The WHHL rabbit has a defective low density lipoprotein receptor and is a model for familial hyper- cholesterolemia. WHHL rabbits are less fecund than NZW rab- bits, the strain into which the defect has been inbred. This lower fecundity could be related to impaired ovarian steroidogenesis due to reduced intracellular availability of cholesterol. Here we compare the WHHL and NZW rabbits with regard to oocyte morphology and fertilization rates after stimulation with equine chorionic gonadotropin. We also compare hypothalamic- pituitary-ovarian axis function by measuring baseline and gonadotropin releasing hormone-stimulated plasma estradiol, progesterone, and gonadotropin levels, both before and after simvastatin inhibition of de novo cholesterol synthesis. WHHL rabbit oocytes remained encased in cumulus and had a lowered fertilization rate (9/50 vs. 83/87, P < 0.05). WHHL rabbits had lower baseline estradiol levels (7.1 f 0.72 vs. 10.2 * 0.94, P < 0.05) and had higher baseline follicle stimulating hormone (P < 0.05) and luteinizing hormone (P < 0.05) levels. Sim- vastatin lowered luteal progesterone concentrations only in WHHL rabbits (P < 0.05). M We conclude that the hypothalamic- pituitary-ovarian axis in WHHL rabbits is abnormal. The reduced availability of intracellular cholesterol for progesterone synthesis by inhibition of de novo cholesterol biosynthesis leads to a significant reduction in plasma progesterone concentrations in the WHHL. These findings have implications for women with familial hypemholesterolemia, particularly regarding treatment with inhibitors of de novo cholesterol synthesis.-Robins, E. D., L. M. Nelson, and J. M. Hoeg. Aberrant hypothalamic- pituitary-ovarian axis in the Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbit. J. Lipid Res. 1994. 35: 52-59.


Fruiting temperature, disease resistance capacity, and nutrient composition of Agaricus brunnescens (ACCC50031) and Agaricus bisporus strain 2796 were compared. Fruiting of A. brunnescens occurred between 2~26 ℃ depending upon the time of year whereas fruiting of A. bisporus occurred within the range 12~26 ℃. Twenty-one days after artificial inoculation with the fungal pathogen, Mycogone perniciosa, 36% of the A. bisporus mushrooms were affected whereas A. brunnescens showed no evidence of the disease. Crude protein, and total and essential amino acid contents of A. brunnescens were 6.14%, 3.28% and 1.26%, respectively, which were higher than those detected in A. bisporus. After a single application of pesticides to A. brunnescens, pesticide residues were either undetectable or below the limits set by the Chinese Government.


Almost all end-uses of fabrics make use of the ability of fabrics to suffer strains that are very large compared to engineering strains. This paper is the first of a series devoted to the measurement of large strains in fabrics. This paper considers some of the problems of fabric strain measurement and describes the use of piezoelectric polyvinylidene fluoride film as the active element in an extensible strain sensor. Strain sensors based on this film are suitable for use with many industrial fabrics, for measuring strains that vary over time with periods of a few seconds or less.


The invention discloses a pole piece drying system of a pole piece coating machine, which is characterized by at least comprising a first section of drying oven, a second section of drying oven and a third section of drying oven which are sequentially arrayed along the moving direction of a pole piece, wherein the first and the second sections of drying ovens are floating roller support type drying ovens, the third section of drying oven is a suspension drying oven, the air velocity of the second section of drying oven is larger than that of the first section of drying oven, and the air velocity of the third section of drying oven is larger than that of the second section of drying oven. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects of high drying quality and high efficiency.


Support vector machines are a kind of novel machine learning methods, which have become the hotspot of machine learning because of their excellent learning performance. A alga's growth prediction model is established by using support vector regression (SVR) method. The method is illustrated through examples, the results obtained by using SVR method are compared with that from neural network method and the results show that the prediction model based on support vector regression is more accurate and simple than neural network method.


The radiological results after caliper treatment of 45 hips with Coxa Plana are presented. The material was grouped and analysed according to the degree of primary involvement of the epiphysis by the necrotic process. It was found that the risk for deformation of the femoral head became significantly higher in the groups with more extensive involvement of the epiphysis. This observation shows that the primary involvement of the epiphysis has a determining influence on the results. It further indicates that if the radiographic results from different materials of Coxa Plana are to be compared consideration must be given to the primary extent of necrosis of the epiphysis.


We obtain an explicit solution of the momentum constraint for conformally flat, maximal slicing, initial data which gives an alternative to the purely longitudinal extrinsic curvature of Bowen and York. The new solution is related, in a precise form, with the extrinsic curvature of a Kerr slice. We study these new initial data representing spinning black holes by numerically solving the Hamiltonian constraint. They have the following features: i) Contain less radiation, for all allowed values of the rotation parameter, than the corresponding single spinning Bowen-York black hole. ii) The maximum rotation parameter J/m 2 reached by this solution is higher than that of the purely longitudinal solution allowing thus to describe holes closer to a maximally rotating Kerr one. We discuss the physical interpretation of these properties and their relation with the weak cosmic censorship conjecture. Finally, we generalize the data for multiple black holes using the "puncture" and isometric formulations.


Nick Bailey's piece on Local Strategic Partnerships in England has whetted my appetite and left me wanting to know much more about the changing role of "community representation". What exactly does this term mean? Is it a complex issue for democracies, worthy of serious thought and practice (as serious as the thinking and practice recommended, say, in Durkheim's Professional Ethics and Civic Morals) or is it top-down rhetoric/ ideology? Bailey states that "England is undergoing a period of rapid change in the way it is governed and in the delivery of services". Yes, there has been a restlessness concerning who governs what and how since the mid 1970s in Britain, more noticeable since the late 1980s. Has any other country undergone the same rate of short-term, institutional change in the field now known as 'public management'? The things which have not changed in Britain, however, are the central things—namely the presidential power of the Prime Minister, the 'authority' of Parliament and the 'politicization' of 'the government machine'. The authority of Parliament is weak and getting weaker. The civil service has become less neutral in a Weberian sense of neutrality of public administration. Local government has lost its position and prominence—yet was it not the constitutional focus for community representation? Although it still has some fight in it, as Nick Bailey shows. Education and training is my field of expertise. The restlessness in the education and training field has escalated to the point of neurosis. So much so that the most likely development during the next ten years has to be the least likely of extrapolation from the last ten—namely the eventual reinvention of local government and of local education authorities. These will suddenly be presented as less 'wasteful' than a plethora of partnerships. In my field these have consisted of Training and Enterprise Councils, Local Learning and Skills Councils, Local Learning Partnerships and Strategic Journal of Civil Society Vol. 1, No. 2, 163–166, September 2005


The categorisation of documents into subject-specific categories is a useful enhancement for large document collections addressed by information retrieval systems, as a user can first browse a category tree in search of the category that best matches her interests, and then issue a query for more specific documents "from within the category". This approach combines two modalities in information seeking that are most popular in Web-based search engines, i.e. category-based site browsing (as exemplified by e.g. YAHOO) and keyword-based document querying (as exemplified by e.g. ALTAVISTA). Appropriate query expansion tools need to be provided, though, in order to allow the user to incrementally refine her query through further retrieval passes, thus allowing the system to produce a series of subsequent document rankings that hopefully converge to the user''s expected ranking. In this work we propose that automatically generated, category-specific "associative" thesauri be used for such purpose. We discuss a method for their generation, and discuss how the thesaurus specific to a given category may usefully be endowed with "gateways" to the thesauri specific to its parent and children categories. TEL:: +39.050.593407 EMAIL:: firstname.lastname@example.com


The present invention discloses a cheap raw material was convenient, simple and low cost method of producing poly fish protection devices, the prior art overcomes the artificial reef fish and the like polyethylene protective device fabrication process is complicated and high cost problems. The poly A shallow sea fish protection device, comprising a base frame consisting of a plurality of closed loop, at least any one of a ring with another collar each collar, the collar is provided with at least one of the non- reef points beverage bottles made from the bottom, is provided with a plurality of through holes penetrating the fish reef points on the sidewall of the reef points, provided on said adhesion layer of calcium carbonate reef points, provided with at least a hole on the reef a collar bore, the collar of the hole through the casing ring reef points are connected to itself. The present invention is applicable to the case of poly fish protection applies, has drawn convenient manufacturing method is simple, low cost, can provide a lot of seaweed spores regularly advantages.


The dynamic response of the ocean to a tropical cyclone in the vertical direction can be simplified into two processes theoretically: pumping and mixing. Based on the mechanism of these two responses, an index is defined to represent the relative strength between mixing and pumping (referred as RMP hereinafter). The larger RMP is, the stronger the mixing compared to the pumping is. In this paper, we took the variable-controlling approach to change the rotational speed and the immersion depth of the dynamic rotary plate, respectively. Then the vertical density profile before and after tropical cyclone was depicted to calculate index RMP. The trend of RMP after tropical cyclone shows that the attenuation of mixing is much slower than pumping at first. Besides, it turns out that RMP is negatively correlated with rotational speed (vorticity magnitude) and positively correlated with immersion depth, meaning that vorticity magnitude of tropical cyclone has a more powerful effect on pumping than mixing, while immersion depth has a more powerful effect on mixing than pumping. This experiment helps us attain a better understanding of the vertical dynamic response of the ocean to tropical cyclones. And the introduction of the index RMP helps provide a new idea for the quantitative research on the relative strength between mixing and pimping in the future.


A major limitation of thermosetting epoxy based polymeric materials in long-term structural applications is mechanical creep. Here it is demonstrated that single-walled carbon nanotube additives in low weight fractions (0.1–0.25%) are effective in limiting the load-induced re-orientation of epoxy chains, resulting in a significant slowing of the creep response. Nanotube additives could therefore be the key enabler for the long-term higher-temperature application of polymeric structures which would otherwise fail by excessive creep deformation.


