Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is a semi-crystalline polymer with excellent strength, impact resistance, and abrasion resistance. These mechanical properties have led to extensive use of UHMWPE as a bearing material in total joint replacements. In order to accurately capture the experimentally observed response of this important polymer we have developed a new advanced material model—the Hybrid Model (HM). This constitutive model is physically motivated and based on a decomposition of the deformation gradient into elastic and viscoplastic components. The elastic response of the underlying molecular network is captured using the eightchain hyperelastic model, and the viscoplastic response is represented using energy activated flow driven by the molecular reorganization that occurs during large deformations. The constitutive theory for the HM has been implemented as a user-material model (UMAT) for ls971 and is available for both explicit and implicit simulations. For optimal accuracy and numerical efficiency the UMAT uses a forward Euler integration scheme for explicit simulations, and a higher order backward differentiation formula (BDF) method for implicit simulations. The HM was calibrated to data from uniaxial tension experiments performed at different strain rates and with different loading-unloading segments. For validation, the calibrated HM was then used to simulate a small punch test. A direct comparison between the experimental data and model predictions of the calibration and validation data demonstrate that the HM accurately captures the non-linear response of UHMWPE. The ability to simulate large-scale contact problems was examined by simulating the deformation behavior of a total knee replacement component and the CharitéTM artificial discs. Session # 9 th International LS-DYNA Users Conference


This paper discusses ruin probability in compound renewal risk model. On the assumption that the claims size belongs to the heavy-tailed class, we get a desired tail-equivalence relationship of ruin probability, which is surprisingly in accordance with that proved in classical Cramer-Lundberg model.


Food prices Throughout 1964 the free market price of sugar has fallen continuously from the very high level that was reached in the closing months of 1963. It became clear fairly early in 1964 that the acute shortage of sugar was coming to an end. Good beet crops in the consuming countries, in both western and eastern Europe, have led to a situation where there will be a surplus of sugar in 1965, after three years when there was a shortfall. Prices are therefore likely to remain low in 1965, though clearly at around 3 cents per lb., the scope for further falls is limited. But the average price in 1965 will be much lower than the average for 1964. Cocoa prices have remained rather low throughout 1964. The Cocoa Producers' Alliance has been active in trying to raise them but has not had much success. The measures taken by the Alliance include the fixing and subsequent reduction of export quotas, and the destruction of some stocks. It is possible that the 1964/65 crops will exceed those of 1963/64, which themselves exceeded consumption by about 20 thousand tons. The large manufacturers have been running down their stocks so that there should be a short-term revival in demand soon ; but in view of the record crops in prospect any effect on prices may be shortlived.


Introduction: Quality of life is a state of general satisfaction and a subjective feeling of physical, psychological and social well -being. However, sedentary older adults have a deficit in their self-care, which is implicated in their quality of life. Objective: know the quality of life of the elderly with sedentary lifestyle of the Xochitlán nucleus, Progress of Obregón Hidalgo. Methodology: Basic applicability research, a quantitative approach with a descriptive scope level, with a non-experimental, cross-sectional and retrospective type design, with a sample of 13 participants, the WHOQOL-BREF instrument was applied with a Cronbach alpha coefficient of 0.70. Result: Most of the population is 65 years old, with a result of 23.1%, 100% belongs to the female gender and for chronic diseases that older adults present, 61, 5% belongs to hypertension, 15.4% is attributed to diabetes mellitus and 23.1% to the absence of disease, in terms of quality of life 100% of the population has a regular quality of life. Conclusions: The older adults studied have a regular quality of life due to the fact that they become sedentary, and this has an unfavorable impact on the quality of life.


A kind of three-dimension molecular module was developed with Flash.The characteristics of Flash were introduced.Thedetails of making 3-dimension molecular module were discussed,and source code was provided.The software developed was shown tobe in small size,can be operated in many ways,and was suitable for CAI courseware making,network CAI and other fields.


Coulomb driven, magneto-optically induced electron and hole bound states from a series of heavily doped GaAs/Al 0.3 Ga 0.7 As single heterojunctions (SHJ) are revealed in high magnetic fields. At low magnetic fields ({nu} >2), the photohuninescence spectra display Shubnikov de-Haas type oscillations associated with the empty second subband transition. In the regime of the Landau filling factor {nu} <1 and 1< {nu} <2, we found strong bound states due to Mott type Vocalizations. Since a SHJ has an open valence band structure, these bound states area unique property of the dynamic movement of the valence holes in strong magnetic fields.


Abstract : FAA Air Traffic Control Handbook 7110.65B was reviewed on a paragraph by paragraph basis to identify those changes considered necessary to more efficiently accommodate helicopters in the Air Traffic Control System. As a result of this review, specific proposed changes are set forth in this report. An HAA(HAI) special ATC study working group was established by the HAA program manager to assist in the conduct of the project, and various direct industry contacts were held to solicit inputs. Keywords: Helicopter, Visual Flight Rules (VFR), Helicopter Special VFR (HSVFR), Fixed Wing Special VFR (FW/FVFR).


This paper examines the predictions made by Chinese, Muslim and Jesuit astronomers of the eclipse of 21 June 1629 in Beijing, allegedly the event that determined Emperor Chongzhen's resolution to reform the calendar using the Western method. In order to establish the accuracy of these predictions, as reported at the time by the Chinese scholar and convert Xu Guangqi, we have compared them with an accurate reconstruction of the eclipse made at NASA. In contrast with current opinions, we argue that the prediction made by the Jesuits was indeed the most accurate. It was in fact instrumental in dissipating Chongzhen's doubts about the need to entrust Jesuit missionaries serving at the Chinese court with the task of reforming the calendar, leading to the first important scientific collaboration between Europe and China.


OBJECTIVE To obtain the optimal extraction process of volatile oil of Cavblin Potchouli Herb in Qingre Quwen Granules.METHODS Taking the rate of volatile oil and the ratio of emulsification as Investigation targets by Orthogonal Design for optimizing the optimal extraction process of volatile oil of Cavblin Potchouli Herb.To investigate the effect factor of volatile oil and obtain the optimal extraction process.RESULTS The optimal extraction process is:to use water to soak the crude drugs cut into fragments for 2 hours then extract 4 hours and the water amount is 6 times.CONCLUSION The optimal extraction process is feasibility and able to adapt the industrial production.


'many worlds' is a short narrative live-action film written and directed so as to provide four optional linear routes through the plot and four endings. At two points during the fifteen minute film, decisions are made based on audience biosignals as to which plot route to take. The use of biosignals is to allow the audience to remain immersed in the film, rather than explicitly selecting plot direction, as done in most interactive films. Four audience members have a bio-signal measured, one sensor for each person: ECG (heart rate), EMG (muscle tension), EEG ("brain waves") and Galvanic Skin Response (perspiration). The four are interpreted into a single average of emotional arousal. This is used to decide which route to select at each of the two plot selection points. The film starts with a binaural soundscape composed to relax the audience, and depending on which clip is selected at the decision points, a different soundtrack is played under the visual action as well. 'many worlds' is the first live action linear plotted film to be screened in a cinema in front of the general public which utilizes the above reactive approach.


Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare, genetic disorder featured with dysfunctional motility of cilia. Clinical presentations of PCD include situs inversus, repeated respiratory tract infections, otitis media, sinusitis and infertility. This study aims to provide clinical strategies on diagnosis and treatment of PCD.


The invention relates to a light emitting diode assembly and especially relates to a LED chip structure possessing a nickel indium tin oxide spin electron injection layer. The chip structure of a current gallium nitride system light emitting diode is easy to cause low light extraction efficiency of the light emitting diode and a short service life. By using the structure of the invention, the above problems can be solved. The LED chip structure possessing a nickel indium tin oxide spin electron injection layer comprises a sapphire substrate, a N-type gallium nitride epitaxial layer, a multilayer quantum well indium gallium nitride/gallium nitride active layer, a P-type gallium nitride epitaxial layer, a negative electrode metal level, a positive electrode metal level, a indium tin oxide transparency conducting layer and a nickel nanoparticle layer. The N-type gallium nitride epitaxial layer is stacked on the sapphire substrate. The LED chip structure is based on the brand new structure and is suitable for manufacturing the light emitting diode.


A shelled shrimp expanding egg is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials by weight: 100-120 parts of shelled freshwater shrimp, 20-30 parts of leek, 80-100 parts of egg, 20-25 parts of black glutinous rice, 30-40 parts of low-gluten flour, 10-15 parts of milk powder, 15-20 parts of Chinese toon head, 10-12 parts of sweet scented osmanthus petal, 28-35 parts of rice bran oil, 8-10 parts of aloe fruit grain, 12-16 parts of salt, 5-7 parts of matcha, 10-12 parts of pepper powder, 4-6 parts of, an auxiliary and 100-150 parts of water; the shelled shrimp cake is mixed with the egg, low-gluten flour, black glutinous rice powder and other materials, the dominant taste of the finished product is the taste of the shelled shrimp, the flour, rice powder and the milk powder are dri-fried to burnt before adding, so that the finished product is more delicious and fully fragrant; the egg is mixed for using the binding property of the egg, so that the prepared shelled shrimp cake is sufficient in quantity and taste delicious; the situation that shelled shrimp cake in the prior art which is prepared from pure shelled shrimp, is delicious, but cannot satisfy the appetite can be changed, delicacy of the shelled shrimp can be maintained, and the shelled shrimp sufficient in quantity can be used as snacks, main food and even can be put into soup; the Chinese toon head is first coked in boiled water, and then is squeezed after water is dried; the prepared finished product is more easy to store, the low moisture content Chinese toon head is pore brittle, and the prepared finished product is consistent with the public taste.


As hospitals become increasingly dependent on information systems to deliver patient care, it is essential that clinical engineers and information technology personnel collaborate effectively to implement and maintain network-reliant medical devices. In an effort to learn more about how hospitals delegate technical responsibilities between clinical engineering and information technology staff and best practices for cooperation between these departments, a sample of the Food and Drug Administration's MedSun (Medical Product Safety Network) participating facilities were asked to share their experiences on the subject.


