Exercise has anti-inflammatory properties useful to prevent and treat some chronic diseases. The expression of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) increases in skeletal muscle after exercise. In many tissues, ATF3 regulates the inflammatory response. Whether ATF3 contributes to the anti-inflammatory properties of exercise in skeletal muscle was unknown. To understand the role of ATF3 in skeletal muscle, we used a mutant mouse model unable to express ATF3 (ATF3-KO). We found that the expression of some inflammation-related genes was higher in ATF3-KO than control mice postexercise. ATF3-KO mice also had an impaired molecular adaptation to training in skeletal muscle. Our data suggest ATF3 is an important regulator of the inflammation postexercise, which could influence training adaptation in skeletal muscle. Since inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases, the identification of ATF3 as an exercise-induced anti-inflammatory factor is relevant for future studies.


The independence of random events isa particularly important concept in probability theory.It is difficult to understand mutual independent and mutual exclusive for beginners.The author starts from the independence concept,and analyzes with examples,it provides some help for beginners or young teachers.


Proposed of a model of microstrip balun based on metamaterial ,it uses the unique aspect of negative dielectric constant and negative magnetic permeability of metamaterial in the microwave , and designs the dielectric substrate , based on which we constructed a microstrip balun which can translate unbalanced 50 ohm signal to 120 ohm balanced .Simulation results show that it can perform well at reducing the size of balun , at the return loss (s11) ,insertion loss (s21) from 2G to 6G. As well as it can effectively meet the two-ports phase difference about 180 degrees.


The embodiment of the invention discloses an air intake grill device for an electric automobile and a control method. The air intake device comprises an air intake grill and a controller, wherein the air intake grill is arranged on the front side of the electric automobile; a motor for driving the air intake grill to be opened and closed is arranged on the air intake grill; when the controller finds out that the electric automobile is in a defrosting mode, the air intake grill is driven by the motor to be closed; when the controller finds out that the electric automobile is in a normal mode, the air intake grill is driven by the motor to be opened. Therefore, when the electric automobile is in the defrosting mode, the air intake grill on the front side does not intake air, so that the heat of the condenser cannot be taken away, the defrosting time is shortened, energy consumption of the electric automobile is reduced, and the endurance mileage is prolonged. The embodiment of the invention further discloses the control method of the air intake grill device for the electric automobile.


Tamano Smelter of Hibi Kyodo Smelting Co., Ltd.started its operation in January 1972, employing FSFE (Flash Smelting Furnace with Furnace Electrodes) for smelting and PRC (Periodic Reverse Current) for refining.Its original production capacities were 101, 000 tonnes per year of anode copper and 84, 000 tonnes per year of electrolytic copper.Tamano Smelter has steadily increased production capacity, improved productivity and reduced production cost.The production capacities of anode copper and electrolytic copper have been increased to 226, 300 and 161, 000 tonnes per year, respectively.This paper describes the production capacity expansions, energy saving and the other technical improvements and developments for the last 10 years.


Surveillance after oncological treatment constitutes a necessary element of comprehensive cancer care. Determining optimal follow-up schedules, including their cost effectiveness, is critical on clinical, organisational and economic grounds. Owing to a lack of prospective clinical studies providing the highest level of evidence, in most cancers optimal surveillance schemes cannot be determined. Hence, currently most recommendations are based on retrospective studies and expert opinions. In Poland comprehensive and uniform recommendations on post-treatment surveillance in cancer patients are not available. This article, prepared by a group of experts in oncology and family medicine, presents a proposal for the follow-up schemes after treatment in major solid


Gertrude L. Oetting is Librarian of Taylor Allderdice High School in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. THROW wide the doors of our libraries and let the young people in! All the wisdom of the ages, the laughter and tears of generations past awaits them, hidden from view, between the pages. Here it remains, an inaccessible hoard of treasure, until, urged on by some inquiring mind, a restless hand destroys the order of the books and opens one to redis-


We present first experiments that visualize the spatial pattern formed by optically excited carriers in a photoconductive switch. The luminescence emitted from an electrically biased GaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum well is spatially resolved with a CCD camera after optical excitation with femtosecond laser pulses. Information about the spatial electron and hole distributions is extracted from the measured luminescence patterns using a simple analytical model. Our analysis demonstrates that the field-driven electron–hole dynamics substantially varies across the excitation spot. This result can be traced back to the density dependence of screening combined with the lateral variation of the carrier density. Our results prove the importance of spatial effects for the carrier dynamics in photoconductive switches and open up new avenues for further optimization of these devices as, e.g., THz emitters.


Solvent effects on reaction constant ρ for the dissociation equilibria of several series of organic acids are analysed in terms of three factors, namely, (i) variation in the effective dielectric constant, (ii) variation in the hydrogen-bonding ability of solvents, and (iii) variation in the conformation of the acids. A fourth factor, variation in the charge developed in the transition state of the reaction, is included in the analysis of ρ for reactions between diazodiphenylmethane and several series of carboxylic acids. It is shown that the ρ values for the dissociation equilibria of series of acids in other solvents can be calculated from their ρ values in water.


A neural network (NN) model which possesses the properties of invariance to both left-right/up-down image translation and integer multiples of 90 degrees image rotation is computer simulated. This invariance network comprises two distinct subnetworks, the preprocessor and the adaptive descrambler, which are themselves NNs. Although the overall structure of the network mimics that of the MADALINE invariance NN of B. Widrow (1987), the operation of the two networks is different. Sigmoidal nonlinearities (versus hardlimiting nonlinearities in the Widrow model) are used for the neurons in this model. Consequently, a conventional conjugate gradient optimization routine can be utilized to train the weights in the network on standard (normal reading position and centered in the field of view) input images. Once trained on the standard images only, the network is also capable of recognizing as the same image one with left-right/up-down translation or integer multiples of 90 degrees rotation. Successful simulation results are achieved for both bipolar and gray-level input images.<<ETX>>


Aims: To assess left (LV) and right ventricular (RV) function by two‐dimensional (2D) speckle tracking echocardiography and its relation to myocardial fibrosis in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Methods: We enrolled 50 HCM patients (30 male; 47.3 ± 9.9 years) in our study. Each patient received echocardiography with modern high‐end scanners. For speckle tracking analysis of LV and RV function the dedicated software was used. The presence of myocardial fibrosis was detected by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Results: For intraobserver variability of RV global longitudinal strain, we found a correlation of r = 0.89 (p < 0.001) with a minor bias of 4.9 ± 2.9%. On cardiac MRI 30 patients (60%) demonstrated late gadolinium‐enhancement (LGE) of the LV. Of these patients only 7% showed LGE of the RV. HCM patients with myocardial fibrosis had less global longitudinal LV strain in comparison to patients without myocardial fibrosis (−12.8 ± 2.2 vs −21.1 ± 2.6, P < 0.001), thicker interventricular septums (23.7 ± 4.0 vs 19.2 ± 5.1, P < 0.001), larger left atria (34.9 ± 7.1 vs 23.9 ± 5.1, P < 0.001), and impaired diastolic function (E/A‐ratio: 1.02 ± 0.22 vs 1.15 ± 0.18, P < 0.01). Comparable results were found for RV function. LV and RV strain correlated with r = 0.85 (p < 0.001). Conclusions: HCM is not only a disease of the LV. LGE in HCM is associated with both LV and RV dysfunction. Although RV LGE occurs only in a minority of patients with HCM and LV fibrosis, speckle tracking echocardiography is feasible for evaluating LV and RV dysfunction in these patients. (Echocardiography 2012;29:438‐444)


Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is present in 10–32% of chronic liver disease patients, carries a poor prognosis and is treatable by liver transplantation (LT). Previous reports have shown high LT mortality in HPS and severe HPS (arterial oxygen (PaO2) ≤50 mmHg). We reviewed outcomes in HPS patients who received LT between 2002 and 2008 at two transplant centers supported by a dedicated HPS clinic. We assessed mortality, complications and gas exchange in 21 HPS patients (mean age 51 years, MELD score 14), including 11/21 (52%) with severe HPS and 5/21 (24%) with living donor LT (median follow‐up 20.2 months after LT). Overall mortality was 1/21 (5%); mortality in severe HPS was 1/11 (9%). Peritransplant hypoxemic respiratory failure occurred in 5/21 (24%), biliary complications in 8/21 (38%) and bleeding or vascular complications in 6/21 (29%). Oxygenation improved in all 19 patients in whom PaO2 or SaO2 were recorded. PaO2 increased from 52.2 ± 13.2 to 90.3 ± 11.5 mmHg (room air) (p < 0.0001) (12 patients); a higher baseline macroaggregated albumin shunt fraction predicted a lower rate of postoperative improvement (p = 0.045) (7 patients). Liver transplant survival in HPS and severe HPS was higher than previously demonstrated. Severity of HPS should not be the basis for transplant refusal.


(57) Abstract: support structure for the opening range of the crankcase oil pan closer is provided with a plate-shaped component (3). The component includes a crankcase is reinforced by the fixed ring (14) is fixed to the crank case wall, and is formed integrally for accommodating a balance shaft bearings (8, 9).


Block copolymers (BCPs) self-assemble into well-ordered morphologies ranging from spheres to cylinders to lamellae depending upon their chemical structures, preparation conditions and dynamic processes. Recently, ion/BCP hybrids have become highly attractive materials due to their flexibility, processability, self-assembling ability and novel features of inorganic components such as electronic, magnetic and optical properties. Therefore, to control the structure and functionalization of ion/BCP hybrids has been a significant challenge in material preparation and manufacturing. The progress of ion/BCP hybrids in bulk and thin films including the influence of ions upon the phase behavior of AB diblock and ABC triblock copolymer bulks has been reviewed, starting from fundamental principles and extending to recent promising developments, along with contributions to aligning block copolymer nanostructures and important applications such as solid-state batteries, fuel cells, nanolithography, templating, and patterning of nanoparticles.


