The structure of the porous aluminium-oxide layer, which builds non-image areas, has the most significant influence on the quality of final graphical product. This paper presents the results of the application of EIS in the characterisation and detection of changes on the aluminium-oxide layer caused by chemical processing in highly alkaline solution. The Al2O3 layer was characterised using SEM, fractal dimension and surface free energy calculation and EIS analysis. The results of the investigation showed that chemical processing has a significant influence on the structure of aluminium-oxide which could lead to a decrease in the quality of the printing plate. EIS enables the detection of changes on the aluminium-oxide layer. The two equivalent circuits are proposed. Based on modelling with the obtained EIS spectra, precise evaluation of developing time in which complete removal of the photoactive layer is achieved. This makes EIS a powerful tool in optimizing chemical processing of lithographic printing plates.


In this study, sesame oil was chosen as the experimental sample and analysed for its triglyceride composition by high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) in combination with gas liquid chromatography(GLC). The triglycerides were separated from sesame oil by liquid chromatographies on Bio-Beads SX-2 and on Sephadex LH-20, and fractionated into five groups on the basis of their partition numbers by reverse phase HPLC on a column packed with C18 using methanol-chloroform mix-ture as a solvent. Each of these collected fractions gave one to three peaks in the GLC chromatograms according to the acyl carbon number of the triglyceride, and fatty acid composition of the triglyceride was also analysed by GLC. From the results, it was found that the sesame oil consists with twenty one kinds of triglyceri-des, and the major triglycerides of sesame oil are those of .


Relationships are of paramount importance for adolescents whose lives are undergoing changes in many dimensions. With appropriate support and care grounded in relational processes, young people can more readily overcome disaffection and apathy. In this chapter, the authors place special emphasis on the quality of interaction and exchange among students and between students and teachers, especially when exploring and reflecting on their experiences and processes of learning. Carefully facilitated dialogic and collaborative approaches in the classroom can provide meaningful feedback on the learning tasks as well as help sustain students' engagement in learning. Other practices such as portfolio work, learning agreements, journaling, and personal records can further nurture students' capacity to reflect on learning, including self-evaluation and co-evaluation with peers. Likewise, learning groups and collaborative projects are excellent illustrations of how a relational orientation to evaluation can enrich students' potential to build positive relations with others and with learning.


The invention discloses a W-type flexible anti-seismic cast iron drainage pipe construction method. The method sequentially includes a, measuring and wiring, namely measuring, wiring and positioning according to construction drawings, arranging an embedded sleeve penetrating floor slabs and walls with one-size-larger diameter than the required diameter; measuring and wiring according to the construction drawings, and determining the required pipe length according to results; and determining positions for arranging supports and suspensions according to the required pipe length; b, mounting the supports and suspensions, namely arranging vertical pipe supports and suspensions, fixing a drainage vertical pipe onto a building bearing structure through the supports arranged in layers; c, mounting the pipe; d, mounting branch pipes; e, connecting with other pipes, auxiliary members and water equipment; f, performing a water filling test; g, performing a water test; h, performing a ball-passing test.


Numerous recovery strategies have been used in an attempt to minimize the symptoms of low back pain (LBP). However, scientific evidence to support the effects of a Combination Treatment on low back pain is lacking. The purpose of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of a combined - physical exercise program versus routine exercise and posture education on pain and disability of people with nonspecific chronic low back pain. The study was designed as a clinical and pseudo-experimental trial set at University laboratory. The participant s included a population of 33 men gaining from 18 to 45 years old with chronic low back pain. The interventions in this study were Routine therapeutic protocol, a combined - therapeutic protocol (Therapeutic Aquatic Exercise and foam roller and Swiss-ball exercises plus massage), posture education (back school), all delivered by experienced Physical therapists, thrice a week for 6 weeks. Measurements: Sorensen Test, Trunk flexors endurance test, Side bridge endurance test, Modified schober test, McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ), Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ). There were differences between the groups at 6 weeks for pain measurements (MPQ), disability scores (RMDQ). A combined - physical exercise program is more effective than general exercise for decreasing pain and disability, eventually, improving quality of life and function in a population suffering from chronic low back pain.


Background A simple, inexpensive method is needed for predicting fluid responsiveness in patients during surgery. A previously described method using the Datex Ohmeda S/5 monitor to record arterial and pulse pressure might be accurate enough to use for this purpose. Methods In this study, 26 patients undergoing scheduled craniotomy surgery, we compared measurement of systolic pressure variation (SPV) (measured as both mm Hg and %) and pulse pressure variation (PPV%) using the Ohmeda monitor method to simultaneously measurement of a reference standard, stroke volume variation (SVV) determined with an Edwards FloTrac/Vigileo monitor, during volume loading. Results Variation in systolic pressure, pulse pressure, and stroke volume all decreased proportionally as fluid volume increased. The 3 test parameters, SPV (%), SPV (mm Hg), and PPV (%) were highly correlated to SVV, the reference standard. Bland-Altman plots comparing SPV (%) and PPV with SVV showed agreement with this standard. Receiver operating characteristic curves showed no significant difference between the 3 test parameters for predicting the vascular response to fluid infusion. Conclusions There were no significant differences between SPV and PPV estimation using the Ohmeda monitor method and the reference SVV measurement for predicting vascular changes in response to fluid loading. The Ohmeda monitor method requires less sophisticated technology and is much less expensive than other methods.


Terms for expressing earthquake potential and prediction include two main categories, "long-term earthquake potential" and "earthquake prediction." Earthquake prediction is subdivided into three categories "long-term prediction," "intermediate-term prediction," and "short-term prediction." Long-term prediction is not subdivided, but two terms, "watch" and "forecast," are recognized as having similar meanings. "Short-term prediction" is subdivided into "alert" and "imminent alert." The subdivisions of earthquake prediction are based on different time frames.

Earthquake potential or probability can be expressed either numerically or verbally according to a variety of schemes.


Observing very few mentoring studies in hospitality literature, this study develops and test, a research model to understand the influence of monitoring functions on role stress, job attitude and staff turnover intentions in hotel Radisson Blu, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh. The data has been collected with the help of a structured questionnaire from employees of Radisson Blu,Greater Noida, who had been part of mentoring programs. This study revolves around four main functions of mentoring activity of this hotel including carrier development, psychosocial support, refresher program, motivational effort and others. Statistical analyses were used to examine the importance and role of the connect among different functions and the final outcome among the different variables.The psychosocial function reflects a strong relationship among the variables in this study. A positive reflection on job satisfaction, organizational commitment, a negative reflection on role conflict, role ambiguity, turnover intention. No significant connect was observed between carrier development function and role ambiguity, between role modeling and role ambiguity, or between role ambiguity and turnover intention. A positive reflection was observed as on role clarity due to refresher programs and motivational efforts resulting in positive organizational commitment. The final outcome of this study will enable need and effects of mentoring on job satisfaction leading to positive reflections and outcome on staff turnover and directions for improving their outcome.The proposed structural equation model and this study can help present day hotel human resource and operational hotel managers in focusing and developing more effective mentoring programs.


SPECIATION IN ABIOTIC SYSTEMS H. B. Smith, Wim Hordijk, Sijbren Otto, and S.I.Walker. School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe AZ USA, Konrad Lorenz Institute for Evolution and Cognition Research, Klosterneuburg, Austria, University of Groningen, Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands, Beyond Center for Fundamental Concepts in Science, Arizona State University, Tempe AZ USA, Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Seattle WA USA, Email: email@example.com


The use of different materials not friendly to the environment in the production of secondary food packaging, mainly plastic and cardboard, generates concern in the world, both for the production of greater waste that can be disposed of or recycled, in the case of plastics, and the felling of trees in the case of cardboard. As a central point of the study, the methodology of the research is presented, describing the agglomerate elaboration procedures, physical and microbiological analysis, as well as the experimental design to identify the best treatment and the presentation of results. These procedures make it possible to demonstrate the feasibility of preparing packages with uvilla fiber. In the theoretical basis of the study 3 different treatments were used, being treatment 1 (60 percent fiber-40 percent arrocillo), treatment 2 (70 percent fiber-30 percent arrocillo) where the general characteristics of the agglomerate are explained and identifying which is the best treatment during the study being this the T3 the most optimal with the composition (50 percent fiber-50 percent arrocillo). This analysis is compared with the cost-benefit analysis, the results and discussion.


Petroleum production in western Europe excluding Austria increased 25 per cent in 1955, or at a greater rate than in 1954, due to the placing on full production of two large fields discovered in previous years, Parentis in France, and Ragusa in Sicily, as well as steady increases in production in Germany and the Netherlands. The Austrian oil industry was returned by Russia to Austrian control in August. As Austrian production is greater than that of any other country in the western zone of Europe, this was the chief factor in a substantial boost in daily average production in western Europe from 87,486 barrels in 1954 to 177,265 barrels in 1955. West Germany was the second most important producing country, but in spite of intensified drilling and exploration, German reser es showed only a modest increase. One of the most significant new developments of the year was the discovery of oil shallower than 2,000 feet in two fields in the Abruzzi region of Sicily. Another well in Abruzzi had good showings of low-gravity oil in the Lower Cretaceous at about 10,000 feet.


There are many students of Islamic Education and Teacher Training Facultyof IAIN Walisongo Semarang who have complained that Islamic reading texts used by their teachers are hard for them to understand. I examine this issue by seeing some linguistic aspects of those reading texts. This Qualitative and Descriptive approach highlighted the types of grammatical and lexical cohesive devices and the realization of cohesiveness of those reading textsbased on Halliday and Hasan's theory.The result of the study shows that the six reading texts (A.1, 2, 3; and B.1, 2, 3) stated in reading textbooks: English for Islamic Studies, English for Islamic Studies 2, Understanding Islam; for Islamic Studies; in terms of cohesion (following Halliday and Hasan's principles of reading texts) respectively the average score of anaphoric references: 54.17% for text A.3, 53.85% for text B.2, 53.06% for text A.1, 48.57% for text B.3, 41.86% for text B.1, 33.33% for text A.3. After consulting to the Halliday and Hasan's principles of cohesion of the reading texts (1989), that the most cohesive reading texts is text A.3, whereas the least cohesive one is Text A.2. Finally, these factors will assist lecturers and students in choosing the appropriate book for them.


