The Ediacaran-Cambrian transition was an
important time span from both geologic and biologic perspectives.
It was a time of dramatic evolutionary changes such as the
diversification of early metazoans, the development of resistant
skeletons in many taxa, and the escalation of prey-predator
systems. In North America, the transition is well recorded in
terminal Neoproterozoic to Cambrian strata of Esmeralda County,
Nevada, and adjacent Inyo County, California. Strata recording this
transition are the Deep Spring Formation (Ediacaran-Cambrian), and
the Campito, Poleta, and Harkless formations
(Cambrian). For many years the Deep Spring,
Poleta, and Harkless formations were informally divided into
mappable members. New, formal names are proposed for the members of
these formations. In ascending order the new members are the
Dunfee, Montezuma, and Gold Point members of the Deep Spring
Formation; the Lida, Indian Springs, and Clayton members of the
Poleta Formation; and the Weepah and Alkali members of the Harkless
Formation. Two formal members of the Campito Formation, the Andrews
Mountain Quartzite and the Montenegro Member, have long been
recognized. The Deep Spring Formation and
succeeding formations have the transition from a
microorganism-dominated record to the more diverse and complex
record of the Phanerozoic. Stromatolites are common in the Dunfee
Member of the Deep Spring Formation, and fossilized microbial mats
("wrinkle structures") are present in siltstone layers of the
Montezuma Member. Microbial mats or microbially stabilized
substrates are inferred to be responsible for the fine preservation
of Ediacaran trace fossils as well as sedimentary structures. In
Cambrian strata, microbial related structures are mostly wrinkle
structures and gas escape structures. Trace
fossils have a trend toward increasing diversity, complexity, and
abundance across the Ediacaran-Cambrian transition, although
behavioral patterns are conserved. These changes parallel faunal
changes across the same interval of strata. Trace fossils in the
Ediacaran part of the Deep Spring Formation include
 Bergaueria, Palaeophycus, Planolites , and other
simple resting, dwelling, and perhaps foraging traces. A new genus
and species of trace fossil, Nevadichnos planum ,
is described from the Montezuma Member of the Deep Spring
Formation. Cambrian trace fossils of the Nevada-California
succession include Bergaueria, Monomorphichnus,
Palaeophycus, Planolites, Rusophycus, and Treptichnus
pedum . Although the morphologies of Cambrian tracemakers
may have been different in the Cambrian than in the Ediacaran, the
basic behavioral patterns of feeding and dwelling were already
developed in the Ediacaran. Chalcopyrite and
limonite commonly occur within burrows, especially in
 Planolites . Precipitation of these minerals is
probably related to decay processes associated with biofilm
development in burrows.


The oornpFessive defomatkm of aged and ~ e d P-Titanium alloyCri-15V-3Cr-3Sn-3A) was M@ at between 77K and 673Y at strain rate up to 10 &. Ternand/or strain rate change tests d e d h ~ r e l a l i o m yere almost indqendent d loading histoy. and m w mechanical behiours d d be demtocd without considering significant change of structure evolution. Temperature rise due to the heat cowasion of plastic work for both materials caused a significant work softening on the dynarmc stress-strain r4atiom at low .  Theamayl activated strain rate im$&(TASRA) was applied to characterize deformation mechanism by taking ac~and of adiabatic heating and strain rate change dunng deformation, and the exphe&d mutts were well convinced.


Both the naturalness of the electroweak symmetry breaking and the resolution of the strong CP problem may require a small Higgsino mass $\mu$ generated by a realization of the DFSZ axion model. Assuming the axino is the lightest supersymmetric particle, we study its implications on $\mu$ and the axion scale. Copiously produced light Higgsinos at collider (effectively only neutral NLSP pairs) eventually decay to axinos leaving prompt multi-leptons or displaced vertices which are being looked for at the LHC. We use latest LHC7+8 results to derive current limits on $\mu$ and the axion scale. Various Higgsino-axino phenomenology is illustrated by comparing with a standard case without lightest axinos as well as with a more general case with additional light gauginos in the spectrum.


A displacment field of rectangular plate elment is constructed by using unit width strip in length and breadth.The computing formulae of rectangular plate bending element with 20 degrees of freedom are derived under the assumption that in each element the shear strain varies linearly.The C 1 continuity condition is satisfied and the "shear locking" is surmounted.It is suitable for computing the large plate structure.Computational examples indicate the computing method in this paper is well reliable and has high precision.


This research purposes to identificate the mentality of student attitudes toward build entrepreneur.Background of this research are there is matter how to understand and improve the mentality of Student attitude toward entrepreneurship, where they still considered the main of important to build entrepreneurship is capital. That can describe the dominant factors much influence for all of the student.The Results for this research are intrepretation for mentality attitude to build entrepreneurship consist of the average of visioner is 4.37, creativity and inovative is 3.91, can make opportunity is 3.79, leadership is 4.02, and self confidence is 3.8. it can describe, it is still under average about some of student attitudes toward build entrepreneurship, it is especially creativity and inovative, can make opportunity, self confidence, so the solution is make understanding for all of student that one of important thing for growing entrepreneurship that build the high mental capability. Keyword: attitude toward, entrepreneurship


BACKGROUND The HOspice and Palliative Care Evaluation (HOPE) is a core documentation system and can be used for quality assurance and benchmarking. HOPE was repeatedly adapted to documentation needs following the yearly evaluations. This paper highlights development and changes of the hospice and palliative care scene in Germany over the last 5 years. METHOD During the evaluation periods in 2004 and 2009 participating services documented each 30 patients consecutively at the day of admission and at the end of treatment with the HOPE core documentation. This evaluation compared data from the palliative care units for the years 2004 and 2009. RESULTS The evaluation showed significant differences for age (mean 68.7 vs. 67.3 years; p < 0.01) and a minor increase in the proportion of non-cancer patients (7.3 vs. 4.9 %; p < 0.01) compared to 2004. A significant higher proportion of patients had an advance directive (29.4 vs. 6.5 %; p < 0.01) and less patients were without a nursing support at home (47.1 vs. 37.7 %; p < 0.01). In both years the use of opioids WHO 3 and other medications for symptom control increased between admission and end of therapy, but antibiotics, antiarrhythmics / antihypertensives and diuretics were reduced. In both years high symptom intensities are estimated most often for weakness, assistance with the activities of daily living and loss of appetite. Best symptom relief is obtained for pain, nausea and vomiting and dyspnoea. DISCUSSION The comparison with data from 5 years ago shows slow development of palliative care. Non-cancer patients still seem to find it difficult to access specialised services. However, public awareness on end-of-life care seems to increase, as indicated by more use of advanced directives in 2009.


Progress towards the objectives of world health and peace depends upon many factors, especially upon the understanding and wishes of the people. That public health is people is suggested in the title of a popular book.t What each person may know and do as an individual will influence much of the future of a local area and a state and a nation. Much will depend on the continuing ability of communities to send to the governing and advisory bodies of official and voluntary organizations people whose vision encompasses the health needs of the area as a whole, rather than being restricted to a group of agencies or to one particular agency. This principle, advanced by the first Director-General of the World Health Organization, Dr. Brock Chisholm, applies to the situation in the United States as well as to the future of the W.H.O. in which we are all likewise interested. This is no time for "empire building" nor for complacency. Also necessary for progress in the improvement of health is the greater development of the skills of direction and co-ordination to ensure maximum economy and effectiveness of services. It is time for community agencies to pursue with increased vigor the establishment of long-term goals in terms of human needs, opportunities, and interrelationships. These factors deserve priority in emphasis over temporary, short-term goals, backed by skillful money raising campaigns, some of which have understandable emotional appeal. This means also that we shall do well to keep in mind the interdependence of the economic and social factors in our society. There is no doubt that gains in public health are greatly influenced by advances in other fields. Constructive programs for public health should be dynamic and adaptable to changing needs which are influenced by conditions, duties, and occasions in a state or nation. Concepts of working together for increased effectiveness are taking many forms, depending upon the problems, on the ideas of people concerned, and on many other factors. The survey in various mani-


This research is intended to search for applicable indicators of reducing carbon emission through all phrases in the tourist complex planning and measures for it in order to realize the low-carbon green tourism in aspect of tourist complex planning with regard to the low-carbon green growth which is recently highlighted as a global interest. This study figured out total 132 planning indicators on 5 dimensions such as 'sustainable land use', 'green transport system', 'Self sufficient energy' 'water source management', and 'low-carbon green tourism management' which should be introduced for planning Saemangeum Tourist Complex responding to Climate change through the process of analysis on literatures and cases, delphi technique, and expert FGI. In addition, 132 planning indicators including 55 core indicators and 77 advisory indicators are classified according to phrase.


