ABSTRACT Latecomer technology imitation and learning is an important driving force to enhance their competitiveness and total factor productivity (TFP). This paper constructs green TFP (GTFP) based on the SBM–Global–Luenberger index, using Chinese provincial panel data from 2003 to 2017. The marginal effects of foreign direct investment (FDI), outward foreign direct investment (OFDI), import and export, and intangible and total international technology spillovers (ITS) on GTFP were assessed. These effects were analysed under the influence of absorption capabilities such as research and development intensity, economic and financial, and openness. A spatial diffusion model based on three diffusion sources in China's first-tier cities, Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou, was constructed to describe the heterogeneous impacts of ITS on GTFP under the marketisation of diffusion sources. We found: (1) ITS based on exports and OFDI promote economic, imports and FDI are relatively small, independent technological innovation is the dominant source of economic growth. (2) Considering spatial diffusion, the contribution of Beijing's ITS is relatively weak, and Shanghai's contribution is stronger. Coastal areas have the largest marginal effect of ITS on GTFP, and ITS do not attenuate as geographic distances increase. (3) The market has a multiplier effect, modifying the relationship between ITS and GTFP.


Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites represent an alternative construction material without many of the performance disadvantages of traditional materials. The use of FRP as a pile material can eliminate deterioration problems of conventional piling materials in waterfront environments and aggressive soils. The driveability of traditional piling can be predicted using wave equation analysis of piles (WEAP). The input parameters used in WEAP are obtained by back-analyses of actual case histories. The properties of FRP piling differ from those of conventional piling, so conventional WEAP input parameters may not work as well for FRP composite piling. In this paper, WEAP input parameters for three composite pile types are calibrated using available driving records. The driveability of FRP composite piling is also compared with that of piling made of conventional materials such as timber, steel, and concrete.


To manage the microgrid effectively, it is important to get the power information among multiple distributed generation (DG) units. However, when the droop control method is adopted, as the corresponding DG units cannot be simply modeled as VF or PQ buses, the conventional power flow algorithm may become inapplicable. To solve this issue, a time domain iteration (TDI) based power flow algorithm is hereby proposed. Firstly, a microgrid model is prepared, containing a network model and several DG unit models. Then, the proposed TDI is executed for power flow calculation, which mimics the real-time operation of microgrids. In each iteration, the DG unit models input voltages and currents to the network model; then the network model changes its state accordingly and feeds related parameters back to those DG unit models. As the DG unit models simulate the behavior of actual DG units, the proposed algorithm is not limited to the droop control governed microgrids. Moreover, as the TDI has definite physical meaning, convergence problems can be avoided. Finally, the validity of the proposed power flow algorithm is verified through the Matlab simulation results from an 8-bus microgrid system.


Experimental observation of the trend in SEL sensitivity was made for increasing proton induced TID/DD. The test samples were the Zynq Ultrascale Plus XCZU9EG FPGAs. The cumulative TID on one sample was near 1 Mrad(Si).


The long lasting residual effect of some auxin herbicides depends on soil characteristics and may cause phytotoxicity on subsequent crops. Picloram is one of the main herbicides used in pastures, presenting a long lasting residual effect in the soil. This study aimed at determining the physiological and morphological characteristics of common bean plants grown in soil contaminated with picloram, under greenhouse conditions. A complete randomized blocks design, with treatments consisting of picloram doses (0 g ha-1, 7.5 g ha-1, 15 g ha-1, 30 g ha-1, 60 g ha-1 and 120 g ha-1 a.i.), with five replications, was used. Urochloa brizantha was sown in pots, and its height and shoot fresh and dry matter were evaluated. In the same pots, Phaseolus vulgaris was sown as a bio-indicator of picloram, and the following characteristics were measured: plant height, fresh and dry matter, phytotoxicity, leaf area, number of leaves per plant, maximum photosynthetic efficiency and relative electron transport rate. The phytoremediation process occurs in soil with picloram residues (up to 30 g ha-1) when covered by U. brizantha for 150 days. The common bean plants show a good potential as biological indicator of the presence of picloram residues in the soil.


This preliminary study suggests that a 1 h application of dithranol may be effective in the treatment of psoriasis. It is conceivable that short application periods for other topically applied agents, e. g. corticosteroids, may reduce the side‐effects in non‐affected skin, while maintaining the therapeutic benefit in diseased areas.


Rock rheology is a focus in analysing long-term stability of tunnel anchor.By uniaxial compression creep tests and long-term shear strength tests on contact surface,we obtained rock rheological parameters.These parameters together with CVISC model in FLAC3 Dwere integrated in the numerical simulation model of an engineering example.Results showed that in 100 years after the design,main cable force of tunnel anchor doubles,the anchor plug body,surrounding rock,and the contact surface between rock anchor plug body and surrounding rock has small longterm deformation,which meets the project's design safety requirements.This research could be a reference for similar engineering studies.


In order to raise the quality of cropland in Liaoning area, 1LF-2 straw burying tillage plow is designed with the function of soil ploughed and straw field returning. The article introduces its main technical parameter, construction composition and operating principle, expounds adjustment methods and specific requests of each working parts when working, provides technical supports for the extension and application of the machinery in Liaoning area.


Abstract:  OS is a variant of SCID characterized by generalized erythroderma, alopecia, eosinophilia, and elevated IgE levels. It is fatal unless treated with allogeneic HSCT, which is the only curative approach. However, treatment related complications and graft rejection are major obstacles to the success of treatment. In this report, we describe a patient with OS, complicated by prolonged cytomegalovirus infection, successfully treated by reduced intensity conditioning allogeneic HSCT from sibling donor.


The thought of Bixing is a special aesthetic psychology of Chinese people. It's meaning are initiation ,analogy and association, symbol , implicit, deep idea. From beginning to end, it has a effect on the novels, it affect the novels' structure of beginning (Xiezi, Ruhua)and artistic skills, for example,initiation, foreshadowing, narration in advance.


Everything is developing and changing all the time,including the architecture style.This paper presents a discussion on the variation of exposed wall′s representation and its relationship to variation of the architectural style.A view is clarified that the root cause of variation lies in the advance of architecture philosophy.In other words,wall′s variation represents a miniature of the modern western architectural style′s variation.


A finite element analysis was carried out to assess the seismic behavior of Mustafa Pasha mosque in Skopje and the efficiency of a CFRP-based strengthening technique. The numerical models of the as-built and retrofitted mosque were calibrated and validated against the results of an extensive experimental investigation based on shaking table tests on a large-scale physical model. Linear dynamic and nonlinear static analyses were performed to design the retrofitting intervention and to analyze the seismic behavior of the large-scale model before and after strengthening. Experimental and numerical results were compared to assess the accuracy of the models. The formation of crack patterns observed on the large-scale model in the different phases of the testing program was analysed and the responses to lateral load were compared. Finally, the numerical models were used to predict the seismic behavior and the effectiveness of the retrofitting system on the full-scale prototype.


Understanding why organisms as different as amoebas, ants, and birds cooperate remains an important question in evolutionary biology. Although ecology can influence cooperation and conflict within animal societies and has been implicated in species differences in sociality [1], the environmental predictors of sociality across broad geographic and taxonomic scales remain poorly understood [2]. In particular, the importance of temporal variation in selection pressure has been underestimated in most evolutionary studies [3, 4]. Environmental uncertainty resulting from climatic variation is likely to be an important driver of temporal variation in selection pressure and therefore is expected to impact the evolution of behavioral, morphological, and physiological traits, including cooperation [5]. Using a data set of over 95% of the world's birds, we examine the global geography and environmental, biotic, and historical biogeographic predictors of avian social behavior. We find dramatic spatial variation in social behavior for which environmental and biotic factors—namely, among-year environmental variability in precipitation—are important predictors. Although the clear global biogeographic structure in avian social behavior carries a strong signal of evolutionary history, environmental uncertainty plays an additional key role in explaining the incidence and distribution of avian cooperative breeding behavior.


This study assessed the possible harmful effects of close exposure to telephone mast base stations on the behaviour of growing Wistar rats. Animals were exposed to the vicinity of base stations, closely monitored and observed. At the end of the exposure period, behavioural studies were undertaken using the Morris water maze. Results showed conspicuous hair loss and slight pigmentation on the skin of experimental animals. Behavioural studies on Morris water maze showed that control rats performed slightly better than the experimental ones. In conclusion, close exposure of growing rats to telephone mast base stations may have damaging effects.

 Key words: Telephone mast base stations, behaviour, Morris water maze, Wistar rats.


