Since ancient times, the Balkans has a geopolitical and geostrategic importance. This strategic location has it; ethnic, religious, indicating Yugoslavia when integrated with political and geographical factors. The geographical significance of the region in terms of the US has been the result of the beginning of World War II. By the end of the Cold War, the United States emerged as a 'superpower' and in 1991 it was decided to intervene in the power gaps resulting from the disintegration of Soviet Russia. Thus the US own 'has created the New World Order. This multifaceted and complex nature of the Balkans has led to internal problems with it.With the end of the Cold War and the disintegration of Yugoslavia, has emerged. independent states. As a result of these developments there has been a bloody Civil War in that region. Against this background, the European Union has led to the removal of the inadequate USA hegemony in the foreground. In particular, the prevention of experienced Serb attacks and resolving issues in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo and Macedonia over USA foreign policy has been enabled towards the Balkans


Dry eye disease has recently been redefined as a multifactorial disease of the ocular surface characterized by a loss of homeostasis of the tear film and accompanied by ocular symptoms.1


We show that migrating extremists can shape political equilibria in the long run. Regions in Austria that witnessed an influx of Nazis fleeing the Soviets after WWII still have significantly higher far-right vote shares today. Institutions and family ties perpetuate persistence. Migrated Nazi elites founded and penetrated local party branches that cultivate and preserve far-right ideologies, even when outside conditions temporarily change. Phonebook entries from 1942 allow tracing current far-right party membership back to past migration. Our results suggest that controlling migrating extremists is crucial to contain the spread of radical movements.


This article outlines why valency theory and Goldberg's theory of argument structure constructions should be combined. In the light of empirical valency research it is argued that the amount of item-specificity to be observed in language must be accounted for in a theory of complementation and that generalizations concerning parallels between semantic properties of verbs and their occurrence in particular valency patterns must be treated with a certain degree of caution. It is suggested that one way of combining the two approaches is to make use of specific formal categories and to introduce a valency realisation principle in a theory of argument structure constructions.


1. The IMD was designed to be used at lower Super Output Area level. It is therefore appropriate to consider the scores that would classify SOAs as indicating areas that are "more or less deprived". SOAs have broadly similar population sizes. It then follows that the most deprived 10%, for example, of SOAs contain approximately 10% of the national population. 2. As there are 32,482 SOAs, the 10% most deprived SOAs are those with an IMD rank of 3,248 or less. This group of SOAs all have IMD scores of 45.23 or more. One way to compare parishes to SOAs is to match parish scores to SOA score bands. 3. The following table shows the IMD scores that split SOAs into bands of 5%, 10% etc. These scores may help to give an indication of the level of multiple deprivation in parishes with similar scores. You may wish to see how many of your parishes fall in each of these bands. Table of IMD score bands


Introduction 1 Africa, Imperial Communication And The Engineering Press 2 Engineers In Imperial London 3 Engineering Networks And The Great George Street Clique 4 Empire In The Institution Of Civil Engineers 5 Explorer-Engineers And Gentlemen In The Public Eye 6 Vandals And Civilizers In Aswan And London Conclusion


Abstract This essay examines the contemporary approaches to systems theory, the strengths and limitations of these approaches, and how communication researchers can apply them creatively. It points out that using system approaches requires communication scholars to study the mutual interaction of both information inputs and matter/energy inputs. Overloads of these inputs coupled with storage problems could engender positive feedback loops and move the system away from the linear region of stability toward the edge of chaos (bifurcation). It could then self-organize as a more complex system in a new phase space of its trajectory. This complexity approach could be used to trace the trajectory of the global mass communication system or to conduct empirical research on all or any of the information-processing subsystems within the eight hierarchical levels of nested systems ranging from cell to supranational systems. Although systems thinking is writ large in the onto-cosmology of Eastern philosophies, its epistemological and methodological refinements did not occur until quantum physics challenged the 'atomism' of the dominant Newtonian-Cartesian model.


Enzymes from the Aspergillus species have been used in food processing applications for decades. To identify peptidases and other enzymes capable of aiding the metabolism of peanut and tree nut allergens, Aspergillus niger was grown in three different nut-flour containing media and RNA sequencing and transcriptome analysis were used to identify differentially expressed genes. Transcript profiles from A. niger grown on media containing peanut or cashew nut flours were compared to growth on media containing glucose as the sole carbon source. Several highly upregulated genes encoding proteins likely involved in peanut and cashew nut metabolism were identified. When compared to the glucose media control, 2,423 genes were upregulated in media containing nut flour. Among these, there were many uncharacterized genes encoding putative peptidases such as gene_8419, gene_6678, gene_724, and gene_920 as well as previously characterized peptidases, such as oryzin and the aspartic endopeptidase aspergillopepsin. Similarly, several genes involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates including fructose, mannose, galactose, and starch were also upregulated. The peptidases and other enzymes encoded by the genes highlighted here may be useful as future food/food allergen processing enzymes to attenuate nut allergens, and may enable the development of dietary aids to assist in digestion and nutrient uptake.


Three dimensional numerical simulation on heat and mass transfer of rectangular eccentric corrugated fin-and-oval tube heat exchangers with different corrugated inclination angles(θ=0°,θ=5°,θ=10°,θ=15°,θ=18°)and inlet air velocities(from 0.5m/s to 4.0m/s)was performed by the FLUENT software.The effects Reynolds number(Re)and corrugated inclination angle(θ)on average Nusselt number(Nu)of the rectangular eccentric corrugated fin-and-oval tube heat exchanger surface,differential pressure lossΔPand finned tube heat transfer performance influence factor j/f were analyzed.The results show that:the comprehensive heat transfer performance of the rectangular eccentric plate-fin-and-oval tube heat exchanger is the best;properly increasing the front windward corrugated inclination angle and reducing the rear area corrugated inclination angle of the corrugated fin can enhance the heat transfer and reduce the resistance loss at the same time.


The objective of our work is to verify the impact of the improvement of health conditions and literacy on economic growth in Morocco during the period between 1980 and 2018. We based ourselves on the work of (Mankiw et al., 1992), in which they studied the impact of human capital on economic growth by integrating it as a component in the Solow model. The data we have used mainly comes from the High Commission for Planning and the World Bank. The observation that we have made is that the composite health and literacy index that we have developed has no significant impact on the growth of GDP per capita in Morocco during the period studied, which means that the literate and healthy work force does not have the expected effect on economic growth in Morocco. Thus, to be able to take advantage of its qualified and educated workforce, we suggest that the Moroccan authorities should encourage investments in sectors of activity that require this kind of workforce, because the study of the current market situation of employment in Morocco has shown that the agricultural sector and the informal sector have a significant share in the national GDP, but recruit an illiterate or low-skilled workforce.


The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical composition of the essential oils of three populations of Daucus aureus from three sites in Eastern Algeria (Setif, Constantine and Oum Elbouaghi) and to test their antibacterial and antioxidant activities. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The major components were sabinene (30.6% and 36.2%), n-nonane (8.0% and 7.9%), α-pinene (5.5% and 6.3%) and 4-terpineol (4.4% and 6.0%) in D. aureus from Setif and Constantine populations essential oils, respectively; whereas, α-pinene (19.4%), β-pinene (12.0%) and p-cymene (12.2%) were the major components in Oum Elbouaghi essential oil population. The chemical compositions of D. aureus from Eastern Algeria are markedly different from those from Western Algeria, and likely represent new chemotypes. The antimicrobial activity of the essential oils was evaluated against four bacteria and one fungus, using the disc-diffusion method and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), whereas, the antioxidant activity of the essential oils was evaluated using the DPPH test. The results showed that the oils have an antimicrobial activity against the microorganisms tested, with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values between 0.97 and 3.23 mg/mL and weaker antioxidant and DPPH radical scavenging activities were found in comparison to butylated hydroxyl toluene (BHT).


Based on the Hodgkin–Huxley theory, this paper establishes several nonlinear system models, analyzes the models' stability, and studies the conditions for repetitive discharge of neuronal membrane potential. Our dynamic analysis showed that the main channel currents (the fast transient sodium current, the potassium delayed rectifier current, and the fixed leak current) of a neuron determine its dynamic properties and that the GHK formula will greatly widen the stimulation current range of the repetitive discharge condition compared with the Nernst equation. The model including the change in ion concentration will lead to spreading depression (SD)-like depolarization, and the inclusion of a Na-K pump will weaken the current stimulation effect by decreasing the extracellular K accumulation. The results indicate that the Hodgkin–Huxley model is suitable for describing the response to initial stimuli, but due to changes in ion concentration, it is not suitable for describing the response to long-term stimuli.


In my daydream, Neil Sloane and Simon Plouffe are contestants on "Jeopardy," the TV game show. Sloane picks the category "Integer Sequences" for $400, and Alex Trebek reads the answer: "1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21...." Sloane instantly supplies the question: "What are the Fibonacci numbers?" Later it is Plouffe's turn, and he selects "Real Numbers" for $1,000. Trebek reads out an answer: "1.618033989," and Plouffe responds with the question: "What is phi, or the golden mean--the limiting value of the ratio of successive Fibonacci numbers?"