Presented are real‐time ultrasound findings in partially and completely denervated muscles of 30 patients with focal neurpathy and various other disorders of the second motor neuron. Sonographic scans of affected muscles are analyzed in conjunction with unaffected muscles of the same individual, under identical examination conditions. Initial pathological ultrasound changes could be detected as soon as 2 weeks after an acute neurogenic lesion. In denervation, the echodensity of the muscle was high and the normal intramuscular pattern was decomposed. Findings were more intense in severe and longstanding denervation. Ultrasoudn‐indicated pathology correlated highly (chi‐square: P < 0.001) with pathological sponteneous activity detected by electromyography. Focal and systemic neuropathies showed no differences in ultrasound pathology. Six cases with central motor palsy had normal sonograms. Poor spatial resolution of real‐time ultrasonography–as compared with CT and MRI–is compensated by its bedside availability, frequent repeatability without patient risk and discomfort, and its in vivo correlation of muscle morphology with muscle function.


1. A wireless communication device, comprising:! a memory configured to store at least a first sequence from a group of first sequences having a low cross correlation with each other, the first length and at least two second sequences of a group of second sequences having a low cross correlation with each other, the second length, which differs from the first length; and! circuit coupled with the memory, wherein the circuit is operative to multiply the pilot symbols to be transmitted from each of the plurality of antenna groups, using at least one first sequence and at least two second sequences. ! 2. The wireless communication apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the memory further configured to store the scrambling sequence, and wherein the processor is further configured to multiply the pilot symbols with a scrambling code. ! 3. The wireless communication apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the scrambling sequence contains a unique scrambling sequence. ! 4. The wireless communication apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the circuit comprises a processor. ! 5. The wireless communication apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the circuit is adapted to modulate each symbol carrier frequency of the pilot signal according to a predetermined pattern. ! 6. The wireless communication apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the predetermined pattern is the same for each antenna group. ! 7. The wireless communication apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the circuit is adapted to change the predetermined pattern over time. ! 8. Wireless device


Increase in mean sea surface temperature (SST) over the years is the primary indicator of ocean warming; which is likely to impact fish growth, reproduction and migration in the ocean. As a prelude to understanding changes in biotic communities along the Tamil Nadu coast of India, the trend in SST along the Tamil Nadu coast was assessed over a period of 105 years (1906-2010). The annual catch data of two major pelagic resources, the Indian oilsardine and Indian mackerel, and the annual catch (1979-2010) by the trawlers operating from Madras Fisheries Harbour, Chennai, were correlated with SST. There was an increase in minimum and maximum SST in all the seasons off Nagapattinam and Kanyakumari while at Chennai, the minimum SST in south-west monsoon season and maximum SST in summer season has decreased. The catches of oilsardine and mackerel showed an increasing trend over the last 25 years. Seasonal analysis showed positive correlation of the catches with SST. The catch of oilsardine during the summer months in particular showed an increasing trend over the period. Among the 17 dominant resource groups assessed, the catch of whitebaits showed significant positive correlation with increasing SST (at 5% level). Ribbonfish, perches and crabs also showed high 'r' values but the correlation was not statistically significant.


In this article we introduce a nonparametric estimator of the spectral density by smoothing the periodogram using beta kernel density. The estimator is proved to be bounded for short memory data and diverges at the origin for long memory data. The convergence in probability of the relative error and Monte Carlo simulations show that the proposed estimator automatically adapts to the long‐ and the short‐range dependency of the process. A cross‐validation procedure is studied in order to select the nuisance parameter of the estimator. Illustrations on historical as well as most recent returns and absolute returns of the S&P500 index show the performance of the beta kernel estimator. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 48: 582–595; 2020 © 2020 Statistical Society of Canada


Background Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is the most common endocrine abnormality of the new- born with associated extra- thyroidal anomalies (ETAs) been documented in the literature at varying rates. Majority of the patients are diagnosed with CH at an earlier age due to the implementation of the neonatal screening program in many countries of the world. Congenital heart diseases (CHD) are the most frequently reported extra thyroidal anomaly. No data on such associations have been reported from the Middle Eastern region. Aim To demonstrate the number and describe the variety of congenital extra- thyroidal anomalies associated with congenital hypothyroidism in babies born in UAE. Methodology The study was designed as a retrospective, cross- sectional study in patients with confirmed diagnosis of congenital hypothyroidism. 204 patients with confirmed congenital hypothyroidism from two tertiary government centres in Dubai under Dubai Healthy Authority with specialized paediatric endocrinology units were included in the study. Patients with Down syndrome, preterms < 35 weeks gestation and babies with TORCH infections were subsequently excluded from the study. Results 39% of the included subjects with congenital hypothyroidism had associated extra- thyroidal anomalies. Out of these 25% had single ETA, 12% had multiple ETAs and 2% hadassociated syndromes. The total sample had a male to female ratio of 1.1:1 and a significant proportion of males from the Arab population of UAE and Middle- east were affected with CH as compared to other ethnic groups (p = 0.03). The most common aetiological cause of CH was determined to be dyshormonogenesis (55%) followed by dysgenesis (45%). Amongst the cohort of dysgenesis, males with ectopic lingual thyroid gland were affected more with ETAs as compared to females of the same cohort (p = 0.02). The most common ETAs were congenital heart disease (16%) followed by urogenital tract anomalies (14%). A wide spectrum of multiple ETAs was observed as well as a number of syndromes including Sanjad Sakati syndrome, Turner syndrome, William syndrome, VATER association and Congenital Disorder of Glycosylation. Conclusion The study detected a higher rate of ETAs associated with congenital hypothyroidism in the included population subset with noted differences in the gender, ethnic distribution and etiological types of CH as compared to what has been previously reported in the past. Detection of a high rate and variability of ETAs associated with CH necessitates a vigilant clinical and diagnostic approach to all babies with CH.


Since it is based on the importance of experience and its understanding, Mezirow's theory applies to adult learning. Adults accumulate during their lives plenty of experience in terms of associations, concepts, values, feelings, and beliefs. These elements of the experience form a number of various meaning schemata, each of which contains only specific knowledge and values. As defined by Mezirow, a meaning schema is


A 64-year-old woman had a cutaneous primary malignant melanoma excised from the right knee in May 1990. The lesion measured 4.5 mm in thickness according to Breslow and infiltrated into Clark's level W. In September 1990 she developed a regional lymph node metastasis for which she had an inguinal block dissection. One lymph node was totally replaced by tumour. She received no adjuvant treatment. On 11 January 1991 a subcutaneous metastasis developed in the right upper thigh which was resected and histologically confirmed. On 31 January 1991 a computerized tomography (CT) scan of the chest, abdomen and pelvis revealed no metastases in the lung and mediastinum but disease in the right axilla as well as extensive abdominal lymphadenopathy with infiltration of the left lobe of the liver by tumour. A full blood count taken at this time demonstrated a white cell count of 32xlO9/l with a marked neutrophilia and left shift, the rest of the count was normal. At this point the patient was referred to the Medical Oncology Unit at the Westminster Hospital for further management. The lymphadenopathy progressed clinically and by 21 February 1991 a chest X-ray demonstrated widespread pulmonary metastases and a left pleural effusion which had not been present on a CT scan ofthe thorax 3 weeks earlier. A full blood count showed a dramatic change with the white cell count having risen to 134xlO9/l with an eosinophilia of 40.2x 109/l. A bone scan at this time revealed a single area of activity in the skull and a bone marrow aspirate and trephine biopsy demonstrated a very active marrow with 35% of all nucleated cells being eosinophils or their precursors. There was no evidence of malignant infiltration in the biopsy specimen. During this 3 week period the patient had received no new drugs, developed no specific symptoms and had no demonstrable parasitic infection. Chemotherapy was commenced on 22 February 1991 with the DJV3F regime, as previously described'. This combination incorporates vinblastine, carboplatin, vindesine, DTIC, vincristine and fotemustine administered on alternating cycles every 2-3 weeks. Following the vinblastine, carboplatin and vindesine components there was a dramatic fall in the eosinophil count which on 18 March had fallen to 6.7x 1091/1. However, her malignant melanoma progressed against treatment and the patient died on 21 April 1991. A post-mortem examination confirmed widespread metastases from malignant melanoma involving both lungs as well as many other organs as the cause of death. Eosinophilia occurs in association with a number of neoplastic diseases, in particular carcinoma ofthe lung, acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and lympho-reticular malignancies especially Hodgkina disease2. Although up to 15% of patients with Hodgkins disease have a raised eosinophil count it is rarely marked3. To our knowledge marked eosinophilia has only been described in one patient with malignant melanoma4, although slight increases in number have been reported in up to 15% of patients prior to therapy'. We retrospectively looked at 30 hospital notes ofpatients with disseminated malignant melanoma randomly selected from a computerized database of 1300 patients registered with the Medical Oncology Unit at Westminster Hospital, in whom manual differential blood counts had been performed prior to treatment. Five (17%) of these had eosinophil counts outside the normal range ofour laboratory (0.04-0.4x10911; mean 0.6, range 0.5-0.9). The rapid development of eosinophilia in the patient described appeared to coincide with the accelerated progression of the melanoma, particularly in the chest where widespread metastases became apparently established over a 3 week period. It has been shown that serum extracts from a patient with a bronchogenic carcinoma stimulated the production of eosinophil colonies from bone marrow and a peptide acting as an eosinophilopoietin has also been isolated6. Perhaps a similar mechanism is involved in this case. It is of interest that while the eosinophilia largely resolved following the commencement ofchemotherapy there was no apparent clinical response.


