Purpose: This study investigated lower limb variability when trained runners wore a minimal shoe for the first time. It was hypothesised that initial lower limb variability would be decreased in the minimal shoe condition due to lack of familiarity. It was also hypothesised that variability would increase over time as runners become more familiar with the condition. Methods: Testing included three 10 minute treadmill running trials conducted in runner's own running shoes, a pair of minimal shoes followed by runner's own shoes again. The shoe order was selected so as to establish a baseline value of variability in a runner's most familiar shoes followed by a perturbation which was the inclusion of minimal shoes. Continuous Relative Phase (CRP) relationships and kinematic values at heel strike were determined which allowed lower limb variability to be quantified. Results: Kinematic variability values were not statistically different between runner's own shoes and minimal shoes. CRP relationships did not differ between minimal shoes and runner's own shoes or over time. Conclusions: Trained runners did not change lower limb variability while wearing minimal shoes for the first time. Lack of familiarity does not appear to affect lower limb variability. The footwear included in this research study had similar cushioning properties to traditional footwear but with a different construction which may relate to similar values found between conditions. Investigating how runners of different abilities transition to minimal footwear should be focused upon to reduce risk of injury.


Studies were conducted in the I. V. Michurin Federal Scientifi c Center and in its Middle Russian branch. For the fi rst time in the North-Eastern part of the Central black earth region, researches are being conducted to study the microbiota of the soil in the garden of pome crops. The aim of this research was to study the micromycetic composition of the soil in the agrocenosis of a multifactorial experience of an intensive apple orchard. Soil samples were taken in the space between rows and near-stem stripes on the sodding, in the space between rows and near-stem stripes on the fallow land. Experimental conditions: 1) control (natural conditions); 2) optimal moisture (irrigation, soil moisture 80 %); 3) waterlogging (irrigation, soil moisture 120 %). As a result of the conducted research, the dependence of the number of phytopathogenic and saprotrophic populations on the elements of agrotechnology was shown. The maximum number of the population was marked in the near-stem stripes on the fallow land and the minimal number was marked in the near-stem stripes on the sodding. The eff ect of moistening on the number of soil micromycetes was revealed. 80 % moisturized sodded space between rows and near-stem stripes, space between rows on fallow land at a humidity of 120 %, and near-stem stripes with 80 % moisture contained a high number of phytopathogens in relation to natural conditions. The greatest species diversity of the soil mycobiota was observed in the sodded near-stem stripes. A strong correlation was established from reverse close (r = -0.98) to positive close (r = 0.83) in relation to the phytopathogens and saprotrophs in the sodded row spacing; in the soil of the sodded near-stem stripes – from close negative (r = -0.90) to close positive (r = 0.92). It was noted that soil mites did not tolerate the over moistened soil, nematodes, on the contrary, were activated in soils with a humidity of 80 % and 120 % in sodded row spacing. The correlation between nematodes and soil mites in all variants remained strong (r = 0.86-0.97), closer in the control. The number of micromycete organisms in the soil was determined by a modifi ed fl otation method. In the course of research, 1 ml of distilled water was added at one of the stages, instead of a 0.1 % solution of potassium pyrophosphate; on the other, 29 ml of 0.1 % potassium pyrophosphate solution was added instead of 29 ml of distilled water.


IoT leads to the vision of connected world of physical and virtual processes, services and objects which are capable of providing a way on how to link them to internet. IoT is a major part of future internet that mainly integrates and enables numerous communication solutions and technologies and therefore, it is a notable interest to define how standard communication protocols could support the vision of IoT. In this context we present a comparative analysis on networks based on Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) network under various attacks like skin hole, black hole and worm hole.


In this article the theoretical and practical information on the contemporary political communication is presented. The basic agenda applies to the research of mass communication as the source of electoral success.


Carbon isotope (δ13Corg) analyses of non‐marine clastic rocks and neritic carbonates and black shales spanning the Silurian/Devonian transition are compared from two richly fossiliferous sequences in Qujing of East Yunnan and Zoige of Sichuan, South China. The two sections, Xishancun and Putonggou sections in South China, reveal positive δ13Corg shifts happening in the Upper Pridoli and Lower Devonian and reaching peak values as heavy as –25.2%‰ (Xishancun) and –19.9%‰ (Putonggou) in the lowermost Lochkovian following the first occurrence of the thelodont Parathelodus and the conodont Icriodus woschmidti woschmidti (only in Putonggou Section and together with Protathyris‐Lanceomyonia brachiopod fauna). These results replicate a globally known positive shift in δ13Corg from the uppermost Silurian to the lowermost Devonian. The δ13Corg variations across the Silurian/Devonian Boundary (SDB) at the two sections in South China exhibit a shift in carbon isotopic composition similar to the detailed SDB curves from the borehole Klonk‐1 drilled at top of the Klonk Global Standard Stratotype‐Section and Point (GSSP) in the Prague Basin, Czech Republic. In addition, four microvertebrate assemblages, including the Liaojiaoshan, Xishancun, Yanglugou and Xiaputonggou assemblages, are recognized from the Silurian/Devonian transition exposed in the Xishancun and Putonggou sections, respectively. The results from both carbon isotope stratigraphy and microvertebrate assemblage sequences suggest that the SDB in South China is located at the base of the Xishancun Formation (between sample QX‐20 and sample QX‐21) in the Xishancun Section and the lower part of the Xiaputonggou Formation (between sample ZP‐09 and sample ZP‐10) in the Putonggou Section. The isotopic trend for organic carbon together with the changes of microvertebrate remains across the SDB can offer an approach to a potential correlation of the SDB from different sedimentary facies, which help to correlate the marine with non‐marine deposits.


This paper proposes an approach to compute the implied transition matrices from observations of market data on financial derivatives, when the price of the underlying originates from a structural model and the payoffs are received over a period of time. The structural price model involves a price formation mechanism which computes the price based on a set of Markovian inputs and constrained optimization processes. The developed inference method relies on a linear description of the derivative values in terms of occupation measures of the payoff duration. We establish closed-form expressions between occupation measures and state transitions, which then enable us to characterize implied state transition probabilities consistent with the market data on the derivative values. We develop methods to solve the optimization problem with the resulting nonlinear occupation measure equation. Numerical illustrations of the approach are presented for financial derivatives on network capacities. By applying the method to an electric network, we investigate the relation between financial transmission correct contract values and a range of implied probabilities of congestion in the network.


Iharkut is a Late Cretaceous (Santonian) vertebrate-bearing locality in the Bakony Mountains of western Hungary, where productive and continuous paleontological excavations have been carried out in the last twenty years. Field work resulted in a very rich and diverse assemblage of terrestrial and freshwater animals (fishes, amphibians, turtles, lizards, a freshwater mosasaur, pterosaurs, crocodilians, dinosaurs including birds). This abundance and diversity of fossil taxa plays a significant role in the understanding of the evolutionary history of European Late Cretaceous continental vertebrate faunas. Furthermore, due to its palaeogeographic position (in the western Tethyan archipelago) and its Santonian age, the locality fills an important gap in the Late Cretaceous record of continental vertebrates in Europe. The locality is among the geological values of the Bakony-Balaton UNESCO Global Geopark. The uniqueness of the fossils raises this locality into the list of high priority geoheritage sites of the world, which draws the attention of both scientific and non-scientific geopark visitors.


The research question and objectives with respect to architecting methods are defined. The scope is product-family and product level primarily. An hypothesis is formulated, that is based on a multi-view framework allowing many submethods to be used. Criteria for architecting methods are articulated. Distribution This article or presentation is written as part of the Gaudí project. The Gaudí project philosophy is to improve by obtaining frequent feedback. Frequent feedback is pursued by an open creation process. This document is published as intermediate or nearly mature version to get feedback. Further distribution is allowed as long as the document remains complete and unchanged. All Gaudí documents are available at: http://www.gaudisite.nl/ version: 4.5 status: finished May 22, 2010


The thermal decompositions of pyrazine, pyrimidine, and pyridine in shock waves have been investigated using the complementary techniques of laser-schlieren (LS) densitometry and time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry (1600−2300 K, 150−350 Torr). A free radical chain reaction with initiation by ring C−H fission in the pyrolyses of all three azines is proposed. The measured C−H fission rates are compared and analyzed by RRKM theory. Barriers of 103 ± 2 kcal/mol for pyrazine, 98 ± 2 for pyrimidine, and 105 ± 2 for pyridine have been determined, supporting values lower than the barrier for C−H fission in benzene, 112 kcal/mol. The lower barriers for the azines are explained by the additional contributions of resonance structures of azyl radicals due to neighboring N−C interactions, which serve to further stabilize the azyl radicals. Detailed chain mechanisms are constructed to model the LS profiles and the TOF concentration profiles of the major products, hydrogen cyanide, acetylene, cyanoacetylene, and diac...


There are a hollow fiber membrane assembly (14) of a device (10) and a device (10) for the transport of substances between two fractions, in particular for the separation of substances from gaseous or liquid streams, particularly for the separation of fluids, in particular for humidifying or dehumidifying the gas (38), described in particular for a fuel cell assembly. The hollow fiber membrane assembly (14) comprises at least one hollow fiber membrane (20), whose wall partially permeable structures and their ends (18) are fixed to / at least one holding medium (16). Several subsequently flowed through the hollow fiber membrane sections (24) of the at least one hollow fiber membrane (20) extending spatially adjacent.


