Abstract Two resistant (R) biotypes of Setaria faberi and S. viridis have been detected in maize fields continuously treated with triazine herbicides. The R biotypes of S. faberi and S. viridis were 10.0 and 6.5 times, respectively, more resistant to atrazine than their susceptible (S) biotypes. Both R biotype plastids had less affinity for atrazine than the S biotypes based on chlorophyll fluorescence and Hill reaction assays. As expected, they exhibited cross-resistance to a wide variety of photosystem II inhibitors. The hierarchy of resistance level of these two biotypes was chloro- s -triazines ⪢ methoxy- s -triazines > methyltio- s -triazines ≥ as-triazines. There was no difference in the absorption and translocation of [ 14 C]atrazine in R and S biotypes. Fast fluorescence induction curves showed that atrazine inhibited whole-leaf photosynthesis in S biotypes and they later recovered slight fluorescence activity in both populations. All biotypes produced the same pattern of metabolites, but the R biotypes detoxified the atrazine to conjugate-atrazine at a higher rate than the S biotypes (R > 75% > S). The five wild-type Setaria spp. found in Spain showed differences in detoxification of atrazine. The hierarchy of detoxifying level of atrazine of these Setaria spp. was S. verticilata ≃ S. adherens ⪢ S. faberi ≃ S. viridis >⪢ S. glauca .


This article reviews major plantation silvicultural practices used in the westside Douglas-fir region of Oregon and Washington: origin, growth and yield impacts, and the region's global competitive status for productivity, tree-growing costs, and returns. Two main messages emerge: (1) there has been great progress in the region to increase wood yield and shorten rotations; and (2) opportunity remains strong for this region to become even more competitive, although it will require challenging current beliefs and norms and an increased collective will and focused sense of urgency.


Objective To evaluate Solitaire AB stent in assisting coiling embolization for intracranial wide-necked aneurysms.Methods A total of 25 consecutive patients with wide-necked intracranial aneurysm were treated with Solitaire AB stent-assisted coiling embolization.The intracranial aneurysms were located at posterior communicating artery(n = 15),ophthalmic artery(n = 4),cavernous sinus segment of internal carotid artery(n = 1),middle cerebral artery(n = 1) and vertebral artery(n = 4).The results,including the feasibility of technique,procedure-related complications,angiographic findings,clinical outcome,etc.were analyzed.Results Of the 25 patients,complete embolization of the lesion was achieved in 22 and partial embolization in 2,and neck remnant was seen in one.Rupture of the aneurysm during the performance occurred in one case.By-pass operation of cerebrospinal fluid(ventriculo-peritoneal shunt) for postoperative hydrocephalus was carried out in one case.Coil migration was found in one case.During the follow-up period no new attack was seen.Follow-up checkups with angiography in 12 patients showed that one patient had a recurrence of intracranial aneurysm.Conclusion For the treatment of intracranial widenecked aneurysms,Solitaire AB stent-assisted coiling embolization carries significant value.Therefore,this technique should be recommended in clinical practice.


The article deals with how to address the non-coercive military-political conflicts, factors, and conditions for their successful solution. Examines the historical experience and research the problem. Conducted comparative characteristic of the military and civilian elements in establishing and maintaining peace. Conclusions and outlines the prospects for applications of the above methods to further political studies.


The international logistics arbitration center is put forward and differentiated firstly. Through analyzing a great deal of data and combining economic development and internal arbitration system advantage, the necessity and possibility of establishing the international logistics arbitration center in Shanghai and the essential measures should be taken at present are discussed.


The role of catheter ablation (CA) is increasingly recognized as a reasonable therapeutic option in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF).


We consider the general orthogonal metric separable in space and time variables in comoving coordinates. We then characterise perfect fluid models admitted by such a metric. It turns out that the homogeneous models can only be either FLRW or Bianchi I while the inhomogeneous ones can only admit $G_2 $ (two mutually as well as hypersurface orthogonal spacelike Killing vectors) isometry. The latter can possess singularities of various kinds or none. The non-singular family is however unique and cylindrically symmetric.


As we wrote in our Perspective, we agree with Lackner et al. that negative-emissions technologies should "be the subject of research, development, and potentially deployment." We support research on the technical, environmental, social, and economic viability of negative-emissions technologies.


A low profile monopulse radial line slot array antenna(MPRLSA) for radar seeker at W-band is designed to reducing the antenna's volume and machining difficulty.The antenna consists of radial line slot array planar antenna,rectangular waveguide to radial line transitions and a planar compact sum and difference network.Combining genetic algorithm and available electromagnetic simulation software is applied to design and optimize the MPRLSA.


This paper presents the results of an experimental study in which users teleoperating a mobile robot evaluated three controllers: a keyboard, a game controller, and a touchpad interface. It is motivated by the need to engage a broader, non-expert user audience in teleoperation as robots become more prevalent in everyday applications. Analysis focuses on how specific control elements and the user's comfort with a device improve the operator's sense of immersion in the task and how this alters performance. Our results show that perceived controllability of the controller, users' level of technological anxiety, and the physical nature of feedback from the controller had an effect on user feelings of immersion and presence. Our findings have implications for the development of controllers that can be used for teleoperating robots by a broad user audience.


Purpose:IMRTtreatment planning involves the selection of several angle parameters, as well as the specification of structures and constraints employed in the optimization process. Including these parameters in the combinatorial search space vastly increases the computational burden, and therefore the parameter selection is normally performed manually by a clinician, based on clinical experience. We have investigated the use of a genetic algorithm (GA) and distributed‐computing platform to optimize the gantry angle parameters and to provide insight into additional structures which may be necessary in the dose optimization process to produce optimal IMRT treatment plans. Method and Materials: For an IMRT prostate patient, we produced the first generation of 40 samples, each of five gantry angles, by selecting from a uniform random distribution, subject to certain adjacency and opposition constraints. The dose optimization was performed by distributing the forty‐plan workload over several machines running a commercial treatment planning system. A score was assigned to each resulting plan, based on how well it satisfied clinically‐relevant constraints. The second generation of 40 samples was produced by combining the highest‐scoring samples using the techniques of crossover and mutation. The process was repeated until the sixth generation, and the results compared with a clinical (equally‐spaced) gantry angle configuration. Results: In the sixth generation, 34 of the 40 GA samples achieved better scores than the clinical plan, with the best plan showing an improvement of 84%. Moreover, the resulting configuration of beam angles tended to cluster toward the patient's sides, indicating where the inclusion of additional structures in the dose optimization process may avoid dose hot spots. Conclusion: Additional parameter selection in IMRT leads to a large‐scale computational problem. We have demonstrated that the GA combined with a distributed‐computing platform can be applied to optimize gantry angle selection within a reasonable amount of time.


Design students' creative thinking abilities should be enhanced. Yet the educational tools that will lead to this goal are not entirely clear. Thus, this study aimed to investigate whether analogical reasoning with visual clues could help to achieve this goal. The Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (TTCT)–Figural form was given 103 undergraduate students in a design-based program. Novice and experienced design students' creative-thinking skills were tested under 3 conditions: with (a) no visual clues, (b) few visual clues, or (c) many visual clues. The results showed that (a) the presence of visual clues enhanced some aspects of creativity (fluency and flexibility); (b) compared to experienced design students, novice design students showed better performance on some aspects of creative potential (elaboration); and (c) the number of visual clues influenced novice and experienced students differently. Whether the results will apply to different subject groups and methodological situations remains to be seen. Still, findings of this study have practical implications for design education. To enhance creative thinking skills, instructors may encourage design students' use of visual clues.


The Zhang neural network (ZNN) has recently realized remarkable success in solving time-varying problems. Harmonic noise widely exists in industrial applications and can severely affect the solution computed by ZNN models. This article attempts to solve the aforementioned limitations by providing the first ZNN design with an inherent capability to prohibit harmonic noise. Moreover, it opens new opportunities to shift the research on ZNNs in ideal situations to that with theoretical consideration on nonideal working environments. We establish a modified ZNN design formula in a noisy environment by incorporating the dynamics of harmonic signals. Theoretical analysis shows the convergence of the proposed ZNN design. An application case study for the new ZNN model verifies its effectiveness for time-varying matrix inversion in the presence of harmonic noise. The simulation further substantiates the effectiveness, superiority, and application prospects of the proposed ZNN design.


This paper presents an experimental investigation on the behavior of steel-concrete composite edge joints under cyclic loading. Six specimens of edge composite beam-column joints have been tested to study the effect of different types of steel sections connection in the joint zone on the seismic behavior of structure members. The experimental parameters include concrete-encased composite columns with IPE (I) and Pipe (P) steel sections, As well as, concrete-encased composite beams with both built up (T) and (I) sections with equal/unequal flange width. The seismic behavior of edge joints such as failure mode, hysteresis curve, strength degradation, ductility and energy dissipation ability were investigated. Based on experimental results, all composed joints had shear failure mode at end of encased steel sections in the beam, due to sudden change of beam stiffness. Tinny cracks are detected at composed joint zone. The samples with encased I section had higher ultimate loads by 4.5% than control sample. Compared to maximum displacement of control specimen, joint of beams with encased I section gives higher displacement ratio than beams with encased T section. Joints of beams with encased I and T shaped steel section have good energy dissipation capacity than joint of both beams with narrow T flange width, and beams with cutting bars. Finally, it was concluded that, joints with composite steel sections minimize the cracks, and lead to weak beam-strong column criteria, as well as, improves its seismic behavior.


