In this paper we presents the results of production tests of a new transporting devices type made of with using new polymeric materials based on ultrahigh-molecular polyethylene (UHMWPE). It is possible to improve the operational properties of technological cleaning lines for grain seeds and improve the quality of grain cleaning.


Part 1 Overview of Workplace Psychiatry: Workplace Psychiatry - Needs and Opportunities Understanding the Anatomy and Physiology of Organisations Translating Clinical Psychiatry Expertise to the Workplace Transitioning into Workplace Psychiatry. Part 2 The Practice of Workplace Psychiatry: Executive Consultation Employee Consultation Organisational Consultation Transitions Consultation. Part 3 Special Issues in Workplace Psychiatry: Executives and Stress Neurotic Behaviour in Executives and Organisations Job Loss Balancing Personal, Family, and Work Life Women Executives Family-Owned Businesses Cultural Diversity in the Workplace Confidentiality and Ethical Issues.


Alban Kuriqi is suggesting that there is a lack of representative data from the south of Europe. In this study we have analyzed the flood database presented in Blöschl et al. (2019). It consists of 2370 flood records from 33 European countries. In southern Europe, as defined in Bertola et al. (2020), we have a total of 458 stations. Stations affected by strong artificial alterations (such as large reservoirs in the proximity of the gauges) are not included in this database. Because of the large number of reservoirs in the south of Europe, particularly on the Iberian Peninsula, the density of stations


Commentary on: K Kypri, J Hallett, P Howat, et al.. Randomized controlled trial of proactive web-based alcohol screening and brief intervention for university students. Arch Intern Med2009;169:1508–14.


Book Title:  Everyone's guide to divorce and separation Book Author:  Bertus Preller 2013, Zebra Press, Cape Town. 205 pages. ISBN number: 978 1 77022 5299 (Paperback). Price: ZAR 257.00.


In this paper, an earnest investigative attempt was made to provide valuable information regarding the use of Simulation modeling and Group Technology. The Group Technology is used to improve the part process travel distances. The simulation modeling is used to improve the overall throughput of the manufacturing cell layout. The manufacturing cell layout consists of 11 different machine cells and 12 different parts and processes with operation times. A typical part goes through the band saw machine, vertical mill, radial drill press and the NC turret mill. The machine failure times and the failure effects on the system throughput presented in this case study. The Group Technology ideas are presented here to improve the material handling from cell to cell using matrix manipulation techniques. The manufacturing cell layout is modeled using discrete event simulation modeling in Arena. The parts process movements are modelled using transporter routing module in Arena. The forklift speed, loading and unloading times were modeled in this study. The improved layout minimized part routing distance with 32% improvement. The improved layout simulation model predicted 12% improvement in through put. Keywords— Part routing; discrete event simulation; Cell layout; group technology; Burbidge matrix


Although much is known about the structure and biological functions of follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) receptor (FSHR), the interaction of FSHR and FSH has been challenging to characterize due to the limited quantity of active FSHR protein produced by simple methods. The goal of this study was to express and purify the extracellular domain (ECD) of human FSHR (hFSHR).


Results of charge transfer efficiency and dark current tests for large Reticon and Ford CCDs are given, as well as a description of some experiments to improve the UV quantum efficiency, using a biased flash-gate for thinned CCDs and phosphor overlay for front-illuminated CCDs. The results indicate that large affordable CCDs suitable for astronomical work are now in reach, with excellent charge-handling characteristics, low dark current and readout noise and high quantum efficiency over the 300 nm to 1000 nm wavelength range. With buttable CCDs, whose production is planned for the future, even larger arrays of CCDs will be possible.


The year 1934 has been claimed as that moment 'when the introduction of European modernism into Britain became irreversible .... During that year several established but loose threads began to draw together, weaving the social and intellectual fabric from which Modernism in Britain would take its distinctive course.'1 One important component of that fabric, for example, was the seminal introduction to European modernism represented by the publication of F. R. S. Yorke's book The Modem House.


Let R be a commutative ring with nonzero identity and ∼ a multiplicative congruence relation on R. Then, R/∼ is a semigroup with multiplication [x][y] = [xy], where [x] is the congruence class of an element x of R. We define the congruence-based zero-divisor graph of R to be the simple graph with vertices the nonzero zerodivisors of R/∼ and with an edge between distinct vertices [x] and [y] if and only if [x][y] = [0]. Examples include the usual zero-divisor graph of R, compressed zerodivisor graph of R, and ideal-based zero-divisor graph of R. We study relationships among congruence-based zero-divisor graphs for various congruence relations on R. In particular, we study connections between ring-theoretic properties of R and graphtheoretic properties of congruence-based zero-divisor graphs for various congruence relations on R.


Hard-soft ferrite nanocomposites have attracted increasing attention of researchers due to its excellent dielectric and magnetic properties. Graphene has evoked extensive interests for its abundant EM properties. In addition, other physical properties like large surface area, low density and high chemical stability results in ideal EM wave absorbing material. Dispersion of graphene particles in to magnetic materials like hard-soft ferrite can improve the absorption effect. Taking full advantage of graphene as well as hard-soft ferrite, they are exploited for EM wave absorbing applications in a systematic manner. The main goal of this study is to achieve wideband absorption (i.e., the frequency range in which reflection loss is less than -10 dB) with less coating thickness.


Protecting the groundwater resources is very essential for environmental sustainability and improved quality of life in developing regions of the world; and non-biodegradable heavy metals in leachates due to indiscriminate solid wastes and landfills management is recognized as the main threat to groundwater quality in these regions. In this study, the physico-chemical constituents determination and the health impacts assessment of soil and groundwater samples from six sites around a prominent uncontrolled landfill in the fast-growing Ogeese community of Oyo, southwest Nigeria, was conducted. The samples are analyzed for heavy metal components such as zinc, lead, copper, cadmium, manganese and iron using the Atomic Absorption Spectrometeric analysis and their concentration in each sample in mg/l and mg/kg for water and soil, respectively, are compared with the world health organization safe limits. The heavy metal concentration in most of the samples exceeds the WHO standard; hence there is a need for proper regulation and remediation action to improve the environmental and health standards of the inhabitants of this community and other similar communities.


ABSTRACT Vegetable oils are sustainable and used as raw material in many industrial areas. For coal flotation cleaning industry, hydrocarbon oils are always required as the flotation collector. If the vegetable oils can replace the hydrocarbon oils in coal flotation cleaning, the coal preparation industry will become sustainable. The aim of this paper was to study the efficiency and mechanism of anthracite coal flotation using soybean oil as the collector to replace the kerosene. The flotation behavior of fine coal using soybean oil as the collector was better than that using kerosene as the collector. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results indicated soybean oil contained plenty of fatty acids and carbonyl functional groups which might be bonded with coal surface through hydrogen bonding between these similar hydrophilic functional groups. Therefore, coal hydrophobicity using soybean oil as the collector was higher than that using kerosene as the collector. Additionally, focused beam reflectance measurement (FBRM) results indicated the droplet size of kerosene was much larger than that of soybean oil at the same stirring intensity. A better dispersion of oil collector in the flotation pulp enhanced the collision and attachment efficiency of coal-oil droplet. Therefore, the surface hydrophobicity and flotation recovery of fine coal were both improved as well as the coal flotation becomes sustainable by using soybean oil as an alternative sustainable collector.


Raskin program (Program Penyaluran Beras untuk Keluarga Miskin) is a program of the government. It is in an effort to reduce the weight or burden of the expense of poorhouseholds as an act of support in increasing the food durability by giving social protection topoor households through the distribution of under prize rice with the maximal amount of 15kg/ poor households/ month each by the price of Rp 1.000,00 per kg net in the point of distribution. This program includes the entire province, while the responsibility of distributing the rice from the warehouse to the point of distribution in the kelurahan is handled by PerumBULOG. This study case final assignment tries to observe the implementation of RaskinProgram in the DKI Jakarta province, focusing on the Kabupaten Administratif KepulauanSeribu. Kabupaten Administratif Kepulauan Seribu is an area within the Jakarta Province where its area reaches 11, 8 km2. It consisted of islands of reefs that reach the number of 105 inquantity with the total area of the land as 8, 7 km2, and the actual number of islands reachesalmost 342 islands. The number of islands that has populations is only eleven islands, wherethe total population reaches 20.000 people. It is divided into two Kecamatan, which consistsof the Kepulauan Seribu Selatan and Kepulauan Seribu Utara, and has four Kelurahan orvillages. This area has different landscape compared to other areas in the DKI Jakarta province, which Raskin program is handled by the Perum BULOG Divre DKI Jakarta. The other areas in DKI Jakarta province mostly lays in the mainland of Java Island while the Kabupaten Kepulauan Seribu is located in small Islands which is scattered in the Jakarta bay). The unique location of the Kabupaten Kepulauan Seribu leads to a different approach in the way of distributing the Raskin rice compared to other areas in the DKI Jakarta province. The climate condition, the availability of boats/ small ships, and the scattered populations are among the factors that should be considered for the success of the Raskin program distributions in the KabupatenAdministratif Kepulauan Seribu. Those factors might become problems that should be overcome by both the Perum BULOG Divre DKI Jakarta and the local government as well. In order to bring more success in the Raskin program for Kabupaten Kepulauan Seribu, several points are suggested for the parties and organizations involved especially local governments and Perum BULOG Divre DKI Jakarta. Those suggestions include the providing of ships/ boats that is ready to use for transporting Raskin rice with normal cost without considering the climate conditions, and if possible its important to give attention for activities in the process of removing bags from ships to harbors by providing tools (for example are small cranes and warehouse). By the availability of those suggested matters its expected that the Raskin program will be implemented with more success, especially in the distribution activities. In addition it can be noted that this study case final assignment would stress on the problems that are faced by Perum BULOG Divre DKI Jakarta and how it is handled, with its considerations as well. Problem solving that is mentioned in this study case is based on the real actions or suggestions done in 2006, and added with the theoretical points of view.