Networks of competition agencies are now a feature of international competition law enforcement and policy. The nature of these networks varies from little more than occasional talking shops, to knowledge exchange and technical assistance, through to the European competition network which is a highly integrated network of agencies enforcing common rules. One question that emerges from this phenomenon is the transparency and accountability of these networks. To what extent do such networks need to be accountable at all? What degree of transparency is required in their work to ensure such accountability? How does transparency differ as between different networks? What principles are there to determine practice in this field? This paper seeks to explore (if not answer) the above questions looking at the transparency of these elite governance structures and the need for balance between effectiveness and transparency and what the relationship is, should be, and can be between these concerns. In doing so, it brings together literatures on networks (such as Slaughter's seminal work), those on international competition law (e.g. Gerber) and that on transparency of government (notably Heald).


Article that makes an introduction to four texts by Mario Vargas Llosa from the social sciencies and the inevitable comparison with the literature post-indigenist of Jose Maria Arguedas, Linkwise is emphatized that the literally production of these two novelist seen like antipodal of the modern peruvian narrative, actually brought together as two rebellions attitudes before the modernity in that one to mark the aggression to the individual freedom and of other one, the dear of the dissolution of our cultural forms.


The situation of the Russian universities is ambiguous: the remnants of the old system are inert, isolationist and corrupt, but the newer alternatives merely formalize the neoliberal spirit. This situation exacerbates the same contradictions which affect universities worldwide: the opening of academia towards society is instrumentalized by neoliberal forces, while goals expressed in terms of quality or cultural level promote elitism and repression among students. This article suggests that a creative synthesis must be invented in order to escape from the current alternative.


Let (Xt)t≥0 be a real diffusion, we define the α-quantiles by Y t = { inf{x ∈ R/ ∫ t 0 1(Xu≤x)du > α} Y t t = sups∈[0,t ](Xs) , Y 0 t = infs∈[0,t ](Xs) with the convention that inf ∅ = ∞. The main aim of this paper is at first to find the joint distribution of quantiles and its local time at the quantiles point, using in particular Feyman-Kac's formula and the time changed. In the second part, only about the Brownian motion, we compute some different distributions and the dual predictable projection of the end of predictable set related to the quantiles and the Brownian motion. 0. Introduction and notation In the cases of Brownian motion with drift or none, the process with stationary and independent increments and the sums of exchangeable random variables, the study of αquantiles Y t has been undertaken by Akahori J. [1], Yor M. [20], Embrechts P., Rogers L. C. G., Yor M. [12]; Dassios A. [9], Chaumont L. [8]. The following representation for the distribution of the quantiles of a Brownian motion with drift was obtained (in Dassios [9]) Y t (1) = sup(X′ s )s∈[0,α] + inf(X′′ s )s∈[0,t−α] where (X′ s) and (X′′ s ) are independent copies of the Brownian with the same drift. We can find the generalization of this result in [8], [4], or [10]. In 1995, Yor M. [20] found the distribution of the α-quantiles using the Lévy's result and the property of the first hitting time at some level x ∈ R. As the same Dassios A. [9]; Miura R. [17] and Akahori J. [1] used the Feynman-Kac's formula to compute the distribution of α-quantiles Brownian with drift. In this paper, the first part is devoted to the quantile of the diffusion martingale, at first we study the continuity of Y t in α and in (α, t).


The great deal in noncommutative (NC) field theories started when it was noted that NC spaces naturally arise in string theory with a constant background magnetic field in the presence of D-branes. In this work we explore how NC geometry can be introduced into a commutative field theory besides the usual introduction of the Moyal product. We propose a nonperturbative systematic new way to introduce NC geometry into commutative systems, based mainly on the symplectic approach. Further, as example, this formalism describes precisely how to obtain a Lagrangian description for the NC version of some systems reproducing well-known theories.


This paper illustrates a formulation to evaluate the array Green's function (AGF) of large finite planar phased array for observation points on the array plane. The procedure is based on the AGF representation in terms of different terms, namely space wave (SP) and surface wave (SW) contributions. This two terms are calculated by using different approaches. The space wave contribution is obtained through a hybrid numerical/asymptotic algorithm. In fact, the diffraction integral, associated with the finiteness of the actual array, is evaluated numerically for point close to the array edges while an asymptotic treatment is proposed far from the edges and vertexes. This latter comprises higher order contributions. Thanks to this convergence properties, the final algorithm is numerically accurate, stable and more efficient with respect to the individual element summation for large arrays. The procedure can be also applied for array in multilayered environment by resorting to a complex source expansion method. The surface waves contribution can be calculated fully asymptotically, through a suitable uniform saddle point evaluation


To control muscle force, neural activation has to take alterations in muscle mechanics into account. This thesis assesses modulations in excitatory efficacy of Ia-afferents during muscle length cha ...


A Monte Carlo simulation technique developed describes dispersed-phase systems with emphasis on coagulation and aggregation. The method does not use particle trajectories, but is based on the transformation of known collision frequencies into collision probabilities of particle pairs. The particle evolution was computed as a stochastic game, computing the time step after each collision. The simulations were validated by comparing with exact mathematical solutions for aggregation of solid particles and with numerical solutions based on sectional methods for coagulation of droplets. The direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method is advantageous, because the simulation of complex, multidimensional systems results in very elaborate models when using sectional models and is implemented very easily. Two examples of industrial importance are chemical reaction in coagulating droplets and coating of particles with small solid particles.


In this paper, we propose an image reconstruction method utilizing an optimized adaptive interpolation kernel along with a 2D M-channel perfect reconstruction filter bank(M-ch PR-FB) structure. In particular, the proposed approach leads to sharper reconstructed images than a direct conversion, still preserving high frequency components of the original image by employing the subband processing of a 2D M-ch PR-FB. Finally, the image quality improved by the proposed approach is demonstrated by comparing with those of the direct conversion methods using the bicubic and adaptive 2 Newton interpolation kernels. Key-Words: Image reconstruction, M-ch PR-FB, Compactly Supported Sampling Function, Adaptive interpolation, PSO


We wanted to study the ability of our brains and bodies to be augmented by supernumerary robot limbs, here extra fingers. We developed a mechanically highly functional supernumerary robotic 3rd thumb actuator, the SR3T, and interfaced it with human users enabling them to play the piano with 11 fingers. We devised a set of measurement protocols and behavioural "biomarkers", the Human Augmentation Motor Coordination Assessment (HAMCA), which allowed us a priori to predict how well each individual human user could, after training, play the piano with a two-thumbs-hand. To evaluate augmented music playing ability we devised a simple musical score, as well as metrics for assessing the accuracy of playing the score. We evaluated the SR3T (supernumerary robotic 3rd thumb) on 12 human subjects including 6 naïve and 6 experienced piano players. We demonstrated that humans can learn to play the piano with a 6-fingered hand within one hour of training. For each subject we could predict individually, based solely on their HAMCA performance before training, how well they were able to perform with the extra robotic thumb, after training (training end-point performance). Our work demonstrates the feasibility of robotic human augmentation with supernumerary robotic limbs within short time scales. We show how linking the neuroscience of motor learning with dexterous robotics and human-robot interfacing can be used to inform a priori how far individual motor impaired patients or healthy manual workers could benefit from robotic augmentation solutions.


Aims:  The feasibility of the continuous production of a valuable bioplastic raw material, namely 1,3‐propanediol (1,3‐PDO) from biodiesel by‐product glycerol, using immobilized cells was investigated. In addition, the effect of hydraulic retention time (HRT) was also analysed.


The purpose of this article is to study the most common practices of public involvement in the prevention of corruption crimes in foreign countries and the prospects for the implementation of such experience in Ukraine. Methodology. Methodological tools are selected in accordance with the purpose, specifics of the object and subject of research. The comparative legal method was used in the analysis of current legislation and international regulations. To achieve this goal, general scientific and special methods are used, which are tools of scientific research. These are structural-functional and systemic, formal-logical, hermeneutic, anthropological and other methods that have provided an opportunity to study foreign experience of public participation in the prevention of corruption crimes. A special research method used in the article is the method of system analysis. The scientific novelty of the publication is that the experience of public involvement in the prevention of corruption crimes in foreign countries is considered. It has been found that the practice of public participation in anti-corruption measures is quite common in the world's leading countries. These measures include: exposing the activities of ordinary citizens, public discussions, public control, and so on. Conclusions. Consideration of modern foreign practice of public participation in the prevention of corruption provides grounds for possible borrowing of its individual components in order to improve existing forms of interaction between the public and government agencies in Ukraine, as well as the formation of the latest strategy to prevent corruption. The anti-corruption experience of the countries in question seems to be a guideline to which every country, including Ukraine, should strive. Their main advantage is good governance, as public authorities, in exercising their powers, are aware of the importance of their actions for the well-being of society, assess management activities as prestigious and value their reputation. A systematic solution to a number of problems will help build a way to enhance the role and capacity of civil society in preventing corruption in Ukraine.
Keywords: crime prevention; corruption; public; foreign experience.