The invention relates to an intelligent control system and a method using a modulated signal and associated with a TRIAC light modulator. For instance, a system controller comprises a first controller terminal which is configured to receive a first signal, and a transistor comprising a first transistor terminal, a second transistor terminal and a third transistor terminal. In addition, the system controller comprises a second controller terminal coupled to the first transistor terminal, and a third controller terminal coupled to the third transistor terminal. The system controller is configured to determine whether the first signal is associated with the leading edge phase-cut type TRIAC light modulator at least partially based on the first signal, and the leading edge phase-cut type TRIAC light modulator is configured to receive an AC input voltage at least associated with a first semicycle from a beginning moment to an end moment.


This paper addresses networks of recursive processing elements (RPEs) that exhibit, even at the single node level, rich dynamics and switching between ordered, erratic (chaotic) and diverse periodic trajectories. These networks are considered here for the implementation of bidirectional heteroassociation. These newly proposed architectures are named RPE-BAM. Dynamic mixture of erratic and ordered dynamics is explored, during the episodes of: a) input prompting; b) search for the embedded heteroassociations compatible with the input pattern; c) the production of an heteroassociation pair. Concepts and design methods on RPE-BAMs and on parametric coupling of recursive nodes are discussed, and numerical experiments are analyzed, showing robust operation of the RPE-BAM architecture.


Skips Medication Doses or Doesn't Fill Prescriptions N early one-quarter of the elderly say they skip medication doses or fail to get prescriptions filled because of cost concerns, a new survey finds. Conducted in eight states by the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation,The Commonwealth Fund, and Tufts–New England Medical Center, the study also finds that one of four seniors spent $100 or more per month on their prescription medicines in 2001.Access to drug coverage and scope of benefits, furthermore, depend substantially on where one lives and on income: in some states, nearly one of three seniors are without prescription coverage. The survey of nearly 11,000 Medicare beneficiaries age 65 and older was conducted in California, Colorado, Illinois, Michigan, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Texas.These states account for 42 percent of the 65-and-older population, and 41 percent of lowincome elderly adults (those at less than twice the poverty level), nationwide. Dana Gelb Safran, who directs the Health Institute at What's Inside:


An experimental study on the behavior of cold-formed stainless steel beams subjected primarily to shear is presented. The purpose of this investigation was to obtain the necessary information on the local shear buckling strength of stainless steel beam webs. The materials under investigation were stainless steels Type 304, 430 and a modified Type 409 designated 3CR12, a corrosion resisting steel. The stress-strain curves of stainless steels differ from that of carbon steel in that stainless steels yield gradually. Therefore the results obtained in the investigation differ from those results obtained from testing cold-formed carbon steel beams.


ABSTRACT Heritage sites are shared by several stakeholders with different values that leading multiple interpretations and uses. Tourism stakeholders play critical roles in developing and planning sustainable heritage tourism. However, little research has been conducted to investigate simultaneously their value perceptions toward heritage sites. Using Petra Archaeological Park as an example, this paper addresses the issue of the perception attached by tourism stakeholders towards archaeological park values. The results indicate that all stakeholders appreciate Petra to be preserved and kept for future generations. However, results show that residents and local business owners support the preservation of Petra not only for its heritage value but also for economic benefits, while tourists and government officials are more preservation oriented than use-oriented. This study generates useful and practical information for both heritage management professionals and academics on national and international level.


[Ull89] Ullman, J.D. "Principles of database and knowledge-base systems", volumes 1 and 2. [Urp93] Urpí, T "El mètode dels esdeveniments interns per al càlcul de canvis en bases de dades deductives", Ph.D. thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, 1993, (in catalan). implication mentioned before δProduct(p,n) → δAux2(p) and δAux2(p) → ¬ ∃s Supplier n (s,p) and, thus, Supplier n (s,p) will be false. We have reviewed the Internal Events Method for change computation in deductive databases. That method derives rules that compute efficiently the changes induced by an update, but it takes into account only the knowledge given by primary key integrity constraints. In the paper, we have extended the method by considering four additional integrity constraints:-Alternate keys constraints-Exclusion dependencies-Inclusion dependencies-Referential integrity constraints We have shown that the knowledge derived from such integrity constraints can simplify the change computation rules, thus obtaining a significant improvement in performance. We already have implemented the automatic generation of the transition and internal events rules taking into account the primary and alternate key constraints. We plan to further formalize the new simplifications, to study the order of their application, which may depend of the extensional database, and to implement them. Acknowledgements We would like to thank to


Metrology target quality highly impacts overlay measurement accuracy and robustness. Factors that can affect target quality include target pattern symmetry, pattern uniformity over one target, and target quality variation within wafer, wafer to wafer and lot to lot. Historically, multiple studies have revealed how metrology pattern asymmetry causes overlay measurement inaccuracy issues. Target design can address pattern asymmetry induced overlay error, to some extent, by providing a process compatible design. Metrology targets synchronously consider process compatibility, metrology system capability and target design basic rule. In some cases, the minimum design rule is constrained by process condition. Staircase loop layers of the 3D-NAND integration process are the typical case where resist thickness limits the accessible minimum CD/pitch. The required larger CD/pitch sometimes even violates the basic design rule of the metrology target. In this study, a novel target design is applied to address thick photo-resist processes. Compared to the baseline, the new target design helps address overlay error induced by pattern asymmetry, thus improving thick resist layers overlay measurement accuracy.


Purpose: To present a unique case of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy presenting as a blind, painful eye with a suspected intraocular mass, and to correlate clinical findings with histopathologic studies. Methods: Clinical case report and literature review. Results: A 58-year-old Vietnamese man presented with a blind, painful eye with concern for an intraocular mass. B-scan ultrasonography showed massive intraocular hemorrhage and could not rule out a tumor. The patient underwent enucleation and the histopathologic findings were consistent with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. Conclusion: Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy can present with dense vitreous hemorrhage and may masquerade as an intraocular mass. It can progress rapidly and lead to profound, irreversible vision loss. A diagnosis of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy should be considered in patients of African or East Asian origin presenting with vitreous hemorrhage.


We examine the reliability of the theoretical methods presently used for analysis and prediction of neutrino oscillation phenomena. Of particular interest are the limitations imposed by branch points when expansions in one of the small parameters of the Standard Neutrino Model (SNM) are made to obtain tractable results. Our evaluation compares the approximate oscillation probabilities for flavor-changing transitions in the $(\nu_e , \nu_\mu)$ sector to exact results obtained from of a recently-developed exact analytical representation of neutrino oscillations in matter within the SNM. From our numerical comparisons, we are able to identify regions where the existing approaches can be improved to take full advantage of the higher quality data expected at future neutrino facilities.


This study aims to reveal the relationship of mathematics with a culture that has been considered to be unrelated. This research was conducted on mbojo tribe society in Bima and Dompu districts. The focus of this research was about the weaving activities of the mbojo tribe society that produces the geometry pattern on their woven fabrics (tembe nggoli). The method used in this research was ethnography method with data collection technique that was through observation, interview to the weaver community of tembe nggoli of mbojo tribe society, documentation of geometry forms contained on tembe nggoli, to the making of field notes followed by literature study about geometry. The results of this study indicate that there is a concept of geometry at woven fabric (tembe nggoli) of mbojo tribe society that can be used as a source of learning and make students and the community better understand the relationship between their culture with the concept of mathematics.


The invention belongs to the technical field of farm chemical herbicides, and particularly relates to a herbicide composition containing halauxifen-methyl and diquat. The herbicide composition is suitable for uncultivated land. The weight ratio of the active ingredient halauxifen-methyl to the active ingredient diquat ranges from 1:9.4 to 1:600. According to the herbicide composition, the weed control spectrum is broadened, the control effect is enhanced, the situation that the herbicide resistance of weeds can be rapidly generated when weed control is performed with a single herbicide is avoided, generation of the herbicide resistance of weeds is retarded, the dosage is reduced, the use cost is lowered, and environmental pollution is relieved.


The digital convergence is accelerating the merging between Device, Service and platform and is causing the competency of the Mobile Device Platform. Customer value, demand is regenerating the rules of value from the Value Network/Chain. However the study on Mobile Platform and the services is still at the early stages. From the study the evolution of the device, Platform and the service will be predicted.


In the study, the relationship between tax revenues and economic growth for the Turkish
economy has been examined in the period of 1975-2011. Johansen Juselious cointegration test and Granger causality test have been used in order to find long term and short term
relationship, respectively. Impulse-response function and variance decomposition analysis
have been applied via VAR model. The findings have shown that there is interaction between
tax revenue types and the economic growth in the long term and is not such an interaction in
the short term. The effect of the shock given to indirect tax revenue to economic growth rate
has decline; the response of growth rate to shock given to direct tax revenue has been
tendency to rise up towards the end of the period. In the variance decomposition method;
direct tax revenue is more effective than indirect one. But, the growth rate that is expressed by
GDP (gross domestic product) or other factors affecting growth rather than tax revenue has
been appeared affected itself.
Keywords: Direct tax, indirect tax, economic growth, granger causality test, co-integration
test, VAR


The basis for a genetic classification of geotectonic elements is provided by the works of several geologists. Bubnoff has presented a spatial classification: continental blocks, oceanic basins, geosynclines, and mobile and stable shelves. Stille has described an evolutionary development of the geotectonic elements through four stages here referred to as: (1) the primary geosynclinal stage, (2) the primary mountain building stage, (3) the secondary mountain building stage, and (4) the stage of final differential uplift and local subsidence. Characteristic magmatic and sedimentational features are associated with the elements developed in each of the stages. Kay, Kuenen, Umbgrove, and others have provided refinements to the interpretation of geotectonic elements. A nomenclature has arisen that is believed to be generally useful in the discussion of geotectonics.


