In the process of training excellent talents in electronic information and communication engineering, we must fully consider the key point of facing the future, oriented towards the future, and formulating advanced cultivation in talents training goals, programs, curriculum systems, teaching methods, etc. And combined with the actual development process and trend of electronic information and communication engineering, we truly train excellent talents in electronic information and communication engineering. This paper makes in-depth analysis and research on the future-oriented training approaches for outstanding talents in electronic information and communication engineering and puts forward scientific and reasonable suggestions in combination with the actual situation, which plays a positive role in strengthening the human resources in the field of electronic information and communication engineering in China and promoting social and economic development.


The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of postpartum exercise on a uteri involution maternal postpartum look for decreasing of fundal height on maternal postpartum. This study was a pre-experimental study using a Static Group Comparison design. The population was a postpartum mother who gave birth normally. Sampling technique by accidental sampling as 30 people, where 15 people in the intervention group and 15 people in the control group. Data was conducted observation used pelvimetry. The intervention group did postpartum exercise and did not do, then measured the fundal height 6 hours postpartum, day 3, day 6, and day 10. Data were analyzed using independent sample t-test and Two-sample Kolmogorov- Smirnov Test. The result of this research got a mean of the fundal height of 6-hour postpartum in intervention group 13,00 cm ±1,000 cm and13,27 cm ± 1,033 cm in the control group. Mean of fundal height third day in the intervention group 7,87 cm ±0,743 cm and 9,33 cm ± 0,900 cm in the control group. Mean of fundal height sixth day in intervention group 4,07 cm ±0,704 cm and 5,60 ± 1,121 cm in control group. While mean of fundal height tenth day in intervention group 0,33 cm ± 0,488 cm and 1,20 cm ± 0,676 cm in control group. There was a significant difference in the decrease of fundal height between the two groups. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the postpartum exercise has an effect on the decrease of fundal height.


PA6 /EPDM-M /nano-CaCO3 with "sandbag " microstructure was prepared by a two-step compounding route. The fracture behavior of "sandbag"toughed PA6 /EPDM-M /nano-CaCO3 was studied by tensile test and Charpy impact test,and the fracture surface was also studied by scanning electron microscopy( SEM). Result showed that pure PA6 exhibited typical brittle-fracture mode with no crack propagation energy,while PA6 /EPDM-M and PA6 /EPDM-M /nano-CaCO3( one-step) exhibited ductile-fracture mode with some crack propagation energy. For PA6 /EPDM-M /nano-CaCO3( two-step) with "sandbag"microstructure,the total fracture energy was the highest due to its higher crack propagation energy. The SEM result also showed that cavitation and microfiber which can absorb large number of energy was observed in the fracture surface of PA6 /EPDM-M /nano-CaCO3( two-step).


Existing evidence shows that Nairobi is experiencing a serious housing problem. The existing housing stock is wholly deficient while the existing conventional housing supply mechanisms, both private and public, are not able to meet the housing 'demand' leave alone the 'need'. This situation is worsened by the rapid urbanization process Kenya is experiencing accompanied by the accelerated growth of the urban population through natural increase and the unprecedented movement of people from the rural areas to urban centres (Nairobi receives a disproportionate share of the migrants). The lower income groups are the worst hit by the urban housing. With their low levels of income and the high costs of conventional housing these are confined to finding affordable accomodation in informal housing areas which are mainly characterised by semi-permanent and temporary housing, and lack of services, utilities and ammenities. The persisting nature of informal housing in the urban areas and the fact that they house about 40% of the urban population shows that there is need to recognize the contribution of such settlements to the expansion of the urban housing stock especially for the low income groups.


La doped SrBi2Nb2O9 (LSBN) ferroelectric ceramics prepared by the solid-state reaction technique exhibit composition-dependent remanent polarization. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman scattering have been carried out to investigate the effects of La doping on the crystal structure of SrBi2Nb2O9 (SBN). The XRD study shows that the ceramics exhibit increasing preferred c orientation with increasing La content. The results of Raman scattering reveal that the doping La3+ ions prefer to replace Sr2+ in the A sites of the perovskite blocks (SrNb2O7) at a low doping content and they may also occupy the Bi3+ sites in the Bi2O2 layers with further increasing La content. Accordingly, the observed variation of the ferroelectric properties with the La content in LSBN ceramics can be attributed to the competitive results of La substitution in A sites and Bi3+ sites. Our results demonstrate that the ferroelectric properties of La doped SBN are strongly related to the occupied sites of La3+ ions.


The seeding mechanism of equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) in the ionosphere has not been fully understood for several decades. Before investigating the complex seeding process by atmospheric gravity waves, which have been considered as a possible candidate, we investigate the vertical neutral wind effect on the EPB seeding by making the numerical simulation setup as simple as possible. It is presented that the vertical wind over the dip equator with an amplitude of as low as 5 m/s can seed EPBs effectively. The upward wind reduces the eastward current and produces the eastward polarization electric field, so that the bottomside F region pushed by the upward wind is going to form upwellings and penetrate into the topside F region accelerated by the Rayleigh‐Taylor instability. It is suggested that the vertical wind perturbations driven by gravity waves should play an important role in seeding EPBs.


BACKGROUND
Serbia is one of the countries with highest incidence and mortality rates for cervical cancer in Central and South Eastern Europe. Introducing a risk index could provide a powerful means for targeting groups at high likelihood of having an abnormal cervical smear and increase efficiency of screening. The aim of the present study was to create and assess validity ofa index for prediction of an abnormal Pap test result.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study population was drawn from patients attending Departments for Women's Health in two primary health care centers in Serbia. Out of 525 respondents 350 were randomly selected and data obtained from them were used as the index creation dataset. Data obtained from the remaining 175 were used as an index validation data set.

RESULTS
Age at first intercourse under 18, more than 4 sexual partners, history of STD and multiparity were attributed statistical weights 16, 15, 14 and 13, respectively. The distribution of index scores in index-creation data set showed that most respondents had a score 0 (54.9%). In the index-creation dataset mean index score was 10.3 (SD-13.8), and in the validation dataset the mean was 9.1 (SD=13.2).

CONCLUSIONS
The advantage of such scoring system is that it is simple, consisting of only four elements, so it could be applied to identify women with high risk for cervical cancer that would be referred for further examination.


The scattering of conducting regular polyhedrons of resonant size is studied by means of the electrical field integral equation (EFIE) and the method of moments (MoM). Two models are generated for each polyhedron, a wire grid model and a triangular patch model. Two numerical codes associated with those modelling techniques are used to obtain the radar cross section (RCS) of the polyhedrons. The calculated results are compared with the analytical results of the scattering of a perfectly conducting sphere. Practical criteria relating geometric properties of the sphere and the polyhedrons are investigated for the modelling of curved surfaces by facets in electromagnetic simulations.


. In this paper, we introduce and study a Bregan projection algorithm for treating generalized equilibrium and fixed point problems. Norm convergence of the projection algorithm is established in the framework of reflexive Banach spaces.


Socialist core value system education is an important content in ideological and political education.In the education process,we should insist on unified guiding principles,steadfastness principle and "dual core" principle for spiritual support,the certainty principle of moral norms,the combination of self-discipline and legal principles,the combination of mandatory and non-mandatory principles,the combination of socialization and personalization.


In Gansu province,Jiuxi Cretaceous Basin is a monotype basin, in which grows sedimentary system of fan shaped alluvial fan delta, subgravity flow, lacustrine and fluvial facies. It was made up of some patterns combined by sedimentary system of fan shaped alluvium fan delta shallow lakeshore gravelly braided stream, subgravity flow mid deep lacustrine fan delta and fan delta mid shallow fluvial facies. According to isochronic surface, filled sequences in lacustrine basin can be divided into three tectonic sequences corresponding respectively to three evolutionary stages of embryonic rift, spread rift thermal attenuationary subsidence and basin shrinkage closure. On the basis of these evidences, it can be seen that either formation and attenuation of mantle's thermal column or remote stress ,such as Yanshan movement, etc.,controlled the evolution of the Jiuxi Cretaceous Basin.


Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI) is a respiratory commensal and opportunistic pathogen, which persists within biofilms on airway mucosal surfaces. For many species, biofilm formation is impacted by quorum signalling. Our prior work shows that production of autoinducer‐2 (AI‐2) promotes biofilm development and persistence for NTHI 86‐028NP. NTHI 86‐028NP encodes an ABC transporter annotated as a ribose transport system that includes a protein (RbsB) with similarity to the Escherichia coli LsrB and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans RbsB proteins that bind AI‐2. In this study, inactivation of rbsB significantly reduced uptake of AI‐2 and the AI‐2 precursor dihydroxypentanedione (DPD) by NTHI 86‐028NP. Moreover, DPD uptake was not competitively inhibited by ribose or other pentose sugars. Transcript levels of rbsB increased in response to DPD and as bacteria approached stationary‐phase growth. The NTHI 86‐028NP rbsB mutant also formed biofilms with significantly reduced thickness and total biomass and reduced surface phosphorylcholine, similar to a luxS mutant. Infection studies revealed that loss of rbsB impaired bacterial persistence in the chinchilla middle ear, similar to our previous results with luxS mutants. Based on these data, we conclude that in NTHI 86‐028NP, RbsB is a LuxS/AI‐2 regulated protein that is required for uptake of and response to AI‐2.


