25 Modeling and simulation of a network interface handling two priority levels. We propose a scheme called Double Queue Scheme to reduce the eeects of local jobs' communication on the performance of parallel jobs. It divides the only one input and output queues in traditional network interfaces into two ones. One is for the communication of parallel jobs, and the other is for the communication of local jobs. Two queues are given diierent priorities to adjust the allocation of communication bandwidth among them. By giving the parallel jobs' queue a higher priority, through simulation, we nd that the scheme will improve the performance of parallel jobs considerablely with a slight eeect on local jobs communication especially when the sizes of local jobs' communication is small and moderate. How to schedule parallel jobs and local jobs is another issue that will aaect the performance of both jobs. We have proposed a power preservation approach 6] to schedule the jobs in a NOW. But the communication overhead is not considered there. Currently, we are integrating them and evaluating the performance when both processors and networks are taken into account. Acknowledgement: We are grateful to the anonymous referees for their rigorous and constructive comments. 24 queue scheme in the message lter under the same condition as 2), and T 3 was measured. Again, the curves of T 2 =T 1 in the environment without using the double queue scheme and T 3 =T 1 using the double queue scheme are plotted in Figure 10 to observe the slowdowns of both the testing streams (streams A and B) and the local stream when the message size of the local stream increased from 2 Kbytes to 16 Kbytes. (b) stream B T2/T1(stream B) T3/T1(local stream) T2/T1(local stream) T3/T1(stream B) Figure 10: Experiments with the one-to-all and all-to-one combinations. Figure 10(a) and (b) show that the message transmission times of both testing streams A and B were delayed up to 45 times and 30 times, respectively, when message types are not distinguished. The local stream itself were delayed by streams A and B up to 7 and 12 times, respectively. The double queue scheme in the message lter reduced the delay for stream A to 6 times (about 8 times reduction), and for stream B to 9 times (3 times reduction). The message lter is more eeective in reducing the message transmission delay on a small …


With China's UHV network rapid development, three synchronizing national inter-connected grid: North China, East China and Central China have been established. The tie-line control utilizing automatic generation control (AGC) is becoming more complicated. With the alternation in power flow, the control mode for active power, the boundaries for each independent control area and the scope of the controlled generators are all affected. In order to adapt these changes, AGC system needs to reset the control parameters and optimize the control strategies. Real time operation and area control experiments are solutions for control strategy verification. This paper proposed an experimentation approach for AGC system control strategy verifications based on tie-line step disturbances. This approach has been successfully implemented on an independent control area for a provincial power grid, and the results have been used for AGC parameters and control strategies optimization.


Three new triterpenoid saponins (1–3), along with nine known saponins, were isolated from the roots of Saponaria officinalis L. Two of them: vaccaroside D (4) and dianchinenoside B (5) are known, but not previously reported for S. officinalis, and seven others: saponarioside C (6), D (7), F (8), G (9), I (10), K (11), and L (12) have been previously isolated from this plant. The structures of the new saponins were established as 3-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-16α-hydroxygypsogenic acid-28-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)]-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), 3-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-16α-hydroxygypsogenic acid-28-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)]-[α-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→6)-α-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)]-β-D-glucopyranoside (2) and 3-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-gypsogenic acid-28-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)]-[6-O-(3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)]-β-D-glucopyranoside (3). Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods, including 1D- (1H, 13C) and 2D-NMR (D QF-COSY, TOCSY, ROESY, HSQC and HMBC) experiments, as well as high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS), ESI-MS/MS and acid hydrolysis.


Toned voice study is gaining importance due to advancement in the music industry. The breaking down of toned voice and its backtracking is similar to carrying images from the source domain to the target domain while preserving its content representation. For our case, the mixed voice prints were transformed into their constituent component. The drawback of U-Net convolutional architecture is that the learning rate may come down in the middle layers for deeper models, so there is some risk if the network learning is ignored in some cases where the abstract features are represented in those layers. In this work, we proclaim the methodology CGRUN for the task of singing voice division. It leads to a causal system that is naturally suitable for real-time processing applications. The speech processing application is the segregation of toned voices for voice mixing. Through software evaluation, this experiment confirms the use of CGRUN for toned voice separation. The technical term used for toned voice segregation and its backtracking is Music Information Retrieval (MIR).


On the spring Loskun in the area of Lika (central part of the Republic of Croatia) hydrogeological investigations have been performed with the aim of estimating the water quality and quantity for water-supply. The spring Loskun is a typical karst spring with minimal discharge of about 200 l/s. It is situated in a deep morphological depression along the river Una. Almost the whole catchment area of the spring Loskun is built of karstified carbonate rocks typical for dinaric karst. The initial investigation works have been performed and the applied investigation methods mainly monitor the outflow through one hydrological year and the water quantity by using the chemical and bacteriological analyses ; they also perform the geological and structural-geological observation of the terrain. The preliminary catchment area has been determined with the tracing plan and other methods for more precise setting of water divides. Minimal outflow in the given hydrological conditions has been measured which was evaluated to be relevant because of the relative dry summer. Hydrochemical analysis of the ionic water composition and the basic physical and chemical parameters in dependence on the outflow quantity has been made. The investigation works opened the key questions and set the foundation for more precise elaboration of this important, although not yet investigated enough karst spring.


OBJECTIVE
To assess the effect of malnutrition on the development of giardiasis in Sprague-Dawley rats, using different inoculum sizes of Giardia lamblia cysts.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
An experimental study was conducted between 1995 and 1999 at Centro de Investigación, Alimentación y Desarrollo (Center for Research, Food, and Development), in Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico. The study population consisted of two groups of six to eight experimental units that were fed two different diets and inoculated five different concentrations of Giardia lamblia cysts. Data were collected on excretion of cysts, weight gain, food intake, bowel contents, and macro and microscopic lesions in the intestinal mucosa. Statistical analysis consisted of analysis of variance and residuals.

RESULTS
Animals fed with a diet meeting nutritional requirements required an infecting inoculum of 60 cysts, while malnourished rats required only six cysts to develop mucosal lesions.

CONCLUSIONS
Weight gain monitored during ten days was not a good indicator of Giardia lamblia infection. Infection depended on cyst inoculum size as well as on the nutritional status of the tested animals. The English version of this paper is available at: http://www.insp.mx/salud/index.html.


Currently, a large number of electronic transactions are performed with credit or debit cards at terminals located in merchant stores, such as Point of Sale Devices. The success of this form of payment, however, has an associated cost due to the management and maintenance of the many equipments from different generations and manufacturers. In particular, there is an important cost related to the deployment of new software upgrades for the devices, since in most cases human intervention is required. In this paper we describe a secure solution for this problem, where Point of Sale Devices are able to automatically discover and upload new software updates.


Objective To study the neurons specificity ene alcoholize enzyme, S -100 protein in the neonatal jaundice early expression and its significance. Methods 35 patients were selected from June 2008 to 2010 during march in our department of normal childbirth term newborns jaundice patients for the observation group, 32 cases the same period in my branch of normal childbirth term newborns as control group, were measured and compared between the two groups neonatal serum NSE and S-100 protein content and bilirubin level. Results The observation group serum NSE,S-100 protein content and B/A alues for (97.45±39.36)ng/mL, (0.38±0.16)μg/L, 0.64±0.17,respectively control group ( 45.23±14.87)ng/mL, (0.27±0.09)μg/L, 0.30±0.08, the observation group results significantly higher than control group, difference was statistically significant(P0.05). Conclusions To determine serum NSE and S-100 protein content and understand B/A value can predict the occurrence of neonatal jaundice early brain damage.


Many incorrect expressions of statistical analysis of significant difference between mean values are found in figures and tables in sci-tech publications,including no symbol,incomplete or variation,even wrong in types and location for statistical analysis.Standard expression of statistical analysis is recommended on the basis of examination and evaluation of the problems in significant difference between mean values in figures and tables.


since the 1990s, the industrial design activities of the design promotion center of Taiwan foreign trade association have made great achievements in the macro design policy formulation and micro level communication, and the cooperation between industrial enterprises and industrial design studios and designers. Based on Taiwan's modern industrial manufacturing enterprises and the economic goal of economic structure transformation, these macro design industry development strategies and research work are effective. They have created a new era for Taiwan's industrial design to be in line with international standards and upgrade in an all-round way after the 1990s, and played an important role in shaping the overall industrial brand effect of "Taiwan Design".


