lysyl-tRNA ligase, and this position must be kept free in lysine analogues specifically designed to block collagen biosynthesis.


This report is a call to policy makers and concerned citizens to use this talisman, to redeem the pledges made by the Constituent Assembly and to recognise the fact that the numbers and proportions of those in poverty are so large and the extent of chronic poverty so high that this represents the biggest development challenge facing India. As such, the fight to end chronic poverty, to strengthen ways to escape it and to prevent entry into it must be placed at the top of the policy agenda. URL: [http://www.chronicpoverty.org/uploads/publication_files/India%20Chronic%20Poverty%20Report.pdf].


[1] We examine the relative importance of regional wind forcing and teleconnections by an oceanic pathway for impact on interannual ocean circulation variability in the Gulf of Alaska. Any additional factors that contribute to this variability, such as freshwater forcing from river runoff, are disregarded. The study is based on results from numerical simulations, sea level data from tide gauge stations, and sea surface height anomalies from satellite altimeter data. At the heart of this investigation is a comparison of ocean simulations that include and exclude interannual oceanic teleconnections of an equatorial origin. Using lagged correlations, the model results imply that 70–90% of the interannual coastal sea level variance in the Gulf of Alaska can be related to interannual sea levels at La Libertad, Equador. These values are higher than the corresponding range from sea level data, which is 25–55%. When oceanic teleconnections from the equatorial Pacific are excluded in the model, the explained variance becomes about 20% or less. During poleward propagation the coastally trapped sea level signal in the model is less attenuated than the observed signal. In the Gulf of Alaska we find well-defined sea level peaks in the aftermath of El Nino events. The interannual intensity of eddies in the Gulf of Alaska also peaks after El Nino events; however, these maxima are less clear after weak and moderate El Nino events. The interannual variations in eddy activity intensity are predominantly governed by the regional atmospheric forcing.


We describe the design of an oversampling single-flux-counting analog-to-digital converter with the estimated bandwidth of a few tens of MHz, based on Rapid Single-Flux-Quantum (RSFQ) devices. It consists of an input analog circuit, high-speed quantizer with an original analog/digital negative feedback loop, decimation (comb) filter, and supporting subsystems including clock distribution circuits, quantization signal conditioner, and output drivers. We have applied a new approach, the 'symmetrizing' negative feedback, to free the quantizer from the intrinsic hysteresis without dynamic range sacrifice. The 16-bit version of the system comprises about 1,500 Josephson junctions and consumes 1.2 mW of DC power, when implemented using Nb-trilayer technology with 1 kA/cm/sup 2/, 3.5 /spl mu/m Josephson junctions. All subsystems of the converter have been successfully tested and testing of the system as a whole is in progress.<<ETX>>


This article is devoted to the analysis of marketing features of IT companies, particularly startups. The field of developing innovative and digital products is evolving rapidly, and marketing tools in this industry are constantly being updated. Key stages and factors influencing the creation of a startup's marketing strategy have been identified. A description of the startup's lifecycle is provided, along with examples of successful launches of innovative products. Definitions of the terms MVP (minimum viable product) and pivot and their significance for a startup's marketing strategy are formulated. Development strategies for startups are proposed based on different stages of the lifecycle. Marketing startups have their own peculiarities compared to marketing for more stable and well-established companies. Startups often have limited budgets and resources, which requires marketers to adopt a more creative and efficient approach. The differences in startup marketing compared to traditional marketing include explaining the essence of the innovative idea to the target audience; conducting marketing research for an idea that may not yet exist in a tangible form; developing marketing strategies based on the industry-specific nature of the product or the presence of invested capital; utilizing marketing tools according to the stages of the startup's lifecycle. The uniqueness of the startup lifecycle lies in the need to focus on executing a development plan at each stage to attract funding from investors and ensure successful company growth. If consumers show little interest in the product, the startup must change its strategy, completely revamp the concept, and make a pivot. MVP is a product development strategy where developers create a minimum viable product that allows them to test the hypothesis of its market success and receive feedback from the target audience. The proposed marketing strategies for startups are divided into three conditional categories: independent operation with minimized influence on management, acceleration for scaling, and revival of a failed launch; incubation of the startup with significant authority in financial and marketing policies transferred to business mentors, agents, or incubators.


The premise that negligence faulty establishes is that a behavior person should to foresee own behavior that may result in the social endangers. What should foresee include behavior the duty to foresee, the ability to foresee etc. Among them, how to affirm the ability to foresee is a focus in criminal law educational.Now, there primarily are three theories: subjective theory, objective theory and compromised theory. But these three theories can't satisfactorily solute the behavior the ability to foresee .I believe in that if we want to solve the problem, we only comprehend the ability to foresee as a modified subjective standard that is to expel the behavior personality blemish which a person shouldn't have.


The most startling examples of collective animal behaviour are provided by very large and cohesive groups moving in three dimensions. Paradigmatic examples are bird flocks, fish schools and insect swarms. However, because of the sheer technical difficulty of obtaining 3D data, empirical studies conducted to date have only considered loose groups of a few tens of animals. Moreover, these studies were very seldom conducted in the field. Recently the STARFLAG project achieved the 3D reconstruction of thousands of birds under field conditions, thus opening the way to a new generation of quantitative studies of collective animal behaviour. Here, we review the main technical problems in 3D data collection of large animal groups and we outline some of the methodological solutions adopted by the STARFLAG project. In particular, we explain how to solve the stereoscopic correspondence - or matching - problem, which was the major bottleneck of all 3D studies in the past.


In the paper the high-speed landslides of Guizhou are related by the actual examples, the existence of the high-speed landslides in Guizhou is confirmed and their identified ways are accounted. Human activities give rise to the high-speed landslides of Yankou at Yinjiang; the high-speed landslides occurred at Dongtoushang of Hezhang, Shuiqing of Panxian, as well as Anjiazhai and Hualuzhai of Dafang are due to the natural origin, thereby ascertaining the geology and geomorphic setting in the high-speed landslides of Guizhou. The cognition of the high-speed landslides is vital in hazard forecast because it is directly related to the removed route of slide-blocks and the destroyed areas.