Social media plays an increasing role in our communication with friends and family, and our consumption of information and entertainment. Hence, to design effective ranking functions for posts on social media, it would be useful to predict the affective response to a post (e.g., whether the user is likely to be humored, inspired, angered, informed). Similar to work on emotion recognition (which focuses on the affect of the publisher of the post), the traditional approach to recognizing affective response would involve an expensive investment in human annotation of training data. We introduce CAREdb, a dataset of 230k social media posts annotated according to 7 affective responses using the Common Affective Response Expression (CARE) method. The CARE method is a means of leveraging the signal that is present in comments that are posted in response to a post, providing high-precision evidence about the affective response of the readers to the post without human annotation. Unlike human annotation, the annotation process we describe here can be iterated upon to expand the coverage of the method, particularly for new affective responses. We present experiments that demonstrate that the CARE annotations compare favorably with crowdsourced annotations. Finally, we use CAREdb to train competitive BERT-based models for predicting affective response as well as emotion detection, demonstrating the utility of the dataset for related tasks.


Abstract Haemoglobinopathies and different forms of thalassaemias including alpha thalassaemia has been found to be as high as 10% in Eastern India. The alpha globin disorders are less commonly reported because the diagnosis of alpha thalassaemia is usually missed unless in the severe homozygous form or as Hb Barts. But presence of alpha gene has been found in cases of unexplained anaemias and also in several suspected cases having ¦α mutations and other common haemoglobinopathies. Two of the common ¦α mutations (-¦α3.7, - ¦α4.2) have been detected either in heterozygous or homozygous states in significant frequencies, so patients coming for Hb Electrophoresis and carrier detection should be also checked the alpha status through specific DNA studies.


Purpose: This microethnographic study was performed to understand the survival experiences of patients after surgical resection of colorectal cancer. Methods: In-depth interviews of seven male and six female patients with colorectal cancer were conducted after being observed. Digital-audio recordings of the interviews were transcribed verbatim and then qualitatively analyzed. Results: The survival journeys of patients with colorectal cancer surgery were described as 'born again after going through an altered self-image'. This consists of 4 phases: 'Confrontation of the cancer diagnosis', 'Fierce compliance', 'Leveling off', and 'Born again'. Their self-images were significantly altered subsequent to confronting their cancer diagnosis. While they were in the phase of fierce compliance, patients were introverted from the outside world, but upon receiving help from a substantial supportive system including family, health professionals, peer patients, and religion, their internalized self-image was reinforced. This would significantly boost the patients' morale. Finally they felt born again with an emotional and spiritual self-image. Conclusion: Nursing intervention should be differentiated and specified according to the specific phase of the long term colorectal cancer survival journey. Colorectal cancer patients should be provided with a specialized nursing program to improve their self-images.


The records of a general store, its owners and a post office in Prospect Harbor, Maine. Includes correspondence, account books, receipts, catalogues, invoices and vouchers. The records of the post office include registered package and letter records, stamps, parcel records, money orders, Postmaster's correspondence and postal guides. The bulk of the records date from 1870-1890. Some of the letters reflect Daniel Deasy's and J. W. Handy's former professions as sea captains. Preferred Citation Deasy & Handy General Store and Post Office Records, SpC MS 0131, [Box No.], [Folder No.], Raymond H. Fogler Library Special Collections Department, University of Maine, Orono, Maine ^ Return to Table of


abstract Counterinsurgency operations today demand a unified and coordinated approach to operations from combat, combat support and combat service support forces. While kinetic operations will always be needed to target insurgents, reconstruction, humanitarian relief and indigenous capacity building must all occur concurrently with such kinetic operations. Without the positive benefits that these activities deliver to the indigenous population, kinetic operations are doomed to erode the support of the local populace until the mission becomes untenable. In order for the ADF to carry out reconstruction while simultaneously conducting combat operations, it must fully integrate ISR and combat arms with its reconstruction forces, and capitalise on the HUMINT acquired during reconstruction operations to target insurgents and, more importantly, to develop a "societal order of battle" that enables the effective and efficient targeting of reconstruction operations. All of this activity must be undertaken with an eye towards eventually growing indigenous capacity for governance, commerce, construction and security so that the local inhabitants can eventually reassume control of their country.


The application of analytic hierarchy process(AHP) can reduce the blindness and capriciousness in the decision-making process of fund plan of an enterprise.Application principle and practical sequence of the operation of this method are demonstrated in the paper and some changes of AHP are also made by the method of main components.


Crises represent crucial global dynamics events, which were predictable and have been with us for some time. In the new context caused by epidemic and pathogenic conditions, not only must it be reaffirmed that planetary society is an integral part of nature, but that the production processes of anthropogenic metabolism are part of the more general metabolism of nature. Climate change, a significant element of the contemporary environmental crisis, will orient living conditions within the global ecological crisis in a different way. The concept of habitable space, which is, above all, a space of correlation between society and the environment, considers technology as a factor in the reconstitution of a process that is symbiotic and no longer of exploitation of environmental resources. Recently, there has been a renewed awareness of place consciousness and of inhabitants/producers who, through a co-evolutionary principle, are called upon to develop "neo-ecosystems" according to a territorial identity principle. Rather than representing levels of identity that nevertheless express borders, the "local" category constitutes what is discussed and argued in common through a measure of involvement and intensity. So, the relationship between transition cities and urban resilience is part of the governance of the new phenomena of non-linearity. In metropolitan areas, the spread of new urban polarities evolves the concept of resilience towards a multi-scalar and multi-sectoral condition of adaptation and mitigation of anthropogenic and environmental risks. Inside this scenario, hyper-specialisation still represents the tendency of a technical character that induces the development of deep competencies but loses the critical sense of technique in its ethical and socio-economic interactions. Inhabiting and building evolved scenarios of society need a multifunctional thought that can develop and critically manage the choices and uses of technology in a design scenario capable of coherently integrating its contributions.


Mineral deposits and other exhaustible resources are scattered around the globe-as are their users. Yet the theory for analyzing depletion of such resources assumes that all resource sites and all users are located in the same place. When applying the theory, therefore, one is forced to disregard what often seems to be an important real-world consideration. Our purpose here is to generalize Harold Hotelling's (1931) theory of exhaustible resources to accommodate situations in which resource sites and their users are spatially distributed. Our analysis has many applications. It can be applied to a conventional exhaustible resource like oil. Alternatively, it can be applied to an unconventional exhaustible resource like scarce landfill space.' Shipments of solid waste to landfills in other states or countries have become a prominent public policy issue (Eduardo Ley et al., 2000). Finally, our analysis can be applied in situations where the "space" reflects not geographical location but characteristics of the resource (e.g., the sulfur content, hardness, and so forth, of coal) which users find distinctive.2 Only two theoretical papers in resource economics have introduced spatial considerations.3 Jean-Jacques Laffont and Michel Moreaux (1986) studied the extraction of resources from sites located along a line segment with all users at one end. Charles Kolstad (1994) was the first to consider spatially distributed users. In his formulation, consumers are distributed uniformly along a line segment with resource sites at each end. Kolstad's approach, although innovative, requires that the set of users be parti-


The method of additive properties was applied to the density and glass transition temperature, T g , of linear amorphous polyurethanes. This method assumes that certain polymer properties result from the additive effects of unique constituent group properties and that these group properties are independent of their environment. To determine the component properties, 14 model polyurethanes were synthesized. The polymers contained only the following four groups: urethane, phenylene, methylene, and ether oxygen. The densities and T g 's of these polymers were measured. Using these measured values, the known composition of each polymer, and an appropriate additive form, the molar component properties were calculated using a matrix least-squares simultaneous fit algorithm. An error analysis confirmed that the component values were determined with greater accuracy than literature results. The densities ranged from 1.0 to 1.2 g/cm 3 and measured versus predicted densities agreed to within 0.3% on the average. T g 's ranged from -70°C to 70°C and measured versus predicted T g 's agreed to within 1.3% on the average.


Increase in the number of customers since last decade for credit card usage. The customer's without prior approval many frauds have been detected. The unethical use of credit cards by hackers or credit cards users unwilling to pay back the amount are known as the major credit card frauds. The credit card transactions should be detected earlier by statistical methods if any fraud has been detected. The various algorithms in the machine learning are used to analyze the patterns and frauds. This helps the bank to eliminate the frauds by declining suspected transactions.


Anti-cocommutativity was introduced by Wang, Zhuang, Zhang (2013) in their paper Coassociative Lie algebras. Since universal enveloping algebras of Lie algebras are connected Hopf algebras, we extend enveloping algebras using the notion of anti-cocommutative elements. This concept is the main focus of this thesis. We separate the results (Chapter 4) into four parts: 1) Lie algebras containing anti-cocommutative elements; 2) Extending enveloping algebras using anti-cocommutative elements; 3) A global dimension problem for connected Hopf algebras; 4) Properties of the antipode of some connected Hopf algebras.