This paper deal with concrete behavior under chemical and mechanical degradation. Experimental investigations were described where the effects of the calcium leaching process of concrete on its mechanical properties were highlight. The compressive strength and the stress-strain relationship of leached concrete with different leaching degradations were investigated experimental. As leaching grew, a loss of stiffness and of strength were observed and an obviously decrease of peak strain was noted. Then the micromechanical damage constitutive model of the leached concrete was proposed. The proposed model was applied to simulate typical laboratory tests. And it was shown that the proposed model was able to describe the main features of mechanical behavior of concrete in sound and leaching degraded states. And the parameters in the proposed model can be got by testing the pH value of pore solution, which it is easier to measure from the existing concrete.


Mycoplasma genitalium(Mg)is a common cause of nongonococcal urethritis and cervicitis.Macrolide antibiotics,especially azithromycin,have been used as the first-line therapy for patients with Mg infection.Macrolide-resistant Mg strains have been isolated from some patients with Mg-associated and treatment-resistant non-gonococcal urethritis.It has been revealed that macrolide resistance is mainly associated with mutations in the domainⅤ?of 23S rRNA and in ribosomal protein genes L4 and L22.

Key words:
Mycoplasma genitalium; Drug resistance; Macrolides


In the increasing competition it has become important in business world to understand the different aspects of production and purchasing to understand the need for desired material in the organization. The managers have an important responsibility of selecting a good supplier by evaluating them on different parameters which is directly or indirectly associated with their overall performance. For decision making based on multiple criteria evaluation many methods of Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) is used by firms. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is prominently used by firms nowadays. In this paper, analysis of DEA is done by measuring supplier performance of two firms: multi-national telecommunication corporation and a manufacturing firm. The firm uses the methodology according to their requirement and criteria for evaluating their suppliers and find best among them.


>An electron beam with 100 kc oscillations, related to the high- frequency noise generated by an electron gun, was observed at 10/sup -6/ to 10/ sup -5/ mm Hg pressure in magnetic fields and in electron injection magnetic traps. Depression of noise at the entrance of the gun reduced the oscillation amplitudes. An external high-frequency signal may replace the noise. Oscillations of 100 kc can also be excited by a 28 to 29 Mc signal. Plasma, produced by the beam in a gas-filled chamber, plays an important part in the excitation. It is postulated that the oscillations are excited by irregular interactions of fields related to the noise in the plasma-beam system. (tr-auth)


Both zinc and calcium are essential nutrients. Low intake of zinc and of calcium may increase the incidence of colorectal cancers (1-3). Both zinc and calcium regulate a large number of intracellular enzyme activities, including the activities of adenylate cyclase (4) and of phospholipases (5), and act as second messengers (6,7). These activities are involved in the cascade of reactions in the regulation of gene transcription and cell growth. Thus, adequate intake of zinc and of calcium is important for health and the prevention of disease. Because calmodulin (CaM) is activated by calcium (8) but is inhibited by zinc (9) and because CaM and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) phosphodiesterase are activated in sequence (10), it is possible that CaM and cAMP levels in colon tumor cells change in relation to the dietary intake of zinc and of calcium, and these changes may be either protective against disease or carcinogenic. We undertook the present study (a) to determine the relationships between the metabolism of zinc, calcium, cAMP, and CaM in colon tumor cells and (b) to establish a relationship between these metabolic changes and those of zinc nutriture-altered normal colon cells. Surgically removed human colon carcinomas and adjacent normal colon tissues from the same patients were obtained from the Departments of Surgery of the Sepulveda DVA Medical Center and of the Kaiser Permanente Medical Group, Los Angeles. They were immediately transported on dry ice to the Departments of Pathology of both medical centers and stored at -70 °C in our laboratory until used for the biochemical analysis. Colon tumor cells from rats were prepared by a modified method described by Reddy and Maeura (/ /) . The colon tumor cells were induced by subcutaneous injection of azoxymethane (15 mg/kg body weight) into male F344 rats once weekly for 2 weeks, and the tumor cells were harvested 30 weeks after carcinogen injection. The procedures for the preparation of the human and rat cells were in accord with the guidelines of the Human and Animal Study Committees of the Sepulveda DVA Medical Center. Frozen tumor and normal cells from human subjects and from rats were homogenized three times for 2-second intervals with a tapered Teflon plunger with a glass tube, transferred into a 5-mL-capacity polypropylene test tube, and centrifuged in an IEC Model PR-6 Centrifuge (International Equipment Co., Needham Heights, Mass.) at 3000g for 15 minutes. The supernatant was analyzed for zinc, calcium, cAMP, and CaM. The concentrations of zinc and calcium were determined with an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (Perkin-Elmer Corp., Norwalk, Conn.), and the concentrations of cAMP and CaM were determined by use of radioimmunoassay kits (DuPont Co., Wilmington, Del.). Table 1 shows that, although the zinc concentrations in the rat tumor cells were significantly higher than those in the adjacent normal colon cells (f<.01), the zinc concentrations in the human tumor cells tended to be lower than those in the adjacent normal cells. It is possible that zinc concentrations in human colon tumor cells were lower than in normal cells because patients were put on zincdepleted, clear fluids for a few days prior to surgery. Under these conditions, metabolism of zinc would be greater in tumor cells than in normal cells because zinc is required for tumor propagation. This hypothesis was supported by the facts that (a) the ratios between the concentrations of zinc and calcium in both human subjects and rats were significantly higher in colon carcinoma cells than in adjacent normal cells (/<.001 and P<.Q\, respectively) and (b) the ratios between zinc and calcium concentrations in normal colon cells isolated from rats fed a zinc-excess diet were also significantly higher than those in normal colon cells from rats fed either a zinc-adequate or a zinc-deficient diet (P<.01). Furthermore, Table 2 shows that the ratios of cAMP to CaM concentrations in colon tumor cells of both human subjects and rats were significantly higher than those in adjacent normal colon cells (/<.001). Thus, the metabolism of zinc and of calcium was closely related to that of CaM and of cAMP in both the human subjects and the rats. These ratios were also similar to those found in rats fed a zinc-excess diet compared with those fed a zinc-adequate or a zinc-deficient diet. Therefore, we believe that it is highly likely that human colon tumor cells have excess concentrations of zinc. Although there are several biochemical similarities between colon cells from rats fed a zinc-excess diet and colon tumor cells from both human subjects and rats (Tables I and 2), the impact of these biochemical similarities on the pathophysiology of colon cancer is largely unknown. Since cAMP, CaM, and prostaglandin E2 regulate each other's activities (12-14) and since zinc and calcium influence prostaglandin metabolism (15,16), dietary effects of calcium and zinc on colon cancer induction may be mediated via mechanisms regulating prostaglandin synthesis. Prostaglandins induce colorectal cancer (76), and partial inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis by aspirin or indomethacin is associated with a reduced risk of human and animal colon cancers (17-20). Since pros-


This study is purposed to analyze the motions of pique out side double turn in comparison and figure out the differences in the amount of movements. To do that, executed the measurements on 3 experts with more than 6 years career of jazz dance instructor and 3 unskilled dancers using 2 of high speed camera and processed the data using Simi Motion 7.2. The research is conduced through the 'Independene-Samples t-test' according to 'SPSS Statistics Package(12.0 version)'. As the result we obtained conclusions as follows. 1) As for the movement of bodily center along left-right axis (X-axis), the movements of the experts were less than the unskilled indicating that they executed more stable turning motions. 2) As for the movement of bodily center along up-down axis (Y-axis), in event 2, the experts had the bodily center higher the unskilled and kept the bodily center highest in the turning motion but there were no differences in other events than the event 2. 3) As for the movement of bodily center along front-back axis (Z-axis), the movements of the experts were less than the unskilled indicating that they executed more stable and accurate turning motions. Based on the conclusions of this study, it is considered to be desirable that, for efficient turning, the bodily center should be low at the stage of preparation to turn and then should be maintained high from the beginning of the turn and the shoulder and arms should be parallel to the ground. Also enhancement of turning speed and strengthening of the ability to react instantly and the sense of balance are considered to be important factors. To grasp exact variations in motions, it is necessary to grasp the action of power and the movement of the center of pressure etc using ground bounding power guage.


Sex workers experience stigma and marginalisation across global contexts. With claims of sex work being among the oldest professions in the world [1], there is a long history of stigma directed towards sex workers [2–4]. Stigma contributes to the precarious nature of sex work, producing social, legal, and work environments that increase exposure to violence while reducing access to legal support and health care [5–7]. The convergence of stigma and violence targeting sex workers contributes to disparities when it comes to their mental and sexual health. Client violence and stigma have been associated with depression among sex workers [8]. A systematic review examining HIV vulnerabilities among transgender (trans) sex workers noted that the convergence of violence and stigma against sex workers compromises sexual health [5]. Sex work is criminalised in many countries across the world [9, 10]. The criminalisation of sex work presents profound barriers to sex workers when it comes to accessing healthcare services and legal support [7]. Due to a lack of legal protections,


Electronic device scaling with the advancement of technology nodes
maintains the performance of the logic circuits with area benefit. Metal oxide semiconductor
(MOS) devices are the fundamental blocks for building logic circuits. Area minimization with
higher efficiency of the circuits motivates the researchers of very large-scale integration (VLSI)
design. Moreover, the reliability of digital circuits is one of the biggest challenges in VLSI technology. A major issue in reliability is negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) degradation.
NBTI affects the efficiency and reliability of electronic devices.