The invention discloses a method using an ionic liquid to prepare graphene oxide, and the method comprises the following steps: 1) preprocessing of graphite powder, and 2) preparation of the graphene oxide. The invention discloses a method using the ionic liquid to prepare high dispersion graphene, and the method comprises the step 1) and step 2), and also comprises preparation of reduction graphene. According to the method, the green environmentally-friendly ionic liquid with good mass transfer effects is used for preparation of the graphene, the obtained graphene is good in dispersion effect and high in dispersion degree in water and solvents. The production technology is low in equipment requirement, the preparation process is environmentally-friendly, can be continuously operated, and can be used in mass production. An ionic liquid preparation system can be recycled, and the method is in accordance with national energy conservation and emissions reduction policies, and has a good application prospect.


The recent hearing by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on February 9, 2006 regarding cardiac adverse effects from stimulant medications was troubling to many of us. The hearing was called to discuss how to determine the risk of cardiac adverse events. The current surveillance system resulted in the FDA reporting 25 sudden deaths (19 in children younger than 18 years). Most of the deaths were related to arrhythmias, and, in addition, 54 additional patients had nonfatal events including unusual cardiac rhythms, heart attacks, or strokes. However, these findings are very difficult to interpret. They reflect cases occurring in the context of 2.5 million children and 1.5 million adults having been treated with stimulant medications. There is no data to directly compare these FDA findings with the expected rate of cardiac sudden deaths in children and adults. Estimates of such occurrence in children range from 1.3 to 8.5 per 100,000 patient-years. The most common causes include myocarditis, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, coronary artery disease, congenital coronary artery anomalies, conductive system anomalies, mitral valve prolapse, and aortic dissection. This estimate translates to approximately 7000 children who die suddenly every year from cardiac disorders. The findings that the FDA reported as related to the stimulants could very possibly be within the number that would be anticipated to occur in the general population. In addition, many of the reported drug-related cases included ones in which more than one medication was being taken and some in which there was an overdose. These findings should raise the concern that close monitoring is required, and we need to obtain more systematic information on these events if related to medication status. The existing monitoring may be significantly under reporting cases, or, as I already noted, the findings could be just reflect the expected number of cases for the large cohort of patients. Making families and physicians aware of the possibilities was an important step, and encouraging physicians to be more careful about assessing the cardiac status of their patients is another. And adding the consideration of cardiac status in the risk benefit considerations also is an important step. Holding a hearing as was done on February 9, 2006 for the purpose of developing a more systematic and valid monitoring system was very important. Unfortunately, the outcome from that meeting was not helpful to the process. It is an example of where publicity with less than accurate information has fueled concerns that are not yet based on good scientific information and has added to the move to discourage families from treating children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder with medication. As has occurred at several FDA hearings recently, in addition to reporting on the measurable data pertinent to the issue, a significant amount of time was provided to allow for qualitative information in the form of families' stories. Although qualitative data can be very helpful in further understanding an issue, it is important that the qualitative data are of good quality, fully comparable with the population at risk. I am not aware that any care is taken to ascertain if all of the stories presented are representative of what is occurring in the community or that they are accurate reports. As poignant stories, they frequently have a strong influence over the outcome of the meetings and have a stronger influence than what the science tells us. I think this was the case in the February meeting where the committee seemed to jump prematurely to recommending a ''black box'' warning before there was enough accurate data to support that action. High media coverage with an emphasis on stories and a de-emphasis on scientific findings not infrequently leads to misinformation and poor decisions. Unfortunately, the FDA has become a much less respected and effective body over the past several years. It has not had a strong leader and is now directed by an acting director. It is also perceived as being unduly influenced by pharmaceutical companies. In its weakened position, it is more easily pressured to come to conclusions based on limited data and to not scrutinize the industry to the extent that sometimes is needed. In this case, we may be further increasing the fear of parents about the treatment of children who have attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder with medications that have better proven Commentary


TO THE EDITOR: In their commentary on the use of complementary medicine by patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (1) Katz and Weinberg surprisingly put together under the same label alternative remedies such as megavitamin therapy, dietary supplements, herbs, garlic, thymus extracts, as well as various pharmacological agents. Oddly enough, they seem to give equal consideration to popular remedies "without any scientific basis" and to treatments assessed in controlled studies, the results of which have appeared in peer-reviewed, renowned medical journals (2, 3).


The results of experimental studies of the influence of small cyclic repetitive and sign-loaded loads on the deflections of non-separable reinforced concrete beams are presented and a comparative analysis of beams deflections in different load modes is performed.


The study s a qualitative descriptive approach, and his research type is the study of library studies. Researchers aim to project sub-sub materials through the mathematical mind mapping of major semester ix classes, researchers are trying to collect data by reading, studying understanding and analyzing books as well as research journals, accessing Internet sites, or documents related to mind mapping. Mind mapping is the most effective and efficient way to input, store and extract data from the brain or into the brain. It works according to the natural workings of our brain, thus optimizing all the human brain's potential and capacity. The manufacturing of the mind mapping process requires that a number of basic characteristics are attained. There is also the basic characteristic; Paper, colour, line, letter, keyword, key image, and structure. Thus basically the mind mapping process is based on the development of the mind mapping process, resulting in a mind mapping that can help teachers and students in the mathematical process during the difficult part of the semester, and can make learning more meaningful and enjoyable because the learning material is visible to the whole so that students can readily understand the material given.


Abstract The kidney is among the most complex of internal organs. This is due in large part to the multiple and integrated mechanisms of the kidney and their highly dynamic regulation by a variety ...


This study applied DEA method to compare operational efficiency of South Korean and Vietnamese general public hospitals. Thirty general public hospitals from Vietnam and thirty one from South Korea were included. The operation of the targeted Vietnam public hospitals varied greatly in their efficiency and was found to be relatively less efficient than those of South Korea. The difference of operational efficiency between Vietnam and Korea was statistically significant (t = 18.53, p < 0.001). This could be because: 1) Vietnam's public hospitals provide healthcare for majority of citizens, while South Korea's public hospitals only have a minor role in supplying healthcare services to its people; 2) the South Korea Government is undertaking more intensive cost-saving control process within public hospitals; 3) the incentive system for medical staff and the role of health insurance also plays an important role in performance of public hospitals.


A (54, 18) binary code with weights divisible by four is reported. The code is quasi-cyclic and is generated by two symmetric circulants.


To discuss the process of clinical nursing in cardiovascular disease outbreaks and hyponatremia. Through our department 49 cases of cardiovascular disease etiology of hyponatremia occurred and nursing countermeasures.To discuss the occurrence of hyponatremia, clinical manifestations and treatment, improve the quality of care and shorten hospital stay.


Abstract This article is devoted to Plutarch's natural-philosophical interests and aspirations, as expressed more precisely in his collection of Quaestiones Naturales, which has been generally underestimated by scholars. In order to speculate about the actual position of this collection in the Corpus Plutarcheum, I present a case study of one particular problem, viz. Q.N. 19 (916BF). In the first part of the article, the scope is primarily confined to the traditional sources on which Plutarch relies, but I also take into account Plutarch's conception of scientific innovation, as it is formulated in Quaestiones convivales. In the second part, I deal with the problematic degree of moral dynamics and literary stylistics, which are, in the main, absent from Quaestiones Naturales. I analyse a cluster of parallel passages (De soll. an. 978EF; De am. mult. 96F–97A; De ad. et am. 51D–53D; Alc. 23, 4–5) by way of contrast to Q.N. 19. This yields insight into Plutarch's argumentative tactics and his process of writing and rewriting, with a particular focus on his use of ὑπομνήματα. On chronological grounds, I argue that at a certain point Plutarch bears the hypomnematic material of Q.N. 19 in his topical mind, but also that there are certain indications that Q.N. 19 itself is based on other ὑπομνήματα, which in turn provides new material for speculating about the true nature of Quaestiones Naturales as a "collection of notes" and about what the actual range of this label might be.


The present invention comprises methods and devices for providing the release of in-vivo persistence of the active agent to a subject. In one aspect, such a release, in order to form a sustained release active agent depot inside the subject can be achieved by the active agent, is reacted with a depot-forming agent in the in-vivo. Then depot is capable of releasing time was sustained active agent. .The


Artificial sauvage and real domesticity in the making of "nature in cities" : flora as the main medium for sauvage imaginaries.  The expressions "Putting nature back in the city" or "greener cities" are part of a dynamic rhetorical set where the rewilding branch of the imaginaries is particularly used. While the livability of cities is questioned, we use the "outside the walls" imaginary of a romanticised wilderness (sauvage). However, this rewilding actually seems to mobilize domestic figures, usually being about vegetalizing cities, whether it is about urban planning or the idea of nature as a service-provider. Flora appears as having become the principal medium through which the sauvage/wild is perceived inside cities. This is part of a general movement of re-romanticizing the idea of nature, blending imaginaries born out of very different territories : that of the sauvage and that of the anglo-saxon wild, the latter being loaded with a romantic power seemingly tainting our conceptions of urban planning. What if the meaning of sauvage was more about the production of this floral signifier as a representation of a radical alterity to the metropolitan habitat as a normative model ?