Article history: Received: 21 Jan 2012 Accepted: 23 April 2012 Available online: 12 Mar 2013 ZJRMS 2013; 15(10): 32-36 Background: Toxoplasma gondii is an obligatory intracellular protozoan. Considering to high prevalence of this disease the best way to reduce the raised loses is prevention of human and animal infection, rapid diagnosis, differentiation between acute and chronic disease. Rhoptry protein 1 of Toxoplasma gondii is an excretory-secretory antigen that exists in the most stages of life cycle. According to specifications of excretory-secretory antigen that seems this antigen is a suitable candidate to produce recombinant vaccine and diagnostic kit. The main object of the present work was cloning rhoptry protein 1 (ROP1) gene of Toxoplasma gondii (RH) in a cloning vector for further production of rhoptry proteins. Materials and Methods: Genomic DNA was extracted by phenol-chloroform method. The ROP1 fragment was amplified by PCR. This product was approved by sequencing and was cloned between the EcoR1 and Sal1 sites of the pTZ57R/T vector. Then transformed into Escherichia coli DH5α strain and screened by IPTG and X-Gal. After isolating of this gene from pTZ57R/T, it was subcloned into pET32a plasmid. Results: The plasmid was purified and approved by electrophoresis, enzyme restriction and PCR. After isolating of this gene from pTZ57R/T, it was subcloned into pET32a plasmid. After enzyme restriction and electrophoresis a fragment about 1183bp was separated from pET32a. Conclusion: Recombinant plasmid of ROP1 gene was constructed and ready for future study. That seems the antigen is a suitable candidate to produce recombinant vaccine and diagnostic kit. Copyright © 2013 Zahedan University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved.


We report in this paper the improved capillary electrophoresis (CE)-UV detection sensitivity of proteins based on silica nanoparticle-mediated, electric field-triggered (SNM-EFT) strategy. During the process, the capillary was first filled with acidic separation buffer, followed by injection of a segment of alkaline treating solution containing silica nanoparticles (SNPs). After the inlet end of the capillary was dipped into the protein solution containing SNPs, a high voltage was applied across the capillary. The SNPs in the protein solution became aggregate, promoting the SNP-protein conjugation, by which transformation of the protein structures took place. During CE, the unfolded protein desorbed from SNPs, generating stronger signal than the native one due to the more effective exposure of tryptophanyl residues to the polar buffer. The parameters of the treatment protocols, e.g., pH of the treating solution, concentration of the SNPs presented, the voltage and duration of the electric field applied, had notable effects on the detection sensitivity. Significant improvement in CE-UV response was obtained by the EFT at -8 kV × 60 s on the protein standards dissolved in 4 mM sodium tetraborate, 1 mM boric acid and 0.015% SNPs.


The Sensor Based Nitrogen Rate Calculator enables producers to estimate yi eld potential and obtain nitrogen (N) fertilization rates based on GreenSeeker se nso measurements and the response index, number of days where GDD (growing degree days)>0, agronomic maximum yield, expected grain price, and fertilizer price . Soil moisture levels can vary significantly both site-to-site and year-toyear. Furthermore, soil moisture is known to significantly affect both yield potential and fertilizer use efficiency. The current Sensor Based Nitrogen Rate Calculator does not take in account profile soil moisture at the time of sensing. Limited soil profile moisture leads to overest imation of yield potential and, low fertilizer use efficiency. At-sensing knowledge of t he amount of water present in the soil profile can help to more accurately predict yiel d potential. This will in turn reduce the risk of applying N when it is not required, and to identify years when sufficient moisture is present in the soil profile to produce near maximum yie lds where more N is needed.


This research aims to describe the implementation, the constrains and effort in the implementation of tolerance for diversity in a pluralistic society in the hamlet village Cehto Gumeng Jenawi district of Karanganyar. Collecting data in this research with interview, observation, and documentation. Data analysis techniques by apolying interview models through data collection, and drawing conclution. Test the validity of the data in this research by mean of triangulation techniques and resources. This result show that 1). Implementation of tolerance for diversity in society is reflected Cetho hamlet of respect for religious differences; 2). Barriers to Iimplementation tolerance of diversity in a pluralistic society in the hamlet village Cetho Gumeng Jenawi Distric of Karanganyar that his marriage of different religious and a lack of public understanding of the political right; 3). community efforts to overcome obsracles in the implementation of tolerance in pluralistic society in the hamlet village Cetho Gumeng Jenawi Karanganyar Subdistrict hamely deliberation and socialization of politics right way.

Keyword: Implementation, tolerance of diversity, pluralistic society.


To realize the potential benefits of SDN, tremendous amount of network information has to be collected, stored, processed and retrieved for the central routing and resource allocation optimization in near real-time. However, the current SDN-Open Flow controller and management applications did not address this issue properly and could not easily and efficiently retrieve and utilize the available analytics on-time. Their "network information bases" are rudimentary, and could not facilitate the required fast processing and accessing for required intelligent information for large networks. We present an innovative mechanism that architects such information into a multi-dimensional model, utilizing prevailing technologies in large scale real-time data processing, the advances in in-memory SQL and NoSQL and the Online Analytical Processing (OLAP). Data and their hidden characteristics and inter-relationships can then be stored in-memory or cached using key/values as in NoSQL, while more static information could be persisted into local file system or SQL database, and globally in a centralized SQL database (or a data warehouse) that can store large amounts of historical data that can be easily processed with OLAP or data mining for intelligence. Extensive experiments and comparison with traditional relational database or in-memory hashing table clearly demonstrated the feasibility, capability and performance advantage of the proposed approach.


The vascularized island flaps have very rarely been used for reconstruction of the scalp,1 because they are restricted by the anatomy of the scalp from being harvested and transferred as vascularized island flaps, which include hairy skin. The scalp has five distinct anatomical layers: skin, subcutaneous tissue, galea aponeurotica, loose areolar tissue, and pericranium. Neurovascular structures lie in the subcutaneous tissues, which are surrounded by dense fibrous septa, and the vessels of the scalp form a complex vascular network. However, the temporoparietal region has a unique vascular anatomy in the scalp. The superficial temporal arteries, which are the longest and largest of the scalp vessels, do not lie in the subcutaneous tissue of the temporoparietal area. They are localized in the temporoparietal fascia, which is continued with the galea aponeurotica. This anatomical relationship permits elevation of island scalp flaps pedicled on the superficial temporal vessels without destroying hairy skin and subcutaneous tissue. These flaps have usually been used for facial reconstruction, such as the eyebrow,2 mustache,3 and beard.4 In addition, pedicled and free scalp flaps have been performed for sideburn repair in a few cases.5,6 We performed an anatomical study of the superficial temporal artery to study the relationship between its course and levels in the scalp. We present three cases in which reconstruction of the temporal, frontoparietal, and midline regions was performed with the use of island hair-bearing scalp flaps. In addition, we anatomically describe a new vascularized island scalp flap design that can potentially repair large scalp defects.


In order to extend the scope of employing major elements to study the evolution process of manufacturing techniques, we employed loyed minor and/or trace elements to study provenance and dating and to distinguish fake from original Chinese pottery and porcelain by energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometry. In summarizing our previous work, 85 typical Chinese white porcelain objects from Jingdezhen, Dehua and Hebei (Xing, Ding and Cizou), were measured by EDXRF and further analysed statistically. We found discriminate functions for the provenance of samples among Jingdezhen, Dehua and Hebei and also samples among Xing, Ding and Cizou in Hebei. We also derived functions for dating samples among Yuan, Ming and Qing of Jingdezhen blue and white porcelain, and samples between Song to Yuan and Ming periods of Dehua white porcelain. Element ratios are suggested to be employed in all of the discriminate functions in order to minimize measurement errors and to form a fast, non-destructive, comparable and reliable method for provenance and dating of ancient porcelain. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


From the measurement of weak sharp lines of the secondary, an orbit with a period of eleven years has been found for 51 Tauri. The broad lines of the primary do not yield velocity data of suitable accuracy. The spectroscopic data are used to predict the orbital inclination and semimajor axis (which can be measured by lunar occultations) under various assumptions as to the distance to the Hyades and the masses of the Hyades stars. Very accurate occultation measurements are needed to yield a solution to both the distance and masses of the system. Key words: spedroscopic binary - spectroscopic orbit


Mastitis in cows is currently a pathology that causes great economic damage to livestock farms around the world. The quantitative and qualitative indicators of milk are decreasing. Prevention and treatment of breast inflammation in cows is one of the main tasks of veterinarians. For successful treatment, it is necessary to understand the etiology, especially in infectious mastitis. In order to determine the pathogenic microflora that causes mastitis in cattle, we conducted a bacteriological study of 10 milk samples from cows with breast inflammation in one of the livestock farms of the North-Western region. For the bacteriological study of milk, each sample was taken into a sterile disposable plastic container, the first trickles of milk were pre-deposited. As a result of the conducted studies, mastitis in cows caused by different microorganisms is observed, it follows that not only the farm has its own microbial landscape, but in each case different microorganisms cause mastitis. Cultures of conditionally pathogenic microflora - enterobacteria, coccoid microflora – were isolated from the material. Cultures of Salmonella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and other pathogenic microflora were not isolated in any sample. High resistance of staphylococci to antibacterial drugs of different groups was revealed. Based on the data obtained, it is worth noting the need for a bacteriological study before each appointment of mastitis treatment in cattle, especially during antibacterial therapy. It is necessary to take into account the developing resistance in pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microorganisms. It is also important to note the relevance of creating a drug for the specific prevention of mastitis of cows of bacterial etiology.


