Orestias ascotanensis Parenti 1984, is a small native fish found in isolated freshwater pools at Salar de Ascotan. Other Orestias are found in freshwater lakes in the Altiplano to the north, separated by hundreds of kilometers of desert. The distribution of fish in the Salar is limited by freshwater availability and thus the populations are located within very short extension (less than I 000 m) on each spring and pool. The fish apparently arrived at Ascotan during a high stand at the last glacial maximum (LGM, -17 ka) of Lake Minchin, which filled the internal drainage of the Altiplano. During Holocene time, with drier climate, the Ascotan pools have been maintained by groundwater flow which includes recharge from the Ascotan topographic basin and from recharge in PastRs Grandes Caldera, a Miocene-Pliocene ignimbrite center at higher elevation to the east. Such hydrogeologic features create a permanent water supply allowing the preservation of a unique landscape and biota including the small and very isolated populations of Orestias.


In any production environment, managing demand variability is a delicate balancing act. Firms must constantly weigh potential obsolescence costs of unused inventory (should sales not materialize) against potential expedite costs or lost sales (should demand outpace available inventory). For build-to-order manufacturers such as Dell, the balancing act is even more challenging. While it offers a wide array of products, Dell does not hold its safety stock in the form of finished goods inventory. Instead, safety stock is held as parts inventory, sitting in supplier-owned supplier logistics centers. As a result, supplier stocking decisions may impact Dell's ability to respond to forecast variability. Other factors, such as globalization, product proliferation, and geo-manufacturing, all magnify the impact variability has on the forecasting process. This thesis discusses two methods of dealing with demand variability. First, it examines the potential application of statistical modeling techniques to the part-level forecasting process. In particular, it looks at the use of time series models to forecast part-level demand. While the results did not merit a recommendation to utilize time series forecasts across the board (in lieu of the current process), certain supplemental applications of such forecasts would benefit Dell. Second, it examines how hedging is currently utilized as a means to account for demand variability. While beneficial to Dell on the surface, a consistent hedge to the forecast is potentially detrimental to its vendor relationships. It has the direct impact of driving excess inventory onto the books of its vendors and it has the indirect impact of higher per part costs to Dell. It also exposes Dell to part shortages due to supplier decommits. To help counter these effects, the thesis identifies potential changes to the hedging process that Dell should consider. Thesis Supervisor: David E. Hardt Title: Professor of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Systems Thesis Supervisor: Roy E. Welsch Title: Professor of Statistics and Management Science Marshall Einhorn LFM Thesis 2007 Page 3 of 61 This page intentionally left blank Marshall Einhorn LFM Thesis 2007 Page 4 of 61 I would like to thank everyone I worked with at Dell during the course of my internship. I had a tremendous experience working on this project and at Dell and it was primarily due to the great people I met. In particular, I'd like to thank my manager, Kevin Jones, for all his guidance and support during my six months in Austin. I learned a great dealfrom Kevin and owe my smooth transition into Dell to him. Jennifer Felch and Maggie Moore were also quite instrumental in this regard. I'd like to thank the rest of the Demand/Supply Tools and Processes team for their support and patience in answering my numerous questions throughout the internship: Sam Green, Jason Roberts, Joe Burnett, and JJLee. Ted Vanderlaan also taught me a lot about Dell's supply chain. I'd also like to thank Clark Ponthier and Annette Clayton for their support of the internship project and the LFM program as a whole. I would like to thank my two faculty advisors, Roy Welsch and Dave Hardt, both for their visits to Austin (in the middle of the summer!) as well as their support from afar over the course of the internship. I would like to acknowledge the Leaders for Manufacturing Program for its support of this work. I would like to thank the administration of the LFM program and my LFM and Sloan classmates. My two years in Cambridge were very formative, primarily because of the relationships I built at MIT. I emerge from LFM knowing a whole lot more than when I came in. I would like to thank my parents, Henry and Florrie, and my brothers, Ted and Jay, and their families, for their constant support and encouragement over the years. Finally, I would like to thank my wife, Deborah, and our daughter, Elana. More than anyone else, Deb bore the burden of these last couple years and of this thesis in particular. I look forward to returning the favor on her dissertation! Marshall Einhorn LFM Thesis 2007 Page 5 of 61 This page intentionally left blank Marshall Einhorn LFM Thesis 2007 Page 6 of 61


This study aimed to establish the relationship between the eggs of Neoleucinodes elegantalis in fruits with adults caught in sexual pheromone traps and evaluate the infestation influence in the tomato crop production to improve the decisionmaking control based on the density of adults caught in those traps. Commercial tomato crops, Lycopersicon esculentum, were divided into plots for the installation of traps. With the frequency of twice per week it was evaluated the density of adults caught and infestation of plants with eggs in fruit. The study was conducted between 2003 and 2007 seasons for crops in summer and winter cycles. The evaluations were conducted until the end of harvesting and it was defined the production. The control of the pest was carried out when the infestation reached 5% of plants with eggs on fruits. The population of N. elegantalis was more significant in summer cycle crops and during the stages of maturation and harvesting. The increase of the males number caught in the sexual pheromone traps corresponded to an increase in the infestation of eggs on fruits and there was positive influence of the infestation of plants in relation to the production. The installation of the traps must precede the flowering stage and the control should occurs in about eight days after the catch average of 0.24 and 0.23 adult per trap per day for the summer and winter cycles, respectively.


A flexible corrugated metal foil or a multilayer metal foil structure can be obtained by laminating a metal foil layer (1) (10) processed into a corrugated shape, and then the metal foil layer (26) is pressed, so that the respective folding each cover layer in the form of respective layers to the method of interlocked together is manufactured. Such multilayer metal foil corrugated interlocking connection structure may be used as heat shields in cars and noise barriers, equipment, structures, and other aspects. Such metal sheet or metal foil layer can comprise projections (7) or other shape, to the rear portion of each layer is processed into corrugated and interlocked together, form a gap therebetween.


The article relates Ch'an Buddhism, to Western thought via the philosophy of Spinoza, in particular through the concept of substance. It shows that Spinoza abandoned this concept as a fundamental metaphysical one. The consequent reuse of 'substance' requires a re‐examination of the concepts of property and identity. It is seen that Spinoza made this drastic break with Western tradition by experiencing egolessness, the psychological basis for his metaphysical moves. The move is illustrated by the development of quantum physics. Egolessness and a rethinking of identity are basic to a feeling for, if not an understanding of, Ch'an Buddhism.


AIM To verify the assisting effect of berberine (BR) of its antiplatelet rich plasma clot retraction effect on different plasminogen activator induced thrombolyses.METHOD There were test group and control group. In the former group, different concentrations of BR were added to separate test tubes. And different plasminogen activators were separately added to the test tubes of both groups. Finally the specific hydrolytic product of fibrin D Dimer was determined by ELISA method. RESULT Thrombolytic activities of both PAs were greatly enhanced by BRs clot retraction inhibition. And the thrombolytic effect by UK was greater than that by SK. CONCLUSION For rescuing the patients with coronary or cerebral thrombosis, if an antiplatelet drug with anticlot retraction activity is used within 6 h, a faster and more thoroughly thrombolytic effect by PA may occur.


We identified large‐scale heteroplasmic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) rearrangements in a 50–year‐old woman with an adult‐onset progressive myopathy. The predominant mtDNA abnormality was a 21.2–kb duplicated molecule. In addition, a small population of the corresponding partially deleted 4.6–kb molecule was detected. Skeletal muscle histology revealed fibers that were negative for cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity and had reduced mtDNA‐encoded COX subunits. By single‐fiber polymerase chain reaction analysis, COX‐negative fibers contained a low number of wild‐type or duplicated mtDNA molecules (ie, nondeleted). In situ hybridization demonstrated that the abnormal fibers contained increased amounts of mtDNA compared with normal fibers and that most of the genomes were deleted. We concluded that deleted mtDNA molecules were primarily responsible for the phenotype in this patient.


Statistical habitat models give quantitative descriptions of species-habitat relationships by analysing records of environmental conditions and species incidence by means of logistic regression or other techniques. The most useful model in a given situation is usually unknown a priori. Several data-driven, computer-intensive methods exist to automatically t a large number of candidate models to the data and to select the 'best' one of these. Recent research in medical statistics suggests that these selection methods lead to models with reduced predictive performance. In addition, the assessment of predictive performance is overly optimistic if it is not validated with new data or by using resampling techniques. We investigate two procedures for constraining model complexity { backward stepwise variable selection and penalized maximum likelihood { and analyse internal validation via bootstrap resampling. We use an ecologically motivated data set comprising 21 real environmental variables and articial incidence data of a hypothetical plant species. Backward stepwise variable selection improved predictive performance of the models. Constraining the model complexity via penalized maximum likelihood further improved model performance. The dierences between the model strategies decreased with increasing size of the data set used. Internal validation via bootstrap resampling improved the estimates of model performance.