This paper presents a review of NBTI physical-based mechanisms. NBTI's impact on
VLSI circuits and techniques has been studied to mitigate and compensate for the effect of
NBTI.

This review paper presents an idea to relate the NBTI and leakage mitigation techniques.
This study gives an overview of the efficiency, complexity, and overhead of NBTI mitigation
techniques and methodologies.

This survey provides a brief idea about NBTI degradation by using reliability simulation. Moreover, the extensive aging effect is discussed in the paper.


This article draws on some ideas explored during and after a writing workshop to develop classroom resources for the reSolve: Mathematics by Inquiry (www.resolve.edu.au) project. The project is well into its development phase, is funded by the Australian Government Department of Education and Training and conducted by the Australian Academy of Science in collaboration with the Australian Association of Mathematics Teachers. The project develops classroom and professional learning resources that will promote a spirit of inquiry in school mathematics from Foundation to year ten.


This document describes release 2.0 of the SimpleScalar tool set, a suite of free, publicly available simulation tools that offer both detailed and high-performance simulation of modern microprocessors. The new release offers more tools and capabilities, precompiled binaries, cleaner interfaces, better documentation, easier installation, improved portability, and higher performance. This paper contains a complete description of the tool set, including retrieval and installation instructions, a description of how to use the tools, a description of the target SimpleScalar architecture, and many details about the internals of the tools and how to customize them. With this guide, the tool set can be brought up and generating results in under an hour (on supported platforms).


In a recent proposal of the half-filled Landau level, the composite fermions are taken to be Dirac particles and particle-hole symmetric. Cooper pairing of these composite fermions in different angular momentum channels, $\ensuremath{\ell}$, can give rise to different kinds of Pfaffian states. In addition to the well-known Moore-Read Pfaffian and anti-Pfaffian states, a new putative particle-hole symmetric Pfaffian state, corresponding to the $s$-wave pairing channel, was also proposed. However, the possible underlying pairing mechanism is not clear at all. In this work we provide a specific pairing mechanism for realizing some of these Pfaffian states. We show that there can be nonzero pairing in angular momentum channels $|\ensuremath{\ell}|\ensuremath{\ge}1$ depending on the magnitude of a coupling constant. There is a quantum phase transition from the Dirac composite Fermi-liquid state to Cooper pairing states in angular momentum channels $|\ensuremath{\ell}|\ensuremath{\ge}1$ as the coupling constant is tuned across its critical point value. Surprisingly the particle-hole symmetric $\ensuremath{\ell}=0$ channel pairing turns out to be impossible irrespective of the size of the coupling constant.


Abstract.  A new lycophyte species, Selaginella longistrobilina P. S. Wang, X. Y. Wang & Li Bing Zhang (Selaginellaceae), is described and illustrated from limestone hills in central Guizhou, China. Selaginella longistrobilina is most similar to S. prostrata H. S. Kung in the shape of the microphylls and in the arrangement, shape, and size of the sporophylls. However, the new species has longer strobili to 2.5 cm, and the sporophylls are often navicular adaxially, while S. prostrata has strobili only 3–4 mm, and the sporophylls are flattened adaxially. Selaginella longistrobilina is only known from central Guizhou, while S. prostrata is more widely distributed from Hunan, Sichuan to Yunnan in China. A new combination, S. prostrata (H. S. Kung) Li Bing Zhang, based on Lycopodioides prostrata H. S. Kung, is made and lectotypified herein.


The purpose of this study is to analyze the housing-satisfaction determinants by surveying of metro and suburban areas of small...


Interest in adaptive traffic signals in the USA is increasing and the use of adaptive signals is strongly supported by FHWA. There are several systems (notably SCOOT and SCATS) that are widely used throughout the world and several new adaptive products have recently been released. This paper compares and contrasts the systems that have been successfully installed in the USA and discusses their advantages and disadvantages. The discussion includes several case studies in which the authors investigated the options available to agencies, discusses the reasons why different systems were selected for installation, and presents the results of detailed evaluations of the effectiveness of each installed system. The paper also describes the evaluation techniques that were used to provide statistically reliable evaluation results, overcoming the shortcomings that are often found in traffic engineering surveys. These include survey design based on statistical principles and the use of new technology to increase sample size and reduce the resources needed for detailed data analysis. INTRODUCTION Adaptive traffic signal systems have been operating successfully in many countries since the early 1970's. The two most widely deployed systems are SCATS (Sydney Coordinated Adaptive Traffic System) and SCOOT (Split Cycle and Offset Optimization Technique) being. (See, for example: Schroeder, 1989; Hadi, 2002; Fehon, 2004.) Since 1990, FHWA has recognized the benefits to be achieved by the implementation of adaptive control over the traditional time-of-day (TOD) selection of fixed cycle length timing patterns, and has sponsored several programs aimed at developing adaptive signal systems, such as RT-TRACS in the 1990's and ACS-Lite during the 2000's. (See, for example: Ghaman, et al., 2002; Ghaman, et al., 2004; and FHWA, 2010) In recent years, several new systems have come onto the market in the USA, and these are generating significant interest. There are still substantial barriers to the widespread introduction of adaptive control. With over 272,000 traffic signals in USA (NTOC, 2007), less than 1% are operating adaptively. In contrast, while there appear to be no published statistics, the authors estimate that possibly 50% of the signals in Australia operate adaptively, and the majority of coordination in the larger cities is adaptive. ADAPTIVE SYSTEMS IMPLEMENTED IN USA Overview Stevanovic (2010) undertook a very detailed survey of all known adaptive traffic signal system operators in North America during 2008-9 as part of an NCHRP project entitled "Adaptive Traffic Signals State of the Art, Foreign and Domestic" (Stevanovic, 2010). He also surveyed a sample of adaptive system operators in UK, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, Chile, Ireland and China. Responses were received from 45 agencies, 34 of


Love, S. L. 1987 &dquo;Women's Roles in Certain Second Testament Passages: A Macrosociological View,&dquo; Biblical Theology Bulletin 17:50-59. NTA 31-967. Mayer, G. 1987 Die iiidische Frau in der hellenistich-romischen Antike. Stuttgart, Germany: Kohlhammer. NTA 31, p. 391. Meeks, W. A. 1974 &dquo;The Myth of the Androgyne: Some Uses of a Symbol in Earliest Christianity,&dquo; History of Religions 13: 165-208. NTA 18-946.


The development process,models,species,production organizations,domestic and international market,authorization bodies and government support of organic agriculture in Thailand were reviewed in the paper.The lessons and success in Thailand may be helpful for the development of organic agriculture in China.


Background and Aims: Reactive plasmacytosis (RP) is characterised by the diffuse distribution of mature polyclonal plasma cells in the bone marrow (BM) and it is known to occur in various disorders. These need to be differentiated from the clonal plasma cell dyscrasias (PCD). We aim to study the morphological features of RP and to help differentiate them better from PCD. Materials and Methods: We analysed 1409 consecutive BM aspirates for the percentage of plasma cells along with the associated clinical findings. The study group included cases with BM RP and the polyclonality being supported by serum protein electrophoresis or by kappa/lambda immunohistochemistry on BM biopsy. The clinical records, haemogram and BM aspiration findings were retrieved and reviewed in all cases. Morphological features of RP cases were analysed in detail. Further, these cases were compared with 10 confirmed cases of PCD in an attempt to distinguish between the two on morphology. Results: A total of 210 BM aspirates showed increased plasma cells (>3.5%). Clonality could be proven in 135 cases, of which 98 cases were polyclonal and 37 were PCD. Majority of RP cases were >40 years with male predominance. The plasma cell concentration in RP ranged from 4% to 25%. The associated diseases included infections followed by autoimmune diseases. On the morphology, RP unveiled scattered, non-aggregated mature plasma cells while in PCDs, there was a mixture of both immature and mature forms including plasmablasts with frequent clustering. Conclusion: A number of diseases show increased percentage of plasma cells in BM raising suspicion of PCD. It may be difficult to distinguish reactive from neoplastic conditions as there is an overlap both in cell counts and morphology. Assessment of subtle morphological features along with associated clinical and laboratory findings are cardinal for making a correct diagnosis.


Removal of selenium compound, especially hexavalent selenate ion, is one of the most difficult water treatment techniques and an effective method has not yet been established. In this research we propose a novel selenium removal process called Recycled Green rust/Ferrite Process, composed of an addition of Fe source, an alkaline conditioning of a concentrated slurry, an anaerobic chemical reaction stage, and a return of the settled slurry after solid-liquid separation. A mixed Fe2+-Fe3+ hydroxide compound, green rust (GR), reduces selenate to elemental selenium, while GR is consequently oxidized to magnetite Fe3O4. Therefore the black-colored magnetic slurry containing GR and magnetite contributes to the removal of selenate. Repeated batch-mode selenium removal tests showed that the residual selenium concentration gradually decreased with the number of batch test increased. Addition of ferrous sulfate or ferrous chloride (resulting Fe2+ concentration 600 mg/L) was eligible for Fe source for GR formation. Stable selenium removal was achieved when the number of batch test exceed 15 times. Optimum selenium removal ratio reached 99.95% where initial Se concentration 2.1mg/L decreased to 0.001mg/L. In contrast, little Se removal occurred when the combination of ferrous sulfate and elemental iron powder (each Fe2+ and Fe0 concentration was 300 mg/L) was used. During the reaction, oxidation-reduction potential leveled off -700mV vs Ag/AgCl and no dissolved oxygen was detected, indicating a strong reducing condition suitable for the reduction of selenate. Ninety percent of selenium disappeared as soon as the GR formed, and then selenate removal rate followed a first-order kinetics depending on the slurry concentration. These experimental results indicated that the proposed process served an advanced treatment technique for selenate-contaminated water.


