Many control algorithms for ABS systems have been proposed in the literature since the introduction of this equipment by Bosch in 1978. In general, one can divide these control algorithms into two different types: those based on a regulation logic with wheel acceleration thresholds that are used by most commercial ABS systems; and those based on wheel slip control that are preferred in the large majority of academic algorithms. Each approach has its pros and cons [Shida 2010]. Oversimplifying, one can say that the strength of the first ones is their robustness; while that of the latter ones their short braking distances (on dry grounds) and their absence of limit cycles. At the midpoint of this industry/academy dichotomy, based on the concept of extended braking stiffness (XBS), a quite different class of ABS control strategies has been proposed by several researchers (see, e.g., [Sugai 1999] and [Ono 2003]). This concept combines the advantages from both the industrial and academic approaches. Nevertheless, since the slope of the tyre characteristic is not directly measurable, it introduces the question of real-time XBS estimation. The first part of this thesis is devoted to the study of this estimation problem and to a generalization of the proposed technique to a larger class of systems. From the technological point of view, the design of ABS control systems is highly dependent on the ABS system characteristics and actuator performance. Current ABS control algorithms on passenger cars, for instance the Bosch ABS algorithm, are based on heuristics that are deeply associated to the hydraulic nature of the actuator. An interesting observation is that they seem to work properly only in the presence of a specific delay coming from the hydraulic actuation [Gerard 2012]. For brake systems that have different delays compared to those of hydraulic actuators, like electric in-wheel motors (with a smaller delay) or pneumatic trailer brakes (with a bigger delay), they might be no longer suitable [Miller 2013]. Therefore, adapting standard ABS algorithms to other advanced actuators becomes an imperative goal in the automobile industry. This goal can be reached by the compensation of the delays induced by actuators. The second part of this thesis is focused on this issue, and to the generalization of the proposed technique to a particular class of nonlinear systems. Throughout this thesis, we employ two different linearization techniques: the linearization of the error dynamics in the construction of model-based observers [Krener 1983] and the linearization based on restricted state feedback [Brockett 1979]. The former is one of the simplest ways to build an observer for dynamical systems with output and to analyze its convergence. The main idea is to transform the original nonlinear system via a coordinate change to a special form that admits an observer with a linear error dynamics and thus the observer gains can be easily computed to ensure the observer convergence. The latter is a classical method to control nonlinear systems by converting them into a controllable linear state equation via the cancellation of their nonlinearities. It is worth mentioning that existing results for observer design by error linearization in the literature are only applied to the case of regular time scalings ([Guay 2002] and [Respondek 2004]). The thesis shows how to extend them to the case of singular time scalings. Besides, the thesis combines the classical state feedback linearization with a new method for the input delay compensation to resolve the output tracking problem for restricted feedback linearizable systems with input delays.


relationship between royal piety and abnegation in a study of the thirteenthcentury Spanish princess Sancia. The weaker sections include essays that examine the relationship between Islamic and western thought, the art of warfare, the repercussions of piracy, and the transmission of Islamic sources. Oliver Leaman's study of the compatibility of neoplatonism and Islamic philosophy is too reductionist, while Jan M. F. Van Reeth's comparative study of Christian and Muslim sacral geography lacks a well-articulated comparative methodology. A fair number of essays offer intriguing insights into the Mediterranean frontier world. However, in such a broadly-defined collection, the reader will find it difficult to bridge disparate categories. Without a thematic framework in an introductory essay, Across the Mediterranean Frontiers provides bits and pieces of useful information about the Mediterranean frontier and about problems of coexistence among different religious and ethnic communities.


The article presents the results of research which aim was to to determine the impact of local non-traditional fodder additives (zeolite-hongurine of Honguruu deposit, Suntarsky district, and sapropels of the local lake) on the digestibility of fodder, as well as the metabolism of young cattle in Yakutia. To conduct the experiments 3 groups of heifers of Kholmogorsk breed were formed, 10 heads each. The conditions of animals keeping were the same except for feeding conditions. The test groups of animals received in addition to the main ration: I test group received hongurin zeolite in a dose of 0.7 g/kg fresh weight from 10 g of Campendai salt in addition to the main ration; II test group received in other proportions hongurin zeolite in a dose of 0.7 g/kg fresh weight from 200 g sapropel and 10 g of Campendai salt. The digestibility coefficients of feed nutrients consumed by the replacements were not unambiguous by groups. In terms of digestibility intensity, the control group of animals was behind the test groups in terms of DM by 0.87% and 2.73%, organic matter by 1.03% and 3.17%, protein by 0.01% and 0.29%, fat by 0.21% and 0.43%, fibre by 0.10% and 2.29% and nitrogen-free extractive substances by 1.98% and 4.36%, respectively. Animals consuming non-traditional feed additives surpassed their peers from the control group by nitrogen assimilation by 0.23% and 3.10%, calcium by 1.80% and 3.12%, and phosphorus by 0.20% and 5.04%. Thus, unconventional feed additives in cattle feeding contribute to better digestion and assimilation of minerals.


This paper, and its companion, describe the identification, modelling and simulation of the drive-train components in a hybrid i.c.-enginelbattery electric car. This paper concentrates on the electric traction system and describes the identification of discrete transfer functions that relate motor current and motor shaft torque to the input demand to the power electronic controller. All the traction system transfer functions identified are related to a theoretical unalysis of the DC traction system and both full- and reduced-order models are derived. In the identification procedure the non-linear gains are identified separately to the system dynamics which leads to system transfer functions that are ideally suited for controller design. It is shown thut the power electronic controller has three distinct operating modes, and transfer functions are identified for each mode. Simulated results are compared with test data and the identified transfer functions shown to describe the behaviour of the electric traction system accurately. A method to predict motor torque by measuring armature current and field current is also presented. With the identified system transfer functions it is possible to design a control unit which will control the torque from the electric traction motor in a smooth manner.


ABSTRACT Necrotizing fasciitis is a rare, life-threatening infection most commonly seen in patients with diabetes mellitus, intravenous drug abuse, and immunocompromised conditions. The extremities are the primary sites of involvement in as many as two thirds of the cases. In a significant proportion of patients, the extremities are involved as a result of trauma, needle puncture or extravasation of drugs. The infection is usually polymicrobial. Treatment involves broad-spectrum antibiotics and multiple surgical debridements or amputation. We present a patient with necrotizing fasciitis of the upper limb and present our experience with this often lethal condition.


Transient heat transfer problems with phase-changes, also known as the "Stefan problems" or "moving-boundary problems," are practically significant in many engineering and technological fields. Injection molding, one of the most widely used plastics processing techniques, mainly consists of filling, packing, and cooling, and the cooling stage is crucial since it considerably affects the productivity and quality of the molded parts. Thus, solutions for transient phase-change heat conduction problems during injection molding will be instructive. In this article, the enthalpy transforming scheme proposed by Cao and Faghri, which could handle the Stefan problems for generalized multidimensional phase-change structures, is applied coupled with the control-volume/finite-difference techniques. Considering the polydispersity and hierarchical structures, the polymer extended phase change temperature range or mushy zone was included in the two-dimensional enthalpy formulation to forecast the transient phase-change heat conduction during the cooling stage for injection-molded high density polyethylene (HDPE) parts. Experiments were performed and good agreement has been achieved, which reveals that the enthalpy transforming model gives good prediction, especially for the cooling analysis for the injection molding of thick-walled parts of crystalline polymers. The understanding of the phase-change heat conduction characteristics may facilitate the optimal designs of polymer injection molding process for industrial applications. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers


Among the requirements of the 5th generation (5G) radio access technology (RAT) is that the associated waveform be well-localised in time and frequency. Localisation characteristics of waveforms are important when considering multiplexing and duplexing of transmissions. This paper proposes a measure of time-frequency localisation (TFL) for sets of orthogonal waveforms, based on Heisenberg's well-known Uncertainty Principle, allowing for the containment of OFDM and FBMC multicarrier signals over the entire bandwidth to be determined. A theoretical bound on TFL for sets of orthogonal waveforms sharper than the general uncertainty principle is provided. Several multicarrier waveforms generated using well-defined filters are shown by simulation to approach the derived bound as the number of subcarriers increases.


Introduction. The concentration of a huge amount of forest resources on the territory of the Russian Federation allows to expand significantly the usage of wood in the construction of both low-rise and high-rise buildings and structures. The main directions of development of normative and technical documentation (NTD) in the field of wooden construction, demanded by the professional community, are presented.

Materials and methods. A survey of wooden house building market participants was conducted to identify the most urgent problems in the field of wood application in the construction industry. The NTD of the USA, Canada and EU countries regulating the usage of wood in the construction industry were reviewed. The best practices implemented in foreign NTD and capable of serving as a reference point in the process of modernization of the domestic regulatory framework in the subject area under study have been identified. The questions of fire safety, earthquake resistance, as well as modern construction materials and products based on wood, used in the market of building wooden structures (WS) are considered. The composition and structure of NTD of the Russian Federation in the field of wood construction have been analyzed.

Results. The analysis of domestic and foreign NTD has revealed a significant deficit in the part of normative and methodological support of construction from materials and products based on wood. Recommendations on updating, cancellation or revision of domestic normative-technical documents have been developed.

Conclusions. The necessity of intensification of applied scientific researches for updating of NTD, in particular normative-methodical manuals and recommendations is formulated and substantiated. Proposals for structuring the system of NTD RF in the field of construction of wooden structures have been developed. The system of state standards in this area should cover technical specifications for individual materials and wood products describing their physical and mechanical properties and design characteristics. The proposed structure of NTD in the field of wooden construction has the possibility of dynamic development taking into account the development of the nomenclature of materials, calculation methods and applied technologies.