A master and slave robot act in a teleoperation system. The master and slave angular position and velocities are sampled at integer multiples of a time step and the resulting difference errors at different sampling times are fed back both at the master and salve end after introducing appropriate feedback weights for each error sample. During the process of reading the master variables at the slave end, a teleoperation delay is introduced and like wise at the master end. In the presence of tremor and environmental noise at the master and slave ends and in addition random fluctuations in the feedback weights, we derive linearized delay stochastic differential equations for the state vector perturbation and calculate the correlations of the same in terms of the master and slave noise variances and the correlations of the master-slave error feedback weight vector. This calculation is based on approximate perturbation theory. Master-slave tracking is verified via MATLAB simulations.


The article seeks to create a space for the concept of 'self as God' in the discourse on self-psychology. It attempts to understand how the central concept of spiritual or divine self finds expression in the lives of ordinary Hindus and in their cultural practices. It is argued that Hindus seek an intimate relationship with their God and, in the process, attempt to realise divinity in self. The relationship with others, including children, teachers (Guru), nature and God is derived from this overriding idea of oneness of self and God. Some narratives of experiences of this oneness with God are given to anchor the later elaboration and analysis of this idea. Hindu rituals, the worship process, the status accorded to the Guru and to the young child (girl or boy) and even certain cases of healing and communication with family deities, as well as other deities reflect this intimacy with God. It is emphasised that the spiritual self should be seen only as one facet of self which acts in tandem with its other facets. The facet of self that assumes salience is a function of context, person's needs and life stage.


Surveillance system can detect, classify and track the moving objects. Moving object detection is first and most important part in the field of security. The performance of the system mainly depends on the object detection quality. To detects the moving objects in the video objects. Here, the survey of object detection methods viz. Temporal Frame Differencing[6], Running Gaussian Average[11] ,Approximate Median[7], Mixture of Gaussian[10] and Kernel Density Estimation[3] is presented.


Generally, peat soil has a low fertility rate. Based on the level of ripening, peat soil is composed of three categories, i.e. fibric, hemic and sapric. Biologically ripening peat soil is facilitated by cellulose degrading bacteria or cellulolytic bacteria. This research is aimed at determining the density and obtaining the cellulolytic bacteria genera on three levels of peat soil ripening. This research was carried out for three months, from April to June 2014. Soil samples were taken according to the level of ripening in the area of the Gunung Ambawang protected forest in the District of Kubu Raya. The isolation was carried out by using the Pour Plate method using the CMC ( Carboxymethylcellulose ) medium and bacteria density calculating using the TPC ( Total Plate Count ) method. Observation and characterization were made macroscopically, microscopically and through a series of biochemical tests. The result of research was obtained five bacteria genera, i.e. Neisseria , Actinobacillus,Acinetobacter,Staphylococcus and Micrococcus . Most cellulolytic bacteria genera were found in the hemic soil, whereas at least were on fibric soil. The highest rate of cellulolytic bacteria density in the research locations was found on the sapric soil, i.e. 1,845 x 10 6 CFU/g, and the lowest on fibric soil, i.e. 7,8 x 10 5 CFU/g and the density on hemic soil, i.e. 1,475 x 10 6 CFU/g.


291 Background: St Mary's Hospital, an affiliated McGill Teaching University Hospital, receives ~700 new cancer patients yearly. In 2014-17, electronic PROs were implemented through the Improving Patient Experience and Health in Outcomes Collaborative in partnership with Cancer Care Ontario, granted by Canadian Partnership against Cancer and Rossy Cancer Network, as part of a PRO Canadian Initiative to improve the Patient Experience across Canada through standardized measurement of health-related outcomes for patients. Methods: The PROs measures included the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS), additional measures for Fatigue, Anxiety, Depression, and Pain, the Social Difficulties Inventory-21 and Quality of Life. PRO-data was scored in real-time; nurses and patients received a printed summary report. Nurses were provided with an algorithm and instructions. Monthly Distress Screening Dashboard were generated with key indicators. In 2016, all patients receiving chemotherapy were assessed at each cycle of treatment. After project completion, due to nursing staff shortage, the frequency of screenings was reduced. Yearly Dashboard results were used to promote discussion with clinicians and address sustainability constraints of PROs in real-word oncology practice. Results: In 2016 1366 total screens completed ( 376 patients) and in 2018, 753 total screens (325 patients). This comparison indicates that a decrease in frequency of screenings resulted in an increase in symptom severity in all health-related outcomes. Physicians' participation was proposed as mitigation plan to increase screening frequency. We propose to present a three year retrospectively cross analyzed patient data to examine symptom change over time, frequencies of screening, impact on patients' health outcomes, overlapping sustainability constraints encountered and mitigation plans. Conclusions: Embedding the use of PRO into existing hospital structures requires constant review involving administrative, clinician and patient engagement.


Gives an overview of approaches to results presentation by web search engines. Discusses consequences for search engine evaluation and resutls presentation on portals.


The main of objective of this project is to apply breadth first search algorithm for
developing the prototype of a 3x3 automatic car park management. This system requires less space
than 2-3 times comparing with the traditional ones. To implements this algorithm using Netbeans
IDE as a tool. The results from this study are to demonstrate that the breadth first search algorithm
is to search the location of car to exit from the car park efficiency with 100% accurate and precision.
On-going research, this algorithm applies for n x n automatic car park management.


INTRODUCTION: Four million infants die annually within the first 28 days of life (Mir, 2008). This first four weeks of life is known as the neonatal period, a time frame when infants are most vulnerable to disease and infection. Ninety-nine percent of neonatal deaths occur in low to middle income countries (Mir, 2008). A systemic infection known as sepsis is the ultimate cause of death in 36% of neonates (Mullany, 2006). Due to lack of population-wide surveillance in the developing world, the proportion of cases originating from umbilical cord infection is largely unknown. Researchers at Aga Khan University Hospital concluded in their community-based study that home births place neonates at risk for umbilical infection and sepsis. Home births are not sterilely performed and the resulting risk of infection is high (Karumbi et al., 2013). Sequelae of umbilical cord infections have been identified as necrotizing fasciitis and sepsis, which is a systemic infection that is often fatal. AIM: The aim of this study is to review proximal, intermediate and distal risk factors in order to determine which omphalitis interventions show the most promise. METHODS: Community-based randomized trials in India, Nepal and Pakistan were reviewed to discern the proximal, intermediate and distal risk factors of omphalitis to determine whether a single or multi-level intervention would best address neonatal omphalitis. RESULTS: A single intervention of 4% CHX has been displayed by numerous studies to effectively reduce the incidence of omphalitis-related mortality by approximately 25%. DISCUSSION: Due to the high incidence of omphalitis among neonates, similarities in cultural practices surrounding childbirth, and existing study data, India, Pakistan and Nepal have been chosen as countries of interest. Proximally, agents of disease were identified and the etiologies of such pathogens were explored. Intermediately, delivery practices, hygiene of both caregiver and birthing attendant, the occurrence of skin-to-skin contact encountered by the newborn, cultural practices of applying unsanitary substances to the umbilical cord, and breastfeeding norms are analyzed. Distally, environment, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, health systems, and education levels are considered as determinants of this disease (Mullany, et al., 2006). ii Numerous studies conducting community-based randomized trials have determined that implementation of the topical antiseptic 4% Chlorhexidine (CHX) can result in an approximate 25% reduction in overall neonate mortality and between a 27% to 54% reduction in the incidence of omphalitis (Imdad et al., 2013). Researcher also cited the long-standing safety record, low cost, strong adhesion rate and activity …


ALTHOUGH the so-called forested area of Canada is officially estimated at 1,290,960 square miles, only 813,000 square miles is considered to be capable of producing continuous crops of timber suitable for domestic and industrial purposes. Of this latter area, about 435,000 square miles is considered economically accessible at the present time. Half of the productive forest area bears trees large enough for use as saw logs, pulpwood, or fuel wood. The other half contains young growth of various species, ages, and potentialities. According to the same statement the total stand of timber of merchantable


Two groups of catalysts,(S)-diphenylprolinol(1) and(2S)-diphenylhydroxymethyl-(4S)-phenoxy-pyrrolidine(2),(R)-2-amino-1,1-diphenyl-3-(2-naphthyl)-1-propanol(3) and(R)-1-(1′-amino-2′-naphthylethyl)-cyclopentanol(4),were prepared and used in the enantioselective reduction of six prochiral ketones with borane.The results showed that the properties of catalyst(2) were superior to(1),and those of(4) were better than(3).It is concluded that the introduction of substitutive groups in the catalyst and less flexible backbone may have the advantage of the enhancement of enantioselectivity.


