1. The effect of welding conditions on the cooling characteristic of the welded joints is basically equal to that of the head welds. The joint by low current-low speed welding condition has a hardness distribution close to that of the air weld, and has good mechanical properties with respect to elongation, reduction of area, charpy absorbed energy, etc. 2. The range of temperature which the slow crack preceded the brittle fracture occurred in the underwater welds in the three-points bend COD test is -85•Ž to -75•Ž. Therefore, with underwater environment taken into account, there is little possibility of brittle fracture in these welds. 3. To improve the mechanical property of underwater weld joint, the possibility of induction heating in water has been studied, and it has been shown that the weld can be heated up to 650•Ž by this heat treatment, and the mechanical properties of the weld have improved nearly up to that of the air weld.


The invention provides a method, a device and a system for processing audio/video formats. The processing method comprises the following steps of: acquiring the audio/video format supported by each path of a display at the downstream of a signal source, wherein n paths of the displays at the downstream of the signal source are provided, and n is not less than 2 and is an integer; comparing the audio/video formats supported by all various paths of the displays at the downstream of the signal source; if the various paths of the displays at the downstream of the signal source have the co-supported audio/video formats, sending the co-supported audio/video formats of the various paths of the displays to a storage, thus the storage stores the co-supported audio/video formats of the various paths of the displays, and then the signal source outputs audio/video data to the outside according to the co-supported audio/video formats of the various paths of the displays. Therefore, by virtue of the method for processing audio/video formats provided by the invention, the audio/video formats output by the signal source can be supported by all the displays at the downstream.


In the past, we only know robots that looked like a machine. Well nowadays, with the contribution of robots in our life and technological development, we can find many robots that look like human. Humanoid robotics can be said as the most complex robot types because the robots are completed with various components and programs so it can imitate human perfectly. Currently humanoid robots are being implemented in a wide range of industries. The most common place to find humanoid robots is in the entertainment industry. In present time robots has go into a wide development and innovation for real life needs. Depending on the applications a wide variety of humanoids have being developed in the field of space exploration, military, agriculture, construction and manufacture, education, sports, medical, research, entertainment etc. The new applications will require social interaction between humans and robots. If a robot is able to analyze and synthesize speech, eye movements, mimics, gestures, and body language, it will be capable of intuitive communication with humans. Last, but not least, humanoid robots are used as a tool to understand human intelligence. A detailed survey on the current types of humanoid based on its application is dealt in this paper. This is a complete paper on humanoid robotics. IndexTerms—Humanoids, Gestures.(keywords) ________________________________________________________________________________________________________


This study examined three attitudinal dimensions of coupon usage. A review of the literature suggested that price consciousness, time value, and satisfaction/pride are three major motivational factors that determine coupon usage by consumers. Measurement of these three variables, using Likert‐type items, revealed acceptable levels of reliability. The three factors were found to relate to coupon usage as hypothesized. Further, significant differences were found in the predicted direction between coupon users and nonusers. Managerial implications and recommendations are provided.


This study reports on bereaved spouses' assessments of their participation in twenty-six self-help groups which consisted of eight weekly meetings (short-term; N = 82) or ten monthly meetings in addition to the weekly ones (long-term; N = 52). Regardless of the duration of the groups whether they were led by a professional or a widowed peer, assessments were generally positive. The most commonly reported benefit the participants hoped to gain was emotional support. No statistical differences were noted between those in the short- versus long-term condition or between those in the widow- versus professional-led groups regarding perceived helpfulness of the meetings, level of participation, or the extent to which participants' primary needs were filled. Trends, however, seemed to favor those in the long-term groups. Statistically significant correlations were observed between the number of meetings attended and a composite index of perceived value of the meetings. Major recommendations include the importance of making self-help groups that allow for greater involvement over time available for older bereaved adults, and to make use of both professionals and widowed persons as group leaders.


Understanding the mechanics of the upper airway is critical to the research on the pathophysiology of upper airway obstruction. This article will review the determinants of upper airway patency including the upper airway dilating muscles, the transmural pressure across the airway, pharyngeal compliance, and craniofacial structure. During sleep, loss of the wakefulness stimulus to breathe results in decreased upper airway caliber and increased resistance. Models that characterize the relationship between pressure and flow of the upper airway during sleep and that explain upper airway collapsibility during sleep will be presented. Finally, a proposed scheme of the pathophysiology of upper airway collapse during sleep will be presented.

Keywords:

upper airway resistance;
collapsiblity;
nasopharynx;
sleep;
upper airway dilators;
inspiratory flow limitation;
sleep-disordered breathing;
Starling resistor


Abstract : Lower Mississippi River macroinvertebrate drift densities and composition were determined at 3-hr intervals over 24-hr periods in mid-May and early June 1982. Samples were taken at the surface, middepth, and near the bottom at a nearshore sampling station and the surface and middepth at a sampling near the navigation channel. The overall mean drift density equaled 35.0 invertebrates/100 m3 of water. Overall, Chaoborus larvae were the most common invertebrates collected, followed, respectively, by chironomid pupae, Hydra sp., Hydropsyche orris, and Hexagenia sp. The abundance of various taxa in the Lower Mississippi River's drift seem to change markedly on a site-to-site basis, as a function of the physical characteristics of the river and its substrates in a certain area. This site-to-site heterogeneity, coupled with the lack of lateral homogeneity and the definite diel periodicity exhibited by some taxa, provides evidence that, even in an immense river such as the Mississippi, many of the organisms drift as they do in small streams, traveling relatively short distances with total movement rather saltatory. Keywords: Marine biology


This paper presents a model for the contact mechanics of tread blocks on a free-rolling pneumatic tyre, of a complexity intermediate between sophisticated 3D finite element (FE) analyses and simple brush models. The model is able to capture the essential physics of the contact while being sufficiently simple to be incorporated into dynamic tyre models, such as can be used to predict hub forces. The tread blocks


The filaggrin gene (FLG) plays a role in skin diseases, with the skin barrier function being impaired in FLG null carriers. The role of FLG status in relation to nickel penetration into the skin remains unclear.


Urban cycling is a sustainable transport mode that many cities are promoting. However, few cities are taking advantage of geospatial technologies to represent and analyse cycling mobility based on the behavioural patterns and difficulties faced by cyclists. This study analyses a geospatial dataset crowdsourced by urban cyclists using an experimental, mobile geo-game. Fifty-seven participants recorded bicycle trips during one week periods in three cities. By aggregating them, we extracted not only the cyclists' preferred streets but also the frictions faced during cycling. We successfully identified 284 places potentially having frictions: 71 in Münster, Germany; 70 in Castelló, Spain; and 143 in Valletta, Malta. At such places, participants recorded bicycle segments at lower speeds indicating a deviation from an ideal cycling scenario. We describe the potential frictions inhibiting bicycle commuting with regard to the distance to bicycle paths, surrounding infrastructure, and location in the urban area.


"There can be no theatre without architecture, whether it be the cathedral square, the arena of Nimes, the palace of the Popes, the trestle stage on a fairground … or the rococo amphitheatres of the boulevard houses…."


A recent technique in cost modelling for an activity in a company, such as the delivery of a product or a service, is time-driven activity-based costing. The time for an activity is modelled in a time equation as the cumulative time effect of a number of included drivers (the partial time) and an error term for omitted drivers (the residual time). The estimated time for a transaction – that is a particular occurrence of an activity – is the estimated partial time, where the time per driver unit is obtained from interviews with personnel, and the driver volume or number of units in a driver is reported by the company computer system. An analysis of the error in the estimated partial time as predictor of the true transaction time is given, as well as the impact on this error when the time equation is refined by adding a time-driver. On this base, a design protocol to obtain an optimal time equation is suggested, and a prediction interval for the true transaction time from the estimated partial time is given.


The West Coast Rock Lobster fishery is Australia's most valuable commercial fishery. Around 550 vessels harvest 10,500 tonnes of lobster per annum. The industry has an enviable track record of biological management which has been based on a variety of input controls. In recent years this has necessitated three significant pot reduction interventions. This paper reports the results of an evaluation of a range of possible future management regimes. The results are based on the development of a detailed bio-economic model of the fishery that uses non linear optimization to produce ten year steady state solutions for alternative management options. Options analysed include the current pot control system, and versions of variable transferable catch quota. Key outputs for each scenario are presented include: net economic benefits, breeder biomass index, annual catch, annual pot lifts, number of pots and vessel numbers. The model specifically allows for the three biological zones in the fishery. The results indicate significant potential net economic gains from moving away from the current input control regime. The range of scenarios modelled allows fisheries managers and fishers to analyse the tradeoffs between mazimizing net economic returns and biological risks as well as assessing the impact of specific policy changes such as improved pot design and extended fishing seasons. The research has involved extensive consultation with fishers and fisheries managers and the results will be used by the industry in developing a new management system during 2006 to 2008.


Conflicts in forestry in relation with the policy of Forest Concession occur in areas of West Kalimantan. One of which is in Sintang, especially in Merako, Serawai District a company runs business in forest concession owned by PT. Sari Bumi Kusuma. The aim of this research is to investigate role of local people relationship reducing conflicts between PT Sari Bumi Kusuma and the local people. The strategy of local people relationship in supporting the policy of forest forest concession by PT Sari Bumi Kusuma is good to practice among internal staff, shareholders, and local people living nearby the location. The relationship between staff is good but not with local people; this is related to local people income, staff recruitment, and farming system.