Rapidly expanding population in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has a massive impact to put pressure on the shortage of housing and existing infrastructure. With average population growth rate of 1,9% yearly, the population in Saudi Arabia is projected to increase from 31 million in 2015 to 37 million in 2025. According to the housing ministry, Saudi Arabia needs to provide 3.3 million units to meet the demand in 2025, which is about 300,000 unit a year. In the past 40 years, using the conventional construction method, the Saudi construction industry was only able to build about 150,000 units per year. To meet the demand gap for the housing shortage, a new approach and innovation in construction methods are needed. Industrialized construction as an approach in construction methods has been studied and implemented in some countries that experienced similar corncerns. Industrialized construction can be defined as the implementation of manufacturing methods to construction-related activities to improve quality, reduce cost and project duration. Compared to the conventional construction method, prefabrication as industrialized construction methods has reduced construction labor on-site by 9.5%, construction project duration by 20%, and construction waste by 56%. It improves the quality, durability and cost saving not only for construction project owners, but also construction contractors. This paper discusses the possibility of 'industrialization' of building system in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia as a solution for the housing shortage. It is an initial part of a study aims to develop a framework to develop industrialized building system in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The is paper based on extensive literature review and case studies.


The leachate of regulating tank was the main source of malodor caused municipal landfill . The pretreatment of it was main method of controlling malodor. The paper started with new New Type Biological Deodorant on leachate in the lab and municipal landfill. The removal efficiency of NH3-N、peculiar smell in the leachate were 26.11% and 59.67% in the lab by new type biological deodorant, respectively. In the leachate treated, the mass concentration of NH3 and H2S in the air at downwind side of regulating tank were1.35mg/m3 and 0.048mg/m3, respectively. The Standard of malodor removal was the second level of national standard.


A sole structure may include a midsole element (40), the plate (50), a first chamber (61) and a second chamber (62). Midsole element (40) by foamed polymer material. Plate (50) by a substantially non-foamed polymer material, and the plate having an upper surface (51) and an opposite lower surface (52). Plate is embedded in the midsole element such foamed polymeric material exposing the first region and the second region of the lower surface. The first and second chambers each have a fluid-filled configuration. A first chamber (61) is secured to the first region, and a second chamber (62) is secured to the second region.


This study aimed at developing a scale to measure marital satisfaction of marriage people. Content validity, construct and concurent validity studies were done for development process of the scale. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability calculations were done to test the reliability of the scale. For content validity, theoritical content, literature about marital satisfaction, psycholocical counseller and lecturers were benefitted. In this study, for first construct


For improving the efficiency of isolation and culture of fibroblast cells from Bos mutus,effects on the isolation culture and subculture of Bos mutus somatic cells by organize preservation method,primary culture method,culture media type,and cryopreservation media formula were assessed.The results showed that PBS,D/F12and TCM199media adapted to preserve the skin organize of Bos mutus.D/F12and TCM199media could be used to the culture of Bos mutus organize pieces,and the survival rate of organize pieces reached(86.29±4.62)%.So organize pieces culture could be successfully used to primary culture of Bos mutus fibroblast cells.Better effect was achieved by the culture of Bos mutus fibroblast cells in D/F12media,and population doubling time as well as plateau phase density of the cells were 38.47hand 2.075×106/mL,respectively.The percentage of normal diploid karyotype of F7cells was 84.33%in the D/F12culture media.Obvious proliferation effect on the cells was produced with the supplement of EGF and bFGF into culture media,and plateaued phase density of the cells obviously rised.Two cryopreservation media(D/F12supplemented with fetal bovine serum and DMSO,fetal bovine serum supplemented with DMSO)could be used to cryopreservation of Bos mutus cells,and the survival rates of the cells were87.33%and 89.00%,respectively.


This paper, based on field observations in Chhattisgarh and Gujarat, attempts to critically examine the implementation process of the Forest Rights Act, especially focusing on the democratic aspects of decision-making and the transparency issues of the Act at the ground level under different situations. Further, it attempts to understand the awareness levels of the beneficiary community, i.e., the forestdependent people, while recording their concerns about their claims. The findings from a sample of 540 households spread across 18 Gram Panchayats in the two States reveal that the realisation of the objective of the Act to provide justice to the most underprivileged section in the society is far from complete. The reasons for this are multiple: while the abysmal level of awareness on the part of the tribals on all counts is one basic shortcoming, discrepancies in the attitude of the local forest department and the indifferent attitude of the local sarpanches were other contributors.


Motivated urgency of the undertaking accounting-experimental studies tense-deformed conditions ofthe separate nodes and details of the energy installation diesel locomotive z diesel of the type D49, to whichin the first place follows to refer the crankshaft. Considered importance of the creation to mathematicalmodel, which allows on stage of the designing already or at modernizations forced much cylinders of thediesels to value the influence of the fluctuations turning moments on dynamic loads not only, which areformed in sections cylinder modules, but and on work mechanism distribution exhaust gas and presentingfuel in cylinder. The Presented description of the particularities of the shaping turning moments inmechanical system of the energy installing the diesel locomotive on base of the use the harmonious analysis.As example of the use designed mathematical model is brought row of the harmonicas, from which forms thecurve of the change turning moment in section of the crankshaft eighth cylinder module of the energyinstallation with diesel D49.


It is common ophthalmic knowledge that thrombosis of the central vein of the retina almost always leads to blindness. Often it results in intractable hemorrhagic glaucoma involving many unsuccessful operations and eventually leading to enucleation. In a survey by Holmin and Ploman, 1 it was found that of 78 thromboses of the central retinal vein, the majority were branch thromboses. In only 13 patients was there complete occlusion of the trunk. Of these 13, who were treated by the usual conservative methods, 9 became totally blind—8 as a result of glaucoma and 1 as a result of retinitis proliferans. Of these 9, 5 required enucleation. Of the remaining 4 patients, who had no increase in intraocular tension, the vision improved in 1 to 6/21, in 2 to 6/60 and in 1 to perception of hand movements in the temporal region. Even in the patients with branch thrombosis, the results were


For this study, a novel magnetization-free micro-magnetic tag is proposed and fabricated with low cost to make tracking living bodies under water condition to establish a system for biometric identification within short time. A sensor using Magneto-Optics was employed as a high throughput sensing by 2D data. In order to magnify the sensing ability, FEM analysis has successfully optimized the configurations of external magnetic field and additional Yoke module using double layer structure. It is suggested that the sensing distance can be extended as twice as that of the conventional results.


Drought is a major factor in a rangeland environment. It has major effects on rangeland resources, on productivity and thus influences financial and social aspects. Warning of incipient drought should aid management preparations. This paper details an approach based on the use of soil water balance data from a plant growth model (GRASP) to estimate the probability of rainfall adequate to fill the soil profile. Preliminary estimations from historical climatic data for Charleville indicate that the technique may provide some warning of the onset of drought, with the possibility of prediction on a monthly basis. INTRODUCTION Drought is a major factor in a rangeland environment. It has major effects on rangeland resources, on productivity and thus influences financial and social aspects (Pritchard and Mills 1986). Warning of incipient drought should aid management preparations to deal with its eventuality. There are other methods which attempt to provide these indications (e.g. long range weather predictions). The Rainman package uses a statistical approach based on historical rainfall data (Clarkson and Owens 1991). This paper details preliminary data from another approach using simulation. METHODS A plant growth simulation model (GRASP, McKeon et al 1990) has been tuned for sites in western Queensland (Meppem and Johnston 1988). It was run with historical climatic data for Charleville. Its predicted output of monthly available soil moisture was used to estimate the rainfall required to fill the soil profile. Probability of receiving this rainfall in the next and ensuing months was then calculated. The patterns generated were compared with periods of official drought declaration since 1960. RESULTS The patterns of total available soil moisture and probability of sufficient rainfall to refill the soil profile in the next month prior to and during periods of official drought declaration since 1960 have general similarities (Fig. 1).


Crime scene investigation in Guangxi witnesses defects in terms of scene investigation, scene information collection, information inputting, information contrasting and utilizing. Misplace of investigation subject, lack of working mechanism and lagging team construction result in restrictions on investigation development in Guangxi. The scientific orientation of scene investigation subject, explicit understanding of crime scene investigation powers, enhancement of criminal team construction, execution of the scene sorting, graded explorations, implementation of scene investigation, scene information collection, information inputting,information contrasting and utilizing, practice of post setting and personnel quota training for the staff can comprehensively improve criminal investigation team capacity.