The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is fully committed to sharing the excitement of America's international space missions with its stakeholders, particularly the general public. In 2009, the Space Shuttle delivered astronauts to the Hubble Space Telescope to service that great observatory and to the International Space Station to install the observation platform on the Japanese Kibo laboratory. The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter is showing an unprecedented view of the Moon, confirming the presence of hardware left behind during the Apollo missions decades ago and helping scientists better understand Earth's natural satellite. These and numerous other exciting missions are fertile subjects for public education and outreach. NASA's core mission includes engaging the public face of space in many forms and forums. Agency goals include communicating with people across the United States and through international opportunities. NASA has created a culture where communication opportunities are valued avenues to deliver information about scientific findings and exploration possibilities. As this presentation will show, NASA's leaders act as ambassadors in the public arena and set expectations for involvement across their organizations. This presentation will focus on the qualities that NASA leaders cultivate to achieve challenging missions, to expand horizons and question "why". Leaders act with integrity and recognize the power of the team multiplier effect on delivering technical performance within budget and schedule, as well as through participation in education and outreach opportunities. Leaders are responsible for budgeting the resources needed to reach target audiences with compelling, relevant information and serve as role models, delivering key messages to various audiences. Examples that will be featured in this presentation include the Student Launch Projects and Great Moonbuggy race, which reach hundreds of students who are a promising pipeline for new scientists and engineers for a new generation of discovery. The popular Exploration Experience trailer is an interactive-exhibit environment that travels across the United States, conveying the innovation necessary for space travel and the wonder of discovery that comes from viewing our planet as part of the larger space-scape.


Abstract : The objectives of this investigation have been to design a variable camber system, establish its performance capabilities and provide data to support a decision for flight demonstration. This report describes the structural loads and stress calculations. The variable camber wing consists of leading and trailing edge flaps that can be deflected to match the camber requirements of any flight condition. Wing leading and trailing edge flaps with flexible skins, combined with a simple internal mechanism, are used to achieve smoothly curved upper surfaces so that an optimum wing shape can be provided throughout the flight spectrum.


Gum resin extracts of frankincense (Boswellia serrata) have been used for centuries for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases. AKBA (3-O-acetyl-11-keto-β- boswellic acid), a pentacyclic triterpene, is the most potent anti-inflammatory fraction of the boswellic acids. Principally among its many effects is the inhibition of the 5-LO enzyme and thus the suppression of its down stream pro-inflammatory leukotriene by-products. It is becoming increasingly clear that 5-LO metabolites are up-regulated in virtually all significant major chronic illnesses. Recent findings show that the 5-LO is expressed in practically all underlying inflammatory pathogenesis, in classical conditions like asthma, colitis or joints diseases but also in atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases; bone resorption and osteoporosis; skin illnesses such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, acne and contact dermatitis; cancers such as pancreatic, bladder, breast, brain and prostate; neurological degenerative ailments and migraine; venous stasis; allergies and allergic sinusitis, etc. More conditions are regularly added. Inhibition of the 5-LO pro-inflammatory lipid mediators will be increasingly seen as part of the standard-of-care. The necessity of appropriately suppressing the 5-LO originating inflammation has been tackled largely unsuccessfully by the pharmaceutical industry up to now. Besides boswellic acids (BA's) there are currently no other comparably potent and risk free natural 5-LO inhibitor on the market. Boswellic acids are 5-LO inhibitors but the use of unpurified boswellia serrata extracts (BSE's) with a low 2-3% AKBA concentration have proven to have limitations and in some conditions outright contra-indications. Newly available BSE's standardized to 90% pure pharmaceutical grade AKBA avoid the previous pitfalls and augment clinical success rates. Nutritional supplementation with pharmaceutical grade BSE containing a high percentage of the AKBA fraction avoids the necessity of simultaneous exposure to high levels of other beta boswellic acids which can actually increase platelet aggregation and other paradoxical inflammatory reactions if a hyper-coagulable state exists. A daily dosage of 100-300 mg AKBA is the minimum required intake in order to achieve the effective therapeutic plasma levels suggested by clinical and laboratory studies. Various nutritional modalities are described here that have been found to significantly increase the absorption rate and bio-availability of AKBA. Most of the current boswellia formulations have a low AKBA content that cannot achieve the required blood levels of AKBA in a practicable


PURPOSE: A coupling structure of a support bar for building construction is provided to more conveniently and accurately couple vertical support bars to horizontal reinforcing bars or horizontal bars to vertical support bars and vertical handle bars using bolts and nuts. CONSTITUTION: A coupling structure of a support bar for building construction is as follows. Fastening nuts are inserted to a fastening hole(2a) of each horizontal reinforcing bar(3). Horizontal bars(6) are coupled to the front side of vertical support bars(4). A pair of joints(41) with a plurality of cut grooves are formed on the rear side of each vertical support bar. A plurality of insertion joints(71) and fixing holes(7a) for coupling bolts are formed in each vertical handle bar(7).


An improved coupling element for coupling light into and out of a light component, which coupling element consists of a single core of cladded glass fiber whose cladding has a diameter that amounts to at least 1 mm so that the cladding acts as a member for supporting the core in the coupling element. Preferably, at least one flat surface is formed on the cladding to facilitate attaching the branching waveguide or fiber.


Alan Reitman, Associate Executive Director of the American Civil Liberties Union, submitted a series of questions which the practitioners of civil liberties would like behavioral scientists to answer. Triandis translates these questions to researchable topics, reviews some of the literature relevant to each, and suggests the kinds of studies that need to be done in order to provide some answers.


Because of its advantages of light weight, high strength and convenient construction, steel structure has gradually become the first choice for large-span and high-rise structures. The use of high strength steel in building engineering can reduce the section size of components and the weight of the structure, thus increasing the building area. But steel is not fire-resistant, when the temperature reaches 600°C, steel loses most of the stiffness and strength. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the fire resistance of steel structures, and the mechanical properties of steel structures at high temperature are the foundation of the fire resistance research. The mechanical properties of steel after high temperature are the basis for the safety assessment of steel structure after fire. Therefore, this paper studies the mechanical properties of Q345 steel after high temperature cooling.


................................................................................................................... i Acknowledgments ..................................................................................................... ii List of Tables ............................................................................................................... v List of Figures ............................................................................................................ vi 1.0  INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................1 2.0  LITERATURE REVIEW .....................................................................................4 2.1  Backgrounds ......................................................................................................4 2.2  Relative Risk Ratio Method ..............................................................................6 2.3  Gaps in Current Research..................................................................................8 3.0  DATA SOURCES..............................................................................................10 3.1  Study Location.................................................................................................10 3.2  Weather Data Sources .....................................................................................11 3.2.1  PORTAL Data ArchiveWeather Satiation Data ....................................11 3.2.2  Next Generation Weather Radar Doppler (NEXRAD) Data ...................14 3.2.3  PORTAL VS. NEXRAD Weather Data...................................................19 3.3  Crash Data .......................................................................................................22 4.0  METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................25 4.1  Relative Risk Ratio..........................................................................................25 5.0  RESULTS............................................................................................................28 6.0  CONCLUSIONS ...............................................................................................33 7.0  REFERENCES ...................................................................................................35


his paper assessed the impact of employee training on T organizational productivity using staff of Nasarawa State Polytechnic, Lafia as a case study. The need for this paper arose because training is seen as a major tool that promotes staff productivity in an organization. The study assessed the impact and factors that affect staff training at Nasarawa State Polytechnic, Lafia. The study adopted the survey method of data collection. A total of 415 respondents were selected using stratified random sampling technique. The data set used for the research was obtained through the use of questionnaire; the reliability of the instrument yielded 0.75 Cronbach Alpha Coefficient from the Pilot study. The research hypotheses were analyzed using chi-square statistical tool and with the use of SPSS 17 programme. The result of the analysis revealed some of the major factors that impact negatively on staff training at Nasarawa State Polytechnic, Lafia to include; high cost/poor funding of the training, negative attitude and behavior of workers toward the training, poor planning, technological innovation and creativity, poor budgetary provision, change in management/leadership and improper consideration for training needs had grossly affected the quality of staff training over the years. It was further established that, the most effective methods of staff training used at the Polytechnic were workshops, seminars, conferences and in-service training which were suitable and effective but wrong implementation approach has over the years affected the quality of the training. It was also discovered that there is a significant relationship between training and organizational productivity. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended that employee training should be given adequate attention by the authorities of the Polytechnic in order to achieve high level of productivity. Also, training needs of the organization as well as that of workers must be identified before making recommendations for training, if higher productivity is to be achieved.


Sequential measurements of cardiac output, intravascular pressures, blood gases, pH, blood volume, and oxygen consumption were made in normal subjects and patients in shock before, during, and after infusions of dextran-40. In eight normal subjects the responses were: increased central venous pressure, increased cardiac index, decreased peripheral resistance, and decreased hemoglobin concentrations. These changes were of short duration and were attributed largely to increased plasma volume from the infusion.Nineteen of 26 patients in shock responded to administration of dextran-40 with increased central venous pressure, cardiac index, plasma volume, and central blood volume, as well as decreased mean transit time and total peripheral resistance. Lesser increases in blood pressure, stroke index, and left ventricular stroke work were observed. The increase in cardiac index was preceded by increased central venous pressure and decreased peripheral resistance. The hemodynamic changes were more marked and of longer duration than those of the normal subjects. In addition to these hemodynamic changes, dextran increased oxygen consumption in all but one of the patients whose major problem was hemorrhage and trauma. Increased oxygen consumption suggests that tissue perfusion improved after dextran possibly because of increased small vessel flow as well as increased plasma volume.In patients who were in shock because of sepsis, no change in oxygen consumption was observed despite hemodynamic improvement. As in the normal subjects, these hemodynamic changes were attributable to plasma expansion.In seven patients, dextran increased central venous pressure without improving cardiac index or other hemodynamic parameters. It is suggested that these patients were functioning with limited cardiac reserve.


