The ability to acquire and respond appropriately to targets or obstacles, moving or stationary, while underway, is critical for all unmanned mobile robot applications. This is achieved by most animate systems, but has proven difficult for artificial systems. We propose that efficient and extensible solutions to the target acquisition, discrimination and maintenance problem may be found when the machine sensor-effector control algorithms emulate the mechanisms employed by biological systems. In nature, visual motion provides the basis for these functions. Because visual motion can be due either to target motion or to platform motion, a method of motion segmentation must be found. We present a solution to this problem that emulates natural strategies, and describe its implementation in an autonomous visually controlled mobile robot. The Problem of Motion Segmentation Motion segmentation is used here as the process of identifying the 3-D spatial location of a unique source of motion from the optic flows created by one or more independently moving objects in the visual field. Motion segmentation is a greater problem than identifying and localizing a source of motion because the observer himself may also be moving in a complex visual space causing all other objects, whether stationary or moving, to contribute to the optic flow though induced motion. Consider a person driving his car down a busy street. In the course of driving, the driver uses saccades to select targets upon which to fix his gaze, and pursuit eye movements to hold his gaze upon his selected target. These targets may be other moving cars, pedestrians, billboards or other objects resting on the ground. While the relative target motion is minimized by the fixation mechanisms, images of the objects in the foreground and background relative to the target will continue to contribute to the optic flow on his retina during target fixation due to the motion of the car as well as to the pursuit eye movements. This flow can be non-uniform in direction as well as speed, depending upon the distance to the objects and their position with respect to the target and the relative direction of gaze with respect to the direction of travel of the car. Still, new targets are quickly noticed in the driver's peripheral vision, especially if they are moving independently of their surround. The mechanism that draws attention to these new targets is the focus of our interest in motion segmentation. Studies of eye movements of drivers have shown that unusual motion is a strong attractor of attention (Thomas, 1969). For example, a car that takes off from the parked position is irresistible, so is a blinking light, like a turn indicator, or a bouncing ball that appears across the traffic. While the driver most often notices objects that are themselves moving, motion in itself is inadequate to 1 Proceedings for the Dedicated Conference on Robotics, Motion, and Machine Vision in the Automotive Industries. 28 ISATA, 18-22 September 1995, Stuttgart, Germany, 353-360. guarantee attention. On a busy street many objects are in independent motion and yet are easily ignored. The common factor in the events that attract the attention of automobile drivers apparently is the unpredictability of the motion. When a motion parameter changes, it is temporarily unpredictable. Consider now the mechanisms that may be employed to identify and attend to the location of independently moving objects. One such mechanism may null the common elements of motion, thus favoring the unique. Center-surround interactions, similar to those that provide pattern enhancement (Kuffler and Nicholls, 1977), could be used to compare the motion of small objects with the motion of the background. Such mechanisms have been described for the Hawk Moth (Collett, 1971), for the optic tectum of birds (Frost et al., 1990), for the tectum of cats (Sterling and Wickelgren, 1969), for the cat visual cortex (Jones, 1970), and for the primate medial temporal cortex (Allman, et al., 1985; Tanaka, et al., 1986; Tanaka, et al., 1993). Essentially, the centersurround mechanism suppresses the response to motion in the center of a receptive field if the motion in the surround of the receptive field is in the same direction. If the motion of the surround is in the opposite direction to the motion of the center, the response to the motion in the center can be enhanced. The center-surround mechanism could be speed independent as nearby objects generate optic flows with greater speeds than do distant objects during auto translation but are not perceived as uniquely moving. The center-surround mechanism accomplishes a form of spatial prediction; the surround predicts the motion of the center. If both the surround and the center changed direction of motion together, this change would not be noticed at the output. Spatially consistent motion could be expected during induced motion, but regions of inhomogeneous contrast, such as a spot on the plaster wall, could dominate attention even during induced motion for lack of an adequately moving surround. That it does not do so suggests either that the surround involves the entire visual field, that there is in addition a mechanism of reafferent inhibition, or that the consistent motion of the spot contributes to its predictability and insignificance. Of course, all three possibilities could participate. The possibility of integration over the entire visual field is reduced, however, by the absence of long range connections in either the subcortical or cortical visual areas. Yet, the size of the receptive fields of cortical elements is known to increase in sequential visual processing areas leading away from the primary visual cortex. Feedback from later motion processing areas, such as the dorsal region of the medial superior temporal cortex (Tanaka et al., 1993), could provide global motion information to the cortical region or regions responsible for motion segmentation. The difficulties in summarizing the optic flow globally for an active vision system are great. In primates the bilateral organization of the nervous system allocates half of the visual field to one side of the brain and the remaining half of the visual field to the other side of the brain. Thus integration of visual information in one half of the brain generally does not cover the entire visual field, but is limited to the contralateral hemifield. Furthermore, motion analysis takes place in the cortex on a projected field that has undergone a log-polar mapping from the retinal surface (Tootell et al., 1982). Global patterns of motion on the retinal surface are quite different in the cortex following this log-polar mapping. The log-polar transformation simplifies the motion patterns due to translation and rotation on the Z perceptual axis, resulting in parallel flows, but complicates the motion patterns of translations on the X and Y perceptual axes. Thus on the occasions when an observer is looking at a target that is not in line with his direction of travel, the patterns of optic flow on the cortex of other non target objects will differ in direction between the upper and lower visual field quadrant projections. The direction and magnitude of the motion components of fixed non-target objects will depend upon the direction of travel of the observer relative to the target and of the location of the other objects relative to the target and observer. Objects located on either side of the target on the distance dimension will move in opposite directions. Objects proximate to the observer will move faster than objects located beyond the target. Objects located on the same side of the target both on the distance dimension and on the lateral dimension will be consistent in direction but not in magnitude. Therefore, only under a few conditions is the integrated motion of the global motion field descriptive of common motion. One such condition is when the observer is moving in the direction of the target upon which he has fixed his vision. Then the motion of new non-rigid moving objects in the peripheral visual fields will have expansion and rotation components that clearly differ from the background. The center/surround mechanisms described above can enhance these differences. When, however, the observer is moving lateral to the target but maintaining a visual fix upon it, the determination of unique motion is more complicated. Even within a quadrant, the background motion can be inconsistent depending upon the distance of the fixed objects relative to the target. However, this motion parallax can provide powerful depth cues, and when once established could be used to mediate the prediction of background motion for center-surround comparisons. We cannot rule out the possibility that global measures of field motion participate in motion segmentation, but the computational difficulties involved militate against it. We also suspect that nature selects the simplest solutions to any computational problem. Reafferent suppression of anticipated optic flow upon the execution of eye, head, or body movements (with or without feedback from either the vestibular or proprioceptive systems) would require considerable predictive accuracy of the resulting motion patterns given any of a great number of movements. This is also unlikely because it would require in addition some information about the source of the visual contrast. Proprioceptive and vestibular input do contribute to image stabilization by reflexes that move the eyes in a direction opposite to the motion of the head. The calculations required to do this are much simpler than calculations required to predict the optic flow resulting from a movement of the eyes or head. The stabilization is effective only for the immediate region of visual fixation anyway. Motion still is generated in peripheral vision with a stabilized eye during head movements. Thus the remaining likely mechanism for suppre


Sessional staff make significant contributions as members of the teaching communities at Australian and international universities. These staff are diverse in their backgrounds, their career paths and their skills. New frameworks are needed to firstly acknowledge the diversity of sessional staff and then to determine the policies, processes and structures that support sessional staff and their universities in achieving quality in teaching. One Sydney metropolitan university has undertaken an action research project focusing on supporting quality teaching through professional development for sessional teaching staff. This paper reports on the first stage of that project, piloted within one department of the university. The pivotal role of the departmental working party and the university wide steering committee to this project will be outlined. Methodology for data collection about sessional staff including journals, focus groups and surveys is also presented. Outcomes are summarised with an emphasis on the need to initiate processes that are self-sustaining at the departmental level and that can be transferred and disseminated to other academic divisions.


In situ EBSD investigations were conducted to polycrystalline NiTi alloy during tensile deformation to study the variation selection of martensitic transformation and its effect on pseudoelasticity. Experiments show that more than one martensite variants are formed in most grains, and the directions of traces for some variants are close to the direction of macroscopic Lüders band. Then the Schmid factors of activated variants in each grain were calculated, the results show that Schmid factors of activated shear systems can be divided into three categories, I: maximum Schmid factor; II: sub-maximum Schmid; III: small Schmid factor. The appearance of the latter two categories is mainly influenced by constraints of neighboring grains and variety of local stress state caused by Lüders band. And the Schmid factors of residual martensites belong to the third category. It is mainly because dislocations are easily introduced at the front of the Lüders band during the transformation process, which decrease the order degree of B2 phase and increase the difficulty of reverse phase transformation, and the sample shows poor pseudoelasticity.


This article analyses the evolution of ski resorts in the Catalan Pyrenees and the aspects of their installation in the land. The environmental aptitudes, the amount of snow and the skiing area, which have made the winter tourism development, possible, are taken into account; it describes the basic limits of offer and demand of this kind of tourism and confirms the outstanding role which the goverment administration have played in its promotion and development. Finally, it evaluates the meaning of the winter tourism as a basic aspect of the changeover of the territorial and socioeconomic structure as well as its importance inside the Pyrenees territory as a whole as a tourism resort.