Undoped n‐ and p‐type tin monoxide (SnO) films have been selectively fabricated by pulsed laser deposition with a Sn target and careful control of oxygen partial pressure. The films are epitaxially grown in optimal growth conditions on yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ) substrates with out‐of‐plane and in‐plane orientation relationships of (001)SnO//(001)YSZ and [110]SnO//[100]YSZ, respectively. Both Seebeck and Hall measurements show consistent results on the carrier types of the films. The electron Hall mobility is approximately 11 cm2/Vs at room temperature and the carrier activation energy is 0.14 eV for the n‐type film. The growth at increased oxygen partial pressure yields p‐type films, demonstrating the selective fabrication of both n‐ and p‐type SnO films without doping. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


In this paper, the analysis and design of a new igniter based on half bridge inverter is presented. The proposed igniters can tolerant of the leakage inductance and the parasitic capacitor influence inherent in the transformer. the location of the ignition pulses is near the edge of the square wave automatically. Meanwhile there are enough ignition pulses during a switching period that can ignite high-pressure-sodium (HPS) lamps without any voltage shock. The parameters are given by theoretical calculation, and then verified by PSpice simulation results. At last experimental results of the igniter are presented. Due to the location of ignition pulses, the optimized waveform and high frequency of pulse voltage, the proposed igniter can reliably start most of the 1kW HPS lamps without voltage or current surge.


Intranet, comunicazione culturale e politica industriale (di Diego Lanzi) - ABSTRACT: Organizing an Intranet for cultural communication firms can improve their performances sharing among them services' cost, inducing joint projects and innovations. Hence an industrial policy, aimed to induce a significant development of this sector, should create adequate conditions for such a network to be managed by an Internet Service Provider. Economic activities undertaken on this network will benefit of a positive network effect that will reduce firm's search and fixed costs and hidiosincrasity of their investment. However, in order to give it the optional dimension and to avoid network congestion, it is necessary to design an appropriate pricing scheme for Intranet services.


It has been a landmark year for development. Antipoverty campaigns and the Live 8 concerts helped turn up the heat on the leaders of the G8 group of industrialized countries who raised hopes by pledging an extra US$50 billion of aid to Africa. That was followed by an EU members pledge to increase aid to 0.7% of gross national income by 2015. While this represents a welcome boost of resources the US$1.16 billion per annum specifically targeted at basic education remains far short of the estimated US$5.6 billion funding gap required to reach universal primary education and gender parity alone. Peter Smith UNESCOs Assistant Director-General for Education is not satisfied: "I want to see more commitment from donors" he stresses. But developing countries must raise their spending too or donor fatigue will set in he says: "They will say Who wants to invest in something that the people who own it dont want to invest in." (excerpt)


Objective To evaluate the diagnostic merit of colonic and gastroduodenal gas-barium imaging complementary examination on gastrointestinal diseases. Methods 23 subjects (15 males and 8 females) with gastrointestinal tumor were examined. Among those cases, 11 were stomach cancer with metastasis to colon, 6 were colon tumor with metastasis to stomach and small intestine, 4 were simple stomach tumor and 2 were simple colon tumor. The tumor mass location, gastrointestinal movement and adhesion were observed via a TV monitor when performing the X-ray gas-barium imaging. The results were then compared with the results obtained from biopsy or surgery as well as the clinical symptoms. Results Results of the complementary examinations were as the follows: 9 cases were diagnosed to have stomach cancer with metastasis to colon; 4 cases were colon tumor with gastrointestinal adhesion as a result of caner metastasis to stomach; 1 case was benign stomach tumor, 1 case was duodenal and colonic perforations caused by colon cancer. Conclusion The gastroduodenal and colonic gas-barium imaging complementary examination is of importance in diagnosis of gastro and colonic diseases and in the evaluation of the relationship of different masses and the state of the diseases.


Stress and displacement fields for a propagating crack in a functionally gradient material (FGM) which has shear modulus as μ=μ_G(1=ξY) are derived. The equations of motion in FGM which is nonhomogeneous material are different from those of homogeneous material. The stress intensity factors in stress fields have influence on odd terms of r^n/2-1(n=1,3,5,...,) but stress at crack tip only retains term of r^-1/2, where the r is a radius of cylindrical coordinates centered at crack tip. When the FGM constant ξ is zero or r→0,. the fields for FGM are almost same as the those for isotropic material. Isochromatic fringes at crack tip enlarge with increase of elastic modulus if the material fringe value ∫ of FGM is constant in entire region.


Claims to innovation are regularly made by states in their periodic reports prepared pursuant to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). These reports, first produced 24 years ago, have become increasingly streamlined and informative with time. The original series, called National Communications (submitted every four years by Annex I parties to the UNFCCC and less regularly by non-Annex I parties), have since 2012 been supplemented by a system of biennial reporting. The 7th National Communications and 3rd Biennial Reports of Annex I parties are now available, and several National Communications and so-called Biennial "Update" Reports of non-Annex I parties have also been published. They are replete with information on climate change law from around the world. Drawing on these reports, we argue that when states claim to be innovative in their responses to climate change, they primarily refer, not to technological innovation, but to their implementation of law-based governance reforms. Over time, these reforms amount to a sustained development of domestic climate change law—a kind of innovation in itself. The vast majority of legal reforms that states describe in their reports to the UNFCCC are either technology-neutral or support the scaling up of identified mature technologies. In both cases, the effect is the same: the favoured technologies are already commercialized, or nearly so. Only a miniscule proportion of the cost to states of responding to climate change is incurred in the form of investment in early-stage technological innovation. In sum, while states liberally characterize their climate change actions as "innovative", what they mean by this is that they are legally innovative; from a technology perspective they are conservative.


Transalkylation between di-iso-propylbenzene and benzene was studied with anhydrous aluminum chloride as catalyst. The reaction was carried out in a cylindrical reaction vessel at temperatures ranging from 15 to 70°C, reaction times from 2 to 1, 800 minutes, benzene to di-iso-propylbenzene mole ratios from 0.5 to 10, and aluminum chloride to di-iso-propylbenzene mole ratios from 0.1 to 2. The products were analyzed with gaschromatography. Cumene was a main product, other product being tri-iso-propylbenzene. Neither gaseous products nor condensation products other than those mentioned above could be detected. The reactions could be represented as follows; C6H4(iso-C3H7)2+C6H6=2C6H5•iso-C3H7 and 2C6H4(iso-C3H7)2=C6H5•iso-C3H7+C6H3(iso-C3H7)3. Equilibrium constants of these reactions were 4.3 and 0.34 respectively. These values were found to be in agreement with those estimated thermodynamically. Heat of reaction was very small with each of there reactions. The rate of the former reaction was nearly identical with that of cymene. This reaction was of the first order with respect to di-iso-propylbenzene and 0.7th order with respect to aluminum chloride. The values of activation energy and apparent A-factor were 23kcal/mole and 1.6×1013sec-1 respectively.


Computer assisted assessment is becoming more and more common through further and higher education. There is some debate about how easy it will be to migrate current assessment practice to a computer enhanced format and how items which are currently re-used for formative purposes may be adapted to be presented online. This paper proposes an evaluatory framework to assess and enhance the practicability of large-scale CAA migration for existing items and assessments. The framework can also be used as a tool for exposing compromises between delivery mechanism and validity—exposing the limits of validity of modified paper based assessments and highlighting the crucial areas for transformative assessments. DOI: 10.1080/0968776042000259555


Cytosolic glutathione transferase (GST) was investigated in four human livers. The profile of GST activity was determined by isoelectric focusing using 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene as the electrophilic substrate. Three livers contained at least one basic and a near-neutral isoenzyme (GST μ). GSTμ was not detectable in the fourth liver. The kinetics of GST with styrene oxide as the electrophilic substrate were studied in the cytosolic fraction, with the pooled fractions from isoelectric focusing containing high activity of GSTμ transferase, and with GSTμ purified to homogeneity. The cytosol obeyed Michaelis-Menten kinetics when styrene oxide was used as the variable substrate. The average (± s.e.m.) of the Vmax and Km were 21.9 ± 7.9 nmol min -1 mg-1 and 4.9 ± 0.4 mM, respectively. At varying concentrations of glutathione, the enzyme did not obey Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Such kinetics were also observed with the fractions from isoelectric focusing and with the homogeneous GSTμ fraction. The Eadie-Hofstee plot showed two phases: one with a low and another with a high Km value. The apparent K m values for the cytosol were 0.035 ± 0.022 and 0.88 ± 0.36 mM. The kinetic pattern of purified GSTμ is consistent with that found in the cytosol.


The NDNA November 2012 Business Performance Survey shows that there is still a large gap between what it costs providers to offer the free entitlement for two-year-olds and what is received in funding.


Ideas for team building and organisational structures for software development projects involving internal staff and outsourced developers, from Greg Billington MBCS, CEO and Founder of outsource.dev.