Frank Jackson and Robert Pargetter (1977) propose a method for synchronizing clocks at rest at distant points of an inertial system in Euclidean space, which, they claim, (i) does not depend on Einstein's signalling method (Einstein 1923, pp. 27-29) and (ii) provides a basis for denying the conventionality of distant simultaneity. I am afraid, however, that the new method presupposes that the simultaneity of distant events relatively to the chosen inertial system has been already determined by Einstein's or some other method. Jackson and Pargetter describe their method as follows:


Summary: Clinical trials of tamsulosin demonstrate that it is an effective treatment modality for the symptoms associated with BPH, and it has practically no effect on blood pressure at a dose of 0.2 mg. This is probably due to its selective affinity for the pros tate, which may be due to the strong affinity of tamsulosin for the α1a -receptor subtype.


The aim of this work was to elucidate the impacts of parameters influencing cation‐selective exhaustive injection coupled to sweeping and micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC). A chemometric approach using cationic compounds, acidic conditions (phosphate buffer, pH 2.3) and polyacrylamide‐coated capillaries to suppress electroosmotic flow were used. It was demonstrated that the water plug was not useful because of long electrokinetic injections. If conductivity of the high conductivity buffer (HCB) and the HCB to sample conductivity ratio are sufficiently high (>1.66 S/m and >30, respectively), variations of HCB conductivity do not impact sensitivity. The length of the HCB must be long enough so that the most mobile cation remains stacked in this zone for a given injection time. SDS concentration should be as high as possible (the maximum concentration is dictated by MEKC, here 90 mM), so sensitivity is not impacted. We have shown analytes can be lost after electrokinetic injection, when the polarity of the voltage is reversed. Introducing a plug of micellar electrolyte before polarity reversal avoids these losses. Following these recommendations only injection time and sample conductivity impacted sensitivity enhancement. Sample conductivity had to be the lowest as possible and controlled in real case analyses to obtain repeatable enrichment factors.


Objective To sum up the results of laparoscopic splenectomy in children. Methods
Two patients with hereditary spherocytosis and one case with thrombocytopenic purpura underwent laparo-
scopic splenectomy between Aug. 2002 and Feb. 2003. The indication, preoperative preparation, proce-
dures and postoperative management were discussed. Results The duration of operation was 2.1 hours on
average. The estimated blood loss was from 5 to 60 ml. The counts of platlets, white blood cells and red
blood cells were returned to the normal range in all cases within 11 days after operation. The follow-up re-
sults from 2 ~ 6 months showed that all cases recovered uneventfully. Conclusions As compared with tradi-
tional procedure, laparoscopic splenectomy in children has advantages of minimal invasion, less blood loss
and faster recovery.


Purpose: This study was done to examine the correlations between personality type and job satisfaction of nurses. Methods: Subjects included three hundred twelve nurses ages from 21 to 55. The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator(MBTI) was administered to determine the personality types of the nurses(n=312). A job satisfaction survey including a demographic and career questionnaire was also used. Data were analyzed using ANOVA. Results: The mean score fur job satisfaction was 113.68 out of 205. The result showed that there was no statistically significant correlation between job satisfaction and information gathering functions, S: Sensing, N: Intuition (t=.667, p=.499), T; Thinking, F; Feeling (t=.822, p=.412). The results, however, indicated that style for gaining energy(I: Introversion, E: Extroversion)(t=2.008, p=.046) and life dealing style(J : Judgement, P : Perception)(t=2.290, p=.023) were significantly correlated with job satisfaction. The extrovert focuses on the outside and get energy through interacting with people and doing things. Judgement type is described as organized, decisive, and orderly. Conclusion: Nurses in the extrovert and judgement types were more satisfied with their Jobs than those in the introvert and perceptive type. Other results support that educational level, marital status, job characteristics, clinical experiences, motivation for nursing, and night duty were correlated with job satisfaction.


The measurement of the alpha particle activity of the short half-life descendants of radon (218Po, 214Pb and 214Bi) in a sample of the mine atmosphere, is an integral part of determining the exposure of uranium miners to airborne radioactivity. Methods employed to date commonly use the total number of counts in one or more time intervals to estimate the activity. Such methods may attempt to determine the activity of each of the short-lived descendants present (Thomas 1972, Tsivouglou et al. 1953), requiring three counting periods, or may attempt to minimise the inherent errors in estimating the total potential alpha particle energy from a single count (Rolle 1972, Kuznetz 1956). Such counting techniques inevitably discard some of the information present in the counts from the alpha particle detector. An optimal method for the determination of the activities of the important descendants of radon which utilises the times of arrival of the alpha particles from the decay of the descendants of radon, has been devised and tested. The method consists of fitting the theoretical total count function to the experimental total alpha count, by a method of least squares, using the numbers of atoms of each of the descendants of radon in the sample at the start of counting as the parameters of the best fit. The method is shown to be accurate and the statistical uncertainties of the results have been investigated for a variety of total counting times, counter efficiencies, total potential alpha energy present and equilibrium ratios between the descendants of radon. The principal advantage of the method is that it would allow, in principle, real time evaluation of the concentrations of the three important descendants of radon and the total potential alpha energy, as the counting proceeds. It is suggested that the method may be suitable for instrumentation as the calculations required are reasonably simple and achievable with modern microcomputers. This optimal method is compared with two commonly used methods for the determination of the total potential alpha energy of the descendants of radon.


is "the methodology of economic theory as this has been historically conceived." Economics is described as "the doctrine of the system of free enterprise, and originally of nothing else." The central feature of the system of free enterprise is the pricing mechanism, which allocates scarce means of production over the various uses for them, so it follows from this definition of economics that if there were no free pricing there could be no economics. Mr. Heimann goes out of his way to admit this. According to his view, there could be no specialized economic theory in the ancient world and the Middle Ages because in the economic organization of those times the pricing method of allocating resources was not followed. Nor could there be any economics as such in a future society in which, to quote Mr. Heimann, "the system of free enterprise is itself transformed and absorbed into a more centralized structure of economic society, with central and local controls in complicated combination." Obviously, this is questionable. Medieval price data and the evidence that exists regarding the frequency of measures aimed at speculation make it apparent that what we call the laws of supply and demand were not inoperative in the Middle Ages. As for the future, the assertion that economics will disappear when the present pricing mechanism no longer exists is purely a matter of definition. Aside from Mr. Heimann's prophecy concerning the nature of future society, his view here is that of Mises. Mises said, in effect, that socialism was not practicable economics, not because socialism was unable to develop a practicable method of allocating resources, but because socialist methods of allocation did not qualify to be called economic. Whatever happens to economics, economists are not likely to disappear. After 1933, some German economists chose to leave their native land rather than help to build up an authoritarian economy in Germany, but there were others who stayed behind. Doubtless many Americans who call themselves economists would fail to emigrate also in the event that the United States should become authoritarian. Neither would they commit hara-kiri nor accept jobs as brush salesmen. They would board trains for Washington, as some of them did when the process began in a mild way in the I93o's, and as more have done since the war began. Economists know a good deal of the problem of apportioning scarce means of production over their manifold uses and even an authoritarian government cannot escape this problem. So probably such a government in the future would have plenty of openings for those whom Mr. Heimann calls economists now, whatever he might choose to call them after they get on the government pay roll.


This paper questions the concept of rarity in electronic publishing. It begins by outlining traditional criteria for a book to achieve the valued status of rarity and asks whether they can be applied to electronic books. After deconstructing common assumptions about this form of publishing, it suggests several ways in which an e-book can be considered rare. The essay concludes that the value of a rare book extends beyond supply-and-demand. Above all, the essay is an appeal for more research to be conducted in this area of study.


Blazar CTA 102 experienced an intense multiwavelength activity phase from 2015 to 2018; in particular, an unprecedented outburst was observed from 2016 October to 2017 February. In this work, we extract a 7 day binned γ-ray light curve from 2008 August to 2018 March in the energy range 0.1–300 GeV and identify three main outbursts. We study in detail the short-timescale variability of these three outbursts via an exponential function with parameterized rise and decay timescales. The obtained shortest rise and decay timescales are 0.70 ± 0.05 hr and 0.79 ± 0.27 hr, respectively. Based on these variability timescales, the physical parameters of the flaring region (e.g., the minimum Doppler factor and the emission region size) are constrained. The short-timescale flares exhibit a symmetric temporal profile within the error bars, implying that the rise and decay timescales are dominated by the light-crossing timescale or by disturbances caused by dense plasma blobs passing through the standing shock front in the jet region. We also find that the best-fitting form of the γ-ray spectra during the flare period is a power law with an exponential cutoff. The derived jet parameters from the spectral behavior and the temporal characteristics of the individual flares suggest that the γ-ray emission region is located upstream of the radio core. The extreme γ-ray flare of CTA 102 is likely to have been caused by magnetic reconnection.