The occurrence of Listeria monocytogenes in Brazilian ice cream and in some soft and semi-soft cheeses produced and sold in the State of Paraná, Brazil was evaluated. Ninety samples of cheese and sixty samples of ice creams were analyzed following the guidelines outlined by the official institutes, AOAC and FDA. In the ice cream samples no isolation of Listeria spp. was found. The percentage of these ninety samples of cheeses positive for Listeria spp. was 12.20%. Listeria monocytogenes was detected in six (6.70%) of the same samples. The presence of Listeria innocua was five (5.50%) in the samples analyzed was also observed. According to the results of the work it is possible to presume that there is a potential health risk to the brazilian population, heightened by aging and the increase in immunodepressed. These results indicate the need for the implementation of monitoring of these microorganisms as much by producers as by health inspectors. The results also show that the VIP (visual immunoprecipitation assay) is a viable triage method of contaminated samples for the liberation of products for commercialization, as it is quick, reliable and does not require additional equipment other than that normally found in production labs, while presenting reliable results. *Correspondence:


even show what economic goals the Federalist leaders sought to reach. His studies of Jefferson and Hamilton have led him to exaggerate the importance of those two colorful men, whose prolific writings give a distorted view of the period. Adhering to the common view, Mr. Schachner pictures Hamilton as the Federalist titan and Washington as little more than a figurehead. Actually, Washington was the guiding genius. All the major Federalist policies harmonized with ideas which he had repeatedly expressed. On January 29, 1789, he wrote: &dquo;... my endeavours shall be unremittingly exerted (even at the hazard of former fame or present popularity) to extricate my country from the embarrassments in which it is entangled, through want of credit; and to establish a general system of policy, which if pursued will en-


The use of mercury in mining gold is an illegal but still common practice in developing countries and is the world's largest source of mercury pollution. The mercury released into the environment bioaccumulates in organism tissues due to its chemical properties and can adversely alter wildlife's neurological and reproductive systems. Frogs are susceptible to mercury contamination from gold mining because of their high skin permeability and association with aquatic environments. However, the effect of mercury pollution on direct-developing frogs is poorly known, particularly in tropical highlands. To understand the impact of mercury due to gold mining contamination on biodiversity of Tropical Andes, we assessed the bioaccumulation of mercury on direct-developing frogs of genus Pristimantis in a montane forest. We assessed bioaccumulation by comparing muscle tissue samples of frogs and sediments of streams in an area previously affected by illegal gold mining inside the Farallones de Cali National Park. Even though gold mining has not been conducted in the area for several years, we found mercury in muscle samples of direct-developing species of genus Pristimantis and alarming mercury concentrations in the sediment samples that exceed risk thresholds according international guidelines of the WHO (1.0749 μg.g-1) and countries such as Canada, USA and Brazil (0.35 μg.g-1). Our results suggest that the use of heavy metals in the gold mining can affect non-aquatic species causing bioaccumulation of heavy metals, which can be an important threat to wildlife populations, the stability of the ecosystem, and public health. Keywords: Andean forests, mercury pollution, muscle tissue, streams pollution, sediments, total mercury


We address the problem of correcting the exposure of underexposed photos. Previous methods have tackled this problem from many different perspectives and achieved remarkable progress. However, they usually fail to produce natural-looking results due to the existence of visual artifacts such as color distortion, loss of detail, exposure inconsistency, etc. We find that the main reason why existing methods induce these artifacts is because they break a perceptually similarity between the input and output. Based on this observation, an effective criterion, termed as perceptually bidirectional similarity (PBS) is proposed. Based on this criterion and the Retinex theory, we cast the exposure correction problem as an illumination estimation optimization, where PBS is defined as three constraints for estimating illumination that can generate the desired result with even exposure, vivid color and clear textures. Qualitative and quantitative comparisons, and the user study demonstrate the superiority of our method over the state-of-the-art methods.


platforms ' found in excavation, and the other senses of the Hebrew word. It may be that the cultic platforms described in ch. iii are bamoth but, contrary to Vaughan, the term bamd in the Deuteronomic historiography of Kings signifies a building and not merely a platform (here again adequate demonstration would require considerable space). Despite this it would appear that bdmd is indeed virtually a synonym for ' altar' at Isa. xvi, 13, and Ezek. xvi, 16, as Vaughan maintains—I would add Jer. xlviii, 35. This may have been its original denotation in cultic contexts. The author proceeds to an interesting discussion of the Greek /JOĴ O? as basically a platform and only later an altar. But the word is said to have passed into Greek from ' Phoenician' (p. 22) when the Greeks encountered Semitic cultic platforms (p. 26). How then is the Greek term basically ' not cultic at all ' (p. 34) ? I prefer the view that if flwfios is cognate with bdmd the word is an ancient (pre-Semitic ?) Mediterranean word for' altar ' (all altars are, in a sense, platforms). The chapter concludes with the important observation that the word bamd is frequently used of Moabite cultic installations and that the famous Moabite Stone is the only extraBiblical document where the word is attested in a cultic sense. In ch. iii the excavated ' bamoth' are described. Some are circular (the famous Megiddo altar), some rectangular: some served themselves as altars, some were apparently bases upon which altars were erected. But unless I have misunderstood we are here subjected to a serious petitio principii. What enables us to identify these structures specifically with bdmdt ? Are they not altars (at least the majority, which are not merely bases) ? Could they not have been named by any ancient equivalent or cognate of mizbeah (Ugaritio mdbh/t) ? I cannot find the grounds for the statement ' in certain details they illustrate very clearly the physical characteristics of a bamah ' (p. 40). If their excavators called some of them bamoth it is precisely for this that we seek justification. In the enumeration of ' characteristic features' on p. 45 I find nothing which points to a bamd rather than, say, a mizbeab. These ' bamoth ' range from the chalcolithic period through the Bronze Age to Israelite times yet, it will be recalled, Vaughan proposes that ' bamoth were originally constructed to actualize this mythology ' (p. 25), to wit, Yahweh's theophanic descent on the mountains. In chalcolithic times ?


Background:
Precision oncology programs using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) to detect predictive biomarkers are extending therapeutic options for patients with metastatic breast cancer (mBC). Regularly, based on the recommendations in the interdisciplinary molecular tumor board (iMTB), an inclusion in a clinical trial is not possible. In this case, the German health-insurance system allows for the application of reimbursement for an off-label drug use. Here we describe the current challenges and our experience with reimbursement of molecular therapies in mBC.

Methods:
A total of 100 applications for reimbursement of off-label therapies recommended by an iMTB were filed for patients with mBC, of which 89 were evaluable for this analysis. The approval rate was correlated with the molecular level of evidence of the respective therapy according to the NCT and ESCAT classification as well as with pretreatment therapy lines.

Findings:
Overall, 53.9% (48/89) of reimbursement applications were approved. Applications for therapies based on level of evidence m1 (NCT classification), tier I and II (ESCAT classification) had a significantly and clinically relevant increased chance of reimbursement, while a greater number of previous treatment lines had no significantly increased chance of approval, though a trend of approval towards higher treatment lines was detectable.

Interpretation:
Currently, the German jurisdiction seems to aggravate the clinical implementation of clinically urgently needed molecular therapies.


The accurate detection of QRS wave is an important prerequisite for automated analysis of an ECG signal. For the purpose of improving the detection sensitivity and accuracy of single-lead QRS wave, this paper presents a new algorithm for dual-lead ECG QRS wave fusion detection. After QRS wave location of the original electrocardiogram (ECG) by a single-lead pre-detection, dual-lead decision algorithm determines single-lead or dual-lead fusion detection is employed. Single-lead detection directly uses the first or second lead test results, while fusion examination of dual-lead is decided by dual-lead fusion method and the lead judge rule. This algorithm involves variance, magnitude, RR intervals, template matching and the threshold comparison method and so on. Using the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database to validate the algorithm, the statistics show that an average sensitivity and accuracy are 99.87%, 99.81% respectively, which are higher than single-lead.


The aim of this research was to obtain about vocation students physics problemsolving skills, increasing as the effect of modeling instruction applied in physics learning. The quasi-experiment method was used with the randomized control group pretest-posttest design. The research was conducted on the students in grade X at one of vocation school in Pekanbaru city that was choice with random sampling technique. An experimental class and one controller class selected with 33 students both of them. Experiment class gets modelling instruction treatment, while control class only gets conventional model. Problem solving skills data was collected by using problem-solving skills test instrument in the essay. The result showed that applying modeling instruction in physics learning can increasing physics problem-solving skills than a conventional model with experiment class N-Gain (0,58) is greater than control class N-Gain (0,32). Consequently, it was concluded that applying of modeling instruction in direct current circuit learning is more effective for increasing physics problem-solving skills than conventional models.


The fault-free switching of single-flux-quantum (SFQ) elements was studied by investigating SFQ pulse propagation in a ring Josephson transmission line closed with an SFQ inverter. A lifetime of more than a few hours was obtained that corresponds to at least 10/sup 15/ fault-free switching. The completely DC-powered rapid SFQ (RSFQ) sampler was used to directly measure the repetition rate stability of a Josephson generator loaded by a uniformly shunted transmission line. A stable repetition rate up to 7 GHz was obtained. The authors also report experimental results for two-stage serial and five-stage parallel quasi-digital amplifiers. The precision calculation of the input SFQ pulses is the main idea of these circuits.<<ETX>>


We discuss the properties of bound states in finite-bandwidth waveguide QED beyond the rotating wave approximation or excitation-number-conserving light-matter coupling models. Therefore, we extend the standard calculations to a broader range of light-matter strengths, in particular, in the so-called ultrastrong coupling regime. We do this using the polaron technique. Our main results are as follows: We compute the spontaneous emission rate, which is renormalized as compared with the Fermi golden rule formula. We generalize the existence criteria for bound states, their properties, and their role in the qubit thermalization. We discuss effective spin-spin interactions through both vacuum fluctuations and bound states. Finally, we sketch a perfect state-transfer protocol among distant emitters mediated by bound states.


Objective:To explore the causes and treatment of delayed postoperative infection of larynx carcinoma.Methods: 21 cases were supraglottic carcinoma (5 cases of T 1N OM O,6 cases of T 1N 1M O,4 cases of T 1N 2M O,2 cases of T 2N 0M 0,3 cases of T 2N 1M O,1 case of T 3N 2M O),10 cases were glottic carcinoma(3 cases of T 2N OM O,4 cases of T 3N 0M 0,3 cases of T 3N 1M 0)and 1 case was total laryngectomy from other hospital.All cases were male,31 cases were performed laryngeal reconstruction with sternohyoid myofascial flap,cervical skin flap,etc.18 cases received postoperative radiotherapy.The time of occurring of delayed postoperative infection was within 1~3 months in 13 cases,4~6 months in 16 cases,7~10 months in 3 cases,respectively,the mean time was about 5.6 months.Result:In addition to local incision and drainage,antibiotics were taken in general and local treatment were done.The end of silk sutures was found in 23 cases.All delayed postoperative infections were cured. Conclusion:The end of silk sutures ,insufficient blood supply of laryngeal reconstruction,radiotherapy are attributed to the delayed infection.