Adding 0.5% K2HPO4 in the fermentation of yogurt,it can make the acid,which the yogurt productions fermented,reduce to appropriate amount,extend the growing season of the yogurt fermentation.And the bacterium amounts in every mL yogurt improve 8~10 times while it can make the solidification time of the yogurt prolong 1.5~2h.And it is more beneficial to be propitious to the hot streptococcus's growth.A notable hyperplasy effect was gained comparing with the common yogurt fermentation.


Molecular Characterization of Intron 2 Alternative Splicing As A Cause of the Classic Type of 21-Hydroxilase Deficit in Chile 33


In Banach space, the composite implicit iterative process for uniformly L- Lipschitzian asymptotically hemi-pesudocontractive mappings are studied, and the sufficient and necessary conditions of strong convergence for the composite implicit iterative process are obtained. AMS subject classifications: 47H09, 47J05, 47J25


English for occupational purposes (EOP) refers to the specific ways English is used in different work and professional situations.

Keywords:

discourse analysis;
language and social interaction;
corpus;
language for specific purposes


Introduction: The Modified Gaussian Model (MGM), a physically based description of electronic transition absorption bands in spectra, is now more readily available for use by all interested colleagues. In order to facilitate compatibility with as wide a range of computer systems as possible, the MGM code has been translated from FORTRAN and HP graphics language to two different platform independent sets of code written in IDL and MATLAB. All three versions of the MGM code will be available (starting no later than 3/1/99) from the RELAB website maintained by the Brown University's Department of Geological Sciences (www.planetary.brown.edu).


The article is concerned with the works by the Soviet writer and East Asian studies scholar Roman Kim (1899–1967). He is well known as an author of spy fiction. The article follows the literary history of Roman Kim. Being a Russian-language descendant of Korean emigrants, he wrote about rivalry between international intelligence services on polycultural territories. First published works by R. Kim were non-fictional. He became a commentator of the book The Roots of the Japanese Sun by B. Pilniak and also published his analysis of the contemporary Japanese literature in the lampoon Three Houses across from the Other Two . R. Kim criticized Japanese 'ego'-fiction of the early 20th century because literary 'masters' and their apprentices did not notice significant events in Japan and in the world and did not bring up social issues. Kim's literary work demonstrates that the civic position of the characters in literature is essential for him. In the 1950s and 1960s, Roman Kim's fiction has an intriguing plot and distinctness of a storyline. The structure of his novellas is usually built on ideological oppositions: the USA and the USSR, North and South Korea, Japan and communist China. The writer creates images of Kore and Koreans with historical retrospections and ethnocultural details. Korea in general is shown as a space of competition between the modern empires. Kim underlines ethnocultural particularity of most of the characters. The specificity of his fiction is based on the rationalistic principle, which also determines the unambiguity of the characters. Such a feature of the characters and the storyline is fairly typical of formula literature. Roman Kim also depicts spies like ghosts in his novellas. The authors of the article interpret that as reflection of the hybrid identity of Korean diaspora in the Soviet Union.


The embodiment of the invention relates to a method, equipment and a system for generating and acquiring an electronic program menu. The method for generating the electronic program menu comprises the steps of acquiring an original electronic program menu comprising an electronic program guide (EPG) of an internet protocol television (IPTV) system based on a packet switching service (PSS) and an EPG of the IPTV system based on a multimedia broadcast multicast service (MBMS), and generating an EPG of the IPTV system based on an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) according to the original electronic program menu. In the embodiment of the invention, the EPG of the IPTV system based on the IMS is generated according to the prior EPG of the IPTV system based on the PSS and/or the EPG of the IPTV system based on the MBMS, therefore, the EPG of the IPTV system based on the IMS can be provided for a terminal of the IPTV system based on the IMS according to the prior original electronic program menu without allocating the data of the electronic program menu of the IPTV system based on the IMS again, and the cost for maintaining the data of the IPTV system is reduced.


Ribosomal DNA (rDNA) copy number varies widely among individuals in many species, but the phenotypic consequences of such copy number fluctuations remain largely unexplored. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, each rDNA repeat contains an origin of replication. Previous studies have demonstrated that the yeast rDNA locus can be a significant competitor for replication resources, suggesting that rDNA copy number variation may affect timely completion of genome-wide replication. We hypothesized that reduction in rDNA copy number and thus rDNA replication origins would reduce competition from the rDNA locus and thereby improve non-rDNA genome replication. To test this hypothesis, we engineered yeast strains with short rDNA arrays of 35 copies, a minimal copy number that still maintains wild type level ribosome function. Contrary to our hypothesis, the minimal rDNA strain displayed classic replication defects: decreased plasmid maintenance, delayed completion of chromosomal replication, and increased sensitivity to replication stress agonists. Although a normal rDNA array replicates late in S phase, the minimal rDNA array initiated replication in early S phase, resulting in delayed replication across the non-rDNA portions of the genome. Moreover, we discovered that absence of the rDNA fork barrier protein Fob1p increased DNA damage sensitivity in strains with early replicating rDNA. We present evidence that this increased sensitivity may be due to compromised regulation of cyclin phosphatase Cdc14p and premature entry into anaphase. Our results indicate that precocious rDNA replication, rather than total number of rDNA origins, compromises replication of the genome. Taken together, we suggest that the rDNA's large, late-replicating state is evolutionarily conserved to promote genome stability through timely genome replication and coordination of S phase completion with anaphase entry.


ABSTRACT The 1989 Montreal Protocol that banned chlorofluorocarbons is probably the best example of international cooperation to resolve a common problem.


A series of modified montmorillonites including Zn2+ loaded montmorillonite (Zn/MMT), Ce3+ loaded montmorillonite (Ce/MMT) and Zn2+-Ce3+ loaded montmorillonites (Zn-Ce/MMT) were prepared by an ion-exchange reaction, and characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The specific surface areas, zeta potentials and antibacterial activity of the modified montmorillonites were also investigated. Zinc and cerium were proved to be present as bivalent zinc state and trivalent cerium state in the modified montmorillonites. For the modified montmorillonites, the d001 basal spacings increased and the particles were formed of irregular shapes. The antibacterial activity of the modified montmorillonites was enhanced with the increase of specific surface areas and zeta potentials, and Zn2+-Ce3+ loaded montmorillonites displayed obvious synergistic antibacterial effect. When Zn/Ce atomic ratio was 1.24, the Zn-Ce/MMT showed high antibacterial efficiency and broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, possessing the MIC against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans and Mucor of 1500, 1000, 2000 and 3000 mg·L−1, respectively.


In this paper, a novel vernier reluctance fully superconducting synchronous generator (FSCSG) with low temperature superconductors (LTS) for wind power application is proposed. The feature of this superconducting generator is an external rotor structure, and both the superconducting armature windings and DC field windings are in the inner stationary stator. Thus, compared with the existing FSCSFGs, the cryostat and related refrigerate system of the proposed generator is greatly simplified. Besides, the results shows that the torque density is about 37% higher and the torque ripple is as low as 6.9% without any optimization and skewed.


Abstract : Although large amounts of programming knowledge are available to human programmers in the form of books and articles, very little of this knowledge is available in a form suitable for use by a machine in performing programming tasks automatically. The principal goal of the research reported here is the explication of programming knowledge to a sufficient level of detail that it can be used effectively by a machine. The programming task considered in this experiment is that of constructing concrete implementations of abstract algorithms in the domain of symbolic programming. Knowledge about several aspects of symbolic programming has been expressed as a collection of four hundred refinement rules. The rules deal primarily with collections and mappings and ways of manipulating such structures, including several enumeration, sorting and searching techniques. The principal representation techniques covered include the representation of sets as linked lists and arrays (both ordered and unordered), and the representation of mappings as tables, sets of pairs, property list markings, and inverted mappings (indexed by range element). In addition to these general constructs, many low-level programming details are covered (such as the use of variables to store values).


tion in detailed drawings. That was already enough to speak about the project as a work of architectural art. In that case implementation of a project in reality became the business of workers rather than architects. Ideas of Alberti will find their reflection in the almost unknown novel and treatise that dates back to the end of the XVth century. It is entitled "Hypnerotomachia Poliphili'. Its authorship is attributed to Francesco Colonna, a Venetian monk. The model of «the paper architecture» which deals with ideas, rather than their material implementation will be more explicit here. (In spite of the fact, that the concept of the «paper architecture» is related to the name of G. B. Piranesi, architect of the XVIIIth century, the sources of this phenomenon are found in the Age of the Renaissance). Colonna actually cited Alberti, telling him to deal with the plan in his soul, "to always keep its completeness and wholeness", and not to fall to the level of simple builders and make building decorations. However the author of "Hypnerotomachia Poliphili", in his turn, overcomes the architectural tradition of Early Renaissance (brought up by Virtuvy and Alberti), and becomes the author of the next centuries. He develops his allegorical imaginary world filled with ideal samples and the fantasy of an architect, and not with projects or theories. Architectural descriptions of "Hypnerotomachia Poliphili" represent an utopia, developed by such authors of the XVII century as T. Campanella and G. Marino.


This paper describes the framework of a novel approach to fuzzy neural networks, In this approach, a fuzzy neural network accepts a set of possibility functions as well as vectors as input and produces a vector of membership function values as output. A fuzzy neural network implemented in this approach consists of three components: a parameter computing network, a converting layer, and a backpropagation based network. Such a fuzzy neural network shows promise for the classification problems with complex feature sets because it is able to attain comparable classification accuracy with fewer nodes and layers than a backpropagation-based neural network. The authors have implemented a prototype of this approach and applied this prototype to two real world problems: satellite image classification and lithology determination. For both problems, promising results were achieved.<<ETX>>


In order to overcome the lacking of Shift invariance in Contourlet Transform, enable the image fusion to be in accord with human vision properties, Nonsubsampled Contourlet Transform (NSCT) and Pulse Coupled Neural Networks(PCNN) were used jointly in image fusion algorithms. Original images were decomposed to get the coefficients of low frequency sub bands and high frequency sub bands. The coefficients of low and high frequency sub bands were processed by a modified PCNN. Matching degree of original images is defined and used in fusion rules. Fusion image was obtained by NSCT inverse transformation. Experimental result shows this method is better than Wavelet, Contourlet and traditional PCNN methods, it has bigger mutual information, so the fusion image include more original image's information.