What Is a Labor Shortage?  No universal definition  Economists generally view a shortage as a situation where D>S at prevailing wage for a sustained period  This implies "excess" vacancies, but how many?  How long must the disequilibrium go on before considered a shortage?  Should time to fill vacancies be a criterion? * When is a market tight v. having a shortage?  "Social demand shortage": less than we would like to have, but market clears; not a shortage in economic sense  Social demand shortages are important for assessing social policy, but the solutions may be different from policies to deal with an economic shortage  Social demand shortages are relevant for immigration policy  Blank-Stigler define shortage as when supply increases less rapidly than number demanded  Arrow-Capron define dynamic shortage as when steady upward shift in demand curve resulting in unfilled vacancies  The Blank-Stigler and Arrow-Capron definitions are too narrow—increasing demand is only one explanation why market does not clear  Important point is that "shortage" means different things to different people


Private health insurance (PHI) is a type of insurance taken up voluntarily and paid for privately either by individuals or by employers on behalf of individuals. Over the years, Health insurance policies have received valuable attentions from private and public researchers because of its invaluable contributions to the economy. However, much work has not been done linking customers buying behaviors to private health insurance purchase in developed and developing economies. This concepts form the basis of this study, which aims to give theoretical explanations to customer buying behavior towards private health insurance in Nigeria and Ireland. This was formulated by 5-point alternate hypotheses (Ha), developed from the literatures thus producing the results which complement the research topic. The methodology makes use of quantitative and qualitative data collections by the use of questionnaires and focus group respectively among residents of Nigeria and Ireland. This study therefore, established that all investigated objectives of this research has been fulfilled and the alternate hypotheses have been accepted. The result of this research led to a conclusion that, irrespective of the countries, customer-buying preferences are generally similar with little variations from external factors such as pestle analysis. Aside that, price, comprehensive coverage, income, recommendations, promotions and discounts are the major determinants of customer buying behaviours towards private health insurances policy as shown in this study.


Introduction: The Preschool Cycle is a period of changes in nutritional status and eating behavior, constituting a fundamental stage for the development of healthy eating habits, where the family plays a major role. Objective: Identify the main barriers and facilitators for healthy eating in preschool age, with the purpose of designing strategies to prevent childhood overweight and obesity. Materials and Methods: The research was conducted under a mixed approach, with a descriptive and transversal type. Sixty parents or caregivers of preschool children who were part of the model during 2014 at the Mariano Cortes School (urban) and Canada School (rural), completed the questionnaire and twenty-five participated in the focus groups (one focus group in each school). Results: The barriers that the parents and caregivers faced daily included: food rejection by the child, the influence of peers and even the attitudes of adults who share with the child while eating. The facilitators that encourage healthy eating in this stage of life were: establish clear rules when eating, offer a variety of foods and explain to the child the importance of eating fruits and vegetables in a simple way. Conclusion: The barriers and facilitators to promote healthy eating in this stage of the lifetime, must be include as part of future strategies for the prevention of childhood obesity.


In view of present electric power resource's structure in the east regions of China,on the basis of the analysis of economy,energy,technology and relevant policies in this area,the rational electric power resource's structure and development direction in the future is put forward.


Precipitation is one of the most important climate variables that could influence the climatological, agricultural, and hydrological studies. This paper presents several test statistics to detect the effects of autocorrelation and its level of significance in the seasonal rainfall data over eastern Amhara. The daily rainfall data was obtained from the National Meteorological Agency of Ethiopia. The Mann-Kendall test, Sen's slope estimator, and Pettit's test were used to assess the significance, magnitude, and point changes in the seasonal rainfall data, respectively. The effects of autocorrelation in the time series data was no found significantly, except at lag 1. The Mann-Kendall test revealed that 65% of study sites showed an increasing trend with only 31% was statistically significant (p<0.05) during the Annual season. About 85% of the study sites showed an increasing trend with 41% of it was significant during the Kiremt season. On the other hand, 70% of the study site during Bega seasons showed increasing trend with only 21% part of it was statically. Similarly, during Belg seasons, 35% of the study sites were in an increasing trend, in which 14% was significant. In this study, the effects of autocorrelation and seasonal change points were not detected in the time series data.


The attenuation of endothelium-dependent nitric oxide (NO)-mediated vasodilation is a consistent finding in both conduit and resistance vessels during copper deficiency. However, there is often no effect on systemic blood pressure in experimental animals, suggesting that peripheral vascular resistance is not altered. We hypothesized that baseline vascular smooth muscle relaxation may be maintained by a chronic increase in inducible NO synthase (iNOS) expression, as has been documented in hearts of copper-deficient rats. We used endothelium-denuded rat aortic rings to examine the role of iNOS in the regulation of vascular reactivity during dietary copper deficiency. Male weanling rats were fed a copper-adequate (CuA, 5.6 mg Cu/kg diet) or copper-deficient diet (CuD, 0.33 mg Cu/kg diet) for 4 weeks. The induction of "functional" iNOS was indicated by a relaxation response to the NO precursor L-arginine or to Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD), which preserves basal NO. Time to 50% relaxation in response to either compound was significantly shorter in the CuD than in the CuA aortas. The maximal relaxation response to L-arginine was blocked by the iNOS inhibitor L-NIL, and the relaxation response to Cu,Zn-SOD was blocked by the NO-sensitive guanylate cyclase inhibitor ODQ. Maximal activation of iNOS expression with lipopolysaccharide pretreatment did not cause a difference in vascular relaxation between dietary groups in response to L-arginine. Expression of the iNOS protein in the aortas was also not different between groups. These results suggest that although there is no apparent increase in protein expression, copper deficiency increases baseline iNOS activity in the vascular wall. J. Trace Elem. Exp. Med. 15:85–95, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.


Racially themed parties are all-too-common occurrences on college campuses. Using critical race theory as a lens, this article provides a contemporary overview of these events and deconstructs these incidents as examples of overt forms of racism often emanating from subtle, everyday occurrences of covert racism or racial microaggressions. Implications for future empirical research and professional practice are provided in hopes of better responding to and prevention of racially themed parties.


The influence of several alloying elements on the microstructure and creep properties of polycrystalline Co-base superalloys hardened with the ternary L12 compound, γ'-Co3 (Al,W), are presented in this work. The stability of the γ/γ'-microstructure was investigated by long term aging at temperatures of 750 °C and 900 °C. High contents of chromium and iron destabilize the γ/γ'microstructure. Additions of nickel widen the γ/γ'two phase field. Discontinuous precipitation is observed only in the iridiumcontaining alloy during aging. In all other alloys no formation of further intermetallic phases are found even after 1000 hrs aging at 750 °C and 900 °C. Boron has been added for the formation of grain boundary strengthening intermetallic phases which leads to an adjacent γ'-depleted zone. Nanoindentation shows that titanium improves its hardness. The creep strength of the studied alloys is sufficiently better than that of commercial carbide hardened polycrystalline Co-base superalloys and already close to γ'hardened Ni-base superalloys. An alloy containing 2 at.% titanium exhibited a creep strength comparable with the Ni-base alloy IN100. The microstructure after creep tests at 950 °C showed rafting perpendicular to the compressive load axis, confirming the positive lattice misfit of the alloys at high temperatures which was determined with high energy X-ray diffraction.


As social enterprise has gained in profile, there has been a proliferation of new hybrid corporate forms that combine the pursuit of both profits and social objectives, and the creator of the popular benefit corporation is currently lobbying to introduce 'benefit companies' in Australia. While they are well-intended, this chapter queries whether these new structures are ultimately just a sideshow to distract from the failure to reform expectations surrounding traditional corporations, which are often wrongly presented as inadequate to support socially responsible business practices. Might the spread of hybrids inadvertently serve to ghettoise expectations for socially beneficial and sustainable corporate behaviour? This chapter briefly describes the new structures that have emerged. It then argues that directors' duties owed to the traditional corporation do not preclude the consideration of other stakeholders and that the arguments in favour of the hybrids skew our understanding of the traditional corporation and obscure the need for socially responsible conduct on the part of traditional corporations. The chapter finally argues against adopting a hybrid form in Australia.


the model was established, it was the dynamic knowledge model of suiting soybean varieties, variety selection and variety sowing time determination Experimental data. the knowledge model was verified through six different ecological points of Inner Mongolia and different varieties data. The results show that the model has a better decision-making and universal application.


After relating a case in which members of the Society were personally interested, Dr. McGuire said that this is the way that men usually die (by surgical kidney) who have serious obstruction to the passage of urine. In both sexes, and at all ages, mechanical obstruction to the passage of urine from the kidney ends in cystitis, ureteritis, pyelitis and pyelo-nephrosis. Obstruction may be due to stricture, enlarged prostate, tumor, stone, etc. It ends sooner or later in surgical kidney. A very common cause for this is an enlarged prostate. This conies on after the age of 55 years. As far as Dr. McGuire's experience goes, if a man escapes this trouble until he is 63, he is not apt to have it. We all know how common it is in old men—so common that he sometimes wonders that it was not included in that wonderful description of old age


For an annealed type random dynamical system arising from non-uniformly expanding maps which admits uniformly contractive branches, we establish the existence of an absolutely continuous [Formula: see text]-finite invariant measure. We also show when the invariant measure is infinite.