Currently there are many professionals serving that still have the academic turned to a predominance of the trend Tecnicista, and these also are present in the training of future professionals of the courses for Physical Education. Thus, the present work with teachers to identify objectives of the courses of Degree in Physical Education of the West of Parana, if there is any influence of motor skills in the teaching-learning process of their discipline in the training of these scholars. The search has descriptive nature, with the population of teachers Institutions of Higher Education of the courses of Degree in Physical Education in the Region west of Parana. The results pointed found that the teachers believe that academic owners of motor skills have greater possibilities of learning in their training and may also become better professionals, pointing still a vision within the trend tecnicista, showing traces of their training these teachers that was characterized as technique. Thus, this training has a character in the training of new professionals for these teachers. Thus we believe that the motor skills to contribute to the formation of these scholars with form and content with not predominant factor to their training, we realize that some of these teachers still have a wrong vision of the future training of these professionals, but this learning is incorporated individually it can not and should not be the factor fundante the teaching-learning process in the academic.


The multi-clustered bracket structure is an architectural form which developed in Korea and the northen region of China. Although the earliest example likely appeared during the Han Dynasty(206 B.C.~220 A.D.), it only existed in a concept at the stage of forming the technique. Its practice from the concept to an actual building was likely executed during the Tang Dynasty(618~907) and such practice was completely established during the Northern Sung(960~1127), Liao(916~1125) and Jin Dynasties(1115~1234). There remain examples of which concept was applied to a building during the Baekje and the Unified Silla periods followed by the complete multi-clustered bracket during the Goryeo Dynasty. Built in the 14th century, the only example of the multiclustered bracket structure during the Goryeo Dynasty is seen in Bogwang-jeon of Shimwon-sa in Yeontan. However, different from the earlier assertion which argues that the multiclustered bracket structure was introduced during the late Goryeo period, additional examples to prove that the multi-clustered bracket structure had existed before the middle of Goryeo period have appeared: 1. the baldacchine of Geungnak in Bongjeongsa, which was built around the 12th century when Yingzao fashi or 營告法式 or Treatise on Architectural methods in the Northern Song was published; 2. the Gwangyeong byeonsangdo(Transformation painting of the Contemplation S?tra) painted after the middle of the Goryeo Dynasty; 3. Ten-storied stone pagoda of Gyeongcheon-sa temple site in Gaepung, Hwanghae-do; 4. the baldacchine in the lower Daeung-jeon of Janggok in Cheongyang. Details of the multi-clustered bracket structure, such as jumps of protruding brackets and the shapes of pseudo-昻, in the late Goryeo Dynasty became different from those of the Yuan Dynasty in China. In addition, a compromised example between oncolumn and multi-clustered bracke structures displays the developed stage of the multiclustered bracket technique and such examples generate an assumption that the form of the multi-clustered bracket structure got established in Buddhist buildings. Furthermore, the multi-clustered bracket structure became more practiced form than on-column bracket structure during the Goryeo Dynasty, replacing the latter. In other words, the multi-clustered bracket structure in Korea appeared earlier than the mid-Goryeo Dynasty and was established as a dominant and imporant form for an wooden building during the late Goryeo Dynasty.


We find some properties of the pro-torsion products. Under the suitable conditions, we also show that the map is an isomorphism and the n-th homotopy group of X is isomorphic to the n-th homology group.


Disclosed are colon-specific delayed-release pharmaceutical compositions comprising :a) a matrix wherein micronised menthol with a particle-sized distribution ranging between 100nm and 1200mium is dispersed; b) a gastro-resistant or acide-reistant pH-independent coating with a lag time of matrix a).


Various abnormalities have been demonstrated in schizophrenic patients in response to injected insulin. Thomas et al. (22), Harris (8), Freeman et al. (7), Mayer-Gross (10), and Braceland et al. (4) have shown a delayed or decreased response of blood glucose to insulin in schizophrenic patients. Meduna and McCulloch (11) observed that those schizophrenic patients who suffered from confusion and clouding of the sensorium particularly displayed a delayed or decreased response to injected insulin as well as a urinary hyperglycaemic factor and decreased tolerance to oral and intravenous glucose. Subsequent studies by Mueller (12, 13) demonstrated a rise or lack of fall in the plasma free fatty acids (FFA) following the administration of insulin intramuscularly or intravenously in chronic schizophrenic patients. Van Sickle et al. (23) confirmed these findings of insulin resistance in chronic schizophrenia and noted that this low FFA response was neither related to an abnormal release of, nor response to, epinephrine.


In this paper, a dynamic programming (DP) framework for the implementation of track-before-detect (TBD) in multisensor systems is presented. The proposed framework is composed of a pre-processing procedure and a DP-TBD processor. A novel form of equivalent measurements is employed in pre-processing stage which effectively fuses measurements from different sensors, leading to the reduction of computational cost. Numerical examples demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can take advantage of the information from multiple sensors and therefore obtain better performance.


Current development in smart materials has improved the conventional composite materials in the ability of self-monitor during service. The massless sensor of micro-electro-mechanical system makes the work successful to embed the sensor into the composite material without changing the original system. For an ideal on-line identification, the measured values of sensors are obtained during service not from experiment. Due to this important reason, the study of the crack identification by using the static deformation as the input is gradually an interested research which will be different from the conventional non-destructive techniques such as, ultrasonics, magnetic flux leakage, X-rays, penetrant, eddy current, etc. To achieve the on-line identification, the artificial neural network is considered instead of the usual nonlinear optimization technique. An artificial neural network is a parallel, distributed information processing structure consisting of processing elements interconnected with weights. In this paper, a most popular learning scheme called the back-propagation neural network (BPN) will be applied for implementing the crack identification. A typical architecture of BPN contains three basic layers input, output and hidden layers. According to Kolmogorov's mapping theorem, any continuous function could be mapped exactly by a three-layer feedforward neural networks. The input pattern is propagated forward, and the calculated responses are obtained. The errors between the desired outputs and the calculated outputs then propagate backward through the network, providing vital information for weight adaptation. It is known that the crack effects are localized which may not be clearly reflected


Aims: The study was conducted to assess the synergistic poly-herbal formulation for diabetic patients to determine its three characteristics reducing excessive sugar level to normal, immune-potentiating and antioxidant. Study Design: Subjects were divided into four groups, Group I(NH), were normal healthy subjects, Group II(DI), were diabetics, group III (TTD) were tolbutamide treated diabetic patients, group IV(HFTD), were diabetic patients receiving combination herbal formulation in the, dosage of 5 g. /day for 4 weeks. Place of Study: Diabetic patients were contacted and convinced from two Government Hospitals-Hamidia Hospital, Bhopal and K. N. Katju hospital, Bhopal, (M.P.), India. Methodology: homogenous mixtures were obtained and encapsulated 500mg/per capsule. PMNL were isolated from blood and glucose level tests performed by autoanalyzer. Immunepotentiating activity was evaluated by different following methods like Research Article European Journal of Medicinal Plants, 3(2): 218-232, 2013 219 a ATPase sensitivity tests, cellular water content, cell, plasma membrane calcium content, Camp activity, Phaspholipase-C activity, contact angle measurement, NBT assay. Antioxidant activity evaluates by SOD and glutathione peroxidase methods. Results: Encouraging results prompt that, herbal formulation, which could be proved on excellent sugar level regulator. For efficient phagocytosis by PMNL such as membrane potential, cellular water content, calcium homeostatic, calcium messenger system, contact angle i.e. hydrophobicity measurement and finally particle internalization and Phagocytic index. result were exciting with herbal formulation since it was found to effective in correction of cell parameters related to phagocytosis and remarkable recovery in antioxidant enzymes in diabetic patients. Conclusion: In summary, the results obtained in the present investigation demonstrated\ that the present formulation beneficial in management of diabetic complication.


The limiting performance characteristics of con-focal chromatic aberration displacement sensors are angular tolerance and the gauge range over which an output is provided. The sensor selected in this study is used to measure groove profiles in early recorded surfaces. The sensor is used in a 3 dimensional cylinder scanning system for the measurement of wax cylinder recordings, where the 3 dimensional data is used to create a map of the measured surface for archival purposes. The generation of the map allows the sound recorded on the surface to be decoded without physical contact to the surface. It has been shown in a previous study that data resolution of 10-20nm are required for this application, and that the relationship between the data output and the surface incline is critical to system performance. To understand the relationship with surface slope the sensor is used here in a study of the measurement of calibration ball surfaces, and follows a previous study on machined grooves with known angular properties. In this study a range of calibration spherical surfaces are used to investigate the relationship between the sensor output and measurement parameters, including the distance between the sensor optical head and the surface. A linear least squares method is used to evaluate the 3D radius of the measured surfaces, and this is used as a parameter to evaluate the systematic errors. The results show that there is a low level of systematic form error typically below 1&mgr;m, but that this error has a significant impact on the evaluation of the radius. Recommendations are made on methods for optimisation of sensor performance.


The associative replica Ornstein-Zernike equations, supplemented by the associative hypernetted chain approximation are used to describe the Smith-Nezbeda model for an associating fluid adsorbed in a disordered hard sphere matrix. These equations have been developed by combining the replica Ornstein-Zernike equations with the Wertheim theory of association in fluids. The pair distribution functions and fraction of unbonded species are calculated. Also investigated is the influence of the association on the equation of state and the chemical potential of the absorbed fluid.