Vaghissima sembianza... Arie di Stile Antico di Stefano Donaudy. Elizabeth Blancke-Biggs, soprano; Michael Recchiuti, piano. (La Sirena Records; 64:31)"Amorosi miei giorni," "Se tra l'erba," "Perche dolce, caro bene," "Perduta ho la speranza," "Ah, mal non cessate," "Date abbiento al mio dolore," "Sento nel core," "Spirate pur, spirate," "Come l'allodoletta," "Freschi luoghi, prati aulenti," "Vaghissima sembianza," "Vorrei poterti odiare," "Sorge il sol," "O del mio amato ben." "No, non mi guardate," "Or che le redole," "Quando ti revedro," "Amor mi fa cantare," "Madonna Renzuola," "Venuto e l'aprile," "Cuor mio, cuor mio non vedi," "O bei nidi d'amore," "Amor mi tiene in pugno," "Tregua non ho," "Certo un po' di cielo colse," "Dormendo stai," "Luoghi sereni e cari," "Tempo alfin di muover guerra."Stefano Donaudy (1879-1925) might have achieved greater and more lasting fame had he not worked in the shadow of such noteworthy compatriots as Giacomo Puccini, Pietro Mascagni, and Ottorino Respighi. Although he composed at least a half dozen operas and some orchestral and chamber works, he is remembered almost entirely for the 36 solo songs that were first published in 1918 as 36 Arie di Stile Antico. The title might have been chosen because there is scarcely a hint of the pervasive dissonance or rhythmic daring of modern music. Donaudy's music is unabashedly romantic, crafted with well worn, familiar gestures of the nineteenth century, and this made him an easy target for critics caught up in the more progressive currents of new music. Donaudy was also criticized for setting texts in ways that underscored their general mood without bringing any true illumination of any deeper layers of meaning. Of course, it didn't help that many of the texts he chose to set had no such deeper meaning to bring to light. In short, it became fashionable to dismiss Donaudy as a irrelevant relic of the past.While critics and historians have done their damage either by attacking Donaudy directly or ignoring him altogether, there have been plenty of singers over the intervening years who have appreciated his songs and championed them through the years when they were not readily available. Fortunately, that original collection of 36 Arie de Stile Antico has become much more accessible, which has reawakened interest in these beautiful, gratifying songs. Donaudy was a throwback to the composers of the bel canto period, who understood the human voice and knew how to craft the kind of melodic lines that made beautiful singing almost inevitable. Needless to say, many of these songs are ideal for young singers who are still discovering what healthy, effortless singing is all about. These songs are also a helpful vehicle for getting young singers comfortable with singing expressively, since they are written in an overtly impassioned style of bold rather than subtle colors. On the other hand, experienced and skilled singers have always found treasures galore in the best of these songs, which have figured prominently in the lives and careers of so many major singers. …


Studies were conducted using a combination of ox brain cephalin faction, 0.2% cardiolipin and 1% cholesterol supplemented with sphingomyelin extracted from ox brain. A reaction was noted at a maximum of 256-fold dilution in the nodular form, 16-fold in the neural form and 256-fold in the macular form. Addition of lecithin resulted in a reduction in sensitivity of the complement fixation reaction in leprosy and a greater reaction in syphilis. Furthermore, a reaction was noted at 16-fold dilution with pregnancy serum.


This paper discusses possible methods for on-chip fluorescent imaging forintegrated bio-sensors. The integration of optical and electro-optical accessories, accordingto suggested methods, can improve the performance of fluorescence imaging. It can boostthe signal to background ratio by a few orders of magnitudes in comparison to conventionaldiscrete setups. The methods that are present in this paper are oriented towards buildingreproducible arrays for high-throughput micro total analysis systems (μTAS). The firstmethod relates to side illumination of the fluorescent material placed into micro-compartments of the lab-on-chip. Its significance is in high utilization of excitation energyfor low concentration of fluorescent material. The utilization of a transparent μLED chip,for the second method, allows the placement of the excitation light sources on the sameoptical axis with emission detector, such that the excitation and emission rays are directedcontroversly. The third method presents a spatial filtering of the excitation background.


In this work, we consider the fractional obstacle problem with a given obstacle ψ in a bounded domain Ω in R, such that Ksψ = {v ∈ H s 0(Ω) : v ≥ ψ a.e. in Ω} 6= ∅, given by u ∈ Ksψ : 〈LAu, v − u〉 ≥ 〈F, v − u〉 ∀v ∈ K s ψ, for F in H(Ω), the dual space of the fractional Sobolev space H 0(Ω), 0 < s < 1. The nonlocal operator LA : H s 0(Ω) → H (Ω) is defined with the distributional Riesz fractional derivatives and with a measurable, bounded, positive definite matrix A : Ω → R, by LAu(x) := −D s · (A(x)Du(x)). We show that the bilinear form EA(u, v) := ˆ Ω AD s u ·Dv = 〈LAu, v〉 = ˆ


References : [1] Krafczyk J., Gmehling J. Chem. Ing. Tech. 66 (1994), p. 1372-1375 [2] Pöpken T., Geisler R., Götze L., Brehm A., Moritz P., Gmehling J. Chem. Eng. Technol. 21 (1999), p. 401-404 [3] Pöpken T., Götze L., Gmehling J. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., in press [4] Pöpken T., Steinigeweg S., Gmehling J. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., submitted Especially for equilibrium limited reactions such as esterifications, ester hydrolysis and transesterifications, this offers distinct advantages over the conventional, sequential approach, e.g.: • conversions far beyond equilibrium conversion (ideally 100%) resulting in a smaller recycle • increase in reaction rate by product removal • direct use of the enthalpy of reaction for separation in case of exothermic reactions • circumventing azeotropes with reactants by reaction


their contents to an electronic, searchable format with added information about form and paratext, Kvande has made information easily accessible—and easily revisable. Rather than lamenting the inadequacies of outdated print sources, scholars can now turn to a source that can be updated to stay current. Th e accessibility of the database makes it particularly ready for classroom use as well as research into fi ction and paratextual material in this period. Restoration Printed Fiction will prove a valuable tool for scholars and students alike, and it has the potential to become even more useful over time.


The teaching method for curriculum group of computer control for electron information specialty is discussed according to the characters and demands of this curriculum group.Combining with experiences of this kind curriculum,the teaching method which is used to improve the ability of engineering practice,carve out and innovation for computer control curriculum group is studied from three aspects of theory teaching,practices teaching and examine ways.The method can boost up the ability of competition in processing of employment.


ABSTRACT Poly(L-lactide (PLLA), nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) and multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNTs) biodegradable scaffolds were produced through thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) and ultrasonically dispersed for use in tissue engineering. The results obtained showed that mechanical properties and conductivity improved with respect to the PLLA to which nanotubes had been added. Scaffolds with a nanotube weight of 1% and 5% showed the best properties, with a very uniform and well-arranged structure. The weight percentage of nanotubes is an essential parameter in determining the formation of agglomerates. Samples with a 10% carbon nanotube (CNT) weight showed aggregates, with the TIPS and ultra-sonication techniques found to be unsuitable for production with such high levels of reinforcement. The degradation process was modulated by morphology and not crystallinity, with the PLLA/nHA samples degrading more readily due to their smaller pores which did not allow degradation products to escape as easily, resulting in autocatalytic degradation. The addition of nanotubes had a significant impact on the dielectric properties of the samples, which ceased to be an insulator and became a conductor. Graphical Abstract


A number of studies have assessed the reliability of entries in the Wikipedia at specific times. One important difference between the Wikipedia and traditional media, however, is the dynamic nature of its entries. An entry assessed today might be substantially extended or reworked tomorrow. This study paper assesses the frequency with which small, inaccurate changes are quickly corrected.


This paper aims at presenting the studies of the seismic non-linear soil-structure interaction analysis of an offshore extension under construction in Monaco. The extension will be obtained by backfilling, enclosed and supported by precast concrete caissons. Several multi-storey buildings will then be constructed in this area and supported by piled raft foundations. The understanding of the local site-city effect requires a sensibility dynamic non-linear analysis in the three families of simulation: dynamic soil-caisson analysis, dynamic soil-piles-caissons analysis and dynamic soilpiles-caissons-buildings analysis. Indeed, the kinematic interaction is modified by the presence of the piles and the caissons leading to define a new spectral response of the site for the seismic building design. Moreover, the inertial interaction effect of the superstructures can influence the piles and the caissons response. The soil lateral pressures acting on the caissons depend also on the kinematic and the inertial interactions due the secondary waves generated by the buildings/piles motions. In return, the sliding and the rocking motions of the caissons can modify the soil-piles-building responses. All these effects were studied by carrying out a series of 2D dynamic analyses in the time domain, using Zsoil Finite Element (FE) code. One of the features of this 2D modeling is the non-linear soil behavior simulated through the Hardening Soil model, capable of describing the cyclic response of the material at different strain levels. In addition, the radiation damping is modeled by decomposing the global domain in two free-field and near field sub-domains, leading to a very high computational demand.


William Parsons, 3rd Earl of Rosse, was an ingenious amateur astronomer. His son Charles invented the steam turbine and founded an optical industry.


The increased realization in greenhouse emission has encouraged to grow new technologies to accommodate the confinement and seizure of CO2. Keeping this situation, the thermal behaviour of lignite, Rice husk, besides their mergers throughout pyrolysis and combustion procedures, was examined in the study for their possible usage as a sustainable and substitute energy resource. The experiments were done in a thermo-gravimetric analyser at a heating rate of 40 °C/min and range from standard room-temp up to 950°C. These blends presented diverse ignition as well as combustion actions dependent on the proportion of rice husk and atmosphere (Oxy-fuel or Nitrogen). These investigational outcomes support to describe as well as expect the performance of lignite and rice husk blends in real applications.