The paper examined one of the least explored issues of the Russian philology, namely a syntactic zero. One should accurately differentiate the syntactic zero from other positions being not substituted in the sentence, such as ellipse, incompleteness, etc. Actually, one could hardly find the papers having considered this issue, with proper description and comprehensive differentiation for syntactic zero' instances. Experts carried multiple debates on what one should recognize for a zero, and nobody arranged zero instances into classification. The authors made a review of the papers of academic significance the linguists have produced, and specified zero categories for the Russian language, and have sorted out the main features typical of the syntactic zero. The authors assumed that the experts could sort out much more null syntactic categories, for example, in considering the null subject in the so-called single-constituent clauses (indefinite personal or generalized personal clauses, or impersonal ones). The authors tried, in order to escape overburdening of the presentation, to start with looking into the most fundamental and universally recognized zeros, in their opinion, namely a zero form of the copula and a zero of any verb of existence. The main principle of differentiating a syntactic zero means it being isomorphic to zero categories at other levels of language, because at any level of language the concept of zero is derived by tradition upon the set of elements drawn up in compliance with the principle of oppositions (i.e. paradigm).


This study is an evaluation of survival in patients with upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) cancer who did not receive guideline‐directed therapy.


In conventional radar tracking, kinematic measurements such as range, bearing and Doppler are usually used in target tracking methods. It has been demonstrated that the tracking performance can be further improved by utilizing more information. With regard to polarimetric radar system where polarization information (PI) is available, PI thus should also be exploited to ensure robustness of tracking performance. This paper considers the target tracking of polarimetric radar by incorporating PI into the probabilistic data association filter (PDAF). Firstly, a generalized structure of PI aided PDAF (PDAFPI) method is given. It is suitable for different radar models and different data association algorithms. Secondly, for the polarimetric monostatic radar, two versions of PDAFPI method are proposed for a single-target tracking. Specifically, the first version is the PDAFPI algorithm in optimum case (O-PDAFPI) where the polarimetric characteristics of target and noise covariances are known as a prior. The later one is a fully adaptive PDAFPI algorithm suitable for the suboptimum cases (S-PDAFPI) where the polarimetric parameters are unknown. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithms can effectively improve the tracking performance and track more reliably both non-maneuvering and maneuvering targets.


Phosphinite thioglycosides I for which a modular synthetic approach is reported, were found highly efficient catalyst precursors for palladium(0)-catalyzed asymmetric substitution. Both enantiomers of the allylated products have been obtained with high ee (up to 96%) using natural sugars as catalyst precursors.


SCF one-electron property calculations are reported for the nitroxyl molecule, using several types of Gaussian basis sets. An assessment is made of the size and type of basis set necessary to yield...


Fungi, yeasts and bacteria produce volatile compounds during their metabolism. In this study, the volatile compounds produced by yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa) and fungal strains (Aspergillus carbonarius and Aspergillus ochraceus) during competitive interactions were investigated by solid‐phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Fifty‐six volatile compounds were identified representing alcohols, aldehydes, esters, ketones, aromatic compounds, acids, furans, phenols, and nitrogen compounds, being the largest amount in the class of esters and alcohols. Eight compounds were identified only in interactive culture conditions such as 2‐amino‐1‐propanol, isopropylamine, dimethylamine, pentyl propanoate, ethyl‐2‐aminopropanoate, acetone, oxalic acid, and β‐elemene and five of these were produced in cocultures including A. carbonarius. These will be developed for future biotechnological applications such as in the pharmaceutical and biological industry to produce drugs. Antimicrobial and antifungal activities; Solvent and herbicide; flavoring ingredient; solvent, plastic synthesis, nail polish remover and thinner, pesticide and herbicide; important in the complexation of minerals in the soil; and plant‐environment interactions, defending predators, pathogens, and competitors.


Gallium (Ga) displays several metastable phases. Superconductivity is strongly enhanced in the metastable $\ensuremath{\beta}$-Ga with a critical temperature ${T}_{\mathrm{c}}=6.04(5)\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$, while stable $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-Ga has a much lower ${T}_{\mathrm{c}}l1.2\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$. Here we use a membrane-based nanocalorimeter to initiate the transition from $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-Ga to $\ensuremath{\beta}$-Ga on demand, as well as study the specific heat of the two phases on one and the same sample. The in situ transformation is initiated by bringing the temperature to about $10\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ above the melting temperature of $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-Ga. After such treatment, the liquid supercools down to $232\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$, where $\ensuremath{\beta}$-Ga solidifies. We find that $\ensuremath{\beta}$-Ga is a strong-coupling type-I superconductor with $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}(0)/{k}_{\mathrm{B}}{T}_{\mathrm{c}}=2.00(5)$ and a Sommerfeld coefficient ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{\mathrm{n}}=1.53(4)\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{mJ}/{\mathrm{molK}}^{2}$, 2.55 times higher than that in the $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ phase. The results allow a detailed comparison of fundamental thermodynamic properties between the two phases.


The diruthenium(II,II) and diosmium(III) acetates Ru/sub 2/(O/sub 2/CCH/sub 3/)/sub 4/Cl and Os/sub 2/(O/sub 2/CCH/sub 3/)/sub 4/Cl/sub 2/ react with alkyl isocyanides RNC (R = CHMe/sub 2/, CMe/sub 3/, or C/sub 6/H/sub 11/) to give the homoleptic metal(II) complexes (M(CNR)/sub 6/)(PF/sub 6/)/sub 2/ (M = Ru or Os). This is the first general synthetic route to these complexes and is an important further illustration of the use that can be made of the cleavage of multiple metal-metal bonds by ..pi..-acceptor ligands such as isocyanides. The tert-butyl isocyanide complexes readily undergo a dealkylation reaction to give the cyano derivatives (M(CNCMe/sub 3/)/sub 5/CN)PF/sub 6/. The spectroscopic (IR and /sup 1/H and /sup 13/C NMR) and electrochemical properties of these complexes have been measured. 34 references, 2 tables.


Abstract All highly erroneous (>300 n mi or 555 km at 72 h) Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS) and U.S. Navy version of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory model (GFDN) tropical cyclone track forecasts in the western North Pacific during 1997 are examined. Error mechanisms that are more related to midlatitude circulations are described in this paper and those errors that predominantly occur while the tropical cyclone (TC) is still in the Tropics are addressed in a companion paper. Responsible error mechanisms are described by conceptual models that are all related to known tropical cyclone motion processes that are being misrepresented in the dynamical models. As in the companion paper, characteristics and symptoms in the forecast tracks and model fields that accompany these frequently recurring error mechanisms are documented and illustrative case studies are presented. Whereas 21 GFDN forecasts were degraded by an improper prediction of a midlatitude system evolution, o...


The management of low-risk intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas continues to represent an important clinical dilemma. Current guidelines lack of sufficient good-quality evidence, especially regarding the natural history of branch duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms with no worrisome features. Herein, we aimed to summarize the current approach towards these lesions and the main controversial points regarding their management.


This paper introduces a model-based measure of the equilibrium federal funds rate and examines the indicator properties of the spread between observed and equilibrium rates. The results are compared to those of existing studies, which implicitly use long-term interest rates to proxy the equilibrium funds rate. Granger-causality tests suggest that different measures of the term-structure spread are dominated by the funds-rate spread as a forecaster of a wide range of macroeconomic variables. These results are supported by variance-decomposition analysis. The paper also estimates simple VARs to discuss how the policy stance responds to macroeconomic shocks. Copyright 1997 by Oxford University Press.


In Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP), the Long Term Borehole Monitoring System (LTBMS) is planned to be installed to sea bottom boreholes in the Nankai Trough area. LTBMS sensors are very sensitive instruments for collecting broadband dynamics with wide dynamic range for understanding earthquake mechanism. However, in IODP Exp.319, it was apparent that the strong ocean current "Kuroshio" cause vortex induced vibration (VIV) that gives damage to sensors in installation scheme. Thus, the LTBMS sensors have to be not only high sensitive but also rugged to survive against VIV. For this purpose, sensors with anti-vibration mechanism were developed by JAMSTEC project team. After development, noise evaluation test and vibration and shock tests that simulate vibration and shock in installation scheme were conducted for confirming the mechanism was working well. Furthermore, before and after the vibration and shock tests, power Spectral Density analysis was carried out using background noise recorded in low noise location, Matsushiro Seismological Observatory. As a result of this analysis, it was observed that the responses of sensors were not changed by the vibration and shock tests. Finally, all of these sensors were loaded to D/V Chikyu for installation to C0002 observatory in Exp.332.


Accepted: December 14, 2021 This work investigates the effect of eco-friendly chemical treatments on the mechanical and physical properties of composite laminates based on sisal fibres. A 2 2 3 1 full-factorial design is conducted to test the influence of chemical solution types, fibre treatment time, and polymer matrix type on the mechanical and morphological characterisation of the composites. Chemical treatments remove impurities from fibre surfaces, and enhance fibre-matrix adhesion. The treatments, especially with sodium carbonate (Na 2 CO 3 ), also progressively reduce the hemicellulose fibre content. Polyester composites made with sisal fibres treated with Na 2 CO 3 for 96h achieve enhanced strength and stiffness under tensile, compressive and impact loads. The results evidence the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed eco-friendly treatments for natural fibres and the application of renewable fibre laminates


The utility model relates to a twice demolding device for molds, which comprises a slide seat, an inclined guide post and a locking block. A guide block fixed on the slide seat is matched with a first core slider in an inclined plane manner, a second core slider is further connected onto the other side face of the slide seat and mutually and transversally abutted against the first core slider, a space is longitudinally arranged between the first core slider and the second core slider for the first core slider to move up and down, height of the space is not smaller than that of a first fastening position of a product, and when a first fastening position forming portion of the first core slider breaks away in a first fastening position state of the product, the second core slider is in linkage with the slide seat. Since breakaway is realized by means of inverted fastening with the product after respective descending and shifting movements of the two sliders, and only one slider is needed to be taken out when maintenance is required, the device has the advantages of simple structure, low mold development cost, short fabrication period, convenient assembly and maintenance, larger inverted fastening breakaway area due to the structure, fine strength of the core sliders, difficult damage on molds, and more reliable utilization.