This paper reports the identity of a parasite (belonging to the Oomycota—and more broadly, the Straminipila), found in cladophoraceous algae (Basicladia) growing in tufts or more extensive coverings on the external surface of the carapace of freshwater turtles collected in Alabama and Mississippi. Whereas this Oomycete might have been placed in genus Lagenidium (historically a large group of plant and animal parasites), investigation by various workers has shown Lagenidium to be nomenclaturally (and systematically) questionable—its identity interwoven with a related (and also problematic) genus Myzocytium. We do not attempt to resolve the nomenclatural origins of Lagenidium and Myzocytium, but rather, after discussion of taxonomic problems, focus on placement of this Oomycete within current segregate genera (of Lagenidium)—established by Dick (1997, 2001), partly in response to taxonomic confusion. The best candidate for assignment of this Oomycete is Dick's genus Syzygangia. Since there is also some question about the particular species of the algal host (genus Basicladia), occurring on turtles we examined, the specific identity of the alga is given consideration herein as well. Published on-line: www.phytologia.org Phytologia 95(1): 34-41(Feb. 1, 2013).


The invention discloses a local temperature regulator for an office. The local temperature regulator comprises a body and a detecting device, wherein the detecting device is wirelessly connected with the body; the surface of the body is provided with an air outlet, a display screen and an input device; a control device is arranged in the body; the detecting device comprises a temperature inductor, a central processing unit (CPU), a wireless transmitting device and a battery; the temperature inductor detects the temperature of the environment; the CPU is used for processing signals detected by the temperature inductor; the wireless transmitting device is used for wirelessly transmitting the control signals processed by the CPU to the control device; and the battery is used for supplying power for the detecting device. By the temperature inductor, cooling or heating can be realized correspondingly, temperature change conditions can be fed back in time, required temperature can be controlled, and the local temperature regulator has high use value.


ABSTRACT The role of the present article is to study the propagation of horizontally polarized shear waves in vertically heterogeneous viscoelastic double layers lying over a homogeneous half-space under initial stress. Both linear and exponential variations have been considered in the inhomogeneity associated to rigidity, internal friction, and density of the media. The dispersion equation of shear waves has been obtained in closed form. The dimensionless phase and damping velocities have been plotted against dimensionless wave number for different values of inhomogeneity parameters separately. Also, surface plots of phase velocity against dimensionless wave number and inhomogeneity parameters have been given.


This is a review article on the combinatorial aspects of the mixed Hodge structure of a Milnor fibre of the isolated hy-persurface singularity. We give a purely combinatorial method to compute spectral pairs of the singularity under the assumption of simplicial Newton boundary and non-degeneracy of the germ. The aim of this article is to give a survey on the combinatorial aspects of the MHS of the cohomology of the Milnor fibre defined by a single function germ with isolated singularity (hypersurface singularity) under the assumption of simplicial Newton boundary and non-degeneracy of the germ. In the case of a convenient germ f, A.G.Kouchnirenko [5] established a formula of Milnor number µ(f) = dimH n−1 (X t) for the Milnor fibre X t = {x ∈ C n ; |x| ≤ ǫ, f (x) = t} for small enough ǫ and generic t = 0. Based on a fundamental theory by J.H.M.Steenbrink [8], V.I. Danilov [1] (almost simultaneously Anatoly N.Kirillov [4] also) has calculated the MHS H p,q (H n−1 (X t)) under the assumption that f is non-degenerate and simplicial (see Definition 2). Despite these remarkable results, their description of H n−1 (X t) is not refined enough to study more advanced question on the topology and the analysis on the Milnor fibre X t. For example to calculate the Gauss-Manin system of the fibre integrals γj (t) ω i , γ j (t) ∈ H n−1 (X t), ω i ∈ H n−1 (X t) we must know the precise disposition of representatives ω i ∈ H n−1 (X t) with respect to the Newton diagram Γ(f). Or, at least, to describe the basis {ω 1 , · · · , ω µ } in terms of integer points on R n + by means of combinatorics associated to Γ(f). This task has been carried by A.Douai [3] for the case n = 2 and non-degenerate f to obtain a concrete expression of the Gauss-Manin system on H 1 (X t). So far as it is known to me, the question of combinatorial description of the H p,q (H n−1 (X t)) is still open. Here we try to give an answer to this question (§1, Algorithm). Quite recently, an algorithm to compute H p,q (H n−1 (X t)) together with the monodromy action on it has appeared (see [6]). It is implemented in the computer algebra system …


Security and trust management in Vehicular Adhoc NETworks (VANET) is a crucial research domain which is the scope of many researches and domains. Although, the majority of the proposed trust management systems for VANET are based on specific road infrastructure, which may not be present in all the roads. Therefore, road security should be managed by vehicles themselves. In this paper, we propose a new Self Organized Trust Management system (SOTM). This system has the responsibility to cut with the spread of false warnings in the network through four principal components: cooperation, trust management, communication and security.


The feasibility of replacing the silver with the volumetric equivalent of gold in the chromium carbide-based self-lubricating composite PM212 (70 wt % NiCo-Cr{sub 3}C{sub 2}, 15% Ag, 15% BaF{sub 2}/CaF{sub 2} eutectic) was studied. The new composite, PM212/Au has the following composition: 62 wt % NiCo-Cr{sub 3}C{sub 2}, 25% Au, 13% BaF{sub 2}/CaF{sub 2} eutectic. The silver was replaced with gold to minimize the potential reactivity of the composite with possible environmental contaminants such as sulfur. The composites were fabricated by hot isostatic pressing (HIPping) and machined into pin specimens. The pins were slid against nickel-based superalloy disks. Sliding velocities ranged from 0.27 to 10.0 m/sec and temperatures from 25 to 900{degrees}C. Friction coefficients ranged from 0.25 to 0.40 and wear factors for the pin and disk were typically low 10{sup {minus}5}mm{sup 3}/N-m. HIPed PM212 measured fully dense, whereas PM212/Au had 15 percent residual porosity. Examination of the microstructures with optical and scanning electron microscopy revealed the presence of pores in PM212/Au that were not present in PM212. Though the exact reason for the residual porosity in PM212/Au was not determined, it may be due to particle morphology differences between the gold and silver and their effect on powder metallurgymore » processing.« less


Objective: Development of methods for the detection of an analyte at low concentration with less time for analysis had become a prior point of interest to every analyst. Graphene is a twodimensional structure made up of carbon atoms, often called "miracle material" for its exceptional characteristics. It is light in weight and transparent. Graphene is set to revolutionize sensor industries. Graphene and sensors are a natural blend, as graphene's large surface-tovolume ratio, unique optical properties; excellent electrical conductivity, high carrier mobility and density, high thermal conductivity and many other attributes can be greatly beneficial for sensor functions. The use of grapheme nanotechnology in sensors in pharmaceutical analysis including drug discovery, particularly for investigation of the physiological behaviour of their dosage form, has emerged as an important approach.


The aim of present investigation was to analyze the bioactive compound from the five different medicinally important wild edible plants. The plant was Cleome gynandra was collected, washed, shade dried and powdered. Ethanol extract was prepared by simple soxhalation method. The extract was concentrated and analyzed using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy for the identification of biochemical components present in the Cleome gynandra . The GC-MS study different compound analyzed from these plants. Majority of the compounds were belonging to acid group. Common compound in this plant was hexadecanoic acid. Which are having anti fungal anti inflammatory antibiotic activity, skin conditioning property were already reported, so that it can be recommended as a plant of phytopharmaceutical importance.


Law No. 12 of 1995 article 14 (1) concerning correction which in Letter (d) states that prisioners receive healt services and proper food. Inadequate health services are one of the impacts that can be felt by the inmates of the class II B Takengon Prison, which affect prisoners' health. In this study, the author discussed the way on how prosiners' health has been implemented in class II B Takengon prison. This study used an empirical legal research method which tried to explain fact in the field through interviews or direct observation. This study aimed to find out how the implementations of health services for inmates in Class II B Takengon Prison. The result showed that the implementation of health services for the inmates in the Class II B Takengon Prison is not optimal due to the lack of healthcare workers such as dentists and slow process of fund disbursement which affects the limitation of medicine availability as well as inadequate health facilities. It can be concluded that the implementation of health services for inmates in the Class II B Takengon is not optimal and the facilities is inadequate. The researcher suggests that Takengon prison should improve health services and add more health facilities.


Gut microbiota via an ability to influence fat synthesis and storage has emerged as an important factor in host adiposity, and a target for its dietary modulation. To examine the role of specific gut bacteria in modulating fat stores and associated mechanisms, we need simple, inexpensive yet powerful animal models. An attractive choice is the nematode C. elegans, in which many pathways of fat storage and energy use are conserved. Based on our previous observations that a probiotic Bifidobacterium longum can reduce triglyceride storage in vitro, our objective was to use the C. elegans model to investigate this in vivo. Our initial attempts at growing C. elegans on B. longum as a food source rather than E. coli OP50 were met with several challenges: reluctance of C. elegans to consume B. longum and preference for OP50, carry‐over of OP50 on the worm surface and in the gut, and non‐comparable growth of C. elegans on B. longum and OP50. By varying the type of medium (solid/liquid) and its composition, increasing B. longum concentration and inhibition of OP50 growth by an antibiotic, we devised a successful method to grow C. elegans on B. longum for over one generation, detect B. longum in the C. elegans gut at numbers comparable to the human small intestine (with no detectable E. coli OP50) and study its impact on triglyceride storage. The method may be adapted to other probiotic bacteria to serve as a screening tool with the scope of investigating detailed mechanisms of action.