The existing variation in the use of the infinitive + pronoun (amarle/amalle) in Golden Age Spanish is a phenomena that is noted much more than it is dealt with by scholars. It is true that in all the historical manuals about Spanish the mentioned variation is noted but, generally speaking, the description goes no farther than a mere citation, or, at best, gives a few dispersed notes about it. Bearing this in mind, in this article we seek to develop an analysis of the use of the two variant forms of infinitive + pronoun—with and without the palatalization—in a group of colonial documents from the western part of what makes up Bolivia today. Our purpose it to describe not only the chronology of its use in the area, but, more importantly, to set forth the criteria that can determine the appearance of one possibility or the other.


This paper makes analysis on the distribution of highly cited papers and the distribution of highly cited authors of University Library Journal(1983-2007)respectively,and reveals the present situation of the research on University Library Journal.


Objective Exploring the patterns of syndrome differenation of HFMD on stage on the basis of the clinical study retrospectively.Methods Summering the major and the minor part of the mechanism of three periods of HFMD,by exploring the data of 2024 cases defined as HFMD,governing the clinical features,symptoms and the frequency of them in terms of the period of pre-pimples,pimples and afterwards,touching the main syndromes and the syndromes involved and clustering the analysis of the factors of the diseases.Results The pre-pimples period highlighted fever(70.30%),boil in mouth and throat(84.49%),fatigue(43.89%),coughing(32.01%),anorexia(30.69%).The pimples focused on fever(90.01%),fatigue(51.08%),mouth and throat pain(72.77%),anorexia(80.78%),pimples(98.52%)and herps(88.48%),followed by limb shaking(20.36%),startle(24.51%),coughing(31.66%),vomiting(9.54%),constipation(8.55%).Most cases in the period of the afterwards were incomplete for leaving hospital.And few of them show obvious evidence for anything uncomfortable.syndrome factor analysis discovered that Shi-Re(47.33%,43.84%)was the main factor in the pre-pimples and the pimples,followed by Zheng-Qi difficency(13.68%,7.51%),Qi in chaos(9.98%,13.93%),Feng from the inside(7.32%).The Wen Evil invading the surface of the body was the main body of the mechanism,the minor part was Zheng-Qi difficency.The mjor of the afterwards roled as burning fire inside and Gan-Pi system in dysfunction.,the minor one was the consumption of the Qi.As no frequency of the statistics involved in the afterwards,the mechanism assumed to be performed as Qi-Yin difficiency.Conclusion Syndrorne differentiation in stage was better than other TCM models to touch the complete process of HFMD and clinical feature in terms of time-space.Therefore,the agreement between Syndrorne Differentiation in Stage and the standard of the diagnosis and the treatment could be attached.


Morphology Ackerman (1955) described the megakaryocyte morphologically as a giant cell which may reach over 80 microns in diameter, that possesses an irregular cytoplasm contour, a large lobulated nucleus with coarse chromatin and a thin nuclear membrane. The cytoplasm is packed with small granules and mitochondria, giving a "ground-glass" appearance. (See Figures 1 3) Miale (1972) stated that occasionally in pathologic conditions, the nucleus may be segmented or polynuclear. There may be zero to many nucleoi present but these are usually not visible due to superimposed nuclei. Diggs, et. al., (1970) described the morphology of the maturation sequence of the megakaryocyte as follows: Megakaryoblast the cytoplasm is smooth and light blue. There may be blunt pseudopods and foamy marginal cytoplasm structures. The chromatin strands are less linear and have a more granular appearance than in other early cells.


Simple Summary An understanding of Paenibacillus larvae, the etiological agent of American foulbrood disease, species diversity is crucial for disease epidemiology investigations. Our data indicate that the protein fingerprinting-based MALDI-TOF method provides a much more thorough insight into P. larvae diversity compared to the DNA fingerprinting methods used at present. Abstract In recent decades, the significant deterioration of the health status of honey bees has been observed throughout the world. One of the most severe factors affecting the health of bee colonies worldwide is American foulbrood disease. This devastating disease, with no known cure, is caused by the Gram-positive spore-forming bacteria of Paenibacillus larvae species. At present, DNA-based methods are being used for P. larvae identification and typing. In our study, we compare two of the most advanced DNA-based technologies (rep-PCR and 16S rRNA analyses) with MALDI-TOF MS fingerprinting to evaluate P. larvae variability in Central Europe. While 16S rRNA analysis presents a very limited variation among the strains, MALDI-TOF MS is observed to be more efficient at differentiating P. larvae. Remarkably, no clear correlation is observed between whole-genome rep-PCR fingerprinting and MALDI-TOF MS-based typing. Our data indicate that MALDI-TOF protein profiling provides accurate and cost-effective methods for the rapid identification of P. larvae strains and provides novel perspectives on strain diversity compared to conventional DNA-based genotyping approaches. The current study provides a good foundation for future studies.


When a Beam is subjected to a static transverse load acting through its flexural centre, the resulting deflection may be considered as the combined effect of the deflection due to bending stresses and the deflection due to shear stresses. In a majority of cases, where the span of the beam is large, or where the shear stiffness is large compared with the bending stiffness, the bending component only need be considered. However, for a short beam, the shear deflection can account for a substantial part of the total deflection. This is especially so in the case of a deep I section beam with a thin web, where the bending stiffness is large compared with the shear stiffness.


Ni based metallic ceramic coating reinforced by in situ synthesized TiC and TiB2 particles was prepared on the surface of TC4 alloy by means of laser cladding technique with the pre-alloyed powder of NiCrBSiC as the binding material. The microhardness of the coating was measured. The dry sliding friction and wear properties of the coating against YG8B hard alloy were evaluated using a pin-on-disc friction and wear machine. The results show that the microhardness Hv of the coating is 900-1 000, and the friction coefficient is 0. 2-0. 3. The mass loss rate of the coating is less than about a magnitude of that of the TC4 alloy.


Heat transfer is very important for military vehicle,and especially for an electric drive tracked vehicle.Three closed recycling waterways were designed for the cooling system of an electric-drive tracked vehicle.Based on common points of components in waterways,a heat capacity and thermal resistance model was built for dynamic heat transfer in these components.According to the heat capacity and thermal resistance model,three waterways were simplified,so that a state space model was built for dynamic heat transfer in the cooling system.Experimental study was analyzed for dynamic heat transfer in an actual cooling system.The conclusion is that heat coupling relationship among cooling system components in the electric drive tracked vehicle can be analyzed roundly and visually by that state space model,and that the state space model can be used to find the heat transfer principle of cooling system components,as well as to diagnose fault and improve the design of cooling system.


The advantages of the crush-dressing has been already highly evaluated, but the example of it's adoption on the cylindrical grinding machine for common use has been little seen.In this report, the authors made the nomogram which enables to select the best condition in crush-dressing on the cylindrical grinding machine, for common use, for the rigidity of machine, grinding wheel, grinding width, and so on, by which the operator can understand easily such a condition. At the same time the native crushing pressure, which is the basis of crush-dressing, of evey grinding wheel is researched fully, and the crush-dressing mechanism is also surveied. It was proved in these studies that there are in the crush-dressing the following three domains ; the initial crushing, normal crushing, crushing-out.The result of the above mentioned studies led to know how to reduce the wears of roll and grinding wheel and, furthermore, to know that there is really the limit in grinding by means of crushdressing.These studies were performed with the expect that their results should put the crush-dressing to the practical use.


The recirculating electron accelerator S-DALINAC with its superconducting cavities provides a continuous wave (cw) beam up to 130 MeV for a wide range of nuclear and radiation physics experiments and works as a driver for the Darmstadt Free-Electron-Laser. During one decade of operation experience has been gained concerning cavity parameters, beam dynamics and diagnostics. For improvement of the online diagnostics wide band rf monitors were developed measuring the electron beam intensity with a resolution of 10 nA and the location with a resolution of 0.1 mm @ 1 µA and are in use very successfully. Studies of the transverse phasespace were performed using optical transition radiation and tomographic techniques. A setup for electron bunch length measurements using electrooptical sampling of the electric fields in a ZnTe cristal with a Ti:Sa laser has been developed and tested. Longitudinal and transverse beam dynamics calculations led to an optimisation of the acceptance and stability of the S-DALINAC beam transport system by converting the recirculating system from isochronous to nonisochronous operation. A 2 K testcryostat was commissioned to perform systematic measurements on the influence of different treatments on the Q value of the superconducting cavities.