This article is part of a master's thesis presented at the Universidad Europea del Atlántico that dealt with a field research that investigated: The burnout syndrome in a lawyer from the city of Manaus, and had as a problem: what are the effects of the burnout syndrome in women lawyer from the city of Manaus? Its general objective was to analyze the cases of syndrome of female lawyers in the city of Manaus, seeking to understand its effects on the daily life of the same. Five women were interviewed who had presented the problem in the last 2 years in the city of Manaus, State of Amazonas, Brazil. The results indicate that the therapeutic approach is multimodal and is based on recommendations for the psychosomatic management of functional somatic syndromes, complemented by interventions related to the work situation. It is concluded that Burnout among female lawyers has been little studied. The main burnout factors of the investigated workers are: professional factors and a high level of responsibility.


Indian telecommunication industry is the second largest in the world based on the total number of telephone users both fixed and mobile phones. It has one of the lowest call tariffs in the world enabled by the mega telephone networks and hyper-competition among them. The history of Indian telecom started with the introduction of telegraph. The need for independent regulation had risen with the entry of private players. Also, to fulfill the commitments made when India joined the World Trade Organisation (WTO) in 1995, the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) was established in 1997 to regulate telecom services including fixation and revision of tariffs. The establishment of TRAI was a positive step in terms of separation of regulations from policy making and operations, which continued to be under the purview of the DoT.


Charge transfer in Au nanoparticles (NPs) and Au@Ag core-shell NPs synthesized with a wet-chemical reduction method was investigated by X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques. The electron depletion of Au 5d state in the Au@Agx NPs compared to Au NPs was ascertained by the XANES analysis in Au L2,3-edges though the Ag thickness (x nm), which affected the hole density of Au 5d states. The order of Au 5d-state hole density was confirmed as Au foil  Au NPs < Au@Agx NPs. The positive and negative shifts in the Au 4f and Ag 3d binding energies in XPS spectra of Au@Agx NPs compared to Au or Ag NPs suggested that the Ag shell formation strongly contributes to the electron depletion of 5d state in Au atoms of the Au core. According to these results, we concluded that the electron transfer from Au to Ag in the Au@Ag heteromeric NPs followed the charge compensation mechanism.


A new restrained scheme for the transformer differential protection was brought forward by the authors in this paper. In this paper, the basic concept, construction theory, simulation analysis, physical dynamic simulation test and application were introduced, including the conclusion.


The wider perspectives of Dr Jay give hope for the future. The second volume is especially valuable in describing how the Church dealt with the intellectual consequences of the Age of Reason. There are clear and critical summaries of the theologies of a number of the major thinkers of the last three hundred years, with especially telling assessments of Schleiermacher and Ritschl, Barth, Tillich and Kung. Both Father Dulles and Professor Jay reveal the extent of the Church's power to adapt and to have the vitality and resilience to respond to new ways of life; it has lived and preached the gospel in every age, responding to the intellectual aspirations of the new generations. Both writers are thoroughly ecumenical and non-partisan and recognise the right of different churches to their own ethos and practice. The Anglican skippers will make their best contribution to our voyage by courageous optimism and being prepared to take their own decisions. The Anglican Communion is relatively small, but it has something distinctive to contribute. It includes Catholic and Protestant, radical biblical scholars and simple believers, socialists and conservatives. It can perhaps venture where larger ships with more elaborate rigging might find the going too rough. Francis Drake and Francis Chichester may be the best models after all. ALAN WEBSTER St Paul's Cathedral, London


The nuclear resonance absorption spectrum has been calculated theoretically for a tetrahedral 4‐spin system, with I of ½, for orientations in which the external magnetic field coincides with a two‐ or three‐fold symmetry axis of the tetrahedron or with a tetrahedral edge. Comparison of the theoretical results with the proton resonance observed at —195°C in a single crystal of ammonium chloride demonstrates that the NH4+ ion is oriented with the N–H bonds pointed essentially towards corners of the unit cube. An N–H distance of 1.032±0.005A is determined from the low‐temperature second moments of the resonance line with the applied magnetic field in the (1,0,0) and (1,1,0) directions. At room temperature, the anisotropy of the resonance results from inter —NH4+ interactions, with intra —NH4+ interactions averaged to zero by hindered rotational motions; free rotation of the ammonium ions does not occur. A small decrease with temperature of the second moment of the resonance line at the λ‐point agrees with th...


In this article I discuss the failure of most democratic countries to accept or properly implement the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, despite, except in the case of the United States, having ratified it. I consider the domestic implementation of treaties. I discuss, from an Australian perspective, that country's failure to enact a Bill of Rights and argue that children in Australia have suffered as a result. I also discuss judicial approaches to international law and compare the situation in countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, and New Zealand and suggest that even in those countries that do have a Bill of Rights, it is not oriented toward children and therefore does not properly recognize their rights.


Summary The central objective of advanced Full Waveform Inversion is to enable rapid turnaround of accurate velocities directly from raw seismic data. AWI with its convolutional filter-based residual represents a fundamental change in the way FWI is normally run, as an 'add on' to time-consuming velocity- model building performed on pre-processed data, where its role is to finesse a tomography starting model. Here we show the combined solution of AWI and RWI known collectively as XWI serves as a predictor for unseen drilling logs. The inversion is run on raw data from NW Australia (6 sailline validation test) demonstrating convergence to essentially the same result from two simple 1D starting models. It is able to predict deviations in a sonic log from a starting position over 1000 m/s away from the measured value. The cloud environment where XWI ingests traces directly from blob storage consists of a dynamic pool of interruptible compute instances. This allows for cost-effective frequency sweeps through the iterations and scalable hyperparameter scans. It also is configured for interfacing XWI with interactive processing software for seamless trace preparation and project start up.


Accuracy at the top is a special class of binary classification problems where the performance is evaluated only on a small number of relevant (top) samples. Applications include information retrieval systems or processes with manual (expensive) postprocessing. This leads to the minimization of irrelevant samples above a threshold. We consider classifiers in the form of an arbitrary (deep) network and propose a new method DeepTopPush for minimizing the top loss function. Since the threshold depends on all samples, the problem is non-decomposable. We modify the stochastic gradient descent to handle the non-decomposability in an end-to-end training manner and propose a way to estimate the threshold only from values on the current minibatch. We demonstrate the good performance of DeepTopPush on visual recognition datasets and on a real-world application of selecting a small number of molecules for further drug testing.


Geological mapping around the Baltoro granite batholith in North Pakistan has resulted in a more detailed picture of the 3-D anatomy of the batholith. U-Th-Pb geochronology on all the main intrusive phases has resulted in more detailed timing constraints on batholith evolution. The Karakoram terrane in North Pakistan, shows abundant evidence for Middle Jurassic and Cretaceous (170-90 Ma) Andean-type subduction-related granite intrusion (eg: K2, Muztagh Tower gneisses, Hunza granodiorites, Hushe gneisses). Following collision and accretion of first the Kohistan Arc, and later the Indian plate to the southern margin of Asia, crustal thickening along the Karakoram resulted in polyphase deformation, and multiple 'phases' of metamorphism and melting (Searle and Tirrul 1991; Fraser et al.2001). The major phase of kyanite- and sillimanite-grade metamorphism in the Baltoro region was Oligocene – Lower Miocene (28-22 Ma; UPb monazite ages). A widespread network of leucogranitic dykes that cross-cut folds and regional fabrics has been dated at 24.7 ± 0.6 Ma (U-Pb zircon) indicating that major thickening and folding was over by that time. Renewed deformation and heating in the middle-lower crust to sillimanite + K-feldspar grade with migmatisation and generation of gem-bearing leucogranite dykes occurred in the deep crustal Dassu gneiss dome in the southern Karakoram between 5.5 – 3.5 ± 0.2 Ma (U-Pb zircon, monazite). The Baltoro granite batholith, previously dated between 25-20 Ma (Parrish and Tirrul 1989, Scharer et al. 1990, Searle et al. 1992) also includes Early Miocene granites. New U-Pb monazite ages from crustal melt biotite + muscovite + garnet leucogranites from the Trango Towers, Cathedral peak and Paiyu peak span 19.8 – 17.5 ± 0.5 Ma. The youngest leucogranites from the huge sheeted sill complex that feeds the Masherbrum garnet-bearing 2 mica leucogranite are the youngest dated phases in the Baltoro batholith at 17.6 ± 1.1 Ma. The Masherbrum and K7 granites extend east to the Siachen glacier region where they are cut abruptly by the Karakoram strike-slip fault, indicating that the fault must have initiated after 17 Ma, in common with earlier U-Pb dating constraints from the Tangtse region (Phillips et al. 2004).


The plant growth-regulating activity of all the mono- and di- chloro-substituted phenylacetic acids, together with the 2:3:6-trichloro- derivative, has been determined in the wheat cylinder, pea segment and pea curvature tests. Each of these compounds showed activity, the 2:3-dichloro- and the 2:3:6-trichloro- derivatives being extremely active. The 3:5-dichloro- acid was inactive in the wheat test but showed moderate activity in the pea tests.

All these findings are discussed in relation to the plant growth-regulating activity of corresponding benzoic and phenoxyacetic acids.