I n Computer's first issue for 2004, I extend a warm welcome to the nearly 100,000 new and continuing IEEE Computer Society members. We reaffirm our commitment to offering you those products and services that will most benefit you in your careers as computing and IT professionals. 2003 ACCOMPLISHMENTS Under the leadership of Past President Stephen L. Diamond, our Society made substantial progress in many areas last year. Our 2003 accomplishments were outlined in Computer's December issue. On behalf of the Society, I wish to thank Steve for his dedicated efforts to develop new initiatives that focused on improving the Society's operational effectiveness. He also guided the advancement of our ongoing electronic projects, including distance learning and the Total Information Provider project. Another 2003 initiative was the development of the Society's next strategic plan, SP-5. As president-elect, my responsibility was to lead the effort to rethink our future directions, and I engaged all Society Executive Committee members in a forum to create SP-5. This plan builds on a strong foundation established by my predecessors. In recent years, the Society's strategic planning has been guided by its vision statement " to be the leading provider of technical information and services for the world's computing professionals. " To accomplish our mission, we have led the IEEE in product and member service innovations. The Society was the first within the IEEE to initiate an online digital library (www.computer.org/publications/dlib); offer distance learning courses as a basic member benefit (www.computer. org/distancelearning); and launch an e-version-only magazine, IEEE Distributed Systems Online (http://dsonline. computer.org). We were the first among peer professional associations to define the body of knowledge of software engineering (www.computer.org/swebok), to offer a certification program for software professionals (www.computer.org/ certification), and to launch a technical peer-reviewed magazine on security and privacy (www.computer.org/ security). We also are the first IEEE society to provide our members with free access to an online library of reference books (www.computer.org/ bookshelf). While the Society as a whole has accomplished its mission in the past, our latest planning effort convinced us that it is time to move forward with an expanded vision and new strategic activities. During my presidential election campaign, I communicated with you about my VISA concept: Vision, Interoperability, Strategy, and Action. I am happy to report that during my year as president-elect, I began formulating VISA with strong support from your volunteer leaders and the Society's executive staff. …


The planned Ares V launch vehicle with its 10 meter fairing and at least 55,600 kg capacity to Earth Sun L2 enables entirely new classes of space telescopes. A consortium from NASA, Space Telescope Science Institute, and aerospace industry are studying an 8-meter monolithic primary mirror UV/optical/NIR space telescope to enable new astrophysical research that is not feasible with existing or near-term missions, either space or ground. This paper briefly reviews the science case for such a mission and presents the results of an on-going technical feasibility study, including: optical design; structural design/analysis including primary mirror support structure, sun shade and secondary mirror support structure; thermal analysis; launch vehicle performance and trajectory; spacecraft including structure, propulsion, GNC operations & servicing; mass budget and cost.


This study posits that instructional representations are viable assessment tools of subject matter knowledge within the context of lesson study. Evidence is provided and validated, suggesting that representations provide valuable insights into the depth and accuracy of the knowledge prospective teachers bring to instructional settings. It is conjectured that those with weak subject matter knowledge may ask too many open-ended questions, and over rely on their students to "remember." Those growing in their understanding may be reluctant to cede ownership to their students while those with strong understanding include many representations in their lessons. PROBLEM, FOCUS, AND FRAMEWORKS


It is well-known that perturbative calculations in field theory can lead to far simpler answers than the Feynman diagram approach might suggest. In some cases scattering amplitudes can be constructed for processes with any desired number of external legs yielding compact expressions which are inaccessible from the point of view of conventional perturbation theory. In this thesis we discuss some attempts to address the nature of this underlying simplicity and then use the results to calculate some previously unknown amplitudes of interest. Witten's twistor string theory is introduced and the CSW rules at tree-level and one-loop are described. We use these techniques to calculate the one-loop gluonic MHV amplitudes in N=1 super-Yang-Mills as a verification of their validity and then proceed to evaluate the general MHV amplitudes in pure Yang-Mills with a scalar running in the loop. This latter amplitude is a new result in QCD. In addition to this, we review some recent on-shell recursion relations for tree-level amplitudes in gauge theory and apply them to gravity. As a result we present a new compact form for the n-graviton MHV amplitudes in general relativity. The techniques and results discussed are relevant to the understanding of the structure of field theory and gravity and the non-supersymmetric Yang-Mills amplitudes in-particular are pertinent to background processes at the LHC. The gravitational recursion relations provide new techniques for perturbative gravity and have some bearing on the ultraviolet properties of Einstein gravity.


Arts Education and Arts of Education,as separate concepts,are significantly distinguishable from each other.Via its special functionalities and methodologies,Arts Education has important effects in developing one's intelligence and other factors.Arts of Education,on the other hand,exist in various educational activities,and are the arts that mostly materialize the essence of education.Today's practice of all-around education defines new requirements for the education reformation,in terms of both depths and pressure.Therefore it is meaningful to have modern Arts of Education and to study the significance of Arts of Education,not only for the current generation,but also for the future.


Southern hemisphere circulation patterns and associated anomalies for austral summer 2014-15 are reviewed, with an emphasis on Pacific Basin climate indicators and Australian rainfall and temperature. The tropical Pacific ocean temperature in summer 2014-15 was just below El Niño threshold. The summer saw above average temperature in most of Australia, with the nation-wide mean temperature ranked the 6th highest on record. Summer rainfall was above average nation-wide, though it was very dry in northern Queensland due to an overall weak monsoon in the tropical western Pacific. Two tropical lows impacted the Kimberley region in Western Australia in January, and two tropical cyclones, Lam and Marcia, made landfall in Northern Territory's Arnhem Land and Queensland's Capricorn Coast in February.


ABSTRACT Through text analysis of the user-generated content in the Douban community, a popular online platform in China, this paper intends to analyze the ways Chinese women watch and interpret a Western "boys' love" movie "Call Me by Your Name." The findings indicate that women engage in active spectatorship, including the gaze of body, the viewing of plot and the perception of emotion based on the female identity. Women's gaze at male image favors the romantic temperament and transforms it into heterosexual fantasy by substituting the male character. At the same time, the female audience can understand and accept homosexuality while retaining their own heterosexual identity. Finally, they praise and adore the romantic love story in the movie.


Meningitis and septicaemia can be deceptive in the diversity of their presentation in children. Added to this difficulty, most health professionals see few cases in their professional lifetimes. The meningococcus is the leading cause of bacterial meningitis in the UK, and it can kill within 24?hours of symptom onset. Many child survivors just starting out in life face debilitating and sometimes permanent disabilities including neurological damage, sensory deficits, limb amputations, and often damage to tissue, skin and organs. There may be further impact on quality of life even for those who appear to recover well. Group B meningococcus accounts for the great majority of meningococcal cases, however a vaccine that protects against it remains elusive. Consequently, given the severity of the disease, its ability to develop at an alarming rate, and the absence of universally protective vaccines against meningitis and septicaemia, it is crucial to be able to recognize the signs and symptoms. 'Red flag' sympto...


Bandeng fish is a fish that is rich in vitamins and proteins, especially in the region of eastern Java and its surroundings. Fish Bandeng is even available every day in markets and supermarkets so that for the business of fish Bandeng, it can be processed for some purposes of the devotion of society. Fish Bandeng is processed as weed so that it can build an IKM in the village (Kencat) Bancaran Madura. By learning to make a process of weed bandeng fish, it can be meaded into a sales power that is beneficial for the village masyarakat (Kencat) Bancaran Madura.


Objectives To review all cases with fetal pleural effusions referred to the Centre for Fetal Care at Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital (QCCH) and document the antenatal management and ascertain the neonatal outcome. Methods All cases referred to the CFC at QCCH with pleural effusions for the period 2001–2006 were assed according to departmental protocol including history of consanguinity, other abnormalities, fetal echocardiography and TORCH screening. All cases were identified from the fetal medicine database (Astraia) and neonatal notes. Results 94 cases with fetal pleural effusions were identified, isolated pleural effusion was present in 24 (25.5%) fetuses, 8 (33.3%) were unilateral and 16 (66.6%) were bilateral. Secondary causes of pleural effusions were diagnosed in 70 (74.4%) fetuses, 20 (28.5%) cardiac, 5 (7.1%) neural tube defect, skeletal 8 (11.4%), 9 (12.8%) gastrointestinal, 2 (2.8%) cleft lip, 3 (4.2%) pulmonary, 4 (5.7%) renal, 5 (7.1%) twin to twin transfusion syndrome, 2 (2.8%) vascular, 7 (10%) chromosomal and 4 (5.7%) viral infection. Karyotyping was offered to all cases, results were normal in 41 (78.8%), aneuploidy in 7 (13.4%) and viral infection in 4 (7.7%) cases. 10 (10.6%) cases underwent termination of pregnancy, 16 (17%) intrauterine death and 68 (72.3%) live births. Intrapartum thoracocentesis and pleuroamniotic shunt was done in all 24 (23.5%) cases of primary pleural effusions, 13 (54%) resolved, 9 (37.5%) reaccumulated, 1 (4%) preterm premature rupture of membranes. Conclusions Although thoracocentesis is the initial management step, it is unlikely to be of benefit. The limited experience with pleuroamniotic shunts suggest that they are effective in decompressing the effusion and improving survival.


Objective To establish a method for the determination of 28 β2-agonists in animal tissues by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS).Methods The residues of β2-agonists in the test samples were extracted with 0.2 mol/L sodium acetate(pH5.2).After being cleaned up with column,concentrated and reconstituted,the residues were detected by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry under multiple reaction monitoring(MRM) via positive-ion mode.Results The method showed a good linearity over the range of 2.5~25 μg/L for β2-agonists with r0.996.The average recoveries were 60.8%~116.6% at different spiked levels in pork,and the relative standard deviations were 1.74%~18.47%.The limit of quantitation was 0.500 μg/kg.Conclusion This method is highly sensitive,accurate and reproducible,and it is suitable for the detection of β-agonists in pork.


A general and convenient method is described by which one can obtain the point group, the 13C NMR pattern, and the number of IR‐ and Raman‐active vibrations of any given fullerene structure directly from its molecular graph. The method is based on certain ''topological'' atomic coordinates, the Cartesian components of which in a topological principal axis system are proportional to the components of three selected eigenvectors of the adjacency matrix of the graph. Its practical utility lies in combination with existing theoretical results, including analytical molecular‐orbital rules which predict two distinct families of closed‐shell fullerenes and a systematic search which generates all known Cn fullerene graphs. The overall strategy is illustrated in an experimentally relevant application to the 24 distinct isolated‐pentagon fullerene isomers of C84.