Abstract It is well known that precipitation rate estimation is poor over land. Using the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) precipitation radar (PR) and TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI), the performance of the TMI rain estimation was investigated. Their differences over land were checked by using the orbit-by-orbit data for June 1998, December 1998, January 1999, and February 1999, and the following results were obtained: 1) Rain rate (RR) near the surface for the TMI (TMI-RR) is smaller than that for the PR (PR-RR) in winter; it is also smaller from 0900 to 1800 LT. These dependencies show some variations at various latitudes or local times. 2) When the storm height is low ( 8 km), the PR-RR is smaller. These dependencies of the RR on the storm height do not depend on local time or latitude. The tendency for a TMI-RR to be smaller when the storm height is low is more noticeable in convective rain than in stratiform rain. 3) Rain with a lo...


Given a graph G, the longest path problem asks to compute a simple path of G with the largest number of vertices. This problem is the most natural optimization version of the well-known and well-studied Hamiltonian path problem, and thus it is NP-hard on general graphs. However, in contrast to the Hamiltonian path problem, there are only a few restricted graph families, such as trees, and some small graph classes where polynomial algorithms for the longest path problem have been found. Recently it has been shown that this problem can be solved in polynomial time on interval graphs by applying dynamic programming to a characterizing ordering of the vertices of the given graph [K. Ioannidou, G. B. Mertzios, and S. D. Nikolopoulos, Algorithmica, 61 (2011), pp. 320–341], thus answering an open question. In the present paper, we provide the first polynomial algorithm for the longest path problem on a much greater class, namely on cocomparability graphs. Our algorithm uses a similar, but essentially simpler, dynamic programming approach, which is applied to a lexicographic depth first search (LDFS) characterizing ordering of the vertices of a cocomparability graph. Therefore, our results provide evidence that this general dynamic programming approach can be used in a more general setting, leading to efficient algorithms for the longest path problem on greater classes of graphs. LDFS has recently been introduced in [D. G. Corneil and R. M. Krueger, SIAM J. Discrete Math., 22 (2008), pp. 1259–1276]. Since then, a similar phenomenon of extending an existing interval graph algorithm to cocomparability graphs by using an LDFS preprocessing step has also been observed for the minimum path cover problem [D. G. Corneil, B. Dalton, and M. Habib, submitted]. Therefore, more interestingly, our results also provide evidence that cocomparability graphs present an interval graph structure when they are considered using an LDFS ordering of their vertices, which may lead to other new and more efficient combinatorial algorithms.


Most common formation channels of stellar mass black hole (BH) binaries like the ones observed by LIGO, often assume they are assembled from the direct collapse of massive pre-supernova stars. However, it is still unclear whether the final mass and spin of the newly formed BH arises from the collapse of the entire stellar progenitor or just a fraction of it, given that coupling of accretion feedback released during BH formation to the surrounding infalling star will inevitably lead to its ejection. If the BH is built up via disk accretion, outflows from the center will result in residual gas ejection, thus halting the stellar collapse and reducing the amount of mass and spin that can be accreted by the newly formed BH. Here we discuss the general properties of BHs (mass and spin) associated with the collapse of rotating, helium star pre-supernova progenitors. When accretion feedback is included, the BH drives powerful outflows that heat the surrounding envelope, effectively shutting down the collapse. This gives rise to various outcomes ranging from very massive BHs with low spins, as inferred for GW150914, to lighter and faster-spinning BHs, as deduced for GW151226.


Abstract Planet formation and clearing of protoplanetary disks is one of the long standing problems in disk evolution theory. The best test of clearing scenarios is observing systems that are most likely to be actively forming planets: the transitional disks with large inner dust cavities. We present the first results of our ALMA (Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array) Cycle 0 program using Band 9, imaging the Herbig Ae star Oph IRS 48 in CO 6−5 and the submillimeter continuum in the extended configuration. The resulting ~0.2″ spatial resolution completely resolves the cavity of this disk in the gas and the dust. The gas cavity of IRS 48 is half as large as the dust cavity, ruling out grain growth and photoevaporation as the primary cause of the truncation. On the other hand, the continuum emission reveals an unexpected large azimuthal asymmetry and steep edges in the dust distribution along the ring, suggestive of dust trapping. We will discuss the implications of the combined gas and dust distribution for planet formation at a very early stage. This is one of the first transition disks with spatially resolved gas inside the cavity, demonstrating the superb capabilities of the Band 9 receivers.


ObjectiveTo use fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction(FQ-PCR)for detection of human papillomavirus(HPV) DNA and HPV typing in patients with condyloma acuminatum(CA).Methods FQ-PCR for HPV typing and detection of HPV-DNA in wart tissue were performed in 278 patients with CA.ResultsIn the 278 cases,173 cases were cured after carbon dioxide laser treatment,but 105 cases have a relapse.HPV subtype analysis was performed.The samples of 278 cases detected were all HPV-DNA positive(100.00%),including 244 cases(87.77%) with genotype HPV6/11,7 cases(2.52%)with genotype HPV16/18 and 27 cases(9.71%)with genotype HPV6/11and HPV 16/18.278 HPV-DNA positive patients without being treated in groups were compared according to the HPV-DNA virus loadThere were 23 recurrence cases in 106 cases with virus load 103105 copies/ml There were 29 recurrence cases in 82 cases with virus load 105107 copies/ml.There were 53 recurrence cases in 90 cases with virus load 107 copies/ml.79 recurrence cases with HPV6/11,5 recurrence cases with HPV16/18 and 21 recurrence cases with HPV6/11 and HPV16/18 were observed.ConclusionDetecting HPV-DNA can distinguish the high-risk HPV from low-risk HPV infection,and it can predict the possibility of condyloma recurrence.


The theoretical aspect of ethnic problems is now being given high-priority treatment in bourgeois sociology and anthropology. Works are appearing which attempt to define the character of studies of ethnic problems now under way and to identify the tendencies that have taken shape in this field. The American sociologist K. A. Schermerhorn divides studies of ethnic subjects written in English into five categories: 1. purely descriptive studies; 2. works containing both description of new data and theoretical interpretation of them; 3. works of classification; 4. studies examining diverse factual material from the standpoint of some special theory; and 5. works on the level of comparative theory. (1)


The binding of R type drugs, which have high affinity to a site (R site) near the tyrosine-411 residue, remarkably accelerated the reaction of di-p-nitrophenyl adipate (D) with human serum albumin (HSA). The reaction was investigated kinetically at various pHs and 25°C. The reaction in the presence of an excess of HSA over D proceeded in two steps. The pH-profiles for both rate constants were sigmoidal, indicating the participation of two tyrosine residues having pKa values of about 9.3 in the reactions. The two residues of HSA involved seem to be separated by a distance corresponding to the length of the adipoyl group.


We describe certain extremality properties for Gallager's reliability function Eo for binary input symmetric DMCs. In particular, we show that amongst such DMC's whose E0(ρ1) has a given value for a given ρ1, the BEC and BSC have the largest and smallest value of the derivative of Eo(ρ2) for any ρ2 ≥ ρ1. As the random coding exponent is obtained by tracing the map ρ → (E0'(ρ), E0(ρ) - pE'0(ρ)) this conclusion includes as a special case the results of [1]. Furthermore, we show that amongst channels W with a given value of E0(ρ) for a given ρ the BEC and BSC are the most and least polarizing under Arıkan's polar transformations in the sense that their polar transforms W+ and W- has the largest and smallest difference in their Eo values.


suppress the other image at each eye, supplementary glasses are usually required. There is an important additional drawback to stereoscopic techniques: since observers usually see a fixed viewpoint, they may experience visual fatigue because of convergence-accommodation conflict.4 Convergence-accommodation conflict can be avoided by means of the formation in space of true 3D images with full parallax and continuous viewing points. Holography is one of the best ways to form 3D images in space, but recording a hologram usually requires use of coherent light, and speckle is also a problem. An alternative 3D image formation technique, integral imaging, is based on ray Time-Multiplexed Integral Imaging


OBJECTIVE
The objective was to perform risk stratification of oropharyngeal cancer(OPC) for treatment de-escalation based on the radiomics analysis and human papillomavirus (HPV) status.

METHODS
A total of 265 patients with OPC who underwent baseline contrast-enhanced computed tomography were analyzed, and the patients were grouped into the training (n=133) and test (n=132) cohorts at a ratio of 1:1. Intratumoral and peritumoral radiomics features were extracted, and the radiomics signature (Rscore) was calculated using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression (LASSO) and Cox regression analyses.

RESULTS
Twelve features were selected to establish the radiomics signature(Rscore) of intratumoral regions + 10-mm peritumoral regions, which yielded maximum AUCs of 0.835, 0.798, and 0.784 in the training, test and validation cohorts, respectively. Patients with OPC were divided into the high-risk group, intermediate-risk group and low-risk group based on the Rscore and HPV status and had different prognoses. Patients in the low-risk group benefit from radiotherapy alone, and patients in the intermediate-risk group only benefitted from chemoradiotherapy.

CONCLUSION
The radiomics signature appears to improve the predictive performance of clinical characteristics for oropharyngeal cancer. The combined stratification of the radiomics signature and HPV status might be preferred to select patients for de-escalated treatment.