This is the final report of a three-year, Laboratory-Directed Research and Development (LDRD) project at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). The major goal has been to develop accelerator transmutation of waste (ATW) system designs that will thoroughly and rapidly transmute nuclear waste, including plutonium from dismantled weapons and spent reactor fuel, while generating useful electrical power and without producing a long-lived radioactive waste stream. We have identified and quantified the unique qualities of subcritical nuclear systems and their capabilities in bringing about the complete destruction of plutonium. Although the subcritical systems involved in our most effective designs radically depart from traditional nuclear reactor concepts, they are based on extrapolations of existing technologies. Overall, care was taken to retain the highly desired features that nuclear technology has developed over the years within a conservative design envelope. We believe that the ATW systems designed in this project will enable almost complete destruction of nuclear waste (conversion to stable species) at a faster rate and without many of the safety concerns associated with the possible reactor approaches.


In this paper, the model to simulate the impact of bend induced mode distortion on the beam quality and mode instability (MI) threshold of fiber amplifier is established, and the results show that the bend induced mode distortion will degrade the beam quality of fiber laser and decrease the MI threshold. The bend induced mode distortion will change the gain of active fiber, then destroy the beam quality of fiber amplifier, and decrease the MI threshold, but the bend loss will suppress high order mode. Therefore, with the decreasing of fiber bend radius, the MI threshold will decrease firstly, and then increase.


In a patriarchal society like India, HIV-positive women remain more vulnerable to rights violation. The state as the guardian of rights needs to guarantee the rights of HIV-positive women. If the state fails, civil society activism can act as an alternative protagonist of their rights. In Karnataka and West Bengal, there are some civil society organisations (CSOs) engaged in advocacy or activism for ensuring the socio-economic and health rights to HIV-positive women. The activism led by CSOs has generally concentrated on soft demands; as a result, consensus was maintained and confrontation was avoided with the state.


Solid tumor hypoxia is a poor outcome predictor for radiotherapy, chemotherapy and also surgical treatment options. Recently, oxygen microbubbles (OMB) have shown promise as an adjuvant therapy to relieve such tumor hypoxia. However, a key limiting factor remains the lack of available data in vivo of the dose-response and time-dynamics of this OMB-induced reoxygenation. Here we study the kinetics of OMB-induced hypoxia-modulation by continuously measuring tumor hypoxia in vivo before, during and after OMB administration.


This paper offers stochastic projections of the Central Bank of Chile's balance sheet (stocks and flows), grounded on its present deficit situation. These projections incorporate the effect on the balance sheet of some macroeconomic variables and alternative policies, taking into consideration the economy's inherent uncertainty and risks. It also describes and evaluates the main causes of the current deficit. In the baseline scenario, our deterministic projections show that the Central Bank's capital will tend to grow and reach positive figures after twenty-five years. However, statistical projections indicate that this capital will continue in the red twenty-five years into the future with a 69% probability. On the other hand, a capital contribution of 7% of GDP would be necessary for senior liabilities not to surpass assets in ten years' time, with a 95% probability. The likely evolution of capital is more favorable in the long run if the reserve hoarding growth rate is moderated, if minimum capital is established in real terms instead of nominal terms, and if accrued, unrealized, foreign exchange gains are not distributed.


Quadratic gravity presents us with a renormalizable, asymptotically free theory of quantum gravity. When its couplings grow strong at some scale, as in QCD, then this strong scale sets the Planck mass. QCD has a gluon that does not appear in the physical spectrum. Quadratic gravity has a spin-2 ghost that we conjecture does not appear in the physical spectrum. We discuss how the QCD analogy leads to this conjecture and to the possible emergence of general relativity. Certain aspects of the QCD path integral and its measure are also similar for quadratic gravity. With the addition of the Einstein-Hilbert term, quadratic gravity has a dimensionful parameter that seems to control a quantum phase transition and the size of a mass gap in the strong phase.


1. Specific values of constants needed to estimate fresh weight (K w) and volume (K v) of Greater Rhea eggs were obtained. 2. The average value for the weight coefficient (K w) was 0·57, whereas that for volume (K v) was 0·51. Accuracy of results obtained with these values was ±2·1% and ±3·5%, respectively. 3. The fresh weight and volume of Greater Rhea eggs can be easily estimated by means of these specific coefficients when those measurements cannot be taken directly.


In this paper, a single-fed four-panel 4×1 patch array antenna operating at 2.43 GHz with switched beam capability is proposed. The design allows the beam to be switched between four discrete directions giving 360° coverage. The antenna beam is switched over the azimuth plane for Φ = 0°, Φ = 90°, Φ = 180°, and Φ = 270°. The beam control is achieved by using GaN-based HEMT SPDT switches. Only three SPDT switches are integrated directly into the structure, allowing its nature to be electrically controlled over the desired four directions. Simulated and measured reflection coefficients and radiation patterns for the four cases are presented and discussed, showing good agreement. The antenna gain is around 3.8 dB including switches losses at 2.43 GHz.


Objective
To compare the difference between color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) and superb microvascular imaging (SMI) in the evaluation of vascular grading and the display rate of vascular in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).

Methods
Between June 2015 and December 2015 in Beijing Chaoyang Hosptial, 50 patients with 61 thyroid nodules were detected by ultrasonography, and pathologic types were confirmed as PTC. CDFI and SMI were used to evaluation the same nodule respectively according to Adler′s grading criteria. The different flow characteristics were analyzed by the χ2 test.

Results
In CDFI, the vascular grading of 33 patients were 0 ~Ⅰ and these of 28 patients were Ⅱ~Ⅲ by CDFI. In SMI, the vascular grading of 6 patients were 0 ~Ⅰ and these of 55 patients were Ⅱ~Ⅲ by SMI. There was a significant difference between CDFI and SMI for vascular grading (χ2=27.475, P<0.01). In CDFI, 50 patients with PTC showed punctiform and rod-like flow signals, and 5 patients showed more detail internal small branches by CDFI. In SMI, 42 patients with PTC showed punctiform and rod-like flow signals, and 17 patients showed more detail internal small branches. There was a significant difference between CDFI and SMI about the display rate of vascular (χ2=7.011, P<0.01).

Conclusions
Compared with CDFI, SMI is highly improved blood flow sensitivity. It can provide more detail internal small branches in PTC. The characteristics of vascular distribution are similar to strengthening mode of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in PTC, therefore, SMI is worth to further research.

Key words:
Ultrasonography, Doppler; Thyroid neoplasms; Thyroid gland


Standard parameter estimation schemes for statistical translation models can struggle to find reasonable settings on some parallel corpora. We show how auxiliary information can be used to constrain the procedure directly by restricting the set of alignments explored during parameter estimation. This enables the integration of bilingual and monolingual knowledge sources while retaining the flexibility of the underlying models. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach for incorporating linguistic and domain-specific constraints on various parallel corpora, and consider the importance of using the context of the parallel text to guide the application of such constraints.


This article explores the failure of a DC/DC converter without start-up overshoot and provides solutions to a problem that is relevant to space electronic systems.


An undesirable mechanical vibrations defect occurs during common process of cold rolling operation known as chatter. This happened due to numerous discrepancies occurring during manufacturing process, such as roll vibration, variation in strip tension and negative damping [1]. Chatters lead to thickness variation (across the width), surface damage and undesirable noise at work place. The final product quality gets tremendously affected by chatter marks on the surface of rolled strip and until now it is difficult to discover the generation mechanism and methods to identify chatter marks [2]. Chatter marks have been recognized as a main restriction on productivity and economic benefits. Chatter marks generate during the start and the finish periods of the rolling process and damage the surface quality [3] and appear on rolled strip as periodic pattern of light-dark band. Physical appearance of chatter mark on rolled sheet has been showed in Figure 1a &1b.


Abstract A definition of the objects of a science in terms of precise measuring operations M gives the objects a set-theoretical character whereby complexity, seen as a multiplicity of possible final outcomes, emerges. An adaptive strategy introduces a frequent readjustment of the M settings, which reduces that multiplicity. This way, an adaptive cognitive task can be seen as the extraction of a simple map out of a complex landscape.


Monosulfuron was developed for weed control in the field of wheat( Triticum, aestivum L. ) and millet( Panicum miliaceum L. )with the application rate ranging from 15 to 60 g ai/hm2 . Herbicidal activity of monosulfuron was evaluated systematically by bioassay using maize( Zea mays L. ) taproot as indicator and weed fresh weight of Acalypha australis L. and Echinochloa phyllopogon. Maize CAU 3138was the most tolerant cultivars to monosulfuron with IC50 (concentration of 50% inhibition) of 85 μg/kg, Yedan 13 was one of the most sensitive cultivars to monosulfuron with IC50 of 6.4 μg/kg. Monosulfuron inhibited the growth of Acalypha australis L. strongly comparing with that of Echinochloa phyllopogon. Monosulfuron was a good acetolactate synthase(ALS) inhibitor in vitro, the/50 (50% of inhibition) of monosulfuron, chlorsulfuron, tribenuron-methyl and nicosulfuron for CAU 3138 were 32, 2, 19 and 26 nmol/L respectively, for Yedan 13 the /50 were 15, 3, 17 and 65 nmol/L respectively. In vivo ALS inhibition occurred only in higher concentration of 4 sulfonylurea herbicide tested. Comparison study of this test indicated that the mode of action of monosulfuron was the same as that of other sulfonylurea herbicides such as chlorsulfuron, tribenuron-methyl and nicosulfuron, they were all inhibitors targeted at the ALS.


The invention discloses a gas stove with an air film type combustion device. The air film type combustion device at least comprises an air film flow device and a combustor, wherein the air film flow device is arranged around the combustor; an air film flow channel is arranged between the top of the air film flow device and the outer circle of the combustor; an air flow provided by the air film flow device forms an air film flow around the outer circle of the combustor and in a secondary air channel on the inner circle of the combustor; or a flow guide device is arranged on the air film flow device, and the air film flow is guided to an injection pipe part of the combustor; and the air film flow on the outer circle of the combustor is led to different parts around the top of the combustor through the air film flow channel. According to the gas stove, the air film flow idea in aviation is applied to a gas stove, the combustion is sufficient, the temperature field is uniform, and the energy saving and environmental protection effect is obvious; the temperatures of the surface and an inner cavity of the gas stove can be remarkably reduced, the panel rigidity of the stove is obviously enhanced, and the breakage of a glass panel and a ceramic panel is effectively prevented; and the gas stove disclosed by the invention has a wide application range, and the development space of the gas stove is widened.


