The method of characteristic(MOC) was adopted to analyze the check valve-induced water hammer behaviors for a Parallel Pumps Feedwater System(PPFS) during the alternate startup process.The motion of check valve disc was simulated using inertial valve model.Transient parameters including the pressure oscillation,local flow velocity and slamming of the check valve disc etc.have been obtained.The results showed that severe slamming between the valve disc and valve seat occurred during the alternate startup of parallel pumps.The induced maximum pressure vibration amplitude is up to 5.0 MPa.The scheme of appending a damping torque to slow down the check valve closing speed was also performed to mitigate of water hammer.It has been numerically approved to be an effective approach.


: As China's "quintessence", Peking Opera has become an important channel for foreign people to understand Chinese culture. One of the characteristics of Peking Opera is that its librettos contain a wealth of culture-loaded words. Based on this, under the guidance of Eugene Nida's functional equivalence theory, this thesis explores the translation strategies of culture-loaded words of the famous Peking Opera fragments in Translation Series of a Hundred JingJu Classics , and make suggestions for revisions on its deficiencies. After research, the thesis finds that, firstly, the quality of the translation is higher when abiding by functional equivalence theory; secondly, for different types of culture-loaded words in Peking Opera, translators will adopt different translation strategies; thirdly, the commonly used translation methods of culture-loaded words in Peking Opera are as follows: free translation, amplification, annotation, omission and substitution, among which free translation and substitution are the most widely used.


In much of the world, large scale soil maps which would better inform land use decisions are not available. The major impediment to collection of large scale data is the cost of field survey over large areas. One promising approach to increase the efficiency of soil survey is soil-landscape modelling. Soil-landscape models formalise relationships between soil attributes and other environmental variables, particularly landform which may be modelled with terrain data. Experienced soil surveyors implicitly use known and derived relationships between soils and landforms to produce useful maps. An explicit representation of these relationships between soils and landforms could be applied predictively and spatially.


The evidence shows that soil moisture has an important influence on North American Monsoon (NAM) precipitation. This study evaluates the local and nonlocal feedbacks of soil moisture on summer (June - September) precipitation in the NAM region using observational data. We applied a multivariate statistical method known as the Stepwise Generalized Equilibrium Feedback Assessment (SGEFA) to control for internal atmospheric variability and sea surface temperature (SST) forcings so that we could isolate the impact of soil moisture feedbacks on NAM precipitation. Our results identify feedback pathways between soil moisture and precipitation in the NAM region and in the Southern Rocky Mountains (SRM) region. Wet soils in the SRM result in lower-than-normal local surface temperature, weaker water vapor transport from the eastern Pacific and the Gulf of California (GOC), and less monsoon precipitation. Precipitation over the U.S. Great Plains also significantly increases when there are wet soils in the SRM. This occurs due to an enhanced water vapor influx into this region. On the other hand, anomalously wet soils in the NAM region increase NAM precipitation by enhancing local moist static energy and increasing the strength of the monsoonal circulation. Our observational results using SGEFA agree well with previous numerical modeling studies. This study highlights the critical role of land-atmosphere interactions for understanding NAM variability.


Microscopic theories have brought considerable results on understanding many properties of the nuclear collective motion, especially in the domain of the vibrational motion. 0 Investigations of the nuclear rotational motion toward this direction have been attempted by several authors, for example, the generalized Hartree-Fock method by Kerman and Klein,2 ) Danos-Gillet's theory8) and the method of generator coordinates recently developed by Ohnishi and Y oshida.4)


Bangladesh has made significant economic progress and remarkable strides in many areas of human development. The last three-year trend in gross domestic product was an upturn of more than 6 percent a year, which is equal to some of the best performing Asian economies. Despite its economic growth, 32 percent of the population still lives below the poverty line and about 40 percent are underemployed. On the other hand, life expectancy and literacy levels have increased, child immunization rates are sustained above 90 percent, and maternal mortality ratio declined sharply. Bangladesh's 2011 population, estimated at 149.8 million, is expected to increase by about 50 million by 2050. The country's annual growth rate is 1.37 percent but the population momentum due to the youthfulness of the age structure is expected to be partially offset by the continued pace of declining fertility especially if fertility declines for a period of time below the replacement level of about 2.1 children per woman. Accelerating the decline in fertility could reduce population growth in absolute numbers by one-twelfth by the mid-21st century. Declining fertility will hinge on the successful implementation of different health policy measures, which include increasing the supply and access to FP methods. The stabilization of the population will depend ultimately on the population momentum and the continued decline in the fertility rate.


Subject
 Lebanese plans to gain from Syria's reconstruction.

 Significance
 Lebanon has promoted its northern coastal city of Tripoli as a potential gateway to Syria, the border with which lies just 30 kilometres north of the town. Beirut hopes for a major economic boost from the flow of goods and materials through Tripoli's port and on into Syria. However, there are obstacles to this initiative, including Tripoli's Sunni-majority demographic make-up and its lack of capacity to add value to imports.

 Impacts
 Where possible, the Syrian government will favour local ports and companies.
 Tripoli's potential gains will focus on the port and associated services through increased custom and possibly infrastructure development.
 Some benefit could come to the furniture industry in northern Lebanon.
 Political settlements in Syria's north-west will be controversial and may re-ignite Sunni-Shia conflict in Tripoli.


This paper describes our participation in the proling (po- larity classication) task of the RepLab 2013 workshop. This task is fo- cused on determining whether a given text from Twitter contains a pos- itive or a negative statement related to the reputation of a given entity. We cover three dierent approaches, one unsupervised and two unsuper- vised. They combine machine learning and lexicon-based techniques with an emotional concept model. These approaches were properly adapted to English and Spanish depending on the resources available for each lan- guage. We obtained promising results in the overall evaluations, reaching a F-score of 34% and a sensitivity of 40% in the best cases. The reason- able level of performance compared to other methods encourages us to continue working on the improvement of the proposed approaches.


to address himself to the questions that beg discussion. There is no consideration of the difficulties inherent in drawing conclusions about the People's Republic from refugee interviews. Thus, those interviewed are regarded as necessarily representative, and it is implied that there is a certain continuity and homogeneity to Chinese political culture. Similarly, elite behaviour is barely distinguished from Chinese political culture, as defined by the author. Moreover, Lucian Pye's argument is contradictory and confusing in two important respects. In the first place, the logical conclusion of his argument is that though there are factions, they are difficult if not impossible to identify. However, the author does, with apparent ease but with almost no supportive evidence, identify what he considers to be the significant factions. In that exercise much has to be taken on trust. Secondly, he implies that elite behaviour is explained by Chinese political culture. However, he describes the People's Republic as " that sequestered land " (p. 47). If it is indeed " sequestered "—and surely after 70 years it seems more reasonable to suggest that it is up to the Chinese to determine the course of their own revolution—then might there not be a distinction to be made between elite behaviour and nonelite political culture?


The initial sign of infection with Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme borreliosis) for most people is erythema migrans. In this multicenter, double-blind,


Specimens of welded aluminum were exposed to seawater on the west coast of Sweden. Variants with different types of heat treatment and aging were tested. After 4.5 yr exposure the test was terminated, by which time the specimens were covered with heavy fouling. Effect of corrosion on mechanical properties of welds is described.


This research paper supports the notion that the independent auditing function tied to corporate board actions can influence accountability of corporate social responsibility strategy and implementation. These issues are instrumental in that stakeholders that includes shareholders, analysts, regulators, activists, labor unions, employees, community organizations, and the news media are requesting that firms be accountable not only for their own performance but for the performance of their entire supply chain, and for an ever-changing set of ethical issues. We present a Throughput Model that depicts independent auditors' reporting to firms' board of directors may improve its market valuation against the backdrop of an ever more complex global economy with continuing economic, social and environmental inequities.


To clarify the physical cause of premature blade cracking during the accelerated mission test(AMT) in a test cell environment,initial fracture graphic investigation and analysis of the cracked blades was carried out and an in-depth analysis of the blade was undertaken using ansis system XactLIFETM of Life Prediction Technologies inc(LPTi's XactLIFETM) system.Results show that the blades have suffered excessive airfoil creep damage,leading to excessive blade lengthening and airfoil untwisting particularly in the trailing edge region.It's believed that this uneven rubbing action might have contributed to the fatigue crack nucleation and growth process just below the platform in the shank region of the blade under AMT fatigue cycling conditions.Excessive creep deformation is therefore believed to be the significant contributor to the overall crack nucleation process.


Friction and other external disturbances,uncertainty model information and parameter variation are negative to the flight simulator system.In order to solve this problem,an Adaptive Backstepping Sliding Mode Controller(ABSMC) based on Fuzzy disturbance observer(Fdo) was proposed.On the basis of the compensation for the external disturbance and uncertainty information,starting from the stability,the controller was obtained gradually by the adaptive estimation to the uncertainty upper bound.With the simulation of one flight simulator,it can be seen that the proposed control scheme can obtain better tracking performance and more robustness against external disturbances,uncertainty model information and parameter variation to the simple Sliding Mode Controller(SMC).


Adding linguistic information (syntax or semantics) to neural machine translation (NMT) have mostly focused on using point estimates from pre-trained models. Directly using the capacity of massive pre-trained contextual word embedding models such as BERT(Devlin et al., 2019) has been marginally useful in NMT because effective fine-tuning is difficult to obtain for NMT without making training brittle and unreliable. We augment NMT by extracting dense fine-tuned vector-based linguistic information from BERT instead of using point estimates. Experimental results show that our method of incorporating linguistic information helps NMT to generalize better in a variety of training contexts and is no more difficult to train than conventional Transformer-based NMT.