New, large-momentum-transfer 0.8 GeV p+/sup 208/Pb elastic analyzing power data are presented and compared to optical model predictions using the Kerman-McManus-Thaler microscopic optical potential. This comparison provides an important test of multiple scattering theories since the predictions are quite sensitive to the assumed nucleon-nucleon scattering amplitudes and are not sensitive to the details of the nuclear densities. We show that improvement in the agreement between experiment and a parameter-free theoretical prediction is obtained when the calculation includes the electromagnetic spin-orbit potential which arises from the coupling of the projectile proton's magnetic moment and the Coulomb field of the target nucleus. The sensitivity of the predicted analyzing power to the various ingredients of the theory is also investigated, and the importance of the inclusion of target-nucleon correlations (in the second-order Kerman-McManus-Thaler potential) for proper explanation of the data is discussed.


Abstract:This essay argues that as the twentieth century saw rapid and radical changes to women's experiences of and in relation to travel, there was a commensurate shift in women's experiences of and in relation to the home. The physical spaces of the home were altered by changes in architecture and design, developments in domestic technology, and social and cultural shifts. The essay focuses on Stella Gibbons's Cold Comfort Farm, which depicts a domestic sphere transformed by traveling women and a modern home that, rather than being antithetical to ideas of movement, incorporates travel into the domestic space.


A survey made at the tumor clinic of the New York Post-Graduate Hosp ital indicated that with radical surgical treatment the prognosis in breast cancer in young women is as favorable as in older patients. 73 cases of cancer for this hospital and several others in New York City and Boston were reviewed; all patients were under 30 years of age. There were 14 inoperable cases (19%). In 2 cases of inflammatory malignant tumor a rapidly fatal outcome occurred. X-ray therapy was not beneficial in these cases. Of 49 operated on more than 5 years earlier 20 were alive. Of 16 patients operated on 10 years previously 6 were alive. Bilateral cancer developed in 5%. Cancers were more common among negroes than among whites. Data for the United States for 1930-1939 for cancer of the breast showed a ratio of 2 to 1 in Negro males and 3 to 1 in Negro females as compared with whites. In the United States there were 930 patients with breast cancer death under age 30; these were 2% of all breast cancer deaths. Patients under age 20 comprised .09% of the total. The chief symptom was a painless lump. A 1st diagnosis of fibroadenoma is often made. Biopsies showed the cancer. When the tumor was hard and there was fixation to surrounding tissues cancer was suspected. Early diagnosis is facilitated by removal of all solid tumors. Inflammatory lesions occur most frequently in connection with nursing. Tuberculosis of the breast may simulate cancer. Cancers have been found most frequently in the upper outer quadrant of the breast. In the 45 cases that were graded 8 were Grades 3 or 4. Punch biopsy is considered unsatisfactory. At biopsy the whole tumor or multiple tumors should be excised. Radical surgery for women under 30 years of age gives results comparable with those in older women.


Reverse logistics is an approach in supply chain management that is relatively new hence a lot of emphasis has not been put to it by manufacturing companies in order to attain optimum performance. Most establishments had not put up arrangements to help them handle product returns and remanufacture and how to handle green aspects of supply chain. The overall objective of this study was to establish the effects of reverse logistics practices on customer perception by motor vehicle dealers in Kisumu County, Kenya. The research was steered by two objectives; To examine the extent to which product reuse on reverse logistics practices affects customer perception of motor vehicle dealers in Kisumu County and to establish whether product remanufacture on reverse logistics practices affects customer perception by motor vehicle dealers in Kisumu County. This study embraced a descriptive research design. The target population of this study was fifty employees including staff in the finance, procurement, sales and warehouse departments of seven motor vehicle dealers whose business was dealership in new vehicles and parts in Kisumu County. The research used a structured questionnaire to collect primary data for making conclusions. Data was then evaluated using tables and percentages. Purposive sampling method was used. Data was analyzed using SPSS. Inferential statistics such as correlation and regression was also used. The study found out that product return and product remanufacture positively and significantly influenced customer perception among motor vehicle dealers in Kisumu County. Key Words: Products Returns, Products Remanufacture, Reverse Logistics, Supply Chain Management CITATION: Okumu, S. O., & Juma, D. (2019). Influence of reverse logistics practices on customer perception of motor vehicle dealers in Kisumu County, Kenya. The Strategic Journal of Business & Change Management, 6 (2), 1855 –1869.


The problem of poroelastic and thermally induced fracture propagation due to transient cooling is important to geothermal and unconventional petroleum reservoir development. This paper considers and solves this problem numerically using two-dimensional displacement discontinuity method. First, we show the stress and temperature distributions on and near a single crack in an elastic domain to demonstrate the effect of transient cooling on the thermally induced stresses near fracture. Then, we consider poroelastic effects in conjunction with thermoelastic stress to illustrate their combined impact on fractures and their propagation. For determination of the crack propagation path, the maximum principal stress criterion is used. Also to increase the accuracy of stress intensity factor calculations, a special crack tip displacement discontinuity element is implemented at the crack tip. Numerical results show that the high tensile stresses due to cooling can lead to formation of secondary fractures perpendicular to the main fracture. The pore pressure effect is expected to have high influence on the determination of fracture path and porothermoelastic field in the geothermal reservoir.


This investigation examines the intergranular corrosion resistance of both welded and unwelded type 304, 304L, 321, 321L, and 347 alloys after various sensitizing and or stabilizing heat treatments. The intergranular corrosion resistance was characterized using ASTM A262 test methods and the double loop electrochemical potentiodynamic reactivation testing (EPR). The results show that stabilization by itself is not sufficient to render austenitic stainless steel immune to sensitization. The EPR testing demonstrates that the double loop parameters for all alloys correlate well with corrosion rates measured with the ASTM A262 Practice B test.


Part 1 Metallization techniques and properties of metal deposits: designing of organometallics for vapour phase metallization of plastics laser-induced selective copper deposition of polyimides and semiconductors from solution high resolution metallization of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) preparation and characterization of metallized polymer films formed from poly [4-(terephthaloylamino) salicylic acid hydrazide]-metal chelates metallization of aramid films formed through aramid anion chemistry metallization of polymerized vesicles formed from mixtures of zwitterionic and negatively charged phospholipids. Part 2 Investigation of interfacial interactions: the influence of polymer surface functional groups in metal/polymer interfacial chemistry metal/polymer interfacial interactions - chromium-fluorinated poly(aryl ether) in situ study of the metal-polymer interface formation by static SIMS - cases of Al and Cu on PET applications of H.R.E.E.L.S. to metal-polymer systems VUV photoemission study of metallized polymer surfaces the reactivity of low-work function metals on conjugated polymer surfaces - a photoelectron spectroscopy study. Part 3 Plastic surface modification and adhesion aspects of metallized plastics: plasma surface treatment in metal-polymer systems - interface properties and adhesion rearrangement of functional groups of plasma-treated polymer surfaces by contact angle measurements surface modification of aramid fibres by a low temperature plasma to improve their adhesion chemical and physical surface modifications of polymers by ion beam treatments metal/polymer adhesion - effect of ion bombardment on polymer interfacial reactivity an aqueous pretreatment to facilitate the bonding of electrolessly and electrolytically deposited metals to polyetherimeides 3. unfilled-polymer substrates.


Sexual violence reproduces inequalities of gender, race/ethnicity, class, age, sexuality, ability status, citizenship status, and nationality. Yet its study has been relegated to the margins of our discipline, with consequences for knowledge about the reproduction of social inequality. We begin with an overview of key insights about sexual violence elaborated by feminists, critical race scholars, and activists. This research leads us to conceptualize sexual violence as a mechanism of inequality that is made more effective by the silencing of its usage. We trace legal and cultural contestations over the definition of sexual violence in the United States. We consider the challenges of narrating sexual violence and review how the narrow focus on gender by some anti–sexual violence activism fails women of color and other marginalized groups. We conclude by interrogating the sociological silence on sexual violence.


We theoretically study a one dimensional p-wave superconducting mesoscopic ring interrupted by a weak link and coupled inductively to a microwave cavity. We establish an input-output description for the cavity field in the presence of the ring, and identify the electronic contributions to the cavity response and their dependence on various parameters, such as the magnetic flux, chemical potential, and cavity frequency. We show that the cavity response is $4\pi$ periodic as a function of the magnetic flux in the topological region, stemming from the so called fractional Josephson current carried by the Majorana fermions, while it is $2\pi$ periodic in the non-topological phase, consistent with the normal Josephson effect. We find a strong dependence of the signal on the cavity frequency, as well as on the parity of the ground state. Our model takes into account fully the interplay between the low-energy Majorana modes and the gaped bulks states, which we show is crucial for visualizing the evolution of the Josephson effect during the transition from the topological to the trivial phase.


The socio-economic aspects of groundwater development and management are briefly examined and set against a background of highly technical management. The variability of socio-economic responses to groundwater and the problems of engaging large numbers of individual users are highlighted. The paper argues that social, institutional and political factors are the primary obstacles to sustainable management of the world's groundwater resources.


The invention provides an entrance guard control system based on WLAN (wireless local area network) communication. The entrance guard control system comprises an entrance guard device, and is characterized in that the entrance guard device is communicated with a service center through WLAN, the service center is communicated with a television, an entrance guard terminal and a computer through WLAN, the television is communicated with the service center through WLAN, receives entrance guard information transmitted by the service center and inputs door lock control commands through a remote controller, and the computer is communicated with the service center through WLAN, receives entrance guard information transmitted by the service center and inputs door lock control commands through a keyboard. The entrance guard control system can remotely receive video, audio and image information acquired by the entrance guard device and can remotely transmit entrance guard opening and closing commands, and a householder can receive the entrance guard information through such equipment as the television and the computer as an access terminal.