A number of special results exist for summability methods B which, include Riesz summability (R,λ,k)—for example, when B is generalized Abel summability (A,λ,ρ) [Kuttner(5)], or Riemann summability (,λ,μ) [Russell(14)], or Riemann-Cesàro summability (,λ,p,α) [Rangachari(12)], or generalized Cesàro summability (C,λ,k) [Meir (9); Borwein and Russell (l)]. The question of necessary and sufficient conditions to be satisfied by an arbitrary method B in order that B ⊇ (R,λ,k) has received an answer only for limited values of λ and k—for example, by Lorentz [(6), Theorem 10] for k = 1; the restrictions on λ in this case were removed by Maddox [(8), Theorem 1]. Thus (apart from the well-known case k = 0) the case k = 1 is the only one for which a complete solution exists, though application of a theorem of Russell [(13), Theorem 1A] yields one form of a result for 0 < k ≤ 1. Maddox's results, however, suggest an alternative form capable of generalization to all k ≥ 0, and in this paper we obtain a complete solution for 0 < k ≤ 1 in that form, without restriction on λ. We first recall the following definitions.


Research was undertaken to assess the level of fraud and precautions against fraud in Internet auctions. A trial run was also carried out of placing items for auction with eBay and then bidding for them. It is concluded that Internet auctions are severely disadvantaged in comparison to traditional auctions because of their inability to check the quality or provenance of items on offer. The attempts of Internet auction houses to prevent potential fraud have loopholes and can therefore be manipulated of the unscrupulous.The current checks Internet auction houses impose are therefore not enough to eradicate this growing problem. Recommendations are made to a number of di ierent stakeholders,such as the government and the auction industry.


A stable, synchronized colony of whitefly (Bemisia tabaci MEAM1 Gennadius) was established in a single ~30 cu.ft. reach‐in incubator and supported on cabbage host plants which were grown in a 2 × 2′ mesh cage without the need for a greenhouse or dedicated growth rooms. The colony maintenance, including cage cleaning and rotation of plants, was reduced to less than 10 h per week and executed by minimally experienced researchers. In our hands, this method was approximately 10‐fold less expensive in personnel and materials than current typical implementations. A predator‐prey model of whitefly colony maintenance that included whitefly proliferation and host plant health was developed to better understand and avoid colony collapse. This quantitative model can be applied to inform decisions such as inoculum planning and is a mathematical framework to assess insect control strategies. Extensive measurements of colony input and output (such as image analysis of leaf area and whitefly population size) were performed to define basic 'feedback control' parameters to gain reproducibility of this inherently unstable scaled‐down whitefly colony. Quantitative transfer of ~100 whiteflies repeatedly produced more than 5000 adult whiteflies over a 6‐week, two‐generation period. Larger scale experimentation could be easily accommodated by transferring adult whiteflies from the maintenance colony with a low flow vacuum capture device. This approach to colony maintenance would be useful to programs that lack extensive plant growth room or greenhouse access and require a "clean" implementation that will not contaminate an axenic tissue culture laboratory.


Establishing a basic understanding and ability to utilize nursing research in practice. Research materials to get you started with your projects.


a, Lisbon 1980, p. 279. On Belatedness. The Shaping of Portuguese Art History in Modern Times 57 tion was coined to concur with North American "abstract expressionism," and to claim to be its predecessor. By promoting abstractionism in Portugal, França finally aligned Portugal with European civilisation. In other words, the regular diagnosis of belatedness regarding a peripheral European country is aligned with the master narrative that hierarchizes continents and countries in power relations which are both the producers and the products of the master narrative. This sedimented idea prevailed after the Carnation Revolution of 1974, in fact, José-Augusto França produces a vast amount of work after the revolution and in the meantime he became the director of the most important art magazine, published by Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, Colóquio Artes (1971–1996). It is also after the revolution that his art history became institutionalized, with the creation of the Art History Department at Universidade Nova de Lisboa in 1974. In general, art history books written by younger art historians dedicated to nineteenth and twentieth centuries (and even before), divided, as França did, the chronology into decades, artists in generations80, which succeed one another in linear progression and always with a fatal and unavoidable belatedness, except for celebrated punctual cases of success.81 Although some new work emerged, França's methodology nevertheless remained a vital reference to art historians, and his chronologies, historical concepts and extensive inventories of facts were never entirely questioned and were used as sources for later art historical writing. As Paulo Varela Gomes wrote in 2009: "... forty years after 1967 we have evolved little in matters of knowledge and problematization of the themes to which J.-A. França dedicated his first volume on nineteenth-century art in Portugal. Everything written since then is nothing more than the substitution of some pieces of França's puzzle and the invention of one or two new pieces."82 Nevertheless, other forms of writing about Portuguese art history have been tested, such as Paulo Varela Gomes' work, who tried not to use catego80 For the concept of generation in França's A Arte em Portugal no Século XX (1911– 1961) see A. R. Salgueiro,"A Arte em Portugal no século XX (1911–1961)." José-Augusto França e a perspectiva Sociológica, Lisbon 2012, p. 62, 63 e 82 e ss. 81 See R. M. Gonçalves, História da Arte em Portugal, vol. 13: Pioneiros da Modernidade, Lisbon 1988; B.P. de Almeida, Pintura Portuguesa do Século XX, Porto 1994 (this book had an extended version published in 2017: Arte Portuguesa no Século XX, Porto); P. Pereira (ed.), História da Arte Portuguesa, vol. 3, Lisbon 1995; D. Rodrigues (ed.), Arte Portuguesa. Da Pré-História ao Século XX, vol. 18: O modernismo I (J. Pinharanda) and vol. 19: O modernismo II (B. P. de Almeida), Vila Nova de Gaia 2009. 82 P. V. Gomes, Arte Portuguesa, ed. D. Rodrigues, vol. 14: Expressões do Neo-Clássico, Vila Nova de Gaia 2009, pp. 18–19. Mariana Pinto dos santos 58 ries and concepts from the master narrative which he found inadequate to Portuguese subjects, or Foteini Vlachou who paid meticulous attention to the social, economic and political conditions for art production in Portugal in the eighteenthand nineteenth centuries, for instance noticing that the investment in decorative arts and crafts was much more significant than in academy education, therefore understanding the institutional and political reasons for not investing in better artistic education in painting or sculpture.83 This was a situation, I might add, that caused several avant-garde and modernist artists from the early twentieth-century to be self-taught. There are also several academic works, articles and theses that contribute to another kind of art history-making, but dominant art history is still Eurocentric. CIVILISATION AND BARBARISM It is significant to find Francastel writing about the superiority of the European (white) race: "I am led to believe that the nonstop progression of the white man – and of him alone – over thousands of years explains his de facto ascendancy over the planet, a privilege he has obtained by virtue not of racial predestination but of historical and societal gains. Only Western societies have proved adaptable ... Man's entire history teaches that the only great societies are those in which adaptation occurs not by empirical accommodation to exterior conditions, but by well-thought-out domination of materials. The greatness of the European race resides in its once again having assumed power, in the past two centuries, ... over all collective values, of which art is undoubtedly one means of expressing ..."84 Francastel justifies his Eurocentric view by arguing that Europe is the home of outstanding technical and artistic capacities that made the continent more adaptable, therefore associating those capacities with the ability to construct a superior civilisation, or, to use evolutionist terms, a civilisation that wins its place by shadowing the others. As Samir Amin wrote, Eurocentrism is based on prejudice and on the idea of Europe as a superior universal model, believed to be imposed by the "force of circumstances" and natural evolution. That is based on the attribution of "more or less permanent characteristics to 83 Gomes, Expressões do Neo-Clássico; F. Vlachou, The Disappointed Writer. Selected Essays, Lisboa 2019. 84 Francastel, Art and Technology..., pp. 134–135. In a rather harsh introduction to the MIT Press edition of Francastel's Art and Technology, Yve-Alain Bois writes: "the seriousness of Francastel's book is badly tarnished by his inveterate chauvinism," p. 9; adding that he says, "in short, that Europe invented it all," p. 10. On Belatedness. The Shaping of Portuguese Art History in Modern Times 59 a people or group of peoples," which are "drawn from totalizing conclusions from single details," considering them valid to "justify their condition and evolution."85 This has been the common ground for the modern construction of European identity – especially after the Enlightenment – and for constructing identities inside Europe, electing models which other countries can get close to or fail to emulate, being "less European" than others. This construction is ideological and has sustained economic and political power, in which art and culture have played its part. Art history has contributed to this Eurocentric ideology: as is well known, it was born as a scientific discipline from a Eurocentric position that mythified Antiquity (Greece) as the birth of culture. Jacob Burckhardt's The Civilisation of the Renaissance in Italy (1860), with its thorough examination of every aspect of culture, embedding art in its cultural, political, economic and religious context, helped to establish the equivalence between art and civilisation, considering them mutually interdependent.86 The ultimate example of civilisation, and therefore of art, was Renaissance Italy. For Francastel and his student José-Augusto França, it would be modern France (or, more accurately, Paris). In short, the historiography of art takes European superiority for granted from the Renaissance on. In his famous book Provincializing Europe. Post-colonial thought and historical difference, Dipesh Chakrabarty mentioned how the imperial narrative, produced either by and under colonial rule, either by Indian nationalists had "the tendency to read Indian history in terms of a lack, an absence, or an incompleteness that translates into 'inadequacy'" and how that narrative was the "cornerstone of imperial ideology."87 That means that the Indians, as subjects of history, always had a subaltern position and were always (self-)seen as belated regarding (European) civilisation. To be modern was, as Chakrabarty puts it, to be European, a fictionalized Europe for sure, a mirage that nevertheless maintained the power relations between countries, and that determined the pattern to look up to, but that could never really be reached.88 Indian his85 S. Amin, "The construction of eurocentric culture," in: Eurocentrism. Modernity, Religion, and Democracy. A Critique of Eurocentrism and Culturalism, New York 2009 [1988] (ebook edition). 86 Understanding art as always interdependent with social, political, economic, religious or cultural facts was a critical and innovative approach that led to cultural history. 87 D. Chakrabarty, "Historicism as a transition narrative," in: idem, Provincializing Europe. Postcolonial thought and historical difference, Princeton University Press, 2008 [2000] (ebook edition). 88 Edward Said's Orientalism was, of course, a pivotal work that analysed how knowledge production about Orient in the West was both a reflection and an instrument for mainMariana Pinto dos santos 60 tory became a variant of the European master narrative, and Europe was thus sovereign in that narrative.89 When Francastel writes about Western superiority, he is expressing the imperialist way of thinking that had been an important factor in consolidating the discipline of art history. França's art history, purporting to be a master narrative and part of the Western master narrative, adopted a subaltern position which, when exceeded, could be celebrated, for it meant that marginal Europe was catching up with the centre, with civilised Europe. França's belatedness also plays a part in identifying the old necessary to the process of writing modern(ist) history. He needs something old to contrast with novelty (and progress), newness being measured according to the Parisian model. It is also an intellectual task that includes him in the national tradition of the self-critique promoted by the estrangeirados (and that makes him look at the past historians in accordance with his own historiographical stance) and the way he thought to be contributing to the overcoming of belatedness by acknowle