Slurry samples, collected from 23 commercial swine farms in South Korea during January to May 2008, were characterized in terms of various physiochemical parameters: pH, specific gravity (SG), electrical conductivity (EC), total solids (TS), volatile solids (VS), fixed solids (FS), total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (CODcr), macronutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Na, and Mg), micronutrients (Zn, Fe, Al, Mn, Cu, and Co), heavy metals (Ni, Cr, As, Cd, and Pb), and microbes (total heterotrophic bacteria, coliforms, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella). Average TS was found to be 4.5%, similar to that of other countries. A great variation in physiochemical parameters and nutrient contents were observed in the analyzed samples. This could be attributed to the differences in feeds, use of wash water, rainfall, and slurry age at the time of sampling. TS appeared to be a superior indicator of most nutrients and other parameters. Strong positive relationships (P < 0.001) were observed between TS and total N (R2 = 0.74), total P (R2 = 0.81), total K (R2 = 0.59), Ca (R2 = 0.76), Fe (R2 = 0.64), Mn (R2 = 0.60), Mg (R2 = 0.64), Na (R2 = 0.51), Al (R2 = 0.62), BOD5 (R2 = 0.64), CODcr (R2 = 0.81), VS (R2 = 0.99), FS (R2 = 0.83), and TSS (R2 = 0.71). The regression equations for Cu and TDS against TS were also obtained (P < 0.05) at R2 = 0.38 and 0.40, respectively. The total heterotrophic bacterial count was significantly correlated with TS. E. coli and Salmonella counts were noted at an average of 5.08 log10 CFU mL-1 and 3.56 log10 most probable number (MPN) mL-1, respectively. In addition, equations for predicting nutrient contents in Korean swine farms are presented in term of TS, an easily determinable parameter. The present study and the data obtained could be used as a guideline for estimating nutrient contribution from swine slurry in agricultural fields, ultimately facilitating the implementation of Good Management Practices in South Korean swine farms.


In this computational experiment, students use advanced quantum chemistry tools to simulate the photochromic reaction mechanism in naphthopyran derivatives. The first part aims to make students familiar with excited-state reaction mechanisms and addresses the photoisomerization of the benzopyran molecule by means of semiempirical quantum chemical calculations. This part introduces in particular the concept of conical intersection between potential energy surfaces and can be conducted under instructor guidance during a 4 h laboratory session. The second part investigates the photophysical and photochromic properties of two diphenyl-naphthopyran isomers and can be carried out independently by the students.


Due to advances in technology of materials, substitution of steel reinforcement with steel fibre becomes one of the possible solution for reducing the congestion of transverse reinforcement in concrete's element structures. Previously, there are various researches done on laboratory work to investigate on mechanical behaviors such as tensile strength and flexural strength of steel fibre reinforced concrete beams. However, there is a limitation on the part of non-linear analysis modelling especially for concrete beams without steel reinforcement. Thus, validation of non-linear analysis data with the existing experimental data has to be done first followed by investigation on the effect of volume fraction of steel fibres on flexural strength of concrete beam. Non-linear Finite Element Analysis was carried out by using LUSAS V15 software. Three types of steel fibre with different length of 60mm, 50mm and 33mm were adopted in reinforced concrete beam with volume fraction of 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75% and 1.00% for each fibre. In short, the flexural strength, stiffness and ductility begin to increase significantly when addition of steel fibre reach 0.75% and 1.00%. Long steel fibre perform better than short steel fibre in flexural, stiffness and ductility.Due to advances in technology of materials, substitution of steel reinforcement with steel fibre becomes one of the possible solution for reducing the congestion of transverse reinforcement in concrete's element structures. Previously, there are various researches done on laboratory work to investigate on mechanical behaviors such as tensile strength and flexural strength of steel fibre reinforced concrete beams. However, there is a limitation on the part of non-linear analysis modelling especially for concrete beams without steel reinforcement. Thus, validation of non-linear analysis data with the existing experimental data has to be done first followed by investigation on the effect of volume fraction of steel fibres on flexural strength of concrete beam. Non-linear Finite Element Analysis was carried out by using LUSAS V15 software. Three types of steel fibre with different length of 60mm, 50mm and 33mm were adopted in reinforced concrete beam with volume fraction of 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75% and 1.00% for e...


Spreading and collecting flows are united by the flow design known as the S-curve: when plotted versus time, the size of the domain that is filled or emptied has a history that is shaped as an S. Here, we show that the fastest spreading or collecting (i.e., the steepest S curve) is discovered by allowing the tree architecture to morph freely, toward greater access over time, in accord with the constructal law of design in nature. The angles between the lines of the invading flow architecture can be selected such that the overall flow proceeds the fastest, covering the greatest territory at any moment. The design is a sequence of two distinct phenomena: "invasion" by channels and branches that grow fast, and "consolidation" by slow diffusion perpendicular to the channels. Invasion and consolidation collaborate hand-in-glove to facilitate the spreading or collecting over the available finite area or volume.


Electromagnetic shielding device according to the present invention, the display frame in which the module is loaded; A conductive back cover is mounted to the rear of the frame; It is arranged on the front of the display module, a shielding member having a conductive layer; The shielding member and the conductive member to the conductive rear cover; And a conductive adhesive for bonding the conductive member and the shielding member, and a. Electromagnetic waves, a display, a module, a video display, shields, conductive


Abstract. Perceptions of student/professor competence and the reasons for a "chilly" classroom were investigated through a survey of 2,042 students from seventy-seven liberal arts colleges. Chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests showed statistically significant different responses by gender for all the questions. The perceptions of competence survey showed mixed results. With regards to professor competence, female students were much more likely to believe that male professors were viewed as more competent and treated with more respect. With regards to reasons for a "chilly" classroom, neither female nor minority students cited gender or race as a primary reason. In fact, the three most frequent reasons given by all students (regardless of race or gender) were difficulty of course content, professor's teaching style/personality, and personality style of classmates.


The increase in gas turbine performance requires very high total inlet temperatures even in heavy-duty applications. Therefore, an accurate design of both the blade cooling and the cooling network from the compressor to the blade is very important. In previous works, the authors have studied the cooling blade problems for both the stator and the rotor case. The present paper presents a simple and fast procedure to study the cooling network: a modular code has been developed for this purpose and particular attention has been focused on the study o the rotating cavities between the stator and the rotating disks.The results we have obtained are good and the code developed is at present used in industry.Copyright © 1998 by ASME


The Qur'an instructs humans develop knowledge to thinking about how heavens earth, observe, and research the universe. The Qur'an challenges humans examine the universe down to its smallest detail. This Qur'an paradigm clearly gives birth to normative premises which can be formulated into empirical and rational theories based on general knowledge (science). The views of some people still think that science and religion stand in their respective positions, because the field of science relies on empirical data, while religion relies on doctrines that are occult. The solution to the above phenomenon is by integrating Islamic knowledge based on the Qur'an. The problem is how is the integration between science and religion in the view of the Qur'an? And what kind of integration can be between religion and science? This research is an exploratory research using a qualitative approach with research of references from journals and scientific works.The Qur'an has created this climate making knowledge a central form of Muslim consciousness, which mediates between faith and charity. The approach in integrating Islamic religious knowledge with general knowledge (science) is an integrative-interconnective approach whereby religious and scientific knowledge process of objectification where non-Muslims perceive this knowledge as appropriately, not as religious act.


An efficient multifunctional compound microbe fertilizer is prepared from well-known original bacteria including rhizobia (60-95%) and others (5-40%) such as azotobacterium and actinomycetes, matrix,and trace elements, as well as very less chemical mutagen. Different temp, pH values and conditions for fermentation and culture are used in multiplying the bacteria to generate dominant microbe colony. The rhizobia contained in said compound fertilizer can not be limited to particular host, so it is suitable for different crops.


In a system which supports multi-thread,all the application programs are running in a thread-based way.Therefore,have to consider the problem of synchronization when there has the possibility that many threads accessing the same data object concurrently.The Elastos,invented by Shanghai Koretide Corporation was such a CAR technology-based operating system that supports multi-process and multi-thread,and this paper will give a presentation of how to use the extended event synchronization object to implement synchronization and message exchange among threads.


This article clarifies the synthesis of a complex combination of p-nitrobenzoic acid with Ni2+ from aromatic carbonic acid derivatives. Moreover, factors influencing the synthesis of the complex compound under room conditions were identified. In particular, the time dependence of the reaction, the effect of temperature, the concentration dependence were studied in practice. The synthesized complex was studied using IR-Fourier spectrometry, elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, TG-DSK and X-ray structural analysis, its chemical structure was determined, and this new complex was proved to be thermally and chemically stable


In this study, the target behavior of prosocial behavior was defined as garbage disposal (behavior of taking out the trash), and an intervention method using an inducement was proposed and evaluated. Specifically, we conducted an intervention in which the saturation of a trash can was visualized using a colored light that could be changed to red, yellow, and green. In addition, questionnaire surveys were administered before and after the intervention to 28 undergraduate and graduate students and faculty members, asking about their attitudes and feelings toward garbage disposal behavior, and personality traits. The results of a survey on the frequency of trash disposal be-fore and after the experiment showed that the time that the saturated trash can was left unattended was reduced by 81%. The questionnaire survey confirmed that the intervention increased the positive attitude toward trash disposal behavior, indicating that the intervention had an impact on trash disposal behavior. In addition, we were able to confirm the characteristics of individual personality traits and susceptibility to intervention.