Globally, around a third of the adult population suffers from a mental disorder such as depression, anxiety, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic mental illness which adversely impacts on the lives of the affected individuals and their family members. BD has a strong influence on the family functioning. The burden of care and responsibility makes it challenging for family members to focus on their lives and future. The aim of the study was to develop and describe a conceptual framework to facilitate the empowerment of family members who care for individuals living with BD. A qualitative research design, which is exploratory, descriptive and contextual in nature, was used in this study to explore and describe family members' mental health when caring for individuals living with BD. The researcher developed and described a conceptual framework based on the research findings of phenomenological interviews with a purposefully selected sample of family members who care for individuals living with BD. The results show that family members were disempowered when caring for individuals living with BD. The central concept of the conceptual framework was identified based on the results as the facilitation of empowerment of family members who care for individuals living with BD. The researcher recommends that the conceptual framework to facilitate the empowerment of family members who care for individuals living with BD be implemented at the mental health clinics. It is also recommended that the conceptual framework be incorporated into the curriculum of psychiatric nursing.


This paper compares the successful experience and practices of whole process investment control in construction projects at home and abroad.It puts forward that we should break the bottleneck in the perspectives of investment control understanding,investment control institute establishment and investment control license setting,to implement whole process investment control in construction projects in our country.


The majority of patients presenting with excessive hair growth have either idiopathic hirsutism or features of polycystic ovary syndrome. A thorough medical history and examination should be done to exclude any serious underlying pathology. Initial treatment includes various cosmetic measures, eg, bleaching, shaving, waxing. It generally takes 6-12 months of drug treatment for improvements in hirsutism to be noticed. First line drug therapy includes cyproterone acetate or spironolactone alone or in combination with an oral contraceptive pill. (author abstract)


The paper of Chauhan et al. presents a tool developed by the leading Author through a series of papers. This particular manuscript, unlike its predecessors, focuses on presenting the toolbox for already existing methods. I am sorry to post this review late, i guess this qualifies me as being a bad referee, but it took me quite a while to absorb everything, plus i struggled with trying to run the toolbox. On the plus side i got two reviews already posted and, thus, can rely on them to put in my vision here. I believe that topic of the paper development of a free software to process XCT tomography images of porous media, is a very relevant topic. We do not have a solution, and those available as commercial solutions are expensive and not doing their job even closely. Scientific quality of paper is good, it is in general robust except for some particular parts


In the measurement of damping material's dynamic mechanical performance(DMP) using flexural resonating cantilever beam method,the specimen's adhesive characteristic influences the test precision and accuracy. Taking its effect into account,the improved measurement equations based on the resonance method are presented. The simulated results show that,for the sake of weakening the adhesive's influence on the measured results,the adhesive should be spreaded as thin as possible when specimen is prepared,the adhesive's density and loss factor should be selected as small as possible also,and its Young's modulus should be selected according to the damping material being measured;the same adhesion condition effects differently on the test results of different damping materials,i.e. the error due to the adhesive is more inconspicuous if the damping layer has bigger thickness,modulus,loss factor and a certain density according to the damping material being measured. These conclusions provide theoretical basis for selecting adhesive,improving adhesion technology,and designing specimen.


In this paper, we present numerical simulations, based on the beam propagation method (BPM), of a Gaussian beam deflected by a thin-film electro-optic (EO) deflector. The results are compared to geometric optics calculations and experimental data. From the BPM simulation, it is clear that one should choose a larger number of interfaces for prism-like EO deflectors in order to obtain a predictable deflection angle and good beam quality.<<ETX>>


The response characteristics have been studied of the curves relating heat conductance and sweat rate to change in rectal temperature at different levels of skin temperature, and vice versa. The in...


Abstract Pocket electronic calculators are nowadays readily available, and provide an intermediate level of computing capacity which is useful for many scientific calculations. The basic problem in their use is the re-writing of calculations in a form which exploits the operating characteristics of the particular calculator being employed. Even a simple four-function calculator without memory can be used quite effectively. The automatic squaring operation provided on many such machines makes it possible to compute quickly the basic trigonometric and other functions which are often needed in scientific work, with an accuracy superior to that of traditional five-figure tables. The extraction of square and cube roots, even if not provided automatically, is quickly performed by using iterative methods. Iterative methods are also useful in solving polynomial and differential equations of the kind which appear in physics, and work particularly well with programmable calculators.


One of the most important characteristics of new EU member states consists in the fact that the importance of agriculture and rural areas is much higher than in the EU15 states. This is especially true with reference to Romania where even among the new member states the economic and social importance of agriculture is especially prominent. As in most of the new member states a dual agricultural structure has formed in Romania as well. This situation raises several questions to be answered: what are the reasons and how these processes evolve following the EU accession? That is: can small farms survive, will the heirs want to continue farming? In order to achieve our research goals we have used several data sources and different study methods. Beyond literature, official documents and case studies we used interviews conducted with local specialists, as well as statements and grant application materials made available to us locally. With reference to questionnairing we applied the gradual (multistage) random selection. In conformity with the problem to be examined and the nature of farms we did not consider farms, but households as accounting or questioning units. As a result of our research we may assume that present land structure will not undergo fundamental change in the upcoming years. We may assert this both on the basis of the conducted interviews and founded on the fuzzy model drawn up on the database of our questionnairing. Thus it seems that the agricultural structure of Szeklerland is quite "crisis resistant.‖ This is partially due to social determinants, partially to economic incentives and constraints (increasing food prices, lack of jobs, low income, etc.).


DETECTION AND GENETIC ANALYSIS OF IMPORTED MALARIA IN EGYPT ABSTRACT Background: Microscopy consider the gold standard test for diagnosis of malaria although application of it is limited to use to highly experienced microscopists. Serological tests and nPCR is providing efficient diagnostic tests and applied for malaria diagnosis and research. The work aim: The work aim is detection and genetic analysis of imported malaria in Egypt. Patients and method:This study is a cross section one.750 patients' blood samples were collected from different laboratories in Egypt from persons travel to African endemic areas coming to Egypt within previous 8 weeks; in the period from August 2017 to August 2018. All samples were examined microscopically, immunologically by(RDT) and 21positive cases examined by nPCR as a confirmatory test and for detection of parasite genotype. Results:Plasmodium species were identified microscopically in27(3.6%) out of750 individuals, 13of them were diagnosed as Pl.falciparum,7 were Pl.vivax, one was Pl.ovale and6 were mixed infection with Pl.falciparum and Pl.vivax. nPCR for species identification were performed for 21cases positive by first step PCR. 12cases were Pl.falciparum; 5cases were Pl.vivax and 4were mixed Pl.falciparum and Pl.vivax infections. The result of nPCR was exactly identical to the microscopic result. Conclusion:the major two species of malaria imported to Egypt were P.vivax and P.falciparum. Detection of species of malaria microscopically stills the gold standard test.Using nested PCR tests for diagnosis of malaria and its species is highly accurate, sensitive and specific, and able to detect species of malaria.


GENERAL CONCLUSIONS AND SUMMARY.

No actual qualitative differences in structure have been observed between normal and reverted plants of Ribes nigrum; those that have been observed being rather quantitative, i.e. differences in degree only, e.g. amount of gum present, and variations in the amount of wood and medullary ray tissue.

Briefly the main differences showing to a greater or lesser extent practically all through the plant are a reduction in the amount of wood, and a consequent increase of medullary ray tissue, coupled with a tendency to produce more gum in the revert plant than in the normal.

On the whole, it is very difficult to correlate the morphological evidences of the disease with any of the anatomical differences observed, as the latter seem quite inadequate to account for the comparatively large morphological effect.

The general reduction in the amount of wood present, does not seem sufficient to account for the generally smaller and more unhealthy appearance of the revert bush; nor in the petiole even combined with a certain amount of blocking by gum, can it be held to account entirely for the typical reverted leaf. with fewer veins and reduced leaf surface. In the case of the fruit, although the vascular system is reduced, there seems no reason why some of the ovules at, least should not develop. It is probable that there is some physiological factor at work causing hypertrophy and abortion.

My thanks are. due t o Mr A. H. Lees, who has supplied me with all material and given much valuable help and advice. I also thank 31r F. Summers and Professor O.V. Darbishire for their advice and interest in the work.


Objective To comfort patients, alleviate nurses and the family member's labor, and accommodate the relationship of doctors and patients. Methods To refit a common controlled sickbed by hands to a sickbed which can rise and fall automatically by electric power. Results According to the straightly driven screw, patients can control comfortable a pose by keyboard. Conclusion It is easy to refit. The cost is low while the effect is desirable.


ABSTRACT Recent studies have discussed the influence of the global financial cycle on capital flows to emerging and developing countries. This paper evaluates the relationship between the greater degree of financial integration, and macroeconomic performance over the last two decades in Brazil. The literature has highlighted the Brazilian experience as being paradigmatic among emerging countries regarding the relationship between financial integration and regulation of capital flows to deal with boom and bust cycles. Methodologically, we employ a vector autoregressive model with error correction that allows us to evaluate the cointegration between the variables. Our main hypothesis is that a greater degree of financial integration is associated with negative developments in variables such as gross domestic product, country risk, interest rates, and exchange rate volatility. In addition, this study presents a further contribution by observing the existence of the interaction between the consequences of financial integration and the global financial cycle. More specifically, we found that: (i) an increase in the degree of financial integration generates deeper effects in downward periods of the global financial cycle; and (ii) a decline in that cycle generates greater impacts when a higher degree of financial integration is present.