We classify circle actions with the Rokhlin property on separable, nuclear, unital C � -algebras that absorb the Cuntz algebra O2 tensorially. The invariant we use is the induced action on the primitive ideal space. In partic- ular, any two such actions on O2 are conjugate. The range of the invariant is discussed and computed for a class of O2-absorbing C � -algebras. Addi- tionally, we show that circle actions with the Rokhlin property on separable O2-absorbing unital C � -algebras are generic, in a suitable sense. A crucial result in our work, which is of independent interest, is as follows: ifis a circle action with the Rokhlin property on a unital, separable C � - algebra A that absorbs the UHF-algebra Mn∞ tensorially, then the restriction ofto Zn has the Rokhlin property. If A moreover absorbs O2, then a circle action has the Rokhlin property if and only if all of its restrictions to finite subgroups have the Rokhlin property. We give several examples to show that our results cannot be extended to all unital Kirchberg algebras in the UCT class.


For registration of rheogram was used the rheograph "Reo-spectrum" of "Neurosoft" firm (Ivanovo) with automatic computer processing. Reovasography was done on parts of body: "hip", "shin" and "foot". It was shown that changes in blood vessels of the lower extremities of powerlifters, testifying to reaction to intensive physical activity, depend both on level of skill of sportsmen, and on a segment of the lower extremity. PECULIARITIES OF LOCAL BLOOD CIRCULATION IN SPORTSMEN POWERLIFTERS The article presents the study of features of local blood circulation in powerlifters depending on their sports qualification. To register rheogram there was used the rheograph "Reo-spectrum" of "Neurosoft" company (Ivanovo, Russia) with automatic computer processing. Reovasography was done on parts of body: "hip", "shin" and "foot". It was shown that changes in blood vessels of the lower extremities of powerlifters, indicating the reaction to intensive physical activity, depend both on skill level of sportsmen and on the segment of the lower extremities.


This work presents a design optimization procedure for Series Parallel Resonant Converters (LCC) employed in Electrostatic Precipitator (ESP) power supplies. The system parameters, such as resonant tank elements, are selected in order to reduce semiconductor losses when a typical ESP energization operation range is considered. Here, the sum of the power losses of the switches are predicted for a set of parameters by mathematical models of the LCC resonant converter, and also by loss characteristics of suitable commercially available IGBTs obtained from experimental analysis and datasheet values. The analysis comprises two different control strategies: the conventional Variable Frequency (VF) control and the Dual Control (DC). Finally, the circuit operation and design are verified with a 60kW charging capability LCC resonant converter test set-up. Both control strategies are analyzed by comparing semiconductor's losses for five commercial modules.


The formation of binary system in pharmaceutical solid state is aimed to improve the physicochemical characteristics of active compound, such as its solubility. To identify the physical change of the binary system including crystallinity or particle morphology, there are many methods can be applied. In present report, we study the physical interaction of the binary system of gliclazide and hydrophilic polymers. In this binary system, gliclazide was either dispersed or mixed with polyvinyl pirrolidone (PVP K30) or polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000). The dispersion system of gliclazide in the polymeric carriers was prepared by solvation‐evaporation method, using dichloromethane/methylene chloride as an organic solvent. The physical characterization of both dispersed and mixed of gliclazide was studied using X‐ray diffraction at interval 6‐50 °/2θ. As a comparison, the same procedure was performed for pure gliclazide. To confirm the diffractogram of this binary system, Fourier Transform Infrared (FT‐IR) spectros...


The Internet of Things is a platform that enhances the intelligence of everyday objects, everyday computation, and everyday communication. Although the Internet of Things is still in its infancy, its effects have already made incredible strides as a tool that can be applied in all associated contexts. The alignment of a related field is not necessarily paved by architecture research. Lack of knowledge in all aspects of architecture is the present obstacle. Researchers must traverse the variety of Internet of Thingscentric approaches. Internet of Things focused designs to support developer demands and better understand the applicable tool, technology, and approach. Their designs either explicitly or implicitly encourage the creation and application of powerful Internet of Things ideas to meet contemporary problems to support industry and academia.


BY. ALEXANDER PIANKOFF AMONG Egyptian myths that of the sky-goddess Nut played an important part in the formation of the cosmogony of the Nile Valley. According to this conception the sun-god Rfl was the son of the earth-god Geb and the sky-goddess Nut, who was supposed to give him birth every morning and to swallow him up every evening.1 Representations and texts which make allusion to these conceptions are to be met with throughout Egyptian history, especially in connexion with the celestial hereafter of the dead. It was believed that a man could identify himself with the sun-god,· and like him, after having disappeared in the west, the region of death, and having passed through the body of the sky-goddess, rise again in the east. Thus Nut, the goddess of the sky, became the protector of the dead, the personification of the coffin ;2 and just like the sun, who was during the night in the body of the sky-goddess Nut, the dead man in his coffin was being conceived again for a new and more glorious existence. These ideas were clearly expressed in the pictures and texts of the royal tombs of the Nineteenth and of the Twentieth Dynasties. In the tomb of Ramesses IV, as well as in the Osireion of Sethos I, the text on the figure of Nut who is about to swallow the solar disk begins with rlf, 'fim n nlr pn m r·s, "The majesty of this god enters her mouth". On the leg of Nut in the tomb of Ramesses IV is a short passage alluding to the birth of the sun-god in the morning:" .•. He opens the thighs of his mother Nut; he rises towards the sky." And lower down on the leg of the goddess we read: "He moves towards earth, rising and being born."3 The daily birth of the sun, according to these conceptions, is described in the following text: " He (Ri:j(} who comes out of the Dewat and who rests in the barque Mrndt, who sails upon the Nun until the hour of Rer (called)' The One who sees her master', who becomes Khepri, and moves towards the horizon, who enters the mouth and who comes out of the vulva, who shines forth in the opening of the door of the horizon at the hour (called)' She who causes the beauty of Rer to appear' to cause the people to live. "4 The ideas thus expressed in later times are already met with in the texts of the Pyramids; but here the moment of death, the swallowing by the sky-goddess, is seldom alluded to. This cosmogony has come down to us owing to the belief of the ancient Egyptians that the dead man (in the texts of the Pyramids the king), after being buried in the west, would reach the sky, and that, once there, his lot would be like that of the celestial bodies. Probably the most ancient belief in the second birth in the sky was that according to which the dead appeared as a star (Pyr. § 820-1): "The sky has conceived thee together with Orion, Dewat has given birth to thee and Orion, Thou risest with Orion in the eastern side of the sky, Thou geest down with Orion in the western side of the sky." 1 Maspero, 11tudes de mythologie et d'arcMologie egyptiennes, II, 218; Sethe, Urgeschichte, § 71. 2 A. Rusch, Die Entwicldung der Himmelsgottin Nut zu einer Totengottheit, Leipzig, 1922. 3 H. Brugsch, Thesaurus: Astron. und Astrol. I nschr., p. 17 4. So, too, in the Osireion; H. Frankfort, The Cenotaph of Seti I at Abydos, PI. lxxxi. ' Champollion, Not., II, 636, 684, and Sethe, Altaegyptische Vorstellungen vom Lauf der Sonne, 8-9. On


The intelligent site builder,a typical web system with the structure of Browser/Server,is an application of CMS(content man agement system) which is used as websites mainly for enterprises with small or middle scale.After the initialization,the system becomes a re al website and the user can set the properties of the system according to the business requirements of their own.Confronted with the re quirements of our website,a CMS based intelligent website builder system was designed and implemented.