1. de Boer NKH, Jharap B, Seinen ML, van Bodegraven AA. Letter: thiopurines during pregnancy and intrauterine exposure to metabolites. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2012; 35: 964–5. 2. Connell W, Miller A. Treating inflammatory bowel disease during pregnancy: risks and safety of drug therapy. Drug Saf 1999; 21: 311–23. 3. Gisbert JP. Safety of immunomodulators and biologics for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease during pregnancy and breast-feeding. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2010; 16: 881–95. 4. Mahadevan U, Kane S. American gastroenterological association institute technical review on the use of gastrointestinal medications in pregnancy. Gastroenterology 2006; 131: 283–311. 5. Mahadevan U. Continuing immunomodulators and biologic medications in pregnant IBD patients – pro. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2007; 13: 1439– 40. 6. Habal FM, Huang VW. Review article: a decision-making algorithm for the management of pregnancy in the inflammatory bowel disease patient. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2012; 35: 501–15. 7. de Boer NK, Jarbandhan SV, de Graaf P, et al. Azathioprine use during pregnancy: unexpected intrauterine exposure to metabolites. Am J Gastroenterol 2006; 101: 1390–2. 8. Saarikoski S, Seppala M. Immunosuppression during pregnancy: transmission of azathioprine and its metabolites from the mother to the fetus. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1973; 115: 110–6. 9. de Boer NK, Van Elburg RM, Wilhelm AJ, et al. 6-Thioguanine for Crohn's disease during pregnancy: thiopurine metabolite measurements in both mother and child. Scand J Gastroenterol 2005; 40: 1374–7. 10. de Boer NK, van Bodegraven AA, Jharap B, et al. Drug Insight: pharmacology and toxicity of thiopurine therapy in patients with IBD. Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007; 4: 686–94.


This study examined the histological pattern of tuberculous (TB) lymphadenopathy due to M. tuberculosis (BK) in patients coinfected with HIV-1 and determined the intensity of the cellular reactions. Sections were obtained from 12 tubercular lymph nodes selected from a total of 45 HIV-1 infected patients who were reviewed for persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (PGL). They were colored with HE PAS Giemsa Ziehl-Neelsen and reticulin stains. Immunostaining on paraffin sections was performed using L26 UCHL-1 and immunoglobulins (Kappa Lambda IgG IgA and IgM. 12 of the 45 patients with PGL (27%) showed ganglionic tuberculosis. 60% of which were positive for BK. The histological pattern showed immaturity of the tuberculoid granulomas classified as slight intermediate and nonreactive in 3 5 and 4 cases respectively. Proliferating postcapillary venules mixed with aggregates of plasma cells were observed surrounding granulomas and in nonnecrotic areas. Immunostaining revealed T-lymphocyte depletion around granulomas polytypic plasmacytosis IgG Kappa predominant. Among HIV-1 infected patients with PGL 27% showed tuberculous lymphadenopathy with an unusual histology characterized by an insufficient cellular immune response. In regions where both HIV-1 and TB are endemic lymph node biopsy with maturity level evaluation of granulomas is indicated for the purposes and therapy. (authors modified)


A 36‐year‐old HIV‐infected male patient presented with relapsing fever episodes to 39 °C, night sweats and weight loss. Computerized tomography of the abdomen showed enlarged multiple lymph nodes. After surgical resection of multiple lymph nodes, disseminated infection with Histoplasma capsulatum was diagnosed. Amphotericin B desoxycholate was initiated for 24 days. Fourteen days after therapy was discontinued, the patient suffered similar symptoms again. Subsequent treatment with liposomal amphotericin B led to rapid improvement within 3 days. Upon discharge, maintenance therapy with 600‐mg itraconazole capsules was initiated and decreased to 400‐mg 14‐days later. Itraconazole therapy was continued until the patient died more than 2 years later because of complications of the underlying disease. At autopsy there were no signs of histoplasmosis.


The radio channel modeling and location system are the focus of many research fields. However, their performance is largely limited by line-of-sight (LOS) and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) conditions. Currently, the most popular LOS/NLOS identification algorithm is based on the channel impulse response (CIR) feature. The decision threshold is applied to identify between LOS and NLOS conditions on this basis. However, the features around the threshold are usually very similar, which leads to low LOS/NLOS accuracy. In this letter, the feature extracted from the CIR is used to fit its distribution with the Gaussian mixture function. Then, a soft decision algorithm is used to classify the signal. In the experimental simulations, the algorithm is tested according to the measured data. The results reveal that by choosing different feature combinations, the algorithm effectively improves the accuracy of LOS and NLOS identification.


The aim of this paper is to distinguish different types of business diplomacy and identify appropriate strategies for conducting diplomatic activities. The research has been based on a literature review and a media content analysis. Four types of business diplomacy were identified, namely: (1) Intra-firm Business Diplomacy, (2) Inter-firm Diplomacy, (3) Home-Country Government Diplomacy and (4) International Business Diplomacy. In addition, findings suggest that all four types require diplomatic capabilities to be successful. This paper advises MNC's to apply business diplomacy for relationships, both on the short- and long-term, to sustain legitimacy. The results of this paper posses both scientific relevance and indicates the possible beneficial implications of business diplomacy for MNC's.


Many historians continue to analyze the collapse of Eastern Han rule (A.D. 25-220) in negative language, speaking of the failure of Confucian ethics, while using quite positive terms, such as the growth of individualism, to characterize intellectual life in the following Wei-Chin period (220-420). This essay offers an alternative view : that the breakdown in late Han institutions is ascribable in part to an overemphasis on the two Confucian virtues of hsiao (filial piety) and jang (renunciation). While this breakdown opened a greater variety of choices to individual members of the shih elite, it is probably inappropriate to apply the language of individualism to Wei-Chin life


Coupled-channel and dispersive-optical model analyses of published neutron scattering and reaction data for {sup 27}Al, {sup 59}Co, and {sup 93}Nb at incident energies between 0.1 and 80 MeV have been performed. The resulting potentials are used to place constraints on the determination of the spin-spin interaction from published spin-spin cross-section measurements. For the three nuclei, the strength of the central real spin-spin potential, which was taken to have a surface plus volume shape, was found to be small. Volume integrals for this central potential component were determined to be in the 4-7 MeV fm{sup 3} range and to decrease somewhat as mass number increases.


1. Introduction Cultural differences imply a question: how universal are the regularities of human behavior, in other words, to what extent is it possible to apply one culture's behavior patterns in another. The impact of culture-based differences and similarities on economic activities and other social spheres is increasingly taken into consideration. Until 1980 the concept of culture was applied mainly in anthropology, and afterwards cultural differences became topical in economic sciences as well. The reason for this was the internalization of US organizations in the 1950s-1960s and the success of Japanese organizations in the USA, caused by effective management of cultural differences. Many researches have proven that organizational operations depend on values of the host culture, but the level of this impact varies. Hence, there is no doubt that national culture influences organization; the question is rather how and to what extent (Aycan 2000)? Hofstede's theory of cultural dimensions is one of the most known approaches that give answers to these questions. The present article analyzes how cultural dimensions are manifested in Estonia. 2. Hofstede's cultural dimensions Speaking about the history of his widely known research, Hofstede emphasizes that initially he looked for the values that are common for all people (Hofstede 2003). He relied on the research done in the 1950s and conducted his study knowing that every society has to create an understanding of the relation to power, conflict, and attitudes toward an individual (rooted in the relations between the individual and the society, as well as in gender roles). Hofstede launched an extensive survey, in which work-related values were studied in 50 countries and three regions. These three regions were Eastern Africa (Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania and Zambia), Western Africa (Ghana, Nigeria and Sierra Leone), and the Arab countries (Egypt, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates). The survey was a part of the development process at IBM, whose headquarters were located in the U.S. Its purpose was to present to managers on different levels what employees think of their work, company and superiors. Later this survey became known as HERMES research program. Hofstede based his approach on the assumption that since all respondents work in the same company and represent common organizational culture, the differences in their estimations should stem mainly from national culture. There were over 60 work-related values presented in the questionnaire. The statistic analysis revealed four synthetic components (cultural dimensions). Culture is characterized by four dimensions (Hofstede 2003). Power distance reveals to what extent power and hierarchical relations are considered essential in the given culture. It discloses the scope to which it is accepted that power in organizations and institutions is unequally allocated, or to what degree hierarchy engenders psychological detachment. Such tendencies are found in Austria, Israel, Denmark and New Zealand, and high power distance found in Malaysia, Guatemala, Panama and the Philippines. Uncertainty avoidance explains whether tense and vague situations are tolerated or avoided and to what extent. This dimension is related to the acceptance of strenuous and uncomfortable situations and regarded by Hofstede in the chapter "What is different, is dangerous". In societies with low uncertainty avoidance, organizational rules can be violated for pragmatic reasons, conflicts are considered as a natural part of life, and ambiguous situations are regarded as natural and interesting. In case of high uncertainty avoidance, these tendencies are opposite. Such societies are rigorous, people depend on authorities and protests of citizens are not tolerated. In working relations the rules play an important role and are carefully followed. Specialization is considered to be essential both in organization and occupation. …


This study investigated the awareness and the degree of usage of Electronic payment (E-payment) systems. Several electronic payment systems have been introduced into the country in recent times with the most significant being the Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) and the E-zwich (a national domestic smart card payment systems meant to reduce the large amount of cash held outside the banking hall). Despite the progress made, the economy faces a number of challenges regarding the acceptance and usage of these payment systems. The study used primary data collected through questionnaires distributed to traders, students, administrative officers, shop keepers and lecturers in the Adenta-Madina Municipal area. The research findings revealed that respondents were willing to use E-payments due to the benefits derived from the system such as protection of individuals from theft and robbery, allowing customers to transact on their own accounts with convenience, and helping the economy from high cost on printing notes and coins. However, only a few customers were using such payments systems. It is recommended that more education should be embarked upon to increase the level of knowledge of such cards and their importance to the economy. In addition, more Point of Sale devices (POS) should be provided to facilitate the usage of such payment systems.