The Open / Distance Learning was deemed feasible to produce an undergraduate education equivalent to regular on-campus graduate program. For the development of on-line learning, managers needed to select the variables determining the success; Factors that contributed to the sustainability needs to be explored and promoted; while this variable had not been found. This study tried to find the determinants of the quality of ICTbased teaching and learning. This study was quantitative methods, conducted based on the assessment of alumni. Data were collected through a self-rating scale consisting of 32 items that had been proven its validity and reliability; Data analysis used descriptive analysis and stepwise multiple regression models. The quality of teaching and learning were at the high level and moderate. There were three models of the determinants of the quality of teaching and learning namely: student admission, student admission and budgeting, and student admission, budgeting and lecturer of qualifications. The findings was very important for the management and supervision of distance education in order to improve the quality of teaching and learning; improving the system of admissions selection, increasing the amount of financial aid in order to support the education, and increasing the lecturers' professionalism. Keywords—budgeting, lecturer qualifications, Open/ distance learning (ODL), quality of teaching and learning,


Abstract In order to detect biomolecules, different approaches using for instance biological, spectroscopic or imaging techniques are established. Due to the broad variety of these methods, this review is focused on surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) as an analytical tool in biomolecule detection. Here, the molecular specificity of Raman spectroscopy is combined with metallic nanoparticles as sensor platform, which enhances the signal intensity by several orders of magnitude. Within this article, the characterization of diverse biomolecules by means of SERS is explained and moreover current application fields are presented. The SERS intensity and as a consequence thereof the reliable detection of the biomolecule of interest is effected by distance, orientation and affinity of the molecule towards the metal surface. Furthermore, the great capability of the SERS technique for cutting-edge applications like pathogen detection and cancer diagnosis is highlighted. We wish to motivate by this comprehensive and critical summary researchers from various scientific background to create their own ideas and schemes for a SERS-based detection and analysis of biomolecules.


This study examines how the identity of Korean students in the US public schools change in the classroom as a result of their exposure to English and American culture. Data was collected by class observations, home visits, interviews, and samples and documents from class activities. Data was collected for two consecutive semesters. As a result of data collection and analysis, this study found that when these Korean students were immersed into English language and American culture in different social contexts, they formed multiple identities: they identified themselves with others (cultural identity); they were identified by others (especially teachers) by their behaviors and attitudes in the classroom (institutional identity); they struggled to understand the relationship between themselves and the larger social world (social identity); and they invested to learn English for inclusion and affiliation and for their future to a new country (investment and imagined identity). These findings imply that while the participants were forming multiple identities in the classrooms, teachers play an important role in helping their students develop their identities in positive ways by understanding the cultural and linguistic knowledge the students bring to the classroom and by investigating students' learning behaviors and attitudes more deeply.


Diagnosis and condition monitoring in rotating machinery has been a subject of intense research for the last century. Recent developments indicate the drive towards integration of diagnosis and prognosis algorithms in future integrated vehicle health management (IVHM) systems. With this in mind, this paper concentrates on highlighting some of the latest research on common faults in rotating machines. Eight key faults have been described; the selected faults include unbalance, misalignment, rub/looseness, fluid-induced instability, bearing failure, shaft cracks, blade cracks, and shaft bow. Each of these faults has been detailed with regard to sensors, fault identification techniques, localization, prognosis, and modeling. The intent of the paper is to highlight the latest technologies pioneering the drive towards next-generation IVHM systems for rotating machinery.


In this paper, the ASK signal demodulation process in the primary side of a wireless charging system under Qi standard was examined, using a typical Renesas reference design. A switching scheme based on phase-shift modulation is proposed to enhance the quality of the ASK signal demodulation in low-duty-cycle conditions. Software simulations were conducted to validate the improvement achieved by the proposed switching scheme.


A similar prospecƟ ve trial undertaken in Australia found that protecƟ ve eye shields tested posiƟ ve for blood in 44% of operaƟ ons, yet the surgeon was only aware of the incident in 18% of these cases. [6] Much blood spray during surgery does not occur at a visually perceivable level, with this study demonstraƟ ng that the incidence of blood splash during a procedure may be considerably higher than is realised. Despite the predominance of blood splash occurring within the operaƟ ng theatre, the risks of these injuries are not limited to surgeons and theatre staī - even minor surgery carries a considerable risk of blood splash. A review of 500 simple skin lesion excisions in a procedural dermatology unit revealed posiƟ ve blood splash on facemask or visor in 66% of cases, which highlights the need for protecƟ ve eyewear in all surgical seƫ ngs. [7] Risk of blood splash injury


Two techniques for implementing the concept of grating shearing interferometry to optical differentiation of information-encoded quasi-periodic patterns are described. Two identical copies of the investigated pattern replace diffraction gratings used in the Talbot interferometer configuration. Two methods, one using moire fringe detection and the other spatial filtering, are presented and compared with other differentiation techniques.


Political Development is a new study area in political science which rose in 1940s to 1950s.Political development theory has clear study object and realm.It takes political development,especially political development in less developed country as research theme.The socialist political development path with Chinese characteristics is the right way to develop socialist democratic politics in our country.It shows that the path of political development in our country is distinct and different from western mode.


This M.A. thesis examines the importance of conflic t in American religious pluralism utilizing the example of Westboro Baptist Church (W BC) and the group's engagement and relationship with nonmembers, especially considerin g media. Due to vast religious diversity, religious communities in the United States must eng age and interact with each other and the larger public. I provide an overview of various me thods of interaction which have been utilized and argued for over time, including ideals of toler ance and cooperative engagement. However, these theories often gloss over or do not explain t he conflict among certain religious groups which do not subscribe to cooperative goals or mutu al resolutions with outsiders. As such, I argue for the existence of a category of religion I call "agonistic religion" in which religious groups relate and engage with one another, or to no nmembers, through contrast and conflict. To locate WBC within this agonistic religion, I dra w on three aspects of this church: their underlying Primitive Baptist theology which inheren tly divides members and nonmembers, their style of preaching and biblical interpretations, an d their media usage, all of which feed into this relationship which actively contrasts with and push es against those outside of the church. In response, the larger nonmember community has attemp ted to counter this group in numerous ways, including media such as news reports, website s, blogs, and social media. I utilize the work of religion and media scholars to examine the portr ayal of religion in media according to certain


Editor—Inequality of provision of health care because of postcode prescribing is more complex than suggested by Ashcroft.1 Some differences may indeed result from differences in priorities and values between purchasers, but whether a service is funded depends on rates of ill health and funding locally.


The buildings in the 300 Area, including several Category 3 nuclear facilities are undergoing deactivation, decommissioning, decontamination and demolition (D4) by Washington Closure Hanford (WCH) as part of the River Corridor Closure Contract (RCCC). The D4 process has generated a wide variety of low-level radioactive and lowlevel radioactive mixed waste as well as TRU. The Hanford Site-wide Transportation Safety Document (TSD) has been successfully utilized to transport waste streams that otherwise would not be able to be shipped. The TSD accomplished this by establishing a comprehensive set of onsite transportation and packaging performance standards and risk-based standards. The requirements and standards presented are equivalent to DOT and NRC standards (10 CFR 71)


Contents: The book exposes the history, politics, misunderstandings, and attitudes underlying the problems of third world education. It goes beyond the traditional comparative approach to include information about important African philosophers of education.


In the present work, failure of a snow slab is analyzed by accounting Normal mode criteria. The analysis has been extended to include residual stress into the model (in addition to body forces). Intensity of crack energy release rate, and displacement components have been derived and their values have been estimated. The obtained results have been compared with the existing snow slab failure models [ Perla and La chappelle (1970), Perla (1980), Sigrist (2006), Schweizer (1999)]. The criteria of snow slab failure have been critically examined.The maximum stress in the snow pack and critical intensity factor of crack development has also been studied in the model. The results of the present model can be used for the avalanche release information.


Abstract Work history is associated with long term health outcomes We hypothesize that characteristics of the first work experience, such as age at first job and length of work (hereafter job) are associated with future risk of hospitalization. We further hypothesize that the length of work will be associated with hospitalization. We conducted a survey of adults >60 years using a nested case-control approach within the Mayo Clinic Biobank. We collected job related variables including age at job start, reason for ending, and length of time. To test associations between each variable and hospitalization, we used age and gender adjusted logistic regression models. Our study included 4,024 subjects: 1,801 cases and 2223 controls. The mean age at time of match was 77.3 years (SD 7.2 years) with 49.2% males. Older age at the first full-time job was associated with lower chance of hospitalization later in life (OR=0.81 [0.67, 0.97] for those who started the job over 22 compared to those started at 18 or less). Cases were more likely to have stopped working because of illness (OR=2.04 [95% CI 1.29,3.27]). Cases were less likely to have stopped working because of retirement (OR=0.82 [95% CI: 0.72, 0.93]). We found cases were employed with a slightly shorter time (20.5 yrs. (SD 16.6)) compared to controls (21.8 yrs. (SD 16.3)) (p=0.005). Cases started work earlier and stopped work more frequently because of illness/disability compared to controls. This could reflect educational attainment in controls. This study highlights work history as potential predictor of future hospitalization.