The solid state lighting apparatus and associated method for producing disclosed herein. In one embodiment, a solid state lighting device comprises a light emitting diode, the light emitting diode having an N-type gallium nitride (GaN) material, the N-type GaN material with spaced-apart P-type GaN material and direct the N indium gallium nitride (InGaN) material between the material and the P-type GaN-type GaN material. The N-type GaN, InGaN and GaN P-type material having at least one non-planar surface.


Boris Boubacar Diop: Thank you Professor Zegeye, thank you Véronique. It is customary, where I come from, to open a meeting such as the one we are about to have by saying: 'I greet each of you by your name and first name'. In Wolof, this expression is very beautiful. It also establishes a special link between the orator and each person in the audience. The passage fromMurambi, le livre des ossements [Murambi, the book of bones ] which we have just listened to corroborates what I observed in Rwanda. At the end of the novel one of its characters says more or less the following: 'I am a true Rwandan: both innocent and culpable'. The book itself is conceptualised in such a way that it appears seamless. What I mean by this is that the different chapters are not necessarily linked to each other, each one having, without this necessarily being true in every case, a meaning which is more or less independent of the others. What I realised, and Véronique probably did too as we were in Rwanda together, is that, although genocide is a collective tragedy, each person experienced that tragedy very differently. When we look beyond the cries of hate and terror, beyond the general confusion, each person is absolutely alone. This book marks an important step in my own journey as it was necessary for me to go to Rwanda before I could properly understand the role and responsibilities of the writer, whether that writer was African or not. Rwanda is a small African country where, over a period of three months – every single day, without interruption – 10,000 people were killed, the equivalent of three or four times the number of people killed at the World Trade Center. And I, a writer, a philosophy professor and a journalist, understood nothing about such an overwhelming event. Why was I so blind? – Because I had a purely abstract reading of the problems of the continent. Like many others, I considered Africa to be the heart of darkness, the privileged site of all of this violence – I am sure you are familiar with this kind of discourse which devalues the Other and in the end becomes part of one's own way of thinking. It is for this reason that, when something happens elsewhere, we simply shrug our shoulders and put it aside. We look the other way. We are embarrassed. We don't examine things more closely. What Rwanda has taught me is that every happening on the continent must have its own special reading – it has to be placed within its historical context, and the


Technical Notes This traditional blend of three classic grape varieties is designed to produce a wine with a complete palate profile. Cabernet Sauvignon is the structurally strongest variety with good flavour in the early and late part of the taste spectrum backed up by fine tannin. Merlot has less flavour persistence than Cabernet Sauvignon but has wonderful mid palate fleshiness giving a sweet fruit centre to the wine. Cabernet Franc is highly aromatic providing a very attractive addition to the bouquet as well as contributing to the flavour early in the palate profile. The 2001 growing season was outstanding throughout the SouthWest of Western Australia with virtually no summer rainfall, moderate temperatures producing fruit with full physiological ripeness, rich flavour characteristics and soft mature tannin structure. The grapes were sourced from the top three grape growing regions in Western Australia giving a complex array of regional characters; fermentation in open topped vessels with traditional pumpover cap management produced a wine with loads of fruit flavours and background tannin providing structure without astringency. Maturation in French oak barriques for 10 months adds further complexity and structure without dominating the fruit.


The research status and the future study prospect of salt lake organisms of Chinese salt lakes were elaborated in this paper.Many saline lakes occur widely in arid and semiarid areas of China,and more than half of the total


Tungsten trioxide (WO3) is a highly industrial important electrochromic compound. It was prepared onto ILFORD glass substrate by reactive RF sputtering technique. Films were deposited at different gas pressure ratios of Ar:O 2 (1:2, 1:3,1:4,1:5) in order to the energy regimes of the sputtered particles on the condensing surface. The electrical conductivity is also studied by using four-probe method. Electrical measurement shows that resistivity of films is found to decrease with increase of film thickness. The carrier concentration and mobility is also calculated by Hall Effect measurement. It proves the WO3 is an n-type semiconductor.


External spacecraft materials play an important role in satellite protection from the harsh space environment. Research has shown that the physical, chemical, and optical properties of matter change continuously as a result of exposure to solar radiation and aggressive chemical species produced in Earth's upper atmosphere. Thorough knowledge of the material properties' evolution throughout a planned mission lifetime helps to improve the reliability of spacecraft. Moreover, the establishment of correlation factors between true space exposure and accelerated space weather experiments at ground facilities enables accurate prediction of on-orbit material performance based on laboratory-based testing. The presented work aims to evaluate the radiation effects of a low-Earth-orbit environment, namely, exposure to the high-energy electrons and atomic oxygen (AO) of heritage and novel spacecraft material selection. The studied materials represent the "flight duplicates" of samples that are launched as a part of the 16th Materials International Space Station Experiment Flight Facility (MISSE-FF) mission in 2022.


ALTHOUGH the search for crude oil in Nigeria was initiated in 1908, active exploration for petroleum did not begin until the 1950's and did not become widespread until after the Suez Canal was nationalized in 1956. Oloibiri and Afam, the first successful oil wells in Nigeria, were located in what was then called the Eastern Region,1 and subsequent intensive activities in the exploration for and the exploitation of crude oil were concentrated east of the Niger River (Fig. 1).2 Although discoveries of crude oil had been made since 1958 in the MidWestern State, west of the Niger River, commercial production did not commerce there until 1965. Prior to that date, the then Eastern Region was the only area of commercial crude-oil production in Nigeria. A major problem associated with the commercial exploitation of crude oil in the Mid-Western State was transportation from inland oil fields to coastal terminals. The 140-mile-long TransNiger Pipeline, which was completed in 1965 by the Shell-BP Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria Limited, provided a temporary solution.3 The pipeline linked the Mid-Western State oil fields with the crude-oil export port at Bonny (Fig. 1) and thus enabled the state to embark on commercial crude-oil production at Ughelli, Kokori, Eriemu, Olomoro, and Uzere. In March of the same year another oil company began commercial production in the Okan oil field (Fig. 1), located offshore along the coast of the Mid-Western State. By the end of the first quarter of 1965, the


In recent years, a convergence between the fields of computer graphics and computer vision has been observed [1]. This convergence has been motivated by the idea to create photorealistic visualizations of realworld scenes in a computer not by designing models of shape and appearance, but by reconstructing these models from photographic or video data of the real world. From the consumer's point of view, up to now video has been a two-dimensional medium. The viewpoint onto a motion picture or a TV broadcast coincides with the viewpoint of the recording image sensor, which cannot be altered by the viewer. Recent technological advancements, such as the advent of novel high-resolution video cameras with high dynamic range, improvements in data storage and transmission technology, as well as the presence of specialized graphics hardware even in consumer-grade electronics, make it seam feasible to lift the medium video onto a novel, an immersive level. The goal of free viewpoint video is to enable the choice of an arbitrary viewpoint onto a dynamic scene, thereby creating a feeling of immersion into the event. Interactive free-viewpoint video and 3D TV will spawn a multitude of novel applications in visual media. To mention only a few, interactive motion pictures will become feasible, and not only to the viewer during a sports broadcast, but also to the coach during his analysis of an athlete's performance. All will profit from the possibility to look at the event from a novel perspective. Researchers that aim at setting the path for this new technology are facing a sea of algorithmic and technological challenges, the majority of which are still to be solved. One of the key issues involved is the acquisition, which typically involves recording a multitude of synchronized video streams, making necessary an advanced multi-camera recording environment that can process the large amount of image data. Furthermore, the algorithmic core of 3D video is formed by methods for the reconstruction of shape and appearance models of real-world scenes from video data and algorithms for rendering them in real time. Finally, efficient encoding of the immersive video is a precondition for real-time broadcasting and on-disc delivery. In the Computer Graphics Group and the Graphics-Optics-Vision Group at the MaxPlanck-Institut für Informatik (http://www.mpi-sb.mpg.de) in Saarbrücken, Germany, we investigate the algorithmic ingredients of free viewpoint video. Human actors are the central elements of motion picture scenes and the human visual system is highly sensitive to even slight inaccuracies in a human's motion and look. In consequence, the synthesis of realistic images of humans in motion is a challenging problem.Two aspects of this problem are the creation of natural human motion and the accurate rendering of a person's physical appearance. We have developed a system that acquires both, the large-scale motion of the human body as well as its appearance down to the level of skin details and cloth movement [2]. We employ a marker-free optical motion capture approach from multiple video streams to estimate the parameters of motion of a kinematic body model. Time-varying multi-view surface textures are created from the video frames.


In August 2009 the fourteenth International Congress for Neo-Latin Studies was held in Uppsala, Sweden. The proceedings in this volume, ninety-nine individual and five plenary papers, are collected under the motto "Litteras et artes nobis traditas excolere – Reception and Innovation".


The scaling exponents of interface width and coarsening of evaporated gold films with thickness from 30 to 1800 nm were obtained from two-dimensional measurements on scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) images and are presented here. The lateral size of protrusion on the surface of the films increases with a constant scaling exponent n≈1/3. The interface width grows in two stages. The final stage starts at ≈60 nm and corresponds to a time scaling exponent of β≈1/3 with a constant slope morphology. Scaling exponents are compared with those from models for high thickness epitaxial growth and for polycrystalline film growth, all predict a constant slope morphology. To help the choice among the three compatible models, STM results are compared with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images where low contrast structures can be observed on large crystalline plates. As a result it may be interpreted that the structures observed correspond either to a mound growth or to an array of columns with low grain bound...