ABSRTACT Marine sedimentary phosphorites of Late Cretaceous, Paleocene and Eocene age are wide spread in the Western Desert of Iraq. The Paleocene deposits (Akashat Formation) are the most extensive in thickness and distribution, and are industrially exploited. They are granular phosphorites composed mostly of ooids and peloids, with accessory amounts of coprolites and fish scales. The cementing material is calcite. The phosphate mineralogy is carbonate fluorapatite (francolite). Rare earth elements, phosphorus and yttrium were analyzed in ten concentrated carbonate fluorapatite samples from the Paleocene phosphorite of Iraq. The concentrated apatites included coprolites, peloids – ooids, bones and teeth. The results show lower REE content relative to average world phosphorites, and the coprolites contained the highest concentrations among the three types of phosphate grains studied, whereas the bioclasts contained the lowest concentrations. The data were normalized relative to average shale and compared to REE patterns of seawater, and average world phosphorites. The REE patterns of the Iraqi Paleocene apatites are relatively depleted in REE, but they show distribution patterns comparable to seawater and average world phosphorites. The seawater pattern with the negative Ce anomaly of the studied apatites reflects the influence of deep seawater on their origin. Variation in the REE content of the various apatite grains was related to their mode of formation, duration of contact with sea water, mass/surface ratio of the grains, as well as to probable diagenetic alterations.


We propose a novel approach for approximately maximizing influence in the independent cascade model. The new model is based on "profit maximization" for selecting initial influencers in a graph, and frames this problem as a distributed constraint optimization problem. We further propose a reduction so that this can be used to approximately solve the canonical k-best influencers problem widely used in the literature. Finally, we analyze the performance of this algorithm on a number of different graph structures against the performance of an approximation algorithm for the k-best influencers problem.


The flaky titanic acid having a polymerizable functional group, its suspension, and adhesion to obtain a titanic acid coating film excellent, and titanic acid film-coated resin substrate. Processing a layered titanate with an acid, followed by a flaky titanic acid obtained by swelling of interlayer spaces or delamination by reacting an organic basic compounds, organic basic at least part of the organic basic compound having a polymerizable functional group such as an acrylic group or a methacrylic group and characterized in that the compound, preferably, the layered titanate the formula The flaky titanic acid, the layered titanate, the flaky titanic acid suspension, a titanic acid film-coated resin substrate, a polymerizable functional group, an organic basic compound


Objectives: Primary: to assess the effects of care in an alternative institutional birth environment compared to care in a conventional institutional setting. Secondary: to determine if the effects of birth settings are influenced by staffing, architectural features, organizational models or geographical location.


classes taught. At the same time, we believe it is possible and necessary to identlfy the basic principles which ought to characterize the academic and professional preparation of individuals aspiring to careers in journalism and mass communication. The Task Force sought to identiQ the integrating principles that should characterize education for mass communication in the twenty-first century. Readers will find shared principles and concepts among the reports from the six specialty subcommittees, as well as a p proaches to liberal arts and sciences proposed from both within and outside the journalism and mass communication curriculum. They will not find any mandates or prescribed model curricula. They will find distillation of shared concern by professors and communication professionals regarding basic principles and understandings which ought to characterize effective education for journalism and mass communication. Finally, we hope that the work of the Task Force will prompt continuing discussion and evaluation. Curricula developed in 1968 are not necessarily pertinent for 1988, and those satisfactory in 1988 will not necessarily hold a decade or two from now. Education is not static, nor are the demands of the professions. They all involve process, growth, change. Education should both reflect and lead as we prepare for the coming decade and century. Special thanks are due to task force chairs and members listed at the conclusion of each part of this report; to respondents in the surveys and advisers during various phases of the work; and to colleagues and critics, sometimes one and the same. Without the support of the Gannett Foundation and the Knight Foundation, the work could not have been completed, and we thank them for yet another sign of their commitment to excellence in journalism and journalism education.


Ant diversity in the plantation ecosystem has an important role in maintaining the balance of the ecosystem and the continuity of crop production. It aims to find out ant diversity and the role of ants present in oil palm, rubber, and cocoa plantation ecosystems in Dharmasraya District. The research location is Kecamatan Pulau Punjung, Sitiung, and Koto Besar. The method used in this research is Systematic Random Sampling (Random Design Selected). Sampling using the Qudran Protocol method is Soil And Leaf Litter Sieving, Pitfall trap, Bait Trap, and Hand Collecting. Identification is done at the Laboratory of Animal Taxonomy, Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Andalas University. The diversity and evenness of ants in some types of plantations in Dharmasraya Regency were moderate (H '<1) and (E <0.63). There were 16 species of ants; the most abundant species were Aneplolephis graciliphes and Odontoponera denticulate.


Abstract The hybrid joints being used in the design of mechanical structures because of their significant advantages. The tubular lap joints are used widely in aerospace, naval, and transport industries such as rudder and elevator rods, driving shafts, pull push rods, anti-roll bar and stabilizer bar in cars, trucks and trains. The torsional behavior of mechanical, adhesively bonded, and hybrid tubular lap joints for aluminum to aluminum, and composite to aluminum subjected to pure torsion have been investigated experimentally. The effect of outer tube material and thickness, the joint's type, and cured and post-cured temperature (room temperature and 40 °C), have been investigated experimentally. A fixture and a torsional set-up device have been designed and manufactured to apply the required torque to the joint. The outcomes from composite to aluminum joints confirm that the hybrid joint has 39.5% and 276.6% higher torque capacity than the mechanical joint and adhesively bonded joint, respectively. Furthermore, the cured and post-cured process at 40 °C, increased the maximum torque to failure, 37.6% and 57.1% for adhesively bonded and hybrid (rivet/bonded) joint, respectively. It has been observed that by upgrading the mechanical joint and adhesively bonded joint to the hybrid (rivet/bonded) joint, increasing the amount of joint's strength and torque capacity in comparison with the increase in the weight of the structure is affordable.


Objective To observe the efficacy of "Xijiao Dihuang Decoction" on chronic hepatitis B with excessive noxious heat.Methods Ninty-two patients were randomly divided into treatment group and control group,46 cases in each group,and were respectively given "Xijiao Dihuang Decoction" and "Heat-Clearing and Body-Detoxifying Beverage" for Hepatitis B for two consecutive courses,3 months for each course.Symptoms,liver function and hepatitis B virus indexs were observed.Results "Xijiao Dihuang Decoction" improved the patient's symptoms,lowered the levels of serum TBiL,ALT,AST,γ-GT and HBV-DNA,with remarkable differences with control group.Conclusion "Xijiao Dihuang Decoction" is effective in treating chronic hepatitis B with excessive noxious heat.


The microwave dielectric properties and microstructure of Ba 4.5(Nd 0.84,Bi 0.16) 9Ti 18O 54(BNBT) ceramics with SrO or SnO 2 additives were investigated. BNBT precursor powders doped with different contents of SrCO 3or SnO 2 for the substitution of Ba or Ti were synthesized at 1 100 ℃ for 3h and then BNBT samples were sintered at 1 270 ℃ for 3 h. The dielectric constant e r and the quality factors Q were measured at 10 GHz by using resonance cavity method and the temperature coefficients of resonant frequency were also measured in the temperature range of 20-90 ℃. Experimental results indicate that the substitution of 0.04 mol Sr ions for Ba ions can improve Qf values from 5 899 GHz to 9 259 GHz and keep high dielectric constant. It is explained that the substitution reduces the inner strain, which is caused by the larger Ba ions occupying the sites in the perovskite blocks for Nd ions, because the ionic radius of the Sr ion is smaller than that of the Ba ion. The doping with small amount of Sn is helpful to decrease τ f from 28.7×10 -6/K to 13.5×10 -6/K and improve dielectric constant by substitution of Sn ion for Ti ion at the site of Ti-O octahedral, which results in the increase of cell volume of the tungsten bronze-type structure.


Procedural safeguards have been in place for years with the intention of protecting the rights of parents and their children with disabilities. Despite the promises of the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act, parents have not mastered the tools they need to be active participants in their child's special education. Educators must inform parents of children with disabilities of their rights and responsibilities in documents that clearly communicate the expectation that parents can and will advocate for their children. Review of the documents currently used to inform parents of their rights, as well as relevant literature on the topic, indicated that parents are not empowered to give informed consent. This study sought to talk directly with parents of children with disabilities to explore whether a redesigned notice of procedural safeguards document is warranted and could support parents' engagement in their child's special education. Interview data collected demonstrated that parents of children with disabilities see a need for revised documents and need functional information from the schools. The implementation of rights notices that authentically inform parents could bring about a shift in the culture of special education and include all parents as active participants in their child's special education.


In two experiments in established swards of perennial ryegrass and white clover, plots were treated with pesticides to control slugs, leather-jackets, weevil larvae and lucerne flea as selectively as possible. Other plots were treated to control ail of these pests.

Chlorpyrifos application in early summer (to control weevil larvae) and methiocarb pellets (to control slugs) also gave partial control of leather-jackets. Other effects on non-target species were considered to be unimportant, as pest status could not be attributed to the species. A high level of control of lucerne flea by methiocarb pellets, noted previously, was confirmed.