Every year during the holiday season in theaters around the world, an old woman is pushed into a roaring oven. As she screams in agony, children on stage and in the audience shriek with delight. Not confined to grand opera, this scenario has been played out in countless tellings of "Hansel and Gretel," voted Germany's favorite fairy tale in 1997 (Zipes Happily 38). That most in the audience are not too troubled by the old woman's fate has much to do with the circumstances of her demise, in particular the fact she had been holding the children captive for weeks with the clear aim of killing and eating them. By way of explanation the Grimm Brothers provide an even more damning reason why we should not feel sorry for the woman in the oven: she was, they write, "a wicked witch" (81). While many readers have found much to admire in "Hansel and Gretel," others have found it to be disturbing in the extreme. (1) The tale has recently made its way into the judicial reasoning of the highest court in the land: writing the majority opinion that overturned California's ban on the sale of violent videogames to minors, Antonin Scalia noted that "Hansel and Gretel (children!) kill their captor by baking her in an oven," (Brown 8). Whereas recent cognitive literary theorists have tended to stress the beneficial aspects of fiction, (2) this essay will investigate the possible dark side of "narrative transport," a term coined by Richard Gerrig to describe what happens in the mind when we are swept away by a story. As such highly influential narratives as "Hansel and Gretel" demonstrate, the engendering of prosocial behavior is often conditioned by the narrative construction of radical evil, a process by which the simplifying tendencies inherent in story-telling play a key role in demonizing putatively disruptive groups or types. Techniques typical of narrative transport--stereotypical characters and situations, vivid imagery, suspenseful problem solving--immerse readers of the fairy tale in a world in which prospects of abandonment, treachery, and death are overcome through cooperation, ingenuity, and justified violence to create a parable ripe for nationalist appropriation. The historical relationship between the classic fairy tale and nationalist ideology provides an instructive example of how evolutionary predilections and cultural practices could interact to set the stage for cruelties and horrors unimaginable even by the Brothers Grimm. As Jack Zipes has pointed out, debates over the value and influence of fairy tales have been ongoing since the eighteenth century (Art 138). Since the 1970s, much of this scrutiny has focused on the potentially pernicious influence of degrading gender stereotypes on young minds. Marcia Liebermann writes, If we are concerned about what our children are being taught, we must pay particular attention to those stories that are so beguiling that children think more as they read them "of the diversion than of the lesson"; perhaps literature is suggestive in direct proportion to its ability to divert. (184) (3) Lieberman's linking of the influence of fairy tales to their power to divert is supported by recent theories and findings that argue that the persuasive power of fictional narratives lay precisely in their success in circumventing the critical faculties. "Narrative transport" seems particularly suited to describe the fictional worlds to which many a fairy tale character--and reader--have been regularly conveyed. Gerrig writes, Someone ("the traveler") is transported, by some means of transportation, as a result of performing certain actions. The traveler goes some distance from his or her world of origin, which makes some aspects of the world of origin inaccessible. The traveler returns to the world of origin, somewhat changed by the journey (10-11) Prior to Gerrig, Victor Nell analyzed at length the phenomenon of being "lost in a book," comparing the extreme of this experience to trance; "Attention holds me, but trance fills me, to varying degrees, with the wonder and flavor of alternative worlds" (Lost 77). …


Time series of input-output (IO) accounts at current and constant prices are widely applied to study the dynamics and structure of economic activity in many countries. For these purposes, IO accounts have to adhere to a uniform nomenclature of products and economic activities in accordance with international standards. After 2004, there was a break in the annual construction of Russian IO accounts. This break was due to the transition of national statistics to the OKVED (All-Russian Classifier of Activities) and the OKPD (All-Russian Classifier of Products by Activity) classifications that are harmonized with the CPA and NACE rev. 1. Construction of benchmark IO accounts based on the new classifications for 2011 will be completed at the end of 2015. We have the opportunity to reconstruct a time series of comparable IO accounts based on the new classifications as a result of the development of national accounts, improvements in information, accumulation of methodological developments and experience in formulating expert assessments of IO Accounts. Work on the reconstruction of the time series of IO accounts has been underway at the National Research University Higher School of Economics (NRU HSE) since 2010. The starting point selected for this analysis and the last year for which there is required information for this procedure is 2003. Our methodology is based on the international System of National Accounting (SNA) including IO accounts, as well as mathematical modeling of inter-industry research. As part of the work for 2010-2013, we developed a methodology to transform the IO accounts for 2003 from the Soviet classifications into the new classifications. We also construct the use table of domestic goods and services at basic prices, the use table of imports at basic prices, the table of transport margins, the table of trade margins, and the table of net taxes on products. In addition, we calculate the use table at purchasers' prices on the NACE rev.1/OKPD basis as the sum of all listed tables. When constructing these IO accounts, we identified a lack of numerical values for the correspondence tables and a lack of agreement between the national account totals and the column and row totals of the transformed IO accounts for 2003. An iterative method of reconstructing the IO accounts from Soviet classifications to the OKVED and OKPD classifications has been developed and applied. To date, we have developed an algorithm for constructing time series of IO accounts based on the new classifications for 2004 and subsequent years based on the transformed IO accounts for 2003. A time series of IO accounts (consisting of the tables listed above) at current prices, as well as a use table of goods and services at basic prices and previous years' prices, has been developed. This research provides the basis for the refinement of the methodology for constructing IO accounts, and the retrospective restatement of these time series to allow more detailed nomenclature of economic activities and types of goods and services after the official publication of the benchmark IO accounts for 2011. 1 Higher School of Economics (Moscow, Russia). "Development Centre" Institute. E-mail: email@example.com. 2 Higher School of Economics (Moscow, Russia). Subdepartment of Economic Theory. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com. 3 Higher School of Economics (Moscow, Russia). Department of Mathematics. Subdepartment of Higher Mathematics. E-mail: email@example.com. 4 Higher School of Economics (Moscow, Russia). Laboratory for Inflation Problems and Economic Growth Research. E-mail: email@example.com.


Turbulence measurements are reported for the flow beneath an air/water interface undergoing evaporative convection. Measurements were obtained using a two component laser Doppler velocimeter system. Two hydrodynamic boundary conditions were considered for the free surface: a shear free surface, which is the case when surfactants are absent, and a constant elasticity surface, created by depositing a monolayer of oleyl alcohol. The shear free boundary condition case results in significantly higher levels of near surface turbulence than the constant elasticity case. This difference between the two cases decreases with distance from the free surface. Profiles of the turbulent fluctuations were obtained for the horizontal and vertical velocity components and are compared with the somewhat analogous case of a heated solid wall.


Introduction: Self-reported physical fitness (PF) provides an accurate measure of PF, specifically for young people. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) is one of the most used psychosocial measurement methods. The main arguments in favor of VAS are its ease of use and comprehension, particularly for less educated participants. There are some scales that assess self-perception of PF, but the VAS presented in this study covers a higher range of responses and a number of variables than other already validated measures. Aims: The aim was to determine the concurrent validity of the Visual Analogue Fitness Perception Scale for Adolescents (FP VAS A) (Sub-study 1) and check its reliability (Sub-study 2). Methods: Anthropometric and body composition measurements were performed, as well as PF tests (manual dynamometry, Course Navette, 4 × 10 m, and sit and reach). The International Fitness Scale (IFIS) and FP VAS A were used to assess self-reported PF. Results: Two sub-studies were carried out: in sub-study 1 a total of 67 students (26 males and 41 females aged 12–16 years) participated. The results showed a significant direct correlation between the level of PF and self-perception of PF (IFIS and FP VAS A), with the FP VAS A obtaining a higher correlation with PF (r = 0.444 to 0.666) than the IFIS and PF (r = 0.154 to 0.557). In sub-study 2 (test–retest of the FP VAS A), a total of 217 students (120 males and 97 females aged 12–17 years) participated. It showed a moderate reliability for all items; the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was between 0.800 and 0.870, and kappa values ranged from 0.622 (endurance) to 0.458 (flexibility). In addition, Cronbach's α for the total was 0.860. Conclusion: This study showed good validity and reliability for the FP VAS A in adolescents.


To limit the incidence of relapse, cancer treatments must not promote the emergence of drug resistance in tumour and cancer stem cells.


The main objective of the present work was to investigate the effect of tool rotational speed on the mechanical and microstructural properties of aluminum based metal matrix composites (AA 6061 alloy reinforced with 15% of Al2O3 particles). The welds were produced by varying the rotational speed from 630 to 1250 r/min while the chosen welding speed was 80 mm/min for analysis. It was found from the analysis of the microstructure that the changing of the rotational speed leads to variation of the grain size and also the fragmentation and improvement of Al2O3 particles distribution in nugget zone. Moreover, the obtained results clearly depicted that increasing rotational speed from 630 to 1250 r/min resulted in improvement of the wear resistance and also decreases the fluctuations of friction coefficient which can be attributed to the presence of Al2O3 particles which acted as barriers and restricted the grain growth in nugget zone. The lowest wear rate was achieved at welds produced at rotational speed of 1250 r/min. It was seen from the hardness results that the highest tensile strength value was obtained for 1250 r/min rotational speed with an average value of about 320 MPa (equivalent to 82% that of the base metal).


It was found that the locust escaped in the field experiment mainly from the both sides of suction head,so the suction trap rate of pneumatic grassland locust suction trap machine closely related with the flow field of suction head.At the horizontal level of suction mouth,the flow field distributed on both sides of the suction head could be more directly observed.Making use of RNG turbulent model of CFD software to numerical simulation and combining the experiment data,this study aimed to analyze the velocity distributing rule of flow field in order to find the best way in resolving locust escaping problem and show the reliabilities of the turbulent model and numerical simulation method.


The need for new antibacterial agents is a pressing, unmet medical need, but success has been limited, resulting in decreased business interest. Part of the problem is the lack of clarity regarding what would make a new-generation 'blockbuster' antibacterial and how this agent could be designed. To this end, the authors outline a few ideas regarding the changes in approach in order to accomplish these needs, including a fundamental change in the drug discovery process.


We developed a novel method of fabricating polymer film on a substrate at atmospheric pressure using atmospheric-pressure plasma polymerization (APPP) with a laboratory-made torch-type APPP apparatus. We used allylamine and acrylic acid as model monomers to optimize the polymerization conditions and evaluate the fabricated films. The APPP films were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, contact angle measurement, atomic force microscopy (AFM), ellipsometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), deposition rate determination, and persistence measurement. Results showed that the properties of the APPP allylamine and acrylic acid films can be controlled by adjusting the polymerization parameter of ultrahighfrequency power.