A new variable tap-length LMS algorithm is proposed which updates the step size and the tap-length simultaneously at each iteration in the update of the coefficients. The tap length is adjusted according to the fractional tap-length (FT) algorithm and the step size is derived to be an approximately optimal variable step size algorithm which can obtain the largest decrease of the mean square deviation (MSD). Simulations are performed under high noise and low noise conditions to show the improved performance of the proposed scheme.


The study aimed to improve student's Concept map (CM) scores teacher's questions on evaluating data, arriving a conclusion, presenting the project in class as preferred and discussion (evaluating data) stage of Project Based Learning. This research was a classroom action research with 3 Cycles. Procedure of this research are planning to compile the lesson plan, implementation of actions, observation, reflection, and construct expert concept map. The subject of this research consisted of 36 students of senior high school. The research data is the concept map score. Validation use triangulation method. verification of CM scores suitability and documentation based on CM experts and interviews. Data obtained by reducing data, graph transformation, and drawing conclusions. The result of this research showed that the teacher's questions functioned as instructional techniques that improve the CM scores of students.


Ramazzini B. De morbis artificum dia'riba, 1713. Case W, transl. Chicago: Wright, 1940. ' Campbell JM. Acute symptoms following work with hay. BrMedJ 1932;ii: 1143-4. Lowry1v, Schuman LM. "Silo-filler's disease"-a syndrome caused by nitrogen dioxide. JAMA 1956;162: 153-60. 4Darke CS, Knowelden J, Lacey J, Ward AM. Respiratory disease of workers harvesting grain. Thorax 1976;31:294-302. Cuthbert OD, Brostoff J, Wraith DG, Brighton WD. "Barn allergy." Asthma and rhinitis due to storage mites. Clin Allergy 1979;9:229-36. 6 Cuthbert OD, Jeffrey IG, McNeill HB, Wood J, Iopping MD. Barn allergy among Scottish farmers. Clin Allergy 1984;14:197-206. Levin PJ, Klaff LJ, Rose AG, Ferguson AD. Pulmonary effects of contact exposure to paraquat: a clinical and experimental study. Thorax 1979;34:150-60. x Pimental JC, Marques F. Vineyard sprayer's lung: a new occupational disease. Thorax 1969;24:678-88. 9 Grant IWB, Blythe W, Wardrop VE, Gordon RM, Pearson JCB, Mair A. Prevalence of farmer's lung in Scotland: a pilot study. BrMedJ 1972;i:530-4. 10 Hapke EJ, Seal RME, Thomas GO. Farmer's lung. Thorax 1968;23:451-68. Emanuel DA, Wenzel FJ, Lawton BR. Pulmonary mycotoxicosis. Chest 1975;67:293-7. 12 Davies BH, Edwards JH, Seaton A. Cross-reacting antibodies to Micropolyspora faeni in mycoplasma pneumonia. Clin Allergv 1975;5:217. 3 Cuthbert OD, Gordon MF. Ten year follow-up of farmers with farmer's lung. BrJ7 Ind Med 1983;40: 173-6. 14 Morgan WKC, Seaton A. Occupational lung diseases. 2nd ed. Chapter 20. Philadelphia: W B Saunders, 1984.


The hotel sector, one of the cornerstones of the tourism industry, uses in the course of its business a wide variety of resources. Given the current importance of social responsibility, both for business and for customers and pressure groups, the application of policies in this field is a key strategic element in business management. So much so that the responsible use of resources contributes to the development of competitive advantage for companies that implement them. Given these reasons, this work aims to understand the current state of


Abstract Predictive models for benthic macroinvertebrates based on changes in environmental variables can assess the biological integrity of streams by comparing observed biotic communities with those expected at reference sites. To develop a predictive model of the abiotic community, we used benthic macroinvertebrates and environmental variables collected from 2,700 sites from 2010 to 2019. First, we selected 357 reference sites by using the 5-day biochemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, turbidity, and coarse particle percentage. Then, we used Two-Way Indicator Species Analysis to classify the reference sites into six groups based on benthic macroinvertebrates. Reference sites classified by biological characteristics were linked to environmental variables by multi-discriminant analysis. The relative influences environmental variables on the classified groups were in decreasing order of catchment area, latitude, velocity, water depth, altitude, and longitude. To develop the predictive model, we combined (1) identification level, (2) grouping method, and (3) probability of capture, and then used the normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) to check the fit of each model. The higher the probability of capture was at the family level compared to the species level, the lower was the NRMSE. The grouping method was not as consistent as the identification level and probability of capture because the NRMSE for the number of taxa was low when used as a weighted average. The NRMSE was also low for the Benthic Macroinvertebrates Index and the Benthic Macroinvertebrates Family-level Biotic Index (BMFI) when used for assignment to the group with the highest probability. We selected the predictive model which used family level, weighted average, and BMFI-proposed indicator taxa as the final assessment model due to its sensitivity and fit. This model was the most reasonable choice, but we had to reduce the error of the model and revise it elaborately by securing additional environmental variables.


A photometric method for the precise measurement of specific hemagglutinating inhibiting antibodies is described. The average difference of titers obtained in two different laboratories by different technical teams using different instruments was 9.6%. Procedures for the quantitative analysis of mixtures of antisera and of viruses were described and a high degree of accuracy was found when they were employed. The findings suggest many applications, including the possibility of establishing useful international standards of reference.


The project "Electron crystallography study on the structure determination of minute crystals" that won a Second Class National Natural Science Award in 2005 is described.The aim of the research was to set up a new method of crystal structure determination by means of high-resolution electron microscope images.For this purpose an idea to combine high-resolution electron microscopy and diffraction crystallography was proposed.To realize this idea the principles of image contrast were investigated,a practical equation of image intensity was derived and the corresponding image contrast theory developed.The variation of image contrast with crystal thickness for different kinds of atoms was elucidated.This led to the successful observation of the image contrast of lithium atoms.Based on this theory various analysis methods developed in diffraction crystallography were introduced into high-resolution electron microscopy,and a completely new technique named electron crystallographic image processing was established.This technique has been utilized to determine the structure of several new crystals,and a corresponding special visualized software package has been developed.An overview of the key points and results obtained in the project are presented.


'Endings' studies the endings of short stories. Poetic justice, comic relief, or tragic fulfilment could provide a shock ending. However, while conclusiveness may often mark short story endings, it is not to be taken for granted. Stories can leave dilemmas unresolved, lapsing into what can be called a 'leisurely enigma': the fluidity of personality and the open-endedness of the story seem commensurate in these instances. The power of a lack of finality in an ending might be that of a plot cliffhanger or, more memorably, an implication of vast consequences that can never be told and are not even latent in the story.


In developing countries, the extent of SDG disclosures in annual reports remains largely unexplored despite the popularity of corporate commitments to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Hence, this study aims to assess the extent to which companies make SDG disclosures in Sri Lanka and identify the reasons affecting such disclosures. This study collected data by content analyzing the annual reports of 45 listed companies, followed by trend analysis and semi‐structured interviews. The results show that SDG 9 (Industry Innovation and Infrastructure) and SDG 17 (Partnerships for the Goals) are the most disclosed SDGs. Of these goals, the disclosure pattern related to SDG 17 is influenced by the collectivistic nature of the country's community. However, the average level of disclosure related to SDGs remains low, as they are often treated as add‐ons to existing sustainability strategies. Additionally, interviews revealed that companies have not actively adjusted their operations to integrate SDGs, suggesting that SDG disclosures primarily serve as a means to enhance their legitimacy.


Biochar is a negatively charged recalcitrant carbon that has the potential to adsorb heavy metals. This research aim was to identify the best type of biomass with a simple combustion process (Kiln) in producing carbon, base cations, organic acids, the highest surface area and pores with more porous morphology. The type of biomass used was paddy straw, rice husk, coconut fiber, oil palm empty fruit bunch. Instrument to observe the morphology, carbon content and a number of Biochar bases using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM-EDAX), to observe the surface and pores (m2 / g) using Brunauer Emmet Teller (BET), and to observe functional groups type using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The research results showed that coconut fiber biomass had the highest surface area of 23.9145 m2 / g but rice husk had a larger pore volume and pore size of 0.026962 m3 / g and 63.6994 4V / A respectively. The highest percentage of carbon was found in rice husk biochar by 77.18% with an atomic percentage of 86.43%. The functional group was dominated by Phenolic (OH), Carboxyl, Ether and Esters groups with a frequency of 1050-1300 and the highest frequency was in Rice Husk Biochar. Cation in biochar was dominated by K+ with the highest percentage of rice husk by 2.75%, Na+ was also found in rice husk by 1.07%, while Mg2+ was in Biochar of oil palm bunches by 0.63%. Porous morphology was seen in rice husks with ˃ 1000 magnification, so rice husk biochar has the best potential as heavy metals adsorption.


Bevacizumab is used extensively for the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma, and its modification of contrast-enhanced MRI creates a need for alternate prognostic read-outs. We sought to determine the prognostic value of [18F]-FDG (FDG) PET in glioblastoma patients performed during treatment with bevacizumab.

 We performed an institutional review board approved retrospective study on patients who underwent FDG PET within 4 weeks of a dose of bevacizumab for recurrent glioblastoma. Volumes of interest were placed over one reference lesion as defined by MRI. Maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) and peak standardized uptake value (SUVpeak) in this volume of interest were measured on PET, and metabolic tumor volume (MTV), total lesion glycolysis (TLG) and lesion-to-normal contralateral white matter ratios (SUVmax/cWM) were calculated. In addition, tumors were divided into 2 groups based on qualitative uptake pattern: (i) FDG non-avid and (ii) FDG avid. Statistical impact of PET parameters on overall survival (OS) was assessed, as was histopathological correlate of PET findings for patients with pathology available within 3 months of PET.