Autonomic systems for network management are available and present significant benefits such as the reduction of human intervention, performance improvement and optimization of available resources. However, large networks composed by hundreds of nodes (routers) present a challenging scalability issue in relation to the development and implementation of selfmanagement solutions. In effect, computational complexity required for autonomic solutions increases with network size resulting, typically, in unacceptable response time for an effective near real-time set of management action implementations. Alternatives that may be explored to deal with the scalability problem include the increase of computational resources supporting the autonomic management solution and the reduction of managed network size and, consequently, computational complexity. The first approach is realizable but implies, typically, in a significant cost increase for the autonomic solution. The reduction of managed network size, whenever realized preserving the quality of the overall autonomic solution, may represent an important tradeoff for managers in the direction of realizable and affordable autonomic management solutions. This paper proposes the systematic use of two parameters, robustness and performability, to deal with the scalability issue in large self-managed networks. These parameters will support managers in implementing self-management solutions by considering the tradeoff between solution's quality and execution time. Robustness and performability are, in turn, parameters resulted from a network partitioning method based on network density.


Microwave techniques have the potential to be used for head imaging to detect brain abnormalities. However, the outer section of the human head, which consists of different tissue layers, such as skin, skull, fat and muscles, presents a strong signal reflections and scattering clutter that might mask the target's response. In addition, those reflections tend to persist over a long duration of time, due to the multilayer structure of the head. These artifacts debilitate microwave imaging algorithms to successfully detect brain injuries inside the head. In this paper, a hybrid artifact removal method which combines the entropy-based filtering and differential approach, is presented to remove those artifacts in multistatic microwave head imaging. In this method, an entropy-based filter separates strong reflections from other signals, whereas the differential approach removes the artifacts from those reflections at different frequency samples. The proposed approach is successfully tested using realistic multilayer head model and an 8-element antenna array.realistic multilayer head model.


This chapter explores the Scottish government policy drive for school improvement through processes such as distributed leadership, empowerment and cross-school collaboration to school settings. Compared to other nations, this shift towards collaboration has been relatively slow, but reflects the history of Scottish education, one where there is a reduced emphasis on individualist/competitive cultures and instead focuses on social justice and equity. This chapter discusses two programmes of work that were developed to foster school-to-school collaboration in the Scottish education system. In doing so, we comment on the conflict between national priority setting and the translation of this agenda at the local level by different local authorities.


Plunging in bravely, Fabrizio Cecca (2002) Palaeobiogeography of Marine Fossil Invertebrates; Concepts and Methods. Taylor & Francis, London, xi + 273 pp. ISBN 0–415–28789–8 hardback. Price £50, 2002.


The error generated by Charge Pump in PLL is analized and a novel circuit is proposed.The proposed circuit and proposes a novel circuit that eliminates overshoot injection current and gets much better error characteristic than traditional Charge Pump.Hspice simulation results(using BSIM3V3 model)are showed and compared to traditional ones.


This paper uses data from Chinese prefecture-level administrative unit to examine the extent of spatial variability of the impact that population, income, and climate have on urban residential carbon emissions. The residuals of OLS estimation of urban residential carbon emissions exhibit a significant spatial association according to the value of the Moran's I statistic. GWR model effectively reduces the spatial autocorrelation of residuals by considering spatial effect. Not only does it enhance the explanatory power of the model, but also gets local estimates of the parameters. Results show that, there is strong evidence of spatial heterogeneity for impacts of three independent variables: (1) local regression coefficients of population and income are both positive in the OLS and GWR models, but spatial variability of the effect of income is greater in the GWR model; (2) the coefficient estimate of the climate variable in the OLS model is negative, however, the direction is both positive and negative in the GWR model with the magnitude of the effect varying within and across the 302 prefecture-level administrative units in China; (3) one should carefully check the reasonableness of policy recommendations made based on global linear regression models that ignore or failed to properly assess the spatial dependence.


The comparative economics of oat (cv. JHO-822) fodder production under improved package of practices and traditional oat fodder production was made over the farmers' fields and analysed for the period Rabi 2010–11 in Sirsa, Haryana. The technical knowhow was provided by the institute in growing the higher yield of oat fodder. For oat (JHO 822), the Average Total Cost was found as 27278.34 per hectare while in traditional oat fodder practice, the ATC was 25864.72. The share of variable cost in total cost was 70.28 percent and 69.2% in improved and traditional practice respectively. The highest expenditure in percentage term is incurred on labour followed by manures and fertilizers and draft power and seed cost in improved practice. While in traditional practice, the highest expenditure was incurred on Labour, manures and fertilizers seed and Draft power. The total expenses have increased by 5.47 percent in growing of oat (JHO-822) fodder crop with improved practices against the existing oat varieties. There is higher use of machine and labour mandays as the crop has given two cuttings in most of the fields. The green fodder yield was 10.17 percent higher and the cost of fodder produced reduced by 4.98 percent. In improved practice, the net income has increased by 17.38 in relation to traditional practice. Thus, the improved practice of oat fodder production has significant benefit to the adopting farmers.


To evaluate the relationship of genetic variability of adiponectin (ADIPOQ), leptin (LEP) and leptin receptor (LEPR) genes with glucose‐insulin system and markers of subclinical atherosclerosis (ATS) in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.


On behalf of the Impuls Foundation the DIW has analysed to what extent the sectors mechanical engineering as well as office machinery and data equipment are subsidised. The analysis is based on a DIW-subsidies-databank disaggregated by 60 sectors which is annually updated drawing on information from the Federal budget and the government's report on subsidies. In absolute terms, mechanical engineering is one of the bigger recipients of subsidies. In both, West and East Germany a volume of 1 ? to 2 DM billions respectively was calculated in 1996 for this sector. The relative small degree of subsidy can be clearly seen by calculating rates of the subsidies, e.g. in relation to GDP or sectoral employment. The subsidisation of the sector office machinery and data equipment is significantly lower than mechanical engineering.


A microscopic simulation model (MITSIMLab) for evaluating emergency evacuation plans was developed for the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). MITSIMLab was used as the microscopic traffic simulator to model traffic operations. The study area consisted of the entire region that includes all technical areas within the LANL and the towns of White Rock and Los Alamos, New Mexico. Evacuation planning is a critical component of overall security planning. The approach adopted presents a laboratory-like setup to evaluate a large range of evacuation scenarios including no evacuation. Five evacuation scenarios are considered in LANL evacuation planning. The scenarios, developed in consultation with the Emergency Management Office of LANL, include full or partial closures of various roads, limited access to some special facilities, and security delays at certain locations. Performance measures for evaluating an evacuation plan include the total time to achieve a complete evacuation, the time needed for a partial evacuation in which the population within certain areas is at risk, and the percentage of the population in affected zones as a function of time.


An electrical transmission lattice exactly ruled by the Klein-Gordon equation is proposed. It is experimentally shown that this medium transmits energy even outside its bandpass via the supratransmission effect. Information transmission applications are discussed.


In Indonesia, the incidence of menstrual pain or dysmenorrhea is 64.25%, consisting of 54.89% of primary dysmenorrhoea and 9.36% of secondary dysmenorrhoea. Dysmenorrhea pain occurs due to contractions of the uterine muscles due to the release of prostaglandins. This pain can spread from the stomach to the waist, lower back, and inner thighs, and can carry out daily activities. Dysmenorrhea can be released nonpharmacologically can be given through warm compresses, cold compresses, counterpressure massage, exercise, rest, deep breathing relaxation techniques, chocolate administration, yoga, and hypnotherapy. This study was conducted to look at a better scale of dysmenorrhea after using counterpressure massage methods and warm compresses on female students in junior high school in the city of Cimahi. The design used in this study was quantitative by observational method using two groups of posttest pretest designs without control. The subjects of the study were 240 female students from 3 junior high schools in Cimahi City who were visited by primary dysmenorrhea, using total sampling. Respondents were divided into 2 groups, namely massage suppressing groups and warm compress groups. The study was carried out for 4 cycles of dysmenorrhea. Data analysis which is different from the independent mean with the t test. The results showed that there was a large scale before and after warm compresses, with a value of p = 0,000 (p <0.05) and there was a decrease in the scale of pain before and after massage with a value of p = 0,000 (p> 0, 05). The results of the study can be duplicated and are very efficient and massage can reduce the scale of dysmenorrhoea pain. Non-pharmacological treatments for hot compresses and counterpressure massages can be used by middle school students to reduce the scale of dysmenorrhoea pain.