Power transmission shafts are commonly joined together by bonding flanges which are attached with keys and splines using nuts and bolts. However, in this flange type coupling, the flange is considerably larger than the dimensions of the shaft so the volume occupied by the joint zone is significant and the increase in weight is also marked. In addition, there are several problems; for example, stress concentration occurs at the spline zone during shaft rotation. A solution to this problem might be the practical application of an adhesive shaft joint; by this means the volume of the bonded zone and the increase in the weight can be negligible and a power transmission device can be miniaturised. Furthermore, adhesion is surface bonding, so relief of stress concentrations would be expected. In addition, many more advantages are expected, such as comparatively easy bonding of shafts of dissimilar materials, including for example, shafts of metal and composite material. The inner circumferential surface of the outer hollow shaft is adhered to the outer circumferential surface of the inner shaft so, by lengthening the overlap length, the adhesively bonded lap shaft joint can achieve far greater adhesive area than the adhesively bonded butt shaft joint. Furthermore, if by any chance bond fracture should occur, an adhesively bonded butt shaft joint fractures immediately but an adhesively bonded lap shaft joint has a low risk of causing damage to the surrounding structural zone due to the interference fit. In this report the stress and strain distributions in adhesive lap joints of hollow shafts, which are subjected to torsional momentum and where the dimensions and the material vary, were closely analysed using the threedimensional axisymmetric theory of elasticity; it was assumed that the torsional momentum is the principal load for a power transmission shaft and consideration was given to general characteristics of the shaft material and the requirement for light weight. In particular, the joint strength is greatly affected by stress behaviour at the interface, so the stress distribution at the interface of the adhesive layer and the inner or outer hollow shaft was investigated in detail. Consequently, the numerical calculation of the stress distribution was carried out, based upon analysis, both for cases where aluminium alloy was employed as the shaft materials and for a combination of dissimilar materials of aluminium alloy and steel. The torsional strength of hollow shaft adhesive lap joints was examined from the results thus obtained.


A precise and efficient,energy-saving solution of controlling engine room's temperature was presented based on SCM C8051F340.According to the collected real-time data of the room's temperature and humidity,intelligent control of the radiator and air conditioning has been implemented.The temperature and humidity of engine room is totally under control and it guarantees the normal operation of the machine as well as safety of engine room.This solution,with some innovative and utility value,makes up for shortcomings of the traditional engine room monitoring unattended system in energy-saving aspect.


Pollution harness of industry power mainly depends on high-accuracy harmonic signal detection. In this paper digital filtering technology and instantaneous reactive power theory are used to detect power harmonic signal and the main motive is to reduce the computation amount. A low-pass filter with Butterworth style is designed and its effectiveness to detect the second-order harmonic wave is shown by numerical simulation.


Wedding is one of the most attractive package at Waka Gangga Resort. The package developed to increase varieties of activities and income arised from the stay. Wedding package combined room, venue, food and beverage, activities, and other supporting content offered to direct customer, travel agent, and wedding organizer. Prospect of the wedding package tend to couple, family, and small group that compromise the capacity can be host by Waka Gangga Resort. As a tourism product, wedding package can be viewed as commodification of culture, but its religiousness remain unchanged. For Waka Gangga, wedding is still become interesting market to develop in order to increase occupancy and revenue. Key words: Wedding Package, Commodification, Waka Gangga Resort, Small Hotel


Introduction: The oxidation/reduction (redox) chemistry of blood during resuscitation is not well defined. Improved understanding of whole blood redox behavior would assist in developing better res...


Analysis on the mechanical properties and economy about square crossing girder with wide span,determine the floor program after considering the combination factors,discussed on some aspects of easily lead to construction quality and provide the corresponding measures.


© 2007 The Authors Journal compilation © 2007 Blackwell Publishing Ltd, Clinical Endocrinology , 66 , 602–605 of aldosterone to its usual trophins. The complete loss of aldosterone production seen in examples of gross 11 β -hydroxylase deficiency is probably secondary to the marked over production of deoxycorticosterone that leads to independent mineralocorticoid action of this hormone with secondary suppression of the renin/angiotensin/ aldosterone axis. In conclusion, we describe a novel splice-site mutation in CYP11B1 that results in partial 11 β -hydroxylase deficiency manifested as XX masculinization when combined with the Q356X mutation.


This study focuses on quantifying urban land cover using a combination of temporal analysis of high-resolution multi-spectral aerial imagery with Geographic information system {GIS} data for the Tucson Metropolitan Region between 1998 and 2010.


In this paper,the phenomena that the Chinese martial arts is losing its market while the Taekwondo becomes more and more popular around the world are analyzed using documentary data analysis and comparison in view of technical movements and social factors.Some suggestions for the popularization of the Chinese martial arts are presented.A key step in popularizing the Chinese martial arts is to make it an important part of of school education programme.


Pasmid pIG121Hm containing report gene gus A and plant-selected gene npt-II was introduced into tobacco'Basma' via the pollen-tube pathway at different time with different concentration by different ways. Seeds were harvested and screened in 50#mu#g/ml kanamycine solution. Highest ration(23.5%) of gene transformation was discovered when 500#mu#g/ml plasmid pIG121Hm was introduced into ovary for 10 hours after pollination by injection.


A sound understanding of contaminant source is an excellent outcome of well regulated sampling strategy and analytical analysis. There is also a need to make use of critical technique as well as multiple methods in identifying and mapping contaminant sources in environmental forensic investigations for a complex system, such as community surrounding mining and mineral processing facilities. This study set an example of air-dust pathway near a historical lead mining and mineral processing facility. Samples were collected from potential emission points. A systemic calculation on total elemental concentration was made to help an overall view of spatial distribution across the community. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) as a key technique was implemented to the air particulate samples in this area for the first time to promote better understanding of materials. Morphology and elemental information on particulates by using SEM-EDS gave a clear distinction between source and environmental receptor samples. Characterisation of different group of samples, such as mining, mineral processing, and natural mineralization sources, will be clustered by the comparison. Finally, possible identified lead source via air-dust pathway are discussed.


This document summarizes the event model definition and a test thereof for common data acquisition (DAQ) and data quality monitoring (DQM). The event model is based in the EUDAQ [1] DAQ framework (MS46) [2]. The standards and more technical details will be detailed in the deliverable report D5.3. and references therein. A broad consultation among detector groups of the linear collider (LC) community and the large hadron collider (LHC) community has was undertaken for the convergence to one model. At the same time, intense communication within groups developing online DQM tools has been carried out. In this document, we present a general event model and successful test case driven by WP5. ONLINE EVENT DATA MODEL AVAILABLE Milestone: MS47


Abstract Recent studies have reported specific executive and attentional deficits in preterm children. However, the majority of this research has used multidetermined tasks to assess these abilities, and the interpretation of the results lacks an explicit theoretical backdrop to better understand the origin of the difficulties observed. In the present study, we used the Child Attention Network Task (Child ANT; Rueda et al. 2004) to assess the efficiency of the alerting, orienting and executive control networks. We compared the performance of 25 preterm children (gestational age ≤ 32 weeks) to 25 full-term children, all between 5½ and 6½ years of age. Results showed that, as compared to full-term children, preterm children were slower on all conditions of the Child ANT and had a specific deficit in executive control abilities. We also observed a significantly higher correlation between the orienting and executive control networks in the preterm group, suggesting less differentiation of these two networks in this population. (JINS, 2010, 16, 130–137.)


WhatsApp groups on the knowledge and attitudes of youth groups in dealing with the tsunami disaster in the Tanah Lot coast. Pre-experimental research was conducted on 39 members of the youth organization in Beraban village, Kediri district, Tabanan. Before treatment knowledge, most of the community the level of knowledge and attitudes of the youth groups was measured using a knowledge and attitude questionnairein dealing with the tsunami disaster which was filled out via google form ànd distributed via whatsapp group. The result of this research indicate that most of them are male,namely51,3% and most of the respondents are 18 years old,which is 92,3%. Male respondents were 51,3% and 92,3% of respondents were 18 years old. Most (61,5%) of the respondents had a level knowledge and attitude with less qualifications in dealing with the tsunami disaster and after treatment most (59%) became good qualifications. Based in the paired t-test, it was concluded that there was significant increase (sig. =0.00) on the level of knowledge and attitudes of youth groups in dealing with the tsunami disaster on the Tanah Lot coast after being given health education through WhatsApp Group for one month.


SUMMARY Thefrequency andantigen-bearing characteristics ofdendritic cells (DC)within draining lymph nodes havebeenexamined during antigenic competition incontact sensitivity. Pre-exposure ofmice tooxazolone on theflank resulted inamarkeddepression ofsubsequent fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-induced lymphnodecell (LNC)proliferation. Antigenic competition was associated withan increased frequency ofDC inthedraining lymphnodes, butalsowith areduced amountofantigen percell. Thus, at24hrthedraining nodesofFITC-challenged micepreviously exposed tooxazolone exhibited an increased numberofDC compared withcontrol animals. Flowcytometric analysis revealed, however, thatthepercentage ofantigen-bearing DC was reduced andthatthemedian amountofantigen borne byDC was lower. Since exposuretooxazolone caused asignificant increase inthefrequency ofDC indistant nodes, thechanges observed inantigenic competition may,atleast inpart, beattributable tosystemic effects on DC migration following application ofthefirst antigen. Thesedataindicate thatthereduced primary proliferative responsewhichcharacterizes antigenic competition incontactsensitivity isassociated with, andmay result from,induced changes in dendritic cell behaviour.