Before his legal career, Tom attended Rice University (where he met the love of his life, Christianne Mays) and Yale Law School. Tom excelled in all matters from academics to theatre to volleyball to just hanging with friends, a passion that continued his entire life. From 1985 to 1991, Tom served as an Assistant United States Attorney in Los Angeles and handled cases ranging from air piracy to narcotics prosecutions. As Chief of the Financial Investigations unit, Tom prosecuted a massive police corruption case that reformed the LA Sheriff"s Department.


This study aims to map and analyze the morphological structure in the process of verb inflection of imperative forms in Archaic Portuguese (AP) in the Cantigas de Santa Maria (CSM). The methodology consists in mapping the imperative verb forms in the CSM. We have also used glossaries and vocabularies as a support in categorization of verb forms. After data is collected, the morphological structure of the imperative verb forms found are analyzed in comparison with the morphological structure of the simple present and Subjunctive mapped in the corpus, in order to explain if criteria such as order, presence or absence of the subject and contexts related to speech acts (order or request), can be used to consider whether a form is imperative or not. One hundred eighty-nine imperative verb forms conjugated in the second-person plural and second-person singular were collected and at the end of the analysis of the data we verified the high productivity of the suppression of the thematic vowel at an early stage of the language. We can prove that the imperative form preserved its morphological structure in the AP, since the variation indices start to emerge only in mid-eighteenth century, when there are the first manifestations of the process which replaces tu by voce in treatment relations. We have also discussed, from a diachronic perspective, by the factors of linguistic and social nature that interfered and continue to interfere in the process of change in pronoun forms of address in BP and how this phenomenon is associated with the probable loss of the morphology of the imperative form. Thus, this thesis aims to contribute to the history of the Portuguese language.


Climate change is now recognized by many as one of the most challenging and complex problems facing humanity. The problem is real, the stakes are high, and the the impediments to dealing with climate change are enormous. There is no single ―solution‖ to climate change, and no measure will be met with the instant gratification that is often expected by people in modern, high-energy consumption societies. We are already committed to changes based on past emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, and it is the future that is being decided (Parry et al. 2008b). Actions taken over the next decade will have an enormous influence on the rate and magnitude of climate change that will take place over the next centuries, and both adaptation and mitigation are seen as necessary responses (Parry et al. 2008a; Schellnhuber 2008).


For large scale power quality surveys, the management of the large amount of data generated is a major issue. This paper presents solutions to three main areas of data management, viz. a data interchange format, database design and data processing. Consideration of these issues has come about as a result of the Long Term National Power Quality Survey currently being conducted by the University of Wollongong, and reference is made to that specific application for illustrative purposes.


The paper focuses on the problem of the artistic and creative education, aimed at the personal and intellectual development of pupils. Creative artistic education forms the conditions for pupils' self-expression basing on their creative artistic activities. The paper presents forms of in-class and after-class work directed at forming their value orientations, ability to interact and develop an active social position due to widening artistic sphere of a personality.


Each title in this series is graded by level, which provide students with a guided and manageable reading experience. Audio recordings, free teacher's materials and activities accompany the reader giving support students need to develop their language skills.


Ultrasonic field was applied to prepare 7050 aluminum alloy semi-casting aluminum alloy ingot,the microstructure of the ingots were observed by Leica optical microscopy and the effect mechanism of ultrasonic field on hot tearing forming was analysed by combining the RDG hot tearing criterion and solidification shrinkage theory. The result show that a crack was found in the center of the ingot without ultrasonic field and no crack was found in the ingot with ultrasonic field.The microstructure of ingot with ultrasonic field was homogeneous,the grain size was obviously refined and the microstructure was changed into equiaxed grains from dendritic crystals without ultrasonic field.The ultrasonic field could effectively depress hot tear forming.


Article is devoted to innovative egresses of people from the burning building. Four groups of egresses are considered: nezadymlyaemy ladders, stationary fire-escapes, sliding fire-escapes, egresses by means of ropes, cables, ropes and special trigger devices, hopping saving means, an individual survival equipment. The pneumatic vehicle of evacuation of people from the burning building by linear moving to a safe zone is considered.


To examine if sibling absence is associated with higher BMI and to identify potential lifestyle factors underlying this effect; to determine if sibling effects on BMI persist into adulthood.


The present invention discloses a preparation method of imidafenacin. 4-chloro-2,2-diphenylbutaneamide and 2-methylimidazole as starting material, the reaction in the presence of a base, and finally recrystallized from ethyl acetate. The method of mild reaction conditions and high yields, and easy purification, suitable for industrial production.


increasing the amount of energy in the feed by increasing the level of palm oil, significantly improved the average daily gain (P<0.05) of the lambs but the body composition was not significantly different. The empty body weight at slaughter was higher for Diet C suggesting that energy supply may not be sufficient to promote maximum growth in Diet A. This could indicate the energy level in the diets was adequate to deposit the necessary fat in the carcass while the excess fat may be deployed to the non carcass parts as storage fat as indicated by the tendency for animals on high level of palm oil supplementation to have lower the dressing percentage.


The invention discloses a ultra-fine high-nitrogen tantalum nitride powder and its preparation method, wherein the tantalum nitride powder comprises 6.8-7.40% of nitrogen, total content of foreign substance <0.0090%, and balancing tantalum. The preparing process comprises loading low oxygen content (<=0.4%) tantalum powder into common vacuum reactor, evacuating till pressure <=0.1Pa, elevating temperature to 400-750 deg. C, keeping constant temperature, filling in nitrogen, elevating temperature to 700-1200 deg. C, and keeping constant temperature again under the nitrogen pressure of 0.02-0.16MPa.


Shoots and roots growth, leaf relative water content, stability of leaf membranes, chlorophyll (Chl) content, soluble sugars (SS) and total free amino acids (TAA) in Phaseolus vulgaris plants were measured at combinations of four aluminum (Al) concentrations (200, 400, 600 and 800 µM), four calcium (Ca) concentrations (300, 600, 900 and 1200 µM) and at three constant root temperatures 15, 25 and 35 o C. In general, growth of shoots and roots, whether stressed or not with Al, was lower at 15 ° C and 35 o C than that at 25 o C. Stability of leaf membranes (measured as injury percentage) to dehydration stress (40% polyethylene glycol, PEG) declined increasingly with temperature elevation. A reversed trend was true for membrane stability to heat stress (51 o C). Elevation of root temperature was associated with an increase in the accumulation of TAA. Soluble sugars content was higher at 15 and 35 o C than optimal 25 o C. Al treatment resulted in a significant decrease in shoot and root growth, Chl. content, leaf RWC and SS accumulation and increase TAA and higher membrane injury by drought (PEG 40%) and heat stresses. The strong effect appeared at temperature 35 o C in comparison to low and moderate temperatures. Supplementary Ca partially alleviated or even reversed the deleterious effects of Al through enhancing the accumulation of SS and TAA. Calcium also reduced membrane damage caused by either heat or drought stress in Al-treated plants. The effect of Ca was most pronounced at low and high temperatures. The results of this study indicate that the ability of Ca to counteract the harmful effects of Al was temperature dependent and its interaction with Al could modify or reverse its effect (e.g. SS and shoot and root lengths at 35 o C).


Image captioning is one of the most challenging tasks in AI because it requires an understanding of both complex visuals and natural language. Because image captioning is essentially a sequential prediction task, recent advances in image captioning have used reinforcement learning (RL) to better explore the dynamics of word-by-word generation. However, the existing RL-based image captioning methods rely primarily on a single policy network and reward function—an approach that is not well matched to the multi-level (word and sentence) and multi-modal (vision and language) nature of the task. To solve this problem, we propose a novel multi-level policy and reward RL framework for image captioning that can be easily integrated with RNN-based captioning models, language metrics, or visual-semantic functions for optimization. Specifically, the proposed framework includes two modules: 1) a multi-level policy network that jointly updates the word- and sentence-level policies for word generation; and 2) a multi-level reward function that collaboratively leverages both a vision-language reward and a language-language reward to guide the policy. Furthermore, we propose a guidance term to bridge the policy and the reward for RL optimization. The extensive experiments on the MSCOCO and Flickr30k datasets and the analyses show that the proposed framework achieves competitive performances on a variety of evaluation metrics. In addition, we conduct ablation studies on multiple variants of the proposed framework and explore several representative image captioning models and metrics for the word-level policy network and the language-language reward function to evaluate the generalization ability of the proposed framework.


Coded caching can significantly reduce the communication bandwidth requirement for satisfying users' demands by utilizing the multicasting gain among multiple users. Most existing works assume that the users follow the prescriptions for content placement made by the system. However, users may prefer to decide what files to cache. In order to address this issue, we study a caching system where the content placement phase has been already carried out by the users arbitrarily. More specifically, we consider a network consisting of a file server connected through a shared link to $K$ users, each equipped with a cache. Given an arbitrary content placement, the goal is to find a coded multicast strategy for the server that minimizes the load of the shared link. We first formulate the optimal coded multicast design problem as a combinatorial optimization problem. Using a connection with the weighted set cover problem, we propose an approximation algorithm and show that it provides an approximation ratio of $(1 + \log K)$, while the approximation ratio for existing coded delivery schemes is linear in $K$. Numerical simulations show that our proposed algorithm provides a considerable bandwidth reduction over existing coded delivery schemes for almost all content placement schemes.