Karst topography's effective investigation is the important aspects to guarantee the project construction security and the quality in karst area.By thinking the application condition,the ground penetrating radar method is more suitable for the shallow layer complex karst topography investigation compared with other geophysics method.This paper introduced ground penetrating radar's principle in karst topography investigation,analyzes radar wave dissemination characteristic and the curve characteristic in the karst area,and presented the project examples to discuss ground penetrating radar's application in karst topography investigation.The results shows that this technology can effectively complete the karst area engineering geology investigate work,and the methods have the good prospects and the application value.


All graphs in this paper are undirected and connected graphs. An ordered k-partition set [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text], the representation of a vertex [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] with respect to [Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] is the distance between the vertex v and the set [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text]. The partition set [Formula: see text] is a local resolving partition of [Formula: see text] if [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text] adjacent to [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text]. The minimum local resolving partition [Formula: see text] is a local partition dimension of [Formula: see text], denoted by [Formula: see text]. In our paper, we found the sharp bounds of the local partition dimension of [Formula: see text] and determine the exact value of some special graph.


Factor substitution is a continuous process in agriculture. Fanners substitute one factor for another in production. U.K. agriculture witnessed radical changes in factor substitution during the last few decades. These changes are mainly due to rapid scientific and technological advances and the increasing application of modern technology in agriculture. The main objective of this paper is to analyse the nature of factor substitution in U.K. agriculture in a multi-input-multi-output framework. The specific objectives are: i) to investigate the changing input demand by estimating the own-and cross-price elasticities of demand for the major agricultural inputs, and ii) to measure the substitutability and complementarity relation- ships among the inputs by estimating the Allen Elasticities of Substitution (AES), Morishima Elasticities of substitution (MES) and Shadow Elasticities of Substitution (SES)


Objective:  To determine the relationship between CD4 count and other blood indices and to explore the prediction of total lymphocyte count (TLC) for CD4 count in HIV‐infected patients.


There is no greater crime than genocide. It is absolute terror, committed against humanity by humanity. The horrific events of 1994 in our country, in which an estimated one million people were murdered, were deliberate, premeditated and cold-blooded. This is not a chapter in the history of our country that can easily be forgotten. That is why the last ten years have been a series of challenges for all of us in Rwanda as we sought to uplift ourselves from the legacy of the genocide and together strive to rebuild a stable, peaceful and prosperous Rwanda. When the Government of National Unity was formed in July 1994, Rwanda was in utter anarchy We had just lost one million of our people and most survivors had had many brushes with death and had seen their relatives killed. There was total displacement of the population. Over three million people had sought refuge in neighbouring countries, and many more were internally displaced. There were countless numbers of orphans, widows and widowers, thousands of handicapped people and generally a very vulnerable population. A cloud of insecurity loomed over Rwanda, as the former soldiers and the militia reorganized themselves, intent on continuing their genocidal campaign with the support of the then Zaire, now the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), and their many friends in the international community. Law and order had completely broken down. Large-scale atrocities were still going on in parts of the country. All national law enforcement agencies and judicial institutions had ceased to exist and the system of administration of justice had come to a complete standstill. Social and economic infrastructure was in a state of collapse. All economic indicators showed a desperate situation, with the inflation standing at 65 per cent, and most economic activity having ground to a complete halt. Neither schools nor hospitals were functioning. The civil service had been decimated or its


On the basis of the two geological factors rock structure and ground stress environment,a visco elastic plastic model is established to analyze the rock stability of dam foundation and dam abutment during excavation by a kind of FE condensed method.Rock mechanics is applied in analysing the dynamic process of displacements,stresses,yielding destruction of construction base level,soft interface of dam foundation.Results of the FE analysis indicate that theories and methods in this paper are reasonable and reliable.


Cloud computing is a network based, on demand access model to a pool of configurable computing resources. These resources include servers, storage, networks, applications and services. One of the major services provided through cloud computing is called IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service), where the access of infrastructure components such as storage, CPU, memory, and other devices is provided through internet. Cloud based services and web applications accessing them are rapidly growing as they promise high performance and uninterrupted services. This growth has posed a great demand of virtualized cloud data center establishments around the world. Typically, the power requirements of these data centers are huge, which leads to high operational cost as well as environmental issues. Accordingly, cloud providers started considering energy efficiency and consumption as a deciding factor for virtual machine (VM) placements. In its lifetime, a VM puts variable resource demand on physical host machine, and thus the initial placement of VM is not always a deciding parameter. In fact, a dynamic reallocation policy is needed to optimize the placement of VMs and their reallocations.In the present study, a novel heuristics based approach for VM consolidation have been developed, on the basis of major energy consuming resources namely CPU, RAM, and Bandwidth. This algorithm reduces the consumption of energy, while meeting out specified SLAs. To assess the power consumption of the developed algorithm, simulations are conducted on the proposed algorithm using randomly generated workload datasets on CloudSim simulator.


The purpose of the study was to find out the "Effects of pranayama, suriya namaskar and combined practices on health related fitness of college students". To achieve this purpose of the study sixty students studying in Alagappa Arts College, Karaikudi, and Tamil Nadu were randomly selected as subjects. The age of the subjects were ranged between 18 to 22 years. The selected subjects were divided in to four equal groups of fifteen subjects each. Group I underwent pranayama practices and Group II underwent Suriya namaskar practice, group III underwent combined training for five days per week for eight weeks. Group IV acted as control that did not participate in any special training programme apart from their regular activities as per their curriculum. The following health related fitness was selected as dependent variables. The cardio respiratory endurance was measured by 9 minutes run and walk test and unit of measurement was meters. The Body mass Index was measured by (height was measured by stadio-meter and weight was measured by weighing machine) unit of measurement was centimeters and Kilograms. The muscular strength was measured by modified pushups test and the unit of measurement was in numbers per minute. The muscular endurance was measured by modified Bent knee sit ups and the unit of measurement was in numbers per minute. All the subjects of four groups were tested on selected dependent variables at prior to and immediately after the training programme. The analysis of covariance was used to analyze the significant difference. If any among the group since, four group were compared whenever they obtained "F" ratio for adjusted post test was found to be significant, the scheffe's test to find out the paired mean differences if any. The 0.5 level of confidence was fixed as the level of significance to test the "F" ratio obtained by the analysis of covariance which was considered as an appropriate.


The processing technololgy of microwave roast spiced peanuts was researched in this paper.The optimal processing conditions were determined by orthogonal test as follows: preliminary roast time 2 min,secondary roast time 2 min,salt concentration 15%,soaking time 2 h and material content 30%.


The transition process of the formerly socialist economies of Eastern Europe dates back more than a decade. Whereas a few countries now entering the European Union experience significant progress some others, most notably the former CIS-countries including Russia, lag behind. Despite the central role of its subject matters for such market development, marketing has conceded ground to economics concerning the understanding of transition economies. This paper attempts to provide a remedy in this regard by presenting the results of a study undertaken in the retail banking sector in Saint Petersburg. Central to the argument is the idea that by looking into both horizontal and vertical market features, here competition and consumer loyalty, marketing provides an analysis where patterns appear which are not evident in conventional neoclassical scrutiny.


The present invention relates to crosslinkable silicone compositions which are crosslinkable by the addition of Si-bonded hydrogen onto aliphatic multiple bonds and which comprise silylated citric acid.


Through choosing excessive material closed-cycle circulation process and changing the circulation of the excessive material,the test of crushing bauxite were made by using laboratory high pressure grinding roll.The test results showed:with the number of cycle increased,the capacity of the high pressure grinding roll gradually decreased and the granularity of crushed bauxite gradually became small;after the third cycle,the capacity and the granularity altered slightly,which showed that the excessive material closed-cycle circulation tended to balance;the larger the circulation of the excessive material was,the lower the capacity of the high pressure grinding roll was,and the smaller the granularity of crushed bauxite was.


(57) Abstract: A method for modifying a polymer surface of a substrate, (iii) providing a polymeric surface with functional groups, and (iv) the surface, react with (a) the surface functional groups a sexual polyamine compound, and at least a polyamine compound containing four amine groups and (b) the polyamine containing at least two amine groups of the polyamine is selected from the group consisting of primary and secondary amine groups It is contacted with a reactive cross-linking agent, comprising providing a crosslinked network grafted to the substrate surface.


This essay explores the nature, type and function of comprehension as well as the nature, characteristics, implication of comprehensive education. It also explains the reasons and theoretical foundations of the emergence of comprehensive education, puts forward its requirements and strategies and identifies its pitfalls and preventive measures. This analysis helps to promote the implementation of quality education.


We report a prototype protein separator that successfully miniaturizes existing technology for potential use in biocompatible health monitoring implants. The prototype is a liquid chromatography (LC) column (LC mini-column) fabricated on an inexpensive, flexible, biocompatible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) enclosure. The LC mini-column separates a mixture of proteins using size exclusion chromatography (SEC) with polydivinylbenzene beads (5–20 µm in diameter with 10 nm pore size). The LC mini-column is smaller than any commercially available LC column by a factor of ∼11 000 and successfully separates denatured and native protein mixtures at ∼71 psi of the applied fluidic pressure. Separated proteins are analyzed using NuPAGE-gel electrophoresis, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and an automated electrophoresis system. Quantitative HPLC results demonstrate successful separation based on intensity change: within 12 min, the intensity between large and small protein peaks changed by a factor of ∼20. In further evaluation using the automated electrophoresis system, the plate height of the LC mini-column is between 36 µm and 100 µm. The prototype LC mini-column shows the potential for real-time health monitoring in applications that require inexpensive, flexible implant technology that can function effectively under non-laboratory conditions.