Chicago that's where the action was for the 763 nurses, 726 physicians, 500 exhibitors, and 83 others who attended the American Industrial Health Conference at the Palmer House, April 13-16. The 1970 AIHC, which encompassed the 28th Annual Meeting of AAIN and the Industrial Medical Association's 55th Annual Meeting, presented exceptional learning opportunities for the 2,398 registrants. AAIN's program theme, "Tomorrow's Needs Today," was not just a clever phrase, but a meaningful expression of the goal toward which one must strive for fulfillment of the ed uca tional needs of occupational health nursing. Although the concept of preparing for tomorrow is by no means an innovation, it is perhaps more relevant to the health field than ever before. This was exemplified throughout the program as the tangential factors of our rapidly-changing world were presented by noted health practitioners and educators.


A technique is described for the entrapment of glucose oxidase in a polypyrrole matrix electrochemically deposited on a printed platinum electrode. The enzyme activity incorporated into the polymer was quantified by spectrophotometric assay using a flow-through cell and found to be proportional to the activity in the electropolymerisation medium. Polymer-entrapped glucose oxidase electrodes can be operated as amperometric glucose sensors in the presence or absence of soluble mediators. These electrodes respond rapidly, reaching a steady state within 20–40 s, with the enzymatic response being current limiting. The potential of this new immobilisation technique to the development of biosensors is discussed.


This chapter mainly describes the related work of ambipolar field-effect transistors based on the bilayer structure. The semiconductor materials mainly focus on organic small molecules and polymers, and some bilayer structures based on organic–inorganic hybrid materials are also involved. The internal mechanism of ambipolar properties in devices is explained. The directions for development and device challenges are described and discussed.


The objective of this paper is to review the literature on pharmaceutical promotion, highlighting the areas of contention. We examine the traditional methods used to promote pharmaceutical products and ask the question, 'If the objective of promotion is to inform, persuade and remind the customer about why they should consider a particular product or brand, why is the promotion of pharmaceutical products so contentious?' We draw upon the results of an exploratory case study that examined healthcare practitioner and pharmaceutical sales representative attitudes towards pharmaceutical promotion, and conclude with some thoughts on how information-based and persuasion-based pharmaceutical promotion can coexist.


The paper presents full-scale test results and discusses the effectiveness of three different highly skewed propeller designs in reducing ship vibration. The test results cover three merchant ship designs including one obo-vessel and two Ro/Ro vessels having installed horsepower ranging from 24,000 to 37,000 shp. Limited discussion is presented on the relative effectiveness of installing a highly skewed propeller versus adding additional structural reinforcement on a vessel to reduce excessive vibration. Some economic factors considered by a shipowner contemplating a highly skewed propeller for a new ship design are presented.


This application note describes an embedded Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) client reference design that demonstrates the capacity of a network-enabled embedded system to report on its status via E-mail. It describes how to set up the Platform Studio design environment for the PowerPC™ 405, configure the 10/100 Ethernet MAC core, and create the Board Support Package (BSP) for VxWorks®. The reference design is targeted to the Xilinx ML300 Virtex-II Pro demonstration platform and was created using EDK 6.2i service pack 2. The reference design can be targeted to other development boards with minor changes.


We present Keck diffraction-limited H-band photometry of a z ∼ 1.3 Type Ia supernova (SN) candidate, first identified in a Hubble Space Telescope search for SNe in massive high-redshift galaxy clusters. The adaptive optics (AO) data were obtained with the Laser Guide Star facility during four observing runs from 2005 September to November. In the analysis of data from the observing run nearest to maximum SN brightness, the SN was found to have a magnitude H = 23.9 ± 0.14 (Vega). We present the H-band (approximately rest-frame R) light curve and provide a detailed analysis of the AO photometric uncertainties. By constraining the aperture correction with a nearby (4″ separation) star we achieve 0.14 mag photometric precision, despite the spatially varying AO point-spread function.


The purpose of this study was to analyze the properties of idea and outputs related to engineering design presented in STEAM-based research & education (STEAM R&E) projects for high school students. 400 research projects related to engineering design among 519 STEAM R&E projects were selected and analyzed the level of idea novelty and output making on engineering design of them, which had been conducted and supported by the Korea Foundation for the Advancement of Science and Creativity. The major findings are as follows: First, 74% of students devised an idea to solve the problem on doing their projects. Second, 72% of the students embodied ideas for problem solving and made them into one product. Third, 61% of students devised new ideas to solve the problems presented in the project and produced them as one product. Accordingly, The results suggested: Many students have devised new ideas for solving the problems presented in the project and made them into one product. However, there were students who were difficult to do this. So, considering them, we have to develop an educational environment that fosters creative thinking, and develop an materialized strategy that guides students how to devise new ideas and produce it as a product on the process of solving problems.


The paper presents a scheme for the color video integrity authentication based on fragile watermarking. The RGB color mode is transformed to YST color mode which useing for embedding watermarking into original video. Firstly, the T-component is selected to make DCT by 4×4 blocks. After that, according to the relationship of the quantilzed DCTcoefficients of the frames, the authentication code is created, as watermarking is embeded into the image by modifying the last non-zero DCT coefficient. The video anthentication is carried out without refering to the original video, blind detection can be achieved. The simulation results show that the scheme could keep video's quality and also can detect the tamper and attack on original video.


With the speed of electrified railway improving, the getting worse arch arc, has become one of constraining bottleneck in the development of China high-speed railway. This paper has discussed the hazards of arc to the contact wire, pantograph skateboards, communication signals, radio signals and power quality. From the aspects of arc model, arc energy, arc erosion and carrier friction, summarizes the research actuality of to arc issues ,and affords information in research work for further reference.


In this contribution, current developments in packet-base d HD-voice communication are summarized. Moreover, the, usually prob lematic, issue of interoperability with the already installed infrastructure is addressed. Therefore, several algorithmic approaches— including embedded coding, receiveror network-based parameter est imation, and steganographic parameter transmission—are discussed ba on the practically relevant example of parametric bandwidth e xtension for speech and audio signals.


Accurate mapping and assessment of the upper limb, abdominal, and pelvic arterial tree has become a standard CT request and is now a pre-requisite for appropriate planning of interventional procedures in the thorax. In particular, the delivery systems of interventional devices (such as transcatheter aortic valve implantation have a minimum requirement for vessel calibre. Marked tortuosity of the vessels that comprise the access route to cardiac or thoracic vascular structures will also influence the choice of procedure undertaken. Further information may also be required on other important structures such as the mesenteric and renal vessels. This chapter will not deal with peripheral vascular disease below the inguinal ligaments.


The Southeast Asian pholcids Belisana tauricornis Thorell, 1898, Pholcus gracillimus Thorell, 1890, P. quinquenotatus Thorell, 1878 and Spermophora thorelli Roewer, 1942 are redescribed on the basis of the type material.


This paper presents a method to analyze and forecast the rotate speed signal of one type of aero-engine that is based on time series theory by modeling ARMA model,and establishes ARMA(3,1) model to predict the value and transfformation trend of rotate speed signal.The application results show that the erected ARMA(3,1) model can simulate rotate speed signal series quite well with good prediction accuracy,so it suggests that the method which is based on time series and ARMA model can be affectively and applicably used in aero-engine condition monitoring and fault diagnosis.


Despite limited reports employing sustainable solvents for Direct Arylation Polymerization (DArP), the large amount of organic waste generated from conjugated polymer synthesis requires attention. Herein, we report the first emulsion-DArP...


We already demonstrated that the modularity Q observed for the given metabolite classes is significantly higher than for a random association network (which we obtained by edge reshuffling, see main manuscript). In addition, we were interested in how closely the given metabolite classes represent an optimal partitioning of nodes in the network. Therefore we took a heuristic optimization approach and compared the results with the given six metabolite classes.


We present HindEnCorp, a parallel corpus of Hindi and English, and HindMonoCorp, a monolingual corpus of Hindi in their release version 0.5. Both corpora were collected from web sources and preprocessed primarily for the training of statistical machine translation systems. HindEnCorp consists of 274k parallel sentences (3.9 million Hindi and 3.8 million English tokens). HindMonoCorp amounts to 787 million tokens in 44 million sentences. Both the corpora are freely available for non-commercial research and their preliminary release has been used by numerous participants of the WMT 2014 shared translation task.


RINDERPEST Rinderpest is a highly infectious disease of ruminants and is notifiable. It has not been seen in the UK since 1877 and a worldwide eradication campaign has resulted in it being restricted to relatively small areas of Central Africa, the Middle East, and South-western and Central Asia. However, recent unexpected outbreaks of disease, such as bluetongue in northern Europe and the migration of avian flu, show that disease can spread around the F A R M


644 Background: Based on favorable preclinical interaction of the HER1 inhibitor erlotinib with chemotherapy, and previously demonstrated single agent activity of gemcitabine as therapy for metasta...


Technological advancements present intriguing new options for the care of orthopaedic trauma patients. These new methods continue to be tested against older, time-tested options. Some of these time-tested methods have been reevaluated with modern scientific vigor. The results of such studies over the last year present insights regarding which new ideas should be adopted and which older methods should be abandoned. This update presents a synopsis of the most clinically relevant high-quality studies related to orthopaedic trauma from the past twelve months. Key methods (¤), results ( ), and take-home points (w) for these studies are presented.


We propose a dedicated winner-take-all circuit to efficiently implement the intra-column competition between cells in Hierarchical Temporal Memory which is a crucial part of the algorithm. All inputs and outputs are charge-based for compatibility with standard CMOS. The circuit incorporates memristors for competitive advantage to emulate a column with a cell in a predictive state. The circuit can also detect columns 'bursting' by passive averaging and comparison of the cell outputs. The proposed spintronic devices and circuit are thoroughly described and a series of simulations are used to predict the performance. The simulations indicate that the circuit can complete a nine-cell, nine-input competition operation in under 15 ns at a cost of about 25 pJ.