We extend the notion of a scalar field to that of a field Φ(Xμ(σ)) so that the space-time point Xμ(σ) depends on a parameter . A straightforward generalization of the interaction is considered (viz...


Syngeneic mice were immunized to a methylcholanthrene‐induced tumor, and immunity was demonstrated by the failure of cell suspensions of the tumor to grow when inoculated intramuscularly. Identical cell suspensions inoculated intravenously, however, produced pulmonary tumors in all immunized animals. Intravenous inoculations of blood containing circulating tumor cells obtained from donor mice bearing the same tumor produced identical numbers of pulmonary tumors in immunized and unimmunized animals. Thus, in this well‐studied experimental model, specific immune inhibition of tumor growth as conventionally assessed was not reflected in destruction of cell suspensions of the tumor or circulating tumor cells shed from the tumor when these cells are injected into the circulatory system.


It gives me great pleasure to announce that the winner of the 2011 Journal of Orthodontics Scientific Paper of the Year Prize (sponsored by Maney Publishing) is 'Is early class III protraction facemask treatment effective? A multicentre, randomized, controlled trial: 15month follow-up', J Orthod 2010; 37: 149–61, by Nicky Mandall, Andrew DiBiase, Simon Littlewood, Spencer Nute, Nadia Stivaros, Ross McDowall, Inderjit Shargill, Helen Worthington, Richard Cousley, Fiona Dyer, Rye Mattick and Barbara Doherty. The prize is determined by a vote of the Editorial Board of the Journal. We would like to take this opportunity to publically congratulate the authors on this achievement. Journal of Orthodontics, Vol. 38, 2011, 162


Characteristics of cervical metastasis after excision of only primary lesion in cancer of the tongue were investigated from clinical and histological findings. Metastasis after treatment was found in 5 out of 16 cases which showed no local recurrence more than one year after excision of only primary lesion. Four of these five cases were clinically small in size (T1:4, T2:1) and endophytic in growth pattern. On the other hand, they were histologically of a tendency of low grade differentiation and high grade nuclear-atypia. The most interesting finding was that these cases all showed diffuse invasion in the tumor-host borderline. These cases were classified into three of grade 4 C and two of grade 4 D in the mode of tumor invasion by modified Jacobsson's criteria (Yamamoto & Kohama, 1982). Duration from the time of primary tumor excision to that of palpation of cervical metastasis was 6-20 months. Size of metastatic tumor ranged from 20 to 80 mm in diameter. Number of metastatic nodes was 1 in three cases, 3 and 7 in one case each. Location of nodes were level 1 and 2 in level of involvement proposed by the UICC. The control of these metastases was not so easy and resulted in bad survival rate (tumor-free survival: 2/5, 40%). Therefore for these cases strict follow up at least for one year and in some situations, prophylactic neck dissection would be recommended.


The present invention relates to a safety pen needle structure for preventing reuse. The present invention relates to a safety pen needle structure for preventing reuse (100) which comprises: a body (110) which is formed to have an upper side connected to a contents discharging part of a syringe cartridge, has a spring mounting space part (113) in which a spring bottom side supporting protrusion (113a) is formed at the bottom side end, and has an outer wall part (115) which has a smaller internal diameter (d) than width of the spring mounting space part (113) at the bottom side of the spring mounting space part (113); a rotary extension spring (130) which has the upper side part (131) combined to the upper side of the spring mounting space (113), and has an external diameter which gradually increases toward the bottom end of the upper side part (131); and a safety cover (140) which is inserted at the outer wall part (115) and combined to move upwardly and downwardly, and is combined to make a needle (150) accommodated at the inside thereof in an initial state.


Target pairing in the formation air combat makes fighter pilots choose the opponent with more rationality and certainty.A optimal method to pair targets is established in this paper,in which the threat factors of targets are first identified,the weights to the threat degree are determined by using the analytic hierarchy process(AHP),and the function of target pairing is then constructed as an optimization model.To illustrate the approach,several examples have been set with different performance fighters.The results correspond with the general rule and show that the method is simple and dependable.


Data on tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) therapy for preventing vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in the real‐world setting are limited.


An eye-tracking and questionnaire study was set up in collaboration with the Van Abbemuseum (Eindhoven, The Netherlands) to investigate the perception and appreciation of three Frank Stella paintings from the 60s (Tuxedo Park Junction and Effingham I from the collection of the museum and a hand-painted replica of Hiraqla Variation II). Effingham and Hiraqla were shown next to a printed copy without fluorescent colors, for a direct comparison between the two versions. The main purpose of the study was to assess whether the works were experienced according to Stella's prescriptions as defined in his Modernist 'logic': all-overness, flatness, instantaneousness and self-referentiality. We found that the perception of Tuxedo resulted in a well-structured, coherent heatmap, while a more or less even distribution of fixations over the surface was found in the case of Effingham and Hiraqla (and their copies), which indicates that Stella's target of all-overness was achieved better in the last two works. Although Stella claimed to have created "flat and frontal" paintings, depth was experienced, especially in Tuxedo and the Hiraqla replica. In the latter, this was mainly caused by the protruding fluorescent colors. Also, in this work more fixations were found in fluorescent-colored areas when corrected for area size. No such effect was found in the original Effingham painting. Most participants found only Effingham to be instantaneously capturable. In the case of Tuxedo, the specific material qualities, like alkyd and open canvas, were rarely recognized, which undermines Stella's aim for self-referentiality. Participants noticed the fluorescent effect in the Hiraqla replica, but they did not mention other material qualities. A reverse effect was found for Effingham.


WHEN the 17th-century microscopist Anton van Leeuwenhoek looked down his microscope at pond water, he became the first human to see rotifers tiny animals with thrashing cilia that flail so rapidly the rotifers spin like rotating wheels. Although van Leeuwenhoek was struck by their beauty and elegance, he did not suspect that some species of rotifer hold the world record for sexual abstinence. They have been celibate for the past 70 million years, a period of suppressed desire that even the American religious right might find daunting.


It is shown that for an isolated resonance in a multichannel problem the sum of the eigenphases delta/sub n/ satisfies the usual formula appropriate for the elastic phase shift: ..sigma../sub n/delta/sub n/ = ..delta../sup 0/ + tan/sup -1/ (GAMMA/2(E/sub 0/ - E)). The parameter GAMMA is the total width of the resonance.


Background: Sepsis is an issue of globular health care, characterized by complete inflammation of the body in response to microbial infection, which results in organ malfunction. This becomes a chronic patient complication. Therefore, sepsis may be a diverse and combined disease with varying etiology, severity, and treatment plan. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the existence of exposure and the resistance of microorganisms to the range of antibiotics in subjects of the local community. Results: Among 11 species of bacteria isolated from a variety of specimens, Escherichia coli (22.1%) and Staphylococcus aureus (20.3%) were the most common organism found over the subjects had been collected. The most sensitive antibiotics for Gram-negative E. coli were colistin 97%, imipenem 89%, meropenem 88%, and amikacin 79%, while the highest resistant rate was benzylpenicillin 93%, and oxacillin 86%. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) prevalence was 90%, vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA) 31%. Conclusion: Because of the high incidence of VRSA and MRSA, clinicians should become more vigilant in using vancomycin and another important antibiotic. Moreover, maintain this useful drug to be used for a prolonged time with good efficacy.


If I ⊆ R is an interval, a ∈ I and f : I → R is n 1 times differentiable on I , then, in view of Taylor's theorem, there exists a function c : I → I such that, for each x ∈ I, f (x) = n−1 ∑ k=0 f (k) (a) k! (x−a) + f (n) (c(x)) n! (x−a) . In this paper we study the behaviour of the derivatives c(p) and θ (p) of the functions c and θ , respectively, when x approaches a, where θ : I →]0,1[ is defined by θ (x) = (c(x)−a)/(x−a) , if x ∈ I\{a} and θ (a) = 1/(n+1) . Mathematics subject classification (2000): 26A24.


A solvent-free sample introduction method for supercritical fluid chromatography that uses polymer coated fused silica fibers results in very stable baseline and high efficiency separations. The method has two steps: first, a fiber is exposed to a prepared mixture of target analytes or a sample so that the polymeric coating absorbs analytes, and second, the fiber is placed inside a piece of tubing connected to the column of a supercritical fluid chromatograph. The supercritical fluid carrier extracts analytes from the coating and transfers them onto the head of the column. Pressure programmed separation follows. The method was tested on high molecular weight and polar analytes using 100 and 50 μm i.d. capillary columns. Fibers with a polydimethylsiloxane coating were used to extract hydrophobic analytes, and fibers with a polyacrylate coating were used to extract more polar compounds.


With the advances in the high-tech knowledge and service industries, along with a high-flying economy, the industrial structures of many cities have changed. The subject of the successful cases of dimensional integrated complexes in Roppongi Hills, the actions and preferences of these complexes'users were surveyed and analyzed in this study to determine the factors that contribute to the success or failure of such development projects. The results of the survey that was conducted in this study regarding the satisfaction of the residents of Roppongi Hills with such complexes will be considered in the formulation of a construction plan and will be used as base data for designing a large-scale dimensional integrated complex in Korea.


The participation level of the construction-work provider tender within the Ministry of Finance did not reach the target. In 2017, the expected participation index was 5, but it was only 4.5 in reality. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that influence provider's decision whether to submit tender or not, in the context of construction work within the Ministry of Finance. This study used a survey method with questionnaire, that previously validated using content validity technique, as the data collection instrument. This study found 10 factors that mostly influence providers whether to submit tender or not, in the context of construction work within the Ministry of Finance, i.e.: the labor/equipment availability, documents completeness, tender requirements compliance, accessibility to project site/location, hazard/security level, construction method, project location, tax liability, project site/site condition, and tender duration. It suggested that if the Ministry of Finance wishes to improve its participation index in the construction work auction, it is necessary to pay more attention to these factors when planning, preparing, and implementing procurement process.