ABSTRACT
Taxes are part of the economic life of all modern societies. Not surprisingly, the attention they have gained in economic theory. The analyzes range from general issues such as the impact of taxation on economic efficiency and general welfare, as well as other much more specific aspects that make the various tax effects with different characteristics.
In the present investigation, the incidence of the Preference Tax for Sales of Pilado Rice (IVAP) in the Marketing of Pilado Rice in the Jequetepeque-Guadalupe Valley was studied, observed and concluded, for which we will study its impact within The economy of the Jequetepeque Valley.
In the development of the same, the main protagonists of the IVAP were surveyed, in order to get a closer look at the process of marketing paddy rice as pounded, conception of the tax, tax declaration and payment of the same.
In this thesis the basic-descriptive design was applied to narrate each of the stages in the construction of this thesis, starting with the approach of the problem, going through the confirmation of the hypothesis, until reaching the conclusion and recommendations that we can address, In order to increase the knowledge about the subject studied.
After discussing the results, we conclude that the non-applicability of the preferential rate of 4% of the Sales Tax on Pilfered Rice - IVAP, and in its replacement, the application of the rate of 18 % Of the General Sales Tax, cumulative multi-phase, with the right to use the tax credit.
It is recommended, directly, under the results obtained, the annulability of the preferential rate of the sales tax of the pounded rice (4%) and in its replacement return to the general sales tax rate (18%), being able to At all stages of application, deduct the tax credit for the costs and expenses that those involved in the chain may incur.


We aim to investigate cross-cultural patterns of thought through cross-linguistic investigation of the use of metaphor. As a first step, we produce a system for locating instances of metaphor in English and Spanish text. In contrast to previous work which relies on resources like syntactic parsing and WordNet, our system is based on LDA topic modeling, enabling its application even to low-resource languages, and requires no labeled data. We achieve an F-score of 59% for English.


In this study, thin films of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 were prepared by the controlled reaction of thermally evaporated InSe/Cu/GaSe precursors with elemental Se vapour in vacuum. We indicate that this classical two-step growth process can be utilized to produce homogeneous single-phase chalcopyrite absorber films with superior structural properties. X-ray diffraction studies indicated that the interplanar spacing d(112) decreases linearly with an increase in the Ga/[In + Ga] atomic ratio due to homogeneous incorporation of gallium into the chalcopyrite lattice. Optical studies revealed the expected systematic increase in the band gap with increasing gallium concentration, once again confirming the monophasic nature of the alloys.


A charging model of bell-less top blast furnace was developed according to primary charging rules.Some main characteristics of the model are:① The material flow through bin is of funnel flow;② The hypothetical conditions of burden surface are improved;③ Multiple-linearization treatment is used to describe burden surface;④ The burden descent is divided into two parts for revising new burden surface.The model can be used to calculate burden surface and ratio of ore to coke.


Abstract Poplar plants were exposed during 61 days to a soil added with heavy metals so as to contain 300 mg Zn2+.kg−1 soil dry weight (SDW) (Zinc) or 50 mg Cd2+.kg−1 SDW (Cadmium). The Cd treatment induced a delayed growth of poplar, whereas Zn induced no change in physiological parameters. Both treatments resulted in a significant metal accumulation in plants. Zn2+ and Cd2+ exhibited contrasting distribution within tissues, indicating dissimilar handling by the plant. The main difference was the efficient compartmentalisation of Zn2+ in specific organ parts: old leaves and bark, while Cd2+ did not exhibit such a compartmentalisation. Results were also compared with a previous work where plants were exposed to 360 mg Cd2+.kg−1 SDW.


Aquatic products are among the most widely traded food commodities in the world. This applies both to fish caught in traditional fisheries and fish and shellfish produced by farming operations. Raw material is being shipped from production areas to ports where processing is performed, and sometimes shipped over long distances again before being distributed by wholesalers and retailers to consumers in local supermarkets or other outlets. This has resulted in an increasing demand for knowing where the food comes from. Traceability is thus a requirement and tools are being developed for keeping track of the product. This calls for new legislation which the industry has to apply when trading aquatic foods. In the US the Country of Origin Labeling (COOL) is required and in Europe a new traceability regulation has been introduced requesting each operator in a chain to keep records of where the material received came from and to deliver required information to the next operator in the chain. The principle is also called "one look back and one


Teachers around the world are increasingly required by policy guidelines to inform their teaching practices with scientific evidence. However, due to the division of cognitive labor, teachers often cannot evaluate the veracity of such evidence first-hand, since they lack specific methodological skills, such as the ability to evaluate study designs. For this reason, second-hand evaluations come into play, during which individuals assess the credibility and trustworthiness of the person or other entity who conveys the evidence instead of evaluating the information itself. In doing so, teachers' belief systems (e.g., beliefs about the trustworthiness of different sources, about science in general, or about specific educational topics) can play a pivotal role. But judging evidence based on beliefs may also lead to distortions which, in turn, can result in barriers for evidence-informed school practice. One popular example is the so-called confirmation bias, that is, preferring belief-consistent and avoiding or questioning belief-inconsistent information. Therefore, we experimentally investigated (1) whether teachers trust knowledge claims made by other teachers and scientific studies differently, (2) whether there is an interplay between teachers' trust in these specific knowledge claims, their trust in educational science, and their global trust in science, and (3) whether their prior topic-specific beliefs influence trust ratings in the sense of a confirmation bias. In an incomplete rotated design with three preregistered hypotheses, N = 414 randomly and representative sampled in-service teachers from Germany indicated greater trust in scientific evidence (information provided by a scientific journal) compared to anecdotal evidence (information provided by another teacher on a teacher blog). In addition, we found a positive relationship between trust in educational science and trust in specific knowledge claims from educational science. Finally, participants also showed a substantial confirmation bias, as they trusted educational science claims more when these matched (rather than contradicted) their prior beliefs. Based on these results, the interplay of trust, first-hand evaluation, and evidence-informed school practice is discussed.


Meta-analytic research of experiments conducted on the effects of native-language (L1) glosses on second-language (L2) reading comprehension have revealed a significant difference between groups of studies with traditional and computer-assisted L1 glosses. This means that learners provided with L1 glosses comprehend significantly more text--through the medium of a computer--than learners with traditional, paper-based L1 glossing aids. The average weighted effect size of studies with computer-assisted L1 glosses is large (g = 1.09) and differs significantly (p < .001) when compared to studies with traditional L1 glosses (g = .39). This article explores factors explaining how and when computer-assisted L1 glosses can be effective in L2 reading comprehension.


Difficulty breathing leads directly to a lifethreatening condition, representing a serious issue in clinical practice. Respiratory failure is defined as a functional disorder of the respiratory system showing an arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) of 60 Torr or less in the absence of oxygen administration. Physical findings of respiratory failure include tachypnea, tachycardia, engorgement and edema of the jugular vein, and cyanosis. Emaciation, depression of the clavicular fossa due to hypertrophied accessory respiratory muscles, shoulder breathing, and pursed-lip breathing may also be observed as characteristic findings. If the patient lapses into CO2 narcosis, headache or disturbed consciousness ranging from subtle personality changes to confusion or coma may occur. Respiratory management is aimed at reversal of the pathological systemic and mental states derived from respiratory failure, toward restoration of an acceptable physiological condition.


The invention discloses a secondary quenching method for ultrahigh carbon steel and belongs to the technical field of heat treatment of ultrahigh carbon steel. The secondary quenching method comprises the following steps of: heating the ultrahigh carbon steel to be treated to a temperature for austenitizing, and preserving heat; cooling the ultrahigh carbon steel with steam at first; and cooling the ultrahigh carbon steel by forcibly spraying a large amount of continuous water flow onto the surface of the ultrahigh carbon steel when the ultrahigh carbon steel is cooled to a temperature of 400-670 DEG C. The obtained structure of the ultrahigh carbon steel is in a martensitic structure, thus the ultrahigh carbon steel has good wear resistance and fatigue resistance.


Nowadays the solar energy is widely used for electricity generation due to technological development. The renewable energy sources must be used for the technology such as electric vehicles in order to reduce the pollution level. So it is important to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the renewable energy systems. This paper presents a design of a fuzzy logic based variable step size incremental conductance MPPT method for photovoltaic system. The fuzzy inputs are derived from the slope of PV curve of photovoltaic module namely current-voltage ratio and its derivatives. The simulation of the proposed system is designed in MATLAB SIMULINK. The result shows that the proposed MPPT method is able to track accurate MPP with nearly zero oscillations in PV power.


The development of peripheral auditory function in humans has been observed and documented using a variety of investigative tools. Because these tools must all be noninvasive in nature, they are indirect and, therefore, somewhat imprecise probes of function. Measured function at one level of the peripheral auditory system is undoubtedly infl uenced by the functional status of other parts of the system. Thus, the most effective way to defi ne and document the physiology and developmental course of the human auditory system is to consider and integrate fi ndings, with an acute awareness of the limitations of each assay and the relationship among results. To make this treatise a reasonable endeavor, only human auditory developmental data are presented and discussed, although when it elucidates a pattern common to humans, mammalian development in general may be considered. Section 2 of the chapter deals with the most peripheral segments of the auditory system, the outer and middle ear, and with acoustical measurements of the functioning Chapter 2 Morphological and Functional Ear Development


This research is motivated by the low learning outcomes of science class 5 subjects. This is because students seem less active in teaching and learning activities in class, there is no enthusiasm of students to learn, lack of enthusiasm in asking teachers. Many students consider science subjects to be difficult to understand, and many students are busy by themselves when the teacher explains science material in front of the class. The reason for these problems is that when teachers' learning activities dominate more than the students themselves. The purpose of conducting this research is that the learning outcomes of 5th grade students at MI Ma'arif NU Ajibarang Kulon, especially in science subjects using discovery methods can improve their learning outcomes. The object of this study was 5th grade MI Ma'arif NU Ajibarang Kulon students. In the process of collecting data in this research activity using observation, interviews, tests, and documentation. From this study shows that in activities with learning science by using the discovery method can improve learning outcomes of science in class 5 MI Ma'arif NU Ajibarang Kulon, and learning outcomes of science subjects indicated by the value of the results of the initial test, the first cycle test and cycle II has increased in each cycle. In the initial observation activity the number of students above the KKM only reached 41.66%, in the first cycle it rose to 68.18% and in the second cycle it increased again to 90.91%.