At both sites combined treatment against insect pests and slugs produced large increases in clover content and yield over a 3-year period, in comparison with untreated plots, although clover tended to decline In alt plots. At one site, where the clover content of untreated plots reached 33% at one stage, specialist clover herbivores such as weevils and lucerne flea were more common. Treatments directed against weevils and slugs gave the highest clover yields, and leatherjacket control may also have contributed, particularly when the population reached 0.9 m ha−1 in the final year. At the other site, where the clover content was low (ultimately 01.1–6%), leather-jacket populations reached 2.1 m ha−1 and slug numbers were also relatively high. Control of these species contributed most to the relative increase in clover content and yield.


Our research is concerned with the role played by expectations in hybrid interorganizational collaboration projects. In particular, we look at how organizations participating in multi-party cross-s...


Our previous studies have documented MAPK mediation of the hypertonicity-induced stimulation of COX-2 expression in cultured renal medullary epithelial cells (Yang, T., Huang, Y., Heasley, L. E., Berl, T., Schnermann, J. B., and Briggs, J. P. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275, 23281-23286). The present study extends this observation by examining the role of reactive oxygen species (ROSs). ROS levels, determined using dichlorodihydrofluorescence diacetate and cytochrome c, were rapidly and significantly increased following exposure of mIMCD-K2 cells to media made hypertonic by adding NaCl. Hypertonic treatment (550 mosmol/kg) for 16 h induced a 5.6-fold increase in COX-2 protein levels and comparable increases in prostaglandin E2 release, both of which were completely abolished by the NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium (25-50 μm). The general antioxidant N-acetyl-l-cysteine (6 mm), and the superoxide dismutase mimetic TEMPO (2.0 mm) reduced COX-2 levels by 75.6 and 79.8%, respectively. Exposure of mIMCD-K2 cells to exogenous \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\mathrm{O}_{2}^{{\bar{{\cdot}}}}\) \end{document} generated by the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system mimicked the effect of hypertonicity on COX-2 expression and prostaglandin E2 release. The increases in phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38 were detected 20 min following the hypertonic treatment and were both prevented by N-acetyl-l-cysteine. The increases in ROSs in response to hypertonic treatment were completely blocked by any one of the mitochondrial inhibitors tested, such as rotenone, thenoyltrifluoroacetone, or carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone, associated with remarkable inhibition of COX-2 expression. In contrast, the increases in ROSs were not significantly altered in IMCD cells deficient in either gp91phox or p47phox, nor were the increases in COX-2 expression. We conclude that ROSs derived from mitochondria, but not NADPH oxidase, mediate the hypertonicity-induced phosphorylation of MAPK and the stimulation of COX-2 expression.


The weak value of an observable is experimentally accessible by weak measurements as theoretically analyzed by Aharonov et al and recently experimentally demonstrated. We introduce a W operator associated with the weak values and give a general framework of quantum operations to the W operator in parallel with the Kraus representation of the completely positive map for the density operator. The decoherence effect is also investigated in terms of the weak measurement by a shift of a probe wavefunction of continuous variable. As an application, we demonstrate how the geometric phase is affected by the bit flip noise.


Perhaps where it is least expected in the literary arts – within a book for children about Virginia Woolf and her sister – the linguistic and visual narrative highlights a therapeutic, bioaesthetic power that is fundamentally nonhuman and trans-species. Virginia and Vanessa, the 'Bloomsberry' sisters in this text, undertake a shared creative practice and enlivenment that is creatural, intimate, wolfy, and filled with eco-aesthetic intensities. The story's theme of a re-vitalizing capacity to become artistic highlights the nomadic and distalic, and the sisters engage with shared cosmic, earth, and animal shapes, sounds, colours and forces. The recuperative efforts imagined for these famous modernist sisters dwell in female relationality, but the text also acknowledges the vulnerability of living 'on the cracks of life', an acknowledgment Braidotti insists must remain part of the healthy life that recognizes and connects to pain, even as it works toward an affirmative ethics of biopower.


The New Zealand reform around child support, namely the Child Support Act 1991, was brought in with the intent of helping children through greater assistance from the absent parent. However, this simple ideal overlooks the complexities of social conditions and public attitudes. Situations such as non-nuclear and second families are given little thought in the Act. This article reflects on the child support system that the Act has created, before analysing the judicial response towards the Act, particularly in terms of departure orders. Finally, the political and social response to the Act is noted, with an eye looking towards the reviewing of the legislation.


• We use Lévy processes to develop a family of first-order autoregressive sequences of random variables with values in R+, called C-AR(1) processes. We obtain various distributional and regression properties for these processes and we establish a limit theorem that leads to the property of stationarity. A connection between stationarity of C-AR(1) processes and the notion of C-self-decomposability of van Harn and Steutel (1993) is discussed. A number of stationary C-AR(1) processes with specific marginals are presented and are shown to generalize several existing R+-valued AR(1) models. The question of time reversibility is addressed and some examples are discussed. Key-Words: • stationarity; semigroup of cumulant generating functions; self-decomposability; stability; time-reversibility. AMS Subject Classification: • 60G10, 62M10.


The growth, antibiotics sensitivity, virulence and metabolism in bacteria under microgravity were reviewed with an emphasis on the mechanisms involved in the alteration of biological properties of bacterias induced by microgravity, and the development and expectation of microbial biotechnology under microgravity were also discussed.


Purpose – When critically reviewing the empirical research on the relationships between personal characteristics and successful foreign assignments it is revealed that the extant empirical research suffers from several limitations. The aim of this article is to shed additional light into the relationship between expatriate personal characteristics and job performance, circumventing the identified limitations of cross‐sectional design, use of self‐evaluations and inappropriate measures of success.Design/methodology/approach – The empirical study is based on longitudinal data. Trained psychologists carried out a psychological assessment of the expatriate prior to the assignment. Performance data were provided by both the expatriate and the expatriate's superior.Findings – The obtained results support the importance of communicational ability for expatriate success, whereas stress tolerance and relational ability were not found to be significantly related to success.Research limitations/implications – The st...


Objective: To discuss the clinical curative effect on electrical stimulation combined with function exerciseof pelvic floor in the treatment of elderly female with stress urinary incontinence. Method: 60 elderly female with stress urinary incontinence in our hospital were selected and divided into observation group and control group according to random number table method, each group had 30 cases. The control group was given function exercise, and the observation group was given electrical stimulation combined with function exercise. MVV, TOV, LT, ICI-Q-SF, MDUCP, DUCD, PVLP, MCP and SFL of two groups were observed and compared. The total effect rate of two groups were compared after follow up of 3 mouths. Result: There were significance differences on MVV, TOV, LT, ICI-Q-SF, MDUCP, DUCD, PVLP, MCP and SFL of two groups after treatment when compared with before treatment(P0.05). There were significance differences on MVV, TOV, LT, ICI-Q-SF, MDUCP, DUCD, PVLP, MCP and SFL of the observation group after treatment when compared with the control group(P0.05). Conclusion: Electrical stimulation combined with function exercise in the treatment of elderly female with stress urinary incontinence has a significant efficacy, so it is worthy to use in clinic.


The aim of this paper is to study the regional economic difference with the spatial data mining theories. In this paper, we take the per capita agricultural total output value as index variable, and take the township as the basic analysis unit. Based on the ESDA methods (global and local spatial autocorrelation) of spatial data mining theory, including Moran I index, Moran Scatter Plot and LISA, we research and analyze the agricultural economy spatial distribution of Beijing townships in 2005 from the spatial interactive angel, and then reveal the spatial autocorrelation and spatial heterogeneity among townships. The results show that agricultural economy of Beijing townships has a strong spatial correlation generally, and there also exist spatial heterogeneity problems between local townships.


Recent successes and widespread interest in thermal methods of oil recovery have focused attention on tar sands and other heavy crude-oil reservoirs. Heavy oils are present in more than 2,000 reservoirs in 26 states. It is estimated that the original oil in place in these reservoirs exceeded 100 billion bbl of crude oil with API gravities ranging from 6 to 25. Cumulative production as of Jan. 1, 1964 was a little more than 10 billion bbl. There are 546 tar-sand deposits in 22 states throughout the country. Data on these resources indicate that the recovery bitumen may range from 2.5 to 5.5 billion bbl in surface and near-surface rocks. Reserves estimates are inaccurate; however, it appears that the extent and magnitude of heavy- oil and tar-sands deposits are great enough, and that thermal stimulation technology is capable of producing a significant amount of these reserves.


The present invention relates to an external resonator laser having a hybrid structure with a semiconductor laser diode mounted using the flip chip bonding manner on the plate-like waveguide platform. The present invention, a semiconductor laser diode comprising an active region (active region) for producing light, and having at least one light exit surface which emits light generated in the active region; A substrate and a metal pattern formed on a predetermined region on the substrate, and a waveguide structure comprising a lower clad layer sequentially formed on a region except for the region where the metal pattern is formed, the core and upper cladding layers, a predetermined region of the waveguide structure the plate-like waveguide platform having a trench formed so as to have the opposite sides of the core is exposed; And temperature, characterized in that the semiconductor laser diode flip-chip bonded to the metal pattern is a side of the light exit surface, and includes multiple thin film reflection filter arranged on the trench portion and the planar waveguide platform so as to face each other It provides independently of the external resonator laser. Temperature-independent, external resonator, a laser diode, a plate-like platform, multi-films (TFML) reflection filter


In robotics, objects and body parts can be represented in various coordinate frames to ease computation. In biological systems, body or body part centered coordinate frames have been proposed as possible reference frames that the brain uses for interacting with the environment. Coordinate transformations are standard tools in robotics and can facilitate perspective invariant action recognition and action prediction based on observed actions of other agents. Although it is known that human adults can do explicit coordinate transformations, it is not clear whether this capability is used for recognizing and understanding the actions of others. Mirror neurons, found in the ventral premotor cortex of macaque monkeys, seem to undertake action understanding in a perspective invariant way, which may rely on lower level perceptual mechanisms. To this end, in this paper we propose a novel reference frame that is ecologically plausible and can sustain basic action understanding and mirror function. We demonstrate the potential of this representation by simulation of an upper body humanoid robot with an action repertoire consisting of push, poke, move-away and bring-to-mouth actions. The simulation experiments indicate that the representation is suitable for action recognition and effect prediction in a perspective invariant way, and thus can be deployed as an artificial mirror system for robotic applications.