The notion of a single hierarchy or multiple hierarchies based on purity and pollution is inadequate to address the reality of caste in India. It fails to recognize the inequality of castes founded on unequal access to land and political power, and the consequent exploitation of the lower castes by the higher castes that was intrinsic to the system. Alternatively, it is argued that the status of a caste in the caste system was determined above all by its access to land, which also carried with it political power and social honour.


In this article, I am going to speak, not very formally, of work I. M. Gelfand and I have done on so-called completely integrable equations arising from the "Lax pairs" of almost commutative differential operators. I must apologize for the somewhat autobiographical character of these remarks. I first met Gelfand in 1947-48 when 1, as a student, attended his famous seminar. Soon afterward, he gave me a topic for my graduation thesis: the Poincark group representations. This work remained unpublished because a similar paper by Mackey appeared. After my graduation from Moscow University, I ceased to be a formal pupil of Gelfand and did not work together with him. However, I continued to visit his seminar, which formed my mathematical personality as well as those of many dozens of other young mathematicians. I n 1953,l was highly impressed by a paper by Gelfand and Levitan to the following effect.' Let us consider the eigenvalue problem Ly = -y" + qy = Ay;y(O) = y(r) = 0; So'qd.: = 0. We have an asymptotic, A, = n2 + O(n-2). Gelfand and Levitan asserted that Z(A, n 2 ) = [q(O) + q(r)] /4 . The following interpretation and proof of this identity occurred to me. The traces of the operator L in two bases, { y , , ( x ) } , wherey, are the eigenfunctions, and { j , ( x ) } , where j , , = sin nx are the eigenfunctions of i = -d2/dx2, must coincide. These traces do not exist, of course, but the difference between two partial traces, tr,L = Zy(Ly,,, y,) and trNL = Zr(Lp,, p,), tends to zero when N m, which can be shown by an estimation. On the other hand, (Lj", 9,) = n 2 * I cos 2 r x x q(x)dx and the Fourier coefficients are easily summable. I dwell on this question at length since this was my first published work, a two-page note in Uspekhi Mutemuticheskikh Nuuk. I continued to work in the same direction as Gelfand and independently of him, although the choice of my methods was essentially influenced by a paper by Minakshi-Sundharam pointed out to me by Gelfand. I tried to obtain the higher identities for traces, Z(A2 n4 . . ) etc. To this end, I considered the zeta function of a differential operator, Z ( s ) = ZA;". The series converges for Re s > '/2 and can be analytically prolonged to the whole s-plane. This function is the trace of the fractional power of L, L-'. I compared the fractional powers of L and i. I had the following fruitful idea. Using the commutation rules, it is possible to rearrange the terms in an expression for L" ( n is natural) in such a way that L" will have the form L" = a2" + A2(nr x)dZn' + A,(n, x)a2"' + . . ., where the coefficients Ai are differential polynomials in u ( x ) and the polynomials in n. Let us formally substitute s for n:


To identify the definition for urinary continence (UC) after radical prostatectomy (RP) which reflects best patients' perception of quality of life (QoL).


A fully-integrated digital low-IF DVB-S/DVB-S2 satellite TV tuner was realized in 0.13 μm CMOS. It uses a first analog down-conversion to a sliding low-IF, followed by digitization, a second digital mixing to baseband and digital channel selection. Performing more signal processing in the digital domain lead to a relaxation of the RF front-end specifications, allowing its CMOS implementation. The digital low-IF architecture provides a digital power estimation and allows the use of a discrete-step AGC loop that results in a lower noise and linearity degradation in comparison with continuous AGC loops. Digital calibration is used throughout the DVB tuner, minimizing the gain variation over corners and relaxing the noise and linearity constraints. Partitioning the DVB-S2 receiver into a front-end tuner IC built in a mixed-signal CMOS process and a back-end demodulator and MPEG processor IC implemented in a straight digital CMOS process minimizes the receiver cost


The Xikundu fishway, in the Luvuvhu River near Thohoyandou, was monitored for 23 months in 2004–2006. Adults and juveniles of 60% of the expected fish species were collected in the fishway, and two major upstream migrations occurred. Most Labeo and Chiloglanis species migrated in late summer and autumn, possibly to seek refugia, whereas Barbus and Labeobarbus species moved upstream in spring, possibly for spawning. There were strong diel differences in upstream movement, with most species moving at night, as well as interannual variation among species, possibly reflecting differing recruitment. Although some fish moved both up- and downstream through the fishway, the fishway functioned poorly, as significantly higher numbers of fish were only occasionally able to ascend the full length of the fishway when its discharge and turbulence were low (>70 W m−3). Further experimental research on appropriate turbulence, water velocity and fishway design for South African fishes is recommended. For future field evaluation, sampling of the population immediately downstream of the weir and fishway is recommended to enable a more quantitative evaluation.


Stable nitroxyl radicals are important tools in chemistry, biophysics, biology, and materials science. Their stability and the sensitivity of their EPR spectra to the local environment make them valuable molecular probes. This review seeks to give an overview of the developments in the field of nitroxide spin probes and their various applications, with the main focus on the pH-sensitive imidazoline nitroxide family.


The securities of assets has been paid a lot of attention in China in recent years, and the primitive exploration has been carried out. It is important and significant to carry out the securities of assets in China under the relevant conditions. Striving to overcome the obstacles is needed to get a great prospect.


The Hurthle cells originally described in 1894 by Karl Hurthle, are considered to represent ultimobranchial body–derived parafollicular cells. The oncocytic cells that we now consider to be the follicular-derived Hurthle cells were actually described by Askanazy in 1898.They are large, polygonal cells with marked eosinophilic, granular cytoplasm reflective of overly abundant mitochondria. These cells commonly occur in nodular goiters and dominant adenomatous or hyperplastic nodules. The differential diagnosis of Hurthle cell lesions is quite broad. There are significant controversies with regard to optimal management of patients with Hürthle cell carcinoma. This review provides an overview of studies to distinguish benign from malignant Hürthle cell lesions. Correspondence to: Patrizia Straccia, Division of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Foundation "Agostino Gemelli" University Hospital, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; Tel: +3906-3015-4433; Fax: +39-06-3015-7008; E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Received: September 30, 2017; Accepted: October 25, 2017; Published: October 30, 2017 Introduction In 1894, Karl Hurthle described an intrafollicular cell of the thyroid gland found in normal canines, while acknowledging that Baber had previously described this same cell in other laboratory animals. What Hurthle described, however, were the parafollicular C cells, not those now associated with his name.The cell now known as the HC was actually described in 1898 by Max Askanazy in patients with Graves' disease [1]. Hurthle cells (HCs) and its changes (oncocytes/oncocytic or "oxyphils/oxyphilic change) are often described on fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of thyroid lesions. They are large, polygonal cells with marked eosinophilic, granular cytoplasm with abundant mitochondria (up to 5,000 mitochondria). The accumulation of mitochondria has been reported to be a result of alterations in the mitochondrial DNA encoding for mitochondrial enzymes, leading to proliferation through stimulation of transcription factors encoded by the nucleus [2,3]. Hürthle cells can be observed in benign and malignant conditions of the thyroid gland. The mechanism behind mitochondrial abundance in these conditions is not completely understood; however, it is likely a reflection of excessive mitochondrial proliferation and/or mitophagy. It was believed that the Hurthle cell is a result of senescent change because they are more commonly seen in older individuals. They show limited thyroglobulin production and contain high levels of oxidative enzymes [4-7]. Hurthle cells in Thyroid Pathology Hurthle cells may be present in nonneoplastic lesions (multinodular goiter, nodular hyperplasia, lymphocytic thyroiditis, and Graves disease) in patients who have received radiotherapy or chemotherapy, and in all types of benign or malignant neoplasms (including follicular adenoma, follicular carcinoma, follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma and Hurthle cell carcinoma) [8]. The histologic distinction between adenoma and carcinoma can generally only be definitively made on histologic examination of a resection specimen; like other follicular lesions, it is determined by the presence or absence of capsular and/or vascular invasion, or metastasis to lymphnodes or distant organs and also hypoechogenicity, microcalcifications, internal vascularity, and nodules that are taller than wide, which are the hallmarks of HC carcinoma (HCC). Hemorrhage and necrosis also may be seen in lesions that have undergone preoperative fine-needle aspiration biopsy; massive infarction either spontaneously or following fine-needle aspiration biopsy has been reported in Hurthle cell tumors [9-11]. HCC was first described by Ewing in 1928 [12]; the incidence varies between 3 and 10 % in all thyroid nodules [13]. Hürthle cell cancer has the highest incidence of metastasis among the differentiated thyroid cancers. Metastasis usually occurs hematogenously, but lymph node metastasis is also not uncommon and typically involves the regional lymph nodes [14]. Recurrent Hürthle cell carcinomas are considered to be incurable. Mortality rates vary in different series, based on the staging systems used, which consider the patient's age, tumor size, extrathyroidal tumor spread, pathologic classification of the neoplasm (Hürthle cell carcinoma versus adenoma), and the therapeutic approach. All races appear to be affected equally. The mean age is usually 50-60 years, approximately 10 years older than the age associated with other types of differentiated thyroid cancers [15]. Tumor size is an important feature for biological behavior. A study found that a Hürthle tumor that is 4 cm or larger has an 80% chance of histologic evidence of malignancy [16], and in another study of 23 patients, the mean tumor size was significantly greater for carcinomas than adenomas [17]. Straccia P (2017) Hurthle cell in thyroid diseases Volume 1(4): 2-3 Histol Cytol Embryol, 2017 doi: 10.15761/HCE.1000119 Hurthle cells in Thyroid cytology The ability to distinguish benign from malignant HC lesions of the thyroid preoperatively is very important for the management of the nodules. Cytological atypia may include necrosis, nuclear pleomorphism/crowding, greater necrosis, nuclear pleomorphism/ crowding. According to the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) FNA diagnosis of a Hürthle cell neoplasm (HCN) can typically be classified as a follicular lesion (FLUS) or atypia of undetermined significance (AUS) with Hürthle cell features (AUS/ FLUS/Hürthle cell lesion of undetermined significance). The incidence of malignancy among nodules, which are cytologically suspicious for HCC, was found, by histopathology to range from 5 to 35 % [13]. In patients with a cytologic finding of AUS/FLUS, possible management strategies include repeat ultrasound-guided FNA (potentially paired with molecular testing) and close surveillance if the molecular testing is reassuring, or surgical excision for the purpose of definitive diagnosis. Molecular marker analysis in thyroid cytology has been studied predominantly in thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology. The commercial tests for which the most data are available in validation trials are the Afirma Gene Expression Classifier (GEC, mRNA expression of 167 genes), a 7-gene panel of genetic mutation and rearrangement testing and a newer multiplexed next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel examining .400 known drivers of oncogenesis in thyroid cancer (ThyroSeq). Molecular markers and immunohistochemistry (IHC) are promising tools in the preoperative diagnosis of HCC. Ki67 and cyclin D1 are expressed at higher levels in HC carcinomas than in HC adenoma. Bcl-2, on the other hand, is downregulated in HC carcinoma. Other markers examined by investigators include MIB1, p53, galectin, topoisomerase II, and laminin; but, none are definitive for discrimination between benign and malignant. Sheu et al. observed that carriers of the C allele of the common C825T polymorphism in guanine nucleotide binding protein 3 gene appear to have an increased risk of developing oncocytic thyroid tumors [18]. They propose that this polymorphism may be a factor favoring the development of oncocytic thyroid tumors. Maximo et al. have recently identified somatic missense mutations in GRIM19 in approximately 11% of sporadic Hurthle cell carcinomas. GRIM19 is believed to promote apoptosis as part of the interferon and retinoic acid induced pathway of cell death, is a negative regulator of cell growth, is involved in mitochondrial metabolism, and is linked in part to mitochondrial complex I assembly Interestingly GRIM19 is located at 19p13.2 [19]. Bonora et al. have found that there are variations in the inner mitochondrial membrane transporter TIMM44 in patients with oncocytic thyroid tumors [20]. All of these studies seem to indicate that there is a genetic predisposition to develop oncocytic thyroid tumors. Ras oncogene is frequently involved in the pathogenesis of Hürthle cell tumors. In papillary thyroid cancers and in many Hürthle cell tumors, RET rearrangements are found, while these are not found in follicular tumors. Local spread may be found in RETpositive cases; RETnegative cases, as in follicular cancer cases, are more likely to spread through the bloodstream to distant metastatic sites. In 2006, Maxwell et al reported that the Hürthle cell tumors with RET/PTC positive gene arrangement have higher incidence of regional metastatic disease [21]. An association also was found between overexpression of the p53 gene product and a subset of Hürthle cell carcinomas. Isolated studies indicate overexpression of the N-myc oncogene, tumor growth factor (TGF)-alpha, TGF-beta, insulinlike growth factor (IGF)-1, and somatostatin receptor in Hürthle cell carcinomas. Conclusion The presence of Hurthle cell change in a wide variety of thyroid lesions can be diagnostically challenging. However, accurate diagnosis can still be made with careful observation of the predominant cell population, nuclear features and whether there is abundant colloid or lymphocytes in the background. Molecular markers in neoplasms show mutations either in mitochondrial DNA or in non mitochondrial genes, that interact with mitochondrial function. In nonneoplastic conditions, this mitochondrial alteration likely reflects a cellular adaptation process related to mitochondrial adaptive homeostasis. To date, none have been definitively proven to be reliable. For now, because of the inability to determine the benign or malignant nature of such neoplasms based on molecular marker alone, a cytological approach followed by surgery is warranted.