As it is known, Perieles' Epitaphios has survived as part of Thucydides's detailed historical account of the Peloponnesian War. Pericles, as Thucydides claims, delivered his "Funeral Oration" in 429 BC as a eulogy, according to the "annual custom",2 for the Fallen Soldiers in the first years of the War. If this speech, because of the occasion, is a praise of the Fallen soldiers, it is also, obviously by intention on the part of Pericles, a speech charged with political and social principles. In his speech, besides the indicated and requisite praise of the soldiers, Perieles praises, mainly and inevitably, the Athenian Democracy and Freedom for which the soldiers gave their life. It is important, however, to notice that, as part of his praise of the Athenian democratie society, Pericles seems to not only raise but also emphasize the specific question of justice, excellence and citizenship, which obviousty characterised these soldiers and their Athenian society in general. Wh at might be even more significant, though, is his juxtaposing the Athenians' view of these notions as forcefully to the Sophistic as to the Spartan conceptions and practice. In this specific Sophistic reference within the twofold relation and contrast, Pericles' notions become all the more transparent, if not more prominent, since in the post-Peri clean era with the fundamental change of philosophical principles in Athens a change which often goes unnoticed and undetected or neglected and ignored by historians neither the political and social situation nor the economie and ethical action remained the same.


Examples and exercises in mathematics textbooks have an essential role in directing teaching and learning to achieve the objectives of the mathematics curriculum. This study examines mathematical tasks, i.e., examples and exercises, for a grade 4 elementary school mathematics textbook published by the Indonesian Government in 2018. We focus on geometry tasks and categorize them based on the dimensions of cognitive processes and knowledge of the revised Bloom's taxonomy. Textbook research is used to achieve the objectives of this study. The validity of the data was carried out by employing peer debriefing. The findings of this study indicate that only about 30% of the geometry tasks in this mathematics textbook require high-level mathematical thinking skills. This study also shows that procedural knowledge is more dominant and becomes an orientation in presenting geometry tasks. This finding becomes less relevant to the orientation of researchers and policymakers who want the direction of mathematics education to be forming students as problem solvers.


As a diabetes educator, you may have been taught to fear the ketone. And rightly so: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) has an inpatient mortality rate of 1% in the United states. recent data from Farsani indicate that for people with type 1 diabetes younger than age 30, 54% to 76% of deaths can be attributed to DKA. so, it may be confusing when health care professionals prescribe diets that induce ketosis or you hear ketones being referred to as "neuroprotective" or even "the perfect metabolic fuel." How can something thought to be harmful actually be beneficial?


Each primary model of the linear programming problem has a corresponding dual model. It is widely accepted that the simplex method, in addition to determining the optimal solution for the original problem, also allows specifying a solution to the dual problem. So far, the dual problem solution has mainly served the postoptimization procedure, i.e. the analysis of modification of the primary model [20, 21, 27, 28]. However, the dual model itself is not generally subject to a deeper study and no conclusions are drawn from its full analysis. The lasting and prominent place that the classic transportation model takes, requires also to be complemented through the full development of its dual problem interpretation, including post-optimization problems. This paper presents and, for the first time, widely interprets the dual model for the classic model of the transportation problem. Moreover, potential possibilities connected with the use of ambiguities of the obtained solutions to the dual problem have been shown. It has been pointed out how these capabilities can be applied to a flexible financial policy of a logistics company.


This is a short summary of the history and main directions of research of the Department of History of the Moscow University for the Humanities. This text has been originally presented as a paper at "The military history of Russia" conference, which was held at Moscow University for the Humanities on April 25, 2016.


This paper deals with categorisation of urban roads. A practical classification system is presented. This system is based on three indicators together with primary and secondary characteristics. The indicators are: type of road; vehicle-intensity and vehicle-speed. For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 286502. (Author/TRRL)


RESUME Bayesian classification of polarimetric data is based on the complex Wishart distribution of the coherency matrix. The classifier has shown to be a flexible tool available in a variety of options. In this paper we investigate several classification strategies for sea ice classification. All methods show reasonable results, although some user input prior to classification seems beneficial. Noise and incidence angle were found to affect the classification result, the latter due to a change in the relative mix of scattering mechanisms. Surface scattering is found to be strongly incidence angle dependent. Multi-frequency data have a superior information content and can separate ice types, whereas the scattering information content can not be exactly discriminated using only C-band data.


The experiment showed that the SOD activity in middle node leaves of Psophocarpus tetragonolobus was higher than that in lower and upper ones. The SOD activity in the pods and seeds at lower node was higher than that in the upper ones. The SOD activity in Psophocarpus tetragonolobus pods and seeds decreased as the node position rose.


We describe the prevalence and risk factors for advanced liver fibrosis (≥9.3 kPa) using transient elastography in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–monoinfected and HIV/HBV (hepatitis B virus)–coinfected, antiretroviral naive adults in Nigeria. HBV coinfection and HBV DNA levels significantly increased the risk of advanced fibrosis in HIV and HIV/HBV patients, respectively.


Surface water contains organic matters from human activities, discharged industrial wastewater, and generated from microbial activities in water body. Persulfate is one of the strongest oxidants and could be used to oxidize organic matters. Fluorescence excitation emission matrices is one of the qualitative methods to identify organic matters properties, instead of chromatography and ultraviolet visible detection. The objective of this study was to identify dissolved organic matter in source and treated water by using peroxidation activated persulfate followed by coagulation. Sampel was analysed by using fluorescence excitation emission matrices (FEEMs) to assess its properties. The results showed that Activated persulfate has a good performance as pretreatment, in order to oxidize organic matters, further the coagulation is suitable treatment to combine with peroxidation activated persulfate. Those treatment resulted lower fluorescence intensity in all regions, including aromatic protein, fulvic acid-like, soluble microbial products, and humic acid-like.


Breast cancer is the most common neoplasm in the female population, affecting a woman every eight during her life. The trend of incidence between 2003 and 2017 appears to increase slightly while mortality continues to decrease significantly. Early diagnosis increases the likelihood of having a cure able to overcome the disease, and for this reason mass screening programs are emphasized by all medical institutions. The purpose of screening is early diagnosis in a non-clinical phase. Currently, the reference diagnostic technique in senologic diagnosis is the X-ray mammography, principally for its good resolution. However, the woman exposition to ionizing radiation, as well as the requirement of uncon-fortable breast compression during the test, are pushing the interest toward new imaging techniques. In particular, the attention toward microwave and millimeter waves imaging systems for mass screening is increasing, as this solution could offer several benefits like the non-woman exposition to ionizing radiations. To this aim, a lot of studies have been done around the world, from microwave region to mm-wave frequencies. Starting from 2014, two extensive experimental campaigns have been performed at the European Institute of Oncology in Milan in a wide frequency range up to 50 GHz, involving more than 300 ex-vivo samples derived from around 100 women with ages spanning the range from 14 to 85 years. In this paper, considering the whole database derived from the two experimental campaigns, the correlation between the dielectric properties at 30 GHz of either healthy and tumorous tissues and the patient age, both at sample and women level, is presented. The results show that even at millimetre-wave frequencies a large fraction of the measured healthy samples exhibits dielectric properties compatible with an high adipose content, with a large contrast compared to the most of the tumorous samples, thus confirming the potential use of these frequencies for women older than around 40 years.


The demand for the family welfare programme services in India has been increasing slowly; better accessibility to the services in such a situation will definitely improve its pace. It is therefore very important that that family welfare programme of India should improve its accessibility. In this background this topic of accessibility of programme services has unique importance for increasing acceptance of the family welfare programme services. India's family welfare programme has attempted to create infrastructure so as to make services easily accessible. As per the norm there is one Sub-center for every 5000 population (or about five villages radius of about two to three kms. and accessible in about one-half of an hour)(with one female worker [ANM] and at some places one male worker). In more dense populations of urban areas a Health Post exists for about 10000 population. In less dense populations of Hills and tribal areas this norm is of 3000 population. As a norm it might be all right and reasonable but may not apply in individual cases. Thus this study assumes great importance as one would like to see that services are made accessible in most of the situations. (excerpt)


I think the above mentioned article requires some critical comments:

The antibiotic treatment of sinusitis is highly controversial—especially in the light of the current discussion about the rise of resistances and the issues with uncontrolled use of antibiotics—and is not backed by any evidence (1). Why it is important to treat the patient with antibiotics before the CT study is performed to "eliminate any acute inflammatory component that may be present" is a mystery to me.

Today, radiography of the nose is as outdated as are the other conventional x-rays. With it, we will not reveal anything which could not be detected by palpation after the swelling of the external nose has subsided. In suspected extended fracture of the nasoethmoid complex, a CT scan is always indicated.

Nota bene: The term "fracture of the nasal bone" should not be used any longer and left to the medical literature of the past. The diagnosis of an isolated fracture of the nasal bone (os nasale) can never be based on an x-ray of the nose. Since the nose consists of five bones, the term nasal fracture should be used.

Certainly, the value of ultrasonography of the paranasal sinuses for diagnosing sinusitis, especially acute sinusitis and paranasal sinus mucoceles, is significantly underestimated in this article. The diagnostic value of ultrasonography of the paranasal sinuses is above all linked to the individual practical experience. In our practice, ultrasonography has become an indispensable part of daily paranasal sinus diagnostics and its everyday use has certainly helped to avoid thousands of unnecessary x-rays.