Focusing on the work of a group of Croatian i.e. Yugoslav architects in Ghana, the paper explains the nature of technical cooperation as a model of temporary international contract work in relation to the specificities of the environment built consequently. It focuses on the engagement of Miro Marasovic as the head of the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Development Office from 1961 to 1964. As its contextual framework, the paper addresses bilateral technical cooperation as a form of international communication and exchange, the practices of the Non-Aligned Movement, and the interrelations of the pre- and post-independence generation of modern architecture in Africa.


The present invention discloses a multi-BMS identifier assigned to the system. Multi BMS identifier assignment system according to the present invention, the master BMS and the N connected to the serial communication and parallel communication network comprising the slave BMS, to the master BMS in the (N is an integer of 2 or more) is formed in said serial communication network and a communication interface and selectively assigning the at least two first and second master unique communication identifier comprises the communication channel, on the parallel communication network to the slave BMS for outputting a forward or reverse start-up signal; The first to the N-th slave BMS is assigned an identifier starts the start-up in response to a forward or reverse start signal received via said serial communication network, and from the master BMS on the parallel communication network, in accordance with the direction of transmission of the start signal and it outputs a start signal to the slave BMS adjacent. According to the present invention, when a malfunction occurs in some sections of a serial communication network, it is possible to automatically detect this, it is possible to start all the slave BMS by multiplexing a transport direction of the start signal and assigns an identifier.


Minimally invasive surgery has became in the recent years a synonyme of laparoscopic surgery. It may be simply attributed to the significant advances in surgical technique worldwide. However it must be stated that laparoscopy has not found such a wide application in pediatric urology, as in other surgical specialities.


Purpose To compare the vision-specific quality of life (QoL) of individuals with Stargardt disease (STGD) with that of healthy individuals and to investigate the association between vision-specific QoL and functional vision. Methods This cross-sectional study included 41 patients with STGD and 46 healthy volunteers matched by age and gender. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was used to calculate the Functional Acuity Score (FAS) and Goldmann perimetry the Functional Field Score (FFS). These scores were combined to obtain the Functional Vision Score (FVS). Vision-specific QoL was assessed using the 25-item version of the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI VFQ-25). Results The groups had similar sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. There were significant differences in BCVA, vision-specific QoL assessed by the NEI VFQ-25, and FVS (p < 0.001) between individuals with STGD and controls. The final total score and all the subscales of the NEI VQF-25 questionnaire were significantly lower in the STGD group (p < 0.001), except for the subscales general health, color vision, and ocular pain. NEI VFQ-25 results in the STGD group were positively correlated with family income, FVS, and FFS. FVS was the score best correlated with the NEI VFQ-25 total score. Conclusions Individuals with STGD had significant impairment of vision-specific QoL and functional vision compared with controls and the FVS was the objective evaluation method most correlated with vision-specific QoL in this population.


With the development of sensors, a study on carbon nanotube composites (CNT) used as force sensing elements is presented in this paper, which consists of carbon nanotubes with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as a matrix. Nanocomposites of carbon nanotube and polydimethylsiloxane, CNT-PDMS with different filler concentrations have been successfully prepared via ultrasonic and mixed method. With different density, the electrical characteristics change as a function of the strain. The piezo-resistance and piezo-capacitance properties of these composites have been studied in detail. In our experiment, the gauge factor has reached 40 for piezo-resistance and 70 for piezo-capacitance. It is shown that there is an effective and reliable way, which is to change the density of CNT-PDMS nanocomposites, to set the features to sensing strain and stress for resistance and capacitance of the composites. This nanomaterial has a decent potential in mechanical quantity sensors field.


Outlier detection in linear data sets has been done vigorously but only a small amount of work has been done for outlier detection in circular data. In this study, we proposed multiple outliers detection in circular regression models based on the clustering algorithm. Clustering technique basically utilizes distance measure to define distance between various data points. Here, we introduce the similarity distance based on Euclidean distance for circular model and obtain a cluster tree using the single linkage clustering algorithm. Then, a stopping rule for the cluster tree based on the mean direction and circular standard deviation of the tree height is proposed. We classify the cluster group that exceeds the stopping rule as potential outlier. Our aim is to demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed algorithms with the similarity distances in detecting the outliers. It is found that the proposed methods are performed well and applicable for circular regression model.


As the years have gone by this phenomenon has evolved along with humanity and global expansion of markets. In this sense, the States, worried about the bond between corruption and international transactions, decided in order to fight against this phenomenon, specially bribes. To perform multilateral agreements of prevention with specific measures to avoid bribery and international cooperation. Colombia, with the objective to fight against the ghost of corruption that afflicts us, opted to ratify several international agreements for the fight against the phenomenon. That way, for the sake of taking in assumed measurements and recommendations within the legislation, our State decided to incorporate in the law 599 from the year 2000 the felony of transnational bribery, which has beenmodified along the years considering the international recommendations. Thence, through the law 1778 of the year 2016, Colombia included within its legislation the administrative responsibility of legal persons, and modified the penal type of transnational bribery contemplated in the Penal code.


Kanta Murali. 2017. Caste, Class and Capital: The Social and Political Origins of Economic Policy in India. Cambridge University Press, 317pp., Paperback, £24.99. ISBN: 978-1316608173.


Objective To investigate the density of mosquitoes and their population composition in the ares of Shanxi province where Japanese encephalitis(JE) was highly prevalent.Methods Mosquitoes were collected by light trap in pig pens,lakesides and other enviranments.Results It was found that the mosquito density at Wuxing lakeside in Yongji was 2000.0 each trap night,1352.0 in Chengbei district of Yongji city,more than 500 in Dingxiang county and in the Sushui riverside in Yongji and 100-500 in Linyi county(in Sep.2006 and in Aug.2007),Wutai county,Taiyuan city,Changzhi city,the Shengtian lakeside in Ruicheng and Yangquan city,with a density of less than 100 in Ruicheng,Linyi county(in Aug.2006) and the Sushui riverside in Linyi.Culex tritaeniorhynchus accounted for 77.7 percent of all the mosquitoes collected from pens for livestock in Linyi(in Aug.2007),however Ruicheng,Linyi county(in Sep.2006),Yongji city see a lower percentage in terms of the species.In terms of the density of Cx.pipiens pallens in the sites where the samples were collected,the suburbs were ranked at the top of the list,accounting for 100 percent,followed by Wutai county and Dingxiang county.There were fewer species of mosquetoes in other sites,with Aedes vexans and Ae.dorsalis as the major species.As far as the samples collected from lakesides and riversides were concerned,Cx.tritaeniorhynchus was most heavily populated in Shengtian lakeside in Ruicheng,accouting for 94.4 percent,with Cx.pipiens pallens having a highest in Wuxing lakeside and Sushui riverside in Yongji,being over 99.0%.Conclusion In view of the high mosquito density,Mosquitoe control in pens for livestock and other water-rich areas should be strengthened.Anti-mosquito publicity and promotion of mosquito control infrastructure are to be reinforced in Shengtian Lake scenic spot.


Workfare has had a chequered history because it has not been well thought out. It increases employment not just because it calls the bluff of the workshy; this element need not be all that harsh. It works because it acts as a marginal employment subsidy of a type not tried before (except unwittingly as part of workfare). The subsidy is as follows. As full employment is approached (i.e.given rising demand), dole queue labour gets progressively less suited to available vacancies, which induces employers to out bid each other in an attempt to attract or retain better quality or more suitable labour, and this is inflationary. This phenomenon is behind NAIRU, the level of unemployment below which it is allegedly impossible to go. But the above unsuitability of the unemployed is temporary for each person: a job usually appears sooner or later for which they are suited. Thus the antidote is to compensate employers for this unsuitability, i.e. subsidise the unemployed into temporary jobs and this is more or less what workfare has always consisted of. This ought to reduce NAIRU. The above NAIRU reducing characteristic of workfare is key to proving it should operate as much in the private as public sector. In fact it works better in the former because the private sector is better at employing relatively unskilled labour. It is often claimed that workfare should take the form of specially set up job creation schemes. The arguments for this do not stand inspection (and nor do a large majority of other arguments for these schemes). Thus workfare jobs should be with existing employers. To effect workfare in this form, the unemployed are made available to all employers at little or no charge to the latter, while the number of jobs so created is strictly limited so as to prevent employers replacing existing em¬ployees with workfare employees. The above all amounts to saying that there is a much stronger case for heavily subsidised temporary employment agencies than for subsidised normal employment agencies (Job Centres in the U.K.). Or to put it yet another way, in a totally free market (i.e. in the absence of unemployment benefit) the unemployed have the choice of doing nothing, or doing a job other than their usual one for a while. To date, governments have subsidised only the former. This booklet claims governments should subsidise the latter activity (perhaps at the expense of the former).


This work describes the strategy of a Mexican firm to improve its transportation cost of unused truck capacity. This is based on the application of a transportation waste elimination scheme for increasing efficiency in its warehousing and routing operations on a detailed level. The Operational Equipment Effectiveness index used in TPM is adapted to be used as the main performance measure. Availability, performance and quality wastes are identified using Value Stream Mapping of the distribution operations. The implementation of the improvement initiatives is still in progress but pilot test and projected results are provided.