Objective To investigate the risk factors for development of post-renal-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) and its precaution. Methods Clinical data of 237 patients undergoing renal transplant from Jan 2002 to July 2006 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were divided into 2 groups: PTDM group (22 cases) and control group (215 cases). Variables were analyzed using t-test and chi-square analysis methods. Logistic regression analysis was done to rank the relative risk of potential variables and calculate the 95% CI. Results 22 (9.3%) PTDM patients were diagnosed. Cumulative incidence of PTDM at the first year postransplant were 5.1%. Univariate and logistic regression analysis revealed that the risk factors(RR, 95% CI) for PTDM were age over 40 years(1.08;1.02~1.14; P= 0.007), acute rejection episodes(26.9; 5.61~129.8; P0.001) and cumulative dosage of steroids(1.54; 1.21~1.96; P0.001). Conclusions PTDM is a common allograft complication in the renal transplant recipients and has its onset mostly within the first year after transplant. PTDM must be emphatically monitored and treated in time during this period. Age over 40 years, rejection and subsequent increase of cumulative dosage of steroids are independent risk factors for the development of PTDM.


A super absorbent based on 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane-sulfonic acid (AMPS) and acrylic acid has been successfully prepared in aqueous solution using sodium persulfate-sodium bisulfate as a redox initiator,methylene bisacrylamide as cross-linking agent.The optimum conditions are as follows:x(AMPS)=35%,neutralization degree of acrylamido=80%,w(redox initiator)=0.1%,w(cross-linking agent)=0.08%.(Under) the optimum conditions the ability of absorbing water by the resin increases by 550 and that of absorbing NaCl(0.9%) solution increases by 59.


The utility model relates to chemical production equipment, and provides a bag type dust collector, which is fine in filtering effect, capable of effectively filtering harmful substances in waste gas and provided with reusable filter bags. The bag type dust collector comprises a box, a collection hopper and a support, the box is arranged on the support, the collection hopper is arranged below the box and communicated with the box, the cross section of the collection hopper is gradually reduced from top to bottom, a discharge outlet is arranged at the lower end of the collection hopper, a gas inlet is arranged on the lower portion of the box, and at least one filter bag is arranged in the box. The bag type dust collector is characterized in that each filter bag is a hollow filter cylinder comprising an inner hollow tube and an outer filter mesh, and a hollow activated carbon fiber core is arranged between the inner hollow tube and the outer filter mesh.


Objective To investigate the medical documents filling status and explore the correlation between the number of missing items in medical documents and patients' satisfaction.Methods Patients of department of respiratory medicine in West China Hospital of Sichuan University were investigated.We investigated the completion of medical documents and counted the number of missing items.And we designed satisfaction survey content and satisfaction questionnaire to survey patient satisfaction.The number of medical documents missing items impacting on patient satisfaction was analyzed.Results The study included 151 patients and 126 copies of medical documents which had various degrees of filling defects,accounting for 83.44% of the total investigated,and the mean number of missing items was 11.58 ± 11.63.Overall satisfaction score was 6.85,which had a significant negative correlation with the number of defects of medical documents(R= 0.602,P=0.001).Patients' gender,age,education,methods of payment and hospitalization days did not show significant influence on patient satisfaction.Conclusions The quality of medical instruments is not high and the more lacked medical documents items,the lower the patients' satisfaction is.We need to strengthen the emphasis of medical personnel in medical documents completion quality.


In plant unclear genome,the intergenic spacer region(IGS) is located on the region of 18S–28S and is often used in phylogenetic analysis among species,detecting intra-specific polymorphisms. Rice(Oryza sativa L.) is differentiated into not only some subspecies but also many ecotypes of these subspecies. Can the IGS region be a useful tool to study the phylogenetic rela-tionships among these cultivars of Oryza sativa? In the study,a comparative analysis of the rDNA intergenic spacer entire se-quences of thirteen cultivars in Oryza sativa L. was carried out with O. rufipogon as outgroup. In the cultivars used,there were six for typical O. sativa ssp. japonica,five for typical O. sativa ssp. indica,two for O. sativa ssp. javanica. The result indicated that the length range of IGS sequences was from 2 130 to 2 145 bp,the content of G+C varied from 74.59% to 75.29%,there were 229 variational loci which were 10.70% of entire bases and 76 informative loci which were 3.51% of entire bases in Oryza sativa. Thirty-eight indica and japonica specific loci were found in the IGS sequences of Oryza sativa,most of them were covered a about 400 bp segment located in the upstream of IGS sequence. The indica and japonica subspecies of Oryza sativa,as well as some closely related cultivars,can be discriminated clearly based on the phylogenetic tree constructed by IGS sequences. The study supported the opinion that the O.sativa ssp.javanica is a subspecies of Oryza sativa.


Supersymmetric hadrons of the type $\tg\tg$, $\tg g$ and $\tg q\bar q$ could exist depending on the masses of the gluino and the squarks being in an appropriate range of values. We find the energy levels of $\tg g$ and $\tg q\bar q$ bound states (where $q$ denotes a light quark, $u$, $d$ or $s$), as well as the strong interaction transition rates among them, using a Heavy Gluino Effective Theory, much in the same spirit as the well-known Heavy Quark Effective Theory. The results are obtained with greater ease and elegance in comparison to other approaches.


This paper proposes a sliding mode observer for voltage sensorless grid-connected converter. The grid angular position required to the synchronous frame transformations is obtained through the estimated line voltage derived from a sliding mode grid current observer combined with a positive sequence separator. Simulations and experimental results demonstrated the simplicity and good performance of the proposed voltage sensorless approach.


The delay-locked loop, with its applications to radar, sonar, seismic propagation studies and interferometry, is a basic geoscience instrument. This paper presents the theory and investigates the performance of the delay-locked loop with and without clipping in a noisy (Gaussian) environment. The signal processing required to produce an appropriate error characteristic is derived and the significant factors affecting system operation are presented in the form of a normalized model. When signal clipping is introduced, a delay tracking system is shown to result that is self-adjusting and capable of providing near optimum performance in varying signal/ noise environments. Application is made to the tracking of a research submersible randomly exploring the ocean floor. The dual problem of continuously tracking the peak spectral frequency of a random process exhibiting a slowly changing resonance is also considered.


Abstract The nutritional status of 281 children in the age group of 2-4 years belonging to families residing on pavements and in squatter settlements along the roadsides of Jaipur city was assessed in terms of nutrient intakes. The mean intakes of energy, total fat, calcium, iron, carotenes, vitamin A, riboflavin, niacin and ascorbic acid were below the RDAs, except for protein and thiamin intakes. No statistically significant differences in the nutrient intakes of boys and girls were observed.


Summary The distribution of vitamin A in the kidney was investigated autoradi-ographically. Three hours after intravenous administration of [11, 12-3H]retinyl acetate to vitamin A-deficient rats, the vast majority of the label was present in cells of the proximal convoluted tubules. A very small number of endothelial cells in the medulla and interstitial cells in the cortex were also labeled. The evidence strongly suggests that the proximal convoluted tubule is the major renal site for vitamin A localization. The precise role the kidney plays in overall vitamin A metabolism remains uncertain.


DIC (Disseminated intravascular coagulation) in a patient with undifferenciated adenocarcinoma of the submandibular gland was reported.The patient was a 74-year-old man referred to our hospital because of swelling at the right submandibular region.DIC was found hematologically eight days after radiation. The platelet count decreased to 65×103/μl, fibrinogen decreased to 164 mg/ml and fibrin and fibrinogen degradation produsts (FDP) increased to 40μg/ml.At first treatment was daily performed with continuous heparin-drip (12, 000 U/day), and then gabexate mesilate (1, 200 mg/day) was administrated during 29 days. As a result of this treatment, hemostatic improvement was obtained.Discussion was also made concerning the diagnosis, treatment and cause of DIC and in addition the reports of DIC in oral and maxillofacial surgery were reviewed.