Introduction The distribution of enantiomers can be visualized with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) imaging if they are labeled with stable spin-probes such as nitroxyl radicals. To make in vivo imaging of chiral drugs possible, we first need to perform synthesis and toxicological studies for spin-labeled chiral drugs, as well as develop a simultaneous imaging method to visualize two enantiomers. A recent study showed that the anticancer drug Lomustin can be successfully labeled with a nitroxyl radical, without affecting its toxicological activity [1]. This study highlights the potential for the labeling of chiral molecules with isotopic nitroxyl radicals for the visualization of different EPR spectra. Three imaging methods based on magnetic resonance phenomena were reported for the simultaneous imaging of two or more kinds of free radicals: (i) spectral-spatial EPR imaging [2], (ii) Overhauser-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging [3] and (iii) EPR imaging based on a process of iterative deconvolution [4]. However, these methods are time-consuming and not suitable for three-dimensional (3D) imaging of short-lifetime radicals. As part of the development of in vivo imaging of chiral molecules, this study describes a method of simultaneous EPR imaging, which can visualize the spatial distributions of both Nand N-labeled nitroxyl radicals with no additional acquisition time.


This paper investigates the H∞ adaptive control of a large class of uncertain time-delayed chaotic systems. This class of systems contains unknown time varying delay disturbances, uncertainties bounded by unknown parameters and dead-zone nonlinearity in the input. Lyapunov-Krasovskii approach is used to deal with the existence of time-delay in the system dynamics. The unknown nonlinear functions are approximated by fuzzy logic systems. By combining H∞ control with the adaptive control technique, a robust adaptive controller is constructed that allows the required H∞ performance to be achieved. Finally, the simulation results for some famous time-delayed chaotic systems are given to confirm the validity and the effectiveness of the control algorithm.


Significance Aerobic glycolysis is a metabolic adaptation that helps cells in a tumor meet high anabolic demands. The M2 isoform of pyruvate kinase (PKM2) is associated with aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells. Aerobic glycolysis also accounts for most of the Glc metabolized in retinas. We find that photoreceptors (PRs) in retinas, like cancer cells in tumors, express PKM2. We also found very little expression of pyruvate kinase (PK) in Müller glia. We present metabolic flux analyses that show a metabolic relationship between PRs and Müller cells (MCs) that is different from the relationship between some neurons and astrocytes in brain. To compensate for PK deficiency and aspartate/glutamate carrier 1 deficiencies, MCs can fuel their mitochondria with lactate and aspartate produced by PRs. Symbiotic relationships between neurons and glia must adapt to structures, functions, and metabolic roles of the tissues they are in. We show here that Müller glia in retinas have specific enzyme deficiencies that can enhance their ability to synthesize Gln. The metabolic cost of these deficiencies is that they impair the Müller cell's ability to metabolize Glc. We show here that the cells can compensate for this deficiency by using metabolites produced by neurons. Müller glia are deficient for pyruvate kinase (PK) and for aspartate/glutamate carrier 1 (AGC1), a key component of the malate-aspartate shuttle. In contrast, photoreceptor neurons express AGC1 and the M2 isoform of pyruvate kinase, which is commonly associated with aerobic glycolysis in tumors, proliferating cells, and some other cell types. Our findings reveal a previously unidentified type of metabolic relationship between neurons and glia. Müller glia compensate for their unique metabolic adaptations by using lactate and aspartate from neurons as surrogates for their missing PK and AGC1.


Traditional defect analyses of software modules have focused on either identifying error prone modules or predicting the number of faults in a module, based on a set of module attributes such as complexity, lines of code, etc. In contrast to these metrics based modeling studies, the paper explores the relationship of the number of faults per module to the prior history of the module. Specifically, we examine the relationship between: (a) the faults discovered during development of a product release and those escaped to the field; and (b) faults in the current release and faults in previous releases. Based on the actual data from four releases of a commercial application product consisting of several thousand modules, we show that: modules with more defects in development have a higher probability of failure in the field; there is a way to assess the relative quality of software releases without detailed information on the exact release content or code size; and it is sufficient to consider just the previous release for predicting the number of defects during development or field. These results can be used to improve the prediction of quality at the module level of future releases based on the past history.


This paper deals with interpretation of compressive geochemical anomalies Hs-2 based on geological and geochemical features in combination with previous data in the Masiluo Valley,Yanyuan,Sichuan and considers this place to be a perspective district for gold.


The existing methods to determine the cognitive function level of end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) are not only inaccurate but also susceptible to the influence of the patient's education level, emotional state, and examination environment. We proposed a global iterative optimization framework (GIO) to accurately predict cognitive function statuses of ESRD patients without being affected by the above factors. First, the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data preprocessed and the time series were extracted to construct brain functional networks. Secondly, the areas under curve (AUC) of topological attribute parameters in the brain functional networks were extracted as features. After statistical analysis, the global efficiency, the characteristic path length, and the shortest path length in the small‐world network were selected as features for linear fusion. Finally, the support vector regression (SVR) was used as the basis of GIO framework, and the global iterative search strategy was introduced to find out the most appropriate penalty factor and radial basis function parameters. Achieving the objective of accurately predicting the cognitive function status of patients with end‐stage renal disease. Since this framework uses SVR which has special advantages in processing small sample data, and introduces appropriate parameter selection method, the prediction ability of GIO framework has been significantly improved. Experimental results demonstrate that the final prediction accuracy of the proposed framework is significantly better than those of SVR, LSSVR, GMO‐SVR, GMO‐LSSVR, and PSO‐SVR. The mean absolute error (MAE) and the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of the proposed framework are 0.55% and 2.58%, respectively. It is suggested that this framework is more convenient to determine the current level of cognitive function in ESRD patients and is conducive to the early prevention of cognitive dysfunction in ESRD patients.


The treatment of patients with Barrett's oesophagus is controversial. Debate exists regarding the use and value of high dose acid suppression as the standard of practice. Despite prolonged use of high dose proton pump inhibitors (40 mg omeprazole, 60 mg lansoprazole), most studies have shown no convincing evidence of significant regression of Barrett's length. These studies, however, have used fixed doses of proton pump inhibitors and did not regularly document control of oesophageal acid exposure.


Earlier this year, Leon Moore's Bank of Floyd, Va., and a group of other community bank lenders had arranged a large syndicated commercial real estate deal in contiguous Tennessee that was getting serious. Suddenly, a Texas-based credit union swept in, jumping over half the country, made a counter offer, and walked off with the entire $27 million-plus package. Credit union competition for business loans isn't new to Moore--his market is a hotbed of their infiltration--but Moore is still shaking his head over that one. He heard the clincher was that the credit union agreed to a much longer term than the banks would have been willing to grant. There are more stories like Moore's around, some of which you'll read here. But chances are your bank's commercial side will live its own credit union drama soon, at least if federal credit union authorities have anything to do with it. Try it, you'll like it Remember those workshops that Alan Greenspan presented back when the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act passed? When the Federal Reserve chairman himself took to the road to make sure banks could make the most of the new opportunities? Of course you don't. Though the Fed might have provided a speaker or two, the central bank didn't regard its role as going out to beat the drum for this or that new activity. That's the real world. But then there's life in the "credit union zone." As many bankers already know, the world is seen much differently over at the National Credit Union Administration. Bankers have long accused it of being a "cheerleader" regulator. But if NCUA resents the "cheerleader" label, it shows no signs. Credit union regulators speak in tones reserved for encouragement of social movements, not for the regulation of profit-making businesses, which increasingly is how the largest and most expansive credit unions operate. So it shouldn't come as much of a surprise to bankers that Deborah Matz, a member of NCUA's three-person board, has been leading seminars on how credit unions can bolster their operations by expanding into member business lending, an activity far beyond what most were originally created for. (A handful have specialized in select slices of business for years; such as the financing of New York City taxi medallions.) The NCUA workshops, part of a broader agency effort to promote "best practices," feature case studies of credit unions that engage in business activities as well as presentations by NCUA regulatory experts. An NCUA seminar in March featured two different presentations by speakers from the Small Business Administration. Credit unions are playing a growing role in SBA's programs. A string of NCUA and SBA decisions has led to the former's most recent proposal that, essentially, its rules not even be required to apply to a loan that SBA will be looking at and guaranteeing. A growth industry in a growth industry Business lending by federally chartered credit unions was restricted by volume limits in 1998's Credit Union Membership Access Act, but these have often been considered weak and avoidable. In any case, the ability of credit unions to make business loans was eased by NCUA in September 2003. Industry interest in this relatively new activity has been growing by leaps. While total credit union business lending remains a minor share of the overall credit union asset mix, it is growing and the number of credit unions engaged in it is growing. Legislation pending in Congress, but not given strong odds of passing this year, would further liberalize credit union business lending. In some markets such competition has yet to surface, while in others it is growing daily, according to bankers contacted. Some statistics, plus the chart on p. 62, show what banks face: * More than 1,600 credit unions made business loans in 2003. * Business lending by credit unions grew by almost 30% in 2003. …


Chaffed green maize fodder (at soft dough stage) was preserved in polythene bags for 60 days after adding 3 chemicals, viz, urea, formic acid and common salt each at 3 levels, The treatment levels were; urea, 0 (U 0 , 0,25 (U 1 ) and 0,5% (U 2 ), formic acid 0 (F 0 ), 0,3 (F 1 ) and 0.4% (F 2 )' common salt 0 S 0 ). 0.50 (S 1 ) and 1 % (S 2 )' All 27 treatment combinations were tested for their efficacy in preserving maize fodder. Addition of urea and common salt to the trealmenl combinations reduced the DM loss by 23.30 and 19.30% respectively. Similarly, addition of urea to other treatment combinations reduced OM loss by 26,2%, The total·N, water.soluble-N, water·insoluble·N and NH3 contents increased by addition of urea. Lactic aCId and TVFA concentrations were lowest (6.87, 7.39%) with urea-·salt treatmen combinalions restricting them significantly (p<0.05) in presence of salt. DM and OM degtadabilities incrcased when urea and cornman salt were used as preservative. lhe investigation revealed that maize fodder (dough stage) can be preserved by using combination of urea (0.25 to 0.5%) and salt (0.5 to 1.0%) on fresh basis.