The invention concerns a motor vehicle safety arrangement with a pedal mechanism at least one bearing block (23) with at least one pedal (16 to 18) articulated thereon. The bearing block (23) is held by a carrier component (1) which extends approximately over the width of the vehicle and is at a distance from a scuttle panel (6) delimiting the passenger compartment. In order to prevent injury to the feet on front impact, the carrier component (1) is resistant to bending and uncoupled from the scuttle panel (6). The distance between the carrier component (1) and scuttle panel (6) is dimensioned such that, in the event of intrusion of the scuttle panel as a result of a collision, the position of the carrier component (1) does not vary substantially.


Eds Angela Coulter, Chris Ham ![][1]

Open University Press, £19.99, pp 288

ISBN 0 335 20463 5

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In 1995, when Alain Juppe, the French prime minister, tried to reform the healthcare system and to introduce explicit rationing, the country went on strike for five weeks and was almost totally paralysed for that time. Healthcare rationing is indeed a challenge for policymakers, and few dare to do it explicitly.

The Global Challenge of Healthcare Rationing presents a clear inventory of what healthcare rationing means and of why and how it should be done. The introductory chapter refers to the Oregon experiments, …

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Skilled right-hand dominant (RHD) surgeons will have no problem cutting sutures with the right hand but most would struggle to cut with the left hand. We introduce and validate a new technique along with one published previously to improve left-hand dexterity in RHD operating theatre staff. Forty-seven RHD theatre staff from our trust's trauma and orthopaedic department were recruited for this study. Participants were first asked to cut sutures with the left hand using no particular technique (control group), followed by a new technique (new group) and then a previously published technique (Fang group). The use of both techniques improved the participants' ability to cut with their left hand. Only 7 participants (15%) were able to cut the sutures under control conditions while 37 (79%) and 42 (89%) were successful using the new technique and the Fang technique respectively (new group: p=0.007, Fang group: p=0.0001). No significant difference was detected between the two techniques. Both the new technique and the previously published technique to improve the dexterity of cutting sutures with the left hand in RHD surgeons are valid, effective and easy to master.


As Sun Tzu says: "Judge advantages when accepting advices, and then, in accordance with that, arrange your forces supplementing them with extraordinary tactics. Forces should be arranged strategically, based on that what gives the advantage." This though directly points that strategy and tactics need to be developed in the same direction to gain success. This is the application of the research on building the new model which will combine strategy and tactics in marketing. The model will have to satisfy three conditions. It will have to be applicable, simple and interactive. The research will consist of three parts. research will be the main research in the form of interviews with managers responsible for the implementation of strategy and tactics in companies. The result of the main research, an experiment on the real company which is present on the real market. Results of the experiment will be evaluated through business results of the company before the implementation of the model and results after the implementation. The Stratics model will follow the line of modelling presented by Vraneševic, Vignali and Vrontis which includes the combination of various strategy and tactics models like Life Cycle of the Company, Boston Consulting Group Matrix, Ansoff Matrix and Marketing Mix. Resulting model will give the company's management a chance to see whether company's real position lies where management thinks it does. The other purpose of the model will be initial propositions on what should be done on tactical level in order to achieve company's targeted strategy position. • Leeds Metropolitan University, Headingley Campus, Leeds, LS1 3HE, UK. ISSN 0328-5715 ISSN 2524-955X Professor Claudio Vignali 232|—————————————————————————————----—————————————----------—————| Palermo Business Review | Special Issue Introduction Matrix Marketing and the academic use of models in the strategic process has, in recent years, been accepted by practitioners. The frequent and recent changes in technology and the Internet allow greater access to both academic and tacticians in the commercial world. Vignali C. (2007) has developed the Stratics process and created a live model building process that adapts some of the academic models used by academics in the modern world. As Sun Tzu says: "Judge advantages when accepting advices, and then, in accordance with that, arrange your forces supplementing them with extraordinary tactics. Forces should be arranged strategically, based on that what gives the advantage." This though directly points that strategy and tactics need to be developed in the same direction to gain success. In other way, the risk of failure increases significantly. The purpose of marketing is to make customers more interested in company's products. Stralser (2004) describes marketing in the following way: "Often, people immediately equate marketing with advertising and see only the amount of money that advertising cost. However, by definition, marketing is actually the process by which we offer goods or services up for sale. Forwardthinking marketing strategies suggest that marketing is not a 'cost' or 'expense' but rather an investment, because much of the benefit of marketing is longerterm and may take years to fully provide its benefit." Kennedy (1989) finds very important to answer the question: "Why should I, your prospective customer, choose you vs. any and every other alternative available to me?" This is the question that leads to identify the proper strategy for the company. Vraneševic, Vignali and Vrontis (2004) combine  Life Cycle of the Company, Boston Consulting Group Matrix, Ansoff Matrix and Marketing Mix. This approach has given the main direction for this research. According to Buble and group of authors (2005), marketing strategy represents the implementation of the whole strategy of the company and main duties of the marketing strategy are: analysis of market opportunities, the choice of the aimed market, marketing mix development and marketing management. The main focus of marketing strategy can be the development of marketing mix and marketing management. According to Thompson, Strickland and Gamble (2005) "Strategy of a company is a plan of the game which management uses for business increase, gaining market position, attracting and pleasing customers, successful competing, leading their operation and gaining desired aims." On the other hand, Robbins and Coulter (2005) sate that strategic management is "That set of managerial decisions and action that determines a long-run performance of an organisation." This definition can also be applied to the managing of marketing strategy. In the introduction sentence of the chapter "What is the Marketing Strategy", Renko (2005) explains that "combining of terms Marketing and Strategy emphasises that the strategy has to be marketing oriented, i.e. leaded by the market and surroundings where the company operates." Berry and Wilson (2000) have elaborated the way the strategy and tactics should work in combination: "The tactical decisions you make should directly complement your marketing strategy in a manner that is practical Sustainable Management; Model Building for Decision Making Palermo Business Review | Special Issue|——-—----------—————————————————————————————————————————————| 233 and can be implemented." This means that tactics and strategy have to be consistent. Johnston and Bate (2003) state the following: "It is interesting to note how many companies in recent years have adopted ''innovation'' as a core value or as part of their mission statements. If we as a society have moved from the Information Age to the Knowledge Age, then this relatively new emphasis on innovation is quite logical. When information is ubiquitous and is no longer a source of competitive advantage, it is the innovative use of that information (via knowledge) that differentiates people, companies, and nations. Innovation may become the basis of all competition in the future. Innovation is the new competitive arena where present-day gladiators, equipped with similar information and access to similar resources, try to outsmart one another to victory." This is the reason why the development of new models has potential to make companies more competitive on the market.


We consider two interacting particle systems on Z d to model predator ] prey and host ] parasite interactions . In both models we have two types of (cid:14) . d particles 1 and 2 and each site in Z can be in one of four states: empty, occupied by a type 1 particle, occupied by a type 2 particle or occupied by (cid:14) . two particles one of each type . Each type gives birth to particles of the same type on nearest neighbor sites . The interaction between the two types of particles occurs only when a site is occupied by one particle of each type . For both models we show that coexistence and noncoexistence are possible in any dimension .


PURPOSE
To examine whether motor performance and motor learning in healthy subjects can be segregated into a number of distinct motor abilities which are linked to intact processing in different motor-related brain regions (M1, S1, SMA, PMC) early during learning.

METHODS
Seven young healthy subjects trained in eight motor arm tasks (Arm Ability Training, AAT) once a day for 5 days using their left non-dominant arm. Except for day 1 (baseline), training was performed before and after applying an inhibitory form of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (cTBS, continuous theta burst) to either M1, S1, SMA, or PMC.

RESULTS
A principal component analysis of the motor behaviour data suggested four independent motor abilities: aiming, speed, steadiness, and visuomotor tracking. AAT induced substantial motor learning across abilities. Within session effects of cTBS revealed that activity in primary somatosensory cortex (S1) was relevant for motor performance and learning across all tasks whereas M1 was specifically involved in rapid tapping movements, PMC in ballistic arm navigation in extra-personal space; performance on a non-trained motor tasks was not affected by cTBS.

CONCLUSIONS
Cortical sensory and motor areas including S1, M1, and PMC functionally contribute to early motor learning in a differential manner across motor abilities.


The understanding of ideal definition of health and dhatu samya is very essential for human beings in order to attain the first persuit of life for attaining hita and sukha ayu. In Ayurveda health means the state of doshasamya, agnisamya and dhatusamya as well as wellness of atma, indriya and mana. Acharya Charaka says that a man desirous of happiness should observe the rules which are related with the prevention of unborn diseases and the cure of those which have already arisen. Health is the supreme foundation of virtue, wealth, enjoyment and salvation and a wise man should be ever vigilant in the case of his own sarira (body) like the lord of the city in the affairs of his city and acharioterer in the management of his chariot. The ultimate aim of life is to achieve the Dharma, Artha, Kama & Moksha. For obtaining the above mentioned goals, it is very essential to be fit physically, mentally and spiritually. So directions of the Ayurveda in this regard should be followed strictly. When the person does not follow the directions of Ayurveda in regard to Ahara, Nidra, Brihmacharya collectively known as "Trya upstambha" the person becomes ill. Due to improper use of he above three supports of life so many diseases takes place, out of them, one is the Vatarakta (Gout), which consists of swelling including burning pain in metatarsalphalangeal joints initially followed by the other joints, resulting in inability to the walk.