The biological role of kisspeptin in the reproduction of swine has been far less studied than in other species. In the porcine hypothalamus, kisspeptin is coexpressed with neurokinin B and dynorphin in KNDy neurons. Although kisspeptin-stimulated secretion of gonadotropin hormones in gilts was established early, increased expression of hypothalamic KISS1 was only recently confirmed to be associated with puberty and cyclicity in pigs. Gene knockout (KO) models to study kisspeptin in livestock did not exist until TALEN gene editing technology was used to knockout KISS1R in pigs, resulting in a hypogonadotropic-hypogonadal (HH) phenotype that caused pubertal failure. Little is known about the reproductive physiology of KISS1R KO pigs, except that exogenous follicle-stimulating hormone and gonadotropin-releasing hormone only partially restored gonadal development in boars. To further explore the biological function of kisspeptin and its receptor in swine, we recently used CRISPR/cas9-ribonucleoproteins to knockout KISS1 in pigs (10.3389/fgene.2022.1078991). A total of 684 zygotes were injected resulting in 69 piglets with 58% bearing KISS1 KO alleles (KISS1-/-). The proportion of KISS1-/- alleles did not affect BW or ADG in these mosaic founder pigs. Two boars and 2 gilts with complete KISS1 KO exhibited HH and failed to become pubertal. Germ and Sertoli cells were disorganized in small seminiferous tubules. Mating mosaic F0 pigs (frequency of KISS1-/-, 35 to 88%) resulted in 170 F1 piglets with KISS1-/- alleles observed in a Mendelian frequency. These KISS1-/- pigs displayed normal BW growth during development but were also HH. Ovarian development of KISS1-/- gilts was arrested at a juvenile state, although antral follicles were present. The KISS1-/- boars lacked testicular development and had dramatically reduced concentrations of androgens and skatole, suggesting the lack of boar taint in their meat. Importantly, KISS1 and KISS1R are expressed in ovarian, uterine and testicular tissue; however, the direct role of kisspeptin in these reproductive organs remains unknown in livestock. These KISS1-/- pigs provide a unique animal model that opens new avenues for understanding the role of kisspeptin and gonadotropin hormones in regulation of reproductive development and function in pigs as well as livestock in general. These animals facilitate our ability to explore questions such as: 1) how KNDy neurons function and control gonadotropin pulses or 2) what role does KISS1 play in the development and function of the ovary, uterus and testis in domestic animals. Some of these questions have heretofore only been addressable with difficult surgical modifications, and therefore, KISS1-/- pigs represent an alternative to painful procedures in livestock research. Pursuing these fundamental studies is expected to lead to methods that restore fertility in KISS1-/- pigs. This, in turn, could provide new possibilities for the elimination of surgical castration from pork production. The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.


Machine Learning (ML) methods have demonstrated exceptional performance in recent years when applied to the task of seismic event detection. With numerous ML techniques now available for detecting seismicity, applying these methods in practice can help further highlight their advantages over more traditional approaches. Constructing such workflows also enables benchmarking comparisons of the latest algorithms on practical data. We combine the latest methods in seismic event detection to analyse an 18-day period of aftershock seismicity for the $M_{w}$ 6.4 2019 Durr\"es earthquake in Albania. We test two phase association-based event detection methods, the EarthQuake Transformer (EQT; Mousavi et al., 2020) end-to-end seismic detection workflow, and the PhaseNet (Zhu&Beroza, 2019) picker with the Hyperbolic Event eXtractor (Woollam et al., 2020) associator. Both ML approaches are benchmarked against a data set compiled by two independently operating seismic experts who processed a subset of events of this 18-day period. In total, PhaseNet&HEX identifies 3,551 events, and EQT detects 1,110 events with the larger catalog (PhaseNet&HEX) achieving a magnitude of completeness of ~1. By relocating the derived catalogs with the same minimum 1D velocity model, we calculate statistics on the resulting hypocentral locations and phase picks. We find that the ML-methods yield results consistent with manual pickers, with bias that is no larger than that between different pickers. The achieved fit after relocation is comparable to that of the manual picks but the increased number of picks per event for the ML pickers, especially PhaseNet, yields smaller hypocentral errors. The number of associated events per hour increases for seismically quiet times of the day, and the smallest magnitude events are detected throughout these periods, which we interpret to be indicative of true event associations.


Abstract As Australia and other countries seek to establish biotechnology industries, it is timely to review successes and failures in this field. One of the most notable stories is the development of penicillin, as a wartime project, to which Australians made major contributions. Australians during and immediately after the war contributed much to the scientific identification and purification of penicillin, and to the industrial scaling up in its production at the Commonwealth Serum Laboratories in Melbourne. This was a classic instance of war accelerating innovations in public administration. Yet the nascent antibiotic industry was never allowed to gain international competitiveness, and was allowed to run down and eventually disappeared by the end of the 1970s. This article is concerned to tease out the puzzle posed by this contrast in aspirations, between the highest levels of scientific and technical achievement in bringing penicillin into widespread use (Australia being the first country in the world to provide penicillin to the civilian population in 1944) and shockingly poor performance in sustaining and developing a national antibiotics industry. As the stirrings of a biotechnology industry may be observed in the first decade of the twenty‐first century, it would be unfortunate to ignore the lessons of this earlier experience at the birth of the biotechnology era.


Background: Regulation of cell surface expression and signaling activity of the calcium-sensing receptor plays an important role in human diseases. Results: A PEST-like degradation motif participates in routing of the receptor to the lysosomal pathway. Conclusion: This degradation motif regulates cell surface receptor abundance. Significance: This might be a novel mechanism that connects lysosomal degradation and regulation of cell surface receptor expression. A deletion between amino acid residues Ser895 and Val1075 in the carboxyl terminus of the human calcium receptor (hCaR), which causes autosomal dominant hypocalcemia, showed enhanced signaling activity and increased cell surface expression in HEK293 cells (Lienhardt, A., Garabédian, M. G., Bai, M., Sinding, C., Zhang, Z., Lagarde, J. P., Boulesteix, J., Rigaud, M., Brown, E. M., and Kottler, M. L. (2000) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 85, 1695–1702). To identify the underlying mechanism(s) for these increases, we investigated the effects of carboxyl tail truncation and deletion in hCaR mutants using a combination of biochemical and cell imaging approaches to define motifs that participate in regulating cell surface numbers of this G protein-coupled receptor. Our data indicate a rapid constitutive receptor internalization of the cell surface hCaR, accumulating in early (Rab7 positive) and late endosomal (LAMP1 positive) sorting compartments, before targeting to lysosomes for degradation. Recycling of hCaR back to the cell surface was also evident. Truncation and deletion mapping defined a 51-amino acid sequence between residues 920 and 970 that is required for targeting to lysosomes and degradation but not for internalization or recycling of the receptor. No singular sequence motif was identified, instead the required sequence elements seem to distribute throughout this entire interval. This interval includes a high proportion of acidic and hydroxylated amino acid residues, suggesting a similarity to PEST-like degradation motif (PESTfind score of +10) and several glutamine repeats. The results define a novel large PEST-like sequence that participates in the sorting of internalized hCaR routed to the lysosomal/degradation pathway that regulates cell surface receptor numbers.


This study uses DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) to calculate the comparative efficiency of SOC (Social Overhead Capital) improvement program in regional development policy. Generally, regional development policy is charged of a large proportion of supply on public investment capitals. Data envelopment analysis is widely used to evaluate how efficiently regional development policy supply the social overhead capital for the regional economics. In this study, the efficiency of social overhead capital is calculated by the linear function of input and output factors. Especially, this study used time series data for input factors from annual reports of social overhead capital. In this study, the existing mathematical analysis methods which are DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis), PFP (Partial Factor Productivity), TFP (Total Factor Productivity), are reviewed and DEA is selected to calculate the efficiency for SOC. Among the regional social overhead capital, trade ports are selected and reviewed for regional development policy, because trade ports are major factor on the SOC of regional development policy. Also, an analysis of slack variables is accomplished as a one of linear program method. The results of this study suggested the input and output factors of slack variable needs to be adjusted to the efficiency between regional development policy and suggested to the investment program for social overhead capital.


Neurodegeneration is a condition present in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) in which the cells of the nervous system experience loss of function and death. Around the world, each year PD and AD affect 6.2 million and 29.8 million people, respectively, with the exact causes remaining unknown. Manganese (Mn) is a transition metal which is essential for human survival in trace concentrations. However, overexposure to Mn can induce neurodegeneration through the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and the eventual onset of oxidative stress. An extract produced from winterberry leaves (Ilex verticillata) exhibits antioxidant properties as it has been shown to protect against Mn-induced oxidative stress in the nematode worm, Caenorhabditis elegans. Due to this observed response in C. elegans, it was hypothesized that the winterberry leaf extract (WLE) could offer protection against neurodegeneration of dopaminergic neurons. To evaluate dopaminergic integrity and its effect on nematode behavior, a wild-type C. elegans strain was treated with several concentrations of WLE and manganese chloride (MnCl2). A motility assay with the wild-type N2 worm strain was anticipated to produce a dose-dependent increase in movement upon treatment with WLE. Mn-exposed worms pre-treated with WLE were expected to also have an increase in movement. In a 1-nonanol dopamine-dependent repulsion assay, worms pre-treated with WLE were predicted to repulse faster from 1-nonanol exposure compared to Mn-treated worms. The expected results of a progeny assay would show that pre-treatment of worms with WLE would increase the percentage of hatched progeny compared to the Mn control. Overall, our hypothesis is that pre-treatment with WLE may offer C. elegans protection against Mn-induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration and merits further exploration as a potential alternative medicine which could be used to treat people affected by neurodegenerative disorders.


The effect of lamellar and bi-modal microstructures on low cycle fatigue life under different stress swing of TC18 titanium alloy was studied.The results show that fatigue life is not sensitive to the change of microstructure of TC18 titanium alloy.Fatigue lives of bi-modal and lamellar microstructures are very similar under the same stress swing.The low cycle fatigue life N of TC18 titanium alloy is determined by stress swing.The relationship between σmax and N is logarithmic and the correlative coefficient is larger than 0.99.


With the aim of evaluating ambient geological risks in La Joya-San Jacinto area at Merida State, an analysis of the variables that take part in carrying out the geological, geomorphological and geotechnical maps, has been made; to obtain as a final product an instability sectors map. This map was created from the overlay of this variables being associated with different ranges of slopes in the area, obtaining sectors that are represented by instability percentages. It is also important to take into account the continuous urban expansion that in the last 40 years has been affecting Merida City, without any kind of control. Furthermore, the sector occupied by La Joya-San Jacinto is considered a "possible expansion zone" (POU, 1992), therefore this paper tries to help those organizations making urbas plans and civil structures in that area to avoid possible natural disaster.