During December 1993, the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) injected a mixture of deuterium and tritium in the TFTR vacuum vessel for the purpose of creating D-T plasmas. The tritium used in these D-T plasmas was stored, delivered and processed in the TFTR tritium facility that includes the tritium vault, waste handling area, clean-up area, and gas holding tank room. During this time period, several components in the tritium process system were found to have tritium leaks which led to tritium deposition on process skids, components and floor area. Radiological surveys of surfaces contaminated with tritium oxide indicate a decrease in surface contamination in time (on the order of 12 to 36 hours) as the result of room ventilation. In instances where the facility HVAC system was maintained in the purge mode, a dramatic decrease in surface contamination was observed. Areas contaminated with tritium oxide (> 16.6 Bq/100 cm{sup 2}) were found to be clean (< 16.6 Bq/100 cm{sub 2}) after several hours of continuous purging by the facility HVAC system. In instances where relative humidity was not decreased, the tritium surface contamination was found to be attenuated. During the months of December 1993, January and February 1994 tritium leakingmore » components were either replaced, redesigned or repaired. During this time period, data were collected in the form of contamination surveys, real time tritium monitor output, and HVAC configuration indicating the correlation of purge ventilation leading to a decrease in tritium oxide surface contamination.« less


Based on 2011 Chinese Journal Citation Reports(CJCRE),and in the light of the comprehensive evaluation problem of core art-journals about the music and drama,this paper chooses eight indexes such as the total cites,the impact factor,the non-self cited rate,the current-year index,the H-index,subjects impacting indicator and the rate of?funded?papers,etc.,and by using the principal component analysis and the gray entropy evaluation model respectively,introduces a new concept of rating value,conducts the organic integration of the results of journal quality evaluation under the two models,and analyzes the academic influence and development tendency of the two kinds of core art-journals in order to make the final comprehensive evaluation results to be more in line with the objective reality.


Background and Aim: Autogenous bone grafts are commonly used for the reconstruction of bone defects in surgical procedures. The complication of preparing bone grafts and their application are important factors that have encouraged investigators to use human bone matrix gelatin human (BMG) which is one of the most popular graft materials. Because of the worldwide need for reconstruction of bone defects and its difficulty the aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects of BMG and auto graft on the reconstruction of bone defects in parietal bone of rats. Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, data was collected through microscopic observations. Human BMG produced using human Humorous bone based on Urist technical method. 12 healthy male Sprague dawley rats randomly assigned into 4 groups (3 rats in each group) and sacrificed in 7, 14, 24 and 60 th days after surgery. Two defects were made in the left and right sides of parietal bone of all rats. Human BMG placed randomly in one side and auto graft in the other side and then all specimens in each group were assessed and compared histologically to each other. Assessments included amount, rate and type of bone formation, inflammation signs, fibrous tissue and cartilage formation to analyze the histologic findings, Wilcoxon-single rank test was used. Results: The results showed a reduction of inflammation and also increase in new bone formation in both groups during 7, 14, 24 and 60th day after surgery. Bone formation percentage in human BMG cases in 24th day was more than autograft. There was no significant difference between two groups in 60th day. Conclusion: The findings suggested that although human BMG has the same effects as autograft, the rate of reconstruction with human BMG is more.


This paper presents the design and the validation of a continuous-time 2nd-order analog filter with 40 MHz -3 dB cut-off frequency. The circuit synthesizes a pair of conjugated complex poles by leveraging the inductive behaviour of the source node of the folded branch of a differential amplifier. This circuital technique dominates noise power and harmonic distortion by a simple input MOS transistor pair of a differential stage, resulting in 7-nV/√Hz in-band Input Referred Noise power spectral density and 69 dB output Dynamic Range. Moreover, this solution enables the introduction of gain in the filter, relaxing gain, power, and bandwidth requirements of the following stages in cascade structure. A filter prototype is realized in 28 nm CMOS, consuming 309 µW from 1.1 V and performing -6 dBm in-band Input IP3 at 20 dB passband gain.


Although literature on community health nursing identifies a nursing role at the community level, there is a lack of clarity about the elements and expected outcomes of this role. In this paper three models of community health practice are presented and discussed in terms of their effectiveness as a basis for nursing practice at the community level. These models are (1) the public health model, (2) community participation model, and (3) community change model. Factors that affect the effectiveness of nursing to work at the community level are also discussed and questions for reflection and debate raised.


Electron cyclotron resonance reactive ion etching (ECR-RIE) conditions for GaN using CH4/H2/Ar are investigated. GaN can be etched even with continuous etching using CH4/H2/Ar when Ar gas of a higher flow rate is introduced, but only rough etched surfaces are obtained. A cyclic injection method using CH4/H2/Ar etching gas and O2 ashing with constant Ar flow is introduced for GaN etching for the first time, and a rather high etch rate and very smooth etched surfaces are successfully obtained. The cyclic injection of CH4/H2 and O2 prevents deposition of carbon polymers by oxygen plasma, and constant Ar flow removes the surface oxidized layer formed during the O2 ashing by Ar+ ion etching. Under the optimized etching condition, an etch rate of 34 nm/min and a good morphology of etched surfaces (rms of less than 1.0 nm) are obtained.


The resident housing gurantee policy has changed into the low-icome family from the middle and low income families in China.With the three-stage changes of the resident housing guarantee from the economic house into the cheap rent house.Under the double standards of the low-income family,the continueous co-ordination for the housing guarantee of the low-cost house and cheap-rent house is continueously adjusting and optimizing.However,at present the number of house gurantee residents is not enough and the structure is unreasonable.It is to conduct the study of the theoretic research further for the guidance to the housing guarantee work.


Transient (electron) and total (gamma) ionizing radiation effects on dielectrically isolated junction field effect transistors (DIJFET's) are presented as a function of dielectric isolation configuration, dose, dose rate, and bias. Four different device structures of DIJFET's are studied. The three device types incorporating p+ buried layers to separate the SiO2 dielectric from the active n-type channel region are shown to be relatively immune to permanent effects induced by ionizing radiation up to total doses of 108 rads (Si), whereas the device structure utilizing dielectric isolation by simply replacing the substrate junction with a silicon dioxide dielectric showed serious degradation above 105 rads (Si). The DIJFET structures utilizing p+ buried layers are characterized in a transient ionizing radiation environment up to 6×109 rads (Si)/sec and in a total ionizing environment up to 108 rads (Si). The transient photocurrent response of the DIJFET was experimentally determined to be one-fourth that of a regular JFET with the same surface geometry.


The traditional casting technology and new technology of aluminum alloy cylinder head for automobile engine were introduced. The advantages disadvantages, the application and prospect of several common casting process were summarized. Causes of common defects(pores, leakage and inclusions of in the hole) of aluminum alloy cylinder head in casting were systematically analyzed. And the corresponding control measures were presented.


Formation of iron oxide powders by spray-pyrolysis technique from the ethanol solution of several Fe salts, mainly of nitrates, was investigated to elucidate the effects of reaction conditions on the properties of products. The reaction was carried out by spraying . the solution into a reactor heated by an electric furnace.α-Fe2O3 powders obtained from Fe nitrate at 600°-1200°C became finer and less porous withincreasing reaction temperature. The particles were finer than 1μ at 1200°C. By changing the solution to air ratio, one can obtain the iron oxide powders which are composed mainly of α-Fe2O3, γ-Fe2O3, and Fe2O4 or FeO. The kind of iron salt gave a considerable effect on the shape and size of iron oxide particles produced: The oxalate and lactate gave hollow particles of α-Fe2O3.


Abstract : The antibody responses of chickens to killed or viable Pasteurella tularensis were determined. Three preparations were employed: viable organisms of the live vaccine strain LVS, viable cells of strain SCHU S4 (highly virulent for most laboratory animals but not for chickens), or killed strain SCHU S4. Primary responses were initiated by the intravenous administration of 10 to the ninth power live or killed organisms. Secondary responses were induced by revaccination of each animal with the same preparation 28 days after the vaccine was first administered. Antibody was measured by bacterial agglutination, passive hemagglutination, and agar-gel precipitin techniques. All three methods provided data indicating that the viable SCHU S4 vaccine was superior to either the viable LVS vaccine or the killed SCHU S4 preparation. During the primary response highest levels of antibody were observed on the 12th day following vaccination; titers declined rapidly thereafter. Revaccination induced an anamnestic response only when viable LVS or killed SCHU S 4 vaccines were employed. In no case did the secondary response to any of the three vaccines exceed appreciably the primary response to the viable SCHU S4 vaccine.


This letter introduces a deep learning (DL) framework for direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation. Previous works in DL context mostly consider a single or two target scenario which results a strong limitation in practice. Hence, in this work, we propose a DL framework for multiple signal classification (DeepMUSIC). We design multiple deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs), each of which is dedicated to a subregion of the angular spectrum. Each CNN is fed with the array covariance matrix and yields the MUSIC spectra at the output. We have shown, though simulations, that the proposed DeepMUSIC framework has superior estimation accuracy and exhibits less computational complexity in comparison with both DL and non-DL based techniques.


The Merriam-Webster dictionary provides the colloquial definition for the word 'simple' as 'readily understood or performed', and offers antonyms including 'difficult', 'hard', 'complex' and 'complicated' [1]. Interestingly, translation of this terminology into the medical literature has deviated far from this published English definition. Further complicating this conundrum is the lack of uniformity even within the urological and medical community. This is no more evident than when considering the terminology and definitions for simple and radical nephrectomy.


A crossed‐beam apparatus for the study of ion‐molecule reactions is described. The device can provide information on the velocity and angular spectra of reaction products as well as on the angular displacement between reactant and product ions. It can thus yield data sufficient to provide a detailed characterization of the dynamics of the system studied. Furthermore, the mass selected ion beam is variable in energy from 100 eV down to the critical low energy region of about 1 eV or less. Although the apparatus thus seems to have broader capabilities than previously described beam devices, it is quite small and comparatively inexpensive.