With increase in advanced metering infrastructure and sensor systems there is increase in data collection. It is hard to handle a large amount of data and assure the quality of data. Good quality of data is essential in power system before taking decision. So data must be cleaned and filtered before operator takes any decision from the data. Otherwise it will cause hazardous condition if poor quality of data affects decision making without knowledge of operator. Bad Data detection and data cleaning is helpful to get over this risk. With use of MATLAB Bad Data can be easily detected. Bad Data can be also removed and Data filtering as well as Data smoothing is also possible. Data smoothing is necessary for some application ex. Load forecasting in power system. Here it is obtained by using Statistical techniques such as OWA (Optimally Weighted Average) and MA (Moving Average).


This research aims to study and discuss about factors that led crab exports from Indonesia to United State of America declined. Crab exports from Indonesia to United State of America were expected could give big contribution for foreign exchange and tighten Indonesian economic relation between Indonesia and United State of America. Some of the factors that led to exports decline of crab from Indonesia to U.S come from the internal and the external factors.This study uses analysis level of the stated that focus on crab exports from Indonesia to U.S decrease factors. This study also uses liberal perfective and International trade theory from Ricardo and Porter. Crab exports that experience obstacles from U.S made Indonesia had to fix their system. This case caused Indonesian marine sector decreasing.Crab exports from Indonesia to U.S experienced decreasing almost every year, especially in 2009. The external factors are the crisis that happened in U.S and the refusal to Indonesian fishery products, particularly the crabs. The internal factors are lack of attention from the government for crab cultivation development. Indonesia still rely on the catch of fisherman. The other internal factor is there are exploitations to the crab spawn.


ABSTRACT This study looks at a case study research on a language awareness workshop in a New York public school with a dual language (Spanish/English) program. A learner-centred lesson, taught in Spanish, focused on basic personal information exchanges for in-service teachers who taught only in English and who had some limited knowledge of Spanish. The instructors' charge was to teach participants how to exchange basic personal information in Spanish. Working from a cultural historical activity theory perspective, the interactions that took place in a videotaped session were analysed, using tools from discourse analysis, conversation analysis, and linguistics. The focus was set on the interactions of the instructors with one of the teachers in the workshop to examine how she moved from resisting a new language to embracing an understanding of the role of a new language in learning by paying attention to the dynamics of identity production. By exploring moment-to-moment identity moves and moves across time, the authors identified learning actions leading to the potential of expansive learning and suggesting enhancement of the concept of experiencing (Sannino, 2010) by examining the production of the teacher's identity.


With the international standard strain of the Mycoplasma ovine Pnuemoniae—Y-98 strain being cultured in bulk to prepare the all-cell antigen,which was applied as coating antigen,the indirect ELISA for detection the antibody against the MoP was established.The sera investigation was made in four different site with the above ELISA,and the results demonstrated that the positive ratio was 90%,70%,83.3% and 73.9% respectively.Compared with the IHA and the direct culture method,the indirect ELISA was more specific and more sensitive,which was of great significance to the diagnosis and the vaccination of the disease.


Data from numerical simulations of free convection in the ocean with rotation are used to explore the validity of the Millionshchikov quasi‐normality hypothesis. The parameterizations of fourth‐order moments according to a universal model proposed by Gryanik et al. are found to be far more accurate than their corresponding Gaussian parameterizations, which are based on the Millionshchikov hypothesis. The universal model is marginally improved by fitting the model parameters to the data. The present results extend previous results that discuss shallow convection in the planetary boundary layer to rotationally controlled deep convection.


An improved aqueous impregnation method was used to prepare 40 wt% Pt/C electrocatalysts. TEM analysis of the samples showed that the Pt particles impregnated for a short time have a very narrow size distribution in the range of 1–4 nm with an average size of 2.6 nm. UV-vis spectroscopy measurements verified that the redox reaction between PtCl62− and formaldehyde took place with a slow rate at ambient temperature via a two-step reaction path, where PtCl42− serves as an intermediate. The use of the short-time-impregnated 40 wt% Pt/C as cathode electrocatalysts in direct methanol fuel cells yields better performance than that of commercial 40 wt% Pt/C electrocatalyst. Experimental evidence provides clues for the fundamental understanding of elementary steps of the redox reactions, which helps in guiding the design and preparation of highly dispersed Pt catalyst for fuel cells.


This article reviews the phenomenon of monozygosity by conducting an exhaustive literature review of this special type of twin pregnancies. An epidemiological update is presented showing the substantial contribution to perinatal morbidity and mortality as well as the increasing incidence associated with assisted reproductive techniques. Molecular mechanisms of zygosity and chorionicity are explored and the processes that lead to differences in monozygotic twin pairs are identified. A diagnostic sequence is proposed considering the modifications relative to singleton pregnancies as well as the pathology unique to this pregnancy type.


This study investigated the role of spirituality in working Christian mothers coping with tension due to interrole conflict, in light of past research suggesting a relationship between spirituality and coping constructs. Interviews with 32 mothers working in Christian academia were examined using a post hoc analysis of content informed by principles of grounded theory (Strauss & Corbin, 1998). Several aspects of a sense of calling emerged that appeared related to the experience of interrole tension: a sense of certitude, collaboration, and a context of purpose. It was theorized that for these women, the sanctification of work, through experiencing a sense of calling, was related to coping with interrole tension.


Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of a mixture of limonene and linalool was carried out with a rectification column in the semibatch operation mode. For the simple semibatch extraction where the column was controlled at the uniform temperature without an internal reflux, the Rayleigh equation, developed for the simple batch distillation, was applied to express the dynamic extraction behavior. In this paper the Peng−Robinson equation of state was used to estimate the ternary phase equilibria. The semibatch extraction with internal reflux induced by a temperature gradient of the rectification column increased the separation selectivity. The internal reflux ratio was calculated by the measurement of the extraction rates at the top and bottom of the column, and it was 7.6 for the column having a temperature gradient from 313 K at the bottom to 333 K at the top at 8.8 MPa. Behavior in the rectification column was discussed by means of estimated physical properties.


With significant benefits over many other commercialised thermal storage methods, activated carbon fiber (ACF) is believed to be among the finest biosorbents for adsorbent purposes. If correctly made, it is an outstanding mesoporous lightweight material with micropores and, in most cases, no micropores. ACF's higher bulk densities and great dynamic capacity demonstrate its value and are used in adsorbent technologies. The present study's primary goal is to create active carbon fiber from organic hemp fiber. The following parameters were selected: (i) activating temperatures, (ii) activating timing, (iii) carbonization temperature, (iv) activating ingredient %ages, and (v) speed of activation temperature, all with four levels to achieve the goal. Taguchi optimization techniques were used to optimize the adsorbent characteristics. The current study used an L16 orthogonal array to accomplish that improvement. According to the previous Taguchi, the optimal conditions were 300°C combustions, insemination with 22.5%

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 K2HPO4 solution, and activating at 800°C for 3 hours at 20°C/min. The greatest contribution is 54.75%, followed by the rate of temperature activation at 23.35%, carbonated temperature at 10.14%, duration of stimulation at 8.82%, and H3PO4 concentrations at 2.94%. The results show that the activation temperature and rate of the temperature of activations are the essential elements in the current study's accomplishment of the best adsorption capacities.


The systems known as Enterprise Resource Planning have currently received a great attention from the companies in the Brazilian market. Such systems are an evolution of MRP (Material Requirement Planning) and MRP II (Manufacturin g Resource Planning), and have the objective of integrating all the processes of a company. They are didactically and commercially divided into modules. When these modules are integrated, they incorporate the processes.


IN 1964 Stephen Neill drew the attention of NT scholars to the importance of James Barr's The Semantics of Biblical Language, commenting: '.. a large stone was thrown ... into the calm pool of Biblical studies'. What Barr had done, among other things, was to question the word-centred approach to the interpretation of the biblical text, an approach which had tended to dominate Bible exegesis through the nineteenth and twentieth centuries to that point. At the same time a not unrelated revolution was


Provided by a clockspring connector having a housing formed in the capsule, further comprising a carrier member, the carrier member has a first roller ring may be engaged with the first bend of the first turn of the flat cable, there may be a second roller a second flat cable and a second curved engagement of the swivel, wherein the first and second flat cables can be alternately coiled into a circle, the inner diameter of the stitch locations adjacent the hub of the capsule or the capsule adjacent the housing wall outer diameter end.


The level of uncertainty and pace of change in business environments is posing challenges for firms. The developed economies have transformed from the industrial era to the knowledge and service era, while emerging economies thrive with industrial growth. This poses the question of what the key drivers of corporate success are and how far they are different from the old earnings logic. We will focus on one special value-creating resource or capability, namely strategic planning. We empirically examine the performance consequences of strategic planning to determine in what contexts it pays off particularly well. We use data from a large-scale survey of about 2,500 organisations from developed and emerging countries. The survey responses represent a variety of industries from manufacturing to services. The analysis is based on general linear models, and the findings show significant performance differences across countries, industries, and firm size - with strategic planning explaining performance much better than any contextual characteristics.