Introduction: The most common index in dental studies is the decayed, missing, or filled teeth (dmft)/DMFT. Risk factor evaluation in order to investigate the significant factors that affect this DMFT in children has an important role in dental epidemiological studies. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between socioeconomic factors and dental caries.
Materials and Methods:  This cross-sectional study was a part of a national survey for assessing the oral health status of Iranian citizens in 2012. The target population was children aged. The data and oral examination results were collected by the clinical examination form and trained calibrated dental group (dentists and hygienists). A zero-inflated Poisson regression model (ZIP) with a random effect was utilized for evaluating the effect of socioeconomic status on DMFT.
Results:  In general, 1564 subjects were studied. From the entire subject in this study, the frequency of zero was 4176 (67%). The result of the ZIP model with random effect in zero part showed that socioeconomic status (OR = 1.97; P-value <0.001) had a significant effect on zero DMFT occurrences. The variance component of the random intercept in zero part was significant too (σ2 =17.11, P < 0.001).
Conclusion: The zero-inflated Poisson model with random effect in zero part was fitted to this data. Children from lower socioeconomic classes experienced more DMFT.


Abstract : This experiment tested two methods of M1 rifle instruction. One group of Infantry basic trainees was taught by the Army Training Program step-by-step method, another by a Whole Method. In the first period of Whole Method rifle instruction, the trainee saw a demonstration of the entire sequence of movements entering into the complete act of firing (use of the sling, firing positions, trigger squeeze, etc.). In each subsequent period, he practiced all these movements, including actual firing. The results show in general that the experimental Whole Method is more effective than the ATP method. On the average: (1) the trainees taught by the Whole Method made much higher scores for slow fire; they showed a 61% greater improvement over initial slow fire proficiency than did those taught by the ATP method; (2) the more intelligent trainees taught by the Whole Method made higher scores for sustained fire; and (3) these findings are consistent with further data from a firing test given nearly two months later, indicating that the superiority of the Whole Method lasts over a long period of time. (Author)


The present invention relates to a sealed connection between the duct and the port. In particular, a method is described for forming a seal between the pipe connecting port and made of different metals. Also it describes a sealed connection between a pipe made of a first metal and a second port made of a metal.


We present a novel imaging technique that combines quantum ghost and scanning imaging protocol to capture two-dimensional images using only a one-dimensional detector array, enabled by strong spatial correlations and tunable emission angle of entangled photon pairs emitted from an ultrathin nonlinear metasurface.


Above-ground standing biomass and carbon-stock dynamics were monitored for 25 years (from 1984 to 2009) in six 1-ha permanent forest sites subjected to different levels of anthropogenic pressure in tropical rain forests of Uttara Kannada district, Western Ghats, south India. Over the years, total loss of trees ranged from 97 to 761 (23.95-60.7%) trees/ha, removal of trees by people ranged from 42 to 559 (5.5-55.17%) trees/ha and number of trees dead ranged from 55-370 (5.52-38.38%) trees/ha, leading to reduction in basal area in two sites (-1.81 m^2/ha, and -1.73 m^2/ha). In four sites, basal area increased from 0.98 to 22.19 m2/ha, because of compensatory growth of surviving trees and added above-ground standing biomass ranging from 6.40 to 144.67 t/ha. Tree recruitment ranged from 214 to 1,840 trees/ha and it was more than the number of trees lost in four sites, indicating faster recovery of tree density. In the 25(superscript th) year, recruits formed 28.34-85.06% of the stand tree density and shared 1.20-18.47% of the stand basal area and accounted for 1.0-14.67% of the above-ground standing biomass and carbon stock, making all six sites as C-sinks. In general, the rate of carbon accumulation in forests of Uttara Kannada district was 1.13 t C /ha /yr , of which, 0.58±1.18 t C /ha/year was contributed by surviving trees and 0.55±0.33 t C/ha/year was added by recruits. With proper management strategies, the C-sequestration potential in the forests can be elevated and by reforesting degraded area, the carbon sink can be enhanced in the Western Ghats region. Role of recruits in forest dynamics must be considered while planning and management of forests to enhance carbon stocks.


Resonant converters are being used more and more widely in power supply system, and are potentially adopted as the one part of traction power electronics transformer or auxiliary power supply in locomotives. Series resonant converters (SRCs), which have been researched in many aspects, is relatively focused earlier. In railway transportation locomotive, the output voltage of single-phase rectifiers contains double line ripple component (100Hz or 120Hz), which effects the power quality of the output voltage in auxiliary power converters. This paper focuses on a combination circuit consisting of a Boost converter and a SRC converter in order to reduce the output voltage ripple with a simple control method. The parameters of the DC-DC converter are designed in detail and the coefficients are deduced by small-signal modeling. Detailed analysis about the harmonics distribution and small-signal modeling are shown in this paper, while the input voltage feedforward scheme is adopted to reduce the influence of input voltage ripple and control system of the combination circuit is also presented. Finally, the theoretical analysis is well verified by the hardware-in-loop experiment results.


ABSTRACT

Ana Rochanah. 2010. S 890208119. Using Task-based Activities to Improve Students' Writing Ability (A Classroom Action Research in the tenth grade students of SMA Negeri I Bojonegoro). Thesis, Graduate Program in English Education, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. Advisors: (1) Dra. Dewi Rochsantiningsih, M. Ed, Ph.D, (II) Dr. Ngadiso, M.Pd.
 This research was set out in the attempt to overcome the writing problems of the students in tenth grade of SMA Negeri I Bojonegoro in the academic year 2008-2009. The Research is also aimed to (1) identify whether and to what extent task-based activity improve the students' writing ability; and (2) describe the teaching and learning situation when task-based activity is implemented in writing class.
The students were observed that they have poor ability in writing. The problems encountered were caused by two sides: the students and the teacher. They were as follows: (1) the students were less interested in writing: (2) the students lacked of interest in writing: (3) they lacked of vocabulary: (4) they lacked of model of how to start to write: (5) they lacked of grammar mastery: (6) the time to practice writing was so limited: (6) they also got difficulty in arranging sentence. The causes from the teacher were: (1) the teacher carried out the lesson conventionally: (2) the teacher gave no various teaching. To overcome those problems, the researcher designed an action research using task-based.
 The action research is a way of reflecting on teaching which is done systematically collecting data on everyday practice and analyzing it in order to come to some decisions about what the future practice should be. The research consisted of three cycles, with four meetings in every cycle; consisting of planning, action, observation and reflection in each cycle. In collecting data, the researcher used qualitative data which were collected by observation, interview, questionnaire, and test. The quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistic, finding out the mean of the scores in the test and the improvement of the scores. The qualitative data were analyzed using Constant Comparative Technique proposed by Strauss and Glasser consisting of the following steps: (1) comparing incidents applicable to each category; (2) integrating categories and their properties; (3) delimiting the theory; and (4) writing the theory.
 The result of the study showed that: (1) task-based can improve students' writing ability. Being taught using task-based, the students' interest in writing improved. They were also actively involved in the teaching and learning process. Most of them were able to organize the words through various tasks into a text of descriptive. Their group work also improved since the researcher gave them pair work project to finish their works, (2) Task-based is also improve the classroom situation, such as: the classroom situation more live, increasing students' participation, reducing teachers' domination, providing more chance for students to write, increasing teachers' innovation and understanding students' potential.
 Based on the result of the study, the researcher concluded that the students' writing ability and improving classroom situation can be improved through task-based. Therefore, it is recommended that the teacher should apply task-based in teaching writing.


Coaches are the people responsible for helping athletes work towards achieving their full potential. The influence of coaches is associated with positive impacts on athletes by enhancing their performance, character development, athlete satisfaction and other various positive outcomes. In order to develop successful athletes, coaches need to have a high level of coaching efficacy. Many factors may affect coaching efficacy, such as coaching education and experience, and it might play a part in the ability of coaches in coaching their athletes. Hence, the purpose of this study is to determine the impact of coaching experience and education on coaching efficacy among Malaysian collegiate coaches. A total of 331 coaches for SUKIPT 2016 were involved in this study. The Coaching Efficacy Scale (CES) questionnaire was used to measure the coaches coaching efficacy. Overall, Malaysian collegiate coaches showed that their level of coaching efficacy was high for all subscales, namely character building (M=7.92, SD=.83), technique (M=7.91, SD=.89), game strategy (M=7.80, SD=.93), and motivation (M=7.79, SD=.83). Furthermore, study shows that there was a medium positive correlation between coaching experience (r=.37, n=331, p<.001) and coaching efficacy and the small positive correlation between coaching education (r=.12, n=331, p<.05) and coaching efficacy. In addition, multiple regression results indicated that both coaching experience and coaching education can predict overall coaching efficacy (F (6, 324) =12.85, p<.001). In conclusion, this study has provided additional information about coaching efficacy that in the context of Malaysian collegiate coaches. From these consequences, Malaysian collegiate coaches are aware that coaching education and coaching experience are important elements for them to become a successful coach.


We show that a beam splitter of reflectivity one-third can be used to realize a quantum phase gate operation if only the outputs conserving the number of photons on each side are postselected.


Electrical resistivity and Hall Effect measurement study were grown on single crystal GaAs at 77K and in a temperature region between 273K to 323K. From the measurements it is found that GaAs and In and In 0.205 Ga 0.795 As are of p-type. Resistivity of GaAs and In 7.77 × 10-1 Ohm-cm respectively and for samples with x 1.06× 10 3 Ohm-cm and 2.54 × 10 3 Ohm were calculated for all samples. Temperature variations of these values are presented an with the previous works. Results obtained are explained in the light of the existing theories and they are found to be in good agreement with theories and also with the published results of other workers.