Objective To improve the SSI control for surgical staff during joint replacement surgery and prevent postoperative infection.Methods To plan,practice,conform and dispose according to QCC concept,and analyzed the problem in SSI control and causes affecting infection control cognition for surgical staff during joint replacement surgery. Discussed the way to settle the problem and evaluated the effect.Results The frequency of activities against SSI for surgical staff decreased from 12.3 times to 5.2 times each operation. The rate of standard was 107.58% and progress rate was 57.7%. Conclusion QCC applying can improve the management behavior and concept of SSI control for surgical staff during joint replacement surgery.


Perceiving and Describing Event Temporal Dynamics Shulan Lu (firstname.lastname@example.com) Devin Pierce (firstname.lastname@example.com) Department of Psychology and Special Education Texas A & M University-Commerce Commerce, TX 75429-3011, USA Abstract This paper investigates how people coordinate perceiving and describing event temporal dynamics. Participants viewed animations of fish swimming events and described how the events are related in time. We examined the timing when linguistic descriptions were launched, the linguistic characteristics, and the eye movement properties of participants viewing the fish swimming events. The results showed that there are three modes of launching descriptions: (a) some people always launch their descriptions while events are unfolding, (b) some people always launch descriptions after events unfold, and (c) some people switch between launching during and after the events depending on the context. When two events have a higher degree of simultaneity in time, people tend to launch their spontaneous descriptions after the events unfold. The linguistic characteristics of the descriptions, for example, the number of clauses and the number of verbs, reflect some of the interactions between description modes and event temporal properties. People tend to fixate on the end points of the events when they are ready to utter the words "stop" and "start". Introduction We often need to describe events and their temporal dynamics. For example, situations where we need to represent temporal relations might include explaining to someone how to make a particular dish by following a recipe, remembering the temporal dynamics between events of a traffic accident we witnessed, or talking to someone over the phone about how to troubleshoot a computer problem. When we think about event temporal dynamics, we often need to know how long each event takes place (i.e., event duration) and how each event is related to other events (i.e., event temporal relations). Events can unpack seamlessly, co-occur with one another in time and space, and unfold simultaneously. The temporal dynamics between events are abstract and subtle at times. How do we encode the event temporal dynamics, and in particular, event temporal relations when events are unfolding? Hunt and Agnoli (1991) suggested that people think more efficiently about a topic if their language provides an efficient code. Gentner and Boroditsky (2001) suggested that language plays a more important role in representing abstract domains than concrete domains. Boroditsky and her colleagues provide some evidence that language plays a role in how people think about the temporal aspects of an event (Boroditsky, 2001; Boroditsky, Ham, & Ramscar, 2002). For example, Mandarin speakers talk about time as if it flows vertically and think of time vertically even when they were tested in English. Such proposals suggest that there might be a close relationship between describing and conceptualizing event temporal dynamics. In the current study, people viewed animations that systematically varied the event temporal relations, and described the temporal relations when they were ready. To understand the relationship between perceiving and describing the event temporal dynamics, we examined the following four indicators: (a) do people tend to launch their spontaneous descriptions when the events are unfolding or afterwards? (b) what linguistic properties do online descriptions have? (c) how well could the online descriptions depict the event temporal dynamics? and (d) where do people tend to look when they mark off the event onsets and offsets? In the paragraphs below, we will discuss each indicator and make some predictions accordingly. Whether people describe events in a tight coupling with their comprehension of events has long been a debate. Wundt (1900/1970) suggested that describing events occurs after people comprehend events, whereas Paul (1886/1970) suggested that describing events and comprehending events may interleave. There has been some evidence supporting Wundt's position. Griffin and Bock (2000) presented participants events that were depicted in pictures and participants described the events. Participants typically initiated their corresponding linguistic descriptions after they comprehended the events. Graesser, Lu, Olde, Cooper- Pye, and Whitten (in press) presented participants an illustrated text about an everyday device along with a hypothetical breakdown scenario and participants generated questions that could troubleshoot the device. Comprehenders performed causal analysis of the device mechanism and fixated on the problem component of the device before they launched their questions. The events used in these studies were simple events depicted in static pictures. There might be differences when events are dynamically unfolding. Zacks, Tversky, and Iyre (2001) asked participants to segment an ongoing everyday event at both coarse grained level and fine grained level. Participants tended to show a stronger alignment between coarse grained and fine grained segmentation if they described events while performing segmentation. Such evidence suggests that people may launch their descriptions while the event temporal dynamics are unfolding.


The objective of this research is to reveal the mechanisms associated with the initial formation of people's trust in online banking and intention to use the service. And this research fills a research gap by focusing on offline to online trust transfer process, which has received almost no attention. For this, we attempt to understand the effect of three antecedent factors (structural assurance, compatibility and relative advantage) on shaping a customer's initial trust in online banking and usage intention. Furthermore, we investigate the impact of customers' offline banking trust on the initial trust in online banking and its antecedents. The study tests hypothesis by using a sample of 343 users who have available device to use online banking. Results show that offline trust positively influences initial trust in online banking and customers' perceived structural assurance, relative advantage and compatibility of online banking, just as proposed. Thus, offline-to-online trust transfer process should be considered when designing multichannel strategies and attracting customers to use online banking Keywordsinitial trust, online banking, offline-to-online trust transfer, usage intentiont


AbstractThe reaction of solid particles of CaO with gaseous H2S in CaO+H2S→CaS+H2O has been studied in a hot, laboratory scale, fluidised bed. The reaction displays Langmuir–Hinshelwood kinetics, being zeroth order in H2S with large concentrations of H2S, but first order for tiny concentrations (≪ 10−4 mol m−3 at 950°C) of H2S; the first order rate constant was measured in a fluidised bed. An important and significant difference is found between the first order rate coefficients measured in a fluidised bed and in a thermogravimetric experiment. Two mathematical models for removing H2S by, for example, adding CaO to a coal gasifier are formulated, one with Langmuir–Hinshelwood kinetics, the other, an asymptotic model, with simplified first order kinetics. Both describe the experimental facts fairly well; interestingly, the simplified model works unexpectedly well for the sulphidation of CaO particles bigger than 0·5 mm, even at pressures up to 18 bar. A match between experiments and modelling succeeds in y...


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to devise a new approach to synthesize closed‐loop feedback guidance law for online thrust‐insensitive optimal trajectory generation utilizing neural networks.Design/methodology/approach – The proposed methodology utilizes an open‐loop variational formulation that initially determines optimal launch/ascent trajectories for various scenarios of known uncertainties in the thrust profile of typical solid propellant engines. These open‐loop optimized trajectories will then provide the knowledge base needed for the subsequent training of a neural network. The trained network could eventually produce thrust‐insensitive closed‐loop optimal guidance laws and trajectories in flight.Findings – The proposed neuro‐optimal guidance scheme is effective for online closed‐loop optimal path planning through some measurable and computable engine and flight parameters.Originality/value – Determination of closed‐loop optimal guidance law for non‐linear dynamic systems with uncertainties...


E- Governance involves the use of information and communication technology to improve the functioning and the internet working of the government .The purpose of E-Governance is to provide public service in an efficient and cost effective method .It also aims at delivering information just in time by allowing people to get required information just by clicking the mouse .There is no single organization to oversee all the action of internet. In other words, these challenges seem to be hurdles to success of e-governance. Namely, socio-economic, cultural, technical constraints, privacy, security concerns and etc. Even though, there are many challenges and constraints, Govt. has lot of faith on overcoming of impediments and paving the way for success of e-governance. This paper describes about evolution, initiatives, issues-challenges and future prospects of e-governance in India.


Background: Pseudospondias microcarpa (P. microcarpa) is a tree belonging to the family Arnacardiaceae. This species is used in traditional medicine to treat pain, inflammation, malaria, and skin diseases. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of the aqueous extract of P. microcarpa roots. Methods: Swiss mice and Wistar albino rats were used for the study. The aqueous extract (100, 300, and 600 mg/kg), standards, and water were administered by intragastric route. Pain was induced by intraperitoneal injection of acetic acid (1%, 10 mL/kg) or formalin paw injection (1%, 20 μL) solutions. Anti-inflammatory activity was carried out in experimental animals' models of acute inflammation using carrageenan (1%, 0.1mL) and arachidonic acid (0.1 mL, 0.2 M) Results: The results showed that aqueous extract significantly inhibited (P < 0.001) the pain induced by acetic acid with 60.77% at the dose of 600 mg/kg. This dose of 600 mg/ kg also significantly reduced (P < 0.01) the neurogenic phase (50.81%) and the inflammatory phase (63.87%) of formalin-induced pain. In the inflammatory test, the aqueous extract of the roots of P. microcarpa significantly reduced carrageenan-induced paw edema at all hours with a maximum inhibition percentage of 79.40% (4h) at the dose of 600 mg/kg. Arachidonic acid-induced paw edema was significantly inhibited (P ˂ 0.001) by the aqueous extract. The maximum inhibition was 82.35% at 600 mg/kg Conclusion: These results sufficiently demonstrate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory power of the aqueous extract of P. microcarpa. It should be noted that the analgesic property is both central and peripheral and the anti-inflammatory effect would be exerted by the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways. This justifies the use of this plant in traditional medicine for the treatment of pain and inflammation. Keywords: Arnacardiaceae; analgesic; anti-inflammatory; Pseudospondias macrocarpa.