Ten cases of small intestinal obstruction seen over a period of 6 years (1971‐6) in young girls within the narrow age range of 13‐18 years are described. The patients were all within 2 years of menarche.


Beetles of the World is an illustrated interactive key to families and subfamilies of Coleoptera. It also provides an `information system' which effectively updates and replaces the previous checklist to the order, Lawrence & Newton (1995). It operates on PC from CD-ROM in the Windows environment, and is on the whole intuitive and user-friendly, except for a few minor problems discussed below. Like other computerized keys, it has the advantage of allowing you to select characters in the order that you choose, rather `railroading' you through the characters in a ®xed order, as in most printed keys. When you begin an identi®cation, a list of 945 taxa appears on the screen. These include 173 Beetle Families, along with numerous subfamilies, tribes and even a few genera. For less detailed identi®cation, clicking one button will restrict the search to just the 173 families. A list of over 300 morphological characters accompanies the taxon list, ranked in `Best Character' order, i.e. based on their power to subdivide the remaining taxa. Very clear electron micrographs or line drawings accompany the majority of the characters, illustrating each state. There is also an excellent interactive glossary (which allows identi®cation of most major structures on the dorsal or ventral surfaces of a hypothetical beetle). These features make the key relatively simple to use even for those less familiar with beetle morphology. As character states are selected, the list of `remaining taxa' decreases accordingly, and characters no longer relevant to remaining taxa are also removed. The order of characters is continually revised, so that those on the top of the list are always the `Best' for the remaining taxa. Mistakes are easily recti®ed at any stage with a `Change previously entered information' button. Furthermore, if you reach an improbable ®nal identi®cation, the `Display the differences between taxa' button can be used to list differences between your result and more probable identities, so you can see where you went wrong. This button is also very useful for obtaining a list of differences between any two beetle taxa, independent of its use in the key. The key operates in two modes, `advanced' and `normal'. The advanced mode gives you the option to move faster through the key by not loading `example' ®gures (unless an `images' button is clicked). This mode also provides a `search' option so that particular characters can be immediately found in the list. The real advantages to `advanced mode' are extra facilities to subdivide the list of characters. Rather than using the `Best' order, you can list all characters related to particular structures (e.g. antennae). This is particularly useful when certain characters are damaged, missing or not visible on your specimen due to mounting. (On this theme, I found it much easier to key specimens fresh from alcohol. Card-mounted specimens are particularly frustrating as many of the most useful characters are on the ventral surface.) It is also possible to restrict the identi®cation to speci®c geographical areas or higher taxa. A complete diagnosis and description is given for each taxon, as well as several illustrations and a reference list. Unfortunately, this information cannot be retrieved simply by clicking on the name of a taxon in the `key', but you must exit the key and select the taxon from a list, either of `remaining taxa' or all taxa. It is particularly inconvenient that there is no `text box' option where the taxon name can be typed in: it must instead be selected from a drop-down list with, if all taxa are included, 945 entries! The information given for each taxon is very useful, and includes extremely detailed biogeographical and morphological data, as well as ecological and developmental information and synonymy. Unfortunately, some basic but important details, most notably the number of described species in each group, are omitted. Several thousand habitus illustrations accompany the text, including line drawings, paintings from historical works and full-colour photographs both of museum specimens and living insects. Most families are very comprehensively illustrated (e.g. 137 habitus ®gures for Curculionidae), although in some cases the taxon choice is unusual (e.g. Anthribidae, where over half of the ®fteen taxa illustrated belong to the very small and taxonomically isolated subfamily Urodontinae). The in ̄uence of CSIRO is apparent in a noticeable bias toward Australasian species in the ®gures, but this is quite refreshing considering how often Palaearctic and New World taxa have been illustrated in other works. The only major complaint concerning the illustrations is the brevity of the ®gure captions, which give only family, genus, species, brief geographical distribution and the picture's source. Subfamily and tribe would have been very useful here. The thousands of illustrations are not only useful, but make intriguing viewing. Many extraordinary taxa are illustrated, including recent discoveries like Neocrowsonia viatorica Kistner & Abdel-Galil, 1986, a highly reduced termitophilus Elateroid, or Brarus mystes Kuschel, 1997, a Nemonychid weevil that lacks any trace of a rostrum. Beetles of the World provides not just a very functional interactive key, but a huge and invaluable resource of information on Coleoptera, presented in a way that is as useful to the beginner as to the specialist. Although the price of US$120 seems slightly high, when one considers the amount of specialist information available, as well as the number of


: Oral leukoplakia, the most commonly occurring potentially malignant disorder of the oral mucosa. The WHO (1997) defined leukoplakia as "a predominantly white lesion of the oral mucosa that cannot be characterized as any other definable lesion". The present review covers the incidence, etiological factors, classification, diagnostic criteria in assessing and finally the management strategies aimed at preventing and treating oral leukoplakia. drug-specific


Life insurance stands prominently forward as one of the institutions of modern life that is eminently unselfish. We know that its object is the protection of those individuals whom death has deprived of their support, and that it entails self-denial and forethought on the part of the insured to meet his premiums, which fact, in itself, reacts upon him advantageously by engendering thrift and economy, and fostering the best feelings of our common humanity. It has been noted that the more the principles of life insurance are understood, the more certain are they to be appreciated and acted upon; and while they give to society a guarantee for the uprightness and honesty of the individual, he in return, assists in rendering more firm and stable the groundwork of the Republic; for the number of policy-holders in a given locality may be taken as a fair index of the prosperity of that community, as they afford direct evidence of the existence of those qualities— thrift, forethought and consideration of others—upon which our social comfort and happiness chiefly depends. While not an American institution in the sense of having had


Addressing the problem of the formation of stu-dents' personal maturity during the period of study at a university in order to identify dynamic changes in its individual components is relevant for psychol-ogy both in theoretical and applied terms. One of the most significant aspects of higher education is the formation of a mature personality, which is ca-pable of making competent, independent, decisions that meet the requirements of subjects of labor rela-tions in professional activity. The process of form-ing the personal maturity of students, updating their internal resources, ensuring their professional de-velopment during the period of study at university will be more successful within the framework of organized support. From this perspective, the article presents an attempt to study the characteristics of the development of personal maturity of students in the process of studying at university, taking into account the issue of the elements of such maturity.. Based on the research and traditions in psychology, which were subjected to theoretical analysis, the main emphasis in our study was placed on those main components of personal maturity that are di-rectly related to such personal constructs as the self-concept, self-awareness, value-semantic sphere. In the context of the studies considered, those that determine its full-fledged functioning were identified as the main components of personal maturity: the value component (self-respect, self-acceptance), the personal component (attitude to one's "I", life val-ues and attitudes), achievement motivation (activity) indicators of the ability to psychological closeness (empathy). The analysis of the features of the devel-opment of these components of personal maturity became the goal of the experimental work. The data of a formative experiment are presented, as a result of which it is proved that in the course of systemic psychological and pedagogical support of students, it is possible to change the main components of personal maturity.


Equations of kinetics for single and dual engine power plants are established for solution of vibrational problems by means of computer program. Some examples of calculations for vibrational levels, moments of resonance and transmission loads are presented.


Motivated by the incentive programs that have been offered by energy companies under tight market conditions in the past few years, we consider a production control problem in which time alternates randomly between peak and nonpeak periods. During peak periods, the energy supplier offers the manufacturing firm--the energy user--an incentive program to reduce its energy usage by shutting down its production facility. Participation in the incentive program, however, is totally voluntary, and the user firm is rewarded for each unit of time that it participates in the program. We consider two problems that face the manufacturing firm. The first is whether it is worth shutting down production to participate in the incentive program when it is offered, and in which part (portion) of the peak period the firm should participate. The second problem is how the firm should decide on its production policy in both the peak and nonpeak periods in the presence of such an incentive program. In this paper, we provide simple models to give insight into the nature of these problems. Two cases are studied. In the first case, the peak duration is assumed to be exponentially distributed, and in the second, its length becomes known at the beginning of a peak period. In both cases, the occurrence times of the peak periods are uncertain. We characterize the optimal production and shutdown policy for both the peak and nonpeak periods. We also study the effect of seasonality on the optimal control policies.


One of the factors that has contributed to the establishment of the Ni-modified Sn-Cu eutectic as one of the major alternatives to the widely promoted Sn-Ag-Cu alloys as an RoHS compliant lead-free solder has been its apparent fluidity at temperatures close to its 227°C melting point. This fluidity results in the alloy behaving similarly to lower melting point alloys in which tin dendrites start to freeze out at temperatures higher than the nominal melting point. This in turn has meant that the Nimodified Sn-Cu eutectic can be used as a wave solder and a HASL alloy at process temperatures not much higher than those that have been used with Sn-37Pb solder. More recently it has been found that this fluidity also permits the use of the alloy in reflow soldering with peak temperatures around 245°C, which is in the middle of the range used with the Sn-Ag-Cu alloys that have a nominal melting point 10°C lower. In a study reported at APEX 2005 it was found that the Ni addition has the effect of suppressing the formation of pro-eutectic β-tin dendrites in the cooling Sn-0.7Cu alloy and promoting solidification as a true eutectic and it was inferred that it was because of this effect that the alloy exhibited good fluidity close to its melting point. In the study reported in this paper the fluidity of the modified and unmodified Sn-0.7Cu alloys is compared using two techniques recognised in solidification science. The Ragone method measures the distance that the molten alloy flows along a tube, a situation which to some extent simulates through-hole penetration in wave soldering and metallography of the resulting sample provides a further correlation between the observed behaviour and the resultant microstructure. The Dendrite Coherency method provides a means of confirming the change in solidification mechanism to heterogenous nucleation when the Ni is present. The results of these tests are consistent with observed positive effect of the Ni in enhancing the performance of the Sn-0.7Cu alloy as a practical lead-free solder.