Paraoxonase, an enzyme associated with high density lipoproteins (HDL), plays an important role in the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties exerted by HDL. Increasing evidence supports a role of free radicals and oxidative stress in the inflammatory processes and in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). The aim of this study was to further investigate the relationship between oxidative damage and MS; therefore we compared the paraoxonase activity and levels of cholesteryl ester hydroperoxides (CE-OOH), as marker of lipid peroxidation, in plasma isolated from healthy subjects (n=89) and from MS patients (n=24) in the early stage disability (EDSSB<3.5). Our results demonstrated for the first time that the activity of paraoxonase in the plasma of MS subjects was significantly lower with respect to controls (p<0.001). Moreover, our results showed a significant increase in the levels of CE-OOH in plasma from MS subjects (p<0.001). CE-OOH are biologically active substances derived from the oxidation of cholesteryl ester localized in the hydrophobic core of plasma lipoproteins (HDL, LDL). Therefore, our study demonstrates alterations of lipoprotein peroxidation in MS and provides further evidence that oxidative stress and impairment of the anti-oxidant system may play a role in MS.


In this paper, we consider networked estimation where asymptotic consensus is replaced with only one fusion iteration between every two successive steps of system dynamics. With this restriction on the fusion, we show that the topology of the communication network plays a key role in the observability (and the error stability) of the estimator. For arbitrary system matrices, algebraic design of the communication topology is challenged with (i) large-scale computation, and (ii) particular fusion rules. To avoid these, structured systems theory and the notion of generic observability are implemented, which are computationally tractable and do not rely on exact fusion rules. We show the stability under weak network connectivity as compared to strong connectivity in the literature. In particular, we do not constrain the system matrix to be generically full rank compared to earlier works and show that for system matrices with rank deficiency (in the generic sense), implementing only state-estimate fusion does not recover the networked observability; thus, output fusion is required.


The effect of single event transient (SET) on reliability has become a significant concern for digital circuits. This paper proposed an algorithm for evaluating the reliability for SET on digital circuits, based on signal probability, universal generating function technique, and generalized reliability block diagrams. The algorithm provides an expression for the reliability of SET under consideration for the effects of logic masking, error attenuation of gates, and crosstalk effects among interconnect wires. We perform simulations of ISCAS85 circuits. The results indicate that the proposed algorithm can effectively evaluate the reliability for SET on circuits. The error attenuation of gates can increase the reliability by more than 41.6%, and the masking and crosstalk effects will improve the reliability by more than 43%.


Observational radiation flux data(including solar radiation,reflected radiation from sea surface,atmospheric radiation and long-waved radiation from the sea) at sea surface of XiSha sea area of the South China Sea from May to June 2000 and some regular data such as the quantity of clouds,surface sea temperature,atmospheric temperature,water vapor and so on are studied and analyzed in this article.We find out that there is some relationships between the radiation flux data and regular data.Making use of these relations,we establish the empirical formulae which are appropriate to calculate solar radiation,atmospheric radiation,long-waved radiation from the sea and albedo from sea surface in XiSha sea area of the South China Sea.The results show that error margins calculated by the formulae mentioned above decrease compared with the ones calculated by common formulae.There is a relatively better consistency between the observation and the results calculated by our formulae.


Proteinuria in diabetic nephropathy has been correlated with reduction in heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) content of the glomerular basement membrane. We have previously shown that the underlying mechanism probably involves reduction in the synthesis by glomerular epithelial cells. In this study we explored whether high glucose medium regulates basement membrane HSPG gene expression. Northern analysis demonstrated that rat glomerular epithelial cells in vitro constitutively express mRNA for basement membrane HSPG, similar to that observed in rat kidney glomerulus. RNase protection assay showed that incubation of glomerular epithelial cells with 30 mM glucose for 24 h and 7 days resulted in reduction in HSPG mRNA abundance. The decrease in mRNA abundance correlated with reduction in the synthesis of 35 SO4‐labeled basement membrane HSPG as measured by immunoprecipitation. Reduction in synthesis of HSPG could not be entirely accounted for by decrease in mRNA abundance, suggesting both transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms may be involved in reduction of glomerular basement membrane HSPG synthesis by glomerular epithelial cells in diabetic nephropathy. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Nuclear governmentality is offered as a conceptual contribution to research on energy politics, security studies, and nuclearity. Nuclear governmentality is conceived as a logic of government in the Foucauldian sense, that describes contiguities in conduct and symbolic representations found across disparate dispositifs, especially (albeit not exclusively) those strategically aimed at eliciting and exploiting atomic forces in medicine, industry, and war. This project demonstrates the logic and technologies of power specific to nuclear governmentality in post-Fukushima Daiichi energy commitments, evacuation policies, risk assessments, and health surveillance programs. Nuclear governmentality is at once modern in its adaptation of regimes of risk management and anachronistic in its prioritization of sovereign decisionality in their developments and deployments, especially evident in the legal principle of the minimum standard and the instrument of the permissible dose.


We demonstrate an inexpensive programmable color LED array illuminator with 0.98 numerical aperture (NA), coupled with an auto-calibration procedure, to enable a simple and efficient setup for high-angle Fourier Ptychography in a commercial microscope.


Background: The participation of signaling pathways involving the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in regulating the inflammatory response characterized by the release of cytokines is not well established in the alveolar epithelium. We have previously examined the effect of MAPK p38 blockade on the in vitro release of TNF-α, indicating the likely involvement of other pro-inflammatory cytokines. Methods: This study investigated the selective inhibition of MAPK p38 in modulating the release of interleukin-related inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β and IL-6. LPS-mediated release of cytokines is closely associated with the blockade of MAPK by the compound SB203580, an irreversible and selective inhibitor of MAPK p38 , independent of MAPK ERK (p42/p44) and MAPK JNK . Results: Pre-treatment with ascending concentrations of SB203580 (0.1 – 100 μM) prior to LPS administration downregulated/attenuated the release of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in a dose-dependent and dose-independent manners. Furthermore, unraveling the immune molecular pathways likely involved with MAPK p38 -mediated secretion of cytokines revealed that SB203580 increased IκB-α phosphorylation, where IκB-α is considered the main cytosolic inhibitor of the transcription factor involved with regulating the processes of cellular inflammation, NF-κB. This upregulation of the phosphorylation status of IκB-α was accompanied by downregulating the cytosolic accumulation of the non-phosphorylated form of IκB-α, indicating normal nuclear translocation of the associated transcription factor. Conclusions: These results show that MAPK p38 is required, at least in part, for the release of inflammatory cytokines induced by LPS, a mechanism that is independent of the phosphorylation of IκB-α. In addition, the MAPK p38 -dependent release of cytokines seemingly does not require the activation of the NF-κB pathway.


The authors tested the pharmacokinetic interaction between benzodiazepines and nortriptyline in five patients. Each patient was tested during periods of treatment with neuroleptics, diazepam, and chlordiazepoxide, and in a drug-free control period. Neuroleptics (haloperidol and perphenazine) caused changes indicating inhibition of metabolism of 14C-nortriptyline. Neither of the two benzodiazepines caused a significant change in the pharmacokinetic measurements of 14C-nortriptyline. In rats, the metabolism of 14C-nortriptyline was inhibited by pretreatment with chlordiazepoxide, but only when given in a dose of 60 mg./kg. a short time before the administration of 14C-nortriptyline.


This paper investigates the accumulation characters of the debris flows of the flash floods in the most typical tributaries in the Qionghai basin of Guanba river,Sichuan,China,analyses the changes of silt deposit in Qionghai,and explores the deposit characters and development trend.Based on this,the authors draw the following conclusions.Firstly,since 1950,520 thousand cubic silt have deposited in Qionghai.Secondly,the deposit character of silt carried by debris flows of flash flood is that coarse particles(diameter 2 mm) accumulate along the ditch bed,while the fine particles are transported to Qionghai.Thirdly,the depositional fan formed by debris flows of flash flood impels the Qionghai lake shoreline to push on to the lake core constantly.Fourthly,the debris flows of flash flood sneak into the sublacustrine,forming the turbidity current in the lake and continuing to move,as well as forming sublacustrine underwater embankments to change the sublacustrine topography.Finally,with the combining effects of strong earthquakes,rainfalls and other causal factors,large-scale debris flows of flash flood may take place in Qionghai.


The author introduce the concept of the urban waterfront and the classify of the waterfront urban design. With the research of waterfront studies around the world and in domestic country, the domestic urban waterfront design is discussed. The direction of domestic urban waterfront research, the development of urban design with a water environment and some problems of urban water front design are expounded.


Results are reported of studies into some of the properties and forming behaviour of wood-polymer composite materials produced from natural wood by thermochemical manufacturing processes. The physico-mechanical properties, the moisture resistance, the bioresistance, the fire-resistance, and other operating properties have been considered and compared with those of natural wood. Forming properties are related to the various modifiers and technologies employed. Possible applications of the materials are suggested. The present paper reviews work carried out over a period of 25 years at the Byelorussian Institute of Technology, which has previously been difficult to publish in the western scientific literature


Polyatomic projectiles such as C60+ have been used for molecular sputter depth profiling in time‐of‐flight static secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐S‐SIMS). However, the practical application for nanoscale analysis problems still depends on the likely change of secondary ion yield with depth. Therefore, ultra‐low‐angle microtomy (ULAM) has been applied in conjunction with dual beam depth profiling (Bi3+C60+ + +) on polymer systems relevant to printing industry.