We update the list of GeV-TeV extragalactic γ -ray sources using the 2-year catalog from the Fermi LAT and recent results ground- based γ -ray telescopes. Breaks in the spectra between the high energy (100 MeV < E < 300 GeV) and the very high energy (E > 200 GeV) ranges, and their dependence on distance, are discussed in the context of absorption on the extragalactic background light (EBL). We calculate the size of the expected break using a model for the EBL and compare it to the data taking into account systematic uncertainties in the measurements. We develop a novel Bayeasian model to describe this dataset and use it to constrain two simple models for the EBL-induced breaks.


This article examines how people formed and negotiated relations to time in routine engagements with materials and places in medieval South India. Questions of history and memory, which have become central to our understanding of precolonial Indian social and political practices, are frequently considered in relation to courtly epigraphical and textual production or monumental building projects. Positing that experiences of time are formed in everyday acts of production, consumption and maintenance, this article problematises the term 'social memory' to propose an alternative framework for exploring temporal relations: the concept of historicity. Historicity provides a robust analytical vocabulary for discussing how historical actors inhabited their own present, how they oriented themselves towards pasts and futures, and the kinds of timescales that both framed their actions and were formed in action. Operationalising this framework, I build on an analysis of excavated ceramics from a twelfth- to thirteenth-century settlement at Maski (northern Karnataka) to foreground the diverse ways in which individuals and communities drew upon available pasts and acted with initiative within an intersubjective present world of tasks and activities.


Reproductive malfunctions after chemotherapy still are a reason of reducing fertility and need specialized intensive care. The aim of this review was to investigate the effect of melatonin on the reproductive system under threatening with chemotherapeutic drugs.


The principle of acquisition for RNSS IF signals is analyzed in this paper,which focuses on strategy of using a method that adopts sequential acquisition in Doppler frequency domain and parallel acquisition in code phase using FFT instead of serial search acquisition with more computations.And a strategy of how to define acquisition threshold dynamically is proposed.Moreover,the software implementation of the proposed method is analyzed and the validity of this acquisition is tested and verified using the raw GPS signal acquired.


Integration refers to the high-tech industries and traditional industries role in a variety of industries makes two industries or industries integrated in a new industrial phenomenon.Accelerating the process of industrialization in China has launched an information-based,making use of information technology to transform traditional industries and new industries integration of a certain industrialized compatibility.Industrial integration will promote China's dual economy transition extremely,and it will be the new trend of industrial development.


Significance Strong support for the theory of kin selection can come from predicting outcomes under circumstances of within-family conflict. Genes inherited from mothers (matrigenes) and fathers (patrigenes) usually work harmoniously in the offspring. However, kin selection theory predicts these genes may be in conflict over interactions among relatives in which they are unequally represented (half-siblings). In honey bees, patrigenes are predicted to favor daughters that lay eggs themselves rather than remaining sterile and rearing their half-sisters' offspring. We tested this prediction, using crosses of distinct genetic stocks. Workers displayed the reproductive characteristics of their paternal genomes, patrigene expression was higher in reproductive tissues, and this patrigene bias increased in reproductive workers. These results provide strong empirical support for kin selection theory. Sexual reproduction brings genes from two parents (matrigenes and patrigenes) together into one individual. These genes, despite being unrelated, should show nearly perfect cooperation because each gains equally through the production of offspring. However, an individual's matrigenes and patrigenes can have different probabilities of being present in other relatives, so kin selection could act on them differently. Such intragenomic conflict could be implemented by partial or complete silencing (imprinting) of an allele by one of the parents. Evidence supporting this theory is seen in offspring–mother interactions, with patrigenes favoring acquisition of more of the mother's resources if some of the costs fall on half-siblings who do not share the patrigene. The kinship theory of intragenomic conflict is little tested in other contexts, but it predicts that matrigene–patrigene conflict may be rife in social insects. We tested the hypothesis that honey bee worker reproduction is promoted more by patrigenes than matrigenes by comparing across nine reciprocal crosses of two distinct genetic stocks. As predicted, hybrid workers show reproductive trait characteristics of their paternal stock, (indicating enhanced activity of the patrigenes on these traits), greater patrigenic than matrigenic expression, and significantly increased patrigenic-biased expression in reproductive workers. These results support both the general prediction that matrigene–patrigene conflict occurs in social insects and the specific prediction that honey bee worker reproduction is driven more by patrigenes. The success of these predictions suggests that intragenomic conflict may occur in many contexts where matrigenes and patrigenes have different relatednesses to affected kin.


The advances in mobile devices, wireless communication, and messaging technologies have given rise to a vast range of new services, for heterogeneous user environments. These include a collaboration service that can be accessed regardless of the nature of user devices and physical capabilities of the user. In this paper, we present an overview of our research project CAROUSEL, universal accessible collaboration frameworks. We describe two collaborative frameworks; our initial approach using a special PDA adaptor and current investigation using Web Services model. Although the two systems are functionally similar, there are differences in the degree of interoperability, scalability and reusability of the infrastructure. In Web Services case, we discuss how a rich synchronous and asynchronous collaboration environment can support virtual communications while built on top of a Web service infrastructure. We also describe the approach to universal access mechanisms in our collaborative model.


In recent years, e-commerce companies such as Alibaba, JD, and Amazon have been promoting the new retail that integrates on-line E-commerce sites, off-line retail stores, and logistics. One key for the success of this new generation of retail is effective supply chain management to ensure that goods ordered on-line can be delivered from suppliers or retail stores to customers quickly and on-time at lower costs. To achieve this goal, effective inventory management across the entire supply chain of an e-commerce company is critical for it to reduce inventory costs while assuring a high service level to customers.


Infrared spectroscopy has been used to monitor the exchange of D2(g) with OH groups chemisorbed on Al2O3. It has been shown that near 300K, the rate of the exchange process is rapid in the presence of supported Rh particles on the Al2O3. A qualitative model for hydrogen 'spillover' is presented in which dissociative adsorption of dihydrogen by the metal is a key step. It is shown that CO chemisorption on the supported Rh leads to a marked reduction in the 'spillover' rate due to site blockage on the Rh. This is consistent with recent studies of behavior of the CO and H coadsorbed on Rh(111).


e15155Background: Novel immunotherapies are becoming a viable option for advanced lung cancer treatment. High-throughput gene expression profiling (GEP) has enabled better understanding of patient ...


In this paper, we investigate a new class of multivalent analytic functions defined by the generalized Srivastava–Attiya operator s, b . Several properties of functions belonging to this class are derived.


Findings to date on plant secondary compounds which possess ecdysteroid-like or anti-ecdysteroid activities in an efficient and effective bioassay based on an ecdysteroid-responsive insect cell-line are summarised. Several novel antagonists have been identified, among which the cucurbitacins are the best characterised and have been shown to compete with ecdysteroids for the ligand binding site of the insect steroid hormone receptor. Certain withanolides, limonoids and resveratrol derivatives also antagonise 20-hydroxyecdysone action. Additionally, several new phytoecdysteroids have been isolated and identified. In common with all other ecdysteroids, these possess agonistic activity in the B II bioassay. Extensive SAR studies based on the potencies of a large number of purified ecdysteroids have been performed and molecular (CoMFA) modelling used to characterise ecdysteroid binding to the ligand binding site of the receptor complex.


We conducted an experiment to explore the relation between facial temperature and mental effort. Participants had to perform mentally demanding tasks while their face was captured with an infrared camera. The temperature of the nose decreased during these tasks and increased during the successive rest periods. Other parts of the face did not change due to mental effort. The advantage of this workload measure is that it can provide objective and real-time information about mental effort of operators without attaching sensors to an operator. This measure can be used to measure the workload of operators in relatively stable environmental conditions such as air traffic controllers and operators of unmanned aerial vehicles.


Bioplastics constitute an emerging and innovative industrial segment, characterized by new synergies and collaborations among the chemical, biotechnological, agricultural, and consumer sectors. This study will encompass analyses of recent data about different types of bioplastics, whether biodegradable or not, wholly or partially from renewable sources, their producers and installed capacities, with reference to production and biopolymer processing. Innovation issues are raised when comparing the number of scientific publications and patent deposits in bioplastics over the past 10 years, connecting to the expectations of new industrial capacities for the next 5 years. A brief characterization of the scenario where these developments are taking place is made and the identification of near future trends in technological and industrial progress is attempted.


Disk failures are very common in modern storage systems due to the large number of inexpensive disks. As a result, it takes a long time to recover a failed disk due to its large capacity and limited I/O. To speed up the recovery process and maintain a high system reliability, we propose a hierarchical code architecture with erasure codes, OI-RAID, which consists of two layers of codes, outer layer code and inner layer code. Specifically, the outer layer code is deployed with disk grouping technique based on Balanced Incomplete Block Design (BIBD) or complete graph with skewed data layout to provide efficient parallel I/O of all disks for fast failure recovery, and the inner layer code is deployed within each group of disks to provide high reliability. As an example, we deploy RAID5 in both layers to achieve fault tolerance of at least three disk failures, which meets the requirement of data availability in practical systems, as well as much higher speed up ratio for disk failure recovery than existing approaches. Besides, OI-RAID also keeps the optimal data update complexity and incurs low storage overhead in practice.