Objective To evaluate the predictive and early monitoring value of DWMRI on rectal cancer regression grade(RCRG) of concurrent radiotherapy in patients with primary rectal carcinoma,and to investigate the correlation between tumor ADC values and histopathologic changes.Methods Fiftyone patients with primary rectal carcinoma undergoing preoperative chemoradiation were recruited in the study.Diffusion weight imaging(DWI)was performed pretreatment and preoperation of all patients.GE 1.5T MR scanner with an 8-channel body phase-array coil was used.The mean ADC values of the tumor region was calculated and compared with the postsurgical histopathologic RCRG. Results The mean ADC value in RCRG1 group with good response(1.11±0.12)and RCRG2 group with moderate response (1.18±0.15)were lower than that in RCRG3 group with poor response(1.31±0.18)before onset of chemoradiation(F=5.353,RCRG1 vs.RCRG3,p=0.002;RCRG2 vs.RCRG3, p=0.019;RCRG1 vs.RCRG2,p0.05).Tumor Necrosis,inflammation,cytonuclear Atypia were significantly different among all RCRG groups(p0.05).Conclusion ADC value can reflect the different among RCRG groups. Good response group has obvious atypia,and that indicated tumor cells more vulnerable to radiation and chemotherapy,easily leaded to apoptosis and necrosis.


A conical Euler code was developed to study unsteady vortex-dominated flows about rolling, highly swept delta wings undergoing either forced motions or free-to-roll motions that include active roll suppression. The flow solver of the code involves a multistage, Runge-Kutta time-stepping scheme that uses a cell-centered, finite-volume, spatial discretization of the Euler equations on an unstructured grid of triangles. The code allows for the additional analysis of the free-to-roll case by simultaneously integrating in time the rigid-body equation of motion with the governing flow equations. Results are presented for a delta wing with a 75 degree swept, sharp leading edge at a free-stream Mach number of 1.2 and at 10 degrees, 20 degrees, and 30 degrees angle of attack alpha. At the lower angles of attack (10 degrees and 20 degrees), forced-harmonic analyses indicate that the rolling-moment coefficients provide a positive damping, which is verified by free-to-roll calculations. In contrast, at the higher angle of attack (30 degrees), a forced-harmonic analysis indicates that the rolling-moment coefficient provides negative damping at the small roll amplitudes. A free-to-roll calculation for this case produces an initially divergent response, but as the amplitude of motion grows with time, the response transitions to a wing-rock type of limit cycle oscillation, which is characteristic of highly swept delta wings. This limit cycle oscillation may be actively suppressed through the use of a rate-feedback control law and antisymmetrically deflected leading-edge flaps. Descriptions of the conical Euler flow solver and the free-to-roll analysis are included in this report. Results are presented that demonstrate how the systematic analysis of the forced response of the delta wing can be used to predict the stable, neutrally stable, and unstable free response of the delta wing. These results also give insight into the flow physics associated with unsteady vortical flows about delta wings undergoing forced motions and free-to-roll motions, including the active suppression of the wing-rock type phenomenon. The conical Euler methodology developed is directly extendable to three-dimensional calculations.


The present invention is intended to provide a bio-interface membrane for use with an implantable device, to prevent the formation of a barrier cell layer, thereby forming a foreign matter response (FBR) layer. Innermost FBR layer (40) is generally constructed from macrophages and foreign body giant cells (41), it is formed over the entire surface (48A) of the membrane (48). Intermediate FBR layer (42) is composed mainly, because the fiber blast (43) fiber and the matrix (44). Outermost FBR layer (46), along with the support tissue adhesion, to interfere with the barrier cell formation. In addition, the present invention provides a sensor and provided with a bio-interface membrane, such implantable devices and provided with a sensor or biointerfaces membrane such, as was used implantable device according analyte detection according to the present invention, in a host the observation method glucose level of, bring.


The 100-acre site of the Soldiers' and Sailors' Home was divided in to three parts. This photograph shows a portion of the eastern third of the campus. The two buildings on the left are members' cottages, and the third structure is the Administration Building. The smoke stacks and water tower in the background are part of the Home's campus.


Till now there is a huge research had in the field of visual information retrieval, but with the growth of data and with less processing speed we are not meeting the needs of current problem. The main focus of this paper is to identify the objects with salient features and object highlighting. Till now object identification is done with the pixel based or with the region based. Different methodologies are compared in this work and they will be processed with the learning work. Multi scale contrast is one of the pixel based technology where object borders are identified but not the object. This can be done with the histogram contrast. Still it is not covering all the features of the object and it is not clear in identifying the objects at high contrast regions. To solve this issue region based contrasting method is used which is the better solution for all this object identification. After extracting the features and identifying the object, now auto classification or identification of the object should be done. The other part of the work mainly concentrates on the learning system which uses most popular neural network algorithms. Identifying the drawbacks of neural network algorithms and proposing the new methodology identify the objects is done in this paper. Keywords-component; Visual attention model, saliency model, Region based, Pixel, Histogram __________________________________________________*****_________________________________________________


We propose a new support vector machine (SVM) based method that improves the time series classication in magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We exploit the robust anisotropic diusion (RAD) tech- nique to increase the classication performance of the one class support vector machine by taking into account the hypothesis of spatial relation- ship between active voxels. The proposed method was called Diuse One


Abstract This paper is concerned with simulated aircraft tracking, using a pressure joystick and a control law which contains position, velocity and acceleration terms. Two experiments are described in which optimum values for these terms are derived for different target motions. Two different control laws are then defined. From the evidence of the experiments one would expect one of these laws to be well suited to targets with small angular accelerations, and the other to targets with accelerations which are relatively large. This expectation is confirmed when the two control laws are compared under normal laboratory conditions and under conditions of extra task loading. It is concluded that the optimum values of control law constants depend on target motion characteristics, and some general relationships between the former and the latter are pointed out.


Abstract Vertical heat transport through thermal convection of the earth's atmosphere is investigated from a thermodynamic viewpoint. The postulate for convection considered here is that the global-mean state of the atmosphere is stabilized at a state of maximum entropy increase in a whole system through convective transport of sensible and latent heat from the earth's surface into outer space. Results of an investigation using a simple vertical gray atmosphere show the existence of a unique set of vertical distributions of air temperature and of convective and radiative heat fluxes that represents a state of maximum entropy increase and that resembles the present earth. It is suggested that the global-mean state of the atmospheric convection of the earth, and that of other planets, is stabilized so as to increase entropy in the universe at a possible maximum rate.


This document defines a recommended suite of Jabber/XMPP protocols to be supported by intermediate instant messaging and presence applications. Note: This protocol suite has been obsoleted by XEP-0213 and XEP-0216.


It is appropriate to make a legal, psychological, sociological and economic analysis of the current status of aesthetic plastic surgery in Colombia and how it is influenced with diverse factors, such as culture, social pressure, and media, among others. What was mentioned before, shows how the human desire ends up generating the wish of getting aesthetic procedures in order to modify their physical appearance. As well, it is necessary to analyze the development of the professional practice of aesthetic surgery in Colombia as the legal regulation of it, taking into account that our country is a standard bearer in Latin America in the accomplishment of this type of procedures.


The heat for a DC resistance divider hinders long-term reliability,and is a key factor in measurement accuracy,especially in the higher working current.This paper combined experimental and simulation methods,found one kind of solution,designed one kind of DC resistance divider structure which take the high thermal conductivity solid material as the dielectric,carried on the temperature field calculation and the temperature measurement test,and provided the foundation for the development DC electronic voltage transformers product.


The paper analyses the impact of the factor of trust on the structure of media discourse. The study is based on the texts published in the German newspaper «Die Zeit». The chosen texts reflect public, political and media agenda of the present days. In the analysis, trust is interpreted as both a cognitive and discursive phenomenon, because it influences conceptualization of knowledge about the world in the process of media text generation and perception. It also plays a significant role in the choice of particular discourse strategies and selecting ways of achieving specific cognitive and communicative aims. The notion of trust as a cognitive factor can partially explain why fake news has become so effective in the modern mass media discourse. The texts of fake news are constructed in such a way that the recipient trusts them and the media source until the content of the messages and evolving view of the situation are in compliance with the worldview already existing in the recipient's mind. The explanatory force of the phenomenon under discussion can be related not only to media discourse, but to other formats of discourse as well. © 2018 Published by Future Academy www.FutureAcademy.org.UK


Introduction: Sexual activity (SA) is an important component of quality of life and of concern for many patients with myocardial infarction (MI). Available data showed that the frequency of SA decreased one year after an MI, however, the general patterns were relatively stable overall. Although SA may be a trigger of an MI in very few cases, the association between SA before MI and the onset of a subsequent adverse cardiovascular disease event (CVD-event) has not been evaluated so far. Hypothesis: Frequency of SA during the 12-months prior to an MI is not associated with risk of subsequent adverse CVD-event. Methods: Prospective cohort study in CHD patients aged 30-70 years undergoing an in-patient rehabilitation program after an incident MI due to CHD. SA frequency (including masturbation) during the 12-months prior to the MI was evaluated by means of a standardized questionnaire. A Cox-proportional hazards model was used to determine the association of frequency of SA on subsequent adverse CVD-events (n...