Spinosad is a novel biological pesticide,which is secondary metabolites of Saccharopolyspora spinosa.On the basis of single factor experiments,optimization of culture conditions of Saccharopolyspora spinosa was studied by Plackett-Burman design.Four main effect factors were screened out,including initial pH value,culture temperature,shaking speed,liquid volume,and their contribution to the model amounts to 90.8%.The model was established,Y=7.73-0.63x1+0.42x5-0.20x7+0.20x8,which was significant model by analysis of variance.The model's determination coefficient R-Squared was 0.9767 and adjusted determination coefficient R-Squared was 0.9359.According to the model,maximum predictive value of Saccharopolyspora spinosa biomass is 9.18 g/L.


Proteases (EC 3.4.21-24 and 99; peptidyl-peptide hydrolases) are enzymes that hydrolyse proteins via the addition of water across peptide bonds. There is renewed interest in the study of proteolytic enzymes, mainly due to the recognition that these enzymes not only play an important role in the cellular metabolic processes but have also gained considerable attention in the industrial community. Microbial proteases are among the most important hydrolytic enzymes and have been studied extensively since the advent of enzymology.


Guest Editor's Introduction: This paper was originally presented at the 9th congress of ASAIO in April 1963. The original paper was printed in Volume IX of Trans. Soc. Artif. Int. Organs 1963, pages 358–362. It was reprinted with permission in Therapeutic Apheresis, Volume 4, Issue 1, 2000 as a millennium project of the International Society for Apheresis. This paper describes for the first time a hybrid artificial live and extracorporeal circulatory system composed of a specially developed high permeable gel type cellophane membrane. This membrane separated the patient's blood and the metabolic fluid in which freeze-dried canine liver granules were contained. Carbohydrate metabolism and ammonia detoxification were maintained in this metabolic chamber, eventually helping the patient's metabolic functions. In addition to experimental studies, four clinical studies were briefly reported.


This study is focused on the development and demonstration of the capability of the XFEM shell toolkit for Abaqus (XSHELL) to characterize the fracture pattern and loaddeflection of a thin-walled metallic structure subjected to dynamic loading. The mesh independent crack description and fracture energy dissipation characterization are achieved in XSHELL through the implementation of two overlay elements with an embedded cohesive interaction along an arbitrary crack segment without being in conformation to the existing finite element mesh. Both an automatic element reconstruction and a mass allocation module are implemented in XSHELL for kinematic representation of a cracked shell along with its nodal mass redistribution. To enhance the computational efficiency, a Belytschko-Lin-Tsay shell element is implemented with a one point quadrature scheme and an hourglass control in an explicit time integration scheme. Both a critical cumulative plastic strain based fracture criterion and a material instability criterion are implemented in XSHELL to predict the crack initiation while its subsequent growth direction is driven by either a maximum principal stress or strain criterion. The modeling capability and solution fidelity of the XSHELL methodology is verified for crack growth and load deflection prediction of both unstiffened and stiffened steel panels subjected to indentation.


In a first aspect, the invention provides a ferrite core with a yoke body having a length dimension, a width dimension and a height dimension, which are each oriented perpendicular to each other, wherein the length dimension is greater than the height dimension and / or the width dimension. In a side surface of the yoke body, a positioning structure and a different positioning of the alignment structure are provided which are spaced apart along the length dimension of between 5% and 75% of the length dimension.


Of a total of 268 patients who were operated because of ankle instability, 125 who were treated with cialit skin graft and 101 who received a peroneal tendon graft were interrogated. 36 were clinically and radiologically examined. Apart from some very minor disturbances, neither during the period immediately after surgery nor later, were the subjective or objective results significantly different. This observation demands that no surgical technique should be employed that could interfere with the function of proprioceptive or constraining structures.


We present a Fourier transform spectrometer that associates a compact interferometer without any moving parts and various signal processing methods. The interferometer is composed of a polarizer, two identical spar Wollaston prisms, an analyzer, and a CCD sensor. Data and signal processing methods are introduced to improve the resolution. Due to the nonlinear behavior of the optical path difference versus the position along the sensor, a data preprocessing step is required before reconstructing the spectrum. This preprocessing method is based on key properties of the optical path difference that are identified. Then various spectrum analysis methods such as autoregressive, multiple signal classification (MUSIC), and Cauchy methods are illustrated, discussed, and compared with the periodogram by using the real data obtained from the spectrometer illuminated by a HgZnCd spectral lamp. From the optical system associated with the data processing and spectral analysis methods, it is possible to split the two closest spectral lines.


Answer selection for question answering is a challenging task, since it requires effective capture of the complex semantic relations between questions and answers. Previous remarkable approaches mainly adopt general Compare-Aggregate framework that performs word-level comparison and aggregation. In this paper, unlike previous Compare-Aggregate models which utilize the traditional attention mechanism to generate corresponding word-level vector before comparison, we propose a novel attention mechanism named Dynamic-Clip Attention which is directly integrated into the Compare-Aggregate framework. Dynamic-Clip Attention focuses on filtering out noise in attention matrix, in order to better mine the semantic relevance of word-level vectors. At the same time, different from previous Compare-Aggregate works which treat answer selection task as a pointwise classification problem, we propose a listwise ranking approach to model this task to learn the relative order of candidate answers. Experiments on TrecQA and WikiQA datasets show that our proposed model achieves the state-of-the-art performance.


The continuous promotion and application of new drilling technology greatly improves the speed of drilling, protects the reservoir from pollution, but bring challenges to the logging explaining of oil and gas layers evaluations. The debris samples are very small, have poor representation, carry oil and gas information which has been wiped out by the drilling fluid.To find the abnomal oil and gas through the debris makes incredibly difficult. The study improves the divided measures of the gas thickness,which use the "3H method" to identify oil and gas show, improve the identification level of gas measurement data and oil and gas show.


A genetic algorithm is used to design and optimise the digital FIR filter coefficients. Given the desired amplitude response of the filter to be designed, the algorithm generates the filter coefficients with the specified number of taps and bits per coefficients. The linearity of the phase response is satisfied by making the filter coefficients symmetric. The algorithm generates a population of genomes that represents the filter coefficients and compares the amplitude response of each genome to that of the desired amplitude response. New genomes are generated by crossover, mutation operations as well as by deterministic pruning method. Since the algorithm directly generates digital coefficients, there is no need to truncate the coefficients for digital hardware implementation of the filter.


1Dept. of Plant Pathology, Soil and Water Management Research Unit, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat (396 450), India 2Dept. of Plant Pathology, Aspee College of Horticulture and Forestry, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat (396 450), India 3Dept. of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University, Waghai, Gujarat, India 4Dept. of Agronomy, N.M. College of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat (396 450), India


This paper proposes a new pervasive computing paradigm:transparence computing.The hardware environment of this paradigm still consists of clients and servers.However,the clients should be computing devices designed with the transparence computing paradigm.These devices can be desktop or mobile one,such as PDA or mobile phone.The server of this paradigm is a machine with a hard disk,including a general PC.In transparence computing paradigm,no OS,middleware and any application program are installed in the clients,they are loaded from the server through network dynamically when users want to run them in a client.Users can choose any OS and application programs running on it,which has been installed in the server and can be run by the clients.Transparence computing paradigm can improve the security of the information systems,reduce the complexity of the managements,improve the sharing of software and reduce the costs of hardware and software of information systems greatly.This paper introduces the concept and architecture of the transparence computing paradigm.Moreover,we also give an application example of this paradigm.This example is Manageable Multimedia Network Computer (MMNC),which has been developed and commercialized.MMNC system can show the transparence computing is feasible and effective.


Age is ?an organising principle that we all of us live with all of the time',1 but to define youth and age today, let alone in society of a thousand years ago, is difficult indeed. Although the study of the medieval life cycle has advanced in recent years, the focus has been on aspects of youth and age in high and late medieval societies, mostly within southern Europe. The societies of the medieval north shared customs, poetry and arts which emerged from a pre-Christian Germanic worldview. The intermediate stages of the life cycle can be more difficult to identify and study in the cultural record. The stages of life generally referred to in classical and Christian writings were infantia (?infancy', 0-7 years), pueritia (?early childhood', 7-12 years), adolescencia (?adolescence', 12-14 to 20), juventus (?adulthood', 20-40 years), senectus (?old age, 40-60 years), and senium (?senility', 60 to death). Keywords: medieval north; old age; quantifying youth


The invention discloses an air inlet hose. The air inlet hose comprises an air inlet hose body and a quarter-wave tube, wherein an air inlet which is connected to an outlet of an air filter is formed in one end of the air inlet hose body; an air outlet which is connected to a throttle valve body of an engine is formed in the other end of the air inlet hose body; the quarter-wave tube communicates with the sidewall of the air inlet hose body and is positioned on a tube section at one end of the air inlet. According to the scheme, the air inlet hose has the advantages that the quarter-wave tube is additionally arranged, so that the air intake capacity of the air inlet can be increased, the sound wave reflected by high-frequency noise can rightly meet the air inlet sound wave at the wave crest and the wave trough, and as a result, the high-frequency noise of an air inlet system can be minimized. The invention further discloses an engine comprising the aforementioned air inlet hose, and a car.


Eighteen species of nematodes were found to parasitise sheep in Western Australia. Trichostrongylus rugatus and Trichostrongylus probolurus were found to be present in this State, and specimens of Ostertagia mentulata, a species new to Australian records, were found on two occasions.