Ubiquitous Consumer Wireless World (UCWW) encompasses the theoretical foundations directing the enabling infrastructural changes for a radically new wireless environment (O'Droma & Ganchev, IEEE Communications Magazine, 48, 2010, pp. 158–165). The radicalness lies in the shift to consumer-centric networking and away from network-centric and subscriber-oriented networking. It is completely in harmony with, and will benefit fully from, almost all the existing global technological development and ongoing standardization efforts in wireless communications.


Joining can be defined as a process to bond two or more parts together. In engineering, joining types are one of the most crucial part in manufacturing decision and therefore significant in design. There are a lot to be considered by engineers for the methods in assembling parts into product where it is related with the manufacturing cost, performance of product and the impact of the end product's weight. Few things related with the decision making is by making sure the availability of the equipment, skilled labor and also the energy and cost of materials [1-3]. Basically there are three classifications of joining for assembly and joining of engineering components which are by mechanical, chemical and physical. Mechanical joining methods are usually based on localized, point-attachment process where the joint is provided by a rivet, nail, bolt or screw [4]. The joints are depending on the tensile stresses in the attachment where the components are being hold in compression. For chemical joining method, it is related to the chemical reaction for the material mixed to be bonded with each other. There would be significant residual stresses happened when the components are chemically bonded, which can damage in the reaction of material that will reduce the strength of the bonded joint. The reaction between a liquid precursor and a hardener will determine the strength of the adhesive before it is applied to the joint [5]. Meanwhile, for the use of solventbased adhesives, welding, soldering and brazing are the examples of physical methods of joining. In can be classified Abstract: Aluminum is used widely in automobile because of its light weight and fuel economy compared to steel. Joining is one of the most crucial part in manufacturing decision of aluminum and therefore significant in design. The aim of this research is to produce nanofiller from graphite materials for toughening adhesive and determining its mechanical properties. In other word, creating a physical joining which consists the mixture of epoxy and modified nanographite for aluminum panel. The weight percentage of the modified nanographite used is 1%, 1.75% and 2.5%. Two type of analysis were made which are mechanical properties and morphological structure. The analysis of mechanical properties consists of tensile test, porosity density and double cantileber beam test. Result from tensile test showed that 1wt% of modified nanographite produces the highest maximum strength of 2.305 MPa. For porosity density test, it shows that 1 wt% of modified nanographite indicated the lowest value of 1.10%, in which affects the mechanical properties of composite significantly. For double cantilever beam test, the results of 1wt% modified nanographite obtained were 6265.32 J/m and 9397.98 J/m for the respective crack lengths 37.5 mm and 25mm. The method used for pre-crack was a non-sticky thin film in adhesives. From both results, it showed that 2.5 wt% modified nanographite produces the lowest value of adhesive strength which mean that adding too much modified nanographite will reduce the brittleness of epoxy thus the strength of adhesive will reduce. For the morphological structure, Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) was used in order to observe the dispersion of nanographite inside the composite. Overall, the research reveals that the adhesive towards aluminum metal is successfull. However, an in-depth study still need to be carried out in order to improve the composite's mechanical properties.


Background: This study examined long-term outcome from severe forebrain ischemia in the rat, as a function of anesthetic given during the ischemic injury. Methods: Rats were subjected to 10 min of near-complete forebrain ischemia while anesthetized with either 1.4% isoflurane or 70% nitrous oxide–fentanyl. Neurologic and histologic outcomes were measured at 5 days, 3 weeks, or 3 months after ischemia. Results: At 5 days, isoflurane-anesthetized rats had less damage than did fentanyl-nitrous oxide–anesthetized rats (mean ± SD, percent alive hippocampal CA1 neurons = 58 ± 29 vs. 20 ± 16, respectively; P = 0.011). This was accompanied by improved motor function in the isoflurane group (P = 0.002). At 3 weeks, there was no difference between groups for either outcome variable (percent alive CA1 neurons = 35 ± 26 and 36 ± 28 for isoflurane and fentanyl–nitrous oxide, respectively). Similarly, at 3 months, there was no difference between groups (percent alive CA1 neurons = 56 ± 27 and 60 ± 27 for isoflurane and fentanyl–nitrous oxide, respectively). Morris water maze performance at 3 months was similar between anesthetic groups and was also similar to sham performance. The percent alive CA1 neurons in the fentanyl–nitrous oxide group increased with duration of recovery (P = 0.004). There were no differences among isoflurane groups over time (5 days vs. 3 weeks, P = 0.26; 5 days vs. 3 months, P = 0.99; 3 week vs. 3 months, P = 0.32). Conclusions: This study found no change in the percent alive CA1 hippocampal neurons as a function of duration of recovery from severe forebrain ischemia in isoflurane anesthetized rats. In contrast, the percent alive CA1 neurons in fentanyl-nitrous oxide–anesthetized rats tripled over 3 months of recovery. The natural history of long-term responses to forebrain ischemia requires further study before conclusions can be drawn with respect to the permanence of isoflurane neuroprotection.


Background
Head and neck cancer is a life threatening illness requiring aversive treatments. Despite clear potential for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in both patients and their partners, research is scant.


Localization is very important for wireless sensor networks. Many applications require the location information. In this paper, we propose a range based Monte Carlo localization algorithm, which builds upon the Monte Carlo localization algorithm. We improve the localization accuracy and efficiency by introducing the RSSI (received signal strength indication) ranging technique, which is a low power, low cost and low complexity ranging method. The ranging error of RSSI is always very large and always varying with the change of the real environment. Although the low accuracy and high uncertainty of the range measurements would appear to make the localization more difficult, our approach exploits it to improve the accuracy and efficiency of localization. Simulation results show that its performance is better than some other localization algorithms.


Wang Juan Ge is the important base of ancient documents in Heilongjiang Province.According to the national preferential policy of ancient documents conservation,the networked and digitalized conservation,development and utilization are important for the librarians to do.This paper gives a brief instruction of the above mentioned researches and some proposal.


Using a unique data set with 18.1 million transactions in bank-issued warrants from the European Warrant Exchange, we compute a retail investor sentiment index. We show that retail investors are contrarian, that retail investor sentiment is an important part of the equity pricing process and that we have a good measure of the sentiment. Moreover, our measure is better than existing measures for our sample period between January 2004 and December 2007. In addition, we show evidence that this data may be used for trading strategies that generate excess returns. As a whole our findings further support a role for retail investor sentiment in the equity pricing process.


The invention discloses a gear control mechanism. The gear control mechanism comprises a control mechanism body and a gear shifting mechanism installed on the control mechanism body, wherein the control mechanism body comprises an operating rod assembly and an operating button assembly installed on the operating rod assembly. The gear shifting mechanism comprises an encoding device, a positioning and gear shifting device and a fixing and connecting device, wherein the encoding device is arranged at the left end of the positioning and gear shifting device, and the encoding device and the positioning and gear shifting device are both sleeved in the fixing and connecting device. The gear control mechanism has the advantages that the gear control mechanism can be applicable to systems for controlling direction, speed or displacement and the like of vehicles or other devices. By utilizing the clamping characteristics of positioning steel balls or other rolling bodies in positioning holes (the positioning holes can be clamping grooves) formed in the circumferential wall face in a positioning and connecting sleeve, the circumferential or axial position of a spindle driving the rolling bodies to move can be discretized according to different clamping positions of the rolling bodies.


This article aims to explain the obstacles in handling cases of gross human rights violations in Indonesia and the concept of resolving cases of serious human rights violations in the perspective of local wisdom. This article does not only lead to normative law that is more directed to research on the legal principles but also considers empirical facts as a reality in the settlement of gross human rights violations. Using the Case study of Tanjung Priok, the author focuses on the challenges to the settlement of gross human rights violations in the perspective of local wisdom. The results showed that the settlement of gross human rights violations through the legal process has encountered many challenges and deadlock, along with trauma to victims that result in a severe and long-lasting effect. Second, the settlement of gross human rights violations in the Tanjung Priok case can be carried out by the state, by apologizing to the victim as well as providing reparations, rehabilitation, and compensation as a state responsibility. For the recommendations, the author suggests the need for more detailed arrangements of solutions for victims whose case already has permanent legal force, such as in the Tanjung Priok case, and accommodating the values of local wisdom to improve the norms contained in the Law on Human Rights Court, especially those relating to the process of settling gross human rights violations through non-judicial channels.Keywords: Settlement of Gross Human Rights Violations; Tanjung Priok case; local wisdom


Thank you for reading fourier mukai and nahm transforms in geometry and mathematical physics. As you may know, people have look hundreds times for their favorite novels like this fourier mukai and nahm transforms in geometry and mathematical physics, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some infectious bugs inside their laptop.


electricity and sell it to SE "Energorynok", which immediately sells it to Oblenergo and independent suppliers. They, in their turn, sell electricity between large and small consumers as well as households. The key problems of the electric power industry of Ukraine are considered separately.