With the increase of the installed capacity in the progress of industrialization,quantities of current with harmonic wave were induced due to the greater amount of power equipment and electron devices.Thus the social effects of endangerment resulted from the aberrance of voltage sine wave and the decline of power submultiples.First,this article theoretically points out the mechanism,endangerment and controllability concerned with harmonic wave.Second based on a practical example used to control harmonic wave,it introduces ways of collecting data and analyzing components of harmonic-wave current.This article also brings forward controlling schemes for harmonic-wave by means of analyzing the distribution of frequency spectrum and such power quality parameters as harmonic-wave current and voltage aberrance rate with an expectation of the reasonable and economical use of electricity energy at the best.


From July 1995 to July 1998 the Institute for Agrobotany conducted a series of missions to collect samples of wild relatives of wheat and rye in Hungary. The genetic diversity represented by jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica) and annual wild rye (Secale sylvestre) populations in different parts of Hungary was studied to obtain information on the existing variation. These species occur from mountainous regions to the plainis in Hungary. Seven accessions of Aegilops cylindrica and twelve accessions of Secale sylvestre were studied. Analysis of variance on morphological characters from collected materials showed significant differences for length of ear, number of grains/ear and seed mass. Electrophoretic analysis of storage proteins was conducted on extracts from single seeds using polyacrylamid gel systems (A-PAGE and SDS-PAGE). Variation was detected and documented in gliadin and secalin patterns. The number of accessions of jointed goatgrass and annual wild rye in our study was limited, therefore conclusions related to genetic diversity should be considered as preliminary. This research will be expanded to other populations in Hungary to characterize the actual genetic variation of these species in order to develop effective in situ conservation strategy and monitoring.


Marriage preparation course (Kursus Calon Pengantin – Suscatin) is a short course for engaged couples about domestic life. Legal basis for this course is Regulation from General Director of Islamic Community Guidance No DJ.II/491 Year 2009 renewed by No DJ.II/542 Year 2013. Therefore, the course is basically an effort made by the government – BP4 – to provide the couple with skill and psychological provision to overcome marriage problems. Thus, the idea of loving, affection and compassion in marriage may be achieved and at the same time also to realize a harmonious society and to avoid family conflict and divorce. Theoretically, materials of the marriage preparation course by Office of Religious Affairs (KUA) are comprehensive, covering: rules and procedures of marriage; religious knowledge; marriage and family laws and regulations; rights and obligations of husband and wife; female reproduction health; family management; and also psychology of marriage and family. Unfortunately, the practice of the course has become a mere formality.


The purpose of this study is to measure the time of tap action on a desk as accurately as possible using a mobile device, such as a smartphone and a tablet PC, placed on the desk. The existing method recognizes a tap based on whether the acceleration exceeds a threshold value. In addition, a waiting time is added after the tap judgment. However, this method often misjudges more taps when the user taps hard or taps continuously at high speed. Therefore, in this paper, we propose three new methods to solve this misjudgment problem by using the amplitude of sequential acceleration data and tap sound data: TIA (Threshold and Immediately preceding period for Amplitude), TIAA (Threshold, Immediately preceding period. and Attenuation for Amplitude), and TIAAS (Threshold, Immediately preceding period, and Attenuation for Acceleration and Sound wave). TIA uses the input wave amplitude threshold to find the time at which a tap may occur. TIA then checks the input wave for the last several milliseconds to determine if it was tapped at that time. TIAA uses the amplitude threshold of an input wave like TIA and the degree of attenuation for amplitude after the tap time. TIAAS uses the amplitude threshold of the sound for $d$ seconds after the time the tap is recognized by TIAA for z-axis acceleration. The experimental results show that TIA for sound amplitude and TIAAS recognize a tap more accurately than the existing method.


Increase on demands for lower latency, pervasive connectivity, higher throughput, and more capacity has an exponential trend. To meet the demands is to put to use all spectrum resources we have and all of the technology capable of 'multiplying' it. This asks for a dynamic, responsive regulation that will set free the inappropriately allocated and underutilised spectrum bands, and not by designing a new band plan but with a continuous dynamic engagement aimed at optimising spectrum use by sharing it. Finally, it asks for a readiness to share from the stakeholders' community and their awareness of spectrum recyclability, inherent to the nature of the resource. These claims arise from the analyses and discussions in this thesis, focused around investigating the missing enablers of sharing and making the case for building the culture of spectrum sharing. We answer the main question of how to build the culture of spectrum sharing as an enabler of sustainable dynamic spectrum sharing systems by gradually answering its subquestions in each chapter. The complex ecosystem formed around the spectrum resource is captured in a comprehensive multi-domain conceptual framework based on sharing economies, and analysed using interdisciplinary research methodology. Engineering research methods are coupled with social science research methods, theories of regulation, and philosophical methods of interpretation and exposition. For example, geospatial analysis is used simultaneously with historiographic method and Lawrence Lessig's pathetic dot theory while portraying the context in the enstranged form of Socratic dialogues. A case study performed on the currently most advanced spectrum sharing framework, Citizens Broadband Radio Service (CBRS) provides the data for analysis and the venue for the conclusions which can be generalised, as the findings are universal. The content analysis of the CBRS rulemaking proceeding revealed the differences between sharing and traditional bands. Geospatial and licensing analysis uncovered the challenges of geographic licensing for spectrum sharing in the CBRS band. The analysis of the balance of the forces that regulate sharing behaviour in the band diagnosed the imbalance and offered a way forward: the mechanism to build the culture of spectrum sharing. Based on the culture building mechanisms and findings from the multi-domain analysis, an underlying philosophy of the future spectrum sharing economy is proposed. A futuristic scenario with spectrum management based on sharing features machine-enabled regulation, great reliance on data, wide appreciation of spectrum nature and the ubiquitous mechanisms of meaningful incentivisation and sharing culture.


Significance Metabolic engineering is an economically feasible and sustainable alternative for the production of natural products, pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, flavors, and fragrances. Of the model systems used to demonstrate and develop this approach, the anticancer agent Taxol stands out for its structural complexity and therapeutic value. A major challenge for the biosynthesis of Taxol and many other natural products is the involvement of cytochrome P450-mediated oxygenation. P450 enzymes are intransigent to functional heterologous expression, especially in Escherichia coli, leading many laboratories to abandon this organism when engineering P450-containing pathways. Here, through a series of optimizations, we demonstrate E. coli as a viable host for P450-mediated oxidative chemistry, advancing Taxol's biosynthesis through a fivefold increase in oxygenated terpene titers. Recent advances in metabolic engineering have demonstrated the potential to exploit biological chemistry for the synthesis of complex molecules. Much of the progress to date has leveraged increasingly precise genetic tools to control the transcription and translation of enzymes for superior biosynthetic pathway performance. However, applying these approaches and principles to the synthesis of more complex natural products will require a new set of tools for enabling various classes of metabolic chemistries (i.e., cyclization, oxygenation, glycosylation, and halogenation) in vivo. Of these diverse chemistries, oxygenation is one of the most challenging and pivotal for the synthesis of complex natural products. Here, using Taxol as a model system, we use nature's favored oxygenase, the cytochrome P450, to perform high-level oxygenation chemistry in Escherichia coli. An unexpected coupling of P450 expression and the expression of upstream pathway enzymes was discovered and identified as a key obstacle for functional oxidative chemistry. By optimizing P450 expression, reductase partner interactions, and N-terminal modifications, we achieved the highest reported titer of oxygenated taxanes (∼570 ± 45 mg/L) in E. coli. Altogether, this study establishes E. coli as a tractable host for P450 chemistry, highlights the potential magnitude of protein interdependency in the context of synthetic biology and metabolic engineering, and points to a promising future for the microbial synthesis of complex chemical entities.