We present a new distributed association rule mining (D-ARM) algorithm that demonstrates superlinear speed-up with the number of computing nodes. The algorithm is the first D-ARM algorithm to perform a single scan over the database. As such, its performance is unmatched by any previous algorithm. Scale-up experiments over standard synthetic benchmarks demonstrate stable run time regardless of the number of computers. Theoretical analysis reveals a tighter bound on error probability than the one shown in the corresponding sequential algorithm. As a result of this tighter bound, and by utilizing the combined memory of several computers, the algorithm generates far less candidates than comparable sequential algorithms – the same order of magnitude as the optimum.


The science of geomorphology works on natural 3D landforms. Research includes the change of landforms as well as the processes causing these changes. Material transport processes lead to a composition of a geomorphic system that follows a certain spatial hierarchy. The analysis of 3D topological relations of landforms can help to investigate geomorphic systems in two ways. First, chronological order of geomorphic genesis can be derived and, second, indications of material source can be found. However, at least some 3D geometric information is needed if topology is supposed to be derived and examined. Landforms cannot simply be reconstructed by surface measurements. Data capture is a major problem when buried features are under investigation. Subsurface information is gathered by drillings or geophysical methods that reveal point or line information. Unfortunately, the ISO 19107 Spatial Schema does not offer a valid representation of 3D geometry from sparse data, either by aggregating a surface and one or few points or by aggregating a surface and a line. Here, we discuss the possibilities for the analysis of chronological order of landform genesis and material dependencies that arise from applying 3D topological relationships to geomorphic system analysis. We show five relationships that are able to be observed in nature. Further, we introduce a new class for the representation of 3D objects with under-specified geometry. A _UG_Solid mediates between the Spatial Schema's geometric primitives with a dimension less than three on the one side and a GM_Solid on the other side. Constraints to aggregate such a _UG_Solid are defined. The introduction of a _UG_Solid facilitates the application of 3D topological concepts to geometric objects that are known to be volumetric but have to be modeled from sparse data.


Sterility mosaic disease (SMD) is one of the most destructive diseases of the Indian subcontinent causing severe reduction in yield. Development of resistant varieties is an effective management strategy for which understanding the nature of inheritance of disease inheritance is a prerequisite. The objective of this work was to study the nature of inheritance of SMD in resistant (BRG 3 and ICP 7035) and susceptible (ICP 8863 and TTB 7) genotypes. SMD incidence observed in parents, F 1 and F 2 generations indicated resistance to be controlled by recessive gene and appeared to be monogenic in cross TTB 7 × BRG 3 and governed by two independent non-allelic genes exhibiting complementary epistasis in cross ICP 8863 × ICP 7035. Expression of at least one SMD gene in homozygous recessive condition was necessary for resistant phenotype in the above mentioned crosses. Resistant × resistant and susceptible × susceptible F2 individuals showed no segregation indicating function of same loci/ linked loci to govern resistance and susceptibility in the parents studied. Visual observations recorded for leaf colour and texture revealed that the leaves of resistant genotypes were dark green and leathery textured while, that of susceptible individuals were light green and non-leathery indicating leaf traits to be associated with SMD resistance in the parents studied. The putative association of dark green leathery leaves with SMD resistance after confirmation could make significant implications for pigeonpea improvement by providing opportunity for indirect selection of leaf traits for development of SMD resistant cultivars


Having excluded the possibility of the production of nonspecific immunity by bacteria, we found in the second experiment that there was no substantial difference between the resistance of animals in the four groups to subsequent infection with influenza virus. These experiments indicate that the simultaneous applicationi of heterogeneous substances had no influence on the production of immunity against influenza virus.


Objective To observe effect of dehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA)on oxidative stress-induced MCP-1 mRNA expression in vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMC).Methods VSMC from thoracic aorta of male Wistar rat were cultured using explant method.The cultured VSMC were divided into four groups in this experi- ment:group A(control);group B(6h treatment with 50μmol/L H_2O_2);group C(6h treatment with 50μmol/L H_2O_2+1nmol/L DHEA);group D(6h treatment with 50μmol/L H_2O_2+10nmol/L DHEA).The MCP-1 mRNA level was measured by RT-PCR method and the level of MDA was measured by colorimetry. Results The levels of MCP-1 mRNA and MDA in group B were significantly higher than those in group A, while these indexes were significantly lower in group C and especially in group D than those in group B.Con- clusion DHEA is able to inhibit the up-regulation of MCP-1 mRNA expression induced by H_2O_2 in VSMC and therefore alleviate the oxidative stress damage of VSMC.The process is partially mediated by the anti-oxi- dative effect of DHEA.


In both Sweden and the United States, married women have the right to seek employment outside the home. American wives, however, are regarded as having the option of employment, while Swedish wives are urged to see themselves as obligated to bring in family income. The purpose of this article is to report research findings on the breadwinning orientation of Swedish and American working wives. Comparisons are made to see if Swedish wives have in fact adopted the breadwinning role more than their American counterparts. Factors associated with variations in employed wives' breadwinning orientation are also explored.


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A substantial proportion of cancer patients experience heightened psychological distress that may include anxiety, depression, fear of cancer recurrence, and cancer‐specific distress.1, 2 Improving psychological outcomes of cancer patients across the continuum of care (ie, from diagnosis to survivorship) is a key aspect of oncology care, and as such there is an increasing expectation and requirement that cancer care service providers assess and address patients' psychosocial needs.3 These services vary in complexity depending on the level of psychosocial support required, care setting, and resource availability.4 There is a large body of evidence demonstrating the effectiveness of psychosocial care interventions in reducing depression and anxiety and improving quality of life of cancer patients.5-7 Nevertheless, and due to increasing health care costs, decision makers require evidence on the cost‐effectiveness (ie, value for money) of new services before they can make decisions to fund and implement them in practice. Economic evaluations are increasingly performed to generate evidence about the value for money of new health care interventions.


An effective medical GMP information management system is presented in this paper.The system adopts barcode,IC card,computer network technology and other intelligent devices to achieve the control of the day-to-day management.


On the basses of analyzing the defects of variable blank holder force hydraulic press on construction and its rigid being not enough,the realization of designing method,working principle,hydraulic and system for ne controlling w type upper multi-point deep drawing with variable blank—holding force controlled by computer was introduced.In order to verify the effect of application of this set up,the testing results of deep drawing a rectangular box and a cylindrical cup formed component was presented. The results show that the equipment has low cost, general in using and optimal efficient of controlling.


The present invention relates to a worker safety integrated system which can grasp and control the status of the job in the underground site, temperature, illumination, humidity, dust, harmful gases, regular intervals on the shop floor to detect changes in vibrations and detecting the amount of change sensor unit is installed; Through the respiratory mask of the operator to identify the operator status, and supplying oxygen to an emergency situation when the operator; Replace the human information, biological information, and the IC card data, proceeding the internal operation of the operator, and the radio terminal for controlling the mask in accordance with the detection data of said sensor; The sensor unit and receives data from the mobile station and analysis of the workplace or the control center for transmitting information about the alarm signal or service according to the make-up around the operator safety condition to the radio terminal side; It provides the safety control system integrated characterized in that comprises a; and a repeater that relays wireless communication between the sensor unit, the mask, the wireless terminal and the control center.


Introduction: Bone thickness in the anterior of the maxilla is one of the major concerns for implant placement. The aim of the present study is to evaluate stability of demineralized freeze- dried bone (DFDB) graft for augmentation of buccal defects during implant placement at the anterior of the maxilla using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: The DFDB graft was used for augmentation of buccal defects during implant placement at the anterior of the maxilla. The amount of remnant DFDB was measured in three points: Coronal, middle and apical portion of the buccal sides of implants after one year. Results: Twenty-two samples were included in this study. All of the exposed implants were osseo-integrated. A significant difference was detected for remnant grafting bone in the coronal and apical portion of the implants between the central site and the lateral site ( P 0.05 ). Conclusion: DFDB could be used successfully for augmentation of buccal defects during implant placement. It is assumed that approximately 50% of DFDB is resorbed one year after grafting. The recipient site may influence the amount of resorption rate.


This article examines H. S. Skovoroda's thought and poetics in the context of the concept of Philosophia perennis – as participating in the one Eternal Wisdom that persists throughout all times. 1 I will examine how Skovoroda achieves an ontology of poetics and a poetics of ontology in the context of Philosophia Perennis , which came to his attention twenty-five years earlier than Freemasonry came to Russia


This study uses the mathematical software Maple for the auxiliary tool to evaluate two types of definite integrals. We can determine the closed forms of these two types of definite integrals by using Leibniz differential rule and differentiation with respect to a parameter. At the same time, we provide some definite integrals to do calculation practically. The research methods adopted in this study involved finding solutions through manual calculations and verifying these solutions by using Maple. This type of research method not only allows the discovery of calculation errors, but also helps modify the original directions of thinking from manual and Maple calculations. Therefore, Maple provides insights and guidance regarding problem-solving methods.


This Essay is brought to you for free and open access by Iowa Research Online. It has been accepted for inclusion in Walt Whitman Quarterly Review by an authorized administrator of Iowa Research Online. For more information, please contact firstname.lastname@example.com. Recommended Citation Loving, Jerome. "Osgood's Folly: The Sixth Edition of Leaves of Grass." Walt Whitman Quarterly Review 24 (Fall 2006), 118-125.