Many food borne illnesses arise from home kitchens.  A survey was conducted in five districts of Tamil Nadu, India (n= 2685) from mothers (food handlers).  Equal importance was given to urban and rural mothers.  The main aim of this study was to examine the awareness, attitudes and activities of mothers in food handling practices and the problems in realistic execution of food safety. The awareness of food safety activities is commendable in urban mothers. Mothers have high awareness in food safety and food borne diseases. However, practical execution of food handling methods is very low. These caused food borne diseases.  The importance of food safety should be insisted through Primary Health Centres in the rural area. Mothers and teachers should be trained in practical application of food safety. Government machineries could be used to create awareness and provide training.  Food safety subject should be introduced from primary school level to college level. Key Words: Food safety; Food handlers; Food borne diseases; Mothers


In order to improve the problem of slow torque and speed response of permanent magnet synchronous motor, a strategy combining model predictive control and particle swarm optimization is proposed in this paper. By analyzing the error of the input parameters in the model predictive control system, the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) was introduced to improve the speed loop. When the system model is changed, the particle swarm algorithm is repeatedly iterated to obtain better PI parameters, thereby improving the given current accuracy of the model predictive control system and improving the stability of the system operation. The simulation results show that this method shortens the adjustment time, improves the running stability of the permanent magnet synchronous motor, and reduces the torque ripple problem and the steady-state error of the system.


The Written Choice Communication Strategy is an augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) technique designed to enhance the quality and efficiency of communication for people with severe aphasia. This paper presents the results of a study employing an alternating treatment design to examine the relative contributions of auditory and visual information to the Written Choice process. In three conditions (auditory only, visual only, and standard Written Choice), subjects responded to questions regarding Norman Rockwell pictures. Results revealed different accuracy patterns for each subject across the three conditions. Implications for applying AAC strategies to the treatment of severe aphasia are discussed.


The refractory materials of the special refractories like ladle shroud (LS) and submerged entry nozzle (SEN) should have adequate chemical and mechanical properties such as high temperature mechanical strength and thermalshock resistance. Currently, alumina, graphite and additives are mixed with a phenolic resin or coal tar pitch, packed into a molding frame by a jig, formed by cold isostatic pressing (CIP), dried and finally fired in a reducing atmosphere, usually under coke, at more than 1000°C. The purpose of this research is to introduce a novel technique to provide LS and SEN from alumina-graphite castable refractories by using CIP without a need to firing under reducing atmosphere. Compositions in relation to physical-mechanical properties are investigated and mixtures like 55 % alumina, 20 % refractory cement, 15 % graphite, 5% micro silica and 6-8 % water have shown to be promising and giving suitable results.


Are certain kinds of candidates more likely to do better in elections than others? Using a unique dataset on the characteristics of candidates in elections in the north Indian state of Haryana, this study finds that certain candidate characteristics are, indeed, associated with greater vote shares. In particular, candidates who previously held high-level state or national office or who had family in politics who held such positions tend to win substantially higher vote shares than those who do not. Additionally, candidates who are natives of the constituencies from which they contest, previously held local office or who had family who held local office, or have occupations in business also tend to do somewhat better than other candidates. Incumbency, gender, membership in a large caste, and occupations in agriculture and the professions are not associated with a candidate's vote share. 1 Visiting Assistant Professor of Political Science, Beloit College. Email: email@example.com. I would like to acknowledge the financial support of the John Fell OUP Research Fund and British Academy Small Grant Scheme. I gratefully thank the dedicated and excellent research assistance of Jyoti, Kashmir Dhankhar, Sankar Prasad Duria, Jyoti Mishra, and Rohit Sharma. Georgia Kernell, Michele Margolis, Irfan Nooruddin, seminar participants at Nuffield College, the Northwestern Parties Working Group, and participants at the EECURI network meeting in Bangalore provided comments on an earlier version of this paper. All errors are my own.


Experiments were performed on grooved Sn and Cu samples to study the temporal evolution of microjets. Jets were generated by the impact of gun-launched flyer plates against the back of grooved targets made from either Cu or Sn (groove depth of ∼250 μm). The Hugoniot states in the various Sn targets encompassed conditions where solid phases are maintained throughout (7 and 16 GPa) and also conditions where melting occurs upon the release of compression (25 and 34 GPa); the transition occurs near a Hugoniot pressure of 23 GPa. Cu targets at 27 and 56 GPa provide comparisons in which the jets move at similar speeds but remain solid. In all cases, the spatial distribution of mass within the microjets was measured using high-speed synchrotron radiography. The result is a time history of the jet thickness profile from which quantities like total jet mass and jet velocity can be derived. In both the solid and liquid states, we generally observe that an increase in the shock strength leads to an increase in jet mass. However, this trend breaks down for Hugoniot states near the transition from continuously solid to melted-on-release. This is evidenced by the observation that there was no difference in the rate of mass flow in Sn jets at 16 and 25 GPa, while similar pressure jumps on either side of this range caused substantial changes in the jet mass. This contrasts with the behavior of smaller polishing defects that were present on the same samples (∼1 μm deep). From these, no ejecta mass was detected below the melt boundary, but obvious microjets were generated once melting occurred. This indicates that crossing the bulk melt-on-release threshold can alternately promote or inhibit the flow of mass into microjets based on the amplitude of the initial perturbation.


interesting is the problem of the scalawags. Professor Harris shows that they came from all classes of society, and included supporters of secession as well as unionists or reluctant Confederates. Some details of state politics might have been sacrificed to provide more space for analysis of Republicanism in die poorer counties where there were few blacks and even fewer rich men. Many will welcome a book devoid of econometrics but regret the absence of maps. The only map is reproduced from a nineteenth century atlas, and cannot be read without a magnifying glass. Racial distribution, occupations, and party affiliations all cry aloud for cartographic illustration. The book has merits which may not be apparent from the preceding comments. It tells us more about the intricate politics of die period dian any odier work, and its handling of evidence inspires confidence. An account which prefers the middle ground to backing winners (or losers) may lack drama but is probably closer to real life. Encased in the 750 pages of text is much that is judicious and makes important contributions to die history of the South. It is a pity that the publisher did not keep the author on a tight rein; it would have made twice die impact if it had been half the length.


School librarians are not only managers of the school libraries, they are also educators, administrators, teaching consultants, information specialists, and information literacy teachers, etc. Unfortunately, in many countries, especially in Asia, there has always been a lack of understanding on the parts of the classroom teachers and school administration about the role of the school librarians in the public school system. Meanwhile, many novice school librarians do not have a clear understanding of the potential contributions of the school library programmes to students' overall development process and their achievement, as well as their contributions to students' overall enquiry-based learning as a whole. Furthermore, very little research is available on the attitudes and self-perceptions of the school librarians regarding their teaching role, in relation to enquiry-based learning for comparison. The study is designed to examine, explore and compare how school librarians in function between Hong Kong, Japan, Shanghai, South Korea, and Taipei, as well as how perceive their own status within the school community, by looking at their relationships with their principals and other classroom teachers.


This paper presents a new decentralized observer-based stabilization scheme for a class of nonlinear interconnected systems. A novel linear matrix inequality (LMI) condition is proposed to ensure the asymptotic stability. This improved LMI is established thanks to the use of the well-known Young inequality in a judicious manner. Beside the use of such an inequality, we introduce some additional degrees of freedom which allow to furtherly relax the LMI. Based on the aforesaid, an application of the proposed approach to the design of controllers that are both robust and resilient is presented. Numerical results are shown to demonstrate the validity of our method.