This is a comparative study of biography of Zen Master Jin-gam and the so-called Ssanggyesa legend which describes the details about how they came to erect a stupa to consecrate the sacred cranial bone of the great Chinese Zen Master, Hyenung. Biography of Zen Master Jin-gam is a realistic description of biographical facts, whereas the Ssanggyesa legend is highly likely to be a fictive narrative by a Buddhist monk who, to my speculation, out of his deep devotion to Yuk-jo(the Sixth abbot) Hyenung, fabricated this story after he read the supplement to Yukjo-dankyung and the Book Five of Kyungdokjondung-rok, both of which record that one Silla monk Kim Daebi stole the cranial bone of Yukjo Hyenung. He embellished the story introducing two renowned characters, Sambophwasang and Bopjongni, the wife of General Kim Yusin. The historical background to this fabricated legend seems to have been the conflict between the two sects of Chinese Zen Buddhism of the time, Hyenung's Namjong-son and Sinsoo's Bookjong-son, over the mantle of O-jo(the Fifth abbot) Hong-in. When Sinhoe-hwasang, the destroyer of Pookjong-son, in the amidst of active missionary movement to promote Yukjo's teaching, met with the incident, he seems to have fabricated this story based on what Hyenung said on his deathbed. Hyenung is known to have said that his skull might be taken by a person from the East. Sinhoe seems to have tried to save the situation by intoducing two fictive characters to the scene, namely the Silla monk Kim Taebi and Chang Jongman from Yanghyon of Yeoju province.


The adoption of precoding (vectoring) in VDSL2 at the central office has resulted in mitigation of the far-end crosstalk seen at the customer premises equipment (CPE). As a result, alien noise (including repetitive impulse noise) is the new dominant source of impairment for downstream VDSL. At the CPE, an additional common mode (CM) sensor can sense the electromagnetically coupled alien noise signal, which can then be used to cancel the alien noise coupling into the differential mode signal. The intermittent and repetitive nature of the noise sources necessitates that the CM sensor based noise cancellation algorithm be capable of training and adapting during data mode in the presence of the useful data signal, since the presence of alien noise cannot be guaranteed during the modem training phase. In this paper, we propose a novel two-stage frequency domain algorithm based on a per-tone cancellation model for this purpose. The proposed algorithm outperforms previously proposed time domain algorithms in terms of convergence speed in many practical scenarios due to the decision directed nature of the proposed algorithm. We also analyse the theoretical convergence of the algorithm, which is also validated by the simulation experiments.


Ten severely immunocompromised HIV‐HCV co-infected patients were enrolled in a quantifiable HCV-RNA assay. Serum alanine aminotransferase, HCV-RNA levels and HIV viral loads were determined at baseline, at month three and at month six after initiation of a highly active antiretroviral therapy including an HIV protease inhibitor. HCV genotypes were determined using a line probe assay kit. Our results suggested that this therapy did not result in lower HCV viraemia, whatever the HCV genotypes, and probably had no effect on the outcome of chronic viral hepatitis C. As our patients were severely immunocompromised and their mean increase of CD4 cell counts was less than 50:mm 3 , we cannot reach any conclusions about the impact of the improvement of immune status on the HCV-RNA load. © 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. and International Society of


Determination of anionic surfactants as Methylene Blue active substances (MBAS) in water, waste water and sludge samples is of increasing importance because of the rapidly growing use of different types of anionic surfactants in household and industrial applications. We have developed a modified method for MBAS measurement, using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), an alkyl sulfate anionic surfactant compound, as the reference anionic surfactant compound for the MBAS analysis. The modified method has achieved a reduction in sample size, elimination of the use of expensive glassware, and a decrease in the quantity of chloroform used compared with the standard method. The theoretical relationship between the modified method and the standard method was confirmed by the experimental calibration curves. The linear calibration curves had r2 values between 0.994 and 0.999. On the basis of the statistical analysis on the MBAS recoveries from standard addition and spiked samples, the modified method is equally capable of extracting anionic surfactant compounds from the samples, when compared with the standard method.


The advancement of deep learning has led to the development of neural decoders for low latency communications. However, neural decoders can be very complex which can lead to increased computation and latency. We consider iterative pruning approaches (such as the lottery ticket hypothesis algorithm) to prune weights in neural decoders. Decoders with fewer number of weights can have lower latency and lower complexity while retaining the accuracy of the original model. This will make neural decoders more suitable for mobile and other edge devices with limited computational power. We also propose semi-soft decision decoding for neural decoders which can be used to improve the bit error rate performance of the pruned network.


This paper describes for the first time the experimental results of 3-channel simultaneous OFDM television signal modulation by using external optical modulators. In the experiment, carrier suppression was performed to improve the modulation characteristics. Furthermore, this paper describes the modulation characteristics such as the effect of the change in the modulation index of the optical modulator on the signal quality. In this experiment, although the 3-channel simultaneous modulation experiment was successful, in order to succeed in the simultaneous OFDM modulation experiment with a larger number of channels, it is necessary to obtain the maximum extinction ratio with a larger modulation index. At present, the optical modulator with sine curve characteristics used in the experiment increases the nonlinear distortion as the modulation index increases. Therefore, in this experiment, the modulation index was limited to about 10%. In the future, in order to increase the modulation index of the optical modulator, it will be necessary to reduce the non-linear distortion generated by the optical modulator with a predistortion circuit or the like.


Computer magazines are forever publishing the results of reader's surveys or the opinions of specialists about how computers are used in the nation's schools. We now have some hard data in the First National Survey on "How Schools Use Microcomputers/ ' by Henry J. Becker of the Center for Social Organization of Schools at The Johns Hopkins University. This 1983 survey was published in March of 1985. Inquiries can be sent to Computers, 3305 N. Charles St., Baltimore, Maryland, 21218. 1,580 schools out of 2,209 responded, 727 secondary 548 middle schools and 305 elementary. The survey was answered by "the teacher who has used a microcomputer most or who is most knowledgeable about how they have been used at their school." We have no information on what subjects the teachers taught. In both this and the 1984-85 survey (in-press) I responded for my school. I wonder how many special educators were the "experts?" In 1983 fewer than 10% of schools had 15 or more microcomputers, today a majority of schools have 10 or fewer micros \n buildings where class sizes average 25-30 students. High schools were twice as likely to have micros as elementary schools. At elementary level 4 1 % of computer time was spent in tutor ing "special students" (not defined) against 20% at the secondary level. Most micro use at all levels was dedicated to " introduction to computers" wi th "dr i l l and practice" coming second at elementary and third at secondary levels. In the typical school only one student in seven used the micro, and that was on an average of three minutes per day at the elementary level and twelve minutes per day at the secondary level. Since these are averages some schools could be giving much more keyboard time to the above average group than to the below average group. Teachers said that "above average" students learned more from micros than did "below average" students, perhaps a reflection of how much total t ime each group was allowed at the computers. The author comments that schools in minori ty communit ies used computers wi th lower achieving students whi le white community schools gave computer access to high achieving students. Computer use is determined by computer location. Fewer students use micros in classrooms than in laborator ies, but pr imar i ly h igher achieving students are in those laboratories. Locating micros in the l ibrary increases their use by both teachers and students but does not increase learning (too many computer games and too little direct instruction?). Rotating computers among rooms gives more students access to them but reduces the t ime any one student can spend wh ich , in turn , reduces learning. Becker reports that schools are still confused about the best way to use computers, they "use a very few computers in the context of parental demands for computer access for hundreds of students." Which means that computers are purchased w i thou t planning for teacher training and use, then micros are spread too thin to have much impact. He argues that such spotty use of computers wi l l make it diff icult to justify the purchase of more and better computers. Becker urges researchers to address four questions: What is the appropriate place of computers as an object of instruction in today's curr icu lum; can the accomplishments of adolescents in content areas be improved by use of computer-based tools; how can computers be efficiently used in school settings where teachers are responsible for 25 or more students, but where micros are used by one or two students at a t ime; and, for which types of students should computers be used? He asks if "slow learners" can learn basics more efficiently wi th computers. We should be relieved that few administrators or board members read surveys. I wouldn' t like to have computers taken out of LD classrooms and sent to labs where our students are seldom welcome. I am not too concerned about the poor learning outcomes affecting computer purchases. Even though public schools have largely used computers wi th the traditional ineptness they bring to all good educational ideas they wil l still f ind funds to buy micros. As long as advertisers con parents into thinking that Junior wi l l be on welfare wi thout computer skills, schools wi l l have to have at least a token number of computers.


Seeds of 7 pearl millet genotypes (4 land races, 1 commercial hybrid, 1 improved cultivar and 1 weedy type) were stored for 0-6 years at (a) 15-40 deg and 20-90% RH (ambient conditions), (b) 18-20% and 30-40% RH or (c) 4 deg and 20% RH. Seeds were stored in glass bottles, plastic bottles, polyethylene bags, aluminium foil packets, paper packets or cloth bags. In (a), germination was completely lost after 5 years in all containers. In (b), germination after 6 years and averaged over cultivars ranged from an average 23% in paper packets to 51% in plastic bottles. After 6 years in (c) germination ranged from 75% in aluminium foil packets, paper packets or cloth bags to 84% in glass bottles. Significant genotype differences were observed with larger and denser seeds surviving longest., 13 ref., Seeds of 7 pearl millet genotypes (4 land races, 1 commercial hybrid, 1 improved cultivar and 1 weedy type) were stored for 0-6 years at (a) 15-40 deg and 20-90% RH (ambient conditions), (b) 18-20% and 30-40% RH or (c) 4 deg and 20% RH. Seeds were stored in glass bottles, plastic bottles, polyethylene bags, aluminium foil packets, paper packets or cloth bags. In (a), germination was completely lost after 5 years in all containers. In (b), germination after 6 years and averaged over cultivars ranged from an average 23% in paper packets to 51% in plastic bottles. After 6 years in (c) germination ranged from 75% in aluminium foil packets, paper packets or cloth bags to 84% in glass bottles. Significant genotype differences were observed with larger and denser seeds surviving longest.