It's an important task for bridge management to evaluate the bridge condition effectively presently.During the evaluation of the bridges,the vary traffic load usually needs a quantitative description,which usually was described as traffic load effects.This paper made a preliminary study to the calculation methodology for deriving the extreme load model using weigh-in-motion(WIM) data from the 107 highway.With different simple-supported beams,the Rice formula theory of extrapolation was adopted to calculate the extreme traffic load effects,which could be used for the foundation of an extreme load assessing model of the bridge.


Emerging from their initial application to functional imaging data, multivoxel pattern classifiers are increasingly applied to structural data to predict, among many others, disease status and psychological traits. Naturally, the choice of a suitable classifier in such analyses is a critical step. In the present paper, we assessed the performance of two frequently used classifiers (Support Vector Machine, SVM, and Random Forest, RF) and a novel voxel-wise voting classifier (Weighted Robust Distance, WeiRD) against different simulated scenarios and against a realworld structural dataset of alcoholic patients and controls (LeADstudy, N=217). The simulated scenarios comprised a dislocation scenario, in which a certain proportion of functionally corresponding voxels are located at different positions between samples; a noise scenario, in which the proportion of voxels containing informative signal was systematically varied; and a phenotype scenario, in which a given class consists of multiple subclasses or "phenotypes". Our simulation results show that either RF or WeiRD outperformed SVM across large parameter ranges in these scenarios. While WeiRD performed best among the classifiers in the dislocation and noise scenario, RF showed superior classification in the phenotype scenario. Applied to the structural dataset of alcoholic patients and controls, RF and WeiRD outperformed SVM across all tested smoothing kernels (0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24 mm isotropic) and resampling resolutions (1.5, 3, 6, 9, 12 mm isotropic). While classification scores generally increased with the amount of smoothing, RF performed best among classifiers for smaller smoothing kernels (0-8 mm) and WeiRD best for larger smoothing kernels (12-24 mm). In sum, our results (1) show that the classifier performance critically depends on the structure of the data and (2) provide guidance in cases where prior information about this structure is available. In addition, we introduce WeiRD, a simple and fast distance-tocentroid classifier, which performed well for simulated and realworld structural data.


This paper addresses the results of an experimental study on relationship between half-cell potentials and load carrying capacity of corroded concrete RC shear walls. There are four specimens in the test with the corrosion rate of 0%, 3%, 9% and 15%, respectively. Before and after the accelerate corrosion test, half-cell potential measurement was used to attain half-cell potentials. The horizontal load carrying capacity was attained under cyclic loading. Results show that load carrying capacity of corrosion damaged walls decrease with the increase of corrosion rate, as well as half-cell potentials. The relationship among corrosion rate, half-cell potentials and load carrying capacity is presented.


Due to the probabilistic and uncertain nature of learning-enabled autonomous systems, new assurance technologies appropriate for such systems are becoming critical for their acceptance. Runtime monitors are among the key assurance technologies to address these challenges. In the DARPA Assured Autonomy program, our Boeing team is performing autonomous platform integration and assurance technology evaluation. In this paper, we present our preliminary evaluation results for runtime monitor technologies, which were developed by our three partner teams during Phase I for learning-enabled autonomous systems. The evaluation was completed using a flight simulator and real platforms. In the evaluation, the demonstrated assurance technologies showed significant promise in addressing the assurance shortfall currently facing learning enabled cyber physical systems, and the evaluation approach defined here provides a solid starting point for evaluations of the maturing assurance technologies in the future phases of the DARPA Assured Autonomy project.


Heart rate recovery (HRR) is a good predictor of fu ture cardiovascular complications. Aerobic exercise is an effective treatment strategy in obesity management and prevention of cardiovascular complications. It is not known whether aerobic exercise can influence the heart ra te recovery in obese females. The objective of our st dy was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks aerobic exercise program on body composition and heart rate recovery in obese female individuals. 20 obese females in study group and 20 participants in control group were included who co mpleted 8 weeks aerobic exercise program at an intensity of 70-85% of their heart rate maximum. Descriptive statistics and repeated measures ANOVA were used to compare the effect of a erobic exercise on the outcomes between the study a n control groups. There was a significant improvement in stud y group following 8 weeks aerobic exercise on heart rate recovery and body composition.


Almost all psychoanalytic theorizing posits some basic and presumably built-in motivational thrusts. The goal of this paper is to present an alternative way of thinking about the beginnings of motivation. I go into some detail about recent contributions from two areas of research: dynamic systems theory as applied by Esther Thelen to infantile motor development and Gerald Edelman's (1992) theory of "Neural Darwinism." What emerges are two interlocking hypotheses: The first is that what we infer as drives or other versions of "basic" motivations are already a late development of motivational organizations that started out from a collection of rather primitive biases. The second hypothesis, based on dynamic systems thinking or complexity theory, is that a great many developmental features that appear to be driven by a built-in genetic program or design, are, in fact, the spontaneously emergent, and therefore the never completely predictable, resultant of the interplay of embedded, embodied, and environmental elements. It is also hypothesized that, just as motivational systems lead to the emergence of new capacities and functions, so too do new capacities beget new motivational derivatives in an ever-more complex developmental spiral. Early experience plays an enormously important and highly individual role in the creation of conative patterns that eventually crystalize into what we, as observers and theoreticians, begin to categorize into systems of motivation. Depending on the observer and his or her frame of reference, certain motivational systems are held to be superordinate to others; these then are held up as basic motives. As psychoanalysts we currently find ourselves in a situation of competing organizational systems vying for prominence. The multiplicity of such systems speaks to our uncertainty and the need for further study to clarify the many questions that this line of thinking evokes. The second section of this paper explores the relations among need, wish, impulse, and defense as varieties of motivational systems that have already crystalized out of the early beginnings of motivation.


. We study birth-death processes in interactive random environments, where not only the birth and death rates depend on the state of the environment, but also the evolution dynamics of the environment depends on the state of the birth-death process. Two types of random environments are considered, either pure jump (finite or infinite countable) Markov process or a reflected (jump) diffusion process. The joint Markov process is constructed in such a way that the interactive impact is explicitly characterized, and the joint invariant measure takes an explicit form which may be regarded as a type of product form. We provide a few examples in queueing (multi-server and infinite-server models) and population growth models, to illustrate the construction of the joint Markov process and the conditions under which the explicit product-form invariant measure can be derived.Wethen study the rate of convergence to stationarity of these models. We consider two settings which lead to either an exponential rate or a polynomial rate. In both settings, we assume that the underlying environmental Markov process has an exponential rate of convergence, however, the convergence rates of the joint Markov process depend on the certain conditions on the birth and death rates. We use a coupling approach to prove these results on the rates of convergence.


The general purpose of my study is to examine what different notions of children and childhood emerge when parents talk about children's TV-habits. More specifically, this paper concentrates on two ...


Preface Chapter 1: Introduction to CherryPy Chapter 2: Download and Install CherryPy Chapter 3: Overview of CherryPy Chapter 4: CherryPy in Depth Chapter 5: A Photoblog Application Chapter 6: Web Services Chapter 7: The Presentation Layer Chapter 8: Ajax Chapter 9: Testing Chapter 10: Deployment Index


This chapter reviews the literature and the evidence on how the international mobility of skilled people influences the diffusion of knowledge across borders. It discusses recent analyses of the significance of the mobility of human resources in science and technology for knowledge formation and use, the motives for this migration, and the effects of mobility on both sending and receiving countries. LinkToContentAt: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264047754-4-en Knowledge Type: Thematic report [1] Other Tag: knowledge flows [2] brain drain [3] engineers [4] global competition [5] brain circulation [6] human capital [7] migration [8] immigration [9] tacit knowledge [10] knowledge transfer [11] labour market [12] knowledge spillovers [13] talent [14] remittances [15] knowledge diffusion [16] Parent URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264047754-en [17]


The invention is mainly produced by pearl barley flour, rice powder, wheat flour, soybean milk, sugar and so on as raw materials. The production method of the pearl barley cake is as follows: all kinds of raw materials are weighed in proportion and mixed evenly, added with soybean milk refrigerated to the temperature of 30-40 DEG C after boiling, produced into a flour dough, fermented in a warm place with a temperature of 30 DEG C for 2 hours, poured into the cake mold, baked in an oven, refrigerated and packaged. The invention adopts multiple raw materials, is rich in nutrients, has multiple functions of strengthening the spleen and stomach, keeping youth, eliminating dampness and removing paralysis; the invention can reinforce human body immunity, effectively eliminate multiple focus of human body and balance human body function; the invention has advantages of simple production, convenient eating and good to health.


Delayed anesthesia recovery following endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) can be an indicator of immediate complications and negatively impact healthcare efficiency. This study aims to examine clinical factors with a focus on improving clinical practice.


In his seminal 1993 work The Embattled Gods: Christianization of Igboland 1841–1991, Ogbu Kalu argued that the gods of African traditional religion were dislodged from their stronghold but not completely defeated. Could the rising popularity of fetish rituals and occult practices among the Nigerian youth over the last two decades mean the return of these gods? Using historical analytical methodology, this article examines the rising influence of fetish rituals and occult practices among youth in southern Nigeria. It recognises the current attraction of the occult world as a subtle form of youth resistance to financial and social insecurity engendered by the modern state system in Nigeria, as well as youth resistance to the money-making ethos of 'prosperity gospel' evangelism. The article argues that, while the surge in youth engagement in ritual and occult practices may appear to be a form of re-traditionalisation, such cultural revisionism can better be described as an instrument of youth resistance.