An overview about cellular hypergraphs (CHG) with parallel replacement systems is presented. The concept of CHGs has been developed as theoretical fundamentals for simulating morphogenesis of biological cellular structures: a CHG represents the topological relationships within such a structure, while the temporal dynamics are described with the productions of a parallel replacement system. The eecient implementation of the replacement systems plays an important role, because the simulation of large cellular systems is aspired. An algorithm has been developed which allows us to perform subgraph search, which is the most time consuming step during the evaluation of a replacement system, within a CHG with time complexity O(n) (where n is the size of the graph). This algorithm and all other computations on a CHG model can be supported by specialised hardware which is integrated into a standard workstation in form of a coprocessor. The theory of cellular hypergraphs with parallel replacement systems combines the advantages from several other approaches: Cellular automata 1] are an inherently massive-parallel paradigm that can be used to study eeects of self organisation in complex systems. But because of their regular and xed underlying grid, they can hardly be applied to questions from morphogenesis where cell proliferation and cell migration play a major role. General graph replacement systems 7] might be used to formulate dynamically changing structures, but this concept does not directly support the modelling of three-dimensional spatial structures , and the eeciency of the implementation lacks from the N P-completeness of the general subgraph search problem. Other approaches like Lindenmayer's map-OL-systems 2] and its three-dimensional extensions, the cellwork systems 6], are limited to plant growth. Our cellular hypergraphs (CHG) 5] are related to Voronoi diagrams 8], another versatile spatial data structure. In contrast to a Voronoi diagram, a CHG stores only the pure topological relationships between spatial elements: Let there be given a dimension D 2 I N 0 (the dimensionality of the CHG model) and a set of vertices V. Then a dimension-labelled hypergraph is a subset g D (V) , where each of its edges e d 2 g D are labelled with a speciic dimension 0 d D. Such a graph is called to be cellular if it complies with given restrictions (G0)-(G4) 5]. These restrictions have been designed such that any given nearest neighbour Voronoi diagram can be represented using a CHG with the same dimensionality. The graph is mapped into …


We target at one newly introduced security concern which is not fully addressed when moving (encrypted) data to the cloud, namely, the security of the search results from the cloud. The cloud storage provider (CSP) might be compromised or simply act maliciously for their own good, which yields incorrect search results. In this paper, we exploit hidden vector encryption to tackle this important security problem. Our construction enables CSPs to provide a proof of the search results to be verified later by the cloud storage users. In particular, this proposed scheme handles equality and range searches on encrypted data. Users can verified the correctness of the search results without decrypting for the corresponding file contents. Any tampering with the search results by CSPs will be caught, while any incorrect charge against CSPs for tampering search results can be rectified. Finally, we present extensive security and performance analysis to show the security and practicality of our scheme.


The article is intended as a brief digest of representative literature about radiation shielding with concrete. Part I contains a summary of related physical definitions and terminology, and in Part 2 a synopsis is given of the technology of concrete shields, the choice of aggregate and additives, the proportioning of mix, structural shape selection, and the methods of placing the concrete. Twenty-one different concrete mixes and three methods of placing the concrete (conventional, prepacked, puddled) are tabulated, together wlth resulting mechanical properties. (tr-auth)


In multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, transmit beamforming can be used to realize spatial division multiple access which significantly increases system throughput. The beamforming vector is generally determined by exhaustive search in a codebook in the receiver and sent back to the transmitter. In this paper, we propose some low-complexity schemes for joint design of transmit and receive beamforming. A minimum mean square error (MMSE) receive beamforming is developed which minimizes multiuser interference caused by potential difference between the optimal transmit beamforming vector and the code selected from the codebook. Based on the MMSE beamforming, we developed algorithms which notably reduce the computation complexity in codebook searching. Simulation results show that the proposed schemes can achieve even better performance than existing schemes at reduced complexity.


It is shown that the geometric constraint advocated in [R. S. Kaushal, Mod. Phys. Lett. A 15 (2000) 1391] is trivially satisfied. Therefore, such a constraint does not exist. We also point out another flaw in Kaushal's paper.


OBJECTIVE
The aim: Implementation results of sociological survey to the practice of hygienic researches at the subjective estimation of the drinking water quality and sanitary conditions of people's life.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
Materials and methods: At our study was used standardized "Questionnaire survey about quality of piped drinking water, which enters to the building (apartment)", which contained 25 questions. In the sociological survey were participated 150 respondents.

RESULTS
Results: Peasants of Dnepropetrovsk region considered that the following indicators of drinking water quality impact on their health: deterioration quality of piped drinking water, smell - 22.6%, color - 14.6 %, rust - 13.3 %, precipitate - 8.0 %, turbidity and suspended solids - 10.6 %, taste and aftertaste - 13.3 %, foam and impurities - 10.6% (p<0.05). Some of peasants (14.6 %) have unsatisfactory sanitary conditions, living on 5 - 6 persons in 1 rooms flat (p<0.05).

CONCLUSION
Conclusions: Results of sociological survey shown that among rural residents increased the demand for a consumption of pre-treated drinking water, due to the deterioration quality of tap water in the rural area. It was determined, that increased frequency of use the bottled drinking water - daily it was used by 13 rural respondents (17.3%), once a week - 21 respondents (28%), 2-3 times a week - 8 respondents (10.6%).


come with his account of 'the complex dynamic relationship that determines the nature and behaviour of a single [business] interest group in its political setting' in Bangladesh. The book under review, therefore, should be seen, together with his earlier two volumes, as constituting a trilogy of sorts. His treatment of the subject runs broadly on the same lines as in his earlier two works, but the analysis regrettably is much less rigorous, particularly in comparison with the path-breaking volume relating to India.


C rohn disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are intestinal inflammatory conditions increasingly diagnosed in childhood. Complications include local abdominal and more systemic problems; however, the link to the underlying inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is not always evident. Conversely, however, not all abdominal symptomatology in a patient with IBD is necessarily the result of the condition itself. We report on a teenage girl previously diagnosed as having UC, who presented with cyclic episodes of peritoneal symptoms initially attributed to potential microperforations from misdiagnosed CD. Laparoscopic examination and specimen confirmed diagnosis of serosal endometriosis. A teenage girl was hospitalized 3 times during a 9-month period for recurrent episodes of severe, sudden-onset abdominal pain with peritoneal signs (Table 1). Her medical history was significant for a diagnosis of IBD in summer 2007, at 14 years old. Colonoscopy had revealed pancolitis with relative rectal sparing and a normal terminal ileum. She was diagnosed as having UC based on histology and serologic markers, and responded to prednisone followed by 6-mercaptopurine. Within 5 months of diagnosis, she had her first menstruation. The patient was hospitalized when she presented 1 year later with fever, periumbilical pain, vomiting, abdominal tenderness, and guarding. (Table 1). She developed Bacteroides fragilis bacteremia, attributed to intestinal microperforation, and was managed with intravenous (IV) antibiotics. One month later, she returned with similar, although less severe, abdominal pain. She was again managed conservatively. A magnetic resonance enterography revealed a tubular, chronically inflamed sigmoid colon. Four months later, the patient was again hospitalized for vomiting, severe abdominal pain, and constipation, and responded to IV antibiotics and corticosteroids. In early 2009, colonoscopy demonstrated mild chronic colitis with normal ileum; however,


A Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) is a special neural network sequence model that is very suitable for dealing with time series tasks. In various industrial processing systems, it has achieved good performances. In this paper, a RNN model which is driven by an ideal reference model is proposed for the single-input single-output(SISO) temperature control system with time-delay. An ideal reference model is introduced to provides a more valuable teaching signal for helping RNN controller to obtain higher learning efficiency and providing suitable control input to the temperature control system. Meanwhile, Adam optimization algorithm which can get adaptive learning rates is used to update parameters and improve the control performance of the RNN. Further, a classical integral proportional derivative (I-PD) controller is designed to reduce the effects caused by the temperature setting value kick during the RNN learning period. Simulations were developed under the MATLAB environment to evaluate the proposed control system performance. In order to demonstrate the efficiency and application of the proposed RNN control method, the simulation results based on the actual temperature model are compared quantitatively.


Objective: Describing the operation of the Nursing Care Process in a Maternal Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and analyze the barriers faced by nurses to implement the Nursing Process (PE). Methods: descriptive, exploratory, qualitative approach. The scenario was a maternal ICU in Teresina, Piaui. Study participants were 10 nurses called gods with names. Results: from the interviews, two categories were developed: knowledge of the nursing process; Barriers encountered in the practice of nursing process. Conclusion: it was observed that nurses need to have in addition to their knowledge continuing education, along with continued because of their importance in the EP and that nurses are major barriers to the implementation of the EP


Linguistic taboo is a universal linguistic phenomenon in all cultures. It is of great importance in controlling human beings'actions. we should pay more attention to its potential functions in the linguistic intercourse. To account for the cultural and psychological differences between Chinese and American, the article analyses linguistic taboo from the view of culture.


Aligning of multiple micro-optical components is required for many systems composed of arrays of multiple lens elements, apertures, and filters. Methods of aligning two such wafers using mechanical features are discussed here. Alignment features include binary holes and posts, or grooves and ridges. With the circular holes or rectangular grooves etched into the two wafers, the mating pins or ridges are formed on both sides of a separate element to set both the lateral and vertical positioning. Grayscale technology allows for the printing of V-grooves and V-cones onto any substrate material over a wide range of aspect ratios. When integrated with cylindrical (fiber) or spherical (ball lens) mechanical features, this allows for accurate positioning. Some techniques allow for repositioning as well as disassembly and reassembly. The designs are kinematic or nearly kinematic. The paper discusses tolerances on mating components, and the associated precision of the overall alignment.