Encephalomyocarditis is caused by encephalomyocarditis virus(EMCV).It mainly causes encephalitis and myocarditis in pigs as well as reproduction disorder in sows.The occurrence and popular of encephalomyocarditis seriously influenced the development of swine industry in China.The present article review the advantages and disadvantages of various detection techniques for EMCV so as to provide the technical support for EMCV detection more effectively.


The aim of this paper is to analyze three seduction poems by John Donne regarding his use of fallacy as a technique for seduction. These poems are "The Flea", "Confined Love" and "To His Mistress Going to Bed". Donne tries to manipulate reasoning in the arguments with the women in those poems cleverly through false beliefs i.e., fallacies, to convince them of the legitimacy and sanctity of sexual intercourse, whether it is premarital or adultery. He deploys strong fallacious arguments with the women, who are presented as cautious or dismissive, in all three poems to achieve his aim of convincing those women to voluntarily agree to his sexual desire.


This pedagogical research project has the main objective of identify the factors that affect the grow of the symbolic graphics skills of the Educational Center My Penguins, the mentioned process starts since the scrawl stage, defined drawing and end in the writing conventional phase. An approach had been realized with the educative community as: parents of the family, students, docents and directives using the intended observation methodology where it could to diagnose the problematic to investigate, at the same time we can know the main factors that will serve as instruments of analysis to reach the aimed objectives; the socioeconomic profile of the families, theirs educational levels, the teacher's motivation, the students' interests to participate of the activities, the objectives, mission and vision of the educational center. Different instruments were applied for the collection of facts as: interviews, surveys to the family's parents, students and docents of the educational center, in order to know the particular way and then generalized the factors that interfere in the graph symbolic process of the children. Thanks to the analysis of the results it can be observe which are the most determined factors that impede children to have an adequate process about the fine hand mobility in this case symbolic graph; graphics were realized that permitted to observe a simple sight the results of the questions, showing up clearly the most important answers and so to realize an investigation proposal of intervention in accord of the interests and student's necessities. The proposal of intervention established is called ARGIM as strategy to strengthen the symbolic graph of the children; the mentioned proposal is oriented to retake the body expression as a bridge to fortify the main ability, having in account the painting until to get a conventional writing.


: Motivated by means of the scanty literature on macroeconomic determinants of dividend policy, this paper analyzes the affect of monetary fundamentals and political uncertainty on dividend coverage of quoted companies in the purchaser items enterprise in Nigeria the use of the dynamic constant results dummy variable regression framework. Dividend coverage is measured with the aid of dividend payout ratio and dividend yield, whilst monetary fundamentals are examined in phrases of actual monetary increase rate, inflation, pastime rate, change fee and oil prices. Political uncertainty is measured in phrases of presidential elections with a express dummy, which takes the fee of 1 in presidential election years, or zero otherwise. The find out about covers the duration from 2010 to 2019 which consists of three presidential election years: namely, 2011, 2015 and 2019. We discover that dividend coverage of client goods companies is generated by way of a system that is regular with the Lintner's model. On the contrary, there is no proof suggesting that shareholder s' returns are ruled by way of Arbitrage Pricing Model as each monetary fundamentals and political uncertainty have no statistically extensive affects on dividend coverage variables. Our outcomes additionally company dimension has no statistically sizable affect on dividend policy. However, these consequences have financial implications as all the coefficients are estimated with their anticipated signs.


ABSTRACT While most of the workplace bullying research has focused on targets and the devastating consequences they face from being exposed to such negative behaviour, bullying does not occur in a social vacuum. Previous research has suggested that people who are exposed to bullying sometimes engage in such behaviour themselves. In this paper, we wanted to test the reciprocal nature of bullying behaviour over time and potential moderators of this relationship in two studies. In Study 1, using two-wave full panel data, we test whether bullying exposure predicts bullying enactment and vice versa. In Study 2, using another two-wave dataset, we test whether individual coping styles moderate the relationship between bullying exposure and enactment. The results of the two studies provide support for the reciprocal nature of bullying behaviour and show that employees who tend to cope actively and instrumentally with being exposed to bullying have a higher chance of engaging in bullying. The reverse holds for people who tend to cope by disengaging and talking to others. This study has important implications for both the bullying literature and for practitioners working on bullying prevention and resolution.


Long-range coupling constants between 77Se and 13C in selenoanisole, diphenyl selenide, diphenyl diselenide, and their 2-mono- and 2,2′-disubstituted derivatives, selenoxanthone, selenanthrene, dichlorides, and selenoxides were measured to disclose predominant factors governing the magnitude of the coupling. Extraordinary large values for two- and three-bond couplings are found in selenoxanthone. Three factors are operative: the orientational effect, the coordination number, and the effect of ring formation. The last factor accompanies a stronger inverse effect on the coupling of selenoxides than on that of selenides.


A laryngoscope is a medical device commonly used in most hospitals worldwide and used to conduct an oral or endotracheal intubation which leads to changes in the patient parameters (heart rate, blood pressure, etc.) due to the force applied on the tongue and other soft-tissues. However, these parameters are being monitored continuously, and provide guidance for anaesthetists to control the drugs which may lead to an inadequate dosage. This work aims to develop a laryngoscope capable of measuring the force applied during a laryngoscopy. To measure the applied force, several solutions, based on different sensors, were analysed and tested. The traditional laryngoscope xenon lighting lamp was replaced by a high bright LED which result in a clear illumination and lower batteries consumption. A Bluetooth® communication module was also include to allow a real-time force acquisition and display.


This article presents the results of an experiment on physical Human-Human Interaction (pHHI), where human dyads cooperate on a one-dimensional comanipulative task in a novel lightweight teleoperation setup. The results of this experiment show that humans are able to handle asymmetrical information about the task and solve conflicts using only the kinesthetic channel. Data from the pHHI experiment is used to design a virtual partner that can perform the task alongside a human. The virtual partner behavior is based on the observation that initiative is highly correlated to decision-making in our pHHI negotiation scenario. The virtual agent is then evaluated in a physical Human-Robot Interaction (pHRI) experiment. The results of the second experiment show that the virtual partner is able to perform the task without compromising the performances of the dyad and that a similar role distribution is observed in human-human and human-robot dyads. Moreover, the knowledge of the partner's nature does not seem to influence the performances. The results obtained with the virtual partner are encouraging and could be used to design kinesthetic negotiation algorithms in pHRI settings. The main contributions of this article are: (1) supporting evidence of the possibility for humans to use the kinesthetic channel as mean of negotiation during physical Human-Human Interaction in the lightest known impedance negotiation tasks (with no virtual mass involved), (2) highlighting of the correlation between initiative and dyadic decision making, (3) design of a simple yet efficient virtual partner algorithm capable of realistic physical Human-Robot Interaction in the one-dimension tracking task used in the experimental setup. This design combines minimum jerk trajectory, switching role ability, decision criteria, and statistical parameters that are detailed in this article.


Workloads for web applications can change rapidly. When the change is an increase in customers, a common adaptive approach to maintain SLAs is elasticity, the on-demand allocation of computing resources. However, application-level denial-of-service (DoS) attacks can also cause changes in workload, and require an entirely different response. These two issues are often addressed separately (in both research and application). This paper presents a model-driven adaptive management mechanism which can correctly scale a web application, mitigate a DoS attack, or both, based on an assessment of the business value of workload. This approach is enabled by modifying a layered queuing network model previously used to model data centers to also accurately predict short-term cloud behavior, despite cloud variability over time. We evaluate our approach on Amazon EC2 and demonstrate the ability to horizontally scale a sample web application in response to an increase in legitimate traffic while mitigating multiple DoS attacks, achieving the established performance goal.


The development of an automatic design environment for obtaining artificial neural network based control system structures for complex underwater vehicles is presented. The design procedure is carried out by means of evolutionary techniques from a set of specifications using as a fitness evaluator a new type of hydrodynamic simulator based on added mass constants. The model's equations of motion employed were obtained by combining theoretical formulae with experimental data. The resulting design environment, called ADEUS, was used to obtain the neural network based controllers for a submarine catamaran. Results of the simulations obtained using this technique, of the application of the automatic design procedure and of the operation of the controllers thus obtained are presented.


This paper introduces several new technologies for gas fuel engines;their primary principles and features.Available tech-nologies for gas fuel engines include:the supercharged cooling technology,the exhaust gas recirculation technology,the catalytic oxidizing reduction technology,the in-cylinder direct injection technology,the layered inlet lean-burn technology and the pre-combustion chamber technology etc..


Universities can be corrupt through the abuse of authority for both personal and material gain. In order to reduce corruption, quality assurance mechanisms might include anti-corruption evidence as a criterion for accreditation. Another implication is that development assistance agencies that make investments in higher education, may have to consider the level of corruption when making those investments.


CsCdInSe3 (I) and CsCdInTe3 (II) are prepared by reaction of In, Cs2Se3 or Cs2Te3, Cd, and Se or Te in a molar ratio of 2:1:2:3 ((I): 1.