Jacinta Chiamaka Nwaka, Department of History and International Studies, University of Benin, Nigeria. Email: email@example.com


The packing of the molecules in crystals is a result of the compromise between different intermolecular interactions, tendency towards close packing, symmetry requirements etc. All these factors, hierarchically organized and influencing one another, determine the unique three-dimensional structure, the molecular crystal. The compromise between different requirements sometimes requires the presence of more than one molecule in the asymmetric unit. That means that there are molecules in the crystal which are not related by any symmetry operation while still being chemically identical. A study of the connections between this phenomenon and packing conflicts is essential for predicting organic crystal structures. A further goal could be to try to correlate the occurrence of multiple molecules in the asymmetric unit with the presence of certain functional groups in the molecules, space group symmetries etc. The analysis of the frequency of different Z' values in the crystal structures shows that above-average percentage of the structures with Z'>1 is observed for imidazole derivatives. The different reasons for packing with Z'=2 will be presented for 4-nitroimidazole derivatives. For example, in two closely-related 1-R-2-methyl-4-nitroimidazoles the creation of bilayers of molecules, the primary building blocks of the crystal structures, is possible because there are two symmetry-independent molecules that have either different conformations or take part in different intermolecular interactions.


The invention discloses a detection device of an automobile air outlet mould. The device is mainly formed by control equipment, data processing equipment, induction apparatuses, a universal pipe, a signal emission device and a workbench. The control equipment is connected to the data processing equipment. The data processing equipment is connected to the induction apparatuses and the signal emission device. The induction apparatuses are installed on the workbench. The number of the induction apparatuses is not less than 3 and installation positions are not all at a straight line. The workbench is installed on a pedestal. A left side of the pedestal is provided with a vertical chute. The vertical chute is connected to a vertical slide block. The vertical slide block is provided with a support. The support is connected to a transverse slide block. The transverse slide block is provided with the universal pipe. The universal pipe is connected to the signal emission device. The signal emission device is a sphere whose surface has elasticity, a plurality of signal emitters are uniformly distributed on the surface. The signal emitters are correspondingly provided with pressure induction devices. By using the device of the invention, an internal space of a mould with the large internal space can be measured, a test speed is rapid and installation precision is low.


Let us now consider the recent drifts that in other places are being formed at the present day. In portions of the sea-coast of Western Ireland, but especially in Galway and Mayo, there are clifis of glacial drift margining the Atlantic. These are degrading away yearly, the detritus being carried away to form submarine and estuarine deposits.


A process for the preparation of (4S, 5R) -N-Boc-2- (2, 4-dimethoxyphenyl) -4-isobutyl-1-oxazolidine-5-carboxylic acid, comprising the following steps: a) protection group Boc amino leucinol; b) transformation of N-Boc-L-leucinol into N-Boc-L-leucinal; c) preparation of the cyanohydrin product of step (b); d) transformation of the nitrile of the cyanohydrin to the corresponding carboxylic acid; e) formation of the carboxylic acid methyl ester; f) purification of the methyl ester of (2R, 3S) -3- (N-Boc) amino-2-hydroxy-5-methylhexanoic acid; g) condensation of the product of step (f) with dimethyl 2, 4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde providing acid methyl ester (4S, 5R) -N-Boc-2- (2, 4-dimethoxyphenyl) -4-isobutyl-1- oxazolidin-5-carboxylic acid; h) transformation of the product of step g) into the corresponding carboxylic acid.


The Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) is a kind of glycoprotein hormone secreted by cells on the placental site after pregnancy. This particular hormone plays an important role in maintaining the luteinizing hormone (LH) during the early stage of pregnancy. Therefore hCG has been considered an ideal target antigen in developing new contraceptive vaccines. The new recognition of hCG structure: hCG LH FSH and TSH are glycoprotein hormones made up of ( and ( subunits; their ( subunits are similar and their ( subunits show distinct specificities. A study of the hCG prototype vaccine has been done and shows that a contraceptive vaccine with a (-hCG subunit is proven safe without any noticeable side effects; also the vaccination is reversible. Vaccine with 37 peptide ((-hCG-CTP at the end of (-hCG carboxyl group): (-hCG-CTP has been tested clinically and it is producing hCG antigen. A study of the hCG contraceptive vaccine in China has been conducted and several prototype vaccines have been tested on monkeys. The researchers did not find any noticeable toxic side effects. There were several outstanding issues regarding hCG contraceptive vaccines; but recently some remarkable progress in the study of the hCG contraceptive vaccine has been made even though some theories and application issues need to be studied in more depth and solved. Scholars at home and abroad are committed to producing the HCG antigen through genetic engineering technology.


This paper investigates the local permanent magnet (PM) demagnetization characteristics of stator-PM flux-switching (SPM-FS) machine and rotor-PM flux-switching (RPM-FS) machine. The partial demagnetization mechanisms of two machines are analyzed based on a simple magnetic circuit method, and verified by finite-element analysis (FEA). In addition, the performance degradation due to demagnetization effect is evaluated, and a comprehensive comparison of a pair of three-phase prototyped machines is conducted, where the two machines have the same stator outer diameter, stack length and rated current density. The predicted results indicate the demagnetization is generated in the corner parts of PMs near to air-gap for SPM-FS machines, and then the torque performances are degraded, while PMs in RPM-FS machine are hardly influenced by demagnetization effect. Hence, the anti-demagnetization capability of the RPM-FS machine is significantly stronger than that of the SPM-FS machine.


This research aimed to analyze the way of how flying movement system and background graphic in MMORPG, which provides movement system, influences on users' psychological behavior in order to enhance user's participation and the completion level of 3D game. This research also analyzed the difference between the user's response to the flying movement and other movement structure in game such as things to board, summons, portal, chase, and etc. With this comparative analysis, this study could clarify the characteristics of the user's desire to fly according to the virtual world' topography in game, the necessity of flying movement for fast movement, the dependence of user on flying system, the immersion according to behavior in process of flying, and expression level of virtual world, and etc. The survey through the case research of MMORPG Aion selected for this research showed flying movement system can have suitable quality by applying users' playing time and absorption in flight process, users' impulse following game level, and users' need to fly as a convenience of flying properly.


Under the guidance of theory, this paper puts forward that the task-based language teaching can be applied to the classroom English teaching in vocational colleges. In English teaching, it focus on learners' interaction and cooperation, and encourages students to learn English by finishing tasks.


Data fusion is the combination of the results of independent searches on a document collection into one single output result set. It has been shown that this can greatly improve retrieval effectiveness over that of the individual results. This paper compares some major data fusion and system selection techniques by experimenting on TREC ad hoc collections.


A plasma source for plasma CVD apparatus, a first electrode, a second electrode, the third electrode, and four are the fourth electrode has an electrode group arranged in this order, wherein the electrode group, is connected to an AC power source, the voltage supplied to two of the four electrodes are offset voltage and phase to be supplied to the remaining two electrodes, between adjacent electrodes, the raw material gas is space supplied is provided, a plasma source, wherein the voltage applied to at least one pair of two adjacent electrodes are in phase.


The current practice in the United States is to maintain patients with opioid dependence on opioids. A case series approach was used to investigate the results of outpatient detoxification/opioid-free treatment using a neuropsychoanalytic paradigm. Detoxification involved a single dose of buprenorphine, adjunctive medications, and intensive neuropsychoanalytic psychotherapy. Depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and nicotine dependence were treated with bupropion. Low-dose naltrexone was used to remedy hypothesized low endogenous opioid tone. In the study, 92% of subjects completed one week of detoxification. By selfreport, 60% were still sober one month into treatment. When divided into a group who met the DSM–IV criteria for opioid dependence because of withdrawal, tolerance, and inability to cut down or stop opioid medications only (the "Pain Group") and a group who met more than these three criteria (the "Addicted Group"), there were significant differences in maintaining abstinence. In addition, the Addicted Group were much more likely to be depressed and to have borderline personality disorder. All cases of ADHD and all drug dream reports were in the Addicted Group. The conclusion of the study was that neuropsychoanalytic treatment of addiction (including complete abstinence from opioids and neuropsychoanalytic interventions) may be a viable approach to opioid-use disorder. Current DSM criteria for diagnosis of addiction to opioids may incorrectly include a subgroup who are unable to stop the drug only because of inability to endure the withdrawal syndrome. With the neuropsychoanalytic approach, they appear to tolerate withdrawal and stay off opioids. Further investigation is required to compare this neuropsychoanalytic paradigm to other treatments.


Micro surfacing technology fills up the deficiency of slurry sealing technology and hot asphaltic concrete paving technology with the promotion values,which is a better preventive maintenance to asphalt pavement.