We study a class of neuro-symbolic generative models in which neural networks are used both for inference and as priors over symbolic, data-generating programs. As generative models, these programs capture compositional structures in a naturally explainable form. To tackle the challenge of performing program induction as an 'inner-loop' to learning, we propose the Memoised Wake-Sleep (MWS) algorithm, which extends Wake Sleep by explicitly storing and reusing the best programs discovered by the inference network throughout training. We use MWS to learn accurate, explainable models in three challenging domains: stroke-based character modelling, cellular automata, and few-shot learning in a novel dataset of real-world string concepts.


The invention provides a personnel positioning and wireless voice communication multifunctional system for a mine. The personnel positioning and wireless voice communication multifunctional system for the mine comprises a ground monitoring system located in a control room, underground wireless base stations widely distributed in mine laneways, and multifunctional devices carried by personnel or vehicles. The ground monitoring system and the underground wireless base stations are connected through a CAN bus, the underground wireless base stations are connected through the CAN bus, the underground wireless base stations and the multifunctional devices are in wireless communication through a ZigBee protocol. Each underground wireless base station has a unique and fixed address code, and each multifunctional device has a fixed and unique device code. The personnel positioning and wireless voice communication multifunctional system for the mine organically combines a personnel positioning system and a voice communication system, the adopted wireless base stations and the multifunctional devices are simple in structure, and are low in power consumption and cost, and the personnel positioning and wireless voice communication multifunctional system for the mine can simultaneously achieve the functions of underground personnel accurate positioning and real-time voice communication.


2. I think the information in these paragraphs could be structured better. For example, there is talk of interventions to increase hand-hygiene behaviour in all three paragraphs, but it would be easier to follow if this was presented together. I recommend restructuring the existing content with i) a paragraph on the importance of hand-hygiene behaviour, sub-optimal hand-hygiene rates, and the need for interventions, followed by ii) a paragraph describing interventions, and why these may or may not have been effective.


The jacking-up lengthening pier column plan is adopted to elevate the bridge height of the existing bridge of Hangshen Line in order to meet the need of waterway upgrading.Lengthening design of slender column is one of key items for this project.This paper is focus on several points for lengthening design of pier column needed to take into account,such as loading condition,accurate slenderness ratio calculation,load capacity and cracking width check.In addition,necessary earthquake response spectrum analysis and reinforced concrete non-linear analysis are also conducted to verify the design.


This paper discusses the problems inherent in the constitutional normative interpretation, from a doctrinal review, developing a reasoning of critical order to traditional methods commonly used and an interpretive model that has objected existing and remaining in force until then, for justification legal. It leads to even reflect on the need to establish a constitutional interpretation through its own methods, given the characteristics and inherent peculiarities. The legal interpretation proves to be one of the topics of most importance of the Law General Theory, is closely related to constitutional rule and therefore the case with binding effect that it is not allowed contradictory results with each other. Thus, examine the interpretive methods of constitutional law, demonstrating that makes no criterion of choice for their application in case of conflict, becoming imperative for the interpreter and / or right of the applicator does not remain in indecision or if compliance with the Traditional methods  without allowing a transcendent diagnosis of possibilities. The intention of the survey is to awaken a look at an interpretive paradigm, topical, enabling an empirical reflection of the rule of law, as argumentative and concretizing the grounds of constitutional rule.


Adult patients used to be daunted with the prospect of having fixed appliances to correct malocclusions. However, this has gradually changed and recent literature reported an increasing trend in adults receiving orthodontic treatment. To date, there has been no information regarding the trend of adult orthodontic patients in Singapore.

The objective of this study was to determine the changes in the proportion of adult patients seeking orthodontic treatment at the National Dental Centre Singapore (NDCS) from 2011 to 2017.

The study sample consists of all patients who commenced active orthodontic treatment from 2011 to 2017 at the NDCS. The data collected were analyzed for the number, gender, and proportion of adult orthodontic patients treated annually from 2011 to 2017. Linear-by-linear association test was used to test for any significant linear trend in proportion of adult orthodontic patients over the 7 years. Pearson's Chi-squared test was used to test for any significant gender differences.

There was a significant increasing linear trend (p = 0.001) in the proportion of adult orthodontic patients from 2011 to 2017. No significant difference (p = 0.770) between the proportions of male and female adults undergoing orthodontic treatment was found. The ages of adults undergoing orthodontic treatment ranged from 21 to 73 years old and majority (48.61%) of them was in the 21–25 years old age range.

There is a rising trend in adults seeking orthodontic treatment at the NDCS from 2011 to 2017. No statistically significant gender difference was observed in this rising trend.


The transient propagation of boiling boundary phase-change fronts during the depressurization of a subcooled liquid has been investigated for the case of thermal equilibrium without friction or heat addition, using wave diagram solutions. Various modes of phase-change front propagations have been identified and it is shown that certain ranges of propagation speeds are impossible, while others require the simultaneous formation of shocks. Qualitative and quantitative results are given for two specific cases of interest.


As a prerequisite to the reform of teaching mode and speciality, integrating the system of courses should be taken into account comprehensively including many factors. As for the speciality of accountancy, the teaching system can be constructed on such four levels as basic-qualityplatform, commerce-characterized-platform, professional-ability-and-quality platform and individualized development platform; meanwhile, the possible problems arising in the course of implementation need to be analysed conscientiously.


[Objective]The purpose of this research was to discuss the influencing conditions of producing 10-deacetyl baccatin Ⅲ with the cell of Taxus yunnanensis.[Method]The effects of medium varieties,temperature and illumination intensity on the cell growth and the synthesis of 10-deacetyl baccatin Ⅲ of Taxus yunnanensis cell culture were investigated in this study.[Result]The results indicated that the growth and composition of 10-deacetyl baccatin Ⅲ of Taxus yunnanensis cell in BTM medium were 1.7 times and 2.6 times as much as those of B5 medium,respectively;the cell growth and the concentration of 10-deacetyl baccatin Ⅲ of Taxus yunnanensis cell at temperature 20 ℃ were 1.5 times and 5.7 times as much as those of at temperature 30 ℃,respectively;the growth and the concentration of 10-deacetyl baccatin Ⅲ of Taxus yunnanensis cell under dark culture were 2.5 times and 4.4 times in comparison with those of high irradiance(3 000 lx).[Conclusion]This study will provide the theoretical basis for producing 10-deacetyl baccatin Ⅲ with the cell of Taxus yunnanensis.


Teacher Participation and Motivation in Professional Development Krystal A. Hill Department of Mathematics Education, BYU Master of Arts Although professional development is accepted as important for making educational improvements, some have been unsuccessful due to how the teachers choose to participate, and the lack of motivation in teachers to attend or implement the suggested changes. A case study of secondary mathematics teachers in a required professional development is used to look at teachers' motivation and participation during the professional development. This study compared mathematics teachers' motivation to attend with ways of participating in order to determine how these influence a teacher's intent to change. It was found that certain aspects of motivation and participation does influence a teacher's intent to change.


We investigate specific examples of locally-defined real vector-fields on strata of translation surfaces. Integrating SL(2,R)-loci of Veech surfaces along these vector-fields yield interesting new examples of horocyle-invariant ergodic measures. These measures are supported on closed immersed manifolds with boundary that approach the boundary of strata in a novel way.


Regulatory planning is the most direct legal basis for urban planning implementation governance. Meanwhile, it will be the key approach for realizing the idea of low carbon and ecology development effectively. Therefore, this article will introduce the approaches for responding the requirements of low carbon and ecology development systematically via the practice of eco-city demonstration area in Wuxi in several aspects, which will include urban spatial structure optimizing, transport organization, eco-settlement, resource utilization, saving energy, reducing carbon emission and block development .The article aims to invent the colleagues of urban planning aspect to force on and argue this vital concept idea of "low carbon and eco- development" comprehensively, systematically and deeply.


Special kid is a condition in which the kid has different mental from the average
kids in general. This difference can be in the form of strength or weakness.
Special kids also really need special treatment in order to run their activities and
daily activities well in the middle of the society. Social perception is certain
process to know, interpret, and evaluate other people, for instance their traits,
quality, and other conditions until then the description about that person is
described. This research aims to know "The Social Perception of The Society
Towards Special Kids in Pekanbaru City". This research involved 348 samples
chosen by using Simple Random Sampling. This research was conducted in 5
districts of Pekanbaru City. The measurement instruments consisted of 41
question items based on social perception aspects with Cronbach's Alpha 0,972
which used descriptive statistics analysis through SPSS program 22.00 version for
windows. The results of this research show that social perception of the society
towards special kids in Pekanbaru City is at good enough category with
percentage 37,6%. In general, the people of Pekanbaru City has been able of
showing good enough social perception towards special kids.


The Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) addressed their interest in incorporating and testing an intelligent transportation system (ITS)-based lane management system into their existing Maintenance of Traffic (MOT) plans for short term movable work zones (e.g., milling and resurfacing jobs). Two forms of lane merging namely the early merge and the late merge were designed to advise drivers on definite merging locations. Previous dynamic lane merging systems comprise several Portable Changeable Message Signs (PCMSs) (or other forms of dynamic message signs) and traffic sensors. The addition of multiple PCMSs to the current FDOT MOT plans may encumber the latter. Moreover, previously deployed dynamic lane merge (DLM) systems (dynamic early merge systems and dynamic late merge systems) may require relatively extensive equipment installation and relocation which could be inefficient for short term movable work zones (moving on average every 7 to 10 hours). Therefore, two Simplified Dynamic Lane Merging Systems (SDLMSs) are suggested for deployment and testing on short term work zones. The first SDLMS is a simplified dynamic early merge system (early SDLMS) and the second SDLMS is a simplified dynamic late merge system (late SDLMS). The chapters in this report elaborate further on the two suggested forms of the SDLMS. This study aims at comparing the effectiveness of both forms of SDLMS to the conventional MOT plans deployed by FDOT.