An algorithm is developed to retrieve wet tropospheric path delay (PD) near land from a satellite microwave radiometer to improve coastal altimetry studies. Microwave radiometers are included on ocean altimetry missions to retrieve the wet PD, but their performance has been optimized for retrievals in the open ocean. Near land, the radiometer footprint contains a mixture of radiometrically warm land and radiometrically cold ocean. Currently, the radiometer retrievals in the coastal region are flagged as invalid since large errors result when the open-ocean retrieval algorithm is applied to mixed land/ocean scenes. The PD retrieval algorithm developed in this paper is applicable to both open-ocean and mixed land-ocean scenes, thus enabling retrievals in the coastal zone. The performance of the algorithm is demonstrated with detailed simulations and application to measurements from the Advanced Microwave Radiometer on the Jason-2/Ocean Surface Topography Mission. The algorithm error is estimated to be less than 0.8 cm up to 15 km from land, less than 1.0 cm within 10 km from land, less than 1.2 cm within 5 km from land, and less than 1.5 cm up to the coastline.


The control principle of a hybrid passive-active DC filter installed in the Lindome HVDC converter station is analyzed in this paper. The controller of the active filter includes two basic functions: an integrator and a compensator. The main advantage of the Lindome controller is its simple structure for implementation in a digital signal processor (DSP). The drawbacks of this controller are its long response time, low stability margin and the filtering of an unnecessary number of frequencies. An alternative control strategy using a number of notch filters has been investigated. The notch filters can be tuned to those frequencies that need to be damped. This controller gives a much shorter system response time and improved stability margin.


Cathodic reduction of aqueous metal nitrate solutions leads to the deposition of micrometer-thick coatings of metal hydroxides. Heat treatment of the green hydroxide deposits results in the formation of adherent oxide coatings. The synthesis of a number of oxides such as MgO, Co3O4, and RE2O3 (RE=Y, Dy, and Eu) is reported. These oxides as well as their hydroxide precursors belong to different structure types, showing that electrochemical deposition is a general method of fabrication of oxide coatings. The distinctive feature of all the precursor coatings is that they are macroporous, with the pore size in the micrometer range. The pores arise from the truncation of lamellar crystallites. The porosity is morphological rather than structural and is caused by aggressive gas evolution that takes place simultaneously with the deposition process at the cathode. The oxide coatings obtained by the thermal decomposition of the hydroxide precursors are also macroporous. The porosity is conserved as the pore size is larger than the diffusion length at the decomposition temperature.


In this study, we apply a combination of spectral methods and finite differences to another famous non-linear PDE describing water waves: the Boussinesq equation. This equation admits bidirectional wave propagation, has closed form solitary wave solutions and, like the KdV, is completely integrable in one space dimension. These solutions, called solitons, exist in arbitrary number and interact completely elastically. We numerically follow their interactions and investigate their stability properties by varying the velocity parameter of the waves appearing in their analytical form. Let us consider the famous Boussinesq equation (in one space dimension) written as [1]


(1) Background: A set of relevant police ergonomic parameters (PEP) have been used for the assessment and prevention of occupational risks involved in police physical interventions (PITs). Through this set of PEPs, a comparison has been made between two traditional PITs against two novel OTPs (operational tactical procedures). (2) Method: The data have been collected by means of a motion capture suit fitted with 19 inertial measurement units (IMUs). A specific and powerful software package specific for ergonomic analysis has been used to manage the large amount of data registered and to generate a series of three-dimensional plots. Traditional PITs and newer OTPs have been performed for their analysis. Specifically, the PEPs corresponding to the implementation of four PITs have been analyzed by collecting the measurements provided by a set of IMUs installed on a motion capture suit, and their occupational risk assessments have been compared against those corresponding to newer OTPs. (3) Results: For the four PITs, the PEPs have been analyzed with the measured values from the IMUs, throughout the duration of each technique. The two traditional intervention techniques have scored higher than the new OTPs in the REBA system, the asymmetry angle, L5-pelvis shear and joint contact forces, and the total muscle power measurements. (4) Conclusions: It has been confirmed that the new OTPs minimize the risk of injuries, since their PEPs reached lower values than those corresponding to the traditional PITs, which are still being taught at police academies.


Nowadays, there is an increasing interest in the development of Autonomous Vehicles (AV). However, there are two types of attack challenges that can affect AVs and are yet to be resolved, i.e., sensor attacks and vehicle access attacks. This paper, to the best of our knowledge, is the first work that proposes a novel authentication scheme involving DRAM power-up unique features using deep Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), which can be used to implement secure access control of autonomous vehicles. Our approach consists of two parts. First, we convert raw power-up sequence data from DRAM cells into a two-dimensional (2D) format to generate a DRAM image structure. Second, we apply deep CNN to DRAM images, in order to extract unique features from each memory to classify them for authentication. To evaluate our proposed approach, we utilize data from three Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) DRAMs taken under various environmental and other conditions (high/low temperature, high/low supply voltage and aging effects). Based on our results, our proposed authentication method ``DRAMNet'' achieves 98.63% accuracy and 98.49% precision. In comparison to other state-of-the-art CNN architectures, such as the AlexNet and VGGNet models, our DRAMNet approach fares equally well or better than them.


The contemporary renewed idea about instructional quality has discarded and surpassed the traditional one.This can be illustrated in these four relations:dominance and recessiveness;signal dimension and multi-dimension;the short-term effect and the long-term effect;the minority and the whole.From the idea's renewal to the pursuit of practical improvement,however,there is a synthetically complex process of conversion in which some deviations will be not avoided.Only when these deviations have been corrected from time to time can we approach to the pre-set goal.


Abstract : This methodology determines a new way of projecting material price or availability that accounts for the potentially substantial effects of war, revolution or political realignment in material producing nations. This technique is then applied to the optimization of weapon system cost in the design stage. The cost effectiveness of several strategies (e.g., stockpiling, recycling) for avoiding or minimizing the effects of material shortage is discussed using this method of pricing. The impact of material availability on force readiness is considered throughout the text. (Author)


It is almost generally admitted that Plutarch was of a kindly and well meaning nature, and that, owing to this, he had a tendency to look sympathetically at historical figures, bring into relief the good aspects of a man's character rather than the bad ones, and treat with leniency and understanding the weaknesses and shortcomings of his heroes.1 Acknowledged exceptions, although not on moral but on philosophical or philological grounds, are his fierce attacks against the Stoics and the Epicureans and, above all, his treatise on the malignity of Herodotus. The aim of this paper is to indicate a similar exception of this kind, which occurs in the Lives and concerns Plutarch's unexpectedly severe judgement on Nikias, and to try to give some explanation for it. Plutarch's prejudice against Nikias is perhaps most evident in the Comparison with Crassus, but several unfavorable judgements and innuendos can be also discerned in the Life proper. This does not mean that Plutarch never praises Nikias nor that he altogether rejects him. It only means that, contrary to his usual tendency (in other Lives) of stressing the


Mucoceles are expansile, encapsulated, benign cystic lesions with the potential for adjacent bony remodeling and resorption. Paranasal mucoceles predominantly develop in the frontal sinuses (60%), followed in frequency by the ethmoidal (20-30%), maxillary (10%), and sphenoid (2-3%) sinuses. Nasal septal mucoceles develop in only very seldom cases. Septal mucoceles might develop from infected nasal septum or trauma. In the differential diagnosis of a midline septal mass, dermoid cyst, encephalocele, meningocele or intraseptal abscess should be considered. We present a case of nasal septal mucocele, which was managed by endoscopic excision and marsupialization. Korean J Otorhinolaryngol-Head Neck Surg 2016;59(2):170-3 Key WordsZZEndoscopic surgery ㆍMucocele ㆍNasal obstruction ㆍNasal septum.


Wearable cardioverter defibrillators (WCD) are used as a 'bridging' technology in patients, who are temporarily at high risk for sudden cardiac death (SCD). Several factors should be taken into consideration, for example patient selection, compliance and optimal drug treatment, when WCD is prescribed. We aimed to present real‐world data from seven centres from Germany and Switzerland according to age differences regarding the outcome, prognosis, WCD data and compliance.


This article aims to identify legibility guidelines for aged and low vision people, in order to analyze how information design is applied in formatting rules for nutrition facts labels, according to the Brazilian legislation. Taking into account the national public health scenario, with growing numbers of obesity and overweight, food labeling may perform an important role in guiding healthier nutritional choices. It is relevant to look at the aged population, since trends estimate its growth during the next decades. Given that ageing is often related to visual deterioration, we have selected guidelines for aged readers as well as for low vision readers. The comparative analysis of such guidelines with topics addressed by the Brazilian legislation on the format of nutrition facts labels presented compliance for some points and deviations for other elements. Overall, we have noticed that the legal texts include information design aspects. We also advocate for the relevance of research on the legibility of nutrition facts labels as a means to improve access to information by aged and low vision people.


The data for this example are taken from a paper by McKnight and Van Den Eeden (1993), who reported on the number of headaches in a two treatment, multiple period crossover trial. Specifically, the number of headaches per week was repeatedly measured for 27 patients. Following a seven day placebo run-in period, subjects received either aspartame or placebo in four seven-day treatment periods according to the double-blind crossover treatment design. Each treatment period was separated by a washout day. The sample size is 122. Data for the first 10 observations of all the variables used in this section, contained in the file aspart.lsf (MGLIMEX folder) are shown below in the form of an LSF spreadsheet window.