An arbitrary advanced civilization might have the technology to travel back and forth in time and that too within a large timescale like say 'a thousand years' into the past or future. But to us, in present day scenario, this 'time travel' seems impossible. Although many mathematical thesis have been published with sound theories about the structure and definitions' of 'time travels' but still from an engineering feat, it's practically impossible. Therefore, the time travel is a far more mathematical abstract concept and a source of science fiction for today's physicists. However, theorists are not restrained by any limits or bounds and they likes to explore the plausibility of travelling through times and its fundamental overlying principles. Firstly, its necessary to develop a theory that is suitable for humans to travel in time like 'without falling inside a black hole' or 'without any need of exotic matter' or 'without creating any paradoxes' but we will consider 'micro black hole and high gravity potentials'. So, to develop a more practical theory, its necessary that one needs to consider the factors which is not too hypothetical to be achieved by human beings at the present notion of technologies available to us. So, if such a theory can be achieved with a high degree of accuracy then the travelling through time will be possible by manipulating the circuits and machinery and creating a time machine after all at the end. However, travelling to future, although is theoretically plausible, travelling to past is always restricted due to the nature of 'the birth of various paradoxes' that may happen in due times. So, to extent the notion of casual loops without getting too far away with the absurdity of the physics, this paper will view the time from a new perspective and then it will aim to develop a theory so that its best fit within the current feats of technological challenges that we are facing today. Starting from the 'relativity' which first gives the scientific definition of 'time travel', 'time' as a whole has always been considered as 4th dimensions along with space and the other 3 spatial dimensions being orthogonal to them. But, what if there already exists an embedded 2-time dimension in our space-time and there is already existent 'causal loops' in our universe but what needs to be done is the action of a 'temporal agent' who can make the hidden 2nd dimensions of time prominent 'from hiding' and we are free to explore the 'temporal loops' in our space-time. This temporal agent can be any human beings with a high source of available technology or can be in any form of machinery like the 'time machines' which will allow the 'embedded 2nd dimensions' prominent from the hiding so that humans could explore the feats of 'time travelling'. This paper is typically presented to deal with these ideas of 2nd time dimensions and causal loops in space-times where any object (or rather humans) can travel back and forth in time riding on these 2-time dimensions. My objective will always remain to focus 'time' from the perspectives of '2 dimensions' in the form of a 'circle' rather than a linear straight line of 1 dimension and thereby manipulating the idea of this extra dimensions in such a way that, travelling through time can be achieved in practicality without getting washed away by too much abstract mathematics as theoretical physicists often likes to do. Its not quite easy to present time in such a form but I will try my best to do so and also keeping in mind that my theory is consistent with the current available technological challenges faced by experimental physicists and engineers in designing a time machine. A consistent theory is always necessary for practical implementation and that's what I always intend to do and this paper is just the reflections of my ideas to provide an easy through to 'time travel' by focusing the extra hidden dimensions of time in nature. The possible outcome of these phenomena has been discussed thoroughly using logics & mathematics which will insight into a far more in-depth concept by taking us in exploring the 2-Time Dimensions in this universe and the related outcome or consequences of this more than 1 Time Dimensions. Moreover, this paper aims to provide the repetition or Looping of Timelines in a 2D Minkowski lightcone with the help of (exponential wavefunctions) which results in the occurring of same event in a synchronic pattern along with a desired property which will prove that, 'N" past timelines are connected with "N+1+1……" future timelines and it is the law of nature to select the appropriate future timelines related to the past timelines which have the least degrees of errors in the "exponential wavefunctions" introduced in this paper. We will give an insight about the metric by taking time as 'imaginary' and how it solves the 'singularity problem' from Schwarzschild and Lemaitre metrics respectively. Then the concept of spatial divergence has been used.


I would first like to thank the Child Neurology Society for the honor that it has bestowed upon me. I am aware of the prestige which is attached to the Hower Award and I deeply value this distinction, especially as I realize that it is the first time the Award has been given to a non-American child neurologist. In addition to honoring me, the Child Neurology Society wanted to demonstrate that neuropediatrics has no geographic, political, or linguistic borders and that the care of neurologically disabled children requires the efforts of all men and women of good will across lands and oceans.


This paper assesses how consumer culture has been addressed in New Product Development (NPD) literature. Based on a classification of NPD-related theories, a set of consumer-culture-related theories is used to identify and categorise relevant literature. User research is not found to be a core method used in the studied literature, and a large number of studies rely on secondary data. Most references study culture's role in the final phases of NPD when the characteristics of a product are defined, but a lack of guidelines for considering culture in the early phases of NPD was identified.


2008 Beijing Olympic Games are the global attention sports show,to promotes host city Beijing and even our country's sports,the economical, political,social and technical various influence,has the important meaning.Uses literature methods and so on material investigation and study,expert interview,empirical study,right "technical Olympic Games" the innovation strategy has conducted the research in Beijing Olympic Games' development,finally indicated that Beijing through sponsors in 2008 the Olympic Games,in profits from various countries to conduct in the Olympic Games mature experience's foundation,according to Beijing Olympic Games own characteristic,takes advantage of somebody's authority the development "the Olympic Games economy" strategic at the same time,"technical Olympic Games" the innovation strategy aspect has also achieved the huge achievement in the implementation,was 2008 Beijing Olympic Games' successfully holds has made the great contribution.


To the Editor:— The fact that we find so few American physicians who are interested in the diseases of children, studying in the medical centers of Europe, makes it seem probable that the opportunities for work in Europe along the line of pediatrics are not fully understood in America. This fact, taken in connection with the effect produced on me by a very discouraging editorial inThe Journal(July 25, 1908, li, 320), has made me think it possible that a few words from one who has recently been on the ground are not wholly uncalled for. I feel this the more strongly in view of the difficulties I myself experienced in my efforts to obtain information about European work in children's diseases before starting on my trip. The reason for this was twofold: the men who had recently come back had worked along lines other than my own, whereas


Global Value Chains offer new export diversification opportunities to small developing countries. But joining an international supply chain and up-grading may require different sets of policies. Moreover, objectives that are desirable from the policy-maker perspective may not be attractive for the firms, and reciprocally. For example, many upgrading development analysis rely on some variant of the "smiley curve" which only looks at the extensive margin from a trade in tasks perspective. This conference paper complements the extensive dimension with its intensive counterpart and proposes analysing up-grading through a "double smiley curve". We argue that intensive export promotion is also easier when analysed from a trade in task perspective because very different products may actually include similar tasks: what looks as diversification in the product space may actually be only an extension at the intensive margin from a value-chain perspective.


We prove that the lowest nonzero piece in the Hodge filtration of a mixed Hodge module is always weakly positive in the sense of Viehweg.


Dostoevsky's disturbing and groundbreaking novella appears in this new annotated edition with an Introduction by Charles Guignon and Kevin Aho. An analogue of Guignon's widely praised Introduction to his 1993 edition of "The Grand Inquisitor," the editors' Introduction places the underground man in the context of European modernity, analyzes his inner dynamics in the light of the history of Russian cultural and intellectual life, and suggests compelling reasons for our own strange affinity for this nameless man who boldly declares, "I was rude and took pleasure in being so."


To present a simple and feasible method to calculate the bending resistance of frame composite slim beam with deep deck, the stress distribution of sections in plastic stage was studied by tests, and the failure mechanism of the ultimate resistance was proposed. The formula of calculating the bending capacity in the hogging moment region of the slim beam with deep deck was deduced. Along with the existing formula of sagging moment, the calculation formua of the frame slim beam was obtained. Test results verify the feasibility of the obtained formula.


Liquid ventilation is a strategy of mechanical ventilation by using perfluorocarbon as oxygen and carbon dioxide carriers.It can effectively improve pulmonary function,but the effect of clinical and animal studies is still controversial.In recent years,the researches on Iiquid ventilation have focused on low dose.small tidal volume and combination therapy,and shown that liquid ventilation is still a potentially effective way in the treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome.This article reviews the scientific research of liquid ventilation.

Key words:
Perfluorocarbon; Liquid ventilation; Acute respiratory distress syndrome; Acute lung injury


This chapter provides an overview of the thermodynamics relating to the molar volumes of electrolyte solutions and briefly describes the experimental methods best suited to their measurement, especially in the important low-concentration region. Equations appropriate for the extrapolation of experimental apparent molar volumes to infinite dilution to obtain the standard state values are discussed. A brief survey of measurements in both aqueous and non-aqueous solutions is provided and methods for splitting the measurable whole salt quantities into their ionic contributions are presented. Progress towards understanding ionic volumes in water and other solvents, and the differences among solvents, is summarised.


The authors argue for a broader view of what it means to be literate to include meaning making with both linguistic and visual representations.


standards from the WTO; and a reversion to multilateral trade instruments rather than the current preference for regional trading arrangements that may actually worsen rather than improve the situation of the least-developed countries. Many of these recommendations are valid and demand deeper consideration although it is arguable whether they are always the natural outcome of the discussion and analysis in the preceding chapters. This brief monograph is a disappointment in that it falls rather short of its worthy intentions. Of some 127 pages of text, the core chapter on Trade Growth and Poverty Reduction draws heavily on a previously published journal article such that there are only around 60 pages of original discussion and analysis, including 14 pages of recommendations. Srinivasan partly succeeds in addressing the relationship between trade, growth and poverty-reduction, notably in Chapter 2 but his cursory surveys of theoretical and empirical literature fail to capture the full intricacies of the key issues and debates. This is not to denigrate the validity of his interesting and provocative recommendations but rather that they lack sufficient justification. Further, the links between chapters, sections and arguments are not fully realised, such that it is the dissonances rather than the underlying themes that attract most notice. Those seeking a substantive discussion of the specific issues confronting land-locked countries will also be disappointed since they merit virtually no mention.


Flashover due to pollution of overhead transmission line insulators (OHTL) is a major source of faults in the electric power transmission system. Insulators are exposed to the outdoor environment and become polluted by different types of pollutants that end up causing faults, like flashover in the transmission of electric power. In this paper, the investigation of the potential distribution efficiency of polluted 132kV AC transmission line insulators was conducted. MATLAB was used to model and simulate the polluted insulators and comparison was made between not polluted and polluted insulators. Due to pollution of the OHTL, the potential distribution on a string of suspension insulators became non uniform leading to a decrease in efficiency. The results show that the value of a capacitance K ratio increases from 0.2 to 1.0 which led to an efficiency decrease from 99.9% to 31.07%.


Methods of symmetrical and non-central repetition of wordorder in phrase repeats are regarded in this article on the material of dialect speech phonorecording. General methods of interaction symmetrical and non-central repeats in halting text, allowing transferring to the systematization and analysis of processes of spontaneous text order through categories of structural steadiness/ unsteadiness, are revealed here too.