(22) Filed: Sep. 26, 2006 Nonsense words are removed from incoming emails and visu ally similar (look-alike) characters are replaced with the (51) Int. Cl. actual, corresponding characters, so that the emails can be G06F 5/16 (2006.01) more accurately analyzed to see if they are spam. More spe (52) U.S. Cl. ....................................... 709/206: 709/200 cifically, an incoming email stream is filtered, and the emails (58) Field of Classification Search .................. 709f2O6 are normalized to enable more accurate spam detection. In See application file for complete search history. Some embodiments, the normalization comprises the removal of nonsense words and/or the replacement of look-alike char (56) References Cited acters according to a set of rules. In other embodiments, more U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS and/or different normalization techniques are utilized. In Some embodiments, the language in which an email is written 6,073,165 A : 6, 2000 Narasimhan et al. ........ TO9,206 is identified in order to aid in the normalization. Once incom 6.421,709 B1* 72002 McCormicket al......... TO9,206 ing emails are normalized, they are then analyzed to detect 7,299,261 B1 * 1 1/2007 Oliver et al. ................ 709,206 spam or other forms of undesirable email, such as phishing 2002/0103914 A1* 8, 2002 Dutta et al. ................. 709,229 il s 2003/0158725 A1 8, 2003 Woods ........................ TO4f10 Ca1S. 2004/00873.00 A1* 5, 2004 Lewis ...................... 455,412.2 2004/0107386 A1* 6/2004 Burdick et al. ................ T14? 38 18 Claims, 1 Drawing Sheet


The branching fraction in the decay of the fission product ⁸⁵m-krypton⁸⁵m to the ground state ⁸⁵krypton (10.75 y) was measured relative to the total decay to both ⁸⁵krypton and ⁸⁵Rb. Samples of uranium-235 were highly irradiated in a high-flux reactor and dissolved. ⁸⁵Rb was measured by isotope-dilution mass spectrometry, and the ⁸⁵krypton was counted in GM tubes the counting efficiencies of which were calibrated with a standardized ⁸⁵krypton gas of known disintegration rate. The branching fraction measured with both a low-burnup sample and a high-burnup sample was 0.2160 +/- 0.0019, the largest error arising from the uncertainty in the caibration of the standardized gas.


Friedman's article 'What informatics is and isn't',1 presents a necessary and timely analysis of the field of informatics. After defining some of its characteristics, training needs and also examples of what it isn't, the author re-introduces what he has called 'the fundamental theorem of informatics'1—originally formulated for biomedical informatics—'that persons supported by information technology will be better than the same persons performing the same task unassisted'. Figure 1 shows it graphically.

Figure 1
Friedman's 'fundamental theorem of informatics'.1

Both the theorem and the picture have become well known in the biomedical informatics field. However, while an interesting, thought-provoking exercise, this proposal about 'what informatics is and isn't' faces several scientific vulnerabilities, as noted below.

The term 'informatics' derives from the German 'Informatik', the Russian 'Informatika' and the French 'informatique', which combines 'information' with 'automatique'. One concept lies at its core: information. While it is clear how 'informatics' is semantically linked to 'information', what is meant by information is not so obvious: it can convey a wide range of meanings:


The radiation‐induced defect centers in a low‐loss Corning germanium‐doped optical fiber have been studied. In addition to silicon E′ centers, four germanium‐related centers, corresponding to electrons trapped at the site of oxygen vacancies in s p3 orbitals of germanium ions with zero to three next‐nearest‐neighbor germaniums, were observed. A model which assumes Gaussian distributions in the excited‐state energy‐level splittings has been successfully used to computer simulate the ESR spectrum of the irradiated fiber.


A special form of complex coronary angioplasty is represented by the extension of indications for percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) to patients with multivessel disease (MVD) for whom surgery is not indicated, and thus for whom surgical standby is not available. Over a two‐year period, 254 consecutive coronary patients with multivessel disease underwent PTCA under such conditions. These patients could not benefit from surgery for various reasons. Of the 612 arteries involved, 155 were occluded, 47 had been previously bypassed. A distal nonbypassable lesion in one of the three major arteries was found in 244 patients, 61 had suffered from a previous infarct, 24 demonstrated an ejection fraction below 0.40, and in 19 a single patent vessel was found. Fifteen patients were in cardiogenic shock and 69 procedures were undertaken for unstable angina. Of this latter group, 25 emergency PTCA were attempted for refractory unstable angina, and 44 additional emergency procedures were directed to the treatment of acute infarct. A total of 40 intra‐aortic counterpulsations were needed. As far as possible the procedure aimed at full revascularization. Immediate outcome is strongly affected by the clinical context, and despite a rather constant initial success rate (88–95%), the procedural mortality (directly related or not) can change dramatically with clinical factors. Respective definitive success and mortality rates are: 93% and 0% when a complete revascularization is attempted, 89% and 0% in double‐vessel disease with stable angina, 80% and 2.8% with stable triple‐vessel disease, 85% and 3.2% in the overall elective procedures, 77% and 19% in emergency cases, 60% and 40% in cadiogenic shock, and 47% and 47% in cases of single patent vessel. In such nonsurgical MVD patients, some situations entail very high risks and clinical characteristics are powerful predictive factors. These clinical factors must be taken into account, isolated and associated, and included when weighing carefully the risks before any decision to treat.


Most articles of Reactive Attachment Disorder reported Disinhibited Type children adopted from other countries. Reports from only Turkey and Korea focused on Inhibited Type of Reactive Attachment Disorder children whom raised by their own parents and whose symptoms are very similar to Autistic Disorder. Since articles of treatment of Reactive Attachment Disorder, especially for Inhibited Type are very rare, this article informed the author's experiences of treatment for Korean Reactive Attachment Disorder children since 1987. To treat Reactive Attachment Disorder patients and their parents, three important areas must be included : 1) to make a therapeutic environment for a Reactive Attachment Disorder child, 2) to make an attachment between Reactive Attachment Disorder child and his/her mother through individual play therapy, filial therapy, and group therapy with sibling or peer, 3) to catch up developmental delay by speech therapy, cognitive therapy and therapeutic education. This treatment methods can be more easily and more effectively applied to Korean patients than other methods from western countries including USA or England.


The relationship between body weight or body fat and musculoskeletal complications has been documented in several studies. An increase in body weigth might be expected to add additional trauma to the weight carring joints, thereby accelerating the development of osteoarthritis, an age- related, noninflammatory disease of the diarthrodial joints characterized by degeneration and overgrowth of the cartilage and by overgrowth and sclerosis of the bone. The association between increased weigth and the risk for development of knee osteoarthritis is stronger in women than in men. There is no evidence that the development of osteoarthritis leads the subsequent onset of obesity. A decrease in bmi of 2 units or more during a 10-year period decrease the odds for developing knee osteoarthritis by more than 50 percent. weight gain was associated with a slight increase in risk. Obesity is also associated with an increased risk of gout. a significant correlation was seen between uric acid levels and weight, and was particulary marked in the age group 35 to 44, with somewhat lower correalation coefficients in the older age groups. Gout is also commoner in the obese. The musculoeskeletal pain osteoarthritis-related relieves with weight loss but returned when the weight was regained.


We propose two types of strategies for obstacle avoidance of outdoor mobile robot. One is safety channel estimation algorithm (SCEA), it is a simple and direct algorithm of obstacle avoidance by computing the largest safety-channel and then adjusting the steering angle command, this algorithm is essentially safety-first algorithm. The estimation of safety-channel ensures the vehicle to select at least one path to track while there are many obstacles. The other algorithm is the most dangerous obstacle estimation algorithm (MDOEA), it is much more complicated than SCEA, however it has obvious purpose, and ensures the vehicle to avoid the current most dangerous obstacle. Therefore this algorithm shows higher artificial intelligence, it is essentially danger-first algorithm which is obviously inverse against the safety-first algorithm. It also shows a better effect of the global path tracking under global environment.


An iridium complex having a 2-aminoquinolinate ligand can bind both lone pairs of ketones such as acetone and 2-hexanone in a two-point fashion via a coordinate Ir−O bond and an N−H···O hydrogen bond. This two-point binding orients the ketone so that the fluxional exchange of the two distinct methyl groups in the acetone complex is strongly slowed relative to the situation where the pendant NH2 group is absent. In addition, certain substrates, such as 3-hexanone, can form complexes only when the H-bonding group is absent. We propose that H-bonding orients the substrate in the mirror plane of the molecule in such a way that the Et group of the substrate causes steric repulsion with the Ir−H group. In unsymmetrical cases such as PhCHO, the orientation occurs so that the aldehyde proton is located near the Ir−H group.


Brushless DC motor(BLDCM) is a multivariable and nonlinear system,traditional PID controller with the defect that is hard to be adjusted can hardly meet the controlling requirement for BLDCM.Aiming at this problem,an adaptive speed PID control algorithm based on Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO) was proposed.The ability of flexible and balanced optimizing in global and local situation was used to adjust parameters on line,so as to improve the adaptive ability of PID.The simulation result proves that the overshoot of the system is small and the speed response is fast with a little fluctuation.The algorithm has better dynamic characteristic and robustness than traditional PID control.


In the rigid hierarchy of Chinese salve and feudal society,the deaths of the emperors often lead to intense political turmoil and the deaths of the lords and high officials in ancient China,such significant events that the euphemistic expressions about death with relatively abundant meanings.The expressions on the deaths of nearly 70 noble people show us that:compared to that of ordinary people,the taboos and euphemisms refer to death of the nobility are much richer in kind and illusion;besides "pass away" and "collapse","go to paradise","discard one's court" and "be immortality" take a dominant role in the expressions on the death of the lords and high officials.