Objective: To compare bone marrow biopsy needle (BMBN) with bone biopsy needle (BBN) in CT guided core biopsies considering size of core, diagnostic yield and cost of needles. Methodology: Retrospective study was done on 50 out of 68 patients re -ferred to Interventional Radiology department for CT guided bone biopsy from 2008 till 2013. Grading of specimen length was done as small, medium and large. Diagnostic yield was determined on basis of clinical, imaging and histopathology data. Local cost of both needle types was determined. Comparison was made and statistical analysis was performed. Results: Biopsy was performed by BBN in 16 patients and by BMBN in 34 patients. Overall diagnostic yield of bone biopsies was 82 % (41 of 50 biop-sies). Diagnostic yield with BMBN was 85 % and with BBN was 75 %. Overall longer specimen length was obtained using BMBN. Statistically, there was no significant difference between them in diagnostic yield and specimen length; however, BMBN costs almost one half than BBN. Conclusion: Diagnostic yield and sample length using bone marrow biopsy needle proved to be equivalent to bone biopsy needle. Bone marrow biopsy needle has an added benefit of being low in cost. Despite being a non-coaxial technique these needles can achieve diagnostic yield comparable to that of coaxial techniques as reported in past literature.


The article studied modern aspects of vaginal biotope and its correction in patients of reproductive age with genital herpes. Results of clinical trials were reviewed. Clinical and laboratory efficiency of complex anti-inflammatory treatment of patients with recurrent genital herpes have proved. It was found that the inclusion of drugs Depantol and Lavomax in the complex therapy reduced the treatment time and the recurrences number of genital herpes


A process for preparing orthohydroxymandelic acid and salt thereof, wherein the reacting glyoxylic acid with phenol in the presence of a tertiary amine and of catalytic quantities of trivalent metal cations, for obtain the expected product is isolated and, if desired, salified.


Using a sample of SME managers/owners as subjects, this study examined the moderating effects of perceived environmental uncertainly (PEU) and computer usage on the management accounting system (MAS) or performance relationship. Performance in this study was measured using the compound growth rate of market value of the firm (GMV) and growth rate of fixed assets (GFA). SME was defined as companies with between 10 to 100 employees. Results using multiple regression analyses and partial derivatives of the regression equations showed that PEU moderated the effects of MAS on performance with MAS having having a positive effect on performance under high levels of PEU.


More and more information is available on-line every day. The greater the amount of on-line information, the greater the demand for tools that process and disseminate this information. Processing electronic information in the form of text and answering users' queries about that information intelligently is one of the great challenges in natural language processing and information retrieval.
The research presented in this talk is centered on the latter of these two tasks: intelligent information retrieval. In order for information to be retrieved, it first needs to be formalized in a database or knowledge base. The ontology for this formalization and assumptions it is based on are crucial to successful intelligent information retrieval. We have concentrated our effort on developing an ontology for representing knowledge in the domains of experimental sciences, molecular biology in particular.
We show that existing ontological models cannot be readily applied to represent this domain adequately. For example, the fundamental notion of ontology design that every "real" object is defined as an instance of a category seems incompatible with the universe where objects can change their category as a result of experimental procedures. Another important problem is representing complex structures such as DNA, mixtures, populations of molecules, etc., that are very common in molecular biology.
We present extensions that need to be made to an ontology to cover these issues: the representation of transformations that change the structure and/or category of their participants, and the component relations and spatial structures of complex objects. We demonstrate examples of how the proposed representations can be used to improve the quality and completeness of answers to user queries; discuss techniques for evaluating ontologies and show a prototype of an Information Retrieval System that we developed.


The inelastic scattering of polarized electrons from polarized nucleons in the resonance region is studied in the quark model and in the quark--diquark model. It is suggested that by the measurement of the polarized cross section in the resonance region information about masses of the constituent particles (quark or quark and diquark) will be obtained. (AIP)


In the Barents Sea during late summer 2006 and 2007 we investigated spatial variations in the biomass, abundance, reproductive characteristics and production of Oithona similis (copepodite stages IV to V and adults), the most abundant small copepod. The species contributed 0.1 to 15.3% of the total mesozooplankton biomass. Adults were the most abundant stage in 2006 while younger copepodites prevailed in 2007. Prosome length of all stages was negatively and significantly correlated with water temperature. The mean (±SE) relative abundance of ovigerous females and mean (±SE) clutch size were 31 ± 1 and 38 ± 2%; and 22 ± 0 and 21 ± 0 eggs per sac in 2006 and 2007, respectively. Egg diameter (D) varied from 45 (in the south) to 70 μm (in the north). Egg production rates (EPR) varied from 0.2 to 1.8 eggs female–1 d–1 in both periods. Specific egg production rates (SEPR) were 0.005 to 0.029 and 0.008 to 0.04 d–1 in 2006 and 2007, respectively. The total secondary production of O. similis varied between stations and between years from 12 to 2714 μgC m–2 d–1. Copepodites V contributed the main part of the total secondary production (47 ± 2 in 2006 and 52 ± 3% in 2007). Multiple regression analysis showed that temperature and salinity explained 50 to 92 and 63 to 93% of the total variations in the log10-transformed D, EPR and SEPR in 2006 and 2007, respectively. Although 4 regions were separated on the basis of water temperature and salinity, 3 populations of O. similis were delineated by cluster analysis based on the species mean reproductive characteristics. This corresponds with our data based on the analysis of morphological parameters of O. similis in the Barents Sea (Dvoretsky & Dvoretsky 2009; Mar Ecol Prog Ser 385:165–178).


The successful application of hydraulic systems depends to a large extent on the skills and experience of the fluid power engineer. The acquisition of these skills, which can only be effectively obtained from appropriate specialised training, is enhanced by the use of practical demonstrations. Although test rigs provide an invaluable aid in the use and application of hydraulic equipment, there are limits to the range of applications that can be demonstrated. The BATHfp computer simulation package is used extensively in system design on the Fluid Power Centre industrial courses. This has been shown to provide considerable benefits in the training of fluid power engineers, particularly in the areas which involve complex concepts that are difficult to understand, by enabling engineers to visualise the system performance. This paper presents the results of case studies that highlight the way in which simulation techniques provide assistance in the training process.