The distributed power architecture for the System 75 Digital Communications System offers performance that would be difficult to achieve with conventional power architectures. With distributed power, each circuit-card shelf is powered by its own off-line switcher (OLS) power units. This limits the effects of a power-unit failure and contributes to increased system reliability. An optional battery reserve system ensures uninterrupted power without an external uninterruptible power system. The result is that System 75 is a low-cost, easy-to-repair digital communications system.


Gallbladder cancer is the fifth most common malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract. Gallbladder cancer is found incidentally at the time of cholecystectomy in 0.35% of patients. Two previous isolated case reports of incidentally found gallbladder cancer in hepatectomy specimens following liver transplantation (LT) showed no adverse outcomes. We reviewed the outcome of four patients. Three patients had end‐stage liver disease secondary to primary sclerosing cholangitis and one patient had cryptogenic cirrhosis. Gallbladder cancer was removed at cholecystectomy in one patient 11 months prior to transplant. One patient had suspected gallbladder cancer prior to LT by ultrasound and CT imaging, as well as a rising CA 19‐9. The other two patients had incidentally identified gallbladder cancer. Median follow‐up was 30 months. There has been no evidence of recurrence and patient survival was 100%. Early gallbladder cancer is not a contraindication for LT, however further follow‐up is needed.


This review follows the format of previous reviews in relying on tables to present the major accomplishments of 1989. Quality assurance (QA), quality control (QC), and sampling procedures are shown in table 1. Increasing use of advanced statistical methods and computer software was characteristic of this field. Table 2 reviews sample preparation and preconcentration procedures that showed development in the application of on-line preconcentration systems and membrane filtration. The use of ion-exchange resins was wide-spread in the speciation of the elements (Table 3). Among the chromatographic techniques (Table 4), ion chromatography (IC) allowed improvements to be made in the analysis of alkaline, alkaline earth, and transition metals, gas chromatography (GC), and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) combined with derivatization. Atomic spectroscopy (Table 5), atomic absorption (AAS), inductively coupled plasma (ICP), atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), and ICP mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) showed great versatility in inventing various hyphenated methods like hydride generation-graphite furnace AAS (HG-GF-AAS) or on-line HG-ICP. Detection limits (DL) were further improved. Electrochemical methods are reviewed in Table 6. New types of ion selective electrodes (ISE) were introduced. One of the most dynamically developing fields was flow-injection (FIA) and continuous flow analysis (CFA) (Table 7). X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and neutronmore » activation analysis (NAA) techniques are included in Table 8; spectrophotometric methods are represented in Table 9. For Tables 2 through 9, the listing only includes those references where the methodology was used for more than one element or compounds are cited by element or compound.« less


Purpose of the article. The education should be a tool of reformation and power of development for these societies, who move from industrialism to post-industrialism. The goal of this article is to overcome recognition of this "classical" educational model and to search necessary components of the new educational paradigm. Methodology. The research was done by such general scientific methods as the method of analysis, of synthesis, of abstraction, consistency, and method of generalization. Scientific novelty. The study of this paradigm recognized by "school of culture's dialogue" that requires the teacher of the new type, who meets the information age's requirements of human history . Conclusions. During the process of the research was proved that formation processes determinant of "person of culture" are: new technic means of study for moving to new "computer thinking"; a new type of teacher without any specific subject. It's noted that culture logic and human logic but not subject logic should be a base for dialogue in a formation process of "person of culture."


The purpose of this study was to suggest and prove that service design is not in the dimension of a simply new design methodology, but in the design paradigm change from conventional tangible and visual view of design to the intangible service of design. Based on a variety of literature research, this study defined service design, found its characteristics, and proved its differences from conventional design approaches and thoughts. To do that, this study looked into service design theories, processes, and methodologies, defined quality factor and availability of service design, and user satisfaction, and setup hypotheses to prove them. This study conducted a questionnaire survey with service design firms, service designers, and their customers. The questionnaire data were applied to structural equation to analyze the hypotheses. According to the analysis, reliability, tangibility, assurance, and empathy of the quality factors of service design were accepted, but responsiveness of the factors was rejected. It was found that quality factors positively influenced availability and ended up positively affecting user satisfaction. The quantitative research results will made some suggestions to service design firms and designers in the paradigm change to service-centric design, and will show the importance of understanding the essence of service in terms of design methodology.


Understanding water demand and consumers' capacity for change is essential in underpinning water demand management and water efficiency programmes. This paper presents the outcomes of a qualitative study, which used discussion groups relating to water infrastructure with environmentally aware citizens in five London boroughs in the Lower Lea River Basin. The results showed a subtle interaction between users, water and technology. Users are generally unaware of their own water consumption. Individual perceptions of changes in water behaviour are constrained by habit and lack of knowledge about what changes can be made and how. Knowledge of environmental information was described as the inspiration behind making any changes. The paper concludes that access to information about water resources, infrastructure and conservation measures should be enhanced because although information sources are abundant, participants claimed they were inaccessible without considerable effort. Finally, an emphasis should also be put on helping the public form a more substantial part in environmental decisions.


This article discusses the way in which Costa Rican dictionaries have defined folklore narrative beings. These lexicographical documents have been despised by those who know about the oral tradition in popular cultures. Furthermore, those experts have argued that these elaborations are focused on superstitions and fantasies. For this reason, to overcome this situation it is proposed a lexicographical definition that respects the truthfulness that those communities claim to the traditional knowledge on the folklore beings, based on the theory of supernatural beliefs.


Rural land circulation is an important part of rural land system reform, for increasing farmers' income from property, improving land use efficiency and integrated development of urban and rural countryside of great significance. The different models of land circulation are explored in our country. This paper describes the typical rural land circulation modelsin Chongqing, Chengdu, Tianjin, Zhejiang, summarize the successful experience, and reveals the problems and the development direction, so as to provide experience for the reform of other areas. We found that land circulation model need to innovate, and should be supported by relevant laws and regulations to protect the legitimate rights and interests of farmers, and to accomplish the scientific of the operating procedures and policies supporting.


Objective To study the clinical sign of overwhelming postsplenectomy infection(OPSI).Methods It was analyzed that initial disease,clinical sign and pathogenic bacteria in 6 cases with OPSI.Results Four cases belonged to hematonosis.1 case was of hypersplenism and 1case was of injured spleen burst.All cases were overwhelming.Shock and DIC appeared in short time.Cultures of bacteria in blood in all cases were positive.3 cases were G+ cocci,2 cases were G-bacilli,and 1 cases was G-bacilli and fungi.5 cases were cured after powerful anti-infection therapy and 1 case was death.Conclusions The cases of OPSI were dangerous and easy to death,especially for the cases with hematonosis and splenectomy was treated carefully for doctors.


v Declaration vi Acknowledgements vii Chapter 1 The facial nerve Introduction 1 Anatomy and pathology of the facial nerve 1 Assessment of facial nerve function 4 Nerve degeneration 10 Classification ofnerve injury 11 Nerve repair 13 Neurotrophic factors 14 Conclusion 22 Chapter 2 Nerve entubulation Introduction 23 Type of tube 24 Entubulation 25 Properties of the tube 26 Methods 28 Chapter 3 Rat experiments Introduction 30 The anatomy of the rat facial nerve 31 Method Anaesthesia 34 Surgery 35 Chapter 4 Sheep experiments Introduction 40 Method Anaesthesia 42 Surgery 43


With the emergence of global teams, marketing managers are not only confronted with interdepartmental issues, but cultural issues as well. As yet, most literature has focused on interdepartmental integration within a single-country company, indicating that integration via interaction and collaboration improves performance success. The question is whether this framework holds in a global context between marketing, R&D, and manufacturing. A research study of 500 marketing, manufacturing, and R&D managers was undertaken to address this question and determine the influences that interaction and collaboration may have on performance across U.S., European, and Far Eastern companies. Research further compared the levels of interaction and collaboration used by different departments across these three regions. Findings suggest that a global framework may exist, which highlights collaboration and, to a lesser degree, interaction as factors in performance success. Findings also suggest that there may be certain culturally specific approaches for managing interdepartmental relationships.