 31 patients were included. Qualitative uptake pattern was significantly associated with OS (p = 0.005), with a median OS of 9.7 months in FDG non-avid patients versus 4.5 months in FDG avid patients. In univariate analysis, SUVmax, SUVpeak and T/N ratio were also significantly associated with OS (p < 0.001). Dichotomizing our sample using a SUVmax cut-off of 15.3 was also predictive of OS (adjusted p = 0.05). Pathology was available for 7 patients (22.6%) and confirmed PET findings.

 FDG PET is a promising imaging biomarker to predict overall survival in recurrent glioblastoma patients on chronic antiangiogenic therapy, offering a tool for guiding assessment of treatment response in this patient population.


RATIONALE
Subcutaneous and epidural abscesses following epidural injection are a serious but rare complication. Epidural abscesses are typically caused by Staphylococcus aureus bacterial infection. In this case presented here, the causative bacterium was Enterococcus faecalis.

PATIENT CONCERNS
A 67-year-old woman having chronic lower back and right leg pain with past history of 20 years of rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus, and osteoporosis (T-score: -2.7) visited the outpatient pain clinic. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed L4-5 right central disc extrusion with inferior migration. We performed a continuous epidural block for 7 days without complications. After 10 days, she presented with worsened low back pain, erythematous skin change on the lower back, chilling, and elevated serum acute phase reactants.

DIAGNOSIS
The diagnosis was subsequently confirmed by MRI suggesting subcutaneous and epidural abscess. Blood and pus cultures showed the growth of E. faecalis.

INTERVENTIONS
Pigtail catheter drainage was performed and intravenous antibiotics (ampicillin-sulbactam) targeting E. faecalis were applied for 3 weeks. Oral antibiotics (amoxicillin/potassium clavulanate) were applied for 6 weeks after discharge.

OUTCOMES
At the 2-month follow-up, improvement in both the clinical condition and serum acute phase reactants levels were noted.

LESSONS
Epidural injection can lead to a subcutaneous abscess that is further extended into the epidural space. One of the key factors is the presence of comorbid conditions, including diabetes mellitus and prolonged steroid usage due to rheumatoid arthritis.


This dissertation charts the construction and dismantling of the British Welfare State, through novels, films, and architecture, with a focus on one of the defining issues of the period: housing. In 1942, the Beveridge Report designated housing a basic right for all citizens. After four million homes were destroyed during World War II, the reconstruction of houses and towns was an urgent task for the nation. In the Welfare State, housing became the measure of success for socialist interventions. Drawing upon literary studies, film studies, and architectural history, this dissertation traces four aspects of postwar housing – architecture, town planning, country house preservation, and government housing policy – in both fictional and non-fictional discourses. Realist representations, whether in novels or films, offer more than thematic representations of history; they actively contribute to its construction as much as town plans, architectural models, builders, and government policies. The two-way transmission between fiction and housing can be conceptualized spatially through a shifting relationship between the horizontal and the vertical. Bombs leveled buildings during the war; architecture and government policies aimed to level class and other social distinctions after the war. In fiction, horizontality and verticality emerge through both narrative tropes and formal techniques that critique the central social problems of the postwar period. Chapter 1 of this dissertation, "Boardinghouses," assesses the stakes of wartime and immediate postwar reconstruction through attention to the relationship between the individual and community in public debates, town plans, and two novels set in wartime boardinghouses: Patrick Hamilton's The Slaves of Solitude (1947) and Muriel Spark's The Girls of Slender Means (1963). Chapter 2, "Country Houses," examines the role of fiction in the transformation of postwar country house culture, with a specific focus on the phenomenon of the country house-museum and the tension between lived and narrated experience. Angel (1957), by Elizabeth Taylor, and The Little Girls (1964), by Elizabeth Bowen are critical iterations of the country house novel genre. Chapter 3, "Modern Living," considers the expression of mobility, verticality, and modernity in the fiction of the late 1950s and early 1960s. Sam Selvon's novel, The Lonely Londoners (1956), Colin MacInnes's novel, Absolute Beginners (1957), and Joseph Losey's film, The Servant (1963), revise modernist aesthetics and principles for a multi-ethnic, socially and economically liberated generation. Chapter 4, "Safe Houses," measures the legacy of the Welfare State and its deconstruction under the Thatcher Government through the fictional desire for safety and hospitality in the built environment. In Graham Greene's novel, The Human Factor (1978), Doris Lessing's novel, The Good Terrorist (1985), and Ken Loach's film, Riff-Raff (1991), resurgent realism responds to the largest socio-political paradigm shift in Britain since the 1940s. Realist…


Although Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITSs), also called knowledge-based tutors, are becoming more common and proving to be increasingly effective, each one must still be built from scratch at a significant cost. At the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, we have developed domain independent tools for authoring all aspects of a knowledge-based tutor: the domain model, the teaching strategies, the student model, and the learning environment. In this article, I describe these tools, discuss a number of design issues and design tradeoffs that are involved in building ITS authoring tools, and discuss knowledge acquisition and representation issues encountered in my work. I also describe how we plan to use these tools (collectively called Eon), including ontology objects, as a meta-authoring tool for designing special-purpose authoring tools tailored for specific domain types.


The percentage of Americans who are able to quit smoking has decreased over the past 2 decades, according to a new report, but retail pharmacists can play a key role in reversing that trend, one of the leaders of a team of tobacco researchers told Drug Topics.


- Consumer behavior studies the perceptions, attitudes and preferences of individuals towardsselecting and utilizing products that meet their needs. This research paper is focused on the consumerbehavior towards ready-to-eat breakfast products like cereals and snack bars. In India, consumption ofbreakfast cereal products like muesli and oats have gained high acceptance and popularity that is growingat a healthy CAGR of around 24% in the last five years. With the fast-paced and busy lives of people,Ready to eat (RTE) cereals have become a popular choice for consumers, offering them the promisedquality, health and convenience with tasteful variants available in the markets. A survey has beenconducted among people across India to understand their preferences and the factors (social, cultural orpsychological) they are looking for while purchasing RTE breakfast cereal products. The analysis of thecollected data is conducted using SPSS, Logistic Regression and Microsoft Excel for in-depth insightsand understanding. The study was carried out for the year 2020-2021. Data interpretation tools and tableswere used to identify if a factor significantly influenced the purchase decision of the consumer or not.Demographic information of the consumers such as age group, gender and occupation have also beencaptured in this study. Along with this, the study also focuses on the reasons why some people do notpurchase cereal products and the impact of discounts/offers on the breakfast cereal products. In this study,it has been proved that factors that are relevant in today's times such as nutritive value, brand image andavailability of the cereal-based products significantly influence the consumer decision making.


Introduction: Chapters 13 and 14 of Leviticus focus on performance against leprosy, most feared throughout history that diseases like syphilis Black Death or disease. The aim of this paper is to analyze thoroughly the preventive measures of both sections from the biblical leprosy, its consequences and its impact throughout history. Method: Chapters 13 and 14 of Leviticus in three different versions of the Bible was discussed. Later, other studies and manuals communicable diseases were analyzed. Development: The findings highlight the utility of the above measures to control the of contagious diseases, quarantine appearing as the optimal solution to promote the welfare and health of the community at that time, and hygiene was considered a cornerstone in this area. Conclusions: The implementation of these interventions has produced notable benefits, especially in reducing mortality in both the Jewish population of the biblical period and subsequently other companies, highlighting some cities during the Black Death; and they have formed the pillars on which rests the current epidemiology and public health.


The invention relates to transport telematics, and more particularly to a telematic device for a motor vehicle. The present telematic device for a motor vehicle includes a GPS module, a GSM module, a module for detecting impact and movement of a motor vehicle, a heavy duty relay module, an analog relay module, a CAN module and a LIN module. The CAN module is in the form of two independent CAN interfaces. The LIN module interacts with a device for protecting against unauthorized ignition of the engine. The telematic device is linked by means of the GSM module to a website which can be used to set configurations remotely and update the software of the device. The technical result is: an increase in the functional capabilities of a telematic device for a motor vehicle without the need for the installation of additional equipment in order to provide the full range of functions; more rapid access to service data; and provision of a reliable channel of communication.


The transformations that the cities lived during the period of the Late Antiquity determined their continuity and survival. Port cities were one of the most remarkable examples in this process because of their particular development, in many cases, due to his commercial or military function. The Phlegrean Fields assemble in little space ports of different nature, for this reason we have taken the cases of Pozzuoli, Baia and Miseno to verify, if it is possible, what kind of factors could be determinant in this evolution that will direct them to the Middle Ages.


ABSTRACT Customer satisfaction has attracted attention from both the industry and academia. However, customer satisfaction within the meeting industry has largely been unexplored. This study evaluated state association planners' satisfaction based on their most recent convention experience and identified factors influencing planners' overall satisfaction. A fax survey was conducted with a sample of 673 association planners (a 37.4% response rate). Forty-five attributes were factor analyzed and emerged into an 8-factor solution. Multiple regression analyses were then performed to identify factors influencing the respondents' overall satisfaction and repeat intention. The study results indicated that quality of meeting rooms was not only ranked as one of the most important areas for explaining respondents' overall satisfaction, but also showed a significant relationship in explaining their intention to return.


The process of the computer science teaching is connected with the active use of technical devices and the increase in the share of students' practical work with a computer so that the impact on the health of schoolchildren demands some measures to preserve it. In the process of computer science teaching it is necessary to take complex and systematic measures to preserve the health of students, including the determination of the optimal educational and extracurricular load, the mode of employment, the use of forms, methods and tools that provide a comfortable atmosphere in a class, the promotion and training in healthy lifestyle, creating conditions for students' health protection. The content of the subject "Informatics", its methods and tools let us create universal health saving activities. Firstly, this research points out the enlarged groups of general-purpose health-saving activities in the conditions of work with the computer (the activities associated with a safe and healthy workplace and the organization of work and leisure of PC user, activities aimed at monitoring their health by using hardware and software, the activities associated with the optimization of learning activities through the use of ICT), their content was concretized, and secondly, the article presents the developed organizational and methodological model for the formation of students' general-purpose health-saving activities in the conditions of work with the computer, in which for each activity and its components the content, tools, techniques, training and supervision are defined. Built according to the model, the educational process will form students' knowledge and skills in the field of health saving while using the computer; understanding of the positive and negative effects of computer technology on human health; installations on the judicious use of computers in various activities; self-control and self-control when working with the computer.