Radicalism in Islam is part of a socio-religious phenomenon that cannot be separated from many aspects. Besides economic and political interests, Radicalism in Islam can also be seen from the legal and ideological aspects. The law forms ideology, and the culmination of it is extremist action, including terrorism. Suicide bombings in Surabaya (2018) are part of the chain of� extremist action and terrorism. Understanding bombing cases like in Surabaya, is not enough to be seen from the outward aspects only but also the basic foundation for forming the awareness of the perpetrators. This paper uses the theory of social action from Pierre F. Bourdieu, to read how values are internalized into oneself and then externalized into suicides, as well as to map the domains and capital owned. This socio-political research proves that acts of terror, including suicide bombings, are actualizations of complex ideological symbolism. Therefore, terrorism is part of space competition, both the space for religious interpretation, the physical space for action, and the human space for image and evaluation. The justification of terrorism is supported by a set of legal and theological arguments, as well as terrorism action also have legal and theological tools


An improved processing technology, which is suitable for processing of mutton with different qualities and mechanized production to improve production efficiency, was put forward through modifying the traditional dried mutton floss technologies.


Ensemble‐based Kalman smoother algorithms extend ensemble Kalman filters to reduce the estimation error of past model states utilizing observational information from the future. Like the filters they extend, current smoothing algorithms are optimal only for linear models. However, the ensemble methods are typically applied with high‐dimensional nonlinear models, which also require the application of localization in the data assimilation. In this article, the influence of the model nonlinearity and of the application of localization on the smoother performance is studied. Numerical experiments show that the observational information can be successfully utilized over smoothing lags several times the error doubling time of the model. Localization limits the smoother lag by spatial decorrelation. However, if the localization is well tuned, the usable lag of the smoother, and hence the usable amount of observational information, is maximized. The localization reduces the estimation errors of the smoother even more than those of the filter. As the smoother reuses the transformation matrix of the filter, it profits from increases of the ensemble size more strongly than the filter. With respect to inflation and localization, the experiments also show that the same configuration that yields the smallest estimation errors for the filter without smoothing also results in the smallest errors of the smoothed states. Thus, smoothing only adds the lag as a further tunable parameter.


relationships between different social or demographic subgroups, the degree of stratification of the personal network, and the construction of typologies with samples of personal networks. The analyzed case shows that the evaluation of the personal network allows to represent the contexts of interaction in which the individual participates. From the example two key dimensions are suggested in the description of the personal network, namely: the degree of structural cohesion of the whole and the configuration of the subgroups that compose it. We conclude with a reflection on the psychological uses that can be derived from the evaluation of personal networks.


The syllabus functions as a major communication device that provides details of how student learning will be assessed and about the roles of both students and instructors in the learning and assessment process. This analysis of actual course syllabi shows the inconsistency of such communication and, therefore, the corruption of the assessment agreement that the syllabus represents.


Parenteral Nutrition (PN) provides essential caloric support in patients unable to feed enterally. Unfortunately, PN without enteral feeding is associated with hepatic injury, especially in neonates where PN associated liver disease (PNALD) affects 60–70% of recipients. PN alters intestinal physiology and host‐microbial interactions, including bile acid enterohepatic circulation, which regulates metabolism through nuclear and cell membrane bile acid receptors. Here, we examined the role of G‐protein coupled bile acid receptor deficiency (TGR5−/−) upon hepatic phenotype in a murine model of acute PN. TGR5−/− and wild type (WT) received PN for 96 hours. PN significantly elevated serum triglycerides, resistin, PAI‐1 and hepatic fatty acid synthesis gene expression in both genotypes. However, PN‐treated TGR5−/− animals had significantly larger liver weights compared with WT, but displayed no changes in triglycerides. Histological analysis instead suggested edema. Accordingly, TGR5−/− animals on PN displayed elevated hepatic IL‐6 expression and significantly higher serum AST and ALT levels compared with WT. Furthermore, TGR5−/− animals on PN also displayed significantly decreased bile acid synthesis genes, including Cyp7A1, Cyp8B1, Cyp7B1, and BAT, compared with WT. Therefore, we examined serum bile acid composition. PN elevated total conjugated primary bile acid levels, specifically TCA, TCDCA, TbMCA, and TaMCA, in both genotypes compared with chow. However, TGR5−/− on PN displayed markedly higher levels of the unconjugated primary bile acids, CDCA, aMCA, and the secondary bile acids, oMCA and DCA, compared with WT on PN. Predictive metagenomics of 16S sequencing suggested altered microbial enzymes in TGR5−/−, including BSH and 7alpha hydroxylase, consistent with serum bile acid changes. These results suggest a protective role for TGR5 in liver function during PN that potentially includes direct attenuation of hepatic inflammation or indirect manipulation through microbiota‐bile acid interactions. Greater mechanistic understanding of TGR5 signaling during PN might improve interventions to treat or prevent PNALD.


In this paper, an improved transistor equivalent circuit noise model is proposed. This model takes the frequency dispersion effects into account and modified the induced gate current source (Ig) equation based on the classical Van der Ziel noise model. First, the conductance at Vd = 0 V (gd0) is derived from DC bias condition, and the accuracy of channel thermal noise (Id) is verified. Then, by analyzing the physical structure of the silicon‐on‐insulator (SOI) transistor, an equivalent lumped‐parameter circuit model is established. The element initial values are extracted based on the measured S‐parameters. Then, the parameters in the Ig equation are obtained through noise circle simulation in comparison with measurement data. In contrast to existing models, the frequency dispersion effect is analyzed and modeled using a three‐order polynomial. The results show that with respect to the traditional noise model, the noise circle's root‐mean‐square error of this work is decreased from 23.16 to 1.55.


With the rapid development of both ubiquitous computing and the mobile internet, big data technology is gradually penetrating into various applications, such as smart traffic, smart city, and smart medical. In particular, smart medical, which is one core part of a smart city, is changing the medical structure. Specifically, it is improving treatment planning for various diseases. Since multiple treatment plans generated from smart medical have their own unique treatment costs, pollution effects, side-effects for patients, and so on, determining a sustainable strategy for treatment planning is becoming very critical in smart medical. From the sustainable point of view, this paper first presents a three-dimensional evaluation model for representing the raw medical data and then proposes a sustainable strategy for treatment planning based on the representation model. Finally, a case study on treatment planning for the group of "computer autism" patients is then presented for demonstrating the feasibility and usability of the proposed strategy.


In this study, we challenge empirically the impact of internal and external knowledge acquisition, intra-firm knowledge dissemination and management decisions taken in response to the significant information generated and subsequently filtered on the entrepreneurial success. The analysis is based on a detailed survey of 81 of growth-oriented enterprises established in Atlantic Canada and conducted during the period July-September 2007. Our empirical findings show that different knowledge management practices are associated with different levels of venture performance. Surprisingly, firm-specific characteristics such as formal education, industrial sector and region do not play a significant role on the entrepreneurial success in the growth-oriented environment. INTRODUCTION The rapidly changing economic world and the desire for success drive enterprises to develop continuously new knowledge acquisition practices and to involve in intra-firm dissemination activities. In addition, new technological solutions increase the mobility of information and labour force so that knowledge and experience can be transferred instantaneously around the globe. Therefore, the only competitive advantage a particular enterprise will face will be its process of operational efficiency and innovativeness – combining market and technology know-how with the resourceful talents of knowledgeable labour to solve a constant stream of strategic problems – and its ability to derive value from the information accumulated. The enterprises are forced to learn at faster rate in order to sustain not only the rise in the potential competitors but also the altering business environment. The study of knowledge as a concept is not new, but there is renewed emphasis on effective knowledge management as firms seek to compete effectively in knowledge-based economies (Capon et al. 1992; Chiesa et al. 1996), which are characterised by the rapid accumulation and diffusion of knowledge (Arundel et al. 1998). As a consequence, knowledge management, and related concepts organisational learning (Nonaka and Takeuchi, 1995) and organisational agility (Dove, 1999) are now prevalent themes in both academic and management discussion. However, knowledge management is still very much a new discipline (Preiss, 1999; Shariq, 1998) and thus developing its theoretical base. The overwhelming majority of publications that have been influential in establishing knowledge management as an important field refer to the practices of large companies (McAdam and Reid, 2001). In many firms knowledge management has come to be associated with new organizational infrastructures, large systems purchases, and significant levels of expenditure (Davenport and Prusak, 1998). As such, the knowledge management practices may be beyond the means, and perhaps the requirements, of SMEs. However, is it valid to propose that even if SMEs may not have formal knowledge management processes that the firm does not manage their knowledge? Since this is an unlikely proposition, any study of knowledge management processes requires that both formal and informal approaches to the management of knowledge should be considered. AGSE 2010


Accurate estimation of evapotranspiration is required for proper irrigation scheduling for crops and their survival during adverse conditions. Weather variability causes substantial fluctuations in crop productivity of any crop. In order to optimize the growth and seed yield in any crop, quantification of Crop-Weather relationships could help in determining proper time for sowing. Evapotranspiration accounts for major water loss from the agricultural fields. Keeping these in mind, a field experiment was conducted at research farm of IARI, New Delhi during Rabi 2011-12 for understanding crop water needs for irrigation in mustard. Three varieties of mustard viz., Pusa Gold, Pusa Jaikisan and Pusa bold were sown on 14 th October, 31st October and 16 th November, 2011 by creating different weather condition for different crop stages. The crops were raised following the standard recommended agronomic practices with three replications in a randomized block design. The crop evapotranspiration were calculated using single crop coefficient, dual crop coefficient and water balance equation. The crop biomass, leaf area index, radiation interception, soil moisture at regular interval and seed yield were measured. Results showed higher value of biomass, leaf area index, seed yield, water use efficiency and radiation use efficiency in Pusa Jaikisan followed by Pusa Bold and Pusa Gold. The value of biomass, seed yield, leaf area index and radiation use efficiency was found to be more in first sown followed by second and third sowing. The results showed that the value of soil evaporation coefficient was low except during irrigation and precipitation events. The value of crop evapotranspiration was found to be more value during mid stage in all varieties with respect to different weather condition. ETc values es t imated us ing dual crop coeff ic ien t were low during initial stage increased during the crop development stage and reached its peak during the mid-season stage then the ETc value declined rapidly during the late crop growth stage. The value of water use efficiency calculated using dual crop coefficient were more near to the value of water use efficiency calculated by soil water balance as compared to the value calculated by single crop coefficient.The crop evapotranspiration calculated from dual crop coefficient was better and more accurate for estimating water needs for mustard crop