Reveals the fact that China's current exchange rate regime has been pegging at the USD in practice though nominally it is administrated via a controllable floating exchange rate regime. Analyzes the problems of the current exchange rate regime as follows. Either the demand or the supply doesn't reflect those individuals who intend to participate in the exchange rate market. The cost to maintain the current exchange rate is rather high and the factors affecting the current exchange rate is rather single. The exchange rate market is lacking in both dealers and sorts of exchangeable currencies. The adjusting mechanism of exchange rate is imperfect and currency policy is restricted to a certain extent. Some operable measures/policies are therefore suggested to take, such as increasing the flexibility of exchange rate, reforming the systems of exchange settlement and surrender, changing the current exchange rate regime from pegging singly USD to pegging a basket of mixed currencies and forming an effective transmission mechanism for both exchange rate and interest rate.


The present invention discloses a reasonable structure, combined sealing, a highly reliable power cable elbow connector plug. A connector comprising a outer elbow, lug transverse pin and retaining clip, the connector is pressed by the outer elbow inner, intermediate and outer layers were made of three different silicone rubber material; elbow-shaped upper portion within an outer sleeve tapered, which taper and an outer sleeve fitted and fixed switchgear, funnel-shaped lower portion, and a cable with an inner bore, an outer elbow outer ground through the ground conductor hole; lug provided in the elbow-shaped inner jacket corner, an upper horizontal lugs screwed plug: the outer elbow connector also provided with a fixing sleeve and connected to the clamp.


Effective data warehouse design requires a conceptual modeling phase. This paper describes a data warehouse design method based on the conceptual, logical and physical levels. The conceptual phase creates an UML model. To this end, UML is enriched with multidimensional concepts. The logical phase maps the enriched UML model into a multidimensional one. The physical phase maps the multidimensional model into a database schema, depending on the target ROLAP or MOLAP tool. Our method consists in (1) the metamodels used at each design step, including the unified multidimensional metamodel (2) a set of transformations defined on the concepts of these metamodels, facilitating the design process. We present the metamodels and transformations, and illustrate the formal specification of the transformations with OMG's Object Constraint Language (OCL). We apply our method to a case study and compare it to the state-of-the-art.


An experiment on established multi-storied fruit garden (coconut + litchi + sweet orange+ pineapple) was conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Raikhali, BARI, Rangamati Hill District from January 2009 to December 2012. The sole garden of each fruit crop was also made. In multi-storied fruit garden each fruit crop was taken as one treatment and its sole garden, as another treatment. Light availability for litchi, sweet orange and pine apple were about 55% less than that for the sole crop of the respective fruits and for the coconut tree as sole and in the multi-storey fruit garden. The shade provided by coconut tree helped producing quality sweet orange fruit. The growth of the pineapple plant was positively influenced by the shade and as a result maximum individual fruit was obtained compared to sole crop. The equivalent yield of each fruit crop was higher than its sole crop. The land equivalent ratio for multi-strata fruit garden was 2.6. The maximum gross margin of Tk.12,47,083.19 per ha/year and the highest BCR of 6.79 were obtained from multi-stored fruit garden.


Optimizing the dynamic range of active filters through filter network optimization can lead to significant savings in chip area and power consumption. By restricting the filters to be ladder filters, it is possible to limit the complexity of the optimized networks.


Wireless mesh networking has been a very hot research topic in recent years. Large Cyber-Physical Systems, such as community health/security-monitoring networks and vehicle communication networks, are using wireless mesh network technology to build data transmission infrastructure. In this paper we study the problem of generating broadcasting trees in a given community mesh network. The target is to generate a broadcasting tree for each Base Station, and all the wireless links in the network should be evenly used. This will not only decrease the congestion but also increase the survivability of the whole network. We propose several algorithms for computing broadcasting trees that can achieve good congestion performance, both simulation data and theoretic analysis will be presented to support our result.


The shuffle-exchange network has been proposed as a popular architecture for multistage interconnection networks. In 1991, Padmanabhan introduced the generalized shuffle-exchange network (GSEN) and proposed an efficient routing algorithm. Later, Chen et al. further enhanced the GSEN with bidirectional links and proposed the bidirectional GSEN (BGSEN). A BGSEN consists of the forward and the backward network. Based on the idea of inversely using the control tag generated by Padmanabhan's algorithm, Chen et al. proposed a routing algorithm for the backward network. Recently, Chen and Lou also proposed a routing algorithm for the backward network. It should be noted, however, that Padmanabhan's algorithm is actually an explicit formula for computing the control tag for routing and takes only O(1) time. Neither the algorithm of Chen et al. nor the algorithm of Chen and Lou provides an explicit formula for computing the control tag for routing and both algorithms take at least Ω(n) time, where n + 1 is the number of stages in the BGSEN. This paper attempts to propose an explicit formula for computing the control tag for routing in the backward network. We will demonstrate how this formula greatly simplifies the computation process and how it leads to efficient routing algorithms. In particular, an O(1)-time one-to-one routing algorithm and an efficient routing-table construction algorithm have been proposed.


Retrospective analysis of the long-term results of a study of quality of life in patients with locally advanced breast cancer w survival and disease progression after 3-5 years revealed that the quality of life in patients with recurrence substantially differed from that in those with good long-term results of treatment practically on all SF-36 scales.


Filterbank Multicarrier (FBMC) modulations based on OQAM (FBMC/OQAM) have become a promising alternative to conventional OFDM because of their higher spectral efficiency and their improved selectivity in the frequency domain. Unfortunately, the orthogonality of these modulations is lost when the channel presents strong frequency selectivity, meaning that the channel response cannot be approximated as frequency flat within each subcarrier bandwidth. In this paper, this effect is analyzed in the massive MIMO setting, whereby the number of transmit and receive antennas is asymptotically large (but not as large as the number of subcarriers). It is formally shown that, under these asymptotic conditions, the output mean squared error (MSE) at each subcarrier converges to a constant independent of the subcarrier index. This was previously referred to as "self-equalization" principle in the FBMC/OQAM literature. It is demonstrated here that this phenomenon is a direct consequence of channel hardening effect in large scale MIMO configurations.


Abstract The ocean's overturning circulation and associated heat transport are divided into contributions based on water mass ventilation from 1) shallow overturning within the wind-driven subtropical gyres to the base of the thermocline, 2) overturning into the intermediate depth layer (500–2000 m) in the North Atlantic and North Pacific, and 3) overturning into the deep layers in the North Atlantic (Nordic Seas overflows) and around Antarctica. The contribution to South Pacific and Indian heat transport from the Indonesian Throughflow is separated from that of the subtropical gyres and is small. A shallow overturning heat transport of 0.6 PW dominates the 0.8-PW total heat transport at 24°N in the North Pacific but carries only 0.1–0.4 PW of the 1.3-PW total in the North Atlantic at 24°N. Shallow overturning heat transports in the Southern Hemisphere are also poleward: −0.2 to −0.3 PW southward across 30°S in each of the Pacific and Indian Oceans but only −0.1 PW in the South Atlantic. Intermediate wate...


In paper the evenness of planar distribution of mass in a small scale is called formation (orbetter:mass formation). Traditionally formation has been assessed visually, by looking the sheet of paper against transmitted light. Different kinds of optieal testers are being usd to obtain quantitative rankings htat would be independent of the observer but would well correspond to the visual assessment. However, various raw-material and process factors do influence light trans-mittance in paper and do impair the correspondence between basis weight and the optical formation measurement (or visual assessment). As the optical formation test methods do not incorporate an efficient calib ration routine, the formation of the sophisticated paper grades of today the is rather difficult to measure optically and may lead to erroneous results. It may be concluded that the optical measurement is not suitable for paper grades with high filler content. coating, heavy calendering or that are made of heavily beaten pulp, nordoes it apply for dyed or printed papers. For this reason, visual assessment and optical evaluation shoild be replaced with a measurement that gives reliable results independent on paper grode and manufacturing process. Formation measuremend based on beta radiation is suitable for all paper grades regardless to the material contents or process treatment. It is possible to measure even dyed or printed samples. Thonks to a sim ple and relioble calibration, the results are converted to real basis weight balues that remain reliable even with time. The only beta tester commercially available is the AMBERTEC Beta Formation Tester. Formation of paper does vary locally in the web. Typically there exists a formation profile, too similarly to other properties of paper. Therefore, formation should ? ays be expressed as a mean of a sufficient amount of parallel determinations. All formation measurements should be calibrated against basis weight.