The work investigated pigment extraction from slices of Beta vulgaris of six different varieties dried at different temperatures. Out of the two existing pigments, betanin was found to be better extracted at a drying temperature of 40°C. Only a small quantity of the second pigment, betaxanthin, is extracted at this temperature in most samples. At a drying temperature of 70°C, betaxanthin is actively extracted. In some cases, concentration of betaxanthin exceeds that of betanin.


This paper presents a detailed study of the two-particle rapidity correlations among the relativistic particles produced in proton–nucleus interactions in emulsions at 300 GeV/c. A Monte Carlo simulation has been performed to search for dynamical effects. The target nucleus excitation dependence of the correlation has been studied. This dependence agrees with a prediction of the additive quark model.


Although glass objects for artistic and utilitarian purposes were present during Roman times and earlier, optical metrology was practically non-existent prior to the emergence of spectacles. Glasses to improve human vision first appeared in Italy around 1280, and some progress in understanding fundamentals of optics was made after that date and during the renaissance. It was not, however, until 1608 with the invention of the telescope in Holland, that the long evolutionary development of optical metrology as a specific scientific discipline began in earnest. The Author traces classical methods of optical metrology from the 17th century telescope era up to the mid-20th century, with emphasis on optical systems for reconnaissance, surveillance, and astronomy. The Author's hands-on experience in quantitative optical metrology began shortly after World War II with military surplus optics, followed by the construction and testing of numerous telescopes between 6 and 16-inches aperture during the 1950s. The 1960s brought extensive testing and evaluation of lenses at the optical laboratories at Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio and elsewhere, continuing through the early days of laser metrology in the mid-late 1960s and afterward. This paper presents examples of testing lenses and cameras for USAF, DoD, and NASA to include those used in the Gemini and Apollo Programs. Special emphasis is placed on classic resolving power testing with large collimators and special test cameras using aerial photographic films. Closing comments will stress impacts for later-era digital sensors, high-speed computers, and metrological lasers.


In view of modern western philosophers' non-subject or spiritualized explanation of subject,taking the fact of social man's alienation in capitalist society into consideration,Marx investigated the issue of modern subject and put forward the scientific subject theory.According to this subject theory,subject is not only realistic,but also generates and develops in history.It is the philosophy revolution of modern western subject conception,and is meaningful for us to solve the subjective problem in contemporary China.


Abstract Reactions of 2-amino-5-oxo-2-phenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-chromen-3-carbonitrile (1a) with a variety of reagents leading to the synthesis of chromens have been investigated to explore the use of this exceptionally reactive nitrile in heterocyclic synthesis.


A series of five Strategic Management Journal articles has debated several issues concerning the role of market orientation in shaping firm performance. This debate has defined market orientation as a cultural emphasis. Yet, a large body of research in the marketing field views market orientation as an emphasis on certain market information-processing activities. Using data from 217 firms, we test a model that includes both cultural and information-processing elements. The findings suggest that both approaches to market orientation help explain performance, but their effects are mediated by organizational responsiveness. Thus, researchers should not only account for both definitions of market orientation, but they should also investigate market orientation in combination with other important performance antecedents. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


In order to stabilize the political situation and boost the production,drawing on the experience of former generations in running the country,Emperor SONG Taizu proposed an important conception that "Farming is the Cornerstone of Government and Food is Regarded as Heaven by the Mass" in the early years of the Song Dynasty.This guiding principle was quickly accepted as a part of the legacy in the governance of the country,occupying an important position in the governing principles of the highest authority.In order to put the "Agriculture Priority" in effect,the Song government ingeniously instilled the epithets of "promoting agriculture" into the local officials′ titles,and guaranteed the practice through a series of laws and regulations.As a result,all the responsible officials at various levels treated agriculture as their priority and became a driving force for the development of agriculture.At the same time,the central government made some policies for the implementation of the "agriculture priority" principle.


We have studied the nucleation of crystals of a model protein from aqueous solutions using a novel technique that allows direct determinations of homogeneous nucleation rates. At a constant temperature of 12.6 °C we varied the thermodynamic supersaturation by changing the concentrations of protein and precipitant. We found a broken dependence of the homogeneous nucleation rate on supersaturation that is beyond the predictions of the classical nucleation theory. The nucleation theorem allows us to relate this to discrete changes of the size of the crystal nuclei with increasing supersaturation as (10 or 11) → (4 or 5) → (1 or 2). Furthermore, we observe that the existence of a second liquid phase at high protein concentrations strongly affects crystal nucleation kinetics:  (i) Crystal nucleation rates are lower than expected in the phase region of liquid−liquid demixing. (ii) In the immediate proximity of this region, nucleation rates vary by factors of up to 2 in identical experiments. Since for this regi...


The invention belongs to the field of heat treatment technics or high nitrogen austenitic stainless steel material processing, and particularly relates to a toughening-strengthening heat treatment method of high nitrogen austenitic stainless steel. The method comprises the following steps: conducting the solid-solution treatment on a high nitrogen austenitic stainless steel material at a high-temperature area, conducting the ageing treatment on the solid-solution treated high nitrogen austenitic stainless steel material at a medium-temperature area, and conducting the spheroidizing heat treatment on the ageing-treated high nitrogen austenitic stainless steel material at a higher-temperature area, so as to dissolve and spheroidize a laminar nitride to obtain a granular nitride distributed in an austenite matrix. The toughening-strengthening heat treatment method has the advantages that the laminar structure of a cellular reaction nitride is changed, and the formed granular nitride is distributed in the austenite matrix, so that the high nitrogen austenitic stainless steel is strengthened or toughened, and the performance is improved or increased.


Based on viscoelastic theory, conversion relations between relaxation modulus and creep compliance of composite solid propellant was established. The results obtained from relaxation modulus show good agreement with experimental data of creep compliance. This expression avoids rounding error brought by numerical integral method and complex calculation of Laplace transforms. This method can be used in conversion of other mechanics parameters.


An adult male S slept 45 nights in a laboratory and was awakened at the end of every REM period. He recorded 138 dreams during this time of which he could recall 88 when he awakened in the morning. Analysis of the data showed that recency, intensity, amount of material, and intraserial interference all influenced the morning recall of dreams. Intraserial interference was independent of the other three factors which interacted with one another. Repression does not appear to account for the forgetting of dreams reported during the night.


Objective To construct the inhibitor of the shRNA of apoptosis protein(human inhibitor of apoptosis protein2,hIAP-2) for combination of inhibition hIAP-2 gene with radiotherapy,and to investigate its effect on the radiosensitivity of CNE1 nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line.Methods MTT assay was used for determing the optimal dose of radiation.Four hIAP-2-shRNA silencing fragments were built and CNE1 cells were transfected by liposome.The best silencing shRNA sequences were screened with real-time quantitative PCR(Q-PCR) and Western blot(WB).CNE1 cells were transfected with the best silencing shRNA sequences and divided into transfected irradiated group and non-transfected irradiated group.In both groups,expression of hIAP-2 gene and protein was detected by real-time Q-PCR and WB,apoptosis by flow cytometry,and cell invasion by transwell.Results MTT assay demonstrated 4 Gy as the optimal radiation dose.The results of Q-PCR and WB test showed that four hIAP-2 shRNA could effectively inhibit the expression of hIAP-2 mRNA and protein(P 0.05),and hIAP-2-shRNA2 had the most significant silencing effect(P 0.05).The results also showed statistically significant differences of hIAP-2 gene and protein expression between the transfected group and the untransfected group(P 0.05).Flow cytometry showed statistically significant difference of the apoptosis rate between the transfected group and untransfected group( P 0. 05). Meanwhile,transwell test showed statistically significant difference of the invasion ability between the two groups( P 0. 05). Conclusions Transfection of silenced hIAP-2 gene can increase nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell apoptosis rate and reduce its invasion,which may play a role in radiosensitization.


A synthesis procedure realizing nth-order z-domain voltage transfer functions using Norton (current differencing) amplifiers and switched-capacitors is presented. The proposed synthesis procedure requires the use of floating capacitors, toggle switched-capacitors and open-circuit floating resistors as building blocks.


Provided are a mold for injection molding and an injection molding method that can limit the intrusion, into cavities, of a gas that is present in the gap between the main body and the peripheral part of a mold with a divided structure and the generation of air pockets in the molding. Because an air hole (82) that communicates with a gap (GA) between a core (72) that is the main body of the mold and a peripheral part (73) is provided, gas present in the gap (GA) between the core (72) and the peripheral part (73) can be discharged to the outside by reducing the pressure of the air hole (82) from the opposite side of the gap (GA). In other words, because the intrusion of a gas present in the gap (GA) between the core (62) and the peripheral part (73) into a molding space (CV) can be prevented when the pressure inside the molding space (CV) is reduced via a pressure-reducing path (81) as preparation for injecting a melted resin into the molding space (CV) to fill the molding space (CV), the inclusion of gas in the molding product (MP) particularly in the parts of the product corresponding to the molding space (CV) and causing air pockets can be reliably prevented.


nce we have received your referral, a member of the Adoption Service will contact you and arrange to meet with you.
Submitting this request is not a formal application and is no guarantee of acceptance.


The effectiveness of all-optical 2R-repeaters using optical limiters for DPSK WDM transmission systems is shown for alleviating the effect of the cross-phase modulation. It is confirmed that the scheme is effective for long-haul systems.