Summary form only given. When in a gyrotron the resonator wall is azimuthally corrugated with the number of azimuthal variations twice the azimuthal index of the operating mode, such corrugation provides the coupling between the waves rotating azimuthally in opposite directions and leads to formation of standing wave patterns. Such cosine and sine modes have different frequencies and their frequency separation is proportional to the corrugation amplitude. The coupling between two such standing modes depends on the radius of an electron beam. In particular, it is possible to choose such beam radius that the coupling is strong (that means that single-mode oscillations of either mode are stable), but, when the gyrotron operates near the boundary between the strong and weak coupling, it can be easily switched from one mode to another with the use of low-power driver. This sort of operation can be used for dynamic suppression of neoclassical tearing modes in large tokamaks and stellarators (a so-called AC method of NTM stabilization'). For this application, the frequency of switching from the first mode to the second and back should correspond to the rotational frequency of magnetic islands. When the frequency separation of standing modes is much larger than the width of mode resonances, omega/Q , such gyrotron can improve reliability of the narrow-band frequency diplexer proposed " for directing the gyrotron wave beam to one of two output channels providing the NTM stabilization.


Objective To observe the curative effect of Shanwei(improving the structure and function of stomach)on chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG)with gastric mucous membrane dysplsia(Dys)otr intestinal metaplasia(IM)and observe the expression of antioncogene protein P16 before and after treatment.Methods The selected patients were suffered from CAG with Dys or IM diagnosed with endoscopy and pathologic examination.Sixty patients were randomly divided into treatment group and control group.The patients of treatment group were administered with Shanwei prescription and patients of control group with heriacium tablets for six months.Result The total effective rate of treatment group and control group was individually 90.00% and 55.67%.There was obviously difference between the treatment group and control group(P0.01).The treatment group had obvious higher effect than control group on improvement in the atrophy extent,intestinal metaplasia and gastric mucous membrane dysplasia(P0.05).The antioncogene protein P16 expression of treatment group was obviously higher than that of control group(P0.05).Conclusion Sanwei prescription has definitely curative effect on carcinoma of stomach with precancerous lesion and may reverse the pathologic change of gastric mucous membrane on a certain extent by increasing the expression of P16 protein.


Dye modified electrodes have received great attention in recent years as they have some merits such as fast response,good stability,low cost and fabrication simplicity.This paper introduced the recent research progress including its preparation methods and applications.We also discuss the development prospect of dye modified electrodes.


This paper adopts the meteorological data from 1961 to 2003,43 years,of huhhot meteorological station in Inner Mongolia,for calculating the ET_0 of modified Penman model and Monteith-Penman model that inputted major meteorological factors(temperature,wind speed,humidity,solar radiation or sunshine) analysis evaluation.Show as a result: Simple model calculation contrast is hard to appraise which kind of model more suit climate environment and the geography with complex China,must carry out rate by using the experiment results such as Lysmiets for various models to check.At the same time,it is very obvious that ET_0 calculate the influence and that some major meteorological factors value to ET_0 that inputted in model.Different growth season ,different area and different crop are expected,in completely radiometer calculate,value of a and b of Angstrom formula should be different.Year in average temperature increase 2.1℃,north is arid,half arid district from April to October ET_0 value increase ranging from 3.9% to 5.2%.When wind speed increases in 20% of crop growth season(from April to October),ET_0 will vary in a range of 2.9% ~ 8.0%.Value added of ET_0 from April to June takes the 61.9% of all crop growth season.And the influence of half arid district relative humidity that change value to ET_0 is very little.For each factor inputted influence of two models,it is extending that the analysis evaluation of level is helpful for the knowledge of ET_0 to deepen and apply.


Objective:We seek to observe the expressions of TLR3 、TLR4 and TLR9 on peripheral blood monocytes in patients with recurrent condyloma acuminatum. Methods:The expression levels of TLR3,TLR4 and TLR9 on peripheral blood monocytes were analyzed by flow cytometry with two-colour immunofluorescent staining in 26 patients with CA and 30 healthy controls.Results:The expression levels of TLR4 and TLR9 on monocytes were significantly higher in patients with recurrent CA than that in healthy controls(p0.05).There was no significant difference in expressions of TLR3 between patients and controls(p0.05).Conclusion:The expressions of TLR4 and TLR9 on monocytes could be upregulated by recurrent infection of human papilloma virus,which may play an important role in recognizing virus and reducing recurrence.


As emerging advanced construction materials, Strain Hardening Cementitious Composites (SHCCs) have seen increasing field applications recently, yet existing test methods for quality control of tensile properties are relatively complicated and sometime difficult to implement. This paper presents a new simple inverse method for quality control of tensile strain capacity and tensile strength by conducting four point bending test (FPBT). First the beam deflection capacity and modulus of rupture (MOR) can be obtained from FPBT. The beam deflection capacity can then be linearly transformed to tensile strain capacity via a master curve constructed from parametric studies of beam flexural model [1]. Knowing the MOR and predicted tensile strain capacity, the effective tensile strength can be derived based on a new set of master curve. This proposed method has been experimentally verified with independent uniaxial tensile test results with reasonable agreement. In addition, this proposed method is also compared with Japan Concrete Institute method with comparable accuracy, yet with much simpler experiment setup and data interpretation procedure. Therefore, it is expected that this proposed method can greatly simplify the quality control of SHCCs both in execution and interpretation phases, contributing to the wider acceptance of this type of new material in field applications.


Thirty-five eyes were included in the study, 17 in the sequential group and 18 in the concomitant group. The mean follow-up time was 50.5 ± 20.8 months in the sequential group and 30.8 ± 19.7 months in the concomitant group (P=0.007). The overall failure rates were 23.5% (n=4/17) in the sequential group and 27.8%, (n=5/18) in the concomitant group (P=0.486). The most frequent complication was GDI erosion, which occurred in 23.5% (n=4/17) in the sequential group and in 27.8% (n=5/18) in the concomitant group (P=1.000). BCVA was better in the concomitant group after 1 year (P=0.020) and at the last follow-up visit (P=0.001).


Review of Holm, C., Guimaraes, A. & Marcano, N. (2022). Academic librarian burnout causes and responses. Association of College and Research Libraries.


May 29, 2018 2411 Ignacio HernandezGonzalez, MD Paula Navas, MD, PhD Pilar Escribano-Subias, MD, PhD To the Editor: We read with great interest the study by Hadinnapola et al1 evaluating the phenotype of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 4 (EIF2AK4) mutation carriers in a nationwide cohort of pulmonary arterial hypertension patients. We were surprised by the small number of familial cases (1/14 patients) as compared with previous reports. There is no mention of known consanguinity, frequent in autosomal recessive diseases. Our group described a founder homozygote mutation in EIF2AK4 in 18 Iberian Romani patients among 5 unrelated families with hereditary pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD).2 Histological examinations of the lung were performed in 8 patients in 4 unrelated families. We found 2 different clinical-histological patterns. One presented better prognosis, higher tolerance to pulmonary vasodilators, longer event-free survival, and less venous involvement than the other, being the former pattern easily misdiagnosed as pulmonary arterial hypertension. In our experience,2–4 the prognosis of PVOD patients is by far poorer than in other forms of pulmonary arterial hypertension, with an event-free survival at 3 years of 40% for the overall population and 0% for nontolerant patients, and it is mainly determined by the tolerance to pulmonary vasodilator independently of the presence or absence of an underlying biallelic EIF2AK4 mutation. These results are consistent with the study by Montani et al,5 which describes 19 familial cases in 13 unrelated families over 27 biallelic EIF2AK4 mutations carriers, finding no differences in survival between EIF2AK4 mutations carriers and noncarriers (32% at 3 years). In the cohort of Hadinnapola and colleagues,1 64% of biallelic EIF2AK4 mutation carriers were initially misdiagnosed as having pulmonary arterial hypertension. They report a significantly greater overall survival of PVOD patients (>60% at 3 years), which might reflect a less aggressive and more tolerant form of the disease. It is necessary to highlight that PVOD is a rare disease that may present as a heritable condition, most frequently with a familial pattern. Genetic testing is the cornerstone to achieve a proper diagnosis but currently does not add any prognostic information. Moreover, there are no available data concerning the importance of being compound heterozygote versus homozygote for a pathogenic variant in EIF2AK4, and further investigations are needed. Genetic counseling helps to improve the management of heritable PVOD and to avoid new cases in future generations, of great importance in consanguineous populations. Current knowledge is based on small studies and must be interpreted with caution. PVOD may show a wide spectrum of severity and aggressivity, probably determined by the underlying venous involvement and the response to vasodilators. Early referral of eligible patients to a lung transplant center as soon as the diagnosis is confirmed should be warranted. © 2018 American Heart Association, Inc. LETTER TO THE EDITOR Letter by Hernandez-Gonzalez et al Regarding Article, "Phenotypic Characterization of EIF2AK4 Mutation Carriers in a Large Cohort of Patients Diagnosed Clinically With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension" Circulation


The application of Missing Data Theory (MDT) has shown to improve the robustness of automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems. A crucial part in a MDT-based recognizer is the computation of the reliability masks from noisy data. To estimate accurate masks in environments with unknown, non-stationary noise statistics only weak assumptions can be made about the noise and we need to rely on a strong model for the speech. In this paper, we present a missing data detector that uses harmonicity in the noisy input signal and a vector quantizer (VQ) to confine speech models to a subspace. The resulting system can deal with additive and convolutional noise and shows promising results on the Aurora4 large vocabulary database.