''Information technology will be one of the key factors driving progress in the twenty-first century—it will transform the way we live, learn, work, and play'' (President's Information Technology Advisory Committee, 1999). This statement is particularly relevant when one examines the manner in which business is presently being conducted. Over the past several years, Internet technology has revolutionized all aspects of business-to-business and business-to-consumer sales, service, and marketing strategies. This explosive commercialization of the Internet has been termed e-business, which describes the process of buying and selling or exchanging of products and services over the Internet, servicing customers, collaborating with business partners, producing e-learning, and conducting electronic transactions within an organization (Turban, King, Lee, & Viehland, 2004). E-business has dramatically impacted all segments of commerce including health care. In fact, new terminology, e-health, has been spawned to describe development of the electronic health sector. E-health can be formally defined as follows. The application of the Internet and other related technologies in the healthcare industry to improve the access, efficiency, effectiveness, and quality of clinical and business processes utilized by healthcare organizations, practitioners, patients, and consumers to improve the health status of patients. (Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society E-Health Special Interest Group, 2003, p. 4)


Inland load centers have become the key links in intermodal transport, particularly for overseas general cargo traffic. Such a center is a non-port location where freight from regional markets is assembled into blocks prior to shipment to another distant center for ultimate redistribution. Another features is that it involves either road trailers which, if loaded or piggybacked on trains are called TOFC (trailer on flat car), or containers carried on trains as COFC (container on flat car). The technological innovations that have promoted the growth of inland centers include the double-stacking of containers on rail flat cars. In Canada a "hub and spoke" system is now in place, consisting of a small number of load centers (the hubs), each serving a regional market with trucks representing the spokes. It is noted that some Canadian terminals are U.S.-owned, and several other hubs south of the border have the potential to divert trade from Canada.


poses it to N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. In fish, both enzymes' activities were first found by Jeuniaux1) in the intestine and hepatopancreas of goldfish. Thereafter, to examine the function of digestive tract chitinolytic enzymes in fish, the activities of chitinase and ƒÀ-N-acetylhexosaminidase have been measured in many fishes.2-5) However, measurement was mainly carried out in the stomach. Therefore, there are few records about the distribution of both enzyme ac tivities in the digestive tracts other than the stomach. Consequently, the authors examined enzyme activity in the stomach, pyloric caeca, intestine, and liver of several fishes. The stomach, pyloric caeca, intestine, and liver were re moved from the fish. The digestive tracts were cut open, food items were removed, and the mucosal surface was washed free of any adhering particles with cold distilled water. Organs were homogenized with 10 volumes of 10 mm Tris-HCl buffer (pH7.4) containing 0.15 M NaCl. The homogenate was centrifuged at 12,000 •~ g for 30 min and the supernatant obtained was used as crude enzyme solu tion. The solution obtained from the liver was dialyzed further with the same buffer used for the crude enzyme solution. Measurement of chitinase activity was made according to the method prescribed by Imoto and Yagishita6) for measuring the amount of reduced sugar produced by an en zyme reaction with glycol chitin as substrate. One milliliter of 0.2 M phosphate-0.1 M citrate buffer solution (pH 4.0), 0.5 ml of crude enzyme solution, and 1 ml of 0.05% (w/ v)


CO2 storage in deep unrecoverable coal seams has become an effective method to curb greenhouse gas emission, which also contributes to an increase in coalbed methane (CBM) production. Due to high temperature and pressure in deep coal seams, the injected CO2 remains in a supercritical state. However, the influence of injecting supercritical CO2 into coal seams on coal permeability is not particularly clear at present. Therefore, this paper conducted a series of studies through high-pressure triaxial setups on the naturally fractured coal, the coal adsorbing supercritical CO2 for different times, and supercritical CO2-treated coal, respectively. In the experiment, the laws of coal permeability variation with different adsorption times of supercritical CO2 under different gas injection pressure were first determined. Results indicate that there is a decline in coal permeability in the initial stage because of the great swelling deformation induced by adsorption. Besides, the coal may find a rebound in permea...


Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in developing as well as developed countries, and the acute presentation occurs in the form of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) or unstable angina (UA)/non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). The process of acute myocardial infarction begins with an anatomic or functional obstruction in the coronary vascular bed, which results in regional myocardial ischemia and, if the ischemia persists, in infarction. Depending on the involved vessels, e.g., left anterior descending (LAD), left circumflex (LCx) or right coronary artery (RCA), it results in anterior wall myocardial infarction (AWMI), inferior wall myocardial infarction (IWMI), or right ventricular myocardial infarction (RVMI), etc.

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) involving two or more culprit lesions at the same time, known as double or combined infarction, is an extremely rare event with a grave prognosis [1, 2]. Here, we describe a case of a patient with acute myocardial infarction due to total occlusion of the left anterior descending and right coronary artery who presented with cardiogenic shock.


Obesity is a metabolic disorder and fundamental cause of other fatal diseases including atherosclerosis and cancer. One of the main factor that contributes to the development of obesity is high-fat (HF) consumption. In the present study, the changes in selected biochemical blood variables which are thought to represent risk factors coincident with obesity were compared between a group of normal control male albino rats and other groups suffering from obesity induced by feeding rats on fatty diet (fat 50 % diet). Also, histological studied on the liver were involved. In addition, the effects of two antioxidants (rutin and ozonized water) on the same variables were tested and followed in order to examine to what extent, they are valid to control the levels of these variables without any deleterious effects after treatment. Rutin or ozonized water were daily received orally for one and two months in two groups of obese rats in the following doses 50 mg rutin /kg b.wt/day and 0.5 ml ozonized water /kg b.wt/day, respectively. Fasting blood samples were drawn after one and two months at the terminal of the treatments. The obtained results revealed that induced obesity caused significant (p<0.05) increase of serum leptin, resistin, cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein (HDL-Ch), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-Ch), very low density lipoproteincholesterol (VLDLCh) and phospholipids as compared with their relevant level in normal control rats group. On the other hand, induced obesity in rats caused significant (p<0.05) decrease in the levels of serum free triiodothyronine (FT3). No remarkable changes occurred in the concentrations of serum free thyroxin (FT4). Histological examination of liver tissue after HFD feeding showed histological changes illustrated by necrotic cells; Kupffer cells proliferation, fatty degeneration and loss of hepatic architecture. Moreover, all these changes were supported by increase of DNA damage in hepatocytes. A marked correction following treatments of obese rats with rutin or ozonized water WORLD JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES SJIF Impact Factor 5.210 Volume 4, Issue 09, 1668-1694 Research Article ISSN 2278 – 4357 Article Received on 11 July 2015, Revised on 06 Aug 2015, Accepted on 31 Aug 2015


We describe two transformation methods for (strong) non-circular attribute grammars that allows them to be evaluated within the Sattributed environment of an LR parser. Traditionally the language designer, in order to get the evaluation done in one pass, has been confined to various restrictions of attribute definitions. If a larger class of attribute grammars was required, the entire dependency graph had to be saved for a post-parse traversal. Our methods represent a compromise in that attribute evaluation is normally performed on the fly except when, in some evaluation rule, the referenced attributes are unavailable, and the execution of the rule has to be postponed. Suspension and resumption points for these evaluation rules can either be determined statically (method 1) or dynamically (method 2). For both methods, we guarantee that resumption takes place as soon as possible. For the language designer it is now possible to continue using the one-pass model, but with the added option of being able to express "complicated" dependencies seamlessly, only paying for the extra power where it is used. The methods presented here can be used as a preprocessor to any parser generator that supports synthesized attributes, for instance Yacc.


My research explores the impact of the state-owned coal mining industry in eastern India on local tribal communities, who have been gradually dispossessed of their land through the expansion of opencast collieries, and have taken to illegal peddling of scavenged coal as a way to make a precarious living.


Cyclization of 4,8-dimethylnona-3,7-dienoic acid (homogeranic acid) in the presence of stannic chloride was studied under various conditions. Cyclization product obtained comprises 88 per cent trans- and 12 per cent cis-hexahydro-4,4,7a-trimethyl-2(3H)benzofuranone (trans- and cis-tetrahydroactinidiolide). Other products, such as monocyclic compounds, could not be detected in the reaction mixture. Isomerization of the trans isomer to the cis isomer in the presence of stannic chloride was also observed. It may be concluded that the cyclization reaction proceeds by a concerted mechanism.


Nine strains among 180 Streptomyces isolates produce a diffusible dark brown pigment on both peptone-yeast extract agar and synthetic tyrosine-agar. They also show the positive reaction to Ltyrosine or L-dopa substrates. The pigment has been referred to be as merely as dark brown watersoluble pigment, as melanoid or melanin. The different carbon and nitrogen sources which influence the pigment production in the Streptomyces isolates were also investigated, and the carotenoid content in the pigment was analyzed. The melanin formation in the Streptomyces species is the key feature for the classification of the Stretomyces group


The range in aluminum of the β− radiation of S35 has been determined and found to be 32.2 ± 0.3 mgm. per cm2. Using various range–energy relations the maximum energy has been estimated to be 169 ± 5 kev.


Purpose

The purpose of this paper is as follows: first, it aims to explain the overall economic implications of the trans-pacific partnership (TPP). Second, it aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the TPP's quantitative impact on an upper-middle economy such as Mexico, as well as on the USA.

Design/methodology/approach

The analysis is performed using a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model.