In this study, a poplar high-yield pulp [preconditioning refiner alkaline peroxide mechanical pulp (P-RC APMP)] was used to produce lignin-containing cellulose nanofibril (LCCNF) dispersions throug...


The article considers the problem of rationality on the basis of two key texts by the prominent proponents of the new cartography for philosophy. These include A Manifesto for Re:emergent Philosophy by Jonardon Ganery (2016) and Comparative Philosophy without Borders edited by Arindam Chakrabarti and Ralf Weber (2016). The both mentioned texts are imbued with the fervor of the movement for liberation from colonial intellectual servitude and epistemological injustice that does not recognize a plurality of ways of thinking. They call for redefinition of the distinctive models of understanding as well as for justification of their rights to be acknowledged. A new cartography of philosophy presupposes a new atlas of rationality. The Manifesto by J. Ganery is compared with The Manifesto for Philosophy by A. Badiou. Both are calling for support for their global projects - "rebuilding of philosophy's edifice" (Badiou) and "re:emergence of philosophy" (Ganeri). Badiou implies "an approach to the Philosophy" or "a return to the philosophy" by recognition of the four sources of the truth, which he regards as politics, love, art and science. Ganery speaks about "the plurality of ways of thinking", about the movement for liberation from colonial intellectual dependence by applying the intercultural approach. The two philosophers acknowledge the plurality of cultural worlds. Badiou means "the philosophy of events," while Ganery - "philosophy of a new cartography." Badiou discovers different logics in disparate worlds that every time are submitted in specific forms, and thus he comes to the conclusion that single universal logic is impossible. Ganery is consistent and does not contradict himself by claiming plurality of rationalities, of logical systems, and thus advocates the promotion of the project for a new cartography of philosophy.


We present our previous work in [17] in a more generic way to construct q-ary Golay complementary sets and near-complementary sets of size N and sequence length M · Nm by using different seed sequences, where m is an arbitrary non-negative integer, M is the length of seed sequences and N is a power of 2. The boolean functions of these sequences will also be derived with our method. To illustrate it, we will derive a new quaternary Golay set that has never been recorded before, and we will rephrase the boolean functions of near complementary sequences presented in Theorem 12 [9] by our method.


• The analysis of unreplicated factorial designs constitutes a challenging but difficult issue since there are no degrees of freedom so as to estimate the error variance. In the present paper we propose a method for screening active effects in such designs, assuming Bernoulli distributed data rather than linear; something that hasn't received much attention yet. Specifically, we develop an innovating algorithm based on an information theoretical measure, the well-known symmetrical uncertainty, so that it can measure the relation between the response variable and each factor separately. The powerfulness of the proposed method is revealed via both, a thorough simulation study and a real data set analysis.


The utility model provides a component for a precast building module, and is a precast building module component by putting together the precast building module as a tyre module. The integration performance of a solid floor board poured by traditional steel bar concrete is bad, the shock resistance performance is low, and the crazing problem of the floor board is not solved completely all the time, thereby seriously influencing project quality. The precast building module component comprises: a case board (1), the case board is provided with a precast support board (2) with a positioning slot (10); the positioning slot of the precast support board is provided with a precast module (3) of a positioning slot (11); steel bar is arranged between every two neighboring precast modules; the steel bar is fastened with tight-hanging steel wire (8); the precast support board, the precast module, and the tight-hanging steel wire are poured with concrete (9). The product is used as a building module component of a novel floor board.


The frontiers of al-Andalus were free from major outside threats: to the north the Christian kingdoms and counties had been repeatedly raided and their armed forces worsted in battle, culminating in the humiliating sack of Santiago de Compostela in 999. The removal of the Fatimids from Tunisia to Egypt in 969 meant that there was no threat to al-Andalus from the Muslim east. With the collapse of the caliphate, al-Andalus broke up into a number of different states, each with its own court and capital. By 1083, the Almoravids had reached the Straits of Gibraltar and were in undisputed control of Morocco. By 1148, only Granada and the Balearic islands remained under Almoravid control: Granada fell to the Almohads in 1155, but the Balearic islands remained in the hands of the Almoravid Banu Ghaniya and the base for repeated raids on Almohad North Africa.


Bochum, Germany, pages 899 904, 1996. Con uent Preorder Parser As A Finite State Automata HO, Kei Shiu Edward CHAN, Lai Wan Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong email: firstname.lastname@example.com, email@example.com Abstract. We present the Con uent Preorder Parser (CPP) in which syntactic parsing is achieved via a holistic transformation from the sentence representation to the desired parse tree representation. Simulation results show that CPP has achieved excellent generalization performance and is capable of handling erroneous sentences and resolving syntactic ambiguities. An analysis is presented which elucidates the operations of CPP as governed by a nite state automata. The parsing is interpreted as a series of decision makings during the process. Based on this formalism, syntactic parsing and generalization by CPP can be explained in terms of state transitions.


BACKGROUND: The para‐Bombay phenotype is characterized by H‐deficient or H‐partially deficient red blood cells (RBCs) in persons who secrete ABH antigens in their saliva. The studies that determined the genotypes for two Chinese individuals with the para‐Bombay phenotype are described.


Dysmenorrhea is pain in the stomach that interferes with activities. The incidence of dysmenorrhea is 64.25% of the total number of fertile women. Dysmenorrhea causes complaints of weakness, to anxiety due to severe cramps. Dysmenorrhea treatment can be carried out non-pharmacologically with valerian root extract which can have a relaxing effect on the central nervous system, reduce stress and anxiety, and improve sleep quality. This study aimed to analyze the effect of valerian root extract on dysmenorrhea pain levels and endorphins levels in women of childbearing age. This study used an experimental design with a pretest posttest randomized control group design. Sampling using simple sampling technique was divided into 2 groups to measure the intensity of menstrual pain. The intervention group 18 people were given valerian root extract and the control group 18 people were given standard drugs for the treatment of dysmenorrhea. Giving valerian root extract 100 mg was effective in reducing the level of dysmenorrhea pain, p<0.05. Endorphin levels in the intervention group differed from the control group by, p <0.05. Giving valerian root extract is effective in reducing dysmenorrhea pain and increasing endorphins in women of childbearing age.


Background: Cancer is a global health burden; the outcome varies widely across all countries. Sharing of experience in setting health policy (including health expenditure) is important. However, there is yet no comprehensive comparison of cancer outcome across all countries. Furthermore, comparison of cost-effectiveness of different systems is especially complex because the incidence of different cancers varies across countries, and their chances of curability differ substantially. Aim: We aims to provide the comparisons using available data and to stimulate global attention to the association of economic parameters with different outcomes. Methods: Cancer statistics from all 184 countries and 27 major cancers listed in GLOBOCAN 2012 were analyzed. The overall outcome of cancer patients was estimated by taking the complement of age-standardized mortality/incidence ratio [1 − (ASM/ASI)] as the proxy relative survival (RS). Taking into account the variation of country-specific cancer pattern, the proxy cancer site-standardized RS (SS-RS) of individual countries were calculated by weighting the proportion of specific cancer sites as compared with the global pattern of incidence. The overall economic parameters of different countries listed by the World Bank were correlated with the corresponding proxy SS-RS. Results: The unadjusted proxy RS among the 184 countries ranged from 0.111 to 0.702 (median = 0.386), the corresponding proxy SS-RS ranged from 0.124 to 0.622 (median = 0.359). The median total health expenditure per capita (HE) increased from US$37 for countries with proxy SS-RS < 0.2, to $4255 for countries with proxy SS-RS ≥ 0.5. Results from logarithmic regression model showed exponential increase in total HE for better outcome. The expenditure varied widely among different strata, but the widest difference was observed among countries with SS-RS ≥ 0.5 (with total HE ranging from US$962 to $9361). Conclusion: Similar to age-standardization, estimation of outcome with adjustment for variation in pattern of cancer incidence is suggested for comparison among different countries, especially for studies related to assessment of health systems. Cancer outcome correlated significantly with economic parameters; the amount of HE escalated exponentially and varied widely among countries with high SS-RS ≥ 0.5. Sharing of experience among different countries will be valuable for developing the most cost-effective health system.


A re-assessment is made of the definition of viability and the definition of germination. Both quality traits clearly describe specific and different seed properties. The differences are shown up by considering test results. The term viability relates to the potential for a resting seed to produce a normal seedling, by definition it does not need actual realisation in a germination test but can be approached by predictive methods. Recommendations are made for the revision of the wording of the viability testing prescriptions in the ISTA Rules in order to meet the viability definition.