Objective To evaluate the antifungal activities of amphotericin B (AMB) combination with azithromycin (AZI) and other antifungal agents against 30 strains of Aspergillums fumigatus in vitro, so as to guide rational use of antifungals against invasive aspergillosis. Methods The M38-A method recommended by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute was used to detect antifungal activity of the combination application of antifungal drugs. Results The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of voriconazole (VRC), caspofungin(CBF), itraconazole (ICZ) and AMB against Asperillus fumigatus was 0.29μg/mL, 0.45μg/mL, 0.52μg/mL and 0.55μg/mL, respectively. Asperillus fumigatus were all resistant to terbinafine, fluorocytosin-5 (5-FC), fluconazole(FCZ) and AZI. The total percentages of synergistic activity for AMB + ICZ, AMB + VRC, AMB + CBF, and AMB + 5-FC was 96.67%, 90.00%, 83.33% and 50.00% respectively. Conclusion Aspergillus fumigatus were highly sensitive to AMB, ICZ, VRC and CBF, but resistant to AZI and FCZ; The combination of AMB+ ICZ, AMB+ VRC, AMB + CBF and AMB + 5-FC displayed a synergistic activity. The combination of AMB and other antifungals can be chosen for invasive aspergillosis.


Dahmen and Schmeding have obtained the result that although the smooth Lie group G of real analytic diffeomorphisms S 1. → S 1. has a compatible analytic manifold structure, it does not make G a real analytic Lie group since the group multiplication is not real analytic. The authors considered this result "surprising" for the applied concept of infinite -dimensional real analyticity for maps E → F , defined by the property that locally a holomorphic extension EC → FC exist. In this note we show that this type of real analyticity is quite rare for composition maps f φ : x 7→ φ ◦ x when φ is real analytic. Specifically, we show that the smooth Fréchet space map f φ : C (R) → C (R) for real analytic φ : R → R is real analytic in the above sense only if φ is the restriction to R of some entire function C → C . We also discuss the possibility of proving that the set of these "admissible" functions φ be "small " in the space A (R) of real analytic functions either in the Baire categorical sense, or in the measure theoretic sense of shyness. For maps f : E ⊇ U → F , understood as triplets f̃ = (E , F , f ) with U = dom f , where E and F are real Hausdorff locally convex spaces and f is a function between the underlying sets, there are several possibilities to reasonably define real analyticity of f̃ . One is that of the "convenient calculus" developed in [ 15 ; p. 97 ff. ] . Another possibility is to represent f locally in some sense as a limit of partial sums of "power series". A third possibility is to require locally existence of some "holomorphic" extension Ecx → F cx between the complexifications, cf. [ 5 ; pp. 51 – 52 ] . This third approach further divides into several possibilities according to what kind of concept of holomorphy one chooses to use, cf. [ 1 ] and [ 16 ] . In this note, we shall use that third approach with holomorphy defined as meaning being C ∞ between complex Hausdorff locally convex spaces in the sense of [ 6 ] with topological vector spaces being interpreted as convergence vector spaces as explained there on page 236. We let C Π ∞(C) denote the class of thus obtained holomorphic maps f̃ . As explained in [ 6 ; Remarks 0.12 , p. 241 ] for real scalars, noting that taking C in place of R in the required proofs does not change anything essential, our concept of holomorphy is precisely the same as that in [ 3 ; p. 23 ] . Hence also our associated real analyticity is precisely the same as there. See further [ 7 ; Theorem 3.8 , pp. 14 , 18 ] for the case where F is Mackey complete. Let us say that f̃ is conveniently real analytic in the case where f : dom f → F is real analytic in the sense of [ 15 ; Definition 10.3 , p. 102 ] . For E in the class LCS (R) of all real Hausdorff locally convex spaces, we let Ecx denote the complexification as explained in [ 3 ; A 2, p. 23 ] . Hence then Ecx ∈ LCS ( C) holds, and for the underlying sets we have υs (Ecx) = υsE × υsE . 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 46T20 , 46T25 , 46G20 ; Secondary 46G05 , 46G12.


The purpose of this study was to describe a modified technique for humeral head core decompression using biplanar fluoroscopy and intraosseous pressure monitoring to identify osteonecrotic regions for targeted decompression. A bone marrow biopsy needle and arterial pressure monitoring equipment were used to locate the region of maximum pressure, and then acorn-style reamers decompressed the osteonecrotic bone. In 12 shoulders (11 patients) evaluated, the peak intramedullary lesion pressure was, on average, 6 times higher than the entry pressure. At 6 months, Visual Analog Scale pain scores had decreased in all shoulders by 70.3% (P < 0.0001) on average. Nine of 12 shoulders, with an average follow-up of 44.2 months (range, 12-72.5 months), were evaluated for pain relief, disease progression, and need for arthroplasty. In that group, Visual Analog Scale pain scores had decreased by 56.8% (P < 0.008) on average. Only 1 patient, despite excellent initial results, had progression of symptoms and required arthroplasty at 12 months. Pressure-guided core decompression provides a technique for directly localizing the osteonecrotic bone and potentially improving decompression outcomes.


Clearance studies under appropriate conditions of urate loading and osmotic diuresis yielded Curate/GFR ratios > 1.10 in both Dalmatian and non-Dalmatian dogs, indicating tubular secretion of urate. In the purebred Dalmatian, stop-flow studies (U/Purate: U/Pcreatinine ratios) localized peak net urate secretion to the proximal segment, with a second, lesser peak in the distal segment. Both peaks were abolished by probenecid and, in massive dosage, by PAH, yielding ratios < 1. In the mongrel dog, stop-flow studies showed maximal net tubular reabsorption of urate in the proximal segment, peak net tubular secretion of urate in the distal segment. Proximal urate secretion was not demonstrated but may have been masked by preponderant urate reabsorption. It is suggested that, as in man, renal regulation of urate excretion in the dog involves glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption (deficient but still demonstrable in the Dalmatian) and tubular secretion (ordinarily masked by preponderant reabsorption in the ...


Palladium-based catalysts are attractive for methane combustion on natural gas vehicles at low temperature. By means of ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, we investigated the reacti...


The firmness of five strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa Duch.) varieties was determined by penetrometric method using a motorized materials testing device equipped with a 100-N load cell and a probe 6.4 mm (0.252 inches) in diameter. Maximum and mean forces and instant of yield point were recorded with the aim of testing the suitability of these three parameters for the assessment of fruit firmness, i.e., handling and transportation tolerance. The maximum and mean force data revealed significant differences among varieties, but instant of yield point was not reliable measurement in this test arrangement. Maximum force was the best parameter for the assessment of firmness.


Greenhouses were characterized and evaluated for their functionality in the municipality of Chignahuapan, Puebla; in a census, 31 producers were interviewed representing 100 % of greenhouse during the 2011 season. Initially exploratory trips were made and a questionnaire was applied to producers and greenhouse owners. From the information obtained, five classifications of greenhouse were determined by cluster analysis, one corresponding to multitunnel type and the rest are multitunnel with fixed roof window, differentiated by their production technology as padded plastics, hydroponics, heating and irrigation. According to their classification, significant differences in tomato yield were found. Similarly, indicators of functionality: length, width, height, volume and surface square meters greenhouse window, showed a significant correlation with performance. From these results we can develop and implement strategies that lead to better management of greenhouses, as well as the implementation of new agricultural techniques to improve yields of crop systems.


This paper presents methodology and results of a methodological evaluation of the research capital of Czech economics departments and research institutions, and of the research performance of individual economists in the Czech Republic, as measured by publication history and citation records in international databases, and weighted using so-called journal's impact factors.


Tests have been performed in a conventional low speed wind tunnel using a linear array of microphones to measure the received source level of a speaker projecting within the test section. Conventional, or delay and sum beamforming (CBF), and adaptive beamforming (ABF) have been employed to determine the source bearing and the received source level. Both narrow‐band and broadband sources were used, with two different array configurations and several array orientations. The results show that ABF can be used in such an environment and that it rejects much of the multipath. Consequently more accurate broadband measurements are obtained with ABF than with CBF.