In modern viticulture partial defoliation is regularly used to increase grape quality. The aim of this study was to determine in what way does partial defoliation affect the mechanical and chemical composition of grape variety Cabernet sauvignon (Vitis vinifera L.), 2016 harvest. The experiment was carried out at the Jazbina Experimental Station by removing four basal leaves from every vine in four different periods (before flowering and fertilization, after flowering and fertilization, in the pea size of the berry and at the veraison). Statistical analysis of the obtained data showed that partial defoliation carried out in the pea size of the berry most affected the reduction of total acidity and increase in pH and sugar content. The same treatment was the only one that influenced the decrease in yield per pound, while in the other variants there were no significant differences. The variation of the defoliation at the veraison was the only one that had the effect on the increase of total acidity, and most on the reduction of the total polyphenol content. Partial defoliation did not affect the average cluster mass and the number of berries.


By contrast of the nylon elastic top cradles QS-142 and the metallic ones regarding the spinning trial,conclusion is made that the spinning quality by the nylon products is superior over that by the metallic ones regarding improvement of CV value and lowering the number of neps in kilometers.


The level of customer service provided by businesses in the resort community of Estes Park, Colorado, was investigated in this study. The problems and barriers in delivering quality customer service were determined through a collaborative process of data gathering that involved the use of surveys, group interviews and focus groups. The research confirmed that inconsistent customer service is a direct result of the lack of any customer service training programme, non-existent effort among the providers of tourism services, and low awareness of the impact of customer service as a key marketing and management tool in attracting new and repeat visitors. The research produced a model for developing a tourist-centred customer service campaign that incorporated community involvement in the design and execution of the research and resulting programmes.


This article uses a case study to show causes of discontent of the Indian community of Actopan and to explain the way in which discontent could be understood as an acceptable legal claim for the Spanish authorities. In this respect it is interesting to note the role played by the colonial legal system in the collective imagination, as the basis of political demands, regardless of the fact that the latter were made in a violent, collective fashion. These associations enable us to analyze the complexity of indigenous rebellions as resistance strategies and even political participation. The case study of this riot enables us to study the way the Indigenous community managed to organize a significant set of claims that provide the basis for its discontent, especially towards local authorities, without attempting to disrupt the colonial social fabric.


The paper analyzes how central banks pay attention to foreign exchange exposure and the profit function in pursuing monetary policy. The results of the paper document that in practice, central banks do not take the microeconomic approach based on profit maximization in making decisions on the level of foreign exchange reserves or the magnitude of the open foreign exchange position. According to the authors' estimations, only the interest rate differential plays a role in central banks' decisions. Central banks do not seem to take into account in their foreign exchange interventions any possible negative impacts on the profit and loss statement that may result from an adverse exchange rate trend, the costs of sterilizing foreign exchange interventions, or high exchange rate volatility.


Background and Purpose—In vitro studies have shown that nerve growth factor (NGF) is protective to cortical neurons against various insults. However, the role of NGF in relation to its high-affinity trkA receptor in the cortical neurons has not been well discussed. In this experiment, we studied the possible involvement of the NGF/receptor system in the ischemic injury of cortical neurons after focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Methods—Male Wistar rats received right middle cerebral artery occlusion of 90 minutes' duration. The rats were decapitated at different reperfusion time points: hour 4 and days 1, 3, 7, and 14 of recirculation. Brain sections at the level of striatum were immunostained against NGF, trkA, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and stress protein HSP70. Double immunostaining against NGF and GFAP was also performed. Optical density of NGF immunoreactivity in the ischemic and nonischemic cortexes was compared between sham-control and ischemic animals. Results—In the sham-control rats,...


Holloway, University of London, UK) is one of the leading British academics in the study of the Spanish Gothic. Her new book underscores once more the importance of this field of study, this time by placing the focus on the figure of the vampire in Spanish fiction. The analysed corpus of short stories and novels ranges from 1900 to present, with a gap from the post-Civil war until the 60s which she justifies in the introduction. The argument is displayed in what might seem an unusual structure, with text-by-text analysis followed by a comparative perspective on the main themes; two approaches that are not frequently combined and that, as she demonstrates, are in fact complementary. Part I is composed by independent, self-contained chapters dedicated to twenty-six texts arranged in chronological order. Abigail Lee Six explains why each of them is a landmark in the development of Spanish vampire fiction and emphasises the structural or thematic innovations they provide in their use of the vampire character. Canonical Spanish authors (that the reader might not necessarily associate with the fantastic) such as Ramón del Valle-Inclán, Emilia Pardo Ba-


Thin films of Tl‐Ba‐Ca‐Cu‐O with different atomic ratios and a thickness of about 2 μm have been prepared by a sequential thermal evaporation method on alumina substrates followed by a heat treatment in an environment containing O2 and Tl. The results showed that films with a superconducting onset temperature of about 120 K and a zero resistance temperature of 85 K can be obtained with the following Tl:Ca:Ba:Cu ratios: 2:2:2:3 or 2:2:2:4. Films with a superconducting transition onset at 115 K and a zero resistance temperature of 74 K were also obtained by heating Tl‐free multilayer films in the environment containing O2 and Tl. It was also found that this new material was more resistant to water.


We propose an MPIxOpenMP parallelization scheme based on the hierarchical partitioning strategy for the multilevel fast multipole algorithm. The parallelization scheme reduces data duplications via sharing data structures among processing cores. Therefore, this scheme can employ hundreds of cores efficiently without requiring extra memory.


Impression Management is an extremely common phenomenon that we see happening everywhere around us be it our personal or professional life. Hence a lot of importance has been given to this topic by a lot of researchers. Impression management has been studied in various contexts like performance appraisals, recruitment etc., however very little importance has been given to its study in a general organizational setting that happens in a daytoday setting. Very little study has been done even to study the motives behind impression management. In this study I have tried to understand the perceptions of management students about impression management. I have tried to understand why they feel is impression management done, whether or not they agree with it and what are their justifications for approving or not approving impression management. Basically I have tried to link impression management with attribution theory. To gauge their reactions I have given them 5 cases each on one theme of impression management and tried to understand from them their views on the case study. After I collected their views I conducted a thematic analysis to find codes. These codes were reasons why people engage in impression management and the way in which they justify them. This way I developed a model on impression management.


We investigated the gas storage capacity of thermally carbonized and chemically activated Phyllostachys bambusoides (PB), which is a nature-derived green carbon with an organic porous structure. Samples were thermally treated at 900 °C for 24 h, and then were chemically activated with different amounts of KOH. The pore distribution, surface area, and H2 storage capacity were measured by N2 and H2 gas sorption, up to 847 mmHg (1.13 bar) at 77 K. The CO2 storage capacity was measured up to 847 mmHg (1.13 bar) at 298 K. The maximum gas storage was shown in the sample activated with 6 times gravimetric ratio of chemical agent. It reached 1.86 wt% for H2 and 3.44 mmol/g for CO2. We used multilateral analysis methods (XRD, XPS, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscope) to identify the factors influencing gas sorption. We found that the amount of oxygen groups influence the enhancement of gas storage capacity. Moreover, the results showed that PB-based porous activated carbon has the potential to be used as a multirole gas storage material.


Smallholder farmers' perceptions and management practices of maize ear rots, and their implications in breeding for host plant resistance were investigated using a participatory rural appraisal in four maize growing locations in central Zambia: Barlastone, Kalimansenga, Kasaka and Mulabo. Focus group discussions and interviews were held with 90 randomly selected farmers on issues regarding major maize constraints, ear rots, associated mycotoxins, coping mechanisms, and existing cropping systems. Ear rots were identified as a serious disease of maize and ranked the third after maize streak virus and northern corn leaf blight. Of the ear rots, Fusarium ear rot caused by Fusarium verticillioides was most abundant. Too much rainfall and lack of disease-resistant varieties were perceived as the main important factors contributing to the high maize ear rot disease incidence. Less than 7% of the farmers were aware of the mycotoxins, ear rot fungi produce in the infected grain. The main methods of disease management included burning, throwing away, feeding to livestock and at times selling to illicit beer brewers of diseased maize ears and kernels. Though farmers (95%) predominantly grew hybrid maize, they displayed strong preferences for landraces due to their perceived superior disease resistance and other quality traits such as large grain size, taste and white flour. Therefore, it implies that breeding for resistance to ear rot should aim at developing cultivars that are not only ear rot resistant but also possess farmer's preferred traits.


A novel technique to acquire the object multi-spectral image by using the 4-channel spatial modulator is proposed and experimentally demonstrated.The configuration design and manufacture scheme are also presented.We have discussed about the encoding and decoding theories and performed simulation experiment to testify the validty of its applications in multi-specral photography.Our proposed scheme overcomes the shortages of traditional multi-spectral photography,including the system complex,high cost,and low feasibility of the "multi-wavelength multi-channel" method.


It describes the primal problems existing in cost management of construction projects,their solving methods as well as the key link for strengthening the cost control.And it's obtained that strengthening project cost management and control must be put on the most important position in management of enterprise,as it decides the success and defeat of an enterprise.


The article substantiates the need for the use of electronic educational resources in the process of teaching non-linguistic University students a professional foreign language. The purpose of the article is to present all the elements of the electronic textbook on English for law students and to show the effectiveness and feasibility of its use for the development of language competencies. The results obtained in the course of teaching English to law students confirmed the conclusion that the use of electronic educational resources contributes to the quality of training and cognitive interest of students. In addition, e-learning textbooks provide teachers with tools that have unlimited didactic potential to create a comfortable authentic language environment, develop the algorithm of learning activities and build individual learning strategies. Ключевые слова: электронное учебное пособие, активизация учебного процесса, индивидуализация обучения, иноязычные компетенции, развивающие инструменты, эффективная образовательная среда.