Findings

The results suggest that in the short run, both Mexico and the USA would slightly benefit from the TPP. Tariff reductions would lead to less bilateral trade between Mexico and the USA and the stronger integration of both countries with the rest of the TPP members. The opposite is true after a decrease in non-tariff barriers (NTBs). Overall, in terms of the impact on Mexico, trade integration with the rest of the TPP members prevails. This suggests that a TPP without the USA could still be beneficial.

Originality/value

Previous studies on the TPP have mainly focused on its impact for the USA, which is also analysed in the present study. The effects of the TPP are estimated for a broad set of micro and macroeconomic variables, paying particular attention to the reductions of NTBs.


Scanning electron microscopy and visual examination were used to study the physical changes occurring with temperature when Ni and Cu were used as modifiers for Se. During the pyrolysis stage of the electrothermal atomizer heating cycle, the Ni or Cu matrix was observed to shrink as the metal salt decomposed to the oxide and then the metal. This may have resulted in physical entrapment of Se, which coprecipitated with the excess of modifier salt during the drying stage, and this could contribute significantly to the stabilizing effect of Ni and Cu. Pyrolysis curves for Se in the presence of Ni or Cu show a characteristic dip, or decrease in thermal stability, at a pre-treatment temperature of about 800 °C. However, replacement of the Ar purge gas by H2 during the atomizer drying stage eliminated this dip, and this may be due to chemical or physical effects. During the atomization heating stage, the modifiers formed molten droplets, and analyte atomization was governed by its kinetically controlled release from these droplets. This is considered to be the major cause of analyte stabilization during atomization.


Advancements in lasers, spectrographs, and holographic optical components have made Raman spectroscopy an effective tool for non-destructive analysis of natural and synthetic materials. These advances have led to the development of both micro-Raman and remote Raman instrumentation for a lander or rover for planetary exploration. At the University of Hawaii (UH), we have developed remote Raman spectroscopic systems capable of measuring Raman spectra of minerals, inorganic and organic chemicals, and biogenic materials during daytime and nighttime to radial distances in the range 1 to 120 m. In this work, the authors review the current status of time-resolved remote Raman (TR3) spectroscopic instrumentation and its applications in Earth and planetary science.


> 'Belief in myths allows the comfort of opinion without the discomfort of thought.' John F. Kennedy

In superstitions, intuitive concepts and spurious attribution coexist with acquired rational knowledge. In animals 'superstitious learning' based on intermittent rewards, unlike the


In Roman aqueducts, series of vertical dropshafts were used to dissipate the kinetic energy of the flow: i.e., the dropshaft cascades. A re-analysis of Roman dropshaft hydraulics is conducted with physical model tests. Three basic flow patterns are observed. The results demonstrate that the vertical dropshaftscouldbeveryefficientenergydissipatorsandre-oxygenationstructures,underappropriateflowconditions.TheoptimumoperationofRoman dropshaft is discussed and an analytical model is developed to predict these conditions. Further the performances of aqueduct dropshafts are compared with modern dropshaft designs, and the operation of dropshaft cascades is discussed. Additional material is available upon request. Resume Certains aqueducs romains etaient equipes de cascades de puits de rupture, concues pour briser l'energie cinetique de l'ecoulement. On a conduit une serie de tests sur modeles physiques pour re-analyser l'hydraulique des puits de rupture romains. Les resultats demontrent trois regimes d'ecoulement. Dans des conditions optimales, les puits de rupture sont des systemes de perte de charge tres efficaces. Ces conditions optimales ont ete determinees avec des modeles physiques etanalytiques. Les performances des puits romains sont aussicomparees avec celles de puits modernes,et on discute aussi de l'operation des cascades de puits. Sur demande, l'auteur peut fournir de plus amples informations.


Aiming at the construction problems of the efficient certificate-based signature scheme,based on the computational Diffie-Hellman assumption,an efficient short Certificate-Base signature scheme is proposed with provable security under the random oracle model.Moreover,compared with the available provable security certificate-based signature schemes,this scheme is optimal about the efficiency and the length of signature.


A surface slicing planning method based on the K‐means clustering algorithm and improved fruit fly optimization algorithm (FOA) is proposed to address the efficiency problem in the surface processing of special shaped workpieces. The NURBS surface reconstruction is performed on the complex surface of the selected workpiece, and the K‐means clustering algorithm with the curvature‐distance factor is used to subdivide the surface, and the FOA with the hopping strategy is used to plan the optimal connection path for each subdivision with different starting points. This improves the local search capability of the FOA by improving the mixing of different classes that occurs when the surface is subdivided. Finally, the proposed method is demonstrated to be effective for surface slicing by simulating the slicing plan on the constructed heterogeneous workpiece surface, and the shortest connectivity paths are obtained for different starting points.


This paper present the past and current environmental studies in the Klang estuary presenting results of the studies on oil spills, E-coli, suspended solids and sediments. The tools used for the studies are discussed. The flow characteristics and the hydrodynamics of the estuary determine the travel of the pollutants. The oil spill is predicted to spread all over the place whereas the linear decaying pollutant (E-Coli) spreads and dissolves near the source. The suspended sediment concentration is higher during spring tides with about 50 % of the load entering from the Klang river. Finally, the impacts of the dumping of dredged materials and the sediments on the estuary system are presented.


The 187Os/188Os ratio of the oceans has increased markedly during the Cenozoic Era, particularly during the past 15 My (Pegram et al., 1992; Peucker-Ehrenbrink et al., 1995). Some authors attribute this rise to increased weathering caused by the Himalayan collision, in analogy with similar models proposed to explain the seawater Sr isotopic record. In order to test this hypothesis we analysed sediment samples from major rivers and several tributaries in Central Nepal and Bangladesh, as well as potential source rocks in the various formations of the Himalayan Range. The Re-Os extraction techniques described by Birck et al. (1997) were used for bulk sample analyses, while leachates were prepared using the procedure described by Pegram et al. (1992). The Himalayan range can be divided into three main units. These are, from N to S: (1) the Tethyan Sedimentary Series (TSS), composed primarily of sediments of Cambian to Eocene age; (2) the High Himalaya Crystalline series (HHC), comprising mostly highly metamorphosed paragneisses and leucogranites; and (3) the Lesser Himalaya (LH), composed mainly of less strongly metamorphosed metasediments with Sr and Nd ratios indicative of very long crustal residence ages. In all three units, several sediment samples were collected in small river basins confined to single lithologic terrains. In the LH, sediments were also collected from larger rivers and thus include contributions from the lithologic units (TSS + HHC) further upstream. The 187Os/lSSOs ratios (Fig. 1) of the analysed river sediments and rocks are quite variable. Nevertheless, we can distinguish several systematic features. (1) The TSS samples are rather unradiogenic (187Os/188Os between 0.9 and 1.I for the sediments, 0.7 and 1.4 for the source rocks) and have concentrations varying between 20 and 106 ppt. (2) The HHC rocks have 187Os/188Os ratios between 0.9 and 2.6 and HHC sediments, with ratios of about 1.7, indicate a rather radiogenic average composition. Os concentrations of both rocks and sediments are quite low, between 7 and 50 ppt. (3) The LH is very heterogeneous. 187Os/188Os varies from 0.7 to 3.0 among the sediments derived solely from this formation and from 1.4 to 7.8 among the rocks. The concentrations are also extremely variable, ranging from less than 10 to 500 ppt. Notably, the source rock samples that have the highest Os isotopic ratios, the organic-rich metasediments, also have the highest Os concentrations. (4) River bedload from major rivers draining the whole system have 187Os/188Os ratios between 2.0 and 4.0 and their composition appears to be essentially buffered by the contribution of the Lesser Himalaya erosion. (5) Three sediments from the Indo-Gangetic Plain were analysed. The single sample from the Ganges has a 187Os/188Os ratio (2.60) consistent with those of sediments collected in one of the major Ganges tributaries at the outflow of the Himalayan range, as well as with the Ganges leachate Os isotopic ratio measured by Pegram et al. (1994). In contrast, 2 samples from the Brahmaputra have Os isotopic ratios of about 0.6, which is lower than any value measured among the Central Nepal samples. The reason for the non-radiogenic nature of the Brahmaputra samples (loss of radiogenic Os, mineralogical sorting, or change in the composition of the Himalayan source rocks from west to east along the chain) remains to be clarified. The highly radiogenic character of many river sediments, including those at the outflow of the range, can be explained by the addition of a small fraction (< 5%) of organic-rich sedimentary rocks with high Os concentrations and strongly radiogenic Os isotopic ratios to less radiogenic sediments derived from the HHC or the LH formations. Sr and Nd isotopic data indicate that the LH formation does not contribute more than 35% of the sediment bedload at the outflow of the range. Despite the limited volumetric input from this formation, LH black shales may have a disproportionately large


The corruption of university administrators can be divided into three types:economic corruption,industry corruption and academic corruption.This paper intends to analyze the common mechanism,profession mechanism and culture mechanism that lead to this phenomenon.To prevent and control university administrators' corruption,the paper proposes four systems:first,to establish scientific and efficient internal management system in modern universities;second,to establish and improve the power structure and operating mechanism and to enhance check and balance among decision rights,executive rights and supervision rights;third,to reform and improve the mechanism of discipline inspection at the grassroots level;fourth,to establish a scientific configuration system for power structure,a supervision system for standard power operation as well as an informationized prevention and control system for integrity risks.


The thesis presents a method to appraise hotel properties in St Petersburg and uses a real case to describe the process. The market value of the chosen property is assessed in relation to the value-determinants legislation, taxation, financial markets and market competition.