Temporal patterns of changing landscapes will only be revealed through the description of the factors that influencing the dynamics. Faced with the need to determine these processes, this study aimed to carry out the environmental characterization of the Brazilian city of Americana-SP, as well as analyze the dynamics of use and occupation of land in 1984, 1991, 1997, 2008 and 2014. The focus of the methodological procedure was the environmental characterization of the municipality and the use of dynamic uses in landscape assessment using Landsat images, referring to the study area. Use most notably over the years was urban, an increase of 16.88% throughout the study period. In contrast, this growth has generated impacts on natural ecosystems, with loss of areas and decrease their connectivity. The municipal planning should be systematic so that they are sustainably ideals, fulfilling your goals. Keywords: Use and Land Cover; Dynamic Landscape; Conservation of Ecosystems.


Abstract Human enterovirus 71 (EV-A71) is one of the main etiological agents of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), which has been prevalent mainly in the Asia-Pacific region in the past several decades. The nonstructural proteins of EV-A71 will be expressed significantly during viral replication in host cells after EV-A71 infection. For the determination of the antibodies response against nonstructural proteins of EV-A71, in this study, the complete 2ABC, 3ABC, and 3D proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli and were then studied for their immunoreactivity by immunoblot assay and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Three His-tagged fusion proteins were expressed effectively in E. coli, which were in agreement with the expected molecular mass. The results from immunoblot assay and indirect ELISA showed that all three purified fusion proteins can react with IgG antibodies from EV-A71-infected patients, but can hardly be recognized by IgG antibodies derived from mice or ra...


The dominant economic model of today is the service economy, and it is important for most companies, especially service firms, to manage the business for customer satisfaction. The purpose of this study is to research and analyze the needs of the business for service education and to propose new method of business manners education in junior college. To achieve this goal, literature survey and telephone interviews have been used. Through the literature survey, the meanings of service, the service quality, and the curriculum of the service academy have been examined. The telephone interviews with 20 persons, who are CEOs, teachers, doctors, and worker of insurance companies were conducted for this study to get the importance on contents of business manners education. The results are summarized as follows: 1) define a goal of business manners education. Business manners education improves customer satisfaction; attitude, manners, and etiquette of businessperson. 2) suggest a new curriculum of business manners education. 3) develop a model of the laboratory for service education. 4) demand train for customer satisfaction service mind. 5) provide case study of the successful service firms. 6) propose the method of team-teaching.


Background: Salmonella is a gram-negative bacteria that can cause diarrheal illness in humans. Raw meat, especially pork, undercooked products of poultry meat, eggs and products containing raw eggs as well as unpasteurized milk are foods posing the greatest hazard to public health. If present in food, it does not usually affect the taste, smell, or appearance of the food. The bacteria live in the intestinal tracts of infected animals and humans. In the present study, we employed RCR method for screening and identification of Salmonella serovar Enteritidis in poultry skins from commercial samples in Iran. Methods: Salmonella enterica serovars Enteritidis was grown on buffered peptone water. Artificial inoculation of chicken skin samples was done and a control sample was included to ensure that the skin was not naturally contaminated with Salmonella after DNA was extracted from inoculated chicken skin samples, amplification of invA gene was performed using PCR. Results: Using PCR on genomic DNA from chicken skin indicated, artificially contamination with S. Enteritidis as a band of 796 bp in size (belonged to invA gene) was observed after electrophoresis. PCR on these skin samples resulted in 38 (71%) positive bands of 796 bp. Detected bands corresponding to 790 bp, represent contamination of samples with bacteria, with different rate depending on intensity of the bands. Conclusion: current findings indicated that PCR could be used as a reliable screening test to obtain results in a shorter period of time in comparison with the cultural method.


A case of an isolated hypoglossal nerve palsy is reported. The differential diagnosis is discussed, in the context of the requirement for careful scrutiny of the entire course of the hypoglossal nerve on imaging, to detect underlying pathology remote from the tongue, and to avoid unnecessary invasive diagnostic procedures prompted by the appearance of a 'pseudomass' of the weak tongue both clinically and radiologically.


The study aims to analyze the features of comorbidity and the nature of the course of sepsis in on- cohematological patients. A comparative analysis of the clinical examination and observation data of 25 patients with lymphoproliferative diseases (multiple myeloma and lymphomas) was carried out. The patients were divided into four groups as follows: the first group included patients who had received cytostatic therapy with sepsis complications, while the third group comprised those without complications; the second and fourth groups included patients with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation after the course of cytostatic therapy with and without sepsis complications, respectively. The statistical analysis of the data obtained was carried out with the nonparametric Mann–Whitney test, the χ2 test and Fisher's exact test were used in the analysis of qualitative indicators with p < 0.05. There were pronounced stages of chronic cardiovascular pathology in groups with sepsis complications, including those with fatal outcomes, which demonstrated the critical importance of vascular disruption as an underlying disease in the development, course, and outcomes of sepsis. In the study of biomarkers reflecting the activity of inflammation and cellular damage, the level of C-reactive protein in both groups with sepsis statistically significantly differed from that of groups without sepsis, while the level of lactate dehydrogenase showed statisti cally significant differences between the first and the corresponding third comparison group. A dramatic increase in the level of lactate dehydrogenase was detected in both groups with transplantation of autologous hematopoietic stem cells with and without sepsis complications. That corresponds to the literature data and is associated with an increase in the level of cell lysis following transplantation. There were no statistically significant differences in the level of thrombocytopenia (a typical marker value) between groups with sepsis and groups without sepsis. The earch for markers of risk and the severe course of sepsis require further research.


The first successful syntheses of Ph2P(Te)(CH2)nP(Te)Ph2 (n = 2, 4, 6) via oxidation of Ph2P(CH2)nPPh2 by tellurium powder are reported. The prepared compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, 31P and 125Te NMR spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray analysis.


An issue for implementation of single step genomic evaluations is how to weight genomic and pedigree relationships in modelling genetic co-variance. A weighting parameter lambda ranging between 0 and 1 can be used in the statistical model, with higher values corresponding to greater weighting of genomic information. We investigated appropriate values of lambda for a range of carcass traits in terminal sire sheep breeds, using the accuracy and bias of genomic prediction of breeding values as criteria. The accuracy generally increased with lambda, although the "optimal" value of lambda at the maximum accuracy varied widely, covering almost the entire range of possible values across traits. Accuracy typically approached an asymptote towards the optimal lambda, so a wide range of values could be used with minimal loss of prediction accuracy. The bias in Estimated Breeding Values (EBVs) increased with lambda, such that EBVs over-predicted phenotypic performance at high values of lambda.


Seasonal variation in the algal symbiosis and growth of Astrangia poculata, a faculta- tively symbiotic temperate scleractinian, was explored in Rhode Island, USA. Coral pigmentation and growth were measured simultaneously and repeatedly in both zooxanthellate (corals with symbionts) and azooxanthellate (symbiont free) colonies at 2 sites (~10 km apart) over a 15 mo period using non- destructive digital image analysis methods. A chlorophyll density proxy based on coral pigmentation was derived from multivariate analysis of color data from coral images, and polyps were enumerated to measure colony growth. Among zooxanthellate corals, predicted chlorophyll density exhibited significant seasonal fluctuations that were positively related to temperature, with maxima occurring during late summer and early autumn. Pigmentation dynamics in azooxanthellate corals were more variable, although many of these corals displayed temporal fluctuations in pigmentation. Growth also exhibited seasonal fluctuations positively related to temperature, and ceased during the coldest 3 to 4 mo of the year. Corals lost live polyps during the winter as a result of tissue thinning and dormancy, which rendered the colony unable to fend off settling organisms. Although zooxanthellate colonies were able to grow faster than azooxanthellate colonies, coral pigmentation explained only 23% of the variation in growth rate, emphasizing the importance of heterotrophy as the primary source of nutrition for A. poculata at this northern margin of its range.


Abstract Glass dises form capacitors during ion-beam sputtering. The charge transfer to the surface under bombardment generates a build-up of surface potentials. These surface potentials cause a change in the concentration of sodium on the surface of flat Na2O.n-SiO2 discs by a drift of mobile Na+-ions. The ion beam mills the surface. Sputtered sodium atoms are partly excited and ermit at λ = 589 nm the Nal-radiation. An abrupt change of the surface potential produces a characteristic transient in the photon current/time plot. These transients are caused by absorption currents or the currents of residual charge consisting of mobile Na+-ions. These currents generate a change in the concentration of sodium or other mobile cations on/in the glass surfaces. The time dependence of the Na-concentration changes is reflected in the IBSCA-plot and these intensity/time changes can be calculated according to a model. Other surface analysis methods which cause a charge transfer to the glass surface, may show a simila...