A three-month observational campaign, combining OMI/Aura overpasses with coordinated synchronous detailed sunphotometer, cloud cover and lidar measurements took place in summer 2005 at Thessaloniki Greece (40.5N, 22.9E) in order to evaluate the UV and aerosol products of OMI. Here we present comparisons of the aerosol index with lidar measurements, giving emphasis to the free tropospheric aerosol load and the lidar ratio. There are indications for a positive correlation between lidar ratio and aerosol index, while the highest aerosol index and aerosol optical depth values were found for air masses originating from the Sahara desert.


For the security of ports and the container shipping industry, a key problem for a container terminal is the planning and design of the inspection area. The main goal of this paper is to address an inspection investment planning problem for the international container terminal at Dalian Port using the simulation method. Considering various types of container ships and flexible container truck scheduling and routing, we propose a framework combining an Arena-based simulation model with a developed optimization procedure. Two components of this integrated framework realize information communication via the interface of Visual Basic for Applications. Under the potential inspection protocol, simulation experiments are designed and carried out for investigating the operational impact of container inspections for different allocations of inspection resources at the terminal, including the turnaround time of external trucks, the number of trucks waiting in the inspection area, etc. This paper includes the description of the conceptual framework, the detailed simulation model, the experimental design, and the simulation results.


This paper attempts to describesthe objectives of the tribology investigation activities on the automotive internal combustion engine with the intent of minimizing friction losses and noise. After an introduction to the most important theoretical and experimental results achieved by various researchers, the mathematical models developed by the authors in relation to the main lubricated components are presented and discussed.


MMF has represented a major advance in organ transplantation. Its potential side-effects, however, may ask for dose reduction implicating higher risk of rejection and graft loss. We performed a retrospective analysis of single kidney transplant recipients that received MMF in their initial maintenance immunosuppressive regimen from 1996 till 2007. Data on immunosuppression, MMF dose changes, reasons for dose reduction, acute rejections, graft and patient survival up till the 400th day after transplantation were retrieved from patient fi les. 749 patients were included. Initial daily MMF dose was 1g (n=415) or 2g (n=302) in most patients (all bid). Other immunosuppressants: methylprednisolone (all), tacrolimus (n=620), cyclosporine (n=104), sirolimus (n=10), belatacept (n=14). In 358 patients (47.8%) MMF dose wasn't changed. In 73 (9.7%) MMF was permanently discontinued (graft loss censored). 326 (43.5%) had at least one dose reduction other than stopping MMF. Of all 741 reduction events (discontinuation included), 55.7% were for hematological reasons. Other: infection (17.7%), trial protocol (10.9%), gastrointestinal side-effects (9.6%), correction of erroneous doses (1.3%), neoplasia (1.8%) and unidentifi able (10.4%) (some reasons coincided). 197 patients (26.3%) lived at least one acute rejection. Proportion of rejections was higher in the subgroup with MMF dose reduction and/or withdrawal than in the remainder of the patients: 34.8 vs. 19.0% (χ2 P<0.05). 46 patients lost their graft or died before day 400. Their proportion was highest in the subgroup with MMF dose reduction and/or withdrawal: 8.0 vs. 4.0% (χ2 P<0.05). Conclusion: main reasons for MMF dose reduction after renal transplantation were hematological changes and infection, while gastrointestinal side-effects were less important. MMF dose reduction was associated with higher incidence of acute rejection and graft loss during the fi rst post-transplant year. Analysis of the interplay with other determinants of outcome needs further investigation. PTH REFERENCE TARGET FOR THE FOLLOW-UP OF HEMODIALYZED PATIENTS AND NEW KDIGO GUIDELINES: THE END OF A NIGHTMARE?


AIM
to develop and evaluate a model of supervision created to provide continuous support throughout a 2-year postgraduate education programme.

METHODS
twenty-five students attending the first 2-year postgraduate course in palliative care at the University College, Buskerud, Norway took part in a prospective study. A questionnaire was administered on five occasions: on commencement of studies, after 6 months, 12 months, 18 months and at the end of the programme. Student statements were analysed using methods of qualitative content analysis.

RESULTS
students' appreciation of the value of supervision increased from the first to the last recording. Reflection and dynamic dialogue during group supervision were reported to be well-suited as methods of support in the development of insight into palliative care, integration of theory and practice, and development of skills.

CONCLUSION
students stated that supervision confirmed knowledge, gave meaning and increased self-awareness in palliative care.


Abstract The RADM1 gas‐phase chemical mechanism was improved by updating rate constants, introducing photodissociation, incorporating the permutation reactions of organic peroxy radicals, and replacing the lumped NO3 + N2O5 reaction rates expressions with explicit ones. Both the original RADM1 and the revised RADM1 chemical mechanism were compared with the explicit Master Mechanism of NCAR (National Center for Atmospheric Research, USA) using the trace gas concentrations observed at the China Regional Background Atmospheric Observatory as model initial conditions. It was shown that the revised RADM1 chemical mechanism was much better than the original in modeling atmospheric chemistry, especially on ozone, for the China region.


The aim is to develop and implement a method for the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy using autologous mesenchymal stem cells and the neuroimaging, immunological and neurophysiological predictors of the brain function. Material and Methods . Twenty patients (12 males and 8 females) with symptomatic drug-resistant epilepsy participated in the study. The patient age varied from 23 to 46 years; and the duration of epilepsy was 7-29 years. Autologous mesenchymal stem cells of the bone marrow were characterized using cultural, morphological, immunological, molecular-genetic, clinical-functional, laboratory, pathopsychological, and neurophysiological methods. The standard parametric and nonparametric statistical tests were used to evaluate the results. Results . The study resulted in producing of cultured autologous mesenchymal stem cells of the bone marrow (AMSCBM) sufficient to conduct 20 courses of cell therapy. In total, 40 transplantation procedures using AMSCBM were performed (20 intravenous and 20 endolumbar injections). Cellularity index in the intravenous inoculate ranged from 39.5 to 110.0 million and that for the endolumbar injection – from 5.1 to 10.0 million with viability not less than 95%. The distribution of AMSCBM by key surface markers (CD105+, CD90+, CD45-, CD34-) matched the criteria of the International Association for cell therapy (ISCT). The cell injections were well tolerated and did not cause any severe adverse effects. To monitor the process of neurogenic differentiation, the expression of the surface markers was determined. In most samples with confirmed neural differentiation, a significant increase in the expression of neuron-specific enolase, nestin and MAR-2 was detected. In patients with symptomatic epilepsy, the most significant deviations from normal values were found for the numbers of cytotoxic and activated cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and T-cells with the NK activity. After a course of cell therapy, a significant decrease in CD4+CD8+, CD3+CD8+, CD3+CD95+, and CD8+CD25+ cells was noted. Also decreased were the numbers of NK cells and T-cells with the NK activity, however, their levels remained relatively high as compared with the control group. Following the treatment, we continued to monitor the patients for 3, 6, and 12 months after the cell administration as well as the patients from the group of comparison. Conclusion . For the first time in the Republic of Belarus, cell therapy in patients with epilepsy was conducted. An intravenous injection of AMSCBM and endolumbar administration of neuro-induced AMSCBM can serve an effective additional therapy of choice in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy.


The invention discloses a technology for processing spiny bamboo shoots. The technology comprises eight procedures, namely accessory preparation, material selection, cleaning, stirring, filling in a jar, oil injection, sealing of the jar and cellaring. The technology has the advantages that the spiny bamboo shoots are torn into small bamboo shoot strips, and the small bamboo shoot strips are sterilized by using brine, so that astringency can be eliminated; the taste can be improved by stirring; salad oil is injected after the small bamboo shoot strips are filled in the jar, so that the quality guarantee period can be prolonged, and preservative is not added; a lotus leaf is used for covering and sealing the jar, so that the bamboo shoot strips have lotus fragrance; the jar is sealed by using kaolin slurry, and the bamboo shoot strips are cellared at a low temperature, so that the fermentation effect of the bamboo shoot strips in the jar can be improved; and the spiny bamboo shoot product made by a series of methods is fresh, tender, fragrant, crisp and lasting in aftertaste, can be preserved for a long term, and is convenient to eat.


Mianyang,the second biggest city in Sichuan province,is abundant and unique in Taoist culture resources.Through surveys and literary reviews,this article analyzes the present Taoist culture resources here and their values,on the basis of which the paper brings forth the guidelines and strategies for local tourism development.


Human rights have played a central role in the La Via Campesina's struggle against the appropriation of land and resources. This article explores, in a first part, the advantages and limitations of the human rights framework and the reasons that prompted activists from La Via Campesina to formulate their claims in terms of rights. It then discusses a number of tensions that underlie the claim/recognition of land rights, through institutional channels ("from above"), before exploring other strategies ("from below"), that have been deployed by the movement, and which focus more on the defense and control of lands and territories.


Introduction: Sepsis is life-threatening organ dysfunction with a high mortality rate. Scoring systems have been widely used in predicting mortality in sepsis patients, which is influenced by many factors. Aimed of this study to determine the role of the SOFA score and APACHE II score in predicting the mortality of sepsis patients in the ICU of RSUP H. Adam Malik. Methods : Diagnostic study with cross-sectional approach. Subjects of this study were sepsis patients who were treated in the ICU with consecutive sampling techniques. Scoring in predicting mortality using the SOFA score and APACHE II. Data analysis was performed univariately and bivariately using IBM SPSS version 22 for windows. The cut off value is based on the median value and the sensitivity and specificity is determined based on the formula from Table 2 x 2. Research results : Of 123 sepsis patients were analyzed in this study with a mortality rate of 57.7%. The most common source of infection that causes sepsis was pneumonia (61.8%) and the most comorbid diabetes mellitus (26%). Cut off of the study was determined using the median value where the SOFA cut off score was 10 and APACHE II was 13. The sensitivity and specificity of the SOFA score were superior in predicting mortality (Sens : 76.1%; specs 82.7%) compared to the APACHE II score (sens = 70 .4%; specs = 59.6%). Conclusion : The SOFA score has better diagnostic value and is superior in predicting mortality in sepsis patients.