The present article studies the opinion of the population of Gipuzkoa about the presence of politics in infotainment programmes, and more specifically about the participation of political leaders in this kind of TV shows. At the same time, it is aimed at determining the profile of citizens more and less inclined toward this phenomenon. This work presents the results of a survey of a representative sample of the population of Gipuzkoa. First of all, it establishes that the attitude of the people from Gipuzkoa towards the presence of politics in infotainment programmes is generally unfavourable. Women and those of older age are the groups with the most critical attitude. At the same time, individuals who perceive themselves as left-leaning are seen as more critical. On the other hand, those who have more interest in politics and the ones who watch this kind of programmes display less opposing attitudes. These results suggest that individuals could be condemning the trend towards mixing real facts and fiction leading to the infotainment phenomenon not fulfilling its original objective of causing an impact on its audience. Ultimately, political communication is at the crossroads between the renowned cardboard cut-out picture and the most sensationalist TV showcase.


The Maomaochang-Zhazichang Pb-Zn deposit,which is a medium sized representative,is located in the central part of the Pb-Zn mineralization concentrated area in the northwestern Guizhou.This article has analyzed the potential for exploring mineral resources in depth of the Maomaochang-Zhazichang Pb-Zn deposit based on the ore-forming conditions of the Pb-Zn deposit,the vertical variation of the Pb-Zn mineralization,magmatic activities and geophysical features of the area,and the comparison of the same type of deposits in the area.It is believed that there is a good potential for exploring mineral resources as a certain scale primary Pb-Zn orebody could be existed in depth of the area.


water flows from the consumer's taps, but a safe drinking water can be transformed into one which is potentially hazardous by the method of dispensing. Insanitary drinking receptacles, such as beverage glasses, may be responsible for disease transmission, and contamination may result from back siphonage or cross connections with unpotable water systems. Another possible means of contamination may be the drinking fountain, depending upon its design and maintenance. In 1909 the health authorities in


The paper describes the performance feature and working principle of hydraulic fixture with double piston in single cylinder driven by symmetrical double eccentric cams,gives mechanics calculating formula.The fixture has the advantages of compactness in structure,protecting the workpiece surface,less frictional loss and large output force through computational analysis.


This easy-to-use reference helps practitioners quickly diagnose common skin disorders and determine appropriate treatment options. More than 900 full-color photographs—enlarged for greater clarity in this edition—speed diagnosis by showing the distinguishing characteristics of each disorder and providing clear comparisons between similar looking conditions. The book also includes formulary tables of leading topical and systemic agents by generic and brand name; patient handouts in English and Spanish; and step-by-step descriptions of basic dermatologic procedures.


The themes of maritime commerce and the whaling fishery that linked early colonial Australia and early post-colonial America are explored. The developments in America and colonial Australia both of which were maritime Nations, during the period between 1600 and the turn of the 20th century, and the reason for their existence being the supreme maritime power, Great Britain, are discussed.


With interest I read the Viewpoint of Landewe in which he discussed six domains in rheumatology in which progress has been made in the last decennia, and where the occurrence of overdiagnosis and subsequent overtreatment could be a disadvantageous side effect.1 I appreciate and agree with his concerns. Indeed, the burden of unnecessary treatment should be avoided for individual patients and for society as a whole, especially if expensive drugs (eg, biologics) are applied.

The Viewpoint is written from the general concept, referring to advances in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), spondyloarthritis and psoriatic arthritis. With respect to the paradigm 'early diagnosis', Landewe included a remark concerning the recent efforts to identify patients at risk for RA in the symptomatic phase that precedes the development of clinically evident arthritis.1 When discussing the risks of overtreatment as a drawback of early identification of RA, it is important to put the discussion in the correct context.

Arthralgia suspicious for progression to RA (or clinically suspect arthralgia, CSA) is …


A new method has been developed for determination of the species of origin of denatured bloodstains. Antiserum with known titer is incubated with the denatured bloodstain. If the bloodstain has the same origin as the antiserum, a substantial amount of antibody will be absorbed by the stain, resulting in an attenuation of the antiserum titer. By reacting the supernatant with a known serum by using immunodiffusion it is possible to detect any appreciable attenuation of the antiserum titer. We have been able to determine the species of origin of various denatured bloodstains using this inhibition method.


This paper challenges previous research which suggested that Asian students' difficulties in reading critically in pre-tertiary English for Academic Purposes (EAP) classes are primarily intellectual and cultural problems of Asian 'group' culture. Starting from the view that student views and experiences need to inform the debate on this issue, this paper presents and explores a range of individual student perspectives on critical reading pedagogy, including the design of classroom tasks and texts, their understanding of their reading purpose and a discussion of factors they believe that facilitate or hinder successful completion of such tasks.


Non-conserved composite operators like the quark axial current have divergent matrix elements therefore must be renormalized. We explore how this can be done in quark model calculations where the systematic procedure of dimensional regularization and minimal subtraction is not applicable. We propose a most natural and convenient regularization scheme of cutting the intermediate quark states over which we sum in loop diagram calculations at a certain energy. We show that this scheme works perfectly for the quark axial current and we obtain the quark spin contribution to the proton spin: $\Delta_u=0.82$, $\Delta_d=-0.43$, $\Delta_s=-0.10$, which is in excellent agreement with experiments.


Understanding how wine compositional traits can be related to sensory profiles is an important and ongoing challenge. Enhancing knowledge in this area could assist producers to select practices that deliver wines of the desired style and sensory specifications. This work reports the use of spectrofluorometry in conjunction with chemometrics for prediction, correlation, and classification based on sensory descriptors obtained using a rate-all-that-apply sensory assessment of Cabernet-Sauvignon wines (n = 26). Sensory results were first subjected to agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis, which separated the wines into five clusters represented by different sensory profiles. The clusters were modelled in conjunction with excitation-emission matrix (EEM) data from fluorescence measurements using extreme gradient boosting discriminant analysis. This machine learning technique was able to classify the wines into the pre-defined sensory clusters with 100 % accuracy. Parallel factor analysis of the EEMs identified four main fluorophore components that were tentatively assigned as catechins, phenolic aldehydes, anthocyanins, and resveratrol (C1, C2, C3, and C4, respectively). Association of these four components with different sensory descriptors was possible through multiple factor analysis, with C1 relating to 'dark fruits' and 'savoury', C2 with 'barnyard', C3 with 'cooked vegetables' and 'vanilla/chocolate', and C4 with 'barnyard' and a lack of C1 descriptors. Partial least squares regression modelling was undertaken with EEM data and sensory results, with a model for perceived astringency being able to predict the panel scores with 68.1 % accuracy. These encouraging outcomes pave the way for further studies that relate sensory traits to fluorescence data and move research closer to the ultimate goal of predicting wine sensory expression from a small number of compositional factors.


The purpose of this paper is to examine the quality of message and level of knowledge of TV programs amongst first time and repeat visitors by domestic tourists to national parks. The objective of this article is to analyze the relationship between content and information about national parks amongst first time and repeat visitors by domestic tourists to national parks. This study was conducted in Southern National Parks of Tanzania. Written survey was used where quantitative data were collected. Semi-structured questionnaires were handed to 420 respondents and subjected to descriptive statistics and univariate analysis. The findings showed that there is a statistically significant relationship between content and information about national parks amongst first time and repeat visitors by domestic tourists to national parks F (22.563) and (p = 0.000). The outcome of this paper implies that tourism stakeholders can improve promotion of domestic tourism through content and information about national parks.


The wind-rain-induced static characteristics test,was carried out by considering the static performance of a long-span bridge under the joint wind and rain field,taking an double-slotted box girder of bridge as the research object,utilizing the system of simultaneous actions of wind and rain built in the atmospheric boundary layer wind tunnel.Through analysis of the increment of wind-rain-induced static forces in joint wind and rain field comparing to wind-induced static forces in single wind field,the influencing rule of rainfall on the wind-induced static forces of bridge deck sections was obtained.Experimental results display the effect of change of flow field and water film on the surface of bridges on the wind-induced drag force of bridge deck sections is dominant.The effect of impact force of rainfall on the wind-induced drag force of bridge deck sections is less influential.The gravity of raindrops,impact force of rain,change of flow field and water film on the surface of bridges all have certain contribution on the wind-induced lift force of bridge deck sections.The change of flow field and water film on the surface of bridges play a more important role on the wind-induced pitching moment of bridge deck sections comparing to the gravity of raindrops and the impact force of rainfall.The result shows that change of flow field and water film on the surface of the bridge show obvious influencing on static characteristics of bridge.


Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are a group of conditions that cause chronic orofacial pain. The tumor necrosis factor β (TNF‐β) is a proinflammatory cytokine that is involved in the various aspects of the inflammatory process including organization and maintenance, and in the arrangement of cells at the inflammation site. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between TNF‐β +252A/G (rs909253) variant and susceptibility to TMD in a Turkish cohort.


Patient positioning and transport system with a transportable patient couch (1) and a transport carriage (2) for transporting the patient couch (1) with the patient, the patient couch (1) being removable from the transport carriage (2) and arrangable on a diagnosis or treatment station (4) characterized in that the patient couch (1) rests on at least one adapter plate (3, 11, 19), the patient couch (1) including the at least one adapter plate (3, 11, 19) being supported in this manner on the transport carriage (2) and are designed such that the patient couch (1) can be removed separately, with one or more adapter plates (3, 11, 19) and can be transferred to different, differently designed diagnosis or treatment stations (4) and back.