The epidemics of tuberculosis (TB) and HIV are closely linked, as HIV infection is the main risk factor for progression from latent TB infection to active TB disease [1]. Globally, 11% of the 10.4 million new TB cases in 2015 were HIV-infected, and 22% of the 1.8 million TB deaths were among HIV-infected patients [2]. Despite all efforts made by collaborative TB/HIV programmes, less than half of all TB patients worldwide are estimated to be tested for HIV infection [2, 3]. Only 19 of the 31 countries, representing a third of all TB patients in the European Union (EU) and European Economic Area (EEA), report HIV status, with 67.6% of patients in these countries having a known HIV status [4]. Better information on the burden of TB/HIV co-infections will aid the planning and evaluation of TB/HIV prevention and control activities in various countries [5–8]. Few HIV-co-infected TB patients are missed despite suboptimal testing and reporting in the Netherlands http://ow.ly/VT9230fPJpi


Today's new student hires require less technology training in order to answer many 1st level helpdesk calls. However, we found that an increasing number of new student hires lacked exposure in proper customer service and professional communication. This observation led us to introduce customer service training for our new hires. This allowed us to achieve two goals. First, we improved the Helpdesk experience for our end users. Second, we improved our student employee's soft skills to help them succeed in their first post-college professional job. Training initially focused on professional work etiquette, active listening, and traditional customer service skills for a three-hour training session. Though we saw an improvement in service performance, our satisfaction feedback from campus surveys showed only a marginal increase. Additionally, our student employees struggled with what they considered a "forced enthusiasm" that did not feel natural to them More recently we added four additional themes to our training: empathy, patience, clarity, and positivity. Using a combination of videos, real-life examples, and training exercises, we encourage our students to practice these skills and build their comfort level when interacting with others. By teaching our students exercises in natural communication, empathy, and situational conversation, we hope to observe a more substantial increase in customer satisfaction and improved student employee job satisfaction.


Simple Summary The post-surgical treatment of atypical meningiomas is controversial in cases with gross total resection, because one out of two patients develops disease recurrence at five years. Factors able to predict the risk of recurrence may be useful in selecting patients who require adjuvant treatment. In this study, we analyzed the molecular alterations of 22 atypical meningiomas undergoing complete surgical resection and their statistical correlation with the risk of recurrence. The loss of one copy of chromosome 18q and the loss of both copies of CDKN2A/B gene were significantly associated with a shorter time to recurrence. Therefore, we suggest that atypical meningiomas could be tested routinely for these genetic alterations to identify cases for adjuvant treatment. Abstract The use of adjuvant therapy is controversial in atypical meningiomas with gross total resection. Predictors of recurrence risk could be useful in selecting patients for additional treatments. The aim of this study was to investigate whether molecular features are associated with recurrence risk of atypical meningiomas. According to WHO classification, the diagnosis of atypical meningioma was based on the presence of one major criteria (mitotic activity, brain invasion) or three or more minor criteria. The molecular profile of 22 cases (eight mitotically active, eight brain-invasive, and six with minor criteria) was assessed exploring the mutational status and copy number variation of 409 genes using next generation sequencing. Of the 22 patients with a median follow up of 53.5 months, 13 had recurrence of disease within 68 months. NF2 mutation was the only recurrent alteration (11/22) and was unrelated to clinical-pathological features. Recurring meningiomas featured a significantly higher proportion of copy number losses than non-recurring ones (p = 0.027). Chromosome 18q heterozygous loss or CDKN2A/B homozygous deletion was significantly associated with shorter recurrence-free survival (p = 0.008; hazard ratio: 5.3). Atypical meningiomas could be tested routinely for these genetic alterations to identify cases for adjuvant treatment.


Abnormalities of language and other forms of communication are among the significant characteristics of autistic children. The goal of the present research is to investigate and compare linguistic properties of Persian-speaking autistic children with their normal counterparts. To this aim, 10 autistic children with age 3-6 years were compared with 10 typically developing children matched on non-verbal IQ and gender. In a 30 minutes free-play session, the speech of each child was recorded and then was analyzed for the phonetic, phonological and morpho-syntactic properties. The findings of the present research showed that there was a statistically significant difference between autistic and normal children in consonant deletion, consonant substitution, the use of stress on inappropriate syllable, atypical intonation, incorrect use of grammatical tense, incorrect use of preposition, inappropriate use of plural nouns and the use of complex sentences (p 0/05). The results of this research showed that autistic children in compare to normal ones have more problems in phonetic, phonological, morphological and syntactic features of speech. Therefore, appropriate treatment programs are required to tackle these problems.


This thesis explores the role of contextual tasks in the formation of mathematical literacy of students in math lessons at school. Mathematical literacy includes not only the ability to solve mathematical problems


Polymer materials are widely used because of their unique properties such as light, easy processing, various performance and so on. However, due to the structural characteristics of polymer materials, some conditions such as light, heat, solvents and so on will cause polymer materials failure. In this paper, the typical failure modes and failure mechanism of polymer materials such as cracking, discoloration, bulging, precipitates and so on are analyzed and discussed.


Weather conditions are closely related to our lives. Traditional methods have some problems, such as small scale of weather image data set, difficult to optimize the model, and similar image factors of different weather types, which may lead to recognition errors. Therefore, this paper proposes a weather image recognition algorithm based on transfer learning and uses Xception algorithm to realize the network architecture. The Xception model was improved by adding a full connection layer, Dropout layer and Softmax layer. Combined with the functional requirements of weather image recognition, the identification of six different weather images was realized and compared with other models under the same parameter background. According to the results, the final accuracy of this method is up to 94.19%, which can effectively solve the problems of insufficient training samples and low accuracy in data sets.


Solvability in Sobolev spaces is proved and properties of solutions are investigated for the following initial boundary value problem: where is a bounded domain in with smooth boundary, and is a matrix differential operator. It is proved that under particular conditions imposed on the data of the problem and boundary operator there exists a solution , . The question of necessity of these conditions is investigated. Bibliography: 18 titles.


This article describes an approach to the design of object systems within a CIM environment. Current CIM systems are based on organisational decomposition, where software modules are developed to correspond to existing enterprise management structures. Using an object environment, enterprise resources can be presented as virtual models. This allows a functional decomposition, resulting in the requirement for a Command, Control and Communication (C3) module. In order to successfully implement an integrated enterprise environment using a resource-based architecture the consistency design principle was developed where each resource is responsible for its own actions. The C3 design resulting from this concept demonstrates generic mechanisms, configured by data, with minimum code.


The problem of determining the small-disturbance flow about two-dimensional airfoils at transonic speeds has been successfully treated by the process of matching a numerical solution of the near field to analytic expressions for the far field. The three-dimensional problem, it would appear, can be treated in a similar way with the aid of algorithms adapted to high-speed and high-capacity computers. The far-field potential for both lifting and nonlifting three-dimensional wings at transonic speeds is developed herein for a subsonic free stream. This potential could be used for a three-dimensional-wing computation similar to the computation made for the two-dimensional wing.


Risk of venous thromboembolism in pregnancy is approximately six times greater than in non-pregnant state. Symptoms of thrombophlebitis or their absence do not accurately predict the diagnosis, disease severity, or risk of embolization. Thromboembolic disorders can occur without symptoms, with only minimal symptoms, or with significant symptoms. Also, calf edema, cramping, and tenderness, which may occur normally during pregnancy, may simulate Homans' sign. It is important thereby to make a definitive diagnosis, to ensure correct treatment and because of the implications for subsequent pregnancies.


Combining with guangzhou xijiang water diversion project,introduces the difficulty of long-distance pipe-jacking construction and the corresponding technical measures;The detailed calculation of pipe-jacking jacking force and relay station design provide reference for related projects.


This paper deals with the measuring of the breakdown voltage of polymeric insulation materials stressed by high direct voltages and power-frequency high-voltages superimposed by high-frequency voltages. High-frequency highvoltage stress results in an intense heating caused by higher dielectric losses commensurate to the frequency, the permittivity and the dielectric loss factor of the materials. The raised thermal stress leads to an influence on the breakdown voltage. The aim of the paper is to make a statement regarding to the influence of superimposed high frequency voltages on dielectrics in steady state operation. The test voltages up to several 10 kV are realized by a test system consisting of an innovative high-frequency high-voltage generator combined with conventional AC- and DC-test equipment. A constant sinusoidal high-frequency voltage up to 50 kV in a frequency range from 1 kHz to 50 kHz is superimposed on a high 50 Hz alternating voltage or a high direct voltage in different ratios. The analysis of the measured breakdown voltage leads to a mathematical approach to calculate the breakdown voltages of different superimposed voltage forms.


The 741 bp coding region of polyhedrin gene (ph) was amplified from Euproctis pseudoconspersa nucleopolyhedrovirus(EupsNPV)genome and its prokaryotic expression vector pET-28-a-Ep-ph was constructed. Then the prokaryotic expression plasmid was transformed into Escherichia.coli. BL21(DE3)for expression. The expressed fusion protein was separated by SDS-PAGE and retrieved from the gel. New Zealand white rabbit was immunized with the purified fusion protein and the antiserum against ph with a titre of 6.4×104 was prepared. Western blotting indicated that the prepared polyclonal antibody was specific for polyhedrin. The EupsNPV was detected by indirect ELISA and its regression equation was obtained: y=0.4152x-0.8299 with correlation coeffient r=0.9897(P0.01). Indirect ELISA detection showed that the antibody could be used for quantitative detection of the NPV in a commercial bio-pesticide and provided an accurate and effective method for detection.


G OLD compounds have been used extensively during the last ten years in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. The results obtained in sev-eral thousands of patients have been interpreted to indicate that gold salts are beneficial. The validity of such conclusions is not always apparent from the evidence presented since the criteria' for selec-tion of patients and for evaluation of therapeutic results often are indefinitely stated and vary con- siderably with individual reports. Moreover, adequate time of observation, a prerequisite to the study of a chronic remitting disease, is frequently wanting and follow-up periods cover months rather than years. Of equal or greater importance are sat- isfactory controls which have generally been lack-ing in reports on chrysotherapy.