Assessing ecological change is increasingly important to Yosemite National Park managers. The park experienced some of its largest fires in recent history that significantly changed its ecosystems and landscapes. Change detection techniques were utilized in assessing post-fire regeneration in Yosemite for fires that occurred in 1988, 1990, and 1996. Change patterns were detected with a time-series of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Moisture Index (NDMI) images derived from Landsat TM and ETM+ imagery. The commonly known change detection method of image differencing was applied to the transformed images to create two-year interval change maps categorized by classes of increasing and decreasing standard deviations to distinguish significant changes. In addition, a less commonly known change method, the RGB-NDVI and RGB-NDMI unsupervised classification was implemented to create composite change maps from seven image dates. Fieldwork was conducted at the three study areas to document present forest stand characteristics. Remote sensing techniques in conjunction with fieldwork identified distinct patterns of regeneration in the post-fire areas. Some of the most distinctive patterns are primarily linked with Ceanothus sp., an early successional shrub species. This study will provide natural resource managers at Yosemite with data to aid in long-term fire management plans.


The INFN-CIMA project deals with the employment of graphene, graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) for applications in Nuclear Physics. In particular, the project aim is that to use the special properties of GO, which can be synthesized as a thin foil with 0.1–100 µm thickness, to realize thin films for solid ion strippers employed in ion accelerator sources with lifetime advantages with respect to the traditional graphite foils. rGO thin foils can be employment to develop laser-generated plasma and to accelerate protons and carbon ions in target-normal-sheath-acceleration (TNSA) regime. The GO can be also employed for the realization of special sensors of temperature, air relative humidity and gas. Moreover, it can be used to realize water-equivalent, biocompatible and low dimensional, dosimeters based on the lecture of the reduction level produced by the absorbed dose. Finally, graphene and rGO films can be applied to investigate the implemantation ofsmall radiation detectors. Many applications and experimental results will be presented and discussed.


This article identifies trends that are likely to affect future provision in services to older people and considers implications for the models that dominate clinical psychology thinking and clinical practice skills.


The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of determinants of Smartphone purchasing such as A/S, brand, H/W, switching cost, design on...


The development and topographical anatomy of the gorilla frontal sinus are described from late foetal life to senescence and details are given of its pneumo-osteolytic role in relation to that of the other paranasal sinuses. The adult sinus is shown to manifest one or other of two distinct morphological patterns and these to be determined by the more dominant maxillary sinus. Examples of frontal sinus perforative osteolysis are instanced and frontal sinus homologies are briefly discussed.


By extending the asymptotic method of G. E. Kuzmak, J. C. Luke has shown how G. B. Whitham's theory of nonlinear wave propagation can be derived directly from the partial differential equation without using the variational principle, in special cases. We apply the same method to a more general class of nonlinear second order partial differential equations or systems of first order equations containing a small parameter e and obtain asymptotic expansions of the solutions.


In a communication before the Twelfth Congress of Physiology at Stockholm, Sweden, and in many subsequent papers, the Hungarian pharmacologist Mansfeld reported that he had observed a decrease of the blood sugar level after massive ligature of a part of the pancreas in which the circulation in the blood vessels was maintained. The decrease was more marked after two to three days of fasting (Karenzhypoglykamie), and blood sugar curves after administration of dextrose indicated a better carbohydrate tolerance. On the basis of these findings, Linhardt and Huttl1performed the operation in man with satisfactory results, which were later confirmed by de Takats2and Wilder, who isolated with the thermocautery a piece of the pancreas of a 13 year old boy. Thus the idea of a surgical cure of diabetes mellitus arose and gradually made progress. Returning to the argument today, I am sorry to say that the theoretic


In this paper,the oscillation of solutions of delay difference equation x(n+1)-x(n)+ sum from i=1 to m p_i(n)x(n-k_i)=0 is investigated by employing some new techniques.The sufficient conditions for oscillation of all solutions are obtained,and some results in literatures are imoroved.


Abstract We compared migrating behavior of Broad-winged Hawks (Buteo platypterus) at two sites along their migration corridor: Hawk Mountain Sanctuary in eastern Pennsylvania and the Kéköldi Indigenous Reserve in Limón, Costa Rica. We counted the number of times focal birds intermittently flapped their wings and recorded the general flight type (straight-line soaring and gliding on flexed wings versus circle-soaring on fully extended wings). We used a logistic model to evaluate which conditions were good for soaring by calculating the probability of occurrence or absence of wing flaps. Considering that even intermittent flapping is energetically more expensive than pure soaring and gliding flight, we restricted a second analysis to birds that flapped during observations, and used the number of flaps to evaluate factors influencing the cost of migration. Both the occurrence and extent of flapping were greater in Pennsylvania than in Costa Rica, and during periods of straight-line soaring and gliding flight compared with circle-soaring. At both sites, flapping was more likely during rainy weather and early and late in the day compared with the middle of the day. Birds in Costa Rica flew in larger flocks than those in Pennsylvania, and birds flying in large flocks flapped less than those flying alone or in smaller flocks. In Pennsylvania, but not in Costa Rica, the number of flaps was higher when skies were overcast than when skies were clear or partly cloudy. In Costa Rica, but not in Pennsylvania, flapping decreased as temperature increased. Our results indicate that birds migrating in large flocks do so more efficiently than those flying alone and in smaller flocks, and that overall, soaring conditions are better in Costa Rica than in Pennsylvania. We discuss how differences in instantaneous migration costs at the two sites may shift the species' migration strategy from one of time minimization in Pennsylvania to one of energy minimization in Costa Rica.


Background Colorectal cancer is the third most common form of cancer among men and women in Sweden. The disease is shown to have a higher incidence among older individuals. Recent studies showed th ...


Part I: Comprehension Processes and Impairments in Typically Developing Children. Oakhill, Cain, Introduction to Comprehension Development. Cain, Oakhill, Reading Comprehension Difficulties: Correlates, Causes, and Consequences. Part II: Comprehension Impairments in Children with Developmental Disorders. Botting, Comprehension Difficulties in Children with Specific Language Impairment and Pragmatic Language Impairment. Leekam, Language Comprehension Difficulties in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders. Lorch, Berthiaume, Milich, van den Broek, Story Comprehension Impairments in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Swanson, Howard, and Saez, Reading Comprehension and Working Memory in Children with Learning Disabilities in Reading. Part III: Comprehension Impairments in Association with Neurological Damage and Sensory Impairment. Barnes, Johnston, Dennis, Comprehension in a Neurodevelopmental Disorder, Spina Bifida Myelomeningocele. Cook, Chapman, and Gamino, Impaired Discourse Gist in Pediatric Brain Injury: Missing the Forest for the Trees. Kelly, Barac-Cikoja, The Comprehension of Skilled Deaf Readers: The Roles of Word Recognition and Other Potentially Critical Aspects of Competence. Part IV: Conclusions. Cain, Oakhill, Cognitive Bases of Children's Language Comprehension Difficulties: Where Do We Go from Here?


The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of item wording (positive and negative item wording) on scale and item characteristics of Likert-type attitude scale. For this study, two 'Attitude Toward Science Scale (specifically 'positive scale' and 'negative scale')' were developed based on li...


Anthropometric and biochemical data was collected in 195 unmarried Lady Health Visitostudents.The subjects were 16-25 years old. Fifty-six percent were underweight. Triceps skinfold thickness was less than the standard value in 57% cases. Average biochemical values were within the normal range. However, in 6% cases cholesterol values were abnormally high while in 12% low levels were encountered. Haemoglobin values were below 12 g/100 ml in 50% and haematocrit levels were low in 7% of the subjects (JPMA : 34: 272, 1984).


The issue that is considered in this article refers to the wedding ceremonies of the Ossetians at the time of the traditional society. Marriage customs of the Ossetians during the period under study presupposed presenting special gifts from the bridegroom to close relatives of the bride. As a rule, these honorary gifts were not part of the bride price and consisted of riding horses, which were intended to certain persons. One of these gifts was euphemistically called "faty baeh" (literally "arrow horse"). Among the researchers of wedding ceremonies of the Ossetians the issue of who exactly was the presentee of this horse is still debatable. According to some researchers faty baeh was intended for the father, others say for the mother, and there are also those who argue that "the arrow horse" was presented to the bride's brother. This leads to a distorted interpretation of the meaning of some traditional wedding ceremonies of the Ossetians in their studies. This article summarizes all the material on this issue. Based on the analysis of the ethnographic data relating to the research topic, the issue of who was the presentee of "the arrow horse" among the relatives of the bride is solved.


In the previous study, different structures of hoppers were proposed. And the dust suppression performance of hoppers were evaluated. In this paper, different materials of hoppers were selected.And influence of different material on particle behaviors were studied based on the discrete element method (DEM). Results shows that the wall material with low collision recovery coefficient for the hopper has positive effect on suppressing dust diffusion.and the wall material with high static friction coefficient showed little effect on the particle flow state through the hopper.


This multi-method study of crime and the elderly in a small town setting approaches the related issues from varied perspectives and presents a picture of fear and crime among the elderly. The book offers a departure from the urban view with an emphasis on phenomenology and qualitative research. The study allows the elderly and other key informants to present their own portrait relative to crime - a portrait that is far more contextually varied and far less dominated by fear and vunn erability than is commonly assumed.


S-inlet is a important part of propulsion system in modern fighter plane,the quality of flow in inlet influence the performance of engine remarkablely.The phenomenon of flow fileds in inlet broadly drawn people's attention due to the complexity in aerodynanics.In this paper the flow fileds in inlet have been simulated using the Navier-Stokes(N-S) equations which empby method of Compution Fluid Dynamics(CFD) with second order precision.Overall performance and flow field detail are investigated.The results of numerical simulation indicate the basic physical phenomenon.The method used in this paper is proved to be feasible.It is the theory basement of control the flow fileds in inlet.