Graham Meadows, University of Melbourne and North Western Health Cure Network, Australin: Professor Vaughan Carr's and others evaluation of consultation-liaison (C-L) work in general practice [ I ] presents us with some further information on the development of general practice (GP) C-L services in Australia. John Reilly makes some points about necessities in reporting for this type of study [ 2 ] and I wish to add some more. It seems surprising that GP C-L seems to gain little support from this study of its effectiveness: clinical supervision is highly valued in medicine and why this model of supervision should not seem particularly effective is intriguing. How may we explain this? The paper explores some hypotheses regarding the model, and mostly fails to find confirmatory evidence for them on the basis of Chi-squared and ANOVA tests. However, to fail to confirm a hypothesis is not to falsify it, and this distinction may be important here. If we review the presented data, we find that the subjective emotional health ratings of the C-L referrals on a five-point scale have a mean of 2.56 at time one and 2.98 at time two. The control group, by comparison, has a mean of 3.03 at time one and a mean of 3.19 at time two. Hence, the emotional health of the C-L referrals is found, in this group, to have improved by 0.42 on a five-point Likert scale of rating of emotional health. The controls started off as less severe on this measure, and improved less. A mean improvement in emotional health on average of half of one point on a five-point Likert scale may be clinically significant even if not statistically so. The study did not find any statistically significant improvement in C-L referrals over the controls; however, it did not exclude the possibility that there might be such an improvement, and indeed that such an improvement may be clinically significant. The power to exclude such a clinically significant difference within the study design is not given. Another point relates to choice of controls. The implicit assumption is that control cases not recognised by general practitioners, but matched on symptom scales, will show similar prognoses without intervention. However, as evident from the above, the controls were not particularly well matched for emotional health as self-rated. This may be a sign that the control selection strategy is less than ideal. Less than ideal control selection is, however, to be expected; the study should certainly not be disregarded for this. The establishment of such Services is still viewed as in some measure an unorthodox task, and it requires considerable effort. Some of the hypotheses put forward in the paper could only be rigorously answered by truly experimental studies. This introduces distortion: to evaluate such a service in a truly experimental fashion is to evaluate the service presented as an experiment. This itself will affect the results that would be obtained in the more 'natural' situation where improving GP liaison and shared-care procedures is simply seen as advancing good practice. Quasi-experimental studies or comparison groups with suboptimal matching may be the best that can reasonably be done, and the reported study stands as a high quality example of this type. This said, where the methodology is of this nature the conclusions we draw should be tempered by understanding of the limitations of the method. It may be important that we look beyond analyses that examine confirmation or otherwise of null hypotheses at the 0.05 level. By looking closely at the actual data, we can avoid inadvertently discarding potentially good service models by inappropriate inference from statistics examining for type one errors only. One might also reaffirm John Reilly's point that the results of this service cannot be held as generalising to all implementations of GP C-L. This service has its own particular characteristics, and the characteristics of other collaborative relationships with general practitioners under this broad title may not be the same. I work in C-L services with GPs myself, although in a different model from that set out in this paper. I know of other psychiatrists in Victoria and other states developing services of this type. I have already received one comment from a colleague at a conference on the lines of 'but consultation-liaison in general practice doesn't work, does it?', based on this paper. Professor Carr's paper, if carefully read, is helpful but, while failing to convincingly confirm the effectiveness of C-L in general practice, it has not invalidated such programs as potentially useful strategies. Further work is needed in this area, but in the meantime, any rumours of the death of C-L psychiatry in general practice should be regarded as exaggerated.


The Bankruptcy (Scotland) Act 1993 made far-reaching changes to the law of personal insolvency in Scotland. This text examines these changes in detail, including procedures affecting Trust deeds and rights of trustees to petition sequestration, the system of summary administration, the fact that the accountant in small bankruptcy becomes Trustee in many "small assets" cases, and other amendments to existing law. This text is reprinted from "Current Law Statutes" with an expanded index prepared by Professor McBryde.


The extraction of flavonoids from the leaves and stems of Rubus caesius L. was optimized by single factor experiments and an orthogonal array design. Antioxidant activity of flavonoids extracts was determined by 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate)(ABTS), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) radical scavenging assays. The optimal extraction conditions for total flavonoids were determined as follows: 80 ℃, 70 min, and 60% ethanol as the extraction solvent with a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:90(g/m L). By comparing the adsorption and separation efficiencies of flavonoids with 14 different macroporous resins, AB-8 resin was selected as the most efficient adsorbent as it had the best adsorption and desorption capacity for flavonoids from R. caesius L. By single factor experiments, the optimal purification conditions for crude flavonoids from R. caesius L. leaves and stems were established as follows: sample loading flow rate, 1 m L/min; flavonoids concentration of sample, 0.32 mg/m L; sample volume, 80 m L; desorption solvent, 40 m L of 60% ethanol; and desorption flow rate, 1.5 m L/min. After being separated and purified by AB-8 resin, both total flavonoids content and total antioxidant capacity were significantly improved. The total flavonoids contents from leaves and stems were increased by 1.4 and 2.4 times, the ABTS radical scavenging rates by 1.7 and 2.5 times, and the DPPH radical scavenging rates by 1.7 and 2.6 times, respectively. These results demonstrate that the leaves and stems of R. caesius L. have high flavonoids contents and antioxidant activity, and can be potential sources of natural antioxidants.


A test screen containing as a new element "tilted test plates" has been constructed, the image of which in a fluorographic camera gives data for a comprehensive study of its optical properties. It is intended for use in the routine testing of cameras in hospitals and in the development of optical systems.


This paper is concerned with the identification problem of two degree of freedom robot arm's joints' time-varying stiffness under time-varying torque loads. The industrial robot arms can be simplified into series hinged linkage mechanism. The unrestraint dynamic equation of two degrees of freedom robot arm can be obtained by using analytical mechanics method. The model which was established in Pro/E had been imported into ADAMS for simulation. And the simulation consisted of free vibration and forced vibration. Then by choosing limited memory least square method and using the post-processing measured variables, time-varying stiffness could have been identified. Finally, the calculative stiffness was compared to the "real" stiffness which was simulated in ADAMS. The whole process shows that the robot arm's dynamic model and the method of identification are both effective. DOI:  http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomnika.v10i8.1644 Full Text: PDF


The analytic structure of distributions -i.e. the decomposability of the latter in sums of boundary values of analytic functions can be investigated not only from the microlocal point of view, but more globally in complex space. For this purpose we introduce in Cn (or in more general manifolds) a large class of domains D called "tuboids", the closure of which contains a real domain J2 (J2 = D p)-Kn) -the boundary values on Q of functions which are analytic in D can then be considered (here in the sense of distributions ). It turns out that the decomposability properties in domains of this type are intimately related with the geometry of the latter, in particular with their pseudoconvexity properties. In this connection, we shall state some pseudoconvexity criterions and theorems of analytic completion.


In this work we present a reliable and fully openhardware platform developed in the frame of RECOMP project that provides a initial approach towards the utilization of open platforms for safety critical applications. This paper describes how the platform has been developed according to the RECOMP project guidelines and taking into account the avionic standards DO-254 and DO-178C as well as the industrial standards IEC 61508. The results present a modular platform composed by two main processing chips, an ARM9 processor and a Virtex-6 FPGA with two different configurations, one based on a Quad-core Leon-3 and a Dual-core MicroBlaze. OS support based on the PikeOS and OpenRTOS-FreeRTOS respectively are provided. The paper states how open hardware platforms as here described can be used for safety-critical applications, improving the collection of evidences of robustness, reducing time to market/cost and helping in the process of certification/recertifications of safety critical products. Keywords— open-hardware, reliable, COTS, safety-critical systems, certification, DO-254 standard, FPGA, multicore architecture


By means of the function induced by a logical formula A,the concept of integral truth of the logical formula A is introduced in one kind of fuzzy logic system based on Frank tnorm,then the absolute similarity degree and pseudo-distance between two formulas are defined by using the integral truth,and their properties are discussed.


AbstractThe nonlinear dynamics leading to the generation of superinertial internal waves in the ocean, in the wake of a cyclonic storm, is investigated by means of theoretical arguments and of numerical integration of the hydrostatic Boussinesq equations in a simplified, realistic, open-ocean setting. The velocity fields are first decomposed into internal baroclinic modes, and then the energy transfer across modes and at different frequencies is calculated analytically. The energy transfer across modes is dominated by the advection of high-mode m waves by the second- and third-mode waves (n = 2 or 3), which are the most energetic, and this results in the excitation of the l = m − 2 or m − 3 mode wave at the double-inertial frequency. The analyzed nonlinear interactions lead to a transfer of energy from near-inertial waves, directly excited by the storm, to superinertial waves, which typically propagate faster and farther than their lower-frequency parents and can lead to internal mixing even at large dist...


Abstract : CONCLUSIONS: An experimental model of a kinetically stable aerosol of beta-hemolytic streptococcus was obtained. Blood serum and gelatin had a protective effect on beta-hemolytic streptococcus in the experimental aerosol. A low temperature (4 degrees) aided the survival of beta-hemolytic streptococcus in the experimental aerosol. Viability of beta-hemolytic streptococcus, 'protected' by gelatin in Ringer-Locke's liquid, in the bacterial cloud did not depend on the relative humidity of air.


Wear tests were carried out on reciprocating pin-on-plate machines which had pins loaded at 10 N and 40 N. The materials tested were irradiated cross-linked polyethylene sliding against itself, irradiated ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene sliding against itself and non-irradiated ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene sliding against itself. After 153.5 km of sliding, the non-irradiated ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene plates and pins showed mean wear factors under 10 N loads, or a nominal contact stress of 0.51 MPa, of 84.0 × 10−6 mm3/N m for the plates and 81.3 × 10−6 mm3/N m for the pins. Under 40 N loads, or a nominal contact stress of 2.04 MPa, the non-irradiated ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene pins sheared at 22.3 km. At the last measurement point prior to this failure, 19.1 km, wear factors of 158 × 10−6mm3/N m for the plates and 85.0 × 10−6 mm3/N m for the pins had been measured. After 152.8 km, the irradiated ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene plates and pins showed mean wear factors under 10 N loads of 59.8 × 10−6 mm3/N m for the plates and 31.1 × 10−6 mm3/N m for the pins. In contrast, after 150.2 km, a mean wear factor of 0.72 × 10−6 mm3/N m was found for the irradiated cross-linked polyethylene plates compared with 0.053 × 10−6 mm3/N m for the irradiated cross-linked polyethylene pins.