Objective To explore the value of real-time tissue elastography(RTE) in evaluating radiofrequency ablation(RFA)-induced hepatic lesions in rabbit in vivo.Methods RFA was performed in normal livers of 20 rabbits,and the ablative lesions were observed by RTE after the ablations.The area of maximum section was calculated on RTE imaging and compared with that on gross pathology.Results Twenty ablative lesions induced by RFA in normal livers of 20 rabbits showed homogeneously blue and distinguished from surrounding parenchyma on RTE imaging.No significant difference was found between RTE lesion area and gross pathology lesion area,and they showed a positive correlation(P 0.05).Conclusion RFA-induced hepatic lesions are distinguished from parenchyma by RTE imaging in rabbit in vivo.RTE may be an effective method for evaluating RFA-induced lesions.


The purpose of this study is to evaluate the actual state of urban regeneration academy considering the goals of citizen participation. For this purpose, the study was carried out in the following order. First, we set up three-stage goals for citizen participation. Stage 1 is to improve understanding on urban regeneration, Stage 2 is participation and cooperation in planning, Stage 3 is growing as an influential subject. Second, we conducted a survey targeting citizens and experts. The contents of the survey include the level of satisfaction on the urban regeneration academy, necessity and feasibility of citizen participation. Third, Using results of the survey, the IPA was carried out. The results are as follows. 1) From stage 1 to stage 2 and 3, satisfaction, necessity, and feasibility were all got down. In the first stage, satisfaction, necessity, and feasibility were relatively high, indicating that efforts to maintain the current state were necessary. 2) The second stage needed to be improved for citizens, but the experts recognized relatively low than them. In particular, citizens evaluated that communication with the administration and reflection of citizens'' opinions were not performed well. 3) In case of the third stage, both citizens and experts showed low priority. Consequently, the local government beginning the urban regeneration academy should consider that the excessive goal should be avoided, goal and priority which are fit for local community should be set up.


This study Conducted in Cashew Processing Cooperative society , Dharampur taluk in Gujarat state's to analyze the financial Capital Structure by using the data in Six years ( 2008-09 To 2013-14) annual audit reports of the financial statements Participatory discussion with management board team of Cashew processing Cooperative Society and interview with Manager, Accountant And shareholder's. This article examines the financial Capital structure study of Cashew processing Cooperative society. The check up capital growth conducted in the framework of most common financial ratios used in the study.and Financial Capital structure hypothesis test on used ANOVA Test , Mean , Standard Devition and Variance also.


A kind of vinyl acetate-acrylate emulsion was synthesized by pre-emulsified and semi-continuous seed emulsion polymerization using vinyl acetate(VAc)and butyl acrylate(BA)as comonomer in the presence of glycidylmethacrylate(GMA)as functional monomer.The size,size distribution and morphologies of the emulsion particles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and laser light scattering(LLS).It was found that the size of emulsion particles is about 120nm and presented good mono-dispersibility.Zeta potential and rheological determination results showed that the emulsion particles have plenty negative charges,the surface Zeta potential was-57.2mV.Emulsion presented pseudoplastic fluid property which the storage time was above 9 months under room temperature.It means that the emulsion have good dispersion stability.


This has slowly changed over the past decade, though, through the realization that complete abstinence simply wasn't a realistic or achievable goal for some, and that such a harsh insistence on withdrawal simply wasn't working. In fact, it is estimated that 60 to 95 percent of clients who enter 12-step programs either drop out or otherwise fail to maintain abstinence from alcohol, and the NIAAA's statistics suggest that only 7 percent of people who suffer from an alcohol use disorder will typically seek treatment within any given year.


10th EGS Congress Copenhagen ~ June 17-22, 2012 10th ongress openhagen June 17-22, 2012  Diagnosed as normal.  Glaucoma specialists selected glaucoma-free subjects who were ultimately diagnosed as normal via a glaucoma screening test that included frequency-doubling technology in the screening program, non-mydriasis fundus photography, slit-lamp examination, and intraocular pressure measurement by noncontact tonometer .  In all enrolled subjects, anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber volume (ACV), and anterior chamber angle (ACA) measurements were obtained by use of the Scheimpflug 3D camera (Pentacam; Oculus Inc., Wetzlar, Germany).  The subjects were then divided into 6 groups according to age as follows: 1) less than 30 years of age, 2) 30-39 years of age, 3) 40-49 years of age, 4) 50-59 years of age, 5) 60-69 years of age, 6) 70 or more years of age. The ACD, ACV, and ACV data among the 6 groups were then compared.  The Mann-Whitney U test and the Tukey-Kramer test were used for statistical analysis.  Only the right-eye data from each subject were used for statistical analysis.


Primary hepatic carcinoma is a commonly found disease in China 90 percent of the hepatic carcinoma patients affiliates cirrhosis.Hepatectomy is the main treatment for hepatic carcinoma,but liver has the powerful capacity to regenerate after injury or resection,which has been realized and studied for thousands of years.In this paper we presented a review on the regeneration of liver cirrhosis after hepatectomy,the damage to the mechanism of liver regeneration and the assessment of liver regeneration.


Streamer corona discharge was generated by applying nanosecond-pulsed voltage with many different pulse rise times. Pulsed voltage having pulse rise time of 7-40 ns was applied to a coaxial chamber consisting of a center wire, 1 mm in diameter, and an outer electrode, 20 mm in diameter, in atmospheric pressure air. Streamer propagation in the discharge was observed using a streak camera. The propagation velocity increased with a shortening rise time of the pulsed voltage.


A plethora of diseases are associated with our nervous system. Neurodegenerative diseases include Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, schizophrenia and depression. Many plants are known to be beneficial against certain neurodegenerative disorders. This study provides an overview of such thirty-five plants whose part, from roots to seeds or their bio-chemicals extract are used for the treatment of multiple neurodegenerative disorders in Pakistan and beyond.


In this work, an efficient approach based on numerical simulation and able to evaluate structural noise due to rail transit in large civil structures, is presented. The dynamic analysis is conducted first considering the track and that part of the structure directly interacting with the track system. Subsequently, the forces transmitted by the track system are applied to an extended model of the structure, in order to evaluate the propagation of structural noise.


The soils of Spitsbergen, the largest island of the Svalbard Archipelago, have already been the subject of a number of research works of which such authors as Szerszeń (1974), Ugolini et al. (1982), Skiba and Kuczek (1983), Sletten (1988), Plichta (1993) are to be mentioned. Their papers dealt with different Spitsbergen areas extending from the Hornsund region in the southwest part of the island to Kaffiörya (Oscar II Land) northwest from Isfjord. The aim of numerous geographical expeditions of the Institute of Earth Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, in which also soil scientists participated, were among other things, detailed studies of the conditions of soil formation and the character of the soil cover in the Bellsund region, which resulted in publishing many papers (e.g. Melke et al. 1990, Uziak 1992, Klimowicz et al. 1993, Klimowicz and Uziak 1996a, Klimowicz et al. 1996b). In the todate publications concerning also the relationship of soils with relief forms including the character of micro-relief, soils associated with rock outliers so characteristic for the landscape of the Bellsund south coast have been disregarded. Thus the purpose of this paper is the presentation of the specificity of soils associated with the mentioned forms.


The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is a serine/threonine kinase that drives several anabolic processes including lipid synthesis, protein synthesis, and adipogenesis. mTORC1 is highly active in the livers of obese rodents, in overnutrition, and central to the development of lipid abnormalities, including the overproduction of atherogenic lipoproteins. Direct inhibition of mTORC1 is not a suitable therapeutic strategy as it abrogates mTORC1 feedback inhibition of insulin signaling and leads to insulin‐mediated lipid accumulation. An alternative strategy consists in stimulating catabolic pathways to counteract mTORC1‐driven anabolism. Human liver HepG2 cells were stably transduced with lentiviral shRNA targeting tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2, upstream inhibitor of mTORC1) to constitutively activate mTORC1 or lentiviral scramble shRNA as negative control. In TSC2 shRNA cells, TSC2 gene and protein expression were suppressed by 71% and 75%, respectively, and mTORC1 activity (phospho‐p70 S6K/p70 S6K) was increased by 51% (vs scramble shRNA). The constitutive activation of mTORC1 increased apolipoprotein B (apoB) secretion in culture media by 61% under hyperglycemic (30 mM glucose) conditions. Supplementation with aromatic fatty acid and chemical chaperone, 4‐phenylbutyric acid (8 mM), decreased secreted apoB by 59% compared to vehicle control. We conclude that therapeutic approaches that stabilize improperly folded proteins can reverse the lipoprotein anomalies associated with mTORC1 constitutive activation. Supported by UNL ARD Hatch, and Layman Seed Award.


'Between Ethics and Politics: Reflections on Select Writings of Badiou' The focus of this paper is the relationship between ethics and politics in Alain Badiou's philosophy.  In particular, I will examine and take the reader through some of his short works. I would like to analyze, from this, the connection between his ethics and event, ethics and philosophical conditions, and ethics and political science, or, the liberal idea of human rights. My main aim will be, from these interrogations, to elicit Badiou's grand criticism of the latter, traditional and culturally pervasive, ideas about ethics.