India is among the fastest growing dairy nation in the world. With increase in population and enhancement in lifestyle of people, demand for the dairy and food products is increasing day by day. In dairy processing plant milk and milk products are subjected to various unit operations to maintain its quality till consumption. Among various heat treatments the main operation is pasteurization in which steam required is 0.3 kg/l of milk. Traditionally, fossil fuels are utilized to generate heat to produce steam/hot water and are subsequently used as a heating medium in plate heat exchanger. Burning of these fossil fuels contribute to pollution as well as to green house gases resulting into global warming. If solar heated water is used for fully or partially, it would maintenance of eco balance and reduce the cost of fuel charges and pollution. In the dairy and food processing industry the tubular heat exchangers are very important and widely used for heating and cooling purpose of wide varieties of liquids food materials. In the present investigation solar water heating system assisted shell and tube heat exchanger is used pasteurization of milk.


The introduction of the Order Handling Rules and Regulation ATS by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission has had a major impact on the Nasdaq market. In particular, the rise and success of electronic communication systems (ECNs) is a direct outcome of these regulatory changes. This paper investigates the behavior of intra-day liquidity and trading on one of the most successful new market participants, the Island ECN. Using limit buy and sell order and time and sales data collected from Island's website, we find strong intraday patterns in trading volume and number of trades executed as well as market depth and price impact, our measure of liquidity. We also find that market quality on Island is far better during the hours when Nasdaq is open, and that after hours trading volume is negligible, mainly because of lack of liquidity. These findings indicate that ECNs strongly depend on the larger Nasdaq system. For example, the number of orders on the book increase and the price impact declines dramatically when Nasdaq opens. The reverse occurs at Nasdaq's close. We show that trading activity increases with (intra-day) volatility and available depth, and is negatively related to liquidity. We also find evidence of commonality in liquidity on Island.


Localization of sensor node with least error is one of the major concern in wireless sensor network as some of the application require sensor node to know their location with high degree of precision. For mobile anchor based localization many of the path planning schemes already developed which includes scan, double scan, Circles & SCurves. These path planning schemes have some limitations like localization error, Number of sensor nodes covered in the network, Trajectory length of mobile anchor node. This paper represents an overview of modified scan algorithm. This algorithm ensures trajectory of mobile anchor node will minimize localization error and also will cover majority of sensor node in the environment. Keywords—Localization; Mobile anchor node; Wireless sensor network; Modified Scan algorithm


Cases of soft part preservation, now known widely in Cambrian rocks throughout the world1, have resulted in a revolution in knowledge of early metazoan evolution. The famous Burgess Shale of British Columbia, Canada, has prompted the recognition of other important biotas elsewhere, such as at Chenjiang and Kaili in South China. Despite the extensive record of Cambrian sedimentary rocks in the Indian subcontinent, no preservation of soft or weakly biomineralized parts has been recognized to date.


Mood and emotions in singing are an important part in a person's psychology,which are a reflection of the relation between the external object and human's need.The changes of tone in the emotion of singing are significant to represent the composer's intention.Therefore,it is significant to express the content of the song by using the changes of tone in singing.


The fourth revision of patent law of China began in August 2012. After the completeness of a draft for comments led by NATIONAL INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ADMINISTRATION (PRC), the draft for revision of patent law was completed in January 2013. With the accomplishment of research and practical investigation of the draft for revision, the partial amendment of patent law was changed to a comprehensive amendment, hence the patent law comprehensive amendment was proceeded since 2014. Consequently, the National Intellectual Property Office reenacted the opinion collection notice, and in July 2015, it submitted a deliberation proposal to the State Council. Since July 2017, the Legislative Affairs Office of the State Council of the People's Republic of China has deliberated the draft for revision. On December 5, 2018, the State Council's Standing Committee passed the draft revision of the patent law, and on the 23rd, it was presented to the National People's Congress Standing Committee and passed the first deliberation. The progress of the revision is expected to be completed by early 2020.Therefore, the main contents of the amendment are as follows: a. The strengthened protection of patents, the implementation of the Presumption Regulation for Damages system, the supplementation of the current compensation for damages system, the strengthened patent administrative enforcement, the new establishment of duty to protect for Internet Service Provider, the introduction of the extension of patent term of system of drug patent, and the expansion of prescription of litigation, including the establishment of good faith principle and the Principles of Prohibition of Abuse. b. To promote the use and practice of patents, the regulations related to the employee invention have been revised, the open license system was introduced and to promote the use of patent information, the regulation of public service system at the government level was supplemented. c. The patent application system was reorganized, and the methods of nuclear transformation were added to the description and non-statutory subject matter of the domestic priority system of design patent applications.The fourth amendment shows institutional innovation in terms of strengthening patent protection, facilitating the implementation and use of patents, and improving the patent application system. That is, based on the patent examination and approval system established in the current law, this revision is based on the protection, implementation, and use of patents after patent application. When looking at the comprehensive amendment, there are positive aspects, but on the other hand, there are some problems still lack solution including implied license system, circular litigation, and indirect infringement, cultured animals related diagnosis of a disease and therapy method, Partial Design patent system. In particular, there is a huge problem of what is a good patent administrative enforcement, which is a balance between justice and efficiency after the fourth amendment.


We show an alternative path to efficient second- and third-harmonic generation in proximity of the zero crossing points of the dielectric permittivity in conjunction with low absorption. Under these circumstances, any material, either natural or artificial, will show similar degrees of field enhancement followed by strong harmonic generation, without resorting to any resonant mechanism. The results presented in this paper provide a general demonstration of the potential that the zero-crossing-point condition holds for nonlinear optical phenomena. We investigate a generic Lorentz medium and demonstrate that a singularity-driven enhancement of the electric field may be achieved even in extremely thin layers of material. We also discuss the role of nonlinear surface sources in a realistic scenario where a 20-nm layer of CaF2 is excited at 21 μm, where e ∼ 0. Finally, we show similar behavior in an artificial composite material that includes absorbing dyes in the visible range, provide a general tool for the improvement of harmonic generation using the e ∼ 0 condition, and illustrate that this singularity-driven enhancement of the field lowers the thresholds for a plethora of nonlinear optical phenomena.


Amylases of Rhizopus RA-1are separated and purified by(NH4)2SO4 fractional precipitation,DEAE-cellulose ion-exchange chromatography and gel G-100 filtration.It was determined by PAGE that the amylase shows glucoamylase line and two α-amylase lines,detemined by SDS-PAGE the three molecular weights are about 78kD,48kD and 50kD.


Different people will react to war differently.In this essay,we will see three kinds of feelings to the WWII,or to any war.Some people are very active and volunteer to fight for something they love.Some people are in fear of losing their loved ones but they also can understand the importance of some wars.Some people are very passive to any war,finding no meaning.The discussion is about these attitudes.There is more behind the war for people to think about,too.


The main goal of this paper is to present recent improvements of the original optical method dedicated to 3D flows, named R VV (Rainbow Volumic Velocimetry). The authors propose a new way to evaluate the importance of the image quality in flow visualization. A method for generating synthetic images has been developed in order to simulate the RVV technique. With this approach, some factors can be tested such as image noise, image contrast, and spectrum characteristics. Moreover, the performance of image processing tools specifically developed for RVV applications can be also estimated. The principles of both PTV and PSV have been investigated synthetically.


It is now clear that national regulatory and professional bodies do not pay due attention to unfavourable or negative results regarding specific devices, new surgical techniques, and treatments.1 As a result, action is delayed. Communication of adverse events or product recalls does not travel well across borders. Worse still, it can take months or even years before practising surgeons learn about …


This paper concerns four major sins students most often commit in case analysis. The sins are: (1) the failure to use the analytical framework of marketing, (2) the failure to define the problem correctly, (3) the failure to make a decision, and (4) the failure to be logical.


Based on the typical mission requirement of near space aircraft and the former integrated analysis model, a new high speed aircraft/combined power integration analysis model which considered angle of attack and climb was developed. Aiming at the wide operation range characters of high speed aircraft, the paper predicted the lift and drag characteristics of high speed aircraf and classified the aircraft to different generations according to the highest lift-to-drag ratio. In the last part, the contraint analysis and mission assessment of intergration were accomplished and the ability of completing mission of the steamjet and tandem TBCC engines was contrasted by using the high speed intergration design and analysis program. According to the results of calculation, several conculsions were reached. The steamjet with better reliability and maneuverability but shorter range can be used to realize the scheudled target of high speed aircraft in a short time; otherwise, the tandem TBCC engine with worse reliability were suited for carrying out long range mission because of its high impluse in the whole flight Mach condition.


ABSTRACTABSTRACT.- Cortez A., Heinemann M.B., Castro A.M.M.G., Soares M.S, Pinto A.M.V., Alfieri A.A.,Flores E.F., Leite R.C. & Richtzenhain L.J. 2006. Genetic characterization of Brazilian bovineviral diarrhea virus isolates by partial nucleotide sequencing of the 5'-UTR regionviral diarrhea virus isolates by partial nucleotide sequencing of the 5'-UTR region. PesquisaVeterinaria Brasileira 26(4):211-216. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinaria e Zootecnia, Universidadede Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, Cidade Universitaria, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil. E-mail: email@example.com isolates of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) from Brazil were genetically characterizedthrough partial nucleotide sequencing and analysis of the 5'UTR region. The isolates were grouped asBVDV-1 (11/19), BVDV-2 (6/19) or "atypical" pestivirus (2/19). Among the BVDV-1, eight isolates wereclassified as subgenotype BVDV-1a, whereas most (4 out of 6) BVDV-2 belonged to subgenotype 2b. Twoisolates from aborted fetuses were not classified into any genetic group, being considered atypicalBVDVs. Genetic diversity among Brazilian BVDV isolates may be responsible for vaccination and diag-nostic failure and therefore may influence the control strategies for BVDV infection in the country.