Aim of the Study: The study aimed at evaluation of awareness of Susceptibility to Human Papilloma Virus and Cervical Cancer Screening among Nurses at University of Benin Teaching Hospital.
Research Design: Cross sectional descriptive survey design was used for the study.
Study Place: The place of study is University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria.
Duration of Study: Data was collected within four weeks in December 2016.
Method of Data Collection: A validated self-structured questionnaire was utilised for data collection. A total of 281 nurses who worked in UBTH were recruited for the study. The study setting was purposively selected due the cervical cancer mortality observed among nurses in recent time. The level of significance was put at 0.05.
Findings: The results showed that 62 (24.2%) and 153 (59.8%) of the nurses are aware of susceptibility to Human papilloma Virus and cervical cancer and its prevention, respectively. However, 116 (45.3%) exhibited a negative attitude towards the proven screening modality. Those who demonstrated negative attitude towards pap smears utilisation were less likely to utilise it. This was found to be statistically significant (chi-square = 14.899, df = 1, p value = 0.000.
Conclusion: Besides, nurses with university education exhibited positive attitude towards pap smear test more than their counterparts who had diploma education in nursing/midwifery. Similarly, older nurses exhibited a positive attitude more than the younger counterparts.
Recommendation: Intervention programmes that would focus on change of attitude of the nurses towards utilisation of cervical cancer screening were recommended. Further study on the utilisation of cervical cancer screening by these nurses were also was also recommended.


Electronics may be approaching a plateau. To ensure a renewed growth, a new philosphy of engineering is needed. In such a philosophy, systems engineering and the physical sciences will provide complementary and lasting disciplines for our future innovators. To many experienced observers in industry, government, and education, the electronics industry looks young and vigorous with a bright and unlimited future. The spark of transistor science and the power of large financial support by industry and government have brought electronics rapidly to major industry status. If its growth continues, it promises to pervade all aspects of our socioeconomic lives.


After Chinese entrance into WTO, in order to raise the competition ability of state owned enterprise, we must pay more attention to train youth talent, establish a sound mechanism of talent cultivation and incitement, and strengthen the exploitation of youth talent resource, at the same time, governments at various levels should create favorable condition for talent resource exploitation of the state - owned enterprise.


Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are devoted to be the main participants in Industry 4.0 (I4.0) solutions. In recent years, many authors have focused their efforts on making proposals for the design and implementation of CPS based on different digital technologies. However, the comparative evaluation of these I4.0 solutions is complex, since there is no uniform criterion when it comes to defining the test scenarios and the metrics to assess them. This paper presents a technology-independent CPS demonstrator for benchmarking I4.0 solutions. To that end, a set of testing scenarios, Key Performance Indicators and services were defined considering the available automation cells setup. The proposed demonstrator has been used to test an I4.0 solution based on a Multi-agent Systems (MAS) approach.


Objective To investigate status on occupation protection for those enterprises in which the workers have a high risk to infect Avian Influenza to infect Avian Influenza in Shunyi district, Beijing, and provide scientific evidence to constitute the preventive policy for Avian Influenza to these enterprises. Method A stratified cluster random sampling was used 36 enterprises and 191 people who have a high risk to infect Avian Influenza were selected in Shunyi district, Beijing in April and Mei,2006. Survey contents included questionnaires on management and behavior of occupation protection. Results The rates of all kinds of management item were less than 40.0%,those in joint venture enterprise and state owned enterprise were significantly higher than individual enterprise(P0.05);and those in large enterprise was significantly higher than small size enterprise(P0.05).The rates that people took protection measure were 85.3%~16.8%,those in joint venture enterprise were significantly higher than individual enterprise(P0.05); and those in large enterprise is significantly higher than small size enterprise(P0.05). Conclusion The status on occupation protection for those enterprises in which the workers have a high risk to infect Avian Influenza in Shunyi district, Beijing was polarized, and that in the large enterprise and joint venture enterprise were better than individual enterprise and small size individual enterprise. The departments concerned should take effectively measures to strengthen the implementation of occupation protection measure.


Experimental and theoretical studies on oxide solid solutions are presented. The precision of the e.m.f. measurements reported enables the deviations from regular solution models of both MnO + NiO and MnO + CoO solution to be demonstrated. The heats of mixing measured for the latter solution accord fairly well with the results of lattice energy calculations. For MnO + NiO, however, disagreement is found. We suggest that this may be due to a change in electronic structure of the Mn2+ ion on entering the NiO host. Simple estimates of the energetics involved support our proposals.


Some of the 1: 50 000 topographic maps are still not available in Western China. With the development of the remote sensing, it is applied more and more in topographic maps production. The image recognizing and interpreting is an important step in this process, and the hydrologic feature is one of the most important features detected on the surface. In this paper, multisource images are analyzed in different method, and the hydrologic features are extracted. The result shows that different hydrologic features could be extracted with different methods, and the outcome can be applied in 1∶50 000 topographic maps production.


Flow cytometry is considered as a modern analytical method that can be used to detect multiple physical characteristics of particles suspend in liquid phase.Due to these advantages of rapid and high sensitivity,flow cytometry has been gradually used for the detection of foodborne pathogenic microorganisms.In this article,the principle and procedure for flow cytometry were introduced,and two major application platform including flow cytometer and Luminex system were discussed.Recent researches for application of flow cytometry for detection of foodborne pathogen were investigated and reviewed,analysis methods based on foodborne pathogen whole cells and nucleic acid were discussed,and future application of flow cytometry for detection of foodborne pathogen was prospected.


The staff of our laboratory made a collection of both plankton and epiphytic micro-organisms on Utricularia in a swamp located closely west to Lake Toro-ko, where the limnological survey was carried out on the same day (23rd August 1957). This swamp is situated between the lake and the River Kushiro, which is mean-dering about in the peaty district. There is only a narrow route, through which even an Ainu-canoe can scarcely pass. The water-weed (Utricularia japonica) was so densely growing on the route-side that a canoe could not go out of the route.(1) Considerable lots of rotatorian species were identified among the specimens. Twenty-three kinds of rotifers were found in the plankton samples, and eighteen species were recorded from the epiphytic samples, and they became thirty-two species in total. Besides them, there were found a few rotifers, which could not determine to species.(2) Nine species were in common from both samples ; eight of them, excepting Keratella cochlearis, were the creeping rotifers. All of ten epiphytic rotifers, which were not found in the plankton samples, were creeping species. On the other hand, six out of fifteen species, which were observed only in the plankton samples, belonged to swimming members.(3) Most of the rotifers determined were the common species. Lecane ligona (DUNLOP) was recorded for the first time in our country. The typical form of Brachionus quadridentatus was found in the samples taken among Utricularia, and brevispinus-form of the same species was detected also in the plankton samples.(4) In addition, the zooplankton of Lake Toro-ko itself were very poor, notwithstanding the enormous phytoplanktonts occurred.


OBJECTIVE
To compare the effect of Scientific Exercises Approach to Scoliosis (SEAS) exercises with "usual care" rehabilitation programmes in terms of the avoidance of brace prescription and prevention of curve progression in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

DESIGN
Prospective controlled cohort observational study.

PATIENTS
Seventy-four consecutive outpatients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, mean 15 degrees (standard deviation 6) Cobb angle, 12.4 (standard deviation 2.2) years old, at risk of bracing who had not been treated previously.

METHODS
Thirty-five patients were included in the SEAS exercises group and 39 in the usual physiotherapy group. The primary outcome included the number of braced patients, Cobb angle and the angle of trunk rotation.

RESULTS
There were 6.1% braced patients in the SEAS exercises group vs 25.0% in the usual physiotherapy group. Failures of treatment in the worst-case analysis were 11.5% and 30.8%, respectively. In both cases the differences were statistically significant. Cobb angle improved in the SEAS exercises group, but worsened in the usual physiotherapy group. In the SEAS exercises group, 23.5% of patients improved and 11.8% worsened, while in the usual physiotherapy group 11.1% improved and 13.9% worsened.

CONCLUSION
These data confirm the effectiveness of exercises in patients with scoliosis who are at high risk of progression. Compared with non-adapted exercises, a specific and personalized treatment (SEAS) appears to be more effective.


In recent years, researchers have questioned the legitimacy of the so-called myth of learning styles and expressed confusion about exactly when and why the idea first emerged. This historical study traces the origin and emergence of the learning style idea. The author argues that the learning style idea originated in the 1960s as part of a broader effort to reach inner-city African American youth that certain educators deemed culturally deficient. By the time scholars developed learning style inventory instruments for mostly white children, they removed the race-specific language, and educators quickly forget the ethnocentric origins of the learning style idea.


Forensic anthropology is the application of anthropology to criminal investigations. It incorporates con- cepts and methods from biological anthropology (the study of the physical aspects of humanity).Identifying unknown individuals is a key part of forensic anthropology. Anthropologists assist in identifications primarily by constructing a bio- logical profile. This includes estimating age, sex, stature, and ancestry, as well as identifying specific characteristics, like diseases or injuries. In addition to helping identify human remains, the anthropologist analyzes injuries that happened around the time of a per- son's death, which can help determine how a person died. To do these things, an anthropologist begins by asking a series of important questions. In order to correctly identify found human remains using skeletal material, forensic anthropologists focus on determining as many physical characteristics as possible, including age, gender, stature, and body type. Methods of estimation are quite reliable, though not 100% accurate, especially regarding phenotypic representations such as weight distribution or race. This paper will outline the methods used to determine these characteristics, and explain some of the problems forensic anthropologists face when attempting to match an individual with a set of skeletal remains.