The enantioselectivity exerted by a new series of chiral catalysts containing N,O-heterocycles of different sizes has been checked in the addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde, which was used as a model reaction. The catalysts were derived from natural amino acids, following a relatively simple procedure, and in several cases excellent ee values were obtained. The results were complementary since ee's ranged from 98% (R) to 94% (S) excesses of the final 1-phenylpropan-1-ol. Molecular mechanics calculations suggested that the production of the R alcohol may be explained by a mechanism similar to that described by Noyori, in which ZnEt2 interacts solely with the N–C–C–OH fragment, whereas the formation of the S enantiomer needed the direct participation of the lateral chain of the parent amino acid and the N,O-heterocycle.


The applicability of an electrocoagulation process with the biological treatment for the color removal of C.I. Basic Red 46 (BR46) dye was studied. It was shown that decolorization efficiency increased by increasing current density (j), pH, temperature (T) and agitation speed (.) and decreased with the initial dye concentration [BR46]0. The optimal conditions in presence of a grid electrode (waste) used as cathode were found to be j=9 mA cm- , pH 8, T=35 C, [BR46]0=30 mg L-1 and .=120 rpm. Under these conditions, the electrocoagulation process was able to achieve 100% color removal efficiency in 5 min. The kinetics study showed that the apparent rate constants increased with increasing current density and the results suggest also a zero-order kinetic model. In addition, the plot of [BR46]t/[BR46]0 ratio vs time presents two steps. The first step, named latency period (tLatency) is current-dependent, but depended only slightly on the initial BR46 dye concentration. The latency period obtained varies roughly as 1/I and a minimal iron concentration was required before electrocoagulation started (0.083 mg L-1). The C.I. Basic Red 46 dye did not adsorb onto the flocs in its molecular form. The biodegradability of the solution treated by electrocoagulation process under the optimal conditions was examined and the increase of the BOD5/COD ratio from 0.05 to 0.35 showed the enhancement of the biodegradability of the pretreated solution. The electrocoagulation coupled to 16 days biological treatment leads to almost 65% of the dissolved organic carbon mineralized by the hybrid process.


Wireless powered sensor networks (WPSNs) have evolved as a promising paradigm for energy-efficient communications. Recently, the proliferation of reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has further been envisioned as a cost-effective solution for improving wireless power transfer (WPT) efficiency. In this paper, from the practical perspective of balancing the network sustainability and reliability, we consider a RIS-enhanced partially WPSN that composed of wireless-powered energy receivers (ERs) and battery-powered information receivers (IRs). Assuming the partially WPSN operates in time division multiple access (TDMA) mode, the joint optimization of covariance matrices, downlink/uplink (DL/UL) time allocation and RIS reflecting coefficients are investigated under the minimum DL rate constraint among all IRs for maximizing the achievable UL sum rate. Specifically, the single-IR single-ER (SISE) case is first studied based on the assumption of separate DL/UL RIS reflecting coefficients, in which an alternating optimization algorithm is proposed with semi-closed-form optimal solutions. In order to reduce the hardware overhead and signal processing complexity, we also investigate the case of identical DL/UL RIS reflecting coefficients, in which an iterative optimization algorithm is developed to tackle the coupled DL/UL transmissions. Then, we extend our work to the multiple-IRs multiple-ERs (MIME) case, where both the optimization problems corresponding to separate and identical DL/UL RIS reflecting schemes become more challenging to solve. To circumvent this intractability, we propose a successive convex relaxation (SCA) based alternating optimization algorithm and a low-complexity two-step algorithm. Finally, numerical results demonstrate the superior UL sum rate performance of our proposed algorithms over the adopted benchmarks.


As solid-state laser technology continues to mature, high-energy lasers operating in the near-infrared (NIR) band are increasingly being utilized in manufacturing, medical, and military applications. Guidelines for the safe use of these systems have been established as formulations of maximum permissible exposure (MPE) limits for a given set of laser parameters, based on past experimental studies of exposure thresholds causing injury to the skin and eyes. However, in the case of skin, these formulations do not take into account the pulse characteristics of the exposure and only utilize the total exposure duration when calculating the MPE. The purpose of this study was to characterize the skin response to multiple-pulsed high-energy laser exposure at the NIR wavelength of 1070 nm, at a constant beam diameter of 1 cm, and using anesthetized Yucatan mini-pig subjects. A constant total laser-on time was explored as single- and multiple-pulse sequences. Multiple-pulse exposures had identical individual pulse durations, and different duty cycles were employed in order to characterize the effect of variable thermal additivity. Skin damage was quantified by the minimally visible lesion (MVL) metric as judged by a plurality of three observers at the 24-hour interval post-exposure. Injury thresholds for all exposure conditions were calculated as the median effective dose (ED50), based on varying laser power across subjects. The results of this study will provide a quantitative basis for the incorporation of multiple-pulsed laser exposure into existing standards and augment data contained in the existing ED50 database.As solid-state laser technology continues to mature, high-energy lasers operating in the near-infrared (NIR) band are increasingly being utilized in manufacturing, medical, and military applications. Guidelines for the safe use of these systems have been established as formulations of maximum permissible exposure (MPE) limits for a given set of laser parameters, based on past experimental studies of exposure thresholds causing injury to the skin and eyes. However, in the case of skin, these formulations do not take into account the pulse characteristics of the exposure and only utilize the total exposure duration when calculating the MPE. The purpose of this study was to characterize the skin response to multiple-pulsed high-energy laser exposure at the NIR wavelength of 1070 nm, at a constant beam diameter of 1 cm, and using anesthetized Yucatan mini-pig subjects. A constant total laser-on time was explored as single- and multiple-pulse sequences. Multiple-pulse exposures had identical individual pulse d...


A study was carried out on the assessment of heavy metals (Ni, V, Se, Cu) in fish species Channa obscura and Lates niloticus in Alaro Stream in Ibadan. The objective of the study was to appraise the heavy metal concentration in the organs of the two studied fish species and to compare it with safety standards of the World Health Organization (WHO). Pulverized organs of the fish were acid-digested for heavy metal analyses using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS). The mean concentration of Ni, Se and V in the fish species exceeded the WHO permissible limit guideline standard of 0.07, 0.04 and 0.02ppm respectively. In C. obscura, the highest mean Ni was 1.24ppm (gut), while the least was in the intestine (0.11ppm) in the order: intestine<muscle<gills<bone <fins <gut. The mean V in the two fish species was highest in the fins (6.50ppm) of L.niloticus while the least was 0.13ppm (muscle) of C.obscura. The highest mean Se concentration is the organs and tissues of the two fish species was in the intestine (11.80ppm) of L.niloticus while the least was in the gills (0.12ppm) of C.obscura. In C.obscura, mean Cu concentration was in the order: gills<gut<bone<liver< intestine<fins while in L. niloticus, it was liver<gills<bone<muscle<fins <gut<intestine. This study therefore shows that >75% of the mean heavy metal concentration in the organs and tissues of C.obscura and L. niloticus were above the World Health Organization's recommended safe limit and therefore not fit for human consumption.


The presence of refugia in the Canadian High Arctic has been subject to debate for decades. We investigated the potential existence of Arctic refugia during the Pleistocene for a large mammal species in the Canadian Archipelago because if these refugia were present, reconsideration of the evolutionary histories of North American fauna and flora beyond the major refugia of Beringia and south of the Laurentide and Cordilleran Ice Sheets would be required. Peary caribou (Rangifer tarandus pearyi), identified as a subspecies based on morphological characteristics, inhabits the Canadian Arctic Islands and Boothia Peninsula. Previous studies demonstrated incomplete lineage sorting of mitochondrial DNA interpreted as a Beringian origin but were based on small sample sizes.


In this study, we adopt a damping least-square inversion method to investigate the Vp structures and Vp/Vs ratios of the crust and upper mantle beneath the Chia-Nan area, Taiwan. Previous studies have shown that, velocity structure can be used as an indicator of the geometry of a fault and the general aspects of tectonics. Therefore, the first goal of this research is to analyze the degree of correlation between the velocity structure and the seismic characteristics with respect to the tectonic implications of the area. The second intention is to study the relationship between the Vp/Vs ratio and the pressure change occurring with crack opening in the deeper crust. Finally, the distribution of Vp/Vs ratios and its association with fault activities is also investigated. Our results indicate that the variations in velocity structure beneath the Chia-Nan area is caused by local geological structures, fault crossing and the existence of the Pei-Kang High Area. We also find that most earthquakes occur in areas that have Vp/Vs gradients varying rapidly. In addition, according to the distribution of the earthquakes, there seems to exist a westdipping fault west of the Chukou fault; however, this prospect needs to be investigated further in a future study.


The objective of this thesis is the optimization of an active twistable helicopter
rotor blade to minimize the total mass depending on the achievable twist rate. The
choice of a suitable optimization method and the identification of necessary
parameters for the optimization are also part of this thesis. The consideration of
constraints in the optimization process allows to find the optimal design parameters,
which are reaching the required twist rate while the structural requirements can be
also satisfied at the rotor blade. Due to the complex blade structure, the optimization
is first demonstrated by a homogeneous blade segment. After the evaluation of the
potential optimum, an optimization concept of a complete rotor blade will be
presented. Finally an outlook is given, how to proceed in respect of a total optimized
rotor blade.