The fathers of early modern science did not wait for their descendants to write their myth of origins: from Bacon's proclamation in 1620 "to commence a total reconstruction of... all human knowledge" to Thomas Sprat's boast nearly half a century later that the members of the Royal Society had, for the first time, rendered "the knowledge of nature . . . an Instrument whereby Mankind may obtain a Dominion over Things and not onely over one anothers Judgements," the men involved in advertising the mechanical philosophy and the new mode of experiment advertised as well the revolutionary promise of their endeavors.' They were the prophets of a new age, and the golden world they were striving to build would be dedicated, as Bacon said, to "the glory of the Creator and the relief of man's estate."'2


The design of the modular plasma guns of an erosion type that operate in the pulse-periodic mode has been described. The injection of the electrode and dielectric materials occurs due to the combination of many processes initiated by the high-voltage surface discharge. The guns with the dielectrics of (C2H4)n and (C2F4)n types have been
compared. Optical spectrograms of discharges for a (C2F4)n dielectric have been obtained. The radial and axial spread of sprayed components that are the part of plasma guns has been specified and the composition of the sediments deposited on the targets has been defined.


Lee's signcryption scheme with public verifiability is cryptoanalyzed and improved.By studying the confidentiality and non-repudiation of Lee's scheme,the fact that the confidentiality of Lee's scheme is lost during its public verification is found.Lee's scheme is modified,and the modification overcomes the security problem in Lee's scheme.So the modified scheme is a security signcryption scheme with public verifiability and it is of great benefit to solve the open problem "design signcryption schemes with public verifiability".


The Languages of the Andes by Willem F. H. Adelaar with the collaboration of Pieter C. Muysken. Cambridge: Cambridge Univer- sity Press, 2004, xxv+718 pp. Reviewed by Jennifer R. Guzman University of California, Los Angeles Eleventh in the Cambridge Language Survey series, Adelaar's The Languages of the Andes offers a comprehensive account of both the extant and the extinct groupings of languages: the Chibcha, Inca, and Araucanian spheres as well as those spoken on the eastern slopes of the Andes and in Tierra del Fuego. Highlighting the typological variation in linguistic features across the languages of the Andean cordillera, this book brings together grammatical description and example texts for the region's many languages. The introduction of the book surveys the region's history of linguistic diversity as it has been affected by such inherent characteristics as the terrain of the Andean result of successive periods of conquest and, later, nation formation. Included in the languages of the region. The remaining chapters are ordered along the north north, in present-day Colombia (Chapter 2). Chapter 3 addresses the languages of Incan conquest immediately prior to the arrival of Europeans in the region is reviewed, emphasizing its likely affect on language use across the vast areas of modern Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and northern Chile and Argentina. The authors note the Incan practice of mitmaq, or forced migration of entire communities, as a likely contributing factor to the domination of Quechua, which was achieved to even greater extent during the colonial period. Chapter 4 addresses the numerous languages of the eastern slopes of the Andes but also includes the languages of the Chaco region, more properly Amazonian than Andean. This chapter also touches the Araucanian Sphere, covering the areas of central Chile and parts of Argentina. The discussion addresses the resistance of the Araucanian (i.e. Mapuche) people group's language maintenance until recent decades. The extinct and endangered languages of Tierra del Fuego are covered in Chapter 6. This chapter describes the Issues in Applied Linguistics © 2005/2006, Regents of the University of California ISSN 1050-4273 Vol. 15 No. 1, 95-96


The authors measured plasma levels of free homovanillic acid (HVA) and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl-glycol (MHPG) in 350 consecutive psychiatric patients. Among the 22 patients with the highest values for both HVA and MHPG, the primary diagnoses were psychotic disorders, eating disorders, and major depression.


— Agricultural work in both developed and in developing countries continues to be one of the most hazardous occupations. India is primarily an agrarian economy as farming is one of the most important occupations in the country. Many risk factors are associated with the development of musculoskeletal disorders are common in agricultural tasks. Thus in the present study an attempt has been made to analyze the prevalence of MSDs among sugarcane workers of Bareilly District, UP. A total sample size of 60 farm workers was taken for data using purposive and random sampling without replacement. Due to long working hours, awkward body postures, repetitive work and physical load there exist a high prevalence of physiological discomforts among sugarcane workers engaged in sugarcane sowing and harvesting both the activities are associated with MSD most dominated in neck,upperarm and low back . The above investigation revealed that the workers suffered from pain and discomforts more in neck ,upper arm,and low back.


Based on practical experience, this paper summarises how selected power system fault conditions can affect distance protection and strategies for the protection to deal with these challenges. Fault conditions discussed in this paper are double phase to ground faults where quadrilateral zone overreach can occur, faults with high frequency components that can affect memory polarisation and single phase faults in single pole tripping applications where three phase trip conversion may occur.


The empirical findings for the labour force participation elasticity with regards to child prices are varied. While some estimates imply substantial participation gains from child care subsidies, others find insignificant effects from child care prices on participation decisions. This paper analyzes the elasticity sizes using estimates from 37 peer-reviewed articles and working papers in the literature. Using meta-analysis tools, we attempt to provide a weighted elasticity estimate and variation between countries and over time. The results suggest that the elasticity size has a positive inverse U-shaped relationship with aggregate labour force participation, and decreases with higher rates of part-time work and social spending. The findings imply that the impact of changes in child care prices and success of child care subsidy policies are correlated with aggregate level factors.


Studies have shown that influential nodes play an important role in all kinds of dynamic behavior in the complex network. Excavation or recognition of such nodes contributes to the development of application areas such as social network advertising and user interest recommendation. Although some heuristic algorithms such as degree, betweenness, closeness and k-shell (or k-core) can identify influential nodes at the same time, they are disadvantaged in terms of accuracy and time complexity. Based on this, the authors propose a novel local weight index to distinguish the node influence based on the theory of ties strength. This index emphasizes that the node influence is jointly decided by the quantity and quality of the neighbors, and its time complexity is much lower than closeness and betweenness. With the aid of SIR information transmission model, this paper verifies the validity of local weight index.


To the Editor: —InThe Journallast week you promise to publish the "Roll of Honor," the names of those physicians who have accepted commissions in the Medical Reserve Corps. There is also a list which should be put in a subroll at least, and that is the 2,000 physicians who volunteered for the service and were rejected for physical defects. All honor to those who have volunteered and have been accepted but no stigma should attach to those who made an honest effort but were not physically qualified.


The α-galactosidases (α-D-galactoside galactohydrolase, EC (126.96.36.199) is ubiquitous enzyme of considerable physiological significance and industrial potentials. The production of such an enzyme using microbes has several unique advantages over extraction from the other sources. In the past few years, the production of enzymes through solid state fermentation (SSF) is practiced all over the world rather than submerged fermentation since its high productivity and cost effectiveness. In this study, fungal strain Aspergillus niger MTCC 1344 was used to produce α- galactosidase enzyme under solid state fermentation using soy bean powder as substrate. The production was optimized by supplementations of different selected carbon and nitrogen sources along with substrate. As a carbon supplement, fructose showed a high yield of enzyme and as nitrogen supplement, ammonium nitrate has yielded more enzyme production. The produced enzyme was subjected to partial purification using acetone which showed 3 folds purification (128U/ml) than crude enzyme concentration. The partial purified enzyme was subjected to the various parameter characterizations like temperature, pH, thermal stability and ionic effect. The results revealed that the optimum temperature for higher activity of this enzyme was found to be 40°C and the pH was 5-6. Besides, the enzyme thermal stability was observed up to 70°C, addition of Mg2+ enhanced the enzyme activity whereas Cu2+ suppress the activity. Finally, the investigation was made to find the ability of dissolving raffinose oligosaccharides by α-Galactosidase through soymilk hydrolysis. The HPLC analysis was confirmed degradation of raffinose oligosaccharide. Key words: α-galactosidase, Solid state fermentation, Aspergillus niger, Soymilk


Typical productions in existing cloud systems are service-oriented in nature. The response time of user requests directly reflects the system performance. In this regard, tracing user requests is a viable means to exposing performance data, so as to help performance diagnosis. Recent work has shown that it is promising to pinpoint performance anomalies with end-to-end request tracing data. However, an efficient, unsupervised diagnosis tool for locating fine-grained performance anomalies is still lacking. Performance diagnosis is labor intensive in production cloud computing systems. Such systems typically face many real world challenges, which the existing diagnosis techniques for such distributed systems cannot effectively solve. An efficient, unsupervised diagnosis tool for locating fine-grained performance anomalies is still lacking in production cloud computing systems. This paper proposes CloudDiag to bridge this gap. Combining a statistical technique and a fast matrix recovery algorithm, CloudDiag can efficiently pinpoint fine-grained causes of the performance problems, which does not require any domain-specific knowledge to the target system. CloudDiag has been applied in a practical production cloud computing systems to diagnose performance problems. We demonstrate the effectiveness of CloudDiag in three real-world case studies.


Review(s) of: Foundations of Psychological Thought: A History of Psychology, by Barbara Gentile and Benjamin Miller (Eds) Sage, Los Angeles: 2009; 671 pp; ISBN 978-0-7619-3077-8; US $64.95 (paperback).


The past decade has seen a large progress in the X-ray investigation of early-type galaxies of the local universe, and first attempts have been made to reach redshifts z>0 for these objects, thanks to the high angular resolution and sensitivity of the satellites Chandra and XMM-Newton. Major advances have been obtained in our knowledge of the three separate contributors to the X-ray emission, that are the stellar sources, the hot gas and the galactic nucleus. Here a brief outline of the main results is presented, pointing out the questions that remain open, and finally discussing the prospects to solve them with a wide area X-ray survey mission such as WFXT.


Comprehensive investigations of thin-film Al-M (M = Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni) negative electrode material libraries were performed using combinatorial and high-throughput techniques. Mossbauer effect spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction were used to characterize library structure. The electrochemical performance of over 200 compositions of Al x M 1-x (0.75 < x < 1) was determined at both room and elevated temperature. All Al x M 1-x alloys are completely inactive above 15 atom % M. Thermodynamic calculations based on the macroscopic atom model of de Boer et al. predict compositions with at least 33-65 atom % M to be inactive. A phenomenological model to describe the observed capacity as a function of transition metal content and cycling temperature is presented.