This study aims to describe and examine the impact of Trust and Ease of Use through E-Commerce in Online Purchase Decision at Marketplace Online. The methodology design used in this research is quantitative research with a survey method, for an analysis tool used is multiple linear regression. The method used to attract the sample is non-probability in the form of purposive sampling with the main criteria of the sample that is Tokopedia.com users who have made transactions at least 1 time. The size of respondents used as many as 100 respondents. The results of the study found that there is a positive and significant result of the trust and ease of use variables on online purchasing decisions both partial and simultaneous. This can be explained that the main factors that consumers consider before conducting online purchasing activities are whether they trust the sites that provide these online services and trust the online sellers on the website to encourage and build long-term relationships with consumers. Second is the impact of the ease of use on purchasing decisions, which can be explained by the ease of use perceived by Tokopedia users will tend to provide a sense of comfort and ease that affects consumers' online purchasing decisions. Thus, the recommendation for Tokopedia.com is to put more concern on updating the user experience to make it more manageable for all users to remain to use Tokopedia.com. and to strengthen payment systems and complaint handling for both consumers and sellers.


This final report evaluates the technical and economic viability of deploying battery storage in New York City subway traction substations. Rapid transit systems, which experience daily peak periods of travel, accommodate the demands by operating numerous multi-car trains at closely spaced intervals. This activity results in two daily peaks in the demand for electric power that the transit system imposes upon the supplying electric utility. Reductions in the magnitude of this peak electric power required from the supplying utility can be accomplished by the storage of electric energy and the transit system side of the electric utility/transit interface. To be viable economically, the dollar worth of the demand reduction must be sufficiently large to offset the battery storage system initial capital outlay and recurring operating and maintenance costs. The method used to evaluate the merit of deploying battery storage in the transit system was to establish a dollar value for the reduced demand, postulate a system to accomplish these savings, and substract the life-cycle cost of this system from the savings on the basis of a net present value. This technique was implemented and the results evaluated for different amounts of battery deployment. Battery storage was found to be bothmore » technically feasible and economically attractive. It was concluded that the results of the study warranted construction of the pilot plant described in detail in the report.« less


This document describes the functionality of DejaGnu, the testing framework of the GNU project. DejaGnu is written in Expect, which uses Tcl as a command language. Expect acts as a very programmable shell. As with other Unix command shells, you can run any program, but once the program is started, your test script has programmable control over its input and output. This does not just apply to the programs under test; expect can also run any auxiliary program, such as diff or sh, with full control over its input and output.


The function of time variable for the echo wave signal in the measurement of microwave was analyzed. The relation of transform between the function of time variable and the function of frequency variable was confirmed.


This article is a short review of vasoactive drugs which are in use in todays clinical practice. In the past century, development of vasoactive drugs went through several phases. All of these drugs are today divided into several groups, depending on their place of action, pharmacological pathways and/or effects on target organ or organ system. Hence, many different agents are today in clinical practice, we have shown comparison between them. These agents provide new directions in the treatment of cardiovascular compromise, suggesting that the primary goal of therapy is to produce a vasodilatory effect of the circulation rather than to reverse hemodynamic failure by using inotropic agents, with their inherent risks and side effects. Vasoactive agents are a group of bioac-tive chemicals, which change vasomotor tone through their influence on various peripheral receptors. Most of these agents have inotropic effects (e.g. norepine-phrine) as they bind with receptors positioned on the surface of the myocardium. Some pharmacologic agents are difficult to classify as their effects overlap, however all vasoactive drugs affect stroke volume and heart rate. This determines cardiac output and, as a consequence, overall cardiovascular function. In the ideal situation, inotropic drugs would only have effects directly on myo-cardial cells, without simultaneous stimulation of other receptors. As one quickly learns, such is not the case with many of our most important vasoactive agents. Some inotropic agents such as dopamine (depending on the dose) provoke vaso-constriction while other such agents, like isoprenaline, cause vasodilatation. Pure vasoconstrictors produce arterial wall constriction by stimulation of α-adren-ergic receptors (e.g. phenylephrine) or by stimulating V1a receptors (e.g. vasopres-ine) on the vascular endothelial surfaces. Pure vasodilators, on the other hand, are classified according to their predominate effect on the arteries (e.g. hydralazine), veins (e.g. nitroglycerine), or both arterial and venous (e.g. nitropruside) vessels. The main favorable result of hydralazine and nitropruside is a reduction of cardiac afterload and an increase in cardiac output. The main effect of nitroglycer-ine is achieved by venodilatation, which decreases preload and consequently cardiac output. In 1908, Sir James McKenzie first described " low cardiac output syndrome ". Clinically, this syndrome results in global hypoperfusion, whose treatment requires inotropic support by vasoactive medications, or mechanical intervention to support and improve cardiac work. In the early 1900s′ the mainstay of cardiac treatment was digitalis with the addition of a salt reduced diet. Accumulated fluids within pleural and peritoneal spaces were eliminated by mechanical …

https://oss.signavitae.com/imr-signavitae/article/1258594485767421952/pdf/SIGNA VITAE 2006 1(1) 9-12.pdf


A method for transmit diversity wireless communication receiver from a transmitter (13, 24) transmit data to a distal end (14, 28) to be used, the transmitter (13, 24) including three or more transmit antenna elements (1 , 2,3,4). In the symbol block (12) to encode data symbol block (12) in the (s


In this article a survey of references is given of Old Testament examples illustrating the thoughts of Biblical writers on the place and function of plants within the relationship between God and man. It is shown that the material is to be classified mainly in connection with the following themes: plants forming part of man's environment: plants at the disposal of man: plant products in the cult: plants in the punishment coming from God: plants in the time of salvation: and plants in literary reference.


Bacterial infection is the leading cause of death in neutropenic chemotherapy patients with fever. To examine the sources of infection in such patients, researchers conducted a retrospective chart review of patients who presented to one emergency department over a 2-year period with fever (temperature >38.0°C for more than 1 hour or >38.3°C at any single point) and chemotherapy-induced …


The present cross‐sectional study aimed at assessing muscle strength of hands, the dominant arm and legs in Spanish institutionalized elderly people according to sex, age and cognitive status.


This article presents a particle filter for pose estimation using unit dual quaternion kinematics. The eight-parameter unit dual quaternion is used for global representation of the pose, whereas the six parameters of the dual modified Rodrigues parameters (MRPs) are used for local pose representation in the state-space model. The dual MRPs enable estimates of the mean and the covariance to be calculated from the particles without violating the algebraic constraint of the unit dual quaternion. For verification of the filter and comparison with state of the art, we consider pose measurements available in the form of unit dual quaternions. Angular velocity and specific force measurements from a body-mounted inertial measurement unit are also considered in the filtering. We show through simulations that the suggested particle filter has comparable accuracy with a previously proposed unscented Kalman filter based on unit dual quaternions. We also consider a practical application where the pose of an arbitrary rigid object is estimated using a sequence of point clouds from a 3-D camera. A model point cloud of the object is displaced with the unit dual quaternion associated with each particle, and a fitting score is calculated between the displaced model point cloud and the measured point cloud from the 3-D camera. The likelihoods of the fitting scores are calculated from an exponential distribution and are used to update the weights of the particles. The system was verified in an experiment where the motion of a swinging payload hanging from a crane was estimated using a 3-D camera.


The global public sphere has changed dramatically over the past decades: A significant part of public discourse now takes place on algorithmically driven platforms. Despite its growing importance, there is scant large-scale academic research on the long-term evolution of user behaviour on these platforms. Here, we evaluate the behaviour of 600,000 individual Twitter users between 2012 and 2019 and find empirical evidence for a cohort-level acceleration of the way Twitter is used. Across time, we observe changing user-level behaviours: more tweets per time, denser interactions with others via retweets, and shorter content horizons, expressed as an individual's decaying autocorrelation of topics over time. We show that the change in usage patterns is not simply caused by a growing user base. While behaviour remains remarkably stable within each cohort over time, we relate these observations to changing compositions of new users with each new cohort containing increasingly active individuals. Our findings complement recent empirical work on social acceleration by tracking cohorts over time, controlling for cohort size, and analyzing their behavioural composition.


Educators have drastically altered their fundamental beliefs from the days when it was commonly thought that people classified as severely retarded were not educable in any skill area and in constant need of help for their personal needs (Switzky & Haywood, 1985). One of the prominent issues in special education within the last decade has involved vocational training and supported or competitive employment in nonsheltered environments for individuals with severely handicapping conditions. Several investigations have been conducted which exemplify the viability of nonsheltered vocational placements for people who are moderately and severely handicapped (Rusch & Mithaug, 1980; Wehman et al., 1982). Vocational training leading to employment should be an important aspect of most everyone's education. Within the past decade, many severely handicapped individuals have been placed in various community-based vocational sites such


Abstract Food intake may be initiated by internal cues signalling energy depletion or by external cues which have been associated over time with the onset of eating. External factors including the presence of others, and sensory features of food such as appearance, smell, and taste have been linked to increased salivation, cravings, food intake, and loss of control of eating, particularly in dieters. It is argued here that identifying everyday high risk-situations for overeating and relapse relating to such factors should be an integral part of the treatment process for obesity. Training in self-control skills, which change reactivity to food stimuli, and repeatedly applying them in high-risk situations during treatment will increase competence of individuals who are engaged in behaviour change and weight management.


An increase in the speed at which Shinkansen trains travel will certain requirements of the power equipment, such as increased output, size reduction, weight reduction, and reduced noise generation . This paper describes the three types of main electrical circuit systems that have been developed for the type E954 Shinkansen high speed test train. The include: 1) a main power converter cooled by ram air cooled water, 2) self-ventilated synchronous motor driving, and 3) power transformer cooled by ram air. The systems will be evaluated for their performance, reliability, durability and maintenance.