Johannes Kepler's investigation of the epistemology and ontology surrounding the nature of light bridged the gap between his Lutheran and Neoplatonic foundations and his revolutionary idea of a physical, causal astronomy. Kepler sought to find logically the "true cause" behind the virtus motrix (motive power) that moved the planets and determined their organization. He employed Lutheran regressus reasoning and merged PlotinianNeoplatonic emanationism with his own empirical observations to form a theory of light, which he legitimized with analogy and exemplum reasoning. Though his observations forced him to reject the Neoplatonic idea of light as a virtus motrix, he demonstrated that light and the virtus motrix were two species of the genus of forces that attenuate with distance. These conclusions allowed Kepler to theologically, mystically, and empirically confirm the motion of the planets as the effects of a universal, physical law. http://depts.washington.edu/chid/intersections_Summer_2010/Genevieve_Gebhart_Lutheranism_and_Neplatonism_in_Kepler's_Theory_of_Light.pdf intersections Summer 2010 45 Convinced by Comparison Lutheran Doctrine and Neoplatonic Conviction in Kepler's Theory of Light By Genevieve Gebhart University of Washington, Seattle ver the course of his numerous publications, Johannes Kepler"s theory of light bridged the gap between his theological and Neoplatonic foundations and his revolutionary idea of a physical, causal astronomy. During his early education at Tubingen, Kepler encountered Michael Maestlin, the professor of astronomy with whom he first studied Copernicanism. This introduction to the possibility of a heliocentric astronomy complemented Kepler"s belief that the sun was the only possible source of the planets" driving power and therefore had to be at the center of the planetary system. In addition to endorsing Copernicanism, Maestlin also promoted the fundamentally Lutheran belief that the study of the natural world yields knowledge of God"s plan for mankind, a race uniquely equipped to discover the universe"s secrets through an innate knowledge of geometry that had been "inscribed on the human soul when it was created." To this fundamental Lutheran doctrine, Maestlin added an important caveat: he insisted that scientific accuracy, in astronomy especially, augmented one"s knowledge of God and providence. This theological foundation was not mystical as much as it was a common property of Lutheran belief and that of many other contemporary Christians at the time. This "common sense" Lutheran theology provided an academically legitimate basis upon which to connect the mathematical arguments of the divine with the physical arguments of natural philosophy. In Kepler, this Lutheran worldview manifested itself in his relentless study of the physical world as the visible image of God. Before examining the theological goals and arguments that define Kepler"s first major work, Mysterium cosmographicum, one must first understand the regressus reasoning that dominates its structure. Foremost theologian of the Protestant 1 Johannes Kepler and William H. Donahue, New astronomy [Astronomia nova, ed.] (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992), xiii. 2 Peter Barker and Bernard R. Goldstein, "Theological Foundations of Kepler's Astronomy," Osiris 16 (2001): 105. 3 Ibid., 98. 4 Ibid., 111. O Genevieve Gebhart Lutheran Doctrine and Neoplatonic Conviction in Kepler"s Theory of Light 46 Reformation Philip Melanchthon profoundly influenced Kepler"s arguments in Mysterium by establishing regressus argument as the most rigorous form of logical proof. A regressus consists of three sets of arguments. The first, argument a posteriori, derives description of an effect from description of its possible causes. The second, the negatiatio or the consideratio, eliminates available alternatives, leaving one as the "true" cause. The final stage, argument a priori assumes the new "true" cause and from it deduces the original effect. The Lutheran intellectual community accepted the regressus method, and further accepted a priori demonstration as ideal in determining unique, true cause. 5 Ibid., 91. 6 Ibid., 98. Johannes Kepler, 1610. Source: Wikipedia Commons intersections Summer 2010 47 Kepler regarded Copernicus"s De revolutionibus as offering no more than a posteriori demonstration to "save the appearances." In Mysterium he states that, "I had then reached the point of ascribing to this same Earth the motion of the Sun, but where Copernicus did so through mathematical arguments, mine were physical, or rather, metaphysical." Kepler claimed that the arrangement of the cosmos could have been proven logically using the idea of creation and appealing to the "divine blueprint" of a priori reasoning. He goes on to state his rational goals and their very mystical motivation: There were three things in particular about which I persistently sought the reasons why they were such and not otherwise: the number, the size, and the motion of the circles. That I dared so much was due to the splendid harmony of those things which are at rest, the Sun, the fixed stars, and the intermediate space, with God the Father, and the Son, and the Holy Spirit. Kepler placed his triune God within the celestial sphere: the center as God, the sphere as Christ the Son, and the space between as the Holy Spirit. Throughout his attempts to deduce the distances of the planets a priori with Pythagorean principles and symmetry, Kepler maintained faith in his ability to uncover the virtus motrix (motive power) behind planetary motion and organization. In Mysterium he offers his first appeals to analogy between light and this virtus motrix, though they emerge only as weak "existence proofs" that allow Kepler to assume that the Sun"s influence weakens as a function of distance. At this point Kepler"s knowledge of the virtus motrix was of course considerably less comprehensive than that of light, a gap he would close as his knowledge of each expanded. Kepler grounded his metaphysics of light in Plotinian-Neoplatonic emanationism, the ideology developed by Plotinus in which the source of all being is the cascading overflow or emanation of the divine One"s essence. This applies to all physical things, including lesser forms of being, which, like the divine, project a likeness or image onto their surroundings. The cascading effect extends 7 Johannes Kepler and E. J. Aiton. 1981. The secret of the universe = Mysterium cosmographicum, Janus series, number 9 (New York: Abaris Books, 1981), 63. 8 Johannes Kepler, E. J. Aiton, A. M. Duncan, and Judith Veronica Field, The harmony of the world, Memoirs of the American Philosophical Society, vol. 209. (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1997), xv. 9 Kepler and Aiton, 63. 10 David C. Lindberg, "The Genesis of Kepler's Theory of Light: Light Metaphysics from Plotinus to Kepler," Osiris 2 (1986): 30. 11 Dedre Gentner, Sarah Brem, Ronald W. Ferguson, Arthur B. Markman, Bjorn B. Levidow, Phillip Wolff, and Kenneth D. Forbus, "Analogical Reasoning and Conceptual Change: A Case Study of Johannes Kepler," The Journal of the Learning Sciences 6, no. 1 (2001):16. Genevieve Gebhart Lutheran Doctrine and Neoplatonic Conviction in Kepler"s Theory of Light 48 infinitely, so that all physical things affect all other physical things at all times. Plotinus linked light to his doctrine of emanation by comparing the rays of light of the Sun to the essence emanating from the One, calling each the species immateriata of its source. When Ficino adopted Plotinus"s emanationism in the 15 century, he further likened light to the soul, arguing that visible light unites the celestial and terrestrial realms in the same way the soul unites superior and inferior being. In the animistic universe of Ficino"s Renaissance, light was equally an animistic entity. Kepler adopted Plotinus"s emanationism and Ficino"s animism, and agreed with both that light, as a case of emanation readily accessible to human senses, was the doorway to understanding the universal principle of emanation. However, Ficino, and Plotinus before him, struggled with Neoplatonism"s historical dilemma between unity and diversity, continuity and polarity; at some point classifications about light had to be made, but Neoplatonic ideology yielded no places on the continuum where clear lines could be drawn. Plotinus and Ficino both found themselves caught between these opposite truths of the Neoplatonic tradition, and among the confusion failed to commit to definite answers to the crucial ontological questions regarding light"s corporeality, spirituality, and effect on its medium. Kepler harmonized Neoplatonism"s various contradictions and discontinuities concerning the qualities of light with his own empirical observations to formulate his theory of the nature of light. He presents its basic axioms in the first propositions of his optical treatise, Ad Vitellionem paralipomena quibus astronomiae pars optica traditur. Kepler starts by stating that the property of emanation is inherent to light, and clarifying that every point on a luminous body is a source of spherical emanation for an infinite number of lines, or geometric rays. His mystical foundations remain apparent: Kepler claims that this uniformly rectilinear propagation of light from all points on its source is due the teleological tendency of all things to imitate their Creator, and therefore strive for perfect, divine centricity. He also argues that light travels instantaneously to infinity as a two-dimensional geometrical surface that has "no matter, weight, or resistance." Where Plotinus ambiguously rejected light"s corporeality, Kepler 12 Lindberg, 12. 13 Ibid., 26. 14 Richard Westfall, "HA&S 220/CHID270 Autumn "09; Comments on Readings #5," http://faculty.washington.edu/boynton/H220-CHID270/Readings/R5.pdf (accessed June 10, 2010). 15 Lindberg, 10. 16 Ibid., 26. 17 Johannes Kepler, Ad Vitellionem paralipome


In the light of hydrodynamic characteristics of waterwall tubes of 600 MW supercritical circulating fluidized bed(CFB) boilers at low mass flow rate, experimental studies were carried out on instability of two-phase flow in parallel vertical rifled tubes.Hydrodynamic characteristic curves and two typical oscillation curves of pressure drop and density wave under different conditions were obtained.The effects of system pressure,mass flow rate,inlet degree of subcooling as well as upstream compressible volume on the instability of two-phase flow were analyzed within the range of experimental parameters.Meanwhile,the threshold relational expressions of instability were obtained using homogeneous model according to the test results,providing a basis for the design and safe operation of waterwall with parallel vertical rifled tubes of supercritical CFB boilers.


Student S: [anticipating a detail and puzzling over the problem of how to make the foreign escapees and the teenagers of the 1940s French Resistance understand each other] I think where it says "We saw three kids. ..skinny kids wearing raggedy clothes," well, don't those three kids speak different languages? Student B: [using background knowledge from Student J's special reading assignment on partisan fighters in Eastern Europe] O.K. Can't that Berco person, the Lithuanian, since he's been around in Poland and Lithuania be the talker or the... Teacher: [helping with vocabulary] ...translator? Yes. Good idea. But what now? Where are they? You've built suspense. I'm nervous. Student T: [pondering the nature of the relationship that must develop between the young people] They have to get to know each other. They tell them their stories and the French kids agree to help. Teacher: Wait a minute. Remember where they are? Student H [realizing that it would not be logical to stay at the site of the sabotaged train station] Not there, after the explosion happens. Student M: [Can't they all just climb back down in the Paris sewer for now?