We fabricated a silica PLC-VOA using suspended narrow ridge structures and successfully reduced the power consumption to 20 mW/channel. Using the proposed structures, we demonstrated a 16- channel V-AWG with a compact size of 20 times 17 mm and a low total power consumption of 320 mW.


Organic permeable‐base transistors (OPBTs) show potential for high‐speed, flexible electronics. Scaling laws of OPBTs are discussed and it is shown that OPBT performance can be increased by reducing their effective device area. Comparing the performance of optimized OPBTs with state‐of‐the‐art organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs), it is shown that OPBTs have a higher potential for an increased transit frequency. Not only do OPBTs reach higher transconductance values without the need for sophisticated structuring techniques, but they are also less sensitive to parasitic contact resistances. With the help of a 2D numerical model, the reduced contact resistances of OPBTs are explained by a homogeneous injection of current across the entire emitter electrode, compared to injection in a small area along the edge of the source of OFETs.


This paper mainly introduces the methods of the conceptual design of Decision Support System of Selecting Locus for Military Projects. According to the frame of the system. It respectively discusses the idea of design, the process of decision, data acquision, model establishment and significance and difficulties in the realization of the system. It takes locus selection for military harbor as an example to illustrate the importance of the location problem. The academic methods were mainly introduced as the references to relevant researchers on the construction of military projects and operational environment.


Cisapride, a new prokinetic devoid of anti-dopaminergic properties, acts by enhancing release of acetycholine from the myenteric plexus. To evaluate the effect of cisapride on gastric emptying and dyspeptic symptoms, a randomized placebo-controlled study was done. Twenty-six dyspeptic patients with gastric stasis (17 with chronic idiopathic dyspepsia (CID) and 9 with diabetes, mellitus (DM)) were included. Solid meal radioisotope technique using Tc-99m sulfur colloid labeled-eggs, was used to determine gastric emptying. Fourteen patients (9 CID, 5 DM were treated with cisapride 10mg tid orally for four weeks, while the other 12 patients (8 CID, 4 DM) served as the control. Symptoms were evaluated at baseline and after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment. The gastric emptying study was repeated at the end of the study. Our results showed that cisapride was significantly superior to placebo in accelerating gastric emptying halftime (p=0.002) and in relieving symptoms of epigastric fullness, epigastric pain, anorexia and early satiety (p<0.05). This study showed that cisapride is a useful gastrokinetic for dyspeptic patients with upper gut dysmotility.


Abstract In the search for structural cyclic imide analogues of therapeutic interest, the synthesis, separation, and characterization of exo‐endo 3 and endo‐endo 4 stereoisomers of benzenesulfonylaziridines, not found in the literature, are described in this study. The benzenesulfonylaziridines were synthesized through a 1,3‐dipolar‐type reaction of p‐toluenesulfonylazide and different norbornenesuccinimides.


Stargazing tourism is an expanding market niche that requires the development of territorial resources for its implementation and attraction. This paper's objective is to investigate the preferences and willingness to pay of tourists for the development of strategic land resources for stargazing tourism activities. The field work was conducted on the island of La Palma (Canary Islands), which is promoting the territorial development of infrastructures for stargazing tourism. A random sample of 734 tourists were interviewed in person on-site in December 2019 following the methodology discrete choice experiments that enabled an estimation of tourists' preferences and willingness to pay for the implementation of key land resources for stargazing. The data are modeled using a latent class model that allows for the consideration of heterogeneous preferences. The results show that there are three groups of tourists with different preferences for land resources of stargazing observation. These segments are respectively related to the interests in culture, active, and astronomic tourism. Those tourists in the active stargazing segment share the largest proportion of the market and favor the implementation of facilities that allow the combination of active tourism with stargazing. The results are useful for land product development and territorial strategies aimed at positioning destinations in the identified demand niches of stargazing tourism.


Tony Negline outlines the issues advisers need to consider when clients want to include a real estate investment in their self-managed super fund.


This article begins by providing the historical context for the emergence of the Mexican maquiladora industry against a backdrop of ill-enforced labor laws and extensive corruption within official labor institutions. Following this, a case study of a women-centered group based in Piedras Negras, Coahuila, is presented. It highlights the forms and strategies of maquiladora workers organizing for their rights on the shop floor and within their communities. In addition, the case study examines the edges of Marxist ethnography and theory produced on the border, exposing the way in which the actual activities of women worker activists have broken the Marxist mold.


The mass function of molecular cloud clumps and cores is widely used to compare the results of numerical simulations with the observations adopting different prescriptions for star formation. However, our ability to test different theories relies critically on our ability to measure it accurately and interpret it confidently. From an observational perspective, mass functions are subject to uncertainties due to differences in the sample selection, data reduction, and analysis techniques. To reduce these and other biasing effects, in this work we discuss methods to construct clusters or groups of sources extracted from the Hi-GAL survey, which allows us to look at large clump populations in various clouds with different physical conditions. We then construct the clump mass function of each separate group, and we fit the clump mass functions with the two most widely used functional forms, power law, and lognormal. The best-fitting parameters show no correlation with distance and positional parameters of the groups, and the mass spectra appear to have similar shapes and overall widths, though with different intrinsic mass scales. The statistical invariance of the shape of the CMF suggests that no significant differences exist in the early phases between regions dominated by lowand high-mass star formation. Finally, we found that high-mass star formation is more likely to happen in groups where the range of clump mass is shifted towards the high-mass end.


A step-ridge structure is investigated to achieve lateral confinements of carriers and optical fields. Compared with the standard ridge laser structure, this structure can effectively diminish the carrier accumulation effect and reduce the lateral carrier leakage. Meanwhile, a smaller net modal gain of higher-order modes can be obtained by reducing the injection width, which helps improve lateral beam quality. The step-ridge lasers with different injection widths were fabricated. Benefiting from the lateral separation confinements of the step-ridge structure, M2 of the laser with an injection width of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$30 ~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is reduced from 13.7 to 6 and the lateral beam quality is improved by 56.2% at 6 A under the continuous wave condition, compared with the laser with an injection width of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$90 ~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Furthermore, among all devices, the separate-confinement structure helps the device with a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$30 ~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> injection width achieves the maximum power under the quasi-continuous wave operation.


Fossil fuel which is the global energy source gives rise to land contamination, air pollution, climate change, fuel crises, hike of price of petroleum products, crises in oil producing nations, dependency on oil producing countries and high risk associated with oil exploitation has led to a search for sustainable and efficient energy sources. Several types and sources of biofuels have been recently studied as potential source of energy to replace the environmentally unfriendly fossil fuels. Bioethanol produced from terrestrial plants have attracted the attention of the global society, though numerous controversies and debates were associated with the technology; such as the issue of food versus fuel competition, which further encouraged more research work on a sustainable renewable bioethanol source. This study aims at determining total carbohydrates from macroalgal specie (Laminaria digitata) for use in bioethanol fermentation, also using wet and analytical chemistry to extract and spectrophotometrically analyse the sample in respect to glucose and sucrose standards. The samples were lyophilized and the resulting powder extracted in a water bath at 100C in 15minutes. The analysis was performed using anthrone (colorimetric) method and the analyte read in a UV-visible spectrophotometer at 620nm. The result showed that carbohydrates were present in the samples, indicated by green and yellow, colourless pigments. Glucose and sucrose were the main identified sugars from the standards analysed. The concentration of sugars varied with time; months and seasons of the year. Result of the samples showed highest level of sugar concentration in May 2010 and lowest sugar concentration in November 2010. It was observed that the mass of sugars (glucose and sucrose) deposited as a result of photosynthesis, significantly contributed to the weight of biomass. The implication of the result indicated that: the smaller the biomass, the most likely it is to have lower mass of sugars and hence the less likely the potentials of synthesizing bioethanol from the sample. Conversely, a larger biomass signified the presence of more sugars, hence the greater the potentials for synthesis of bioethanol from the sample with larger biomass. Copyright © 2012 International Energy and Environment Foundation All rights reserved.


A new method is put forward to analyze the stability of slopes. Based on the principle that the equilibrium system's potential energy should be the minimum, a little displacement can be got and the normal stress distribution along the sliding surface can be achieved . For uniform slope, the safety factor can be got directly with the consideration of equilibrium conditions and the principle of strength failure. For complex slopes , the sum of normal forces along the sliding surface is kept as the same and the normal stress along the sliding surface is redistributed according with the gravitational stress. The result of Australian Computer Aided Design Sociery(ACADS) test problem demonstrates the validity of this method.


This study presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the paper published by John Aitchison in the Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series B (Methodological) in 1982. Having recently reached the milestone of 35 years since its publication, this pioneering paper was the first to illustrate the use of the methodology "Compositional Data Analysis" or "CoDA". By October 2019, this paper had received over 780 citations, making it the most widely cited and influential article among those using said methodology. The bibliometric approach used in this study encompasses a wide range of techniques, including a specific analysis of the main authors and institutions to have cited Aitchison' paper. The VOSviewer software was also used for the purpose of developing network maps for said publication. Specifically, the techniques used were co-citations and bibliographic coupling. The results clearly show the significant impact the paper has had on scientific research, having been cited by authors and institutions that publish all around the world.


Germ cell tumours of the testis are the commonest malignancy in men aged 20–40 years. Considerable therapeutic improvements in management—based on the cancer's responsiveness to chemotherapy that contains platinum — mean that over 95% of these patients can now expect to be cured.