We prove an energy quantization result for Willmore surfaces with bounded index, whether the underlying Riemann surfaces degenerates in the moduli space or not. To do so, we translate the question on the conformal Gauss map's point of view. In particular, we prove that in a neck or a collar region, the conformal Gauss map converges to a light-like geodesic in the De Sitter space.


(57) Abstract: travel dynamics control system of a motor vehicle - a method for compensating the temperature dependence of the coil resistance of at least one second magnet valve used in hydro-connecting machine is achieved by the following procedure. That is, to determine the temperature T Specific temperature T in consideration of the temperature model of the coil of the first magnet valve Based on Based on the temperature T Then, based on specific temperature T


Objective To examine the relationship between auditory steady-state evoked potentials (SSEPs) and behavioral thresholds in children.Methods 30 children with hearing thresholds ranging from 90dB to 120dB were selected and they are all sensory deafness. SSEPs and behavioral thresholds are tested at 500Hz,1000Hz,2000Hz and 4000Hz. Then we calculate the standard deviation values and regression line at each frequency and dicuss the relationship between them. Results A strong relationship between behavioral and SSEP thresholds was observed. The strength of the relationship increased with increasing frequency. On the basis of these data, the prediction of behavioral thresholds from SSEP levels was determined. It was found that the standard deviation of the error in this prediction decreased with increasing frequency.Conclusions The results suggest that the SSEP technique can be used as a predictor of behavioral thresholds in children.


The presence of noise during the performance of cognitive tasks involving memory, commonly causes a subjective experience of annoyance, which can lead to a decline in performance. This tendency is stronger for meaningful noise such as music and conversation than for meaningless noise such as road traffic noise. This paper describes the psychophysiological effects of meaningful noise. Specifically, we first focus on the degree of meaningfulness of noise, then discuss how the brain responds during auditory cognitive tasks. Transient event-related potentials (ERPs), elicited by internal or external stimuli, can be measured using electroencephalography (EEG). P300 ERPs are related to the operation of selective attention. The present experiment was designed to determine the effects of meaningfulness of the noise on a odd-ball paradigm. To this end, we examined differences in the P300 ERPs of these components. In addition, we considered the psychological impression of annoyance in response to the noise, and a performance, such as reaction time. Our results suggested that meaningful noise has a strong influence on selective attention to stimuli in auditory cognitive tasks.


The goal of this project is to simulate blood flow in the human brain using the CFD software package OpenFOAM. The immersed boundary (IB) method has proven to be a suitable method for these type of simulations. An attempt is made to utilise the simplicity of the IB method without having to rely on grid cells which lay outside the region of interest, while maintainig the quality of the numerical solution. This reduction in the total number of cells, which can amount up to 95%, could lead to significantly less computation time. By consecutively studying flow simulations through model and realistic geometries, first order convergence of the numerical solution is shown, which compares to previous studies adopting the IB method, and even unexpected higher-order convergence is observed.


The forecast of transforms monitoring is always the difficulty of deformation measuring.Its results directly affect human production and life.Especially,the influences of season always bring fluctuate to the forecasting results.Therefore,a deformation monitoring prediction method of combining the method of moving average seasonal-removal with model was proposed.As considering the change caused by season as well as the special relation between the series data,the forecasting accuracy was improved.At last,the real data provided by SCIGN of the USA were used to valid the reliability of the proposed method.


Language learning is one of the most rapidly changing disciplines. Along with changing perspectives in learning in the field of Second Language Acquisition, information communication technology (ICT) has also created many learning paths to assist the process of learning a second language (L2). In such an ever-evolving environment, teachers, researchers, and professionals in a diverse number of disciplines need access to the most current information about research on the field of computer-enhanced language acquisition and learning. The Handbook of Research on Computer-Enhanced Language Acquisition and Learning provides comprehensive coverage of successful translation of language learning designs utilizing ICT in practical learning contexts. This authoritative reference source offers researchers, scholars, students, and professionals worldwide, access to the latest knowledge related to research on computer-enhanced language acquisition and learning.


In order to analyze the capacity of the opening high-speed rail (HSR) to compete against the existing alternatives in the Guangzhou-Zhaoqing transport corridor, a mixed stated preference (SP) and revealed preference (RP) is adopted to calculate tourists' preference pattern for alternatives. Twelve potential variables, preliminary selecting from personal attributes, travel characteristics, and transport characteristics, are conducted to the binary logit model (BL) and the multinomial logit model (MNL) to forecast the market share of alternatives before and after the opening the HSR respectively. The result shows that before the opening of HSR, the market share of coach and conventional railway (CR) are 68.43% and 31.57%, respectively. However, after the opening of HSR, HSR attracts 62.99% market share, which is composed of 36.21% from the coach and 26.78% from the CR. The conclusion provides a foundation for predicting the share rate of passenger flow for establishing intercity railway.


In an example, monetary policy can determine the information revealed by prices, and thus it can be effective, even desirable.


management of plant disease, the inputs of both production as well as protection technologies need to be applied appropriately. For healthy crops, the management practices that reduce inoculum potential and avoid the conditions that predispose the host are selected. In protection technologies, practices that reduce inoculum load and slow down the disease progress are invariably adopted. Late blight of potato caused by Phytopthora infestans (Mont) de Bary has the potential to destroy the potato crop within a short period, thereby causing serious reduction in tuber yield and quality. In the present study, field trials were conducted with a view to integrate host resistance and fungicides for management of late blight under Tarai conditions.


In recent years, as distributed generation, new loads and new FACTS devices widely access, high sensitive power users increasing, the existing automatic voltage control (AVC) technology of urban power grid have been unable to meet the new requirements under the new situation on the control objectives, control strategy and control means. In the aspect of control objectives, it only meets the reactive power balance of partition and voltage qualified rate of control bus, doesn't effectively reflect the user-end need of high quality power supply, therefore it is difficult to achieve the global optimal. In the aspect of voltage control means, it have not covered the Reactive Power device of distribution and demand side; In the aspect of voltage control strategy, it focuses on the transmission network optimization, and the control strategy applicable to the special structure features of distribution grid has not been established. Therefore, this article puts forward the coordinated control system that based on the existing three-level voltage control, expand reactive voltage control of distribution and demand side, and fully meet the requirements of the user-end static and dynamic voltage quality. Through perfectly choosing reasonable coordination variables, it finally constructs the entire network reactive power/voltage control system, which coordinates the transmission and distribution network control with multi-objective, multi-level, discrete and continuous coordination control.


Sulfide formation in a reducing atmosphere was studied on a fluidized bed test rig.Test results show that,under reducing conditions,most of the sulfur in the fuel is converted first into H_2S,while only a small proportion is being converted into SO_2,which,the author believes,originates from the decomposition of sulfate.The amount of H_2S formed is greatly influenced by the reducing atmosphere,the proportion of organic sulfur,as well as the amount of oxygen present,which means that the stronger the reducing atmosphere,the higher the proportion of organic sulfur content and the lower the oxygen content,the more H_2S will be produced;H_2S formation rate depends both on the volatile matter and the organic sulfur content in the coal,i.e.the higher the volatile content and the lower the organic sulfur content,the earlier H_2S will appear.Simple sulfur is easily formed in strong reducing atmospheres originating from coals containing little volatile matter and low in organic sulfur content.Therefore during desulfurizing processes,in circulating fluidized beds effective measures should be taken to remove H_2S generated during the combustionof coal,especially in case its sulfur content being high.Figs 6,tables 2 and refs 12.


Patients treated for invasive aspergillosis may relapse during subsequent periods of immunosuppression and should receive secondary prophylaxis. Little is known about the frequency of relapse and practices of secondary prophylaxis for invasive fusariosis (IF).


The invention relates to a method for heating and controlling the temperature of a heated with a liquid and / or vaporous heat-transfer tool with at least one heating circuit for shaping and / or fixing of moldings of thermosetting or cross-linkable materials. Starting from the disadvantages of the known prior art, a method is to be created that enables a precise adjustment of the Werkzeugisttemperatur to the required target temperature at least during the stationary heating period. It is proposed as a solution that heizkreisspezifisches heating profile is stored as a basis for regulating the mold temperature before the heating and control process in the memory of the control unit. The heating and control process is divided into at least two periods, a heating-up period with at least one heating phase and at least one Einschwenkphase and a stationary heating period with different control behavior. In the Einschwenkphase the supply of heat transfer medium is timed interrupted, the actual temperature on the tool is measured for the first time during the first Einschwenkphase and the supply of heat transfer medium in the heating period in dependence on the desired / actual comparison temperature timed interrupted. The temperature-dependent changes effected by supply of heat transfer medium over an "open" and a "closed" position actuatable valve, wherein the time-controlled operation of the valve over a predetermined control algorithm is made.


OBJECTIVES: Emphasizing scapular muscles force couple activation and conventional exercises to treat scapular dyskinesis in secondary subacromial impingement syndrome on reducing pain, disability index and fear avoidance beliefs.
STUDY DESIGN: Quasi experimental study design.
STUDY SETTING: Outpatient department of KMCH hospitals, coimbatore.
SAMPLE SIZE&INTERVENTION: 30 individual with subacromial impingement syndrome who met the inclusion criteria were selected for the study.
• GROUP- A (experimental) : 15 individuals received scapular muscles force couple
activation exercises.
• GROUP- B (control) : 15 individuals received conventional exercises.
OUTCOME MEASURE:
• Pain status.
• Disability index.
• Fear avoidance belief level.
MEASUREMENT TOOLS:
• Shoulder pain and disability index.
• Fear avoidance belief questionnaire.
RESULTS & CONCLUSION:
The data were analyzed using paired, and independent 't' tests at 5% level of significance.
the scapular muscles force couple activation exercises group showed a greater
improvement when compared with the conventional exercises group.
The results of this study concluded that scapular muscles force couple activation is more
effective for subacromial impingement syndrome individuals.