As a province with large population, Shandong Province has been moving more and more actively since the 21st century, especially from rural areas to urban areas. The process of urbanization has been speeding up and entered a period of rapid development. With the rapid economic development of Shandong Province, the disposable income of residents is also increasing. The accelerated urbanization process and the increasing disposable income have had many effects. Among them, the impact of the two on fertility has important research significance. Based on the analysis of spatial sequence data of urbanization and income in Shandong Province, this paper establishes an E-VIEWS econometric model, and draws corresponding conclusions through data fitting, in order to explore the impact of urbanization and income on fertility in Shandong Province. Introduction As a populous province in China, Shandong Province has actively responded to the call of the state and strictly implemented the family planning policy since the implementation of the family planning policy in the 1980s. The population of Shandong Province has been under planned control. After the implementation of the two-child policy in 2014, the fertility rate in Shandong Province has been higher than the national average. Especially in 2016, the gap is widening. In 2013, Shandong's birth rate was only 1.86 ‰ than that of the whole country. In 2016, the gap widened to 4.94‰. In 2017, the birth rate of Shandong Province was 17.54 ‰ and that of the whole country was 12.43 ‰ with a widening gap of more than 5‰.The reasons for the high birth rate in Shandong Province are firstly the large population base in Shandong Province, which is related to the centralized release of long-term accumulated fertility desire; secondly, influenced by traditional culture, most families pursue the ideal of "Sons and daughters". Finally, Shandong county economy is developed, urban development is dominated by small and medium-sized cities, house prices are much more stable than those in northern Shangguang and Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, and the lower Upbringing cost also makes people dare to bear children. Through the investigation, the author finds that the birth rate gap in Shandong Province is relatively large. The reason is that the population base of different cities in Shandong Province is quite different. At the same time, the economic development situation of each city is also quite different. The process of urbanization is different, and the gap of per capita income level is large. These are the main reasons that lead to the difference of fertility behavior. Empirical Analysis of the Impact of Resident Income and Urbanization Rate on Fertility Variable Selection and Data Sources Based on the research on the influencing factors of fertility at home and abroad, this paper specifically analyses the influence of residents' income and urbanization rate on fertility in Shandong Province, and then determines the theme, chooses population birth rate as the explanatory variable, and the explanatory variable includes residents' income and urbanization rate. Establish E-VIEWS econometric model and draw corresponding conclusions through data fitting in order to explore the impact of urbanization and income on fertility in Shandong Province. Birth Rate. This paper chooses the birth rate of 17 cities in Shandong Province in 2017 as the explanatory variable. 126 Population birth rate = year-end new-born population / year-end total population. Figure 1. Population Birth Rate in Shandong Province in 2017(‰) ;Data from Shandong Statistical Yearbook. Urbanization Rate. This paper chooses the proportion of urban population in 17 cities of Shandong Province in 2017 as an index to measure the urbanization level of each city. The reason for choosing the level of urbanization as an independent variable is not only that the level of urbanization reflects the transformation of urban and rural population structure, but also that it reflects the transformation of production mode, lifestyle and behavior mode from tradition to modernization, as well as the progress of society and the change of people's ideas. Relevant studies show that the urbanization level is negatively correlated with the total fertility rate. The lower the urbanization level, the lower the total fertility rate. On the contrary, the lower the urbanization level, the higher the total fertility rate.Urbanization Rate = Urban Population/Total Population. Figure 2. Urbanization Rate of Shandong Province in 2017; Data from Shandong Statistical Yearbook. Per Capita Disposable Income of Residents. The per capita disposable income of urban and rural residents in 2017 is selected as a variable to measure the level of economic development in Shandong Province. The development of economic level is first reflected in the change of residents' income level. It also promotes the improvement of culture and education level, the improvement of women's employment rate and employment status, changes people's values and lifestyles, and changes people's reproductive concepts and behavior. Per capita disposable income of urban and rural residents = per capita disposable income of urban residents*proportion of urban population + per capita net income of rural residents * proportion of rural population.


The combination of the short penetration length in water and the delivery through flexible quartz fibers made the radiation of the Holmium laser very promising for minimal invasive surgery. Furthermore the available power density of 106 W/cm2 overcomes the threshold for ablation, which opens the way for cutting and removal of bone and cartilage, which is important for surgery especially in ENT. In contradiction, recently warning had been brought up that particularly in cartilage the damage zone can exceed the ablation zone by orders of magnitude and one should be restrictive using the Holmium laser for joint surgery. We found that the effect of Holmium laser radiation on tissue cannot be described by a pure absorption and ablation process. Experimental data showed that in the case of bone scattering has to be considered, and in the case of cartilage a remarkable heating of the remaining tissue occurred. This amount of heating could be reduced significantly by a new designed fiber mount, which cooled the tissue.


Incidence peaks in melanoma and biopsy confirmed benign skin lesions - an effect of media campaigns? : [Letter to the editor]


The utility model provides a manure-seeding same hole seeder which solves the problem that seeds and manure can not enter into the same hole. The manure-seeding same hole seeder comprises a rack, a seeding wheel, a seeding plate, a seed bin, a manure bin and a planetary gear differential machine, and is characterized in that the seed bin and the manure bin are positioned above the seeding wheel in juxtaposition mode. Along with turning of the seeding wheel, the seed bin and the manure bin are separated by a storage bin clapboard. The seeds and the manure are respectively from two sides of a diameter plate of the seeding wheel into simultaneously a duckbilled opening, and are seeded into a hole pit. The manure-seeding same hole seeder furthest reduces manure amount.


An attempt is made to define a large data set by a set of rules. The ideas of a preprocessor for looking for outliers in the data are discussed. Questions about data post-processors are asked. In addition, questions are asked about the analysis of large data sets. Data structures are discussed with the NURE and USGWS projects as examples.


Abstract Late-emerging summer annual weeds are difficult to control in dry bean production fields. Dry bean is a poor competitor with weeds, due to its slow rate of growth and delayed canopy formation. Palmer amaranth is particularly difficult to control due to season-long emergence and resistance to acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides. Dry bean growers rely on PPI and preemergence residual herbicides for the foundation of their weed control programs; however, postemergence herbicides are often needed for season-long weed control. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate effect of planting date and herbicide program on late-season weed control in dry bean in western Nebraska. Field experiments were conducted in 2017 and 2018 near Scottsbluff, NE. The experiment was arranged in a split-plot design, with planting date and herbicide program as main-plot and subplot factors, respectively. Delayed planting was represented by a delay of 15 d after standard planting time. The treatments EPTC + ethalfluralin, EPTC + ethalfluralin followed by (fb) imazamox + bentazon, and pendimethalin + dimethenamid-P fb imazamox + bentazon, resulted in the lowest Palmer amaranth density at 3 wk after treatment and the highest dry bean yield. The imazamox + bentazon treatment provided poor Palmer amaranth control and did not consistently result in Palmer amaranth density and biomass reduction compared with the nontreated control. In 2018, the delayed planting treatment had reduced Palmer amaranth biomass with the pendimethalin + dimethenamid-P treatment, as compared with standard planting. Delaying planting did not reduce dry bean yield and had limited benefit in improving weed control in dry bean. Nomenclature: Bentazon; dimethenamid-P; EPTC; ethalfluralin; imazamox; pendimethalin; Palmer amaranth; Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson; dry bean; Phaseolus vulgaris L.


In 1972, the DB ordered 25 Bo'Bo' dual-system electrical locomotives for universal service in passenger and mine freight traffic towards France and Luxembourg. The wide variety of work to be done by these locomotives required a high tractive effort in the lower range of speeds, and a top speed of 160 km/h. The best driving technique for this purpose at present is the use of undulating current traction motors with thyristor rectifiers and a fast, stepless electronic control. The article describes the main characteristics and reports on experience acquired after more than a year in service, as well as on the test and trial runs.


With the excitement surrounding the emergence of LED lighting and displays it is becoming increasingly important to be able to measure the performance of LEDs and LED-based systems in accurate and meaningful ways. This is even more important as LEDs are increasingly an alternative to more traditional technologies. The intended purpose of the measurement to inform development, to characterize or evaluate finished products, for production quality control, or for in-use performance assessment determines the photometric and colorimetric quantities that are important to measure. This, plus constraints on measurement time, accuracy, and cost, determine options for measurement methods. We survey a number of measurement methods that generate either near-field or far-field models of the LED or luminaire and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses to guide us in selecting the right measurement method for the application. Of particular interest is not only the measurement of individual LEDs, but also the measurement of LED arrays, luminaires and displays. Introduction LEDs are an amazing technology LED-based lighting and display systems are becoming increasingly popular due to their low cost, flexibility, and efficiency. Measuring the light and color output of LEDs and LED-based systems is therefore becoming more important as their performance is compared to and evaluated against traditional technologies. In addition, inherent performance variations from device to device must be understood and controlled. In measuring LED and LED-based systems, the selection of the measurement method and system will be a function of measurement objectives and, most likely, will be adapted to the specific nature of the LEDs. Measurement objectives span informing or assessing a LED or LED-based system design, characterizing a light source, evaluating the source for acceptance testing or quality control, or modifying and controlling performance. Standards and recommendations on the measurement of LEDs are important guides for what measurement quantities are significant and how they might be measured. Especially when characterizing LEDs for use in lighting systems. For incoming or outgoing quality inspection, a set of indicator quantities will most likely suffice, simplifying the measurements needed. In all cases, it is important that the measurement relate to human perception of light and color. When compared to other light sources, LEDs have several interesting characteristics. First, placement of the LED die in the package can significantly affect the direction Choosing a Measurement System for LED Sources, Luminaires and Displays WHITE PAPER In measuring LED and LED-based systems, the selection of the measurement method and system will be a function of measurement objectives and, most likely, will be adapted to the specific nature of the LEDs.