The purpose of this paper is to discuss the relationship between Human Resource Information System (HRIS) functions and Human Resource Management (HRM) functionalities. The theoretical framework of this paper is based on previous HRM and HRIS research where the contributing role of HRIS is measured by the compliance and application level of HRIS functions to HR functionalities. A survey questionnaire was sent to five different banks and a response rate of 61.5% was received. The target groups of the questionnaire were HR departments that include HR managers and professionals in the Jordanian banking sector. In this study, human resource information system functions were found to have a relationship with HRM functionalities. More specifically, it was found that strategic integration, forecasting and planning, human resources analysis, and communication and integration have no relationship with human resource functionalities. Whereas, it was found that performance development, knowledge management, and records and compliance as dimensions of human resources information systems have a relationship with human resources functionalities. Keywords Human Resource Management, HRM functionalities, Human Resource Information System.


An international clinical study of recombinant blood clotting factor VIII in 107 hemophiliacs indicates that the genetically engineered material is at least as effective as protein isolated from blood plasma. This result will help pave the way for approval by the Food & Drug Administration of a hemophilia therapy free of risk of contamination by AIDS or hepatitis viruses. Factor VIII is one of 17 components of the cascade of reactions that forms the insoluble, crosslinked fibrin of a blood clot. More than 10,000 Americans have such a severe inborn deficiency of factor VIII (called hemophilia A) as to need injections of it to control bleeding. A few thousand others have severe deficiency of factor IX (hemophilia B). The study [ N. Engl. J. Med. , 323 , 1800 (1990)] was done by the Recombinant Factor VIII Study Group, a consortium of 40 investigators at 19 medical centers in the U.S., Canada, England, Germany, Italy, and Japan. They ...


The purpose of this study is to evaluate the resistance to chloride ion penetration in a high performance segment. The methods of tests refer to NT Build 492 and ASTM C 1202. The variable of the tests was ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS or GGBFS) ratios, 0%, 30% and 50%.


A general algebraic condition for the functional independence of 2n-1 constants of motion of an n-dimensional maximal superintegrable Hamiltonian system has been proved for an arbitrary finite n. This makes it possible to construct, in a well-defined generic way, a normalized Nambu bracket which produces the correct Hamiltonian time evolution. Existence and explicit forms of pairwise compatible multi-Hamiltonian structures for any maximal superintegrable system have been established. The Calogero–Moser system, motion of a charged particle in a uniform perpendicular magnetic field and Smorodinsky–Winternitz potentials are considered as illustrative applications and their symmetry algebras as well as their Nambu formulations and alternative Poisson structures are presented.


Objective To explore the effects of penile erectile dysfunction (ED) on the quality of life in male renal transplant recipients.Methods 150 cases of male married recipients undergoing renal transplantation were selected randomly.The recipients were divided into ED group (n =63) and non-ED group (n =87) through the IIEF-5 score.The Short Form-36 Health Status Survey (SF-36)and Hamilton Anxiety Scale were used to compare their living quality and the state of mental health between the two groups,respectively.Results The SF-36 scores in ED group in General Health,Vitality,Social Function,Role Limitation due to Emotional Problems,Mental Health were significantly lower than those in non-ED group (P<0.05).There were 13 cases in ED group with anxiety disorders (20.6%),significantly more than in non-ED group (3.4%),P<0.05.Conclusion ED is an important influencing factor for the quality of life in male kidney transplant recipients.

Key words:
Sexual Dysfunctions; Male; Kidney transplantation; Quality of life


At least a pigment, tetrahydrofuran (THF) insoluble polyester resin A, and contains a soluble polyester resin B in THF, a toner satisfying the following requirements (1) to (3). (1) the polyester resin A, which contains an aliphatic diol having 3 to 10 carbon atoms as a constituent. (2) the polyester resin B is, as constituents, contains at least an alkylene glycol over 40 mol%. (3) differential scanning calorimetry of the toner heating the first glass transition temperature (DSC) (Tg1st) is 20 ° C. to 50 ° C..


In the information society,the information and the talent have become important resources,the economy、the technology,and the society development needs the innovation talents as well whose general quality are so nice.The paper combines the reader's information literacy education research with their practice,and describes the information literacy、 the conception of the innovation talent、the contention,their mutual relation,and the information literacy education.


We deal with the unique global strong solution or
classical solution to the Cauchy problem of the 2D Stokes
approximation equations for the compressible flows with the density
being some positive constant on the far field for arbitrarily large
initial data, which may contain vacuum states. First, we prove that
the density is bounded from above independently of time. Secondly,
we show that if the initial density contains vacuum at least at one
point, then the global strong (or classical) solution must blow up
as time goes to infinity.


The composer, John Cage wanted sounds to be nothing but themselves. Not signifiers, not representations, not components of a formal system, just sounds. Cage wanted sounds to emerge "in accordance with nature in the manner of her operation". In this, he was not evoking a romanticised, transcendental nature. Rather, he was alluding to the purposeless creativity of nature. To this end he adopted chance as a compositional tool to create music without purpose, denuded of signification and free of recognisable form. In contrast, there is nothing more purposeful, signifying and form-generating than an architectural plan. The teleological ambitions of the plan are perfectly expressed in Le Corbusier's claim that "the plan is the generator". Not only does the plan generate the specific project, it determines the very conception and limits of architecture itself. The plan is a projection into the future. Seeking to assert human agency over worldly contingency, it is the instrument of an ambition to control time and space.
The plan, thus, has much in common with the musical score. Plans and scores give the viewer oversight over the entire territory at a glance. They convert processes that are immersive and temporal into singular objects. They encourage preoccupations with concepts such as symmetry, proportion, repetition, language, narrative and formal coherence which lend themselves to transcendental significations. And yet to look at a plan and mistake it for the particular experience of an environment is not unlike looking at a score and mistaking it for the experience of listening to a performance of a piece of music.
For Cage, scores were not the drivers of the compositional process. Chance operations were the creators of scores. Sometimes elements of indeterminacy were included in the score. This permitted performer's a considerable degree of scope for interpreting the work and allowed for alternative outcomes in its performance. Thus, the score's traditional role as an instruction or definitive plan of action is undermined. There are correspondences between musicians' experimental scores and the experimental drawings of architects. Similarly, there are correlations between the roles of composers, performers and listeners in music and those of designers, contractors and users in architecture. It is therefore possible to translate ideas that originated in music into design methodologies which challenge the very basis of architecture, in the same way that John Cage challenged the traditions of Western music. This, with particular emphasis on the implications for architectural drawings, is the subject of my proposed paper.
The paper will be an explication of research into the potential architectural outcomes of design techniques based on indeterminacy and chance and which raise questions about the role of plans in the determination of architecture. Issues explored will include: plans and the experience of buildings, the primacy of the visual in architecture, the roles of intentionality and authorship, the predominance of contingency in architectural processes and the nature of architectural meaning. The paper will also touch on the correspondences of this research with ideas in contemporary literature, philosophy, and anthropology, as well as music.
Sean Griffiths is a practicing artist, architect and academic.
Sean was a founder of the art/architecture practice, FAT between 1991 and 2014. He has practiced as an artist since 2014, working on large-scale installations and public art projects. He continues to practice architecture under the name, Modern Architect. Sean is Professor of Architecture at the University of Westminster in London where he researches the use of "Chance Operations" as design tools. He is also a Visiting Professor of Architectural Design at Yale University.
References
Benjamin, Walter. The Work of Art in the age of Mechanical Reproduction (from, 'Illuminations', Schocken Books 1968).
Brassier, Ray. Nihil Unbound, Enlightenment and Extinction (Palgrave MacMillan, 2007).
Cage, John. Silence (Marion Byers, 2011).
Deleuze, Gilles, and Felix Guattari. "The Smooth and the Striated" (from, 'A Thousand Plateaus', Althone 1988).
Ingold, Tim. Lines (Routledge, 2007).
Joseph, Brandon W. Experimentations, John Cage in Music, Art and Architecture (Bloomsbury Academic 2016).
Kotz, Liz. "Post Cagean Aesthetics and the Event Score" (2001) (from 'October Files, John Cage', ed. Julia Robinson, MIT 2011).
Manalopouluo, Yeoryia. Architectures of Chance (Ashgate, 2013).
McLuhan, Marshall. Understanding Media (Routledge, 1994).
Wilhelm, Richard, trans. I Ching. (Penguin, 2003).


This article discusses what e-commerce marketing is and how it works. E-commerce marketing is a form of internet marketing that makes use of websites to conduct business or promote online merchandise purchases. Although the presence of e-commerce has a number of benefits, it still has a number of drawbacks, namely. The terms e-company and e-commerce refer to business activities conducted across the internet. Via e-commerce, everybody on Earth has the same prospects and chances to compete and prosper in cyberspace industry. The rapid advancement in technology in the 1990s resulted in the proliferation of e-commerce technologies from numerous businesses, culminating in the commercialization of the Internet and the emergence of dot-com firms, or Internet start-ups.


This chapter focused on exploring the engagement in which consumers interact with each other while conducting online shopping activities, such as discovering products, sharing product information, and/or collaboratively making shopping decisions. At the core of the product/service offering, successful shopping models will be able to meet the needs of highly engaged shoppers. In order to develop sustainable shopping model for this group of shoppers, social support theory could explain the current phenomenon of the use of social media for shopping. The social media technologies facilitated collaborative learning and collaborative improvement on the sale of unconventional and innovative products. The chapter contributes in social commerce innovations and provides managerial implications for understanding the overall interactions of social commerce.