The article shows that one of the most significant factors influencing a decrease in the accuracy of parts achieved during machining is the occurrence of technological residual stresses, leads to significant changes in their geometric shape. The paper reveals technological aspects of vibration stabilizing processing of parts, presents methods of its implementation, and considers possible methods of its implementation and its influence on the change in residual stresses of parts of low rigidity. The ways of increasing the efficiency of vibration stabilizing treatment ensuring its application to stabilize the quality of parts and, as a consequence, the service life of aircraft.


Starting from basic zener stabilizer design, this article presents the design principles of transistorized stabilizers and stabilizers using Op Amps and Voltage regulator ICs. Overcurrent limiting and Foldback current limiting design principles are explained. Rectifier and fitter design for low power applications is also given.


Korea Ancient Gagye in Clothing history has the following meanings with ceremonial, social, and aesthetic aspects, related to symbolism of its formality and procedures, flexibility about social aspects, and clothing beauty. First, Gagye must be worn in formal ceremonies with its clothes. Different Gagye in different time and place means the symbolism of its formality and ceremonies. Gagye played a big role as a means to carry out national ceremonies In diplomatic relationship with China. Second, Korea Ancient Gagye had been worn in every class irrespective of social status. Because it could be worn reflecting personal preferences even in old communities. Additionally Gagye had flexibility to reflect the historical aspects and improved various Gagye types reflecting Buddhism and practical science. So Gagye becomes significant sharing the common value with Korea Clothing culture. Third, Korea Ancient Gagye developed aesthetic spirit concerning beauty of Clothing. In the Age of the Three States, Clothing and Gagye types kept balanced and made good harmony. Gagye had gotten little exaggerated and expanded and become changed into loaded hair type.


Primary school children are instructed in the correct actions for swimming at Nunawading Pool, Fraser Place, Forest Hill, Victoria. [This is one of a series of photographs taken to record life in the City of Nunawading in the 1990s.] (Photo part of City of Whitehorse collection)


Pulmonary arterial hypertension is characterized by pulmonary artery vasospasm,intimal hyperplasia,and remoldeling lesions.Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a progressive disease and has a prognosis of 2.8 years of life,on average,after diagnosis.Early diagnosis and treatment are imperative for improved prognosis.This article reviews recent progress in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension.


Pictorialism, a fine art movement in photography, first emerged in western Europe, and quickly spread to North America, around the turn of the century. The career of Sidney Robert Carter (Toronto 1880-1956 Montreal), a leading proponent of the movement in Canada, provides a window onto the Canadian experience, and furnishes an opportunity for the consideration of the particular nature of cultural transmission, specifically, the notion of the "international" art movement and its reception in colonial cultures. Pictorialists distanced themselves from both commercial photographers and the established camera club circuit, and sought out more prestigious alignments within the larger art milieu. In this thesis Carter's career as a Pictorialist is traced, beginning with his ambivalent relationship with the Toronto Camera Club, proceeding through his election to the Photo-Secession, his attempts to organize a parallel group of photographers in Canada, and culminating in his organization of an international exhibition of pictorial photographs in Montreal in 1907.


We are facing some problems in traditional college English teaching,such as big classes,small amount of information given in class,ineffective teaching,a lack of teachers,etc.Therefore,it should be reformed.This paper emphasizes the advantages of using the multimedia technology in college English teaching,offers some suggestions and points out that the multimedia technology is one of the most important aspects in the teaching reform.


ABSTRACT The nutritional adequacy of adolescent wrestlers' diet during preseason was examined. Twelve male adolescent wrestlers at the competitive level, aged from 14 to 17, participated in this study. Anthropometric measurements included weight, height, waist circumference, and four skinfold measurements (tricep, bicep, subscapular, and suprailiac). A 4-day food diary was also recorded for each athlete, including at least one weekend day. Wrestlers' mean body fat percentage was 20.5%. Nutritional intake consisted of 17.8% protein, 44.9% carbohydrates, 36.9% fats, and 0.4% alcohol. Protein and carbohydrate intake per kilogram of body mass was 1.6 and 4.1 g/kg, respectively. Correlations were found between dietary intake and anthropometric measurements where carbohydrate intake was negatively and fat intake positively correlated with triceps, biceps, and suprailiac skinfold measurements. Wrestlers of this study had higher body-fat values than elite wrestlers and higher-than-recommended fat intake. Protein intake was adequate for this sport; however, carbohydrate intake did not meet the recommended daily values. Two out of the 12 of wrestlers were using dietary supplements, which were protein and electrolyte powders. An educational program about nutrition would be necessary in order to improve body composition and nutritional intake of these athletes.


In flowering plants, euchromatic transposons are transcriptionally silenced by RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM), a small RNA-guided de novo methylation pathway. RdDM requires the activity of the RNA Polymerase (Pol) IV and V, which produce small RNA precursors and non-coding targets of small RNAs, respectively. These polymerases are distinguished from Pol II by multiple plant-specific paralogous subunits. Most RdDM components are present in all land plants, and some have been found in the Charophytic green algae (CGA), a paraphyletic group that is sister to land plants. However, the evolutionary origin of key RdDM components, including the two largest subunits of Pol IV and Pol V, remains unclear. Here we show that multiple lineages of CGA encode a single-copy precursor of the largest subunits of Pol IV and Pol V, resolving the two presumed duplications in this gene family. We further demonstrate the presence of a Pol V-like C-terminal domain, suggesting that the earliest form of RdDM utilized a single Pol V-like polymerase. Finally, we reveal that CGAs encode a single CLSY/DRD1-type chromatin remodeling protein, further supporting the presence of a single specialized polymerase in CGA RdDM.


1. Introduction 2. The origins of piracy from the Bronze Age to Alexander 3. Hellenistic piracy 4. Cilician piracy 5. Pompey and the pirates 6. Pax Romana 7. Piracy in Late Antiquity 8. Conclusions.


associated with the neoliberal paradigm, characterised by increasing levels of state ownership in 'strategic' sectors, the abuse of property rights (with the Khordorkovsky case being one of many), and the exclusion and illtreatment of foreign investors (particularly in the energy sector). If anything, this is indicative of a country that is rejecting neoliberal ideas in many areas, and developing its own form of state capitalism. Overall, this book might appeal as a case study in the application of neo-Gramscian IR/IPE theory, but its treatment of political and economic transformation in Russia is less effective.


Deep sternal wound infections are a rare but severe complication of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery, with an estimated prevalence of 1%–4%. We report a case of osteomyelitis of the rib and chest wall abscess caused by Aspergillus flavus in a CABG patient, which was treated successfully with voriconazole.


The inhibition potentials of products and substrate on the growth ofClostridium butyricum and Klebsiella pneumoniae in the glycerol fermentation are examined from experimental data and with a mathematicalmodel. Whereas the inhibition potential of externally added and self‐produced 1,3‐propanediol is essentially the same, butyric acid produced by the culture is more toxic than that externally added. The same seems to apply for acetic acid. The inhibitory effect of butyric acid is due tothe total concentration instead of its undissociated form. For acetic acid, it cannot be distinguished between the total concentration and the undissociated form


In the history of modern times the parliamentary election was held in China for four times in 1909, 1912, 1917 and 1948 respectively, which resulted from introductions of the parliamentary thought into China. The figures introducing such an idea might be roughly classified into three: governmental officials, missionaries from the West, and distinguished personages. These intellectuals' recognition of Western parliamentary politics went through four stages. From 1840 to 1870 there were only its preliminary introductions, just some knowledge and no inherited ideas. During the period from 1871 to 1895 it was regarded as having a function of rallying minds, involving some values. In the decade of 1895-1904 the theory of civil rights rose, stressing that the parliament was an expression of the people's power. And after 1905 the people required the parliamentary idea to be put into reality.


vii CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Motivation and Problem Statement 1 1.2 Contributions 4 1.3 Thesis Overview 6 CHAPTER 2 : BACKGROUND 8 2.


Because of the continuous burst of emergency events (EEs) recently, emergency decision making (EDM) has become an active research topic due to its crucial role in relieving and reducing various losses and damages (property, lives, environment, etc.) caused by EEs. Current EDM studies based on prospect theory (PT) have considered decision maker's (DM's) psychological behavior, which is very important in the EDM process because it affects DM's decision behavior directly, particularly under the uncertainty decision environment. However, those studies neglected an important fact that different emergency situations should be handled by different measures to show the pertinence and effectiveness of the emergency response in the real world, which has been taken into consideration in EDM studies based on game theory (GT). Different behavior experiments show that DMs usually have limited rationality when involved in risk and an uncertain decision environment, in which their psychological behavior has distinct impacts on their decision choice and behavior. Nevertheless, the existing studies of EDM based on GT build on an assumption that DMs are totally rational; however, it is obvious that such an assumption is unreasonable and far from the real-world situation. Motivated by these limitations pointed out previously, this study proposes a novel EDM method combining GT and PT that considers not only the DM's psychological behavior, but also takes different situations' handling for EEs into account, which is closer to the EDM problems in reality. An example and comparison with other methods are provided to demonstrate the validity and rationality of the proposed method for coping with real-world EDM problems.