The crystal structure of 7, 8, 17, 18--tetrabromo--5, 10, 15, 20--Tetraphenylporphinatozinc (Ⅱ ) (ZnTPPBr 4. H2O ) was det ermined. The molecular far formula is C44H26Br4N4OZn, Mr= 1003. 7, trigonal, R3, a= 27. 325 (6) A, c= 12. 967(3) A, V=8384(4) A', Z=9, Dx= 1. 80 g/cm3, F(000) =4463, μ= 5. 27 mm--l.The molecular structure of 7, 8, 17, 18--tetrabromo--5, 10, 15, 20--tetraphenyl porphinatozinc (Ⅱ ) (ZnTPPBr4) shows that the macrocycle skeleton of the title compound isplanar. Due to the electron-withdrawing effect of the bromine atoms, the Zn--N bondsare inequal. In crystal lattice, the solvolytic water molecule is distributed statistically.Three oxygen atoms O, Oa and Ob of water form a equilateral triangle, two triangleoverlap together to form a regular hexagon. The water molecule occupies on each of sixapexes of the hexagon with equal probability.


This article deals with the effects of socio-economic changes during the period of recession. On the basis of the conducted review the author describes the measures taken by the International Labour Organization on overcoming crisis's consequences and studies budget mechanism of financing these measures.


Process Simulation | AspenTech Aspen Plus Brochure: Process Simulation for Chemicals. Aspen Plus advances the performance of chemical processes using the best-in-class simulation software for bulk chemicals, specialty chemicals and pharmaceutical industries. This powerful modeling technology enables optimization of throughput, product quality and energy use in processes with batch, continuous, and mixed batch and continuous operations.


When I first started working for the Agency and before I had taken a sampling course, I kept hearing people talk about "the list frame" and "the area frame." "What are these things called frames?" I wondered. I imagined two gilded picture frames hanging on a wall in one, a great list of farmers in tiny print; in the other, a huge detailed map of the United States. How they drew samples from these things I had no idea! Obviously I had the concept wrong, so I decided to do some digging. I started with Webster's dictionary:


The new ICTs, especially e-participation tools and techniques, are promoted by different authorities and policymakers as an invaluable feature of contemporary society and conceived as improving society. This paper addresses e-participation as a governmental technology of citizenship through which the citizen's involvement and collaboration in policymaking and other political processes is called upon and enhanced. E-participation is interpreted as a way of managing human conduct at a collective and individual level that has provided a process for rearranging the exercise of


Nonlinear cascade scattering of intense, tightly focused laser pulses by relativistic electrons is studied numerically in the classical approximation including radiation damping for the quantum parameter hℏωxrayi=e < 1 and an arbitrary radiation parameter χ. The electron's energy loss, along with its being scattered to the side by the ponderomotive force, makes scattering in the vicinity of a high laser field nearly impossible at high electron energies. The use of a second, copropagating laser pulse as a booster is shown to partially solve this problem.


This study pertains to lagoons connected to the ocean by narrow, constricted inlets. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the convective or non-dispersive transport in these lagoon systems. Equations describing the flow in the lagoon and in the inlets are derived. Because the convective transport results from the higher order (non-linear) terms in the equations, only third order terrms and higher are neglected. A numerical model is developed especially to compute the flow in water bodies connected to the ocean by inlets. The results of the study presented here are mainly based on theoretical considerations.


The present invention relates to a circular pneumatic fixture which is used to machine the surface of glass for producing a circular graphite molding jig used in a wearable device, has a larger top surface than the outer edge of the circle to be processed graphite workpieces, in the center portion of the upper surface of the circular but receiving the object to be processed graphite workpiece circular blood has a lower depth than the height of the machining graphite workpiece circle P and the recessed space of the shape of alignment circular in diameter and a certain tolerance in the machining graphite workpiece formed in the vertical direction, the bottom surface of the recessed space is formed with additional seat which bottom surface and a flat contact of the round to be processed graphite processing member, the seating portion is formed with mutually communicated with the circular vacuum passage with a predetermined width and depth, the lower surface is in machine jig provided on the plate a combination of the fixed block and the vacuum suction; Is fixed to one side surface of the vacuum suction block is communicated with the circular vacuum passage connectors that are connected to an external vacuum-generating device; characterized by consisting of. According to the present invention, since a processed graphite workpiece circular over the receiving portions of the circular pneumatic jig this is easily adsorbed fixed to the negative pressure the jig are circular-machined graphite workpieces of hard, flat cylindrical fixing the shape as similar to a conventional bolt or vice reducing the setting time for installing the fixture is significantly reduced processing times of the circular graphite molding tool has a significant effect of improving the processing productivity. And, when machining a circular work piece graphite work because brittleness is not it the force applied to the strong graphite workpiece crack or break a circular work piece graphite workpiece, as well as there is a fear that the mounting fitting to a predetermined tolerance of the recessed space of the circular pneumatic jig for this reason, it is stably fixed without leaving pushed arises the effect of producing a fine graphite circular shaping tool is machining error is reduced.


Cointegration analysis in modelling tourism demand has rarely been used in previous empirical research studies. This paper attempts to answer two main questions: first, whether certain economic factors are interconnected in the long term with tourism demand, and second, whether a short-run dynamic specification of this demand exists which is statistically adequate and which has appropriate forecasting properties.


The present report describes the new occurrence of Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) in cabbage, bean and Malva neglecta plants in Iran. In this study, sequence analyses of a partial RNA dependent RNA polymerases (RdRp) and complete movement protein (MP) and the coat protein (CP) nucleotide sequences of three new ToMV isolates collected from major crop fields in Iran revealed low genetic variation of RdRp gene compared to the CP and MP genes. The different topologies of the phylogenetic trees constructed, using available open reading frame (ORF1), ORF2 and ORF3 sequences from ToMV isolates, indicated different evolutionary constraints in these genomic regions. Statistical analysis also revealed that with the exception of CP other tested ToMV genes were under negative selection and the RdRp gene was under the strongest constraints. According to the phylogenetic tree it can be inferred from the nucleotide sequences of the complete CP and MP genes, that isolates from Iran and Egypt formed separate groups, irrespective of host origin. However, isolates clustered into groups with correlation to geographic origin but not the host. Analysis of the K s * , Z * and S nn values also indicated genetic differentiation between ToMV populations. The Tajima's D, Fu and Li's statistical values were significantly negative for the RdRp gene of the Asian population which suggests the sudden expansion of ToMV in Asia. Taken together, the results indicate that negative selection and genetic drift were important evolutionary factors driving the genetic diversification of ToMV.


The author of the Foreign Voices' second issue, Lulzim Peci from the Kosovar Institute for Policy Research and Development, was a speaker at the Development and Peace Foundation's Potsdam Spring Dialogues 2006 entitled "The Balkans at a Crossroads – Prospects for a Lasting Peace" held on 16-18 March 2006. During the Dialogues, several participants among them Former Foreign Minister of Serbia and Montenegro Goran Svilanovic – pointed at the importance of security sector reforms in the countries of the region. In the following, Mr Peci presents his view on how the process of reforming the security sector in Kosovo should be shaped, and which specific preconditions have to be taken into account to make this process as successful and peaceful as possible.


Disco is an open source MapReduce framework and an alternative to Hadoop. Preemption of tasks is an important feature which helps organizations relying on the MapReduce paradigm to handle their heterogeneous workload usually constituted of research (long duration and with low priority) and production (short duration and with high priority) applications. The missing preemption in Disco affects the production jobs when these two kinds of jobs need to be executed in parallel: the high priority response is delayed because there aren't resources to compute it. In this paper we describe the implementation of the Preemptive Fair Scheduler Policy which improved largely our experimental production job execution time with a small impact on the research job.


Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has gained its attention and popularity since the last decade. There are many CSR debates which shaped by trends and fashions as well as fundamental changes of the political, social, and economic spheres of life. Tracing back, the precursor to CSR was topic of charitable giving, which had been in existence since 1980s. Todate, CSR has evolved to a business concept that had been accepted widely. Business corporations are focusing on CSR due to tremendous pressures from the society. Presently, CSR approach has geared toward stakeholder instead of shareholder compared to when it was started. Stakeholder management and CSR is a relational affair. Stakeholder theory means engaging with critical stakeholders such as employees, suppliers, customers, media, local communities, NGOs, could be the source of new ideas and opportunities (Freeman, 2009). This present a research agenda to look into the internal CSR practices towards the crucial internal stakeholders, i.e., the employees in aspects such as the pervasiveness of it's practices, and how it affect the employees attitudes and behaviors. Adding on, as small medium enterprises (SMEs) are gaining its foothold in Malaysia economy. Hence, this research takes place in the state of Selangor which recorded the highest number of SME establishments. As SMEs are involved as the unit analysis in this research, entrepreneurial orientation is used to investigate its influence on the implementation of internal CSR. Overall, the results show significant impact between entrepreneurial orientation with the implementation of internal CSR and internal CSR practices also show positive relationship with employees' organizational commitment and job satisfaction. The results reveal that the implementation of internal CSR has enhanced employees' organizational commitment as well as job satisfaction. The results also revealed that internal CSR practices can reduce employees' turnover intention. With the benefits of internal CSR towards employees' attitudes and behaviors, SMEs may use this practice to augment employees' performance in SMEs. Keywords : internal CSR, employees, SMEs, organizational commitment, job satisfaction, turnover intention


The extension to the visible and ultraviolet regions of Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTS), traditionally regarded as a technique for the infrared, has increased the range of its applications to analytical atomic spectroscopy, astrophysics and atmospheric physics. The relative advantages of FTS and grating spectroscopy have to be assessed differently at these shorter wavelengths; it is shown that the very accurate wavenumber scale and the high resolution attainable are usually the most important advantages offered by FTS. The signal-to-noise ratios that can be obtained with the two types of spectrometer with the same source and the same resolution are compared for absorption and emission spectra, and for scanning and multi-channel grating spectrometers. The suitability of FTS for upgrading databases, both for atomic emission spectroscopy and for astrophysical and atmospheric physics applications, is discussed and illustrated with examples of advances made in all these fields.