It is a topic that has been debated for years: Is it useful to include assessment of personal qualities in the selection procedure for future health professionals? It is widely acknowledged, indeed axiomatic, that doctors and other health care workers need attributes additional to academic ability to perform competently and professionally. However, there has been a great reluctance to include serious assessment of anything other than academic scores or cognitive skills into selection procedures either at undergraduate level for entry to medical school, or when graduates are being chosen for specialist training positions. Even assessment of communication skills, a fundamental requirement of all potential health care professionals, is typically not included as part of the selection procedure for health professional programmes other than medicine. And even interviews, which are perhaps the best way to measure communication skills, are not universally conducted. At least one medical school in very recent years has abandoned the interview as a component of its student selection procedure (Wilkinson et al. 2008). What are the reasons? There appear to be many. Firstly, it is suggested that the necessary personal qualities can be taught during the course of studies – indeed this is a primary purpose of undergraduate education. It may be true that some skills in the interpersonal domain can be taught. However, it must be acknowledged that an individual's basic personality and value system must have an important bearing on the success of such educational interventions. The study published in the current issue of Medical Teacher gives considerable insight. Matveevskii and Merlo (2009) showed that residents in an anaesthesiology training programme rated by their mentors as high achieving could be differentiated on the basis of the presence of desirable personal qualities, such as cooperation, self-efficacy and adventurousness. They also had lower scores – compared to their lesser rated peers – on measures of neuroticism, anger and vulnerability. Interestingly, according to an earlier report, anaesthesiology trainees identified as more competent did not differ from their peers on test scores, grade point average or class rank (Baker et al. 1993), and the present study reports no difference between the high- and low-achieving residents in terms of their fine motor dexterity, executive functioning, processing speed or sustained attention, i.e. their cognitive and psychomotor skills; the difference lies in the non-cognitive domain. The authors of the study provide a compelling argument in favour of measuring a spectrum of personal qualities to reduce the presence of unsuitable individuals who 'may ... be more likely to contribute to critical incidents during clinical care or to cause other problems within the training programme'. The second reason often given, particularly by medical schools, for non-adoption of measures other than academic scores at the point of selection is centred on the proposition that 'medicine is a broad church' and that there is a potential niche for anyone who has the academic ability to graduate from a medical school programme. It is true that there is a very wide range of specialties in the health care domain, but most would acknowledge that all health professionals must possess a basic, generic range of personal qualities that includes good communication and interpersonal skills, personal reliability and conscientiousness, emotional stability, robust mental health and high ethical standards. Accordingly it would seem reasonable to measure these qualities at the point of selection and use the information for making admissions decisions.


Large transient grid voltage unbalance will result in deterioration of the doubly-fed induction generators(DFIGs) by introducing over current of rotor side converter(RSC) and double frequency oscillation in dc link voltage and electromagnetic torque. The rotor current controller with the conventional reduced DFIG model, which does not take into account the stator flux transients, could not obtain good performance during the large transients. This paper presents an improved rotor current control scheme for a DFIG system suitable for studying conditions with transient grid voltage unbalance. The model designed takes into account the stator flux transients and provides complete decoupling control, mainly introduced in the rotor voltage equation. To verify the correctness and effectiveness of the new control design, simulated results on a 1.5MW practical DFIG-based wind power generation system are presented and compared with those using the conventional dual PI rotor current scheme.


In this paper we describe a system whose purpose is to help establish a valid set of roles and role hierarchies with assigned users and associated permissions. We have designed and implemented the system, called RA system, which enables role administrators to build and configure various components of a role-based access control (RBAC) model, thereby making it possible to lay a foundation for role-based authorization infrastructures. Three methodological constituents for our purpose are introduced, together with the design and implementation issues. The system has a role-centric view for easily managing constrained roles as well as assigned users and permissions. An LDAP-accessible directory service was used for a role database. We show that the system can be seamlessly integrated with an existing privilege-based authorization infrastructure. We finally discuss our plans for future development of the system.


Objective To summarize the therapeutic effect of surgical direct decompression treatment for cervical spinal cord injury without fracture or dislocation and the choice of operative modus.Methods Thirty-one patients with cervical spinal cord injury without fracture or dislocation were treated by surgical direct decompression,23 males and 8 females,aged from 18 to 71 years old averaged 56.5 years old;pathology fundament:3 with inborn cervical spinal stenosis,11 with degenerative cervical spinal stenosis,5 with acute cervical intervertebral disk hernia,3 with ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament,3 with cervical instability,1 with ossification of the yellow ligament,2 with acute cervical intervertebral disk hernia and spinal stenosis,3 with cervical instability and spinal stenosis.According to spinal cord fuction scoring system of Japanese Orthopaedics Association,the score was from 0 to 8,the average score was 4.5.Under the premise of effective vital sign,according to different pathology fundament.Patients were treated by anterior decompression fusion,posterior laminoplasty,posterior laminoplasty and anterior decompression fusion,posterior laminoplasty and lateral mass screw fixation.the improvement of nerve fuction was observed.Results All patients pulled through the period time of operation securely and were followed up from 8 months to 55 months,average 38.6 months.At the latest followed-up time,the score of JOA was from 9 to 17,the average score was 13.2 nerve improvement rate was 64.4%,fineness rate was 79.8%.Conclusion Direct decompression treatment for cervical spinal cord injury without fracture or dislocation was undertaken according to diffent pathology fundament,which could gain good nerve function improvement


On January 14, 2016 an avalanche occurred on the Football Field of Saddle Peak in Southwest Montana. Saddle Peak is a backcountry slope, located immediately adjacent to the Bridger Bowl Ski Area boundary and accessed from the Bridger Bowl Schlassmans Lift. A time-lapse digital SLR camera mounted on an unused gun platform with a clear view of Saddle Peak captured the avalanche. Diana Saly (researcher) and Doug Richmond (Bridger Bowl Patrol Director) met at the gun platform where Richmond was initiating and coordinating the response. The team reviewed the images and assessed skier involvement within minutes of the event. Two skiers were photographed in close proximity to the avalanche during release and resulting avalanche. Both skiers were photographed returning to the ski area boundary following the avalanche and confirmed as not involved. A short video (2 min) was developed to document the January 2016 event and demonstrate the value of this technology for rescue and emergency situations. The data also provides an opportunity to document terrain use in different snowpack and avalanche conditions by travelers in easily accessed back country terrain.


We analyze the effects of sp2/sp3 bond aspect ratio on the transport properties of amorphous carbon quasi-1D structures where structural disorder varies in a very non-linear manner with the effective band gap. Using a tight-binding approach the calculated electron transmission showed a high probability over a wide region around the Fermi level for sp2-rich carbon and also distinct peaks close to the band edges for sp3-rich carbon structures. This model shows a sharp rise of the structure resistance with the increase of sp3-C % followed by saturation in the wide band gap regime for carbon superlattice-like structures and suggests the tuneable characteristic time of carbon-based devices.


Abstract : During May and June 1973, water samples were collected from the distributary channels and nearshore waters of the Colville River delta, Alaska, in order to determine the river's contribution of suspended and dissolved substances to the Arctic Ocean. Sampling in late winter and during prebreakup, breakup, and postbreakup flooding provided information on the spatial distribution and temporal variation of these substances. Suspended materials, largely absent in winter, were abundant during flooding. Some of this load was deposited on the sea ice, over which much of the floodwater moved during breakup; the rest was carried seaward beneath the sea ice in the freshwater wedge that forms after floodwater drains through the ice. The interface between the advancing freshwater and the seawater beneath is narrow, and sharp contrasts in temperature, salinity, and nutrient concentrations occur across it. Organic carbon, in both its dissolved and its particulate form, inorganic nitrogen, phosphate phosphorus, and silicate silicon all increased in concentration during flooding. Such seasonal additions suggest that the Colville River is a major contributor of essential nutrients to the nearshore waters of the Arctic Ocean. (Author)


Traditional photoacoustic (PA) images are formed from the amplitudes of the envelope-detected PA data. This approach largely ignores encoded spectral information that may provide more insight about tissue function and pathology. Here we introduce a new PA graphic equalization (PAGE) algorithm that divides the PA signal into a collection of frequency bands that are related to different-sized optical absorbers. Radiofrequency (RF) PA data were obtained using a Vevo 3100 with LAZR-X system (Fujifilm VisualSonics Inc). Experiments were performed using phantom materials and narrow translucent silicone tubes with clotting blood (inner diameter of 0.30, 0.51, or 0.64 mm). Phantoms were created by embedding an agar solution with fluorescent microspheres having diameters of 10 to 45 µm or 106 to 125 µm. Overall, preliminary in vitro results demonstrate that PAGE processing can distinguish micrometer-sized optical absorbers of varying size.


Atom-probe microscopy offers unprecedented insights on the subnanometer structure and chemistry of materials in three dimensions. The actual spatial resolution achievable is however still an uncertain parameter, as no comprehensive study has been undertaken to unveil the physics underpinning how key parameters impact the performance. Here, we present a comprehensive investigation of the in-depth and lateral resolution of the technique. We discuss methods to estimate the resolution and show a resolution better than 20 pm in-depth. Models to support our results were developed and are discussed in the present letter.


The problem of disputes in foreign business practices that occur is among foreign investors as taxpayers on the one hand with the government or the Director General of Taxation as tax authorities or tax collectors on the other side. The problem in this research is how to solve the dispute of foreign capital companies in Indonesia. The problem approach in this research is the normative juridical approach that is approach by way of reviewing the rules related to the problem to be discussed. After data is collected and processed, then analyzed qualitatively. The result of the research shows that the completion of the objection process to the Director General of Taxes does not provide legal protection and justice to the taxpayer (PMA Company) because the process of the objection is the disputing party (DGT). While the appeal through the Tax Court is doubtful of its independence and objectivity because the judges in the Tax Court are from former officials of the Directorate General of Taxes of the Ministry of Finance and the administration, financial and human resources management in the Ministry of Finance. Meanwhile, the Review to the Supreme Court did not provide certainty of the settlement time.