#### Summary points

Testicular cancer is the most common cancer in younger men

The incidence has been increasing by 15-20% in successive five year periods

Clinical trials organised by the UK's Medical Research Council and other international groups have defined modern clinical practice

Cure rates of >95% can be achieved

Advanced and recurrent cancers should be treated by multidisciplinary teams in specialist centres

Much of the clinical management discussed in this review is based on the guidelines of the UK's Clinical Oncology Information Network, which were developed with the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network.1 These were based on a systematic review of clinical data including prospective phase III randomised trials performed internationally. The sections that discuss causes, follow up, and future developments reflect our research interests and personal experience.

### Testicular germ cell tumours

Testicular germ cell tumours are uncommon cancers; they account for around 1% of all cancers in males. About 1400 new cases are diagnosed in the United Kingdom each year. Germ cell tumours have a unique epidemiological profile for a solid tumour. Their peak incidence occurs among men aged 25–35 years, and there is a distinctive geographical and racial variation. The highest incidence is among white men in northern Europe.

These factors suggest that both genetic and environmental factors are important in the development of testicular germ cell tumours. The age distribution at onset suggests that an initiating event occurs prenatally and that the tumour develops from adolescence. The overall incidence of testicular germ cell tumours has been steadily rising throughout the 20th century, with an increase of 15-20% being seen in …


This paper explores the guiding ideology,basic principle,approach,content and supporting measures of designing health service system in step with harmonious society from reality and theory,aiming at problems and contradictions that are not in step with harmonious society construction in our existing system.To construct such a system,we must plan the balanced development between city and countryside,districts,prevention and medicine,traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine,medical services and medical care assurance,health services of different levels,public and private medical institutions as a whole.In addition,we have to improve doctor-patient relationship,strengthen health supervision,and normalize the order of health service market.As to supporting measures,we must intensify governments' responsibility,enhance coordination among departments and emphasize complete set of reform measures.If only constructing health service system in step with harmonious society,can a harmonious,healthy and rapid development of our health service come true,and can the outcome of health reform and development benefit the people.


Floquet eigenfunctions and Floquet exponents are encountered in stability and noise analysis of circuits operating at large signal periodic regime. It is analytically verified that the spectrum vectors of the left-hand and right-hand Floquet eigenfunctions and the Floquet exponents (Floquet eigenpairs) are members of the harmonic balance eigenvalues and eigenvectors (HB eigenpairs). The relationships between other HB eigenpairs with the Floquet eigenpairs are discussed. This discussion leads to a practical algorithm for computing the Floquet eigenpairs through HB eigenpairs. Furthermore, it is analytically verified that the main arguments of the study are consistent with the orthogonality/biorthogonality relations between different Floquet eigenfunctions. The new approach has been applied to a P-HEMT oscillator at 10.2 GHz and very good agreement between the Floquet eigenpairs computed through the new approach and the ones computed through the time-domain integration is observed.


Numerical investigation on the fluid structure interaction in the cylindrical membrane inflation is performed by the Euler-Largrangian method. In membrane inflation, the vortex flow and wave system induced by the interaction between compressible jet flow and membrane appeared inside membrane. This phenomenon concentrates the stresses and generates a pair of bumps. The influences of oscillation and bumps on membrane working performance and safety are also investigated.


Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) telemetry technology is a kind of remote sensing and photogrammetry system, which takes UAV as the flight platform and uses the onboard imaging equipment to obtain information such as remote sensing images or videos. It is very suitable for real-time acquisition of high-resolution remote sensing data in a small area. Because the monitoring work is complicated and the environment is diverse, and the survey and statistical data lags behind the change of soil erosion seriously, it is difficult to get accurate information in time for soil and water conservation monitoring, which adds great difficulty to soil and water conservation work. In this article, an image defogging algorithm based on image enhancement is proposed for consumer UAV soil and water conservation monitoring image. From the perspective of image processing, the restored image is finally obtained by performing white balance processing and contrast enhancement processing on the image respectively, based on image fusion and automatic color gradation processing. The speed optimization experiment is carried out by computer coding, and the images before and after defogging are quantitatively compared by objective image quality evaluation method. Experimental results show that compared with wavelet transform algorithm, this algorithm has better processing effect in image detail restoration and color fidelity.


Sequential Monte Carlo methods (also known as particle filters and smoothers) are used for filtering and smoothing in general state-space models. These methods are based on importance sampling. In practice, it is often difficult to find a suitable proposal which allows effective importance sampling. This article develops an original particle filter and an original particle smoother which employ nonparametric importance sampling. The basic idea is to use a nonparametric estimate of the marginally optimal proposal. The proposed algorithms provide a better approximation of the filtering and smoothing distributions than standard methods. The methods' advantage is most distinct in severely nonlinear situations. In contrast to most existing methods, they allow the use of quasi-Monte Carlo (QMC) sampling. In addition, they do not suffer from weight degeneration rendering a resampling step unnecessary. For the estimation of model parameters, an efficient on-line maximum-likelihood (ML) estimation technique is proposed which is also based on nonparametric approximations. All suggested algorithms have almost linear complexity for low-dimensional state-spaces. This is an advantage over standard smoothing and ML procedures. Particularly, all existing sequential Monte Carlo methods that incorporate QMC sampling have quadratic complexity. As an application, stochastic volatility estimation for high-frequency financial data is considered, which is of great importance in practice. The computer code is partly available as supplemental material.


Physical fitness in a group of 49 stable asthmatic children was determined by an incremental exercise test. Thirty‐one normal children served as a control group. The asthmatic children were divided into three groups. Group 1 was comprised of 16 children who actively participated in organized sports, Group 2 of 16 children who did not participate in organized sports but who engaged in free‐play, and Group 3 of 17 children with a sedentary life‐style who avoided even free‐play. The results of cardiopulmonary evaluation before and after maximal incremental exercise testing have shown that Groups 1 and 2 behaved like the control group and their physical fitness was similar. Group 3 whose life‐style was sedentary had poor physical fitness as compared to the other asthmatics and to the control group. This was the result of poor cardiovascular conditioning and was unrelated to the respiratory limitation. We conclude that poor physical fitness in asthmatic children is the result of a sedentary life‐style and can be potentially normalized. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


In your initial application of 13 July 2015, addressed to the Secretariat-General (SG) and registered under reference GESTDEM 2015/3715, you requested further to the documents already received GestDem 2015/1110, copies of all subsequent applications by former Commissioner Androulla VASSILIOU which seeks Commission authorisation for new professional activities under the commissioner code of conduct, including as a Member of the Board of Trustees of the Cyprus Research and Educational Foundation and as Representative of the Republic of Cyprus on the High Council of the European University Institute. I would further like to request any emails, correspondence and meeting notes which relate to these applications; all opinions from the ad hoc ethical committee on each case; and copies of the Commission's final decision in each case.


Objectives: To determine the level of depression , anxiety and stresss in pathologists due to Covid -19 pandemic .
Materials and methods: It was a Cross sectional Analytical Multicenter Questionnaire based study conducted from April 2020 to June 2020 by including Pathologists working in Khyber Teaching Hospital and Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences , Islamabad. Informed written consent was obtained and DASS-21 Questionnaire was administred .Data was analysed by SPSS. Levels of depression, anxiety and stress were determined and analysed by multiple regression to predict depression anxiety and stress levels from demographics.
Results: Mean age of the study sample was 25-63 (37±8.75).There were 13(22.4%) males and 45(77.6%) females. Overall DAS score, mean depression , anxiety and stress score were 31.5±22, 8.7±9.1, 7.4±7.1 and 15.3±9 respectively. Females had higher overall DAS score (U=156.5, p=.011), depression score (U=178.5, p=.032) and anxiety score (U=168.5, p=.029) as compared to males. Anxiety scores were highest in pathologists working in microbiology section and lowest in those of chemical pathology section (?2=8.13,p=.043). Multiple regression analysis showed that female gender was significantly associated with a higher overall DAS sore (?=13.69 , p=.047) and stress score (?=6.10 , p=.031) as compared to male gender.
Conclusion: Pathologists working in Covid-19 pandemic have a high level of mental distress and females have higher level of psychological distress as compared to males. Implementation of mental support programmes for health care workers during pandemic situations is required to provide psychological support to health care workers.


Given an essentially finite type morphism of schemes f: X --> Y and a positive integer d, let f^{d}: X^{d} --> Y denote the natural map from the d-fold fiber product, X^{d}, of X over Y and \pi_i: X^{d} --> X the i'th canonical projection. When Y smooth over a field and F is a coherent sheaf on X, it is proved that F is flat over Y if (and only if) f^{d} maps the associated points of the tensor product sheaf \otimes_{i=1}^d \pi_i^*(F) to generic points of Y, for some d greater than or equal to dim Y. The equivalent statement in commutative algebra is an analog---but not a consequence---of a classical criterion of Auslander and Lichtenbaum for the freeness of finitely generated modules over regular local rings.


Aerosol distribution over Europe: a model evaluation study with detailed aerosol microphysics B. Langmann, S. Varghese, E. Marmer, E. Vignati, J. Wilson, P. Stier, and C. O'Dowd School of Physics and Centre for Climate & Air Pollution Studies, Environmental Change Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland Climate Change Unit, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK present affiliation: Institute of Geophysics, University Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany Received: 22 November 2007 – Accepted: 28 November 2007 – Published: 13 December 2007 Correspondence to: B. Langmann (email@example.com)


A new band-hinder filter based on Fourier translate was supplied,which could enhance the operation velocity and adapt to the demand for image enhanced.The new band-hinder filter can make the binarization of fingerprint image do not lose characteristic information.