VEGF‐induced neovascularization plays a pivotal role in corneal neovascularization (CoNV). The current study investigated the potential effect of ginsenoside Rh2 (GRh2) on neovascularization. In HUVECs, pretreatment with GRh2 largely attenuated VEGF‐induced cell proliferation, migration, and vessel‐like tube formation in vitro. At the molecular level, GRh2 disrupted VEGF‐induced VEGF receptor 2(VEGFR2)‐Grb‐2‐associated binder 1 (Gab1) association in HUVECs, causing inactivation of downstream AKT and ERK signaling. Gab1 knockdown (by targeted short hairpin RNA) similarly inhibited HUVEC proliferation and migration. Notably, GRh2 was ineffective against VEGF in Gab1‐silenced HUVECs. In a mouse cornea alkali burn model, GRh2 eyedrops inhibited alkali‐induced neovascularization and inflammatory cell infiltrations in the cornea. Furthermore, alkali‐induced corneal expression of mRNAs/long noncoding RNAs in cornea were largely attenuated by GRh2. Overall, GRh2 inhibits VEGF‐induced an‐giogenic effect via inhibiting VEGFR2‐Gab1 signaling in vitro. It also alleviates angiogenic and inflammatory responses in alkali burn‐treated mouse corneas.—Zhang, X.‐P., Li, K.‐R., Yu, Q., Yao, M.‐D., Ge, H.‐M., Li, X.‐M., Jiang, Q., Yao, J., Cao, C. Ginsenoside Rh2 inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor‐induced corneal neovascularization. FASEB J. 32, 3782–3791 (2018). www.fasebj.org


The technology of isolation of the cholera vibrio complex of low-molecular enzymes related to pathogenicity factors, from cholera vaccine production wastes by means of concentrating ultrafiltration was developed. This technology allows to obtain standard series of the preparation termed proteovibrin which is free from the basic Vibrio cholerae immunogen O-antigen, and possesses high activity of protease and. phospholipases A 2 and. C. It is shown that proteovibrin is highly soluble in water and 0.14 molar NaCl solution, causes the production of antibodies in rabbits and is toxic for white mice. Its further examination seems to be promising, as well as its possible use as additional source of the cholera vibrio enzymes and. as tripsin-like preparation, applicable for protein raw material hydrolysis in production of microbiological nutrient media.


Western Andalusian and European Portuguese only rely on a single plural pronoun in their address system ( ustedes/voces ) which can induce two different agreement types: (i) the second person plural (following the semantics of the address system) and (ii) the third person plural (following their syntax). These two agreement patterns have not been studied in depth and, consequently, we did not know what factors underlie this variation in agreement. In this paper, I study the linguistic spread of these agreement patterns as well as the theoretical factors that led to this variation in use.


This is the configuration management Plan for the AdaNet Repository Based Software Engineering (RBSE) contract. This document establishes the requirements and activities needed to ensure that the products developed for the AdaNet RBSE contract are accurately identified, that proposed changes to the product are systematically evaluated and controlled, that the status of all change activity is known at all times, and that the product achieves its functional performance requirements and is accurately documented.


On 16 September 2015, an Mw 8.3 earthquake struck middle Chile due to the subduction of the Nazca plate beneath the South America plate. This earthquake is the consequence of 72 years of strain accumulation in the region since the 1943 M 8.3 event. In this study, we apply the compressive sensing method (CS) to invert for the spatiotemporal distribution of the coseismic radiation at different frequencies of this event. The results show clear frequency‐dependent feature of earthquake rupture with low‐frequency (LF) radiation located in the updip region while high‐frequency (HF) radiation concentrated in the downdip region of the megathrust. We also compare the CS results with three coseismic slip models as well as the stress drop distributions inferred from these slip models. The comparison confirms our understanding of coseismic radiation that energy sources are mostly located in the margin of large coseismic slip regions. Furthermore, we find that the LF radiation sources are mainly within the stress‐decreasing (releasing) regions while the HF radiation sources are mainly located in the stress‐increasing (loading) regions due to rupturing of relatively large asperities nearby (stress decreasing and releasing). These results help to better understand the physics of the rupture process during megathrust earthquakes. Moreover, our results do not show radiation sources south of the epicenter, suggesting that the subducting Juan Fernandez Ridge probably stopped the rupture of this earthquake toward the south.


Objective To elucidate the changes of PDGFR-β in the rat brain injured by a hydro-percussion device. Methods The expression of PDGFR-β protein was studied by immunohistochemistry and image analysis system. Results A gradually enhanced expression of PDGFR-β protein was observed in inju-ried rat brain since 1h to 4d peak. After that, the protein expression decreased but remained above control levels till 14d. Conclusion Hydro-percussion brain injury induced expression of PDGFR-β. The regular rise of PDGFR-β level in time course seems to be of value in estimating the age of brain injury.


Cho, S. T. Stewart, and M. I. Richardson. Carnegie Institution of Washington (Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, 5241 Broad Branch Road, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20015, firstname.lastname@example.com), Harvard University (Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 20 Oxford St., Cambridge, MA 02138, firstname.lastname@example.com), California Institute of Technology (Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, MC 150-21, Pasadena, CA 91125, email@example.com).


Recombinant erythropoietin reduces blood transfusion requirements in preterm neonates weighing under 1000 g 30 days postpartum. The optimal timing of starting erythropoietin therapy to achieve this effect is unclear.


STUDY DESIGN
Reliability study of clinical measurement.

OBJECTIVES
The primary purpose was to develop a reliable method for measuring muscle length changes of the transversus abdominis (TrA) during contraction. The secondary purpose was to investigate the relationship between changes in thickness and length (as indicated by the lateral sliding of the anterior muscle-fascia junction) of the TrA muscle during an abdominal drawing-in maneuver. We also provide data on between-day reliability of change in thickness (ΔT) of the TrA.

BACKGROUND
Ultrasound imaging measurements of TrA thickness at rest (Thr) and during maximal contraction (Thm) have been shown to be reliable. However, limited data exist on quantifying changes in TrA length (as indicated by the lateral sliding of the muscle-fascia junction [Δx]) and ΔT during contraction.

METHODS
Eighteen healthy adults (mean ± SD age, 22.6 ± 2.5 years) participated in this study. Brightness mode ultrasound images of the TrA were collected at rest and during an abdominal drawing-in maneuver. Subjects were examined by the same examiner twice within a 48-hour period. ΔT, ΔT/Thr, Thr, Thm, and Δx of the TrA were calculated. Medial-lateral movement of the transducer during measurement was corrected through a custom-written program that used an internal marker created by an echo-absorptive thread attached to the skin. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC3,1), within-subject coefficient of variance, and standard error of measurement were calculated. The relationship between ΔT and adjusted Δx of the TrA muscle was investigated.

RESULTS
The ICC values for Thr, Thm, and ΔT of the TrA muscle were greater than 0.75, with the exception of the left ΔT (0.62) and left ΔT/Thr (0.49). After adjusting for medial-lateral motion of the transducer, the ICC values of adjusted Δx were above 0.75, and the within-subject coefficient of variance was below 10%. There was no significant correlation between ΔT and adjusted Δx of the TrA.

CONCLUSION
Ultrasound imaging measurements of TrA thickness and length change were shown to be reliable using a novel method to control for medial-lateral transducer motion. Measuring different but unrelated dimensional changes in the TrA might provide further insight as to the function of the TrA.


An observation which is useful for hardware implementation of finite impulse response (FIR) filter with powers-of-two coefficients (2PFIR filters) is made. It is shown that the exponents of filter coefficients which can be represented by the canonical signed digit (CSD) code with M ternary digits can be chosen from subsets of {0, 1, ..., M-1|}. This observation naturally leads to 2PFIR filters with shorter shifters whose length is strictly less than M and, as a consequence, leads to an efficient hardware structure for programmable 2PFIR filtering. Some experimental results are presented indicating that the shifters of 2PFIR filters can be shortened further with little degradation of their performance.<<ETX>>


Husserl'Phenomenology is a real revolution in the modern European history,because it realized really turning of the modern Philosophy-----from external matter-world to internal spirit-world,and from a totality of society-history to individual life.The Intuition-principle which it was established by him is a thorough negation and criticism to the modern experience rationalism and logic rationalism in the west tradition;his new concept established a new basis and starting-point for modern philosophy and aesthetics,literature and modern science.


This paper explores some thoughts on modern insurance in the study of Islamic law. Also the commercialized insurance agreement in implementation which is classified haram according to Islamic law. And, the social-oriented insurance in order to create social welfare is acceptable of Islamic shari'ah. The concept of insurance is prohibited in the Islamic shari'ah is the concept of insurance in the treaty should be based on "aqad takafuli" or mutual help and in easing the burden or unprecedented risk, which is also called the "Kafal deed".


Hyper-pigmentation is a common skin condition in which increased melanin production results in darker patches of skin. Although hyper-pigmentation is harmless but still mostly people wish to get rid of them because of increasing craze of beautification in India. Topical corticosteroids (TC) application showed quick amelioration of post-inflammatory hyper-pigmentation patches. Prolonged and unsupervised use of TC leads to skin atrophy and reappearance of hyper-pigmentation patches. We present two cases of hyper-pigmentation induced by TC misuse. In case-1, a 20 year old female came to OPD with a complaint of hyper-pigmentation and itch sensation along with drug history of Betnovate cream for the last 2 years for acne treatment. On examination, she showed signs of hyper-pigmentation on cheeks. She was counselled to stop the further use of Betnovate cream and prescribed demelanizing agents along with sunscreen and emollients. The patches improved significantly with above management within 15 days. In case-2, a 33 year old female came to OPD with complaints of redness over whole face, increased facial hair growth and burning sensation along with drug history of using Betnovate cream for 2 years. On examination she showed signs of hyper-pigmentation and redness on cheeks, bruise and tearing of skin and increased facial hair growth. She was counselled to stop the further use of Betnovate cream. She was prescribed retinoic acid cream, sunscreen agents, anti-allergic tablets and emollient cream. The patches improved significantly with above management within 15 days.