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There are many ideas about the spiritual consequences of suicide and how it might affect reincarnation. This article examines twelve verified past-life memory cases that provide a scientific basis for understanding the implications of self-killing, half of them investigated by Ian Stevenson, the rest by other researchers. These verified cases suggest that following suicide, the intermission between lives is unusually short and that the return often is to a relative or friend. As in other reincarnation cases, personality and behavioural traits carry over from life to life.


Wood is one of the most sustainable, aesthetically pleasing and environmentally benign materials. Dry wood materials are susceptible to fire hazards and results heavy losses of life and materials every year; hence protection against fire is necessary. The present study deals with the treatment of plywood with two different fire retardant cum preservative compositions by vacuum pressure method to offer protection against fire and bio-deterioration. The performance of treated plywood against fire is tested by flame penetration test, inflammability test and rate of burning test as per Indian Standards. The results showed that the mean time taken by control i.e. 17:24 and 19:44 minutes was significantly different (P < 0.05) from both compositions "A" (32:07 and 30:32 minutes) and "B" (42:03 and 33:53 minutes) in Flame penetration test and Inflammability test respectively whereas, in rate of burning test the time of weight loss from 30 to 70 percent were 1:44 minutes in control which was significantly lower than both the composition "A" (26:22 minutes) and "B" (27:58 minutes). Hence, it may be concluded that both the formulations performed as per standard and it can be recommended for application.


A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T Article history: Received: 11 November, 2019 Accepted: 27 December, 2019 Online: 07 February, 2020 Noninvasive measurement of skin tissue oxygen saturation, StO2, is of interest especially in the studies of wound healing and detection of vascular diseases. This work aims to compare Partial Least Square (PLS) regression, K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) technique in the prediction of StO2 using spectral data obtained from Monte Carlo simulations. We found a good performance of PLS technique with mean and standard deviation (SD) of the absolute prediction errors given by 2(1.37) % for noisy data with signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 30 dB. The errors increased to 4.67(3.87) % under SNR of 20 dB. This is followed by KNN technique, which calculated errors varied from 4.28(3.58) % to 7.61(6.08) % with a decrease in SNR. Meanwhile ANN produced large errors in its prediction ranging from 4 to 9 % for the considered SNR values. This work concluded PLS is suitable for use in selecting significant spectral information for the development of prediction models using artificial intelligent (AI) system or a hybrid combination of AIs to achieve a higher accuracy.


The present invention that by setting the reference range by the touch node is adaptively related to touch or without determination can improve the touch sensitivity and accuracy of the touch sensor drive device and method for applying to a touch sensor drive device of the invention with the touch sensor .; Also driving the touch sensor as well as with the read-out circuit for detecting and outputting the data row by touch node using the touch-lead-per-channel received from the sensor signal; And if compared to the raw data by touch node from the readout circuit and the same reference value previously set is determined touch whether or not the primary, and the raw data is less than the reference value, considering the small external environmental conditions than the reference value the touch node each compared to a reference range and said low data previously set, and determines the touch or without secondarily, the reference range by using a for a number of frames without a touch collect the touch node row data by collecting the raw data the touch reset by each node, and a signal processor to output the calculated touch coordinate according to the determination result whether or not the touch.


The Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System (HS) is the mostsuccessful legally binding instrument of the World Customs Organization (WCO) with 156contracting parties. More and more countries and economic regions are applying the HSnomenclature worldwide. But not all member states are applying the same version of the HSnomenclature. Developing countries are allowed to use another (earlier) version of thenomenclature according to article 4 HS, however the WCO does not define the term"developing countries".     In the main section this paper discusses the term "developing countries" andexamines the nomenclature application by HS member states and non-member states. Itdisplays data from 2008 and 2017 on the positon of HS parties regarding the version of thenomenclature they apply and explains that not only developing nations are not applying themost actual HS 2017 nomenclature but also two advanced economies (Iceland andSingapore): 83 out of 156 contracting parties have successfully implemented the HS 2017and 56 HS member states are still using older HS versions. Four contracting parties areplanning to implement the HS 2017 in 2018 and one in 2019. 46 HS applicants are so callednon-members and not HS member states in 2017. Three non-members are advancedeconomies (all three are WTO members): Hong Kong, Macao and Liechtenstein.The membership development of the HS is examined and future accessions areforecasted.     This paper is researched by help of the WCO publications on the HS, the legal textsof the HS and the position of parties for the HS, the WCO publications for the signature andratification of the Harmonised System Convention and by help of WTO publications on theirmembership and observers.     The methods used during the study are analysis, synthesis, comparison,generalization, systematic and functional analysis.


The functions and underlying mechanisms of homeobox B9 (HOXB9) in scar formation remain unclear; therefore, the present study aimed to investigate whether HOXB9 is highly expressed in hypertrophic scar formation. Immunohistochemistry was performed to examine the expression levels of laminin, fibronectin (FN), collagen type I (Col1) and HOXB9 in hypertrophic scar and healthy skin tissues, and in lentivirus-constructed HOXB9-overexpressed or -silenced fibroblasts (FBs). Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were performed to evaluate the mRNA and protein expression levels of HOXB9, laminin, FN, Col1, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38, p-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p-ERK and p-p38. A gel contraction assay was used to evaluate the effect of HOXB9 on FB contraction. Co-immunoprecipitation assays were performed to verify the reciprocal interactions between HOXB9 and ERK, JNK and p38. It was demonstrated that HOXB9, laminin, FN and Col1 were upregulated in hypertrophic scar tissues, and HOXB9 upregulated laminin, FN, Col1, p-ERK, p-JNK and p38, potentially by interacting directly with p38. Furthermore, FBs overexpressing HOXB9 exhibited enhanced contractile capacity. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that HOXB9 may facilitate hypertrophic scar formation via activating the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway.


This study was carried out to evaluate the structure activity relationship and biochemical effects of some novel of anti-inflammatory triazoloquinazolines and triazinoquinazolines containing sulfacetamide moiety. Some of the newly synthesized compounds 4-17 showed good anti-inflammatory activities. Also, the median lethal doses (LD 50s ) of compounds 8, 10 and 17 in mice were 370, 338 and 295 mg/100g b.w., respectively. Oral administration of compounds 8, 10 and 17 to the rats at dose of 300 mg/kg.b.w. for 10 days showed non-significant changes in liver enzymes SGOT, SGPT, ALP, LDH, γ -GT, SOD and GPx and blood GSH and serum TBARs as compared with the control group. But, administration of indomethacin orally to the rats at a concentration of 600 mg/kg b.w daily for 10 days to rats showed significant increase in serum SGOT, SGPT, ALP, LDH, γ -GT and TBARs and significant decrease in blood GSH, SOD and GPx. These findings suggest that compounds 8, 10 and 17 exhibited good anti-inflammatory activity and more safe on rat liver enzymes.


The article analyzes the activities of the Nazi "Special Mission Linz", its organization and preparations for the opening of the Fuhrer-Museum in Linz. By A. Hitler's design, Berlin was supposed to become a kind of Rome, and Linz – to become the European capital of world art. Although this museum was never established, its creation project and precious collections, most of which were seized from Jewish families, deserve a great deal of attention, and the connected with it secrets continue to be a concern of mankind. The crucial role in the selection and formation of the creating museum's expositions was played by its leaders. They took charge of future museum and selected for it the most precious items of the looted collections of Europe, coordinating the process of museum's filling with Hitler.
The author finds out that the Fuhrer-Museum in Linz expositions consisted mainly of art collections of Jews. The main criterion for the selection of valuable pieces of art for the museum was its belonging to the European high art.
The article analyzes the components of the "mission's" activities, outlines the routes of the artworks, which got into the museum collections in different ways. Besides, significant attention is paid in the article to the key figures: architects whose projects were approved by the Fuhrer, leaders of the museum in Linz – art historians and other executors who were directly involved in organizing and conducting of a large-scale looting of cultural property in Europe. The author notes that the purpose of the "Special Mission Linz", was, inter alia, to find artworks created by masters of "Aryan" birth. The study emphasizes that such kind of museum establishment was an attempt to prove the greatness and steadfastness of the German Reich. It is noted in the article that Hitler was planning to build cultural centers in Königsberg and Drontheim (Norway) during the war. The Fuhrer wanted to establish a museum with cultural property from Eastern Europe in Königsberg, and the artworks of German authors were supposed to decorate the exposition of the newly created museum in Drontheim – the northernmost center of the future Great Empire. The fact that the Fuhrer-Museum in Linz was never built does not give any grounds to reject the facts of systematic looting and confiscation of cultural property that were conducting during many years of Nazi rule.


Diarrhoea refers to the passage of loose or watery stools at an increased frequency. It may affect patients of all ages and nearly everyone will have an episode of diarrhoea at some point in their lives. Although common, diarrhoea can be life threatening in children and other high-risk individuals, making diagnosis and management important in these groups.


Using the retention indices of hydrocarbons to predict the octanol\|water partition coefficients( logK ow ) is proposed. The influence of the polarity of the stationary phase on the degree of accuracy of the predicting value of the logk ow was studied. The retention indices that determined on the weak polar stationary phase can give more accurate predicting value of the logK ow. The hydrocarbon should be classified as paraffin, olefins, naphthenes and aromatics, then the ideal result can be gotten by each type of predicting formula.