Feast of Souls is a slim, eminently readable book divided into six chapters that roughly follow chronological lines through different phases of early contact, conquest, and mission settlement. Galgano addresses the ecological, epidemiological, and sociopolitical impacts of conquest and mission formation, notwithstanding his principal interest in the cultural clashes of the Catholic call to conversion and the disciplines that Franciscans attempted to impose on the Indians' religious and curing practices. He culls important cultural insights from the ethnographic literature for both regions and is attentive to the cultural frameworks that friars and secular Spaniards brought to the Americas from medieval traditions and the Tridentine canons of the early Counter Reformation. The book's strengths lie in the simplicity and clarity of the narrative. He compares the importance of chiefdoms among the Timucuan and Apalachee peoples of Florida with the relative independence of individual pueblos in New Mexico. The presence of the English frontier provided a market and physical refuge for indigenous peoples who fled from the Spanish mission system, but at the same time threatened Indians and Spaniards in Florida with aggressive military invasions during the War of the Spanish Succession (Queen Anne's War) of the early eighteenth century. Conflict and rebellion came from within New Mexico, in a series of village-level rebellions that culminated in the well-known revolt of 1680, forcing the Spaniards to abandon the province for nearly two decades. Feast of Souls reduces the colonial drama to only a few themes related to the missions and focuses on two separate provinces of the vast northern frontier of New Spain. While the comparisons between Florida and New Mexico support Galgano's main points, the narrative generally ignores concurrent historical processes in the neighboring provinces of Nueva Vizcaya, Coahuila, and Nuevo León. The resulting text seems to float suspended above the complicated tapestry of Spanish dominion in the Americas and viceregal developments in New Spain. Classroom teachers would be well advised to problematize the author's contention that the Crown's only motive for sustaining these provinces was its commitment to Catholic evangelization of Indian souls. Florida belonged to the Caribbean basin, with strategic navigational routes and European rivalries for control of territories, ports, the slave trade, and plantation economies. New Mexico, although on the margins of the mining centers of Zacatecas, Durango, Chihuahua, and Sonora that fueled the New Spanish economy, was connected to that colonial economy through the camino real de tierra adentro and provided a defensive shield for both real and imagined incursions by British and French traders and military forces. In sum, Feast of Souls offers students an engaging introduction to the history of two regions that illustrate the complexity of ecological, cultural, and geopolitical borderlands in the Americas.


Present examination was performed in order to make clear inheritance of abscission layer and also easily shedding character based on the cracking abscission layer. The strength required to detach rice grain from its pedicel was measured with an unbonded strain gauge transducer and a null balancing recorder. Also, morphology of the abscission region in longitudinal sections of the pedicel was investigated. Parents used were a most easily-shedding variety of Japonica-Indica hybrid, Yushin, and a persistent veriety of Japanese paddy rice, Akibare. The former has abscission layer and parenchymatous cells presented in the abscission layer have completely collapsed at harvest time, and the latter has no abscission layer. In the F1 plants, degree of grain shedding was similar to that of Yushin and parenchymatous cells presented in the abscission layer have completely collapsed. Therefore, it is concluded that the easily-shedding character of Yushin is dominant.


Thank you for reading physical and computational aspects of convective heat transfer. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search hundreds times for their chosen readings like this physical and computational aspects of convective heat transfer, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some harmful virus inside their computer.


Anisakiasis in man is caused by the penetration of Anisakis worms into the walls of gastro-intestinal tracts. These Anisakis worms are parasitic in the muscle and viscera of sea-fish. The disease may become prevalent among people who often take these fish as raw steak or through other forms of raw dishes. For prevention against the disease, it is necessary to kill the worms or avoid eating raw fish. In this investigation, four numerical detective methods of Anisakis larvae were tested from the view point of prevention against the disease, Since it is presumed that Anisakiasis can be prevented only by the avoidance of taking raw fish that carries these parasitic worms seven kinds of sea-animals, i.e. mackerel, jack-mackerel, flatfish, squid, prawn, short-necked clams and surf-clams were used as test animals. The following test methods were applied, i.e., 1) glass pressure method, 2) preservation at fixed temperatures (autolysis including putrefactive decomposition), 3) enzymatic digestion by using some commercial preparations on the market, 4) digestion by bacterial protease secreted for 5 to 6 days at 37°C. The results investigated are summarized as follows: The worms were easily detected by the glass pressure method in the case of ordinary muscles. When the dark muscle was used, detection of the worms by this method was difficult, it being that the worms were not transparent and not reflective under sun light. For the viscera, especially the digestive tracts, the same difficulty was found by this method. Autolysis including bacterial decay was preferable for the estimation of worms from the viscera. Both enzymatic digestions by commercial preparations on the market and bacterial decomposition were not useful for worm detection in the sample meats used.


The constitution judicature is such an activity that the judge cites the constitution articles into specific cases to make judgment in the process of civil or administrative judicature activity.The constitution judicature in our country has been in a difficulty position,no matter in terms of judicial practice,regulation and system construction,or even in terms of theoretic research.The deep cause of this lies in that the jurisdiction is not independent under the traditional executive power.


ABSTRACT Recognising the importance of familiar places in the lives of individuals and its prevalence in society, this paper examines the behaviours of familiar tourists and their relationships with their familiar places. Stimulated by conceptual work by Pearce on the experience of visiting home and familiar places, published in Annals of Tourism Research in 2012 alongside personal observation of the phenomenon, and with input from early focus group work, the fieldwork was conducted in two rural and peripheral destinations of Wales in the United Kingdom across peak and shoulder periods. This paper contributes a multi-level framework of familiar tourist behaviour rooted in the evidence. In unifying the study findings, the framework of familiar tourist behaviour emphasises the consumption behaviours of familiar tourists including the longevity and dynamic nature of the relationship between familiar tourist and their familiar place, the role of familiar tourist resources, skills and competencies, and the overarching theme of belonging.

https://radar.brookes.ac.uk/radar/file/f6cd5fcc-f056-41c5-b9a1-debbeeafda0d/1/Familiar tourists and attachments - 2018 - Clarke Bowen.pdf


FASTBUS is a standardized modular bus system for data acquisition, data processing, and hardware control, designed for high energy physics applications. This paper introduces the proposed software standard routines for FASTBUS(2).


In China, the heated discussion of aesthetics which existed from 1950s to 1960s embodies limited academic freedom. On the one hand, it hardly avoids a brand of the times and adverse effects; it is valuable on the other hand. It brings the development and prosperity of aesthetics, which is beneficial for the building up of specialized academic personality and thinking. It not only forms a great 'blast wave' towards philosophy, but also has a wide impact on other social science. Furthermore, it shows a course of academy, thinking and culture: aesthetics discussion-a fad for aesthetics-cultural craze. All these unfold the aesthetics details of that discussion and its importance in other academic fields. With the dilution of political critiques in academic fields, this discussion will reveal its potential, far-reaching influence in the multi-disciplinary pattern of study.


A new approach has been proposed to realize suspended microstructures such as cantilevers, diaphragms, springs, spirals, etc. over pits of controlled depth in bulk silicon micromachining process using direct wafer bonding technology. The structures have been realized in heavily boron doped silicon and dielectric layers. The electrostatic actuation voltage of the cantilever beams have been computed as a function of physical parameters and compared with experimentally measured values. LPCVD polysilicon has been investigated with a view to obtain low stress films for use in surface micromachining technology. The effect of deposition parameters on stress in the polysilicon films has been studied. Post deposition annealing is shown to have profound effect on the stress properties of the polysilicon films. Rapid thermal annealing is found to be much more effective in reducing the stress compared to conventional furnace annealing. The advantage of direct wafer bonding technology for electrostatically actuated microstructures have been presented. The application of this technology for MEMS have been discussed.


Objective: To investigate the therapeutic effect of Haikun Shenxi with Keluoxin in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy. Methods: 252 cases with DN were randomly divided into combination therapy group,Haikun Shenxi group and Keluoxin group. On the basis of conventional therapy,combination therapy group were treated by Haikun Shenxi with Keluoxin. Haikunshenxi group were treated by Haikun Shenxi. Keluoxin group were treated by Keluoxin. The clinical effects and the change of FBG, TG,TC,LDL- C,HDL- C,BUN,Scr,mAlb and UTP were compared. Results: The treatment efficiency of combination therapy group was significantly higher than that of Haikun Shenxi group and Keluoxin group( P 0. 05); there was no evident change for FBG after treatment and it was below 7. 8mmol / L. TG,TC,LDL- C and HDL- C were quite different after treatment and there was significant difference before and after the treatment( P 0.. 05). The TG,TC and LDL- C of combination therapy group were significant lower than those of Haikun Shenxi group and Keluoxin group( P 0. 05). The BUN,Scr,mAlb and UTP of the three groups were significant lower than those before treatment( P 0. 05). The BUN,Scr,mAlb and UTP of combination therapy group was significant lower than those of Haikun Shenxi group and Keluoxin group( P 0. 05). Conclusion: Combining HaikunShenxi with Keluoxin in the treatment of patients with diabetic nephropathy is effective to delay the process of kidney damage and the decline rate of renal function. It has no adverse reaction and it has great value of clinical application.


Objective To study the effect and significance of application of ultrasonic technique in diagnosis and intervention treatment of patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome.Methods Forty eight patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome received intervention treatment were followed-up by color Doppler ultrasound.The conditions of color Doppler ultrasound of liver and spleen before and after treatment were compared.The characteristics of imaging for local thrombosis were described.These patients were divided into original dosage group and adjusted dosage group based on the application of anticoagulant agents.The characteristics of imaging of thrombosis were compared between these two groups in order to guide the treatment of anticoagulants.The inner diameter and blood velocity of hepatic vein before and after intervention therapy were compared.These indexes were statistically analyzed.Results ①The ultrasound indexes of liver and spleen had been improved after intervention therapy.②The color Doppler ultrasound demonstrated the thrombosis had been presented in 48 patients in early stage after intervention therapy.Thrombosis was found in 13 patients of original dosage group;while thrombosis was found in 4 patients of adjusted dosage group.There was significant difference in rate of occurrence of thrombosis in these two groups.The therapeutic effect of patients in adjusted dosage group was better than that of original dosage group.③The blood velocity of hepatic vein after intervention therapy was increased.The velocity of hepatic vein before therapy was 5.34±1.62 cm/s and it changed to(16.57±1.43) cm/s.There was significant difference in blood velocity of hepatic vein.There was high positive correlation between difference of blood velocity and diameter of hepatic vein before and after intervention treatment(r=0.9701).Conclusion Color Doppler ultrasound can provide many indexes of real-time hepatic artery and vein changes,including qualitative and quantitative indexes,and demonstrate whether the vessels after intervention treatment are patent or obstructed.Color Doppler ultrasound can be considered as one of significant accessory examination methods after intervention therapy.Color Doppler ultrasound has obvious advantage in assessing the therapeutic value after intervention treatment of Budd-chiari syndrome and guiding the administration of anti-coagulant drugs.Color Doppler ultrasound is a reliable technique in diagnosis and treatment of Budd Chiari syndrome.