The aggregation behaviors of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) nanoparticles were investigated. Time-resolved dynamic light scattering (DLS) was used to study the initial aggregation of AgNPs and TiO 2 over a range of mono (NaCl) and divalent (CaCl 2 ) electrolyte concentrations. The effects of pH, initial concentration of NPs and natural organic matters (NOM) on the aggregation of NPs were also investigated. The aggregation of both nanoparticles showed classical Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) type behavior. Divalent electrolyte was more efficient in destabilize the AgNPs and TiO 2 than monovalent electrolyte. The effect of pH on the aggregation of AgNPs was not significant. But the aggregation rate of TiO 2 was much higher with increasing pH. Higher NPs concentration leads to faster aggregation. Natural organic matter (NOM) was found to substantially hinder the aggregation of both AgNPs and TiO 2 . This study found that the aggregation behavior of AgNPs and TiO 2 are closely associated with environmental factors such as ionic strength, pH, initial concentration of NPs and NOM.


A number of graph-structured computing abstractions have been proposed to address the needs of solving complex and large-scale graph algorithms. Distributed Graphlab and its successor, PowerGraph, are two such frameworks that have demonstrated excellent performance with high scalability and fault tolerance. However, excessive communication and state sharing among nodes in these frameworks not only reduce network efficiency but may also cause a decrease in runtime performance. In this paper, we first propose a mechanism that identifies and eliminates the avoidable communication during synchronization in existing distributed graph structured computing abstractions. We have implemented our method on PowerGraph and created LightGraph to reduce communication overhead in distributed graph-parallel computation systems. Furthermore, to minimize the required intra-graph synchronizations for PageRank-like applications, LightGraph also employs an edge direction-aware graph partitioning strategy, which optimally isolates the outgoing edges from the incoming edges of a vertex when creating and distributing replicas among different machines. We have conducted extensive experiments using real-world data, and our results verified the effectiveness of LightGraph. For example, when compared with the best existing graph placement method in PowerGraph, LightGraph can not only reduce up to 27.6% of synchronizing communication overhead for intra-graph synchronizations but also cut up to 17.1% runtime for PageRank.


In The Evolution of the Soul Richard Swinburne presents an argument for mind-body dualism from the logical possibility of my continuing to exist in disembodied form, whatever is the case with me now. He supposes this to show that I am now, at least partly, an immaterial soul. We show that this argument depends on a modal confusion between "It is not logically possible both that I am only a body and that I continue to exist in a disembodied form" and "If I am only a body it is not logically possible that I continue to exist in a disembodied form."


able. Still, the general form of the book has remained much the same. But the arrival of e-readers, such as the Kindle 2 and the Sony eBook, offers the possibility of a major change.1 First, people may shift to reading existing books on those e-readers.2 Second, the shift may lead them to change the way they use books, for instance by letting people have many reference works at their fingertips.3 Third, the shift may change the content of books.4 And, fourth, the shift may change who publishes books, and sometimes which books are published.5 Home computers and laptop computers have caused all these effects, to a considerable degree, with other media. We see this, for instance, with newspapers, magazines, and new publications such as blogs that are in some ways the electronic descendants of magazines and newspapers.6 But ereaders, with their greater portability and readability, may yield similar results for books and not just shorter-text media. In this Foreword, I'll try to briefly sketch how these changes might play out as to books related to the law: textbooks, scholarly books, legal books aimed at laypeople, treatises, other practitioner reference books, and law student study tools. I'll also talk about what changes to the technology, and to the structure of the legal-book market, may be needed to capture the technology's possible benefits.7 The effects of the technological change will likely be varied. The shift from horses to cars, for instance, both allowed long-distance commuting and


Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new lower respiratory tract illness caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), originating from Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, in December 2019 [1, 2]. Despite enormous efforts to limit its propagation, the virus has spread rapidly across various countries around the world. At the end of January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. As of 8 March 2020, 105 586 infections and 3584 deaths have been recorded worldwide, the vast majority of cases being located in China [3]. While infection rates are slowing in China, numbers of new infections are still exponentially growing in many other countries, South Chorea and Italy being the most severely affected [3]. Several publications have characterized CT-morphological changes of COVID-19 in Chinese patients [4–7]. To our knowledge, however, only one publication has shown CT images of two Caucasian patients examined in Western countries so far [8]. Here we present the case with CT imaging of a Caucasian patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Berlin, Germany.


Background and objectives: Patients undergoing hemodialysis are at higher risk of developing severe complications upon SARS-CoV-2 infection and were prioritized in the Portuguese vaccination campaign. Immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines in hemodialyzed patients was not addressed by the phase 3 clinical trials leading to their emergency approval. Design, setting, participants, and measurements: We performed a prospective, longitudinal, cohort analysis of 156 hemodialyzed patients and 143 age-matched controls scheduled for BTN162b2 vaccine. Excluded from analysis were five patients previously diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2, three sero-positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 N, two dropouts and two deaths. ELISA was used to quantify anti-full-length Spike IgG, IgM and IgA levels in sera collected at day of the first vaccine dose (t0); 3 weeks later (day of the second dose, t1); and 3 weeks after the second inoculation (t2). Results: Seroconversion after the first vaccine dose (t1) was remarkably low in patients, with positivity for anti-spike IgG, IgM and IgA antibodies of 29.4%, 12% and 41%, respectively. The second vaccine dose raised seroconversion to 90.9% and 83.9% for IgG and IgA, respectively, while IgM positivity remained unchanged. At t1 the anti-Spike IgG level was significantly lower in patients with ages below 70 years when compared to age-matched controls, showing a profile similar to aged individuals (above 70 years). Immunosuppression was associated with lower antibody responses along the vaccine schedule (p=0.005 at t1; p=0.008 at t2). Noteworthy, previous unresponsiveness to hepatitis B vaccination (75/129, 58% of patients negative for anti-HBs antibodies) did not correlate with humoral unresponsiveness to BTN162b2. Other clinical and laboratory parameters had marginal correlations with response to vaccination. Conclusions: The large majority of hemodialyzed patients showed IgG seroconversion upon BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination but a sizable proportion of patients presented poor responses. These results support further investigation into the relationship between vaccination, serologic response and host protection.


The purpose of this study was to clarity the advertisement effect of sport sponsorship and the ambush marketing for advertisement attitude, product attitude, trust acquisition, and intention to purchase. Therefore, it provided the fundamental information for the sport marketers to understand the ambush marketing as well as it maximizes the strategies of the official sponsors. The subjects of this study were collected among the male and female university students who belong to universities located in Seoul. Subjects were chosen by convenience sampling method after choosing five universities located in Seoul. 789 out of the 1,000 questionnaires were analyzed with SPSS 10.0 version for this research. Frequency analysis, paired sample t-test and independent sample t-test were conducted to pursue purpose of this study. The results of the study were as follows: Firstly, for comparing advertising effect by advertisement type, respondents had better positive estimation about advertisement attitude, trust acquisition in case of sports sponsorship advertisement than ambush marketing advertisement. Secondly, for comparing advertising effect by product involvement, respondents had better estimation about advertisement attitude, produce attitude, trust acquisition, and intention to purchase in case of low involvement product than high involvement product. Also, advertisement attitude, product attitude, trust acquisition had relatively more effect on intention to purchase in low involvement products than high involvement products. Therefore, advertisement which uses sports is more effective in low involvement products than high involvement products.


This paper presents a robust speaker identification method from degraded noisy speech signals. This method is based on Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCCs) for feature extraction from the noisy speech signals and Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). A comparative analysis is carried out with the traditional MFCCs based feature extraction method from noisy speech signals with additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). The implementation mainly incorporates MFCCs which used for feature extraction and Vector Quantization using the Linde-Buzo-Gray (VQLBG) algorithm. It aims to minimize the amount of data to be handled. Results show that feature extraction from DWT of the degraded signals adds more speech features from the approximation and detail components. This helps achieving higher identification rates. Results also show that the proposed method improves the recognition rates computed at different degradation levels using different values of SNR cases.


Plasma processing diagnostics play two different roles—characterization and control. The goal of plasma characterization is to establish connections of data with external parameters and to verify models. The goal of control diagnostics is to make noninvasive in situ measurements of relevant processing parameters. Diagnostics used in semiconductor etching are considered. These include Langmuir probes, laser induced fluorescence, optical emission spectroscopy, infrared and Fourier transform infrared absorption spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, microwave interferometry, and radio frequency diagnostics. An example is given of the use of many diagnostics in characterizing SiO2 and Si etching by fluorocarbons.


The title reaction has been studied and it has been found that in the presence of oxygen a catalytic path for the oxidation of cysteine to cystine is established. The rate law is presented, and the mechanism is discussed on the basis of observed effects of the reagent concentrations on the extrapolated initial absorbance of the solution at 522 nm, and on the experimental pseudo-first-order rate of disappearance of colour. Cyanide ion has a remarkable influence on the course of the reaction.


Interior environment design means to design the indoor environment for people's living and activities, so people's mentality should be put into full consideration. Based on the theoretical research and the environment design analysis, it is emphasized that humanism should be regarded as the principle of interior design.