This chapter addresses in detail the role of the millennial agenda within ISIS propaganda. Using their primary sources (both in Arabic and Western languages), the discussion analyses, step by step, the specific segments of Muslim apocalyptic heritage that have been utilised in ISIS propaganda as a tool for the justification and metaphysical legalization of their struggle. The main objective of this chapter is to carefully discuss the way ISIS has instrumentalized chosen apocalyptic pointers, either events or trends, which, from their own perspective, have already been fulfilled. They have sought to use these claims as a tool to prove the accuracy of their interpretation of contemporary affairs.


The technique of calculation the consumptions of energy for the braking of cars on the sorting humps is offered. The existence of the braking modes with a minimum consumption of energy ensuring a executing the requirements of interval and aiming speed control of a cuts is established.


Abstract Background : Recently, Bijker et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 162501 (2019)] explained the rotation-vibration spectrum of C by assuming triangular nuclear shape with D 3h symmetry. Purpose : The purpose of this work is to test the shape and symmetry of C based on a microscopic nuclear model without assumption of nuclear shape. Method : We have applied the real-time evolution method to C. By using the equation-ofmotion of clusters, the model describes the 3α+n system without any assumption of symmetry. Results : REM described the low-lying states more accurately than the previous cluster model studies. The analysis of the wave functions showed that the ground band has approximate triangular symmetry, while the excited bands deviate from it. Conclusion : This work confirmed that the ground band has the intrinsic structure with the triangular arrangement of three alpha particles.


This study examined the effects of a "community‐based center" intervention to prevent the onset of functional disability among residents in disaster‐affected areas.


R.M. Alhomaid, M.S. Mulhern, L. Cassidy, J.J. Strain, M.B.E. Livingstone, M. Healy, E. Laird and M.T. McCann Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Ulster University, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, UK, Department of Biochemistry, Central Pathology Laboratory, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Republic of Ireland and School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Republic of Ireland.


ion") and thus maintain the thesis that mental cognition is none other than abstraction. By doing so, however, we lose a fairly important aspect. What is going on? The term "abstraction" suggests that all theses at the level of noesis are nothing more than "abstractions" from what is grasped at the level of aisthesis. Such an understanding of noesis, however, would not overcome sophistic relativism, because "abstraction" would only relate to what was captured sensually in a relative (and relational) way. In turn, "idealization" introduces a new instrument to human cognition, independent of the results of sensual perception. The possibility of creating alternative worlds in itself points to this independence. In other words, "idealization" allows for the creation of noetic models independent of aisthesis, which for Plato are to serve as an instrument for understanding reality. At this point I will venture the thesis that Plato's defense of being—truth against sophistic arguments boils down to the procedure of reinterpreting Eleatism through Pythagoreanism. Pythagoreanism is interpreted by Plato in the context of the theory of ideas and theory of principles, which we also find in Pythagorean reflection. To put it simply, the sphere of being—truth is mathematics, which enables us to create alternative worlds in the form of axiomatic models. The problem that appears in the context of the Platonic method understood in this way concerns (analogously to the problem of the relationship between being—truth and non-being—opinions in Parmenides) the relationship between the axiomatic model (the alternative world) and the level of reality perceived by way of the senses. An attempt at resolving this difficulty will be presented in the third part of this text, devoted to the model of political epistemology. I would like to focus on one more difficulty related to sophistry, namely the problem of utilitarianism. In light of the Apology of Protagoras, it seems that usefulness is not subject to the anthropos metron principle. A doctor or sophist recognizes what is more useful in a given context and can change the current state of affairs (related to the body's or soul's state of health) to a better, more useful one. The thing is, their job is merely to recognize, not to create something using their mind.27 Recognition is about grasping how things are, and grasping how things are is grasping the truth. If usefulness was subject to the anthropos metron principle, all states and all opinions would be equally useful if only the subject of these opinions believed them to be such. However, Protagoras distinguishes between more and less useful, better and worse opinions. What is the criterion for making such a distinction? It seems that the only criterion we can indicate is the nature of things, i.e. the truth. Even if what is useful depends on the con27 Plato: Theaetetus, 167a2—3, b3—4.


1.Introduction 2.The Change: Challenges and Opportunities 3 Working Women: Paid and Unpaid Carers 4.Something for Me: Women Aged 50 Plus in Higher Education 5 Our Ageing Selves: Midlife Professionals Reflect on Growing Older 6.From Pin Money to Needlepoint 7 Widowhood in Later Life 8.Love and Romance in Later Life 9.Older Women, Long-term Marriage and Care 10.Loss and Change: Women's Experience of Grief 11. Conclusion


The high level of greed and corruption and their attendant socio-political stasis and ineptitude in contemporary Nigeria has been portrayed in Chidubem Iweka's August Inmates. Existing literary and scholarly engagements on greed and corruption are ubiquitous and they have focused on the havoc they have unleashed on the society. Nonetheless, it appears that the prognostic studies on how to raise future leaders without the influence of the cancerous greed and corruption have been given little or no consideration. This is the critical gap this paper attempts to fill. This paper therefore investigates the social and vicious greed and its socio-political consequences in order to raise future leaders that will eschew the protracted and recalcitrant greed in Nigerian socio-political environment. The primary text is Chidubem Iweka's August Inmates. It will be subjected to critical analysis in both content and form. Inspirations will be drawn from Postcolonialism as theoretical framework. The essence of literary Postcolonialism is to allow for the examination of socio-political vices and imbalances in contemporary Nigeria in order to seek for ways of ameliorating them through the selection of ideal future leaders; it will also undergird the analysis of our findings. The study identifies significantly greed as the bane of socio-political peace and progress. It concludes that in raising breed of leaders without greed some priceless socio-political virtues must be explicitly injected into the society.


The subject the thesis, called ?The project of Marketing Management of Rehabilitation's Institution XY", was developing an analysis of existing marketing activities of private medical ambulance providing services in the field of physiotherapy. The theoretical part is focused on issues of strategic marketing management and marketing activitiesin medical facilities. The practical part evaluates the overall situation of position of rehabilitation ambulance on the market, its strengths and weaknesses, threats and oppor-tunities. Based on the analysis of a questionnaire research among clients using rehabilitation services, new marketing opportunities heading to increase attendance and customer?s satisfaction of medical ambulance were identified.


This article aims to explore the work of fate in the sense of natural law and its manifestation in leading the life of the heroine in Thomas Hardy's Tess of the D'Urbervilles. The theoretical framework is the concept of fate and Sartre's Existentialism by applying the concept of free will and personal responsibility. The analysis focuses on any natural events that happen in Tess' life, which eventually become such fate agents in determining Tess' life. The finding says that no matter how fateful her life is, Tess exhibits how much she stands on her own by revealing her own free will and her personal responsibility regarding her reaction towards the fateful events she undergoes.


Aim and Background: How to allocate resources during development and its underlying motives provide developmental psychologists with understanding about fairness development. By age 4, children's social understanding of self and others is increased. This allows children to decide how to allocating resources towards others. As child develops considering fairness or self-interest concerns matters during allocating resources. This study aimed to examine resource allocation development in 4-6-year-old children in advantageous inequality and disadvantageous inequality conditions. Methods and Materials: This was a correlational study with the population of all 4-6-year-olds from kindergartens in 4 region of Tehran in years 1395-1396. One hundred and two participants aged 4 (n=34, 17 girls), 5 (n=36, 18 girls) and 6 (n=32, 16 girls) were selected through a clustered sampling. Participants were asked to distribute resources in with cost-advantageous/disadvantageous and without cost-advantageous conditions. Findings: Results showed that children more allocated resources in with cost disadvantageous condition as compared to other conditions (p<0.05). Across age groups, 4-year-old children significantly shared more resources in disadvantageous condition (p<0.05). 6-year-old girls allocated more resources when compared to


Bacterial vaginosis (BV) affects almost one third of U.S. women during their lives; moreover, recurrence rates during the year after treatment are reported to be as high as 58%. In an analysis of private insurance claims data from 2004 through 2006, researchers sought to determine BV recurrence rates and risk for acquiring vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) in more than 32,000 women (mean …


An instrument and matching calibration method were developed for the measurement of phase with minimal systematic errors over a wide range of intensities. The instrument, method and factors affecting the quality of data are described.


Because word-length of register is finite. It is necessary to consider the question about the finite word-length effect during the devising digit filter. This paper discuss the finite word-length effect in figuring of binary system, quantification of coefficient, during the sampling of analog signals and transforming of FFT, and then educe the ways how to device the word-length of register in different situation.


The present work focusses on thin film transistor (TFT) devices with polycrystalline and amorphous Indium-Gallium-Zinc-Oxide (IGZO) thin films fabricated using solution processing. Since it is easier to vary composition through solution processing, we have investigated suitability of various chemical compositions for TFT applications. We have found that a common composition In:Ga:Zn::1:1:1 used in sputtering leads to a crystalline film through solution processing route; the sputtered film is amorphous. Thus, we have systematically varied the composition to obtain amorphous phase with composition 3:1:5. Further, we report that both Zn/Ga and In/Ga ratio should be high in order to obtain amorphous films, but still some Ga must remain present to obtain acceptable resistivity. Thin film transistors fabricated using these compositions shows n-channel enhancement mode operation. The saturation mobility is found to be highest (0.39 cm2/V-s) for the amorphous composition with on-off ratio of the order of ~103.