General properties of the protease inhibitors in wheat and their distribution in germ, endosperm and bran were investigated. It was found that each part of wheat, germ, endosperm and bran, contains inhibitory activities against trypsin, α-chymotrypsin and pepsin. Gel electrophoresis of the germ extract revealed the presence of four trypsin inhibitors, three of which also had inhibitory activities against α-chymotrypsin. The endosperm portion was similarly shown to have three trypsin inhibitors, two of them having activities against α-chymotrypsin. One of the two trypsin inhibitors in bran also exhibited α-chymotrypsin-inhibitory activity. It was not, however, possible to identify pepsin inhibitors on the electrophotogram. The trypsin inhibitors are moderately heat stable, retaining 90% of original activity after heating at 80°C for 2 hr. The α-chymotrypsin inhibitors, on the other hand, were found to be rather heat sensitive, losing 50% of its original activity upon heating at 80°C for 30min. This is contrasted by pepsin inhibitor which fully retains its original activity after heating in boiling water for 2 hr. Finally, molecular weights of the inhibitors were estimated by SDS-gel electrophoresis.


Some three decades ago, certain computational intelligence methods of reinforcement learning were recognized as implementing an approximation of Bellman's Dynamic Programming method, which is known in the controls community as an important tool for designing optimal control policies for nonlinear plants and sequential decision making. Significant theoretical and practical developments have occurred within this arena, mostly in the past decade, with the methodology now usually referred to as Adaptive Dynamic Programming (ADP). The objective of this paper is to provide a retrospective of selected threads of such developments. In addition, a commentary is offered concerning present status of ADP, and threads for future research and development within the controls field are suggested.


This article focuses on the topic of the young adult's cleft habitus influenced by a housing affordability crisis in the Czech Republic and examines how this situation affects the young adult's relation to the imagination of a temporally structured life course and synchronization of life spheres (housing, family, and work). This article is based on qualitative in-depth interviews conducted in the four cities most affected by the house and rent price increase. The general question addresses if and how social inequalities, sharpened by the current housing affordability crisis, affect the process of narrative life course coherence creation (the connection of past, present, and future) in relation to an orientation toward a vision of "the good life." We furthermore complement the already existing ideal types of the young adult's relation toward time—confident continuity and cautious contingency—with two other two types—cautious continuity and total contingency—defined on the basis of our data. We argue that the ability of young adults to envision a coherent future is related to the feeling of secured housing and that the idea of the good life is depicted to a large extent through the ideal of homeownership, although the precarity of the housing market makes homeownership harder to reach for those from unprivileged backgrounds.


The adoption of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) is widely seen as an interim solution for the decarbonization of the transport sector. Within a PHEV, determining the required energy storage capacity of the battery remains one of the primary concerns for vehicle manufacturers and system integrators. This fact is particularly pertinent since the battery constitutes the largest contributor to vehicle mass. Furthermore, the financial cost associated with the procurement, design and integration of battery systems is often cited as one of the main barriers to vehicle commercialization. The ability to integrate the optimization of the energy management control system with the sizing of key PHEV powertrain components presents a significant area of research. Contained within this paper is an optimization study in which a charge blended strategy is used to facilitate the downsizing of the electrical machine, the internal combustion engine and the high voltage battery. An improved Equivalent Consumption Method has been used to manage the optimal power split within the powertrain as the PHEV traverses a range of different drivecycles. For a target CO2 value and drivecycle, results show that this approach can yield significant downsizing opportunities, with cost reductions on the order of 2%–9% being realizable.


Dilatation of the aortic root and aneurysms of the sinus of Valsava can occur in different circumstances such as Marfan syndrome, Loeys-Dietz syndrome, or bicuspid aortic valve. Even though in most of these cases this process begins already in childhood, treatment before adulthood is rarely needed. We report on a four-and-a-half-year-old-year-old boy with a functional bicuspid aortic …


Termitaria snyderi Thaxter forms small discoid lesions on the exoskeleton of different species of termites. Its conidiogenesis has been studied by light and electron microscopy. The phialides are oriented parallel in a closely packed sporodochium. The conidia are produced endogenously in basipetal succession from a fixed conidiogenous locus and are liberated when the tip is broken off the phialide as a result of the force applied by the formation of new conidia. The area of the phialide beyond the locus forms a tubular collarette. The conidium initial buds out at the locus and after it has received its organelles and reached a certain size it is delimited by a centripetally growing transverse septum. The region of the growing septum has many vesicles which may be involved in cross wall synthesis. Conidia are cylindrical, uninucleate, and double-walled. They have mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), conspicuous lipid droplets, and vacuoles. Each conidiophore has long mitochondria, elongate nuclei, and...


ABSTRACT Some sufficient conditions ensuring that the subdirect sum of QN-matrices is in the class of QN-matrices, are given. In particular, new conditions are given to guarantee that the k-subdirect sum of Nekrasov matrices is also a Nekrasov matrix. Examples are reported to illustrate the theoretical results presented.


A method is presented for machine acceptance testing of computer numerically controlled production equipment producing three-dimensional quality characteristics. Statistical process control using T2 charts and multivariate machine capability analysis wa..


Introduction. Society and Reproductive Issues. Recreating Motherhood: Ideology and Technology in American Society. Science, Conscience, and Public Policy: Historical Reflections on Controversial Reproductive Issues. Current Religious Perspectives on the New Reproductive Techniques. Essential Ethical Considerations for Public Policy on Assisted Reproduction. Treatment of Infertility and Assisted Reproduction. Medical Techniques for Assisted Reproduction. Infertility and the Role of the Federal Government. Sexuality and Assisted Reproduction: An Uneasy Embrace. Arguing with Success: Is In Vitro Fertilization Research or Therapy? Surrogate Motherhood. Surrogacy Arrangements: An Overview. The Case of Baby M. Surrogate Motherhood Agreements: The Risks to Innocent Human Life. The Vatican Instruction and Surrogate Motherhood. Surrogacy: A Question of Values. Surrogacy and the Family: Social and Value Considerations. Appendices. Baby M Contract. State Legislation Examples: Nevada, Michigan. The New York State Task Force on Life and Law Statement. Vatican Statement. Index.


Since wall paintings in Maitreya Hall of Geumsan-sa temple had displayed a serious state of damage and deterioration, a detailed examination such as structural analysis of the wall, cause of damage, and the state of deterioration have been thoroughly conducted before the conservation treatment has commenced. The most seriously deteriorated part of the wall paintings was the south wall of the building in particular in its painted and surface layer. The painted layer had formed its own layer of thick, which has been separation from the surface layer. As such problem developed the whole surface layer has been separated from the wall. The problem has been caused by two reasons: 1. the heavy weight of the roof section and it caused cracks and damage on the wall; 2. the loss of function of consolidating material and it caused discolouring and the separation of surface layer from the wall. The cause of damage on the painted and surface layers can be assumed in two ways: 1. its surrounding environment such as the change of temperature and humidity level and ultraviolet rays ; 2. the loss of mechanical function of consolidating material, synthetic resin which had been applied in the past conservation treatment. The separation of layers from the wall and cracks was caused by the mistake in choosing an applicable consolidating material and dismantling technique which had ignored a different characteristic of the wall painting of Korean buddhist temples.


The paper studies the combined effects of beta-emitting radionuclide tritium and Humic Substances (HS) on the marine unicellular microorganism—luminous bacteria—under conditions of low-dose radiation exposures (<0.04 Gy). Tritium was used as a component of tritiated water. Bacterial luminescence intensity was considered as a tested physiological parameter. The bioluminescence response of the marine bacteria to tritium corresponded to the "hormesis" model: it included stages of bioluminescence inhibition and activation, as well as the absence of the effect. HS were shown to decrease the inhibition and activation effects of tritium, similar to those of americium-241, alpha-emitting radionuclide, studied earlier. Correlations between the bioluminescence intensity and the content of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) were found in the radioactive bacterial suspensions. The results demonstrate an important role of HS in natural processes in the regions of low radioactive contamination: HS can mitigate radiotoxic effects and adaptive response of microorganisms to low-dose radioactive exposures. The involvement of ROS in these processes was demonstrated.


ABSTRACT This study systematically investigates the effect of microcracking on the shrinkage performance and durability of cement-treated macadam (CTM). Microcracks formed in the early stage of microcracking can reduce reflection cracks generated in semi-rigid base asphalt pavements. The shrinkage characteristics and durability of CTM after microcracking are important to consider in the engineering of the CTM base. In this study, indoor shrinkage tests were conducted on the prepared specimens in ten working conditions, and finite element analysis of the water loss shrinkage of the microcracked CTM was conducted using a cohesive zone model (CZM). The CTM durability after early microcracking was analyzed and evaluated through fatigue tests and freeze–thaw cycle tests. The results showed that the drying shrinkage strain and temperature contraction coefficient of the CTM could be effectively reduced by microcracking. The fatigue life of the CTM decreased with 50% microcracking, but was still within the service requirement. Taking the 104 Chinese road reconstruction project as the research background, microcracking should be conducted 35 d before the freezing period to avoid significantly affecting the frost resistance of the CTM base. This study provides a theoretical basis for the promotion and application of microcracking techniques in practical engineering.