Abstract Background and Purpose: To scale up HR innovation with HR technology, organizations worldwide are putting effort into adopting HR Analytics (HRA) among HR professionals and the actual use of HRA for organizational decision-making. This study aims to explore the behavioral intention to use HRA from the perspective of HR professionals by using UTAUT. Methodology: Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was employed to validate the model based on data collected via a survey from 270 HR professionals in India. Results: The result revealed a significant positive impact of performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating condition on behavioral intention to use HRA. However, organization culture negatively moderates the relationship between HRA adoption intention and adoption behavior. The establishment of organizational culture as a moderator in Indian organizations is unique. Conclusion: The study extends the explanatory context of UTAUT and provides feasibility for the organizations to guide HR professionals to adopt HRA from multiple paths of intention and usage behavior. Managers, business leaders, and policymakers can use this finding to assist HRA adoption in their organizations.


Abstract Introduction. Dysphagia is considered an alarm symptom, raising the question of stricture or malignancy. We sought to determine the prevalence and severity of dysphagia and correlation with severity of gastroesophageal reflux disease and its response to therapy. Methods. A total of 642 patients with endoscopically confirmed erosive esophagitis (Los Angeles grades AD). Esophagitis was classified as mild (grade A or B) or severe (grade C or D). Results. At baseline, of 642 patients 37% had dysphagia, 43% had severe esophagitis, and 35% mild esophagitis (odds ratio, 1.39; 95% confidence interval, 1.27-1.51, p<0.001). Dysphagia resolved in 73% of patients after 4 weeks of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment. Resolution of dysphagia was associated with a mean healing rate of 87% acrossall treatments. Seventeen percent of patients reported persistent dysphagia, and in these patients the healing rates were decreased significantly (mean 72%; p<0.0001). Conclusions. Dysphagia is common in patients with erosive esophagitis but is not a reliable clinical predictor of severe erosive esophagitis. Dysphagia resolved with PPI therapy in most cases, but persistent dysphagia may indicate failed healing.


The invention discloses dried bean curd capable of clearing away lung heat and tonifying qi and a preparation method thereof. The dried bean curd is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 90-110 parts of black soybeans, 10-20 parts of mung beans, 20-30 parts of sago, 7-8 parts of a nutrition additive, 4-5 parts of tender leaves of ice clara, 8-10 parts of chrysanthemum morifolium, 5-7 parts of chaenomeles sinensis fruit granules, 1.2-2 parts of aralia elata(Miq.) seem, 4-5 parts of olives, 3-4 parts of pearl powder, 4-5 parts of Tie Guanyin tea, 3-4 parts of mulberries, 4-5 parts of epiphyllum oxypetalum, 5-6 parts of shredded beef, 4-5 parts of rabbit meat, 2-3 parts of radix paeoniae alba, 1-1.8 parts of microcos paniculata, 1.2-1.4 parts of pyrola rotundifolia, 2-2.3 parts of viola diffusa ging, 2-3 parts of dalbergia odorifera and 3-3.5 parts of sarcandra glabra leaves. The components, such as epiphyllum oxypetalum, the shredded beef and the rabbit meat, are added into the dried bean curd, so that the dried bean curd is rich in protein, can be used for improving spleen deficiency and weak vital energy, has the effects of clearing away lung heat, relieving a cough, reducing phlegm and enhancing immunity, and has a good health effect.


Non-blocking synchronization (NBS) has significant advantages over blocking synchronization: The same code can ran on uniprocessors, asynchronous handlers, and on shared memory multiprocessors. NBS is deadlock-free, aids fault-tolerance, eliminates interference between synchronization and the scheduler, and can increase total system throughput.
These advantages are becoming even more important with the increased use of parallelism and multiprocessors, and as the cost of a delay increases relative to processor speed.
This thesis demonstrates that non-blocking synchronization is practical as the sole co-ordination mechanism in systems by showing that careful design and implementation of operating system software makes implementing efficient non-blocking synchronization far easier, by demonstrating that DCASpDouble-Compare-and-Swapp is the necessary and sufficient primitive for implementing NBS, and by demonstrating that efficient hardware DCAS is practical for RISC processors.
This thesis presents non-blocking implementations of common data-structures sufficient to implement an operating system kernel. These out-perform all non-blocking implementations of the same data-structures and are comparable to spin-locks under no contention. They exploit properties of well- designed systems and depend on DCAS .
I present an O(n) non-blocking implementation of CASn with extensions that support multi-objects, a contention-reduction technique based on DCAS that is fault-tolerant and OS-independent yet performs as well as the best previously published techniques, and two implementations of dynamic, software transactional memory (STM) that support multi-object updates, and have O(w) overhead cost (for w writes in an update) in the absence of preemption.
Finally, I demonstrate that the proposed OS implementation of DCAS is inefficient, and present a design of an efficient, hardware, DCAS implementation that is specific to the R4000 processor; however, the observations that make implementation practical are generally applicable. In short, the incremental costs of adding binary atomic synchronization primitives are very low, given that designers have already implemented unary atomic synchronization primitives.


Why was there a civil war in seventeenth-century England? The question continues to exercise historians, especially as the coherent explanations of S. R. Gardiner, echoing in reality only the partisan account of the Grand Remonstrance of 1641, no longer command easy acceptance. Of late, discussion has mostly concentrated on social analysis, on the supposition that the division which became manifest in 1642 reflected definite and ascertainable groupings within the nation. This paper is not going to treat once more of the much battered problem of the gentry; that controversy has found enough summaries, of varying degrees of sympathy, to deserve the decent rest and respect accorded to old age (if not old hat). Those who took part in the war believed themselves to be defending opposing views on Church and state; they thought– or often said– that religious and political convictions divided them from one another. This interpretation has taken some bad knocks from historians investigating what was actually said and done in the years before 1640. Even the existence of a distinguishably Puritan point of view in the Church of England has been called in doubt, though it should be said that such arguments lead more properly to the conclusion that within the Church there existed both high and low streams of opinion, and that at least before the age of Laud these did not represent a conflict between Anglican and Puritan so much as a struggle for ascendancy between two sections of the English Church.


The characteristics of current mineral resources in China are described.The latest development of complex ore processing techniques is reviewed,focusing on molybdenum-containing mixed mineral and high iron nickel laterite ore.Professional teaching reform measures are put forward of promoting class by scientific research experiments.


The characteristics of related qulity controlling parameters used in real-time X-ray imaging technique and computer image processing technique were discussed.Agreat deal of process trials and images aquisition were proceeded which taking the titanium alloy cylinder as the example.Testing results showed that the contrast and sensitivity of the image getting by X-ray real-time imaging technique was as good as X radiography testing technique.Defect detection rate was satisfied also.The best testing process parameters were got through those trials and the universal property of the max amplifying ratio was proved also.


Six contrasting morphological 'variants' in Plantago major Linn. were selected from the Kashmir Himalayas to investigate the causes of this intraspecific variation. Transplant experiments confirmed the hereditary nature of this variation, Meiosis and chromosome morphology was investigated in order to find out if these variants could be distinguished on a cytological basis. Meiosis was normal and the chromsome morphology was found to be similar in all the 'variants' indicating thereby that the diversity distinguishing the variants has been produced by simple genic differences. Polymorphism in P. major L. has been proposed to be controlled mainly through quantitative polygenic inheritance and partly through genic mutations.


The main cause for laborers inefficiency in SMEs(Small and Medium Enterprises) of the Pearl River Delta lies in the inefficiency of SMEs's inner management mechanism in the following aspects: the lagging human resources management system,the discrimination against laborers from other places,the lagging spiritual excitation mechanism for the second generation of labor force from farmers.To solve these problems,SMEs shall set up and perfect their inner management mechanism,esp.their human resources management system,and keep laborers staying by rules and regulations,excellent pay and conditions,love and care,training and dedication.


This paper introduces the inhibitor used in boiler and heat exchanger water treatment anti-scaling principle,and silicon wafer phosphorus as an example,and introduces the boiler scale inhibitors used in recovery of waste water treatment anticorrosive anti-scaling process mechanism.


This article considers issues of improving the technical and tactical training of wrestlers kazakh-kures based on model characteristics. The article outlines options for improving technical and tactical actions, methodical techniques and Tasks with which you can solve the problems of each stage. Especial attention is paid to the characteristics of the sports activities of the fighter without consideration, which is difficult to tuck up effective methodical methods of influencing the preparedness of wrestlers. The authors took into account the records of stenographic records of competitive meetings. The effectiveness of the developed methodology is confirmed by the results of the pedagogical experiment. The model characteristics of the Kazakh-kures wrestlers developed by the author on technical and tactical training allow the coach to regulate in the training process a variety of protective and attacking actions, effectiveness of protection and attack, activity of performance of technical and tactical actions in competitive meetings.Key words: technical and tactical training, Kazakh-kures, training spells, competitive-based activity


ABSTRACT:This article offers a social-scientific perspective on the theme of "Liturgical Reconciliation: That They May be One." Specifically, it presents a positive case, on pastoral and evangelistic grounds, in favour of liturgical diversity. This argument applies equally to individual parishes and broader—e.g., deanery, diocesan, national, Church-wide—levels. Different, concrete factors influencing church/congregation growth or decline are delineated, and the rationale for applying economic models to thinking about pastoral life is explained. The paper introduces the concept of "the liturgical long tail," and argues for its disproportionate importance for ecclesial vitality.