Shallow reflection events observed on coincident Pand Swave data from within the permafrost zone possess sufficient coherency and resolution potential to compensate conventional 2or 3-D data sets for structural artifacts related to lateral travel time variability. Reflections with dominant frequencies above 100 Hz on P-wave data and 40 Hz on S-wave data from within the permafrost have a very broad range of wavelet characteristics, which change vertically and laterally across the 1 km profiles. S-wave reflections appear much more continuous across the section when contrasted with the P-wave reflections. With the exception of the Iperk/MacKenzie reflection P-wave wavelet characteristics change quite dramatically across the almost 1km long shot gathers. Coincident interpretation of the Pand S-wave reflection data can address a variety of both engineering and petroleum exploration imaging problems.


The patient, from whom the brain which I am about to describe was removed, was a man, apparently about 50 years of age, who died from chronic phthisis. He was semi-comatose when he came under observation, and had no friends; the history of his previous illness was unfortunately not obtained, and I am therefore unable to give any description of the symptoms which such a wide-spread cerebral lesion must undoubtedly have produced. The pathological features of the lesion are, however, so remarkable that I have not scrupled to devote a large amount of time and labour to working up the microscopical preparations and drawings of the case. The description is as follows:? The scalp, skull cap, and dura mater were normal. The arachnoid was markedly thickened and opaque. The veins on the


Kidneys from non‐heart‐beating donors (NHBDs) have high rates of delayed graft function (DGF). Use of calcineurin inhibitors is associated with a reduction in renal blood flow, which may delay graft recovery from ischaemic acute tubular necrosis.


Arctic ecosystems outpace the global rate of temperature increases and are exceptionally susceptible to global warming. Concerns are raising that CO2 and CH4 released from thawing permafrost upon warming may induce a positive feedback to climate change. This is based on the assumption, that microbial activity increases with warming and does not acclimate over time. However, we lack a mechanistic understanding of carbon and nutrient fluxes including their spatial control in the very heterogeneous Arctic landscape. The objective of this study therefore was to elucidate the microbial controls over soil organic matter decomposition in different horizons of the active layer and upper permafrost. We investigated different landscape units (high-centre polygons, low-centre polygons and flat polygon tundra) in two small catchments that differ in glacial history, at the Yukon coast, Northwestern Canada.

In total, 81 soil samples were subjected to short-term (eight weeks) incubation experiments at controlled temperature (4 °C and 14 °C) and moisture conditions. Heterotrophic respiration was assessed weekly, whereas physiological parameters of soil microbes and their temperature response (Q10) were determined at the end of the incubation period. Microbial growth was estimated by measuring the incorporation of 18O from labelled water into DNA and used to calculate microbial carbon use efficiencies (CUE). Microbial biomass was determined via chloroform fumigation extraction. Potential activities of extracellular enzymes involved in C, N, P and S cycling were measured using microplate fluorimetric assays.

Cumulative heterotrophic respiration of investigated soil layers followed the pattern organic layers > upper frozen permafrost > cryoturbated material > mineral layers in both catchments. Microbial respiration responded strongly in all soils to warming in all soils, but the observed response was highest for organic layers and cryoturbated material at the beginning and end of the experiment. Average Q10 values at the beginning of the experiment varied between 1.7 to 4.3 with differences between horizons but converged towards Q10 values between 2.0min to 2.9max after eight weeks of incubation. Even though microbial biomass C did not change with warming, microbial mass specific growth was enhanced in organic, cryoturbated and permafrost soils. Overall, warming resulted in a 65% reduced CUE in organic horizons.

Our results show no indication for physiological acclimatization of permafrost soil microbes when subjected to 8-weeks of experimental warming. Given that the duration of the season in which most horizons are unfrozen is rarely longer than 2 months, our results do not support an acclimation of microbial activity under natural conditions. Instead, our data supports the current view of a high potential for prolonged carbon losses from tundra soils with warming by enhanced microbial activity.

This work is part of the EU H2020 project “Nunataryuk”.


We propose BLFS (Block Link File System) supporting fast editing/writing for large-sized multimedia files. In the BLFS, when large-scale multimedia files are stored and edited, there is no data I/O but only modification of the metadata. Additionally, by sharing data blocks between multimedia files, we can save disk space. The BLFS was implemented in a Linux environment by modifying Ext3, and validated by applying the Linux multimedia file-editing tool 'Avidemux'.


This is a timely book. For the majority of the physicians, it fills a void which has resulted from the rapid recent advances in this field. The book consists of the contributions of 36 international and national authorities in the field of gynecologic endocrinology. It has a meaningful foreword by Bernard Zondek and a beautiful and fitting epilogue by Herbert de Watteville. Between this appropriate beginning and fitting ending are 29 chapters which completely cover the three important aspects of ovulation— stimulation, suppression, and detection. One is impressed with the clarity of the language, uniform style throughout the book, and the paucity of errors—a tribute to the editing of Dr. Greenblatt. Every chapter is excellent. The mechanisms of ovulation are beautifully described by Dr. Blandau. The gonadotropin secretion in the normal menstrual cycle and the hypothalamic control are particularly well presented. These three chapters in the section on stimulation are


AbstarctThe problems faced by persons with disabilities are not only in primary education to senior secondary education, but also post secondary education. Formally, access to non-discriminatory education for persons with disabilities has been guaranteed by the Law. Muhammadiyah University of Jakarta as a university in Muhammadiyah affiliation, including one of the institutions that accept students with special needs in several faculties. Special needs students in UMJ are blind students who assisted by shadow friends in the learning process. This study used a descriptive qualitative method. The study was conducted at the University of Muhammadiyah Jakarta in August-October 2017 by conducting interviews and observations. The results are that implementation of AIK at UMJ for special needs students is very important in improving their knowledge and religion. In learning process of AIK, in addition to assisted by lecturers, they are also assisted by other students as a shadow friend. Based on observations, from some educational components that are observed, several of them are not available in UMJ. There is no special quota in the acceptance of special needs students and the number of special needs students at UMJ is still a minority. In the process of identification and assessment including facilities and infrastructure, special needs students are equated with other students. The conclusion is special needs students are not assisted by special supervisors or lecturers but assisted by other students as a shadow friend. The presence of shadow friends is very helpful for the development of special needs students both in terms of AIK assessment and in social life.


The paper describes the sudden water and sand boil after the side and roof arch lining and transfixion of tunnel section of Liu river,analyzes the reasons and puts forward the attention points in design and construction of similar disastrous geological tunnel section project.


This study aims to examine the impact of regulation and other micro- and macro-economic factors on banks' productivity growth. It investigates the impact of different regulatory reforms on banks' performance of total factor productivity (TFP) and its component efficiencies, along with their association with bank-specific variables of profitability and equity, and with macro-level variables of economy and freedom. That is, through analysing the influence of regulatory and supervisory policies related to Basel accords pillars of capital and market discipline through private monitoring; restrictions on bank activities; and economic and financial freedoms on TFP growth and year-end performance in banking.,The authors examine TFP for commercial banks in response to regulatory reforms on an international scale. To estimate the TFP, the authors use a non-parametric frontier technique by calculating the Malmquist output-oriented index, following Delis et al. (2011) and Worthington (1999). The components of the Malmquist index are ratios of distance functions making its estimation a straightforward technique using activity analysis or data envelopment analysis methods. This allows controlling for efficiency changes depending on the reallocation of production frontiers signalling the technical change and the technical efficiency at once.,Results show that high capital requirements enhance productivity growth in North and Latin American banks, but not in European African or Asian banks. Supervisory powers drive bank productivity growth in all regions except Europe and Central Asia. Restrictions on real estate, insurance and securities activities impede productivity change in all income level groups but not in high-income economies. The results also show that market volatility and Z-score drive technological change and scale efficiency growth, but negatively impact pure technical efficiency.,This paper contributes to the literature by examining the relationship between the implementation of regulatory standards and the performance of the banking sector following a structural model of the banking firm and the concept of optimisation. An additional contribution of this study is that it examines economies with different levels of income based on the gross national income per capita. The study summarises bank-specific data used to synthesise the banks' productivity (inputs and outputs) and country-specific economic and regulatory compliance data over 19 years (1999-2017). The extent of this data set coverage makes it most recent and most conclusive of variables to provide a significant contribution to the literature on bank regulation and efficiency effect.


centrations of over 100 ng TEQ/m 3 , three orders of magnitude higher than in a modern waste incinerator, were measured in the flue gases of a domestic stove when combusting high chlorine coal (0.31%). The PCDD/F concentrations in the flue gases dropped below 0,5 ng TEQ/m 3 , when low chlorine coal (0.07%) was used. When low chlorine coal was impregnated with NaCl to obtain 0.38% chlorine content, the emission of the PCDD/F increased by two orders of magnitude. Pronounced non-linearity of the PCDD/F concentrations related to chlorine content in the coal was observed. The combustion of the high chlorine coal yielded PCDD/F concentrations in flue gases one order of magnitude lower in a fan cooled chimney when compared to an insulated one, thus indicating formation in the chimney. The influence of flue gas temperature on the PCDD/F emissions was less pronounced when burning low chlorine coal. The predominant pathway of the PCDD/F emissions is via flue gases, 99% of the TEQ in the case of the high chlorine coal for insulated chimney.