A new ferromagnetic material which does not contain transition metals have been theoretically designed. CaAs in a distorted zinc‐blende structure is shown to be ferromagnetic by the first‐principles calculation. A tetragonally compressed structure is an energy minimal and has a total magnetic moment of 1 μB per the chemical formula, although a tetragonally expanded energy‐minimum structure loses the moment. A guideline to fabricate the ferromagnetic material is discussed.


Discussing, analyzing, and commenting on current international marketing topics is critically important to expand the international knowledge base so that rational and workable decisions can be developed for implementation in a complex world environment. Ilan Alon and Eugene Jaffe have written a marketing text that develops a contemporary cross-continent perspective on marketing concepts and ideas that are invaluable to both academicians and practitioners. This global marketing text provides a current, well-written presentation of international marketing topics. While many of the topical areas are commonly presented in traditional books, this source's unique features include a more detailed presentation of how issues of technology and social media have a significant impact on the marketing of goods and services even in developing countries. The reach of the Internet to unknown places has allowed marketers to provide offerings that previously were unheard of or totally unavailable to people in remote regions of the world. Three other features are different and make a contribution to advancing the understanding and knowledge of global marketing. First is a substantive discussion of the social environments that exist in global regional market segments. Providing an understanding of these dimensions gives the reader a broader understanding of this complex topic and more insight into the effects that social issues have on the buying of goods and services. Second, a different approach is taken to explaining the issue of global placement and distribution channels,including a discussion of logistics and supply chain management's linkage to the global marketing activities. Finally, the issues of ethics and corporate social responsibility in the international marketplace. While this is a complex topical area, its placement in global marketing is essential in order to promote the integration of product and service marketing around the world. The last two critical elements of the book relate to the richness and currency of the cases and the inclusion of small and medium-size enterprises (SMEs) as critical business players in global marketing. The cases are efficiently and effectively composed and presented. They give the reader a solid connection with contemporary global marketing issues that are an everyday challenge to global marketers. These cases provide major insights and raise issues that need analysis and solutions in global environments. Blending the chapter topics with the associated and relevant cases gives the reader and course instructor some powerful information suitable for both academician and practitioner applications. The discussions on global marketing and SMEs are rare inclusions in global marketing texts. Historically, the major discussion has focused on multinational operations and how such entities analyze and implement their decisions


EXECUTIVE SUMMARY * GRAPHS IN CORPORATE ANNUAL REPORTS may have an altered vertical scale and often report a more favorable picture than warranted by the underlying financial information. Auditors can perform a real service for their clients by pointing out the existence of graphical alterations in financial statements and helping companies avoid potential "earnings management" problems. * AUDITORS ARE NOT REQUIRED to corroborate or test additional financial information reported in corporate annual reports, such as data in ratios and graphs. However, auditors should consider whether such information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements. * A PROPERLY CONSTRUCTED GRAPH that begins with a vertical scale of zero has no disparity between the picture and the numbers. There are high-tech and low-tech solutions auditors can use to detect vertical scale alterations less obvious to the eye. * ASSESSING MATERIAL INCONSISTENCIES involves auditor judgment. Auditors should consider the materiality guidance outlined in the SEC's SAB no. 99 in preparing financial statements and performing audits of them. * PRACTITIONERS ENGAGED TO EXAMINE MD&A should explore the materiality implications of graphical alterations and to what extent they lack reliability or representational faithfulness. Intentionally altered graphs mask trends and the real-life events they purport to convey. At least one in 10 graphs in corporate annual reports has an altered vertical scale that depicts a more positive picture than the underlying financial information warrants. The vertical scale modifications can change readers' judgments, alter trends and may be deemed intentional by regulators if they seem to magnify favorable information. Auditors can perform a real service for their clients by pointing out the existence of graphical alterations in financial statements and helping companies avoid potential "earnings management" problems with the SEC and investors. Evidence of altered graphs in corporate annual reports spans more than a decade. Vertical scale alterations are reported around the world. According to a 1997 study of 300 annual reports from six countries by the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales, the design and construction of graphs in annual reports are often poor. Measurement distortions, including vertical scale alterations, were the worst in annual reports from France, the United Kingdom and the United States. WHAT ARE AUDITORS LOOKING AT? Auditors review financial graphs for material inconsistencies with the financial statements as part of the process described in Statement of Auditing Standards no. 8, Other Information in Documents Containing Auditing Financial Statements, or in a separate engagement to examine the MD&A where most graphs appear as set forth in Statement on Standards for Attestation Engagements no. 8, Management's Discussion and Analysis. The graphs portray trends and forward-looking information investors want in annual reports and that the SEC requires for displays of performance in proxy statements (Executive Compensation, 17 CFR 229.402(1)) and registration statements of mutual funds (Registration Form Used by Open-Ended Management Investment Companies, 17 CFR 239.15A and 17 CFR274.1 lA). Auditors are not required to corroborate or test additional financial information reported in corporate annual reports, such as data in ratios and graphs. However, SAS no. 8 says an auditor should read and consider whether such information, or its presentation, is materially inconsistent with information appearing in the financial statements (see "Regulatory Considerations," page 51). HOW TO SPOT ALTERATIONS The most obvious vertical scale alterations display broken scales or gradations that begin at a number greater than zero. The observer can detect less obvious alterations by looking at the graph itself and its numbers. …


WeChat as a type of mobile software with social communication attribute and platform function can offer a new platform and application mode for distance education. Real-time communication and good use experience of WeChat can make students have high use ratio and degree of tackiness. WeChat learning platform makes distance education more feasible, convenient and efficient. This paper takes Folk Literature as the experimental course and adopts interview and statistical data methods to contrastively analyze classroom effect differences before and after application of WeChat learning platform through design of WeChat learning platform of Folk Literature distance education, teaching design and case design and application effect analysis of WeChat learning platform application. This paper provides theoretical support and data support for Folk Literature distance education and its application in college education.


A Wiener filter design method for distributed asynchronous microphones is proposed. The major approach to speech enhancement with a distributed microphone array has been to form directivity after adjusting the sampling rate between asynchronous microphones. However, since the synchronization accuracy varies with the source signal, noise reduction performance is often degraded. To achieve speech enhancement without accurate synchronization adjustment, we applied Wiener filtering to the highest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) microphone observation signal. To design a Wiener filter, which is composed of the estimated power spectrum density (PSD) of a target source and other noises, it is necessary to estimate the sensitivities between sound sources and microphones and the number of sound sources without prior information. Under the assumption that source signals are sparse in the time-frequency domain, the sensitivities from a sound source to the microphones are estimated from observed signals. By classifying the estimated sensitivities, the number of sound sources is estimated. Through experiments with asynchronous microphones implemented in smart-phones, we confirmed that the sensitivities between sound sources and microphones were estimated accurately and that the output SNR was improved with the proposed method.


We develop a finite‐difference time domain (FDTD) model of the acoustic propagation around outdoor man‐made structures that includes the effects of atmospheric turbulence and porous ground surfaces. The wind flow around the building is determined with a Navier–Stokes approach, whereas, the basic acoustic propagation model is based on the coupled first‐order partial differential equations for linear acoustic propagation in a dynamic environment developed in by [Collier et al., Proceedings of the 2005 MSS BAMS]. Special numerical techniques are required to model the sound interaction at the man‐made structure, in particular, for buildings with complicated geometries. For two‐dimensional propagation, this numerical model can be run on a standard desktop computer. However, for three‐dimensional propagation, high performance computers are needed. Here we present results from the numerical simulations and compare them to recently collected data [Alberts and Noble, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 121, 3064 (2007)].


The circle is closed. The European Modula-2 Conference was originally launched with the goal of increasing the popularity of Modula-2, a programming language created by Niklaus Wirth and his team at ETH Zürich as a successor of Pascal. For more than a decade, the conference has wandered through Europe, passing Bled, Slovenia, in 1987, Loughborough, UK, in 1990, Ulm, Germany, in 1994, and Linz, Austria, in 1997. Now, at the beginning of the new millennium, it is back at its roots in Zürich, Switzerland. While traveling through space and time, the conference has mutated. It has widened its scope and changed its name to Joint Modular Languages Conference (JMLC). With an invariant focus, though, on modular software construction in teaching, research, and "out there" in industry. This topic has never been more important than today, ironically not because of insufficient language support but, quite on the contrary, due to a truly confusing variety of modular concepts offered by modern languages: modules, packages, classes, and components, the newest and still controversial trend. "The recent notion of component is still very vaguely defined, so vaguely, in fact, that it almost seems advisable to ignore it." (Wirth in his article "Records, Modules, Objects, Classes, Components" in honor of Hoare's retirement in 1999). Clarification is needed. The JMLC 2000 featured four distinguished speakers: Ole Lehrmann Madsen, Bertrand Meyer, Clemens Szyperski, and Niklaus Wirth and 20 presentations of high-quality papers from 9 countries, a careful selection from 54 papers initially submitted to the refereeing process. Perspectives comprised parallel and distributed computing, components, extensions and applications, compilers, and runtime environments. A tutorial prelude taught by international experts shed light on commercially available component systems, including COM, JavaBeans, CORBA, Component Pascal, and Eiffel, and a special Oberon event provided a forum for Oberon developers from industry and academia to present their latest creations. I would like to thank Springer-Verlag for publishing these proceedings and Wolfgang Weck for his editorial assistance. My thanks also go to the program committee members and to the referees whose competence assured the quality of this conference. Last but not least I thank all the helpful people at ETH and in particular Eva Ruiz, Patrik Reali, Marco Sanvido, Michela Taufer, and André Fischer for their work and dedication.