In this project, narrative was constructed by Grade 5 students using learning technologies (cameras, computers and multimedia software) through three-dimensional cartoon animations, or "claymation", and the creativity that emerged was at times startling. Narrative need not be interpreted narrowly and monomodally. It emerged that narrative can be constructed with far more than words. When narrative text produced by students used multiple modes of representation, including images, animations and sounds, many things changed. There is some evidence from previous studies that indicates that creativity is enhanced with the crossing from one representational mode to another, and the current project also found that to be true. In addition, it became clear that the experience of constructing the animations enhanced the way that the students understood the nuances of multimodal texts and made the producers more critical consumers.


FEEDING INFLUENCES ADIPOSE TISSUE RESPONSES TO EXERCISE IN 1 OVERWEIGHT MEN 2 3 Running Head: Dietary status affects acute adipose responses to exercise 4 5 Yung-Chih Chen, Rebecca L. Travers, Jean-Philippe Walhin, Javier T. Gonzalez, 6 Francoise Koumanov, James A. Betts and Dylan Thompson. 7 8 1 Department for Health, University of Bath, United Kingdom 9 10 Corresponding author: 11 Professor Dylan Thompson 12 Department for Health 13 University of Bath 14 Bath, BA2 7AY 15 Email: email@example.com 16 17 Articles in PresS. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab (March 14, 2017). doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00006.2017


This article evaluates two basic issues about dockets and case outcomes in American appellate courts. First, what determines the extent to which a court devotes its docket to civil cases involving asymmetrical power relationships between litigants? Second, in civil cases in which the "have-nots" are pitted against the "haves," which forces determine the extent to which courts favor the less privileged? To answer these questions, we identify power asymmetric civil cases and the size of each court's docket by examining all 6,750 cases decided in state supreme courts in 1996. Results reveal that contextual factors are formidable in shaping both agenda space and win rates in civil disputes involving conflicts between advantaged and disadvantaged litigants. Institutional features of supreme courts and state court systems, the supply of legal resources, and public preferences all emerge as critical influences on the willingness of the states' highest courts to decide have/have not conflicts and on the ultimate disposition of these cases. In sum, a comprehensive understanding of the ways in which courts treat cases involving the disadvantaged and, more broadly, function as agents of redistributive change cannot be achieved without focusing beyond the ideological preferences of judges and the skill of the litigants. In this article, we ask two basic questions about court dockets and case outcomes. First, we ask which forces influence how much of court dockets involve asymmetrical power relationships between litigants. Second, in civil cases where the "have-nots" are pitted against the "haves," what forces shape the extent to which courts favor the less privileged? The context within which we examine these important questions is state supreme courts. Basically, we argue that some of the confusion among scholars about the ability of courts to serve as agents of redistributive change is the direct result of the case study approach dominating the literature. As it stands, and though there are obvious exceptions, much of the existing work focuses upon single institutions, an approach that precludes a direct systematic evaluation of the effects of institutional arrangements and other contextual forces on agenda-setting and decisionmaking in courts. A comparative cross-sectional research design based in the American states overcomes these limitations. Generally, and consistently with previous research, we posit that the most fundamental functions of courts are structured by the circumstances under which the courts operate, in addition to the preferences of the judges deciding the cases and the law governing the disputes. If we identify these forces and provide a strategy for testing their effects in comprehensive models, we will be able to reconcile previous contradictory findings and construct more satisfactory theories of judicial politics. In this particular case, we can improve our understanding of the ways in which courts allocate space on their dockets among competing groups and allocate resources through their decisions, producing a more refined understanding of the essential role of courts in the political marketplace. In this endeavor, we assume that the factors determining the proportion of cases on dockets involving power asymmetries also determine win rates for the disadvantaged in these cases. This assumption is well grounded in the literature. Both scholars and sitting judges have observed the close connection between deciding to decide and final outcomes. For example, Justice William Brennan (1983: 177) described the agenda-setting process and decision process as "inseparable" and "inextricably linked." Similarly, scholars have noted that "the factors that govern the selection of cases and the construction of the annual agenda are closely tied to the factors that explain the justices' decisions on the merits of the cases" (Pacelle 1995: 251). Thus, in our discussion, we consider both the agenda stage and decision stage of the judicial process, examining the effects of the same set of independent variables at both stages. …


Navigation systems for drivers tend to vocalize what they want, when they want. Drivers who need to clarify instructions are often required to read directions in text form, which is a safety risk during real-time control. Instead, we investigate how a two-way-audio command interface might work. Data is easily extracted from text directions so that questions can be answered without knowledge of the GPS location, as long as the system is aware of the most recently vocalized directional cue (and elapsed time since last utterance). Functions envisioned are as simple as scrolling forward or back through the directions, spelling names or pronouncing differently, repeating the road name or directional change, and saying what is next on command. The queries require modest data extraction with potentially great improvement in usability. Queries may further refer to time and the results of some intermittent internet search, but do not attempt to interpret 2d map data. This project is ongoing, and the contribution includes a novel design architecture that puts a second AI assistant in the co-pilot's seat. This design provides domain-specific memory and vocalization assistance on top of the navigational assistance already familiar to the driver: voice AI (vAI) for improved voice UI (vUI). It aims more for a smart TiVo than co-pilot Siri. When navigation assistance and two-way audio dialogue are provided by the same vendor, the audio recognition and current location errors can be significantly reduced, but the current design is intended as a third-party intervention, adding assistance where the original product is lacking and possibly creating pressure for their products to improve.


Much of the earlier work on rural safety focused on state-maintained roadways and little is known about the safety performance of low-volume county-maintained roads. This study involved the estimation of safety performance for rural county roadways (paved and gravel). This was accomplished through the development of safety performance functions (SPFs) to estimate the number of annual crashes at a given highway segment, crash modification factors to determine the impacts associated with various roadway and geometric characteristics, and severity distribution functions (SDFs) to predict the crash severity. County road segment data were collected across a sample of 30 counties representing all regions of Michigan. Because of the overwhelming proportion of deer crashes, only non-deer-related crashes were considered. To minimize the influence of variability among counties, the random effect negative binomial model was used to develop SPFs. In addition, a multinomial logit model was used to develop SDFs. Paved county roadways showed approximately double the crash occurrence rate of typical state-maintained two-lane rural highways, and gravel roadways showed a substantially greater crash occurrence rate than paved county roadways across the equivalent range of traffic volumes. The economic analysis showed that it is beneficial to pave a gravel road when the traffic volume is greater than 600 vehicles per day. The random effect variable is significant in all the calibrated models, which shows that there is a considerable variability among counties that cannot be captured with the available variables. Not considering the random effects will result in biased estimation of crashes.


The clinical reports of laryngologists on the surgery of papilloma of the larynx give evidence that the methods in practice have not reached that stage of perfection which warrants standardization of technic. In fact, laryngeal pathology in this line is in a rather confused state. Ideal results cannot be claimed for any particular method. It would appear that we have hitherto been satisfied with restoration of the respiratory function with more or less imperfect phonation. Our attention has been directed to this work by observation of results achieved in urology in the treatment of papilloma of the bladder, certainly a comparable type of surgery, and presenting similar problems. The pathology and natural history of papilloma of the bladder has been thoroughly studied and the treatment standardized in an exemplary manner. This ideal is eradication without perceptible trauma or scar formation. Dermatologists treat skin neoplasms of similar nature with like precision,


OBJECTIVE
The aims of this study were to analyze the cavernosal tissue metabolic status of patients with vascular and psychogenic impotence and attempt to establish metabolic differences between these types of erectile dysfunction.

METHODS
103 patients were classified according to the type of erectile dysfunction into group A (vascular) and group B (psychogenic). Diagnosis was based on clinical history, physical examination, intracavernosal injection test, penile echo-doppler assessment, cavernosography-cavernosometry and nocturnal penile test. Cavernosal and peripheral venous blood samples were obtained from each patient and the lipoperoxide (LPO) levels and total antioxidant status (TAS) were determined. SPSS V9.0 was used for the statistical analysis.

RESULTS
The mean age was 62 years (range 32-73). Cavernosal blood lipoperoxide levels were statistically higher (p < 0.05) in patients with vascular impotence (2.45 mumol/L) than in those with psychogenic impotence (1.47 mumol/L). Cavernosal blood total antioxidant status was statistically higher (p < 0.05) in patients with psychogenic (1.40 mmol/L) than those with vascular impotence (1.10 mmol/L). The lipoperoxide levels and total antioxidant status for peripheral blood were 1.68 mumol/L vs 1.60 mumol/L and 1.29 mmol/L vs 1.35 mmol/L, respectively, with no statistically significant differences between both groups.

CONCLUSIONS
Cavernosal blood lipoperoxide levels and total antioxidant status can be an indicator of cavernosal tissue metabolic status and function.


In the course of amalgamation of nationalities in the periods of Western Eastern Jin Dynarties and Southern Northern Dynarties, myth played a critical role in such a campaign. The author holds that the recognotion of Chinese myth is the basis for the amalgamation of the nationalities in the north into the family of Chinese nation. The common imperial mode of myth, the common sacrificial rites, the recognition of the common ancestor-All these mark the convergence of the nationalities in the north and their political power with the subject.


Cross polarization jamming technique is used to induce angular error in monopulse radar. Amplitude comparison monopulse radar is capable of measuring angle in two directions within a single pulse by comparing amplitude levels acquired from four sub beams' signals. The polarization of the waves attained by the receive antenna significantly effects the measurement capability of monopulse radar. In this paper, we analyze the relationship between the ratio of jammer antenna's cross polarization to copolarization and the angular error occuring in angular tracking of monopulse radar caused by the jamming operation. The minimum ratio satisfying the efficient angular jamming is determined after simulations. The dependency of that ratio to the radar receive antenna's polarization purity and transmit antenna's beamwidth is presented.