On the beginning of 21C, in which it is a facing problem that the expansive image of future in fashion should be proposed from the comprehensive analysis for the fashion trend. Therefore, in this study, the trends of capricious fashion are distinctly quantified by investigating the cue of fashion in each styles. Also, the systematic evaluation is carried out of analyzing photographs to which the four important fashion styles. In particular, this study takes the practical and numerical results through quantitative analysis by statistical treatment as well as through qualitative analysis that has been formerly used in the other studies. The purposes of this study are to examine fashion trends expressed in important styles in the 1990s, and to formulate productive fashion of the future. In the qualitative analysis, the four important fashions of neo-mods/jazz, neo-hippie/grunge, sportive-casual and techos/cyber-punk are grouped. In the quantitative analysis, statistical data are sampled from Collection II of the 1990s A/W. It takes frequency, percentage, -test and etc, by using the comprehensive tools for statistical treatment. There were significant differences between the A/W fashion. According to the cues, there are also significant differences between the fashion in the 1990s. The results of this study are summarized as follows: (1) In 'Neo-Mos/Jazz' style shows highly androgynous look, deep and strong tone, green/blue colors, natural fabric, stripe pattern, long hair style, and hided make-up. (2) 'Neo-hippie/gnenge' style shows highly folklore look, vivid tone purple colors, seethrough/knit fabric, natural /traditional pattern, decorative hair special make-up. (3) 'Sportive casuals' style shows highly sportive look, greish tone, white/grey colours, natural fabric, solid patten, bobbed hair, and natural make-up. (4) 'Techno/cyber punk style shows highly comocorps look, pale tone black colors avangard fabric, solid patten, punk/dyed hair special make-up.


SUMMARY The intention of this article is to present the results of a study realized in the Economic and Social Sciences Faculty (ESCF) of the University of the Zulia (LUZ) which target was to analyze the use of the Information Technologies (IT's) in the knowledge inheritance process in communities of higher education. The methodology of investigation used in this study relied on a questionnaire applied to a sample of 63 teachers. The results revealed the opinion of the teachers about the incorporation of the IT's in the processes of knowledge publication (teaching and investigation); remaining demonstrated the real and potential advantages of IT's incorporation in the knowledge inheritance process, reason for which this article


Neutral conductor current may exceed accepted value by several times in the modernized low voltage three-phase four-wire electrical network. In the article the nonlinear and unbalanced load in the low voltage three-phase four-wire electrical network was carried out. Firstly, value of total harmonic distortion for current and voltage, harmonic spectrum, unbalance factor for phase currents were found. It was revealed that nonlinear and unbalanced load is a basic factor of neutral conductor current. Secondly, dependency graphs of neutral conductor current in terms of THDi and in terms of unbalance factor were received. The low voltage three-phase four-wire electrical network with nonlinear and unbalanced load was modeled in Matlab/Simulink. Finally, we got the dependency graph unbalance factor in terms of harmonic distortion.


Within the framework of SUSTRAIL, Network Rail will be hosting a dissemination event on 15 April 2015 in its Milton Keynes facilities. More specifically intended to disseminate the results of the…


: This study examines the relationship between the level of debt and different firm characteristics (non-debt tax shield, financial distress cost, investment and cash flow) using a target adjustment model. The results for a sample of companies from five countries (France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the UK) during the period 1998-2008 reveal, in general terms, that debt has an inverse relationship to non-debt tax shields and cash flow, and a direct relationship with investment in fixed assets. Furthermore, the inverse relationship between cash flow and debt diminishes when the level of asymmetric information is less important. The relationship between financial distress cost and debt level is not clear and varies across countries as well. Finally, our results support the relevance of institutional differences across countries to explain the level of leverage. In particular, the singularity of the UK (a market-oriented country) as opposed to France, Germany, Italy and Spain (bank-oriented countries).


The Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity has been exploring Noachian-aged rocks on the rim of Endeavour crater. This exploration began on the Cape York rim segment [1, 2] and has, from Sol 3393 of Opportunity's mission to the present time, been over the rim segment known as Solander Point (Fig. 1). The visible and near infrared (VNIR) multispectral capability of the rover's Pancam has been an important tool for use in selecting targets for in situ investigation and in it's own right for characterizing the VNIR reflectance of rock surfaces [3, 4]. Among the rock targets encountered on the Murray Ridge portion of Solander Point were a set of outcrops that had the outward appearance of other occurrences of the Shoemaker formation impact breccia [1], but which had a distinct reflectance character. Also, the by chance overturning of the rocks Pinnacle and Stuart Island revealed light-toned subsurface materials which were likely formed by subsurface aqueous alteration. Multispectral VNIR Evidence of Alteration Processes on Solander Point, Endeavour Crater, Mars W.H. Farrand1, J.F. Bell2, J.R. Johnson3, and D. W. Mittlefehldt4 1. Space Science Institute, Boulder, CO; email@example.com 2. Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 3. Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Lab, Laurel, MD 4. NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX


In this study, we estimated the influence of electrical pole by FEM(Finite Element Method) and developed protective system by designing and interpreting protective system for electrical pole and overhead optical communication line when abnormal strength worked on messenger wire. Protective system did not shed messenger wire under wind pressure and discontent load but did assign a part to preventing rupture of electrical pole and disconnection of optical communication line through automatically shed messenger wire over fixed strength. Structure of protective system analysis by FEM and prove property by measuring tensile strength for practical product.


Objective
To investigate the dynamic changes in peripheral blood of patients with acute pancreatitis α-MSH, TNF-α, PCTS and the value of the patient assessment of disease severity.

Methods
Emergency surgery in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from March 2011 to March 2014 were treated 68 cases of acute pancreatitis patients, 36 patients with mild, 32 cases of severe group. All patients were extracted 1, 3, 5, 7 days after admission blood, and α-MSH was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the content of TNF-αand PCT.

Results
Compared with the mild group, the serum of patients with severe group of α-MSH concentrations were lower (P <0.05) , while serum TNF-α and PCT levels higher than the mild group (P <0.05) ; in disease severity assessment, α-MSH sensitivity of 82.35% and a specificity of 88.24%, the accuracy was 87.5%, TNF-α sensitivity of 76.47% and a specificity of 82.35%, the accuracy was 81.25%, PCT sensitivity of 70.59% and a specificity of 76.47%, 75.00% accuracy, PCT + TNF-α+ α-MSH sensitivity of 88.24% and a specificity of 94.12%, 93.75% accuracy; area under the PCT, TNF-α, α-MSH and the combination of the three curves 0.690, 0.696, 0.768 and 0.885, respectively.

Conclusions
Serum α-MSH, monitoring TNF-α, PCT levels have some clinical value in patients with acute pancreatitis disease severity assessment, including α-MSH in the condition assessment of the sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value were higher than the latter two, and peripheral α-MSH in patients with a low level indicates a serious condition, poor prognosis; addition, combined detection with higher clinical value in the assessment of disease severity.

Key words:
α-MSH; TNF-α; PCT; Acute pancreatitis


Digital images of the soybean and three species of weeds with different backgrounds were
acquired for image processing. An adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) from MATLAB®
6.1 was used to obtain a preliminary separation of plant and background. To train the fuzzy inference
system (FIS), red-green-blue (RGB) values were first converted to HSV color space (hue, saturation,
value), and samples from plant and background were visually selected from the images to be used
as inputs. These were then mapped to a binary output that indicated the presence or absence of
plant. Subtractive clustering was used to generate the FIS with a total of 100 epochs. Three clusters,
and therefore three rules, were found by the ANFIS. This resulted in a total of 9 membership
functions. Source code for a genetic algorithm was written using the toolbox of MATLAB® 6.1 to
adjust the membership functions to reduce misclassification and improve segmentation. The
membership function parameters were used to generate chromosome genes. The initial population
of 50 chromosomes was generated using 30% noise perturbation of the membership functions
originally given by ANFIS. A final segmentation of background and plant was achieved after 10
generations. Between evaluations crossover and mutations were applied. The results showed that
the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system and genetic algorithm segmentation system was capable
of eliminating areas that were misclassified as plant and also generally the final segmentation.


L‐dopa is the most effective treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD). Although L‐dopa improves PD symptoms in the initial stages of the disease, its long‐term use causes disabling side effects (dyskinesias) consisting of abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs). Recent studies point to endocannabinoid system as an important modulator of dopamine transmission in the basal ganglia and activation of cannabinoid receptors is emerging as a promising therapy to alleviate L‐dopa‐induced dyskinesias.


F/Sb-codoped SnO2 nanoparticles were synthesized via sonochemical process using stannic chloride pentahydrate (SnCl4·5H2O) as host precursor while antimony(III) chloride (SbCl3) and ammonium fluoride (NH4F) were chosen as Sb and F dopant precursors, respectively. Their physical properties and morphologies were investigated using X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscope while their electrical and optical properties were investigated by Hall measurement and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. As-synthesized powder of polycrystalline phase SnO2 nanoparticles can be obtained by one-step sonochemical process and its crystallinity can be improved by calcination process. The formation of crystalline phase of SnO2 is assisted by cavitation effect provided by intense ultrasonic radiation via rapid collision. The characterization results disclose that Sb dopant has strong influence on both physical and electrical properties while F dopant provide considerable effect on electrical property of the samples. It is noticed that the codoping of both elements with certain contents can significantly heighten its electrical conductivity.