Objective:To compare the efficacy of Rituximab with or without chemotherapy and CHOP alone on newly diagnosed patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma(NHL), and to analyze their toxicities.Method:A total of 51 newly diagnosed patients with B-cell NHL were divided into 2 groups prospectively with concurrent control: 24 cases in Rituximab group were administered Rituximab with or without chemotherapy, the remaining 27 cases in CHOP group were treated with CHOP regimen only. All cases were evaluated after 3~6 courses.Result:The complete remission (CR) rate and totol response rate in Rituximab group were 83.3%(20/24) and 95.8%(23/24) respectively, while those corresponding rates in CHOP group were 55.6%(15/27) and 66.7%(18/27), respectively. The therapeutic efficacy differences between two groups showed statistical significance(P0.05). The 2-year overall survival rate was significantly higer in Rituximab group than in CHOP group(70.8% vs. 40.7%, P0.05).Conclusion:Comparing with CHOP group, Rituximab group showed higher therapeutic effects and 2-year overall survival rate. Rituximab can be used with good tolerance.


Microarray detection methods have long been based upon optical methods: visible detection, fluorescence, luminescence, and surface plasmon resonance (1–6). In the case of the visible detection method an enzyme produces a substrate that forms an insoluble precipitate at the spot site, which becomes visible to the naked eye. Surface plasmon resonance also uses visible light, but in this case the energy (and reflected angle) of the light absorption on the metal surface is altered; the researcher finds the absorption minimum using an array detector. This method utilizes more expensive equipment in the process of detecting the material on the chip/slide (4). More sensitive methods such as fluorescence and luminescence have also been employed for the detection of material on the chip/slide surface. The fluorescencebased system requires a laser, so the beam can be rastered over the chip area. Or conversely, the chip can be illuminated with light and then a signal detected with a CCD camera using the appropriate filters (3). Similarly, luminescence detection utilizes a CCD camera after an enzyme (such as alkaline phosphatase) has generated a product that luminesces (1). Both these methods require expensive optics and equipment that may cost $60,000 to $500,000. Moreover, the footprint of the larger and more expensive systems requires a benchtop area on one side of the room. A less expensive, mobile, and more sensitive platform for microarray detection purposes is highly desirable. To this endeavor, many researchers in the field have instituted programs for electrochemical detection on microarrays (6–20). In order to do this, one must have active electrodes on the chip or glass surface. Thus many of the spotted slides out in the marketplace contain surface areas where the spots are not electroactive and do not qualify for electrochemical detection.


We interpret the discriminatory power, r, in the Power Contest Success Function (Tullock, 1980) as the contest designer's accuracy level. We look at the cases where two contestants are heterogeneous in ability and construct an equilibrium set for r > 0. We find that if the contestants are sufficiently different in ability, there always exists an optimal accuracy level for the contest designer. Additionally, as the difference in their abilities increases, the optimal accuracy level decreases.


Children and servants do not enjoy the respect due to members of the circle; they are not/w> voll genommen, "taken for full." Precisely this often helps to further between them and their superiors an informality rare among equals. Indeed, now and then it may confer on them the freedom to commit acts an established person could not afford to commit. In England at least, foreigners are in similar case. Thus, during my first decade there, people otherwise extremely reticent would impart all sorts of confidences to me. Moreover, I got away in those years with a good deal of outrageous behaviour. Two early Rabbinic anecdotes show the sages alive to the ambivalent positions of a son and a slave. One of them dates from around 80 B.C. Honi the Circle-maker, the Mishnah tells us, was asked by the people to pray for a drought to end. So certain was he of success that he replied by advising them to bring their clay passover-ovens under cover lest they be softened. He prayed, and when no rain fell, he stood in a circle and said: "O Lord of the world, your sons have turned their faces to me, for I am like a son of the house before you. I swear by your great name that I will not stir hence until you have pity on your sons." A drizzle came down, and he protested: "Not for such rain have I prayed but for rain that will fill the cisterns, pits and caverns." Now a violent downpour ensued, leaving him equally dissatisfied: "Not for such rain have I prayed but for rain of goodwill, blessing and graciousness." Whereupon it rained in moderation. R. Simeon ben Shetah, head of the Sanhedrin, sent him this message: "Had you not been Honi, I had pronounced a ban against you. But what can I do to you? You importune God and he does your will, like a son who importunes his father and he does his will; and of you Scripture says, 'Let your father and your mother be glad, and let her that bore you rejoice.'" The first question to be asked is: exactly what was Honi's crime? A summary answer is: arrogance towards God. Jose bar Abin, of the fourth century, is quoted in the Palestinian Talmud as remarking that his prayer lacked humility — that is why it was


This paper presents a User Adaptive Application Program Management (UAAM) framework, which supports a self-management rule based on usage state pattern of applications and devices, in the Personal Cloud Computing Service Environment. It provides to adaptively control and manage applications among devices like a smartphone and tablet PC according to usage properties of a user which possesses the devices. Consequentially, it enables for the users to conveniently keep the consistency of application programs among devices with personal rules customized by own usage properties.


in the denomination caused by the impact of Transcendentalism and Evolution upon the earlier rational, supranarural Christianity and the reconciliation effected in 1894 occupies the final pages (454 to 487)—a surprisingly brief coverage of a period in which the numerical and institutional growth and theological changes in Unitarianism have been more dynamic than at any other time in Dr. Wilbur's massive conspectus.


Galvanostatic depositions in rectangular pulses and nitrosol precursors were employed to prepare PtRu nanoparticles on carbon clothes in various sizes and compositions. Variables including current on-time Ton, current off-time Toff, and current density were explored to identify the optimized catalytic performances for methanol electro-oxidation. Electrochemical characterizations including cyclic voltammetry and hydrogen desorption were carried out. Images from a transmission electron microscope on the PtRu nanoparticles revealed a moderate size distribution. Signals from X-ray patterns indicated a slight shift of diffraction peaks, suggesting that the Ru was alloyed successfully in the Pt lattice. In addition, the amount of alloyed Ru was found to decrease with reduced duty cycles. Composition determinations from inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and analysis on the oxidation states from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy suggested a displacement reaction in which the Ru was alternately deposited and dissolved during Ton and Toff, while the Pt was deposited continuously. As a result, we observed substantial enrichment of Pt in the PtRu nanoparticles when the duty cycle was shortened.


Proposed movement-planning strategies from the field of human motor control are examined for possible emulation by robotic systems. There are many hypotheses for human arm-movement planning, often specialized to particular experimental tasks. However, motion planning algorithms for humanoid robots should be as widely applicable as possible, whilst at the same time being computationally simple. A mathematical analysis of current human motor-control strategies is therefore needed, with the aim of simplification and unification of theories. In this paper, such a unification is demonstrated for two movement-planning strategies with quite different underlying principles. To be specific, the predictions of the empirical two-thirds power law will be derived mathematically from a smoothness cost-function approach. Two figural shapes will be analyzed in the context of drawing: the ellipse and the cloverleaf. The power-law exponent predicted from the cost function will be shown to be and in excellent agreement with experimental results. Though these theories are known only to describe a sub-set of possible movements, the method used is illustrative of the approach that will be needed to obtain simple algorithms for the full seven-degrees-of-freedom anthropomorphic arm.


Network coding is a revolutionary technique that can enhance network throughput and protection. This presentation introduces optical physical-layer network coding (OPNC), focusing on "common-channel" OPNC that can fully utilize network resources.


Abstract Industrial revolution is a good indicator of economic development of a country; however, it can be a threat to the flora and fauna if the untreated effluent of an industry is discharged. The present study is aimed to assess the comparative toxicological impacts of treated and untreated industrial effluents on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in Heteropneustes fossilis and Labeo rohita, the most common edible fishes having diverse characters which include differences in morphology, habitat, food and feeding, etc. The physico-chemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), alkalinity, hardness, dissolved oxygen (DO), phosphate, sulphate, nitrate, free ammonia, chloride, zinc, iron, chromium and potassium of both untreated and treated effluent from the fertilizer industry were also analyzed as these parameters were not in range as per ISO guidelines. The LC50 value for untreated effluent was 2.34% (v/v) and 0.80% (v/v) for 96 h in H. fossilis and L. rohita, respectively, while no mortality was recorded in the treated effluent. The AChE activity in both fish species was found to decline in metabolically responsive organs like brain, muscle and gills through exposure to sub-lethal concentrations (1/15th, 1/10th and 1/5th of LC50 value) of the untreated effluent for 96 h. Further studies on biochemical and molecular aspects may reveal the mechanism of their action.


The Yangs' translation of Hongloumeng (A Dream of Red Mansions) has been reprinted several times in China and a condensed version of it is available. Despite the publisher's good intention of providing readers with a text in Chinese-English bilingual form for language study and literary appreciation,the publisher committed serious mistakes in the editorial process. In an effort to correct the misleading and erroneous bilingual form,this essay points out two textual problems in the condensed version. One is the Chinese original was attached to the Yang's translation,and the other is Wenku Version and Condensed Version are contradict themselves.


In the article results of researches of reception of thin-walled castings for explosion-proof engines from high-strength pig-iron without bleaching are stated. The proposed measures will make it possible to significantly reduce the amount of chill and the amount of cementite in the structure of cast iron, increase the plastic properties and will shorten the time of heat treatment.


A condenser method is described for measuring large magnetic fields. It is based on the simultaneous passage through a fluxmeter of a charge equal and opposite to the charge that would flow if a search coil were removed from the field. The field is calculated in terms of a capacity, a voltage, a resistance and an area.