An active and reusable heterogeneous Rh(I) organometal catalyst (Rh(I)-PMO-3D) was synthesized by template-directed co-condensation of Rh[PPh2(CH2)2Si(OCH2CH3)3]3Cl and (CH3CH2O)3SiPhSi(OCH2CH3)3. This catalyst displayed bicontinuous cubic Ia3d mesostructure channel, which ensured the high dispersion of Rh(I) active sites and the convenient diffusion of reactant molecules into the pore channels. Meanwhile, the Ph-functionalization could enhance the surface hydrophobicity, which promoted the adsorption of organic reactant molecules on the catalyst, especially in aqueous medium. During water-medium 1,4-conjugate addition reactions, Rh(I)-PMO-3D catalyst exhibits higher catalytic activity than the corresponding homogeneous Rh(I) catalyst and could be used repetitively for more than five times, showing a good potential in industrial applications.


Taking non-agricultural population and fixed assets investment as inputs,and comprehensive level of urbanization as output,urbanization efficiency of regions in Shandong Province are calculated using data during 2002-2011and SFA method,and the spatial structure is discussed by cluster analysis.The results show that the urbanization efficiency of Shandong Province grows steadily,and there is obvious spatial structure feature of point-line-surface.Qingdao,Jinan and regions along the Jiaoji railway are high points and high line in Shandong.Industrial base,government behavior and infrastructure can promote urbanization efficiency.Optimizing the environment,strengthening the leading role of high points and line,and promoting positive interaction among regions are proposed to achieve the overall co-development of the urbanization efficiency in Shandong.


The paper is devoted to the application of dramatization technology in foreign language teaching in order to develop general cultural, spiritual and moral value orientations among students. The purpose of this study was to prove the effectiveness of the use of dramatization technology as a means of developing students' value orientations in the process of learning a foreign language. To study the methods of this pedagogical technology, a review and analysis of psychological, pedagogical and methodological literature was conducted followed by a brief survey among foreign language teachers and students of the Theater Faculty of the Samara Institute of Culture. The results of the survey were used to clarify the most significant cultural values among the interviewees, as well as to determine the interest of the Theater Faculty students in the use of dramatization techniques during the study of a foreign language. To confirm the hypothesis and further practical implementation of the conclusions, a theatrical project "Gallop across Europe. From Aeschylus to Brecht", which involved the 2 year students of the Theater Faculty, was staged. The material for the dramatic production was excerpts from five works of classical foreign literature, which most fully reflected the purpose of the study. It was concluded that the didactic potential of dramatization technology is not limited exclusively to the development of language skills, but can be effectively used for formation of students' value orientations.


This paper aims to identify the obstacles to attracting "quality" foreign direct investment (FDI) in middle-skill manufacturing activities, so as to inform an action-agenda for policies that will help developing and emerging market economies to link into global supply chains while building backward linkages deep into their own economies. The evidence reviewed here shows positive benefits from external advice and support in creating supplier data-bases, setting up qualification and certification programs, training talent scouts and brokers, and forming financing programs backed by purchase agreements from foreign buyers. Thus, in the contemporary era in which trade and investment are increasingly intimately linked, support for developing and emerging market economies to use quality FDI to upgrade and diversify their production and export bases – and to develop reliable and competitive supply chains deep into the local economy – is the new frontier for assistance from the developed countries and multilateral community looking to the future.


Caregiver burden has been associated with patient dementia. In this study we tested the hypothesis that caregiver burden and depression are related to patient cognitive impairment. We analyzed records of 127 elderly male patients from a Veterans hospital geriatrics referral clinic. The patients and their informal caregivers had been referred to the clinic because the complexity and multiplicity of their problems were beyond the treatment capability of other clinics. There was a high prevalence of dementia (73%) and depression (69%) in these patients according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM‐III) criteria.


Over the past century in the United States, social change has been marked by struggles over public problems of reproduction—not simply over the solutions of particular problems but over the authority to define reproduction, morality, and human nature itself. These struggles attended the emergence and growth of professionalization and they are an important part of a dynamic resistance to dominance by experts. In this context, the question of professional responsibility is an urgent one. John Dewey offers help, both through his criticism of the mind/body dualism and the spectator view of knowledge, and through his understanding of the importance of democracy in resolving social problems.


The distribution and propagation by seed of species with recalcitrant seed storage behaviour requires knowledge of the lowest safe moisture content before desiccation damages seed survival. These values were comparatively high and varied amongst the forest tree species Castanea sativa (58%), Quercus cerris (40-47.5%) and Quercus ilex (44%) (Fagaceae) collected at one site in one year. Relations between lower seed moisture contents and viability (radicle emergence) were sigmoidal and quantified by logistic curves, with Q. ilex showing the smallest seed-to-seed variation.


In construction and use of nuclear power plants we could see the cycles of ups and downs. These cycles are connected to regional political situations, financial crisis, natural disasters and accidents in power plants. Use of atomic energy is mainly an economic question but, due to consequences of involuntary radiation from this form of energy, also political question. Nuclear power plants operation post numerous problems about their safety and security. All these questions are short term questions and concern only the generation that gains from their production. And all these questions could be resolved at the time they arise and with the use of knowledge available at that time. Greater problem presents the question of radioactive waste management. Radioactive waste problem would affect not only the generation that gains from nuclear power plants production but also some next generations that wouldn't have any gains from the power plant. The main question about radioactive waste is whether such material should be treated as a waste or a secondary raw material. Some things which from today's technology are treated as a waste, tomorrow could be reused. One of the law-political question is the appropriate regulation of radioactive waste management and its storage or disposal. Because of high costs (including the environmental rent) of radioactive waste management, there is a tendency to promote shared radwaste repositories for several countries. This tendency is seen also in EU directives that regulate the radioactive waste. Submission is divided in four parts. First part presents the regulation of radioactive waste management within international legal system. It displays main principles and ideas of radioactive waste management within international agreements and EU regulations. Second part deals with conflict between the obligation of safe radioactive waste management and right of local population to clean and safe living environment. This part presents also court cases from European court of human rights (from here on ECHR) that deals with the right to clean environment. There are more and more court decisions in which ECHR recognizes that one of basic human rights is also a right to clean and safe environment. So these cases could mean the difficulties to find the proper location for the power plant and also the repository. Third part deals with the ideal of shared radwaste repositories. Such idea could be tempting, because the costs of building and maintaining such repository could be lower than in a cases where each county (even with small nuclear program) make its own repository. On the other hand such solutions could hide some troubles. There is a mismatch between the conventions and international agreements that regulate responsibility for environmental damage and conventions and agreements that allow the possibility for common repositories. Problem is presented also through analysis of bilateral agreement between Slovenia and Croatia in the field of responsibility for nuclear waste from Krško's power plant. Fourth part deals with the possible legal solutions that could solve the abovementioned mismatch.


The aim of this work was to study the influence of the Al2O3 surface modification 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) on the properties of green and sintered ceramic bodies. As a reference, non-modified Al2O3 was used in the research. The modified Al2O3 powder was characterized with TEM and thermal analysis coupled with mass spectrometry. The rheological behaviour of slurries containing modified and non-modified alumina powder was measured, as well as the properties of green bodies. The proposed surface modification enables the production of green ceramic samples with homogeneous microstructure, high mechanical strength and high density. Sintered materials presented high density and favourable values for Vickers hardness. The obtained results showed that the presence of HEA on the powder surface partially prevents the negative effect of oxygen inhibition during gelcasting of alumina. Oxygen inhibition is a well-known problem in gelcasting but has still not been fully overcome for samples formed in an air atmosphere.


Fog radio access network (F-RAN) has the significant advantages of local radio signal processing, cooperative radio resource management, and distributed storage capability to tackle the massive users demand at the edge. However, due to constrained fronthaul capacity, achieving ultra-low latency for emerging cellular networks is still challenging. This paper focuses on alleviating the heavy burden on fronthaul and achieving ultra-low latency by proposing a loosely coupled architecture in the F-RAN where a large number of F-RAN nodes are able to participate in joint distributed computing and content sharing regardless of nearness communication by satisfying the minimum latency demand. A mixed-integer nonlinear programming problem is formulated to achieve the ultra-low latency under the constraint of fronthaul capacity and computing capability of each F-RAN node. To solve this problem, a joint distributed computing scheme and a distributed content sharing scheme are proposed with the greedy algorithm to find a sub-optimal solution, in which the weighted minimum mean square error approach is adopted to optimize the transmission rate. Numerical results reveal that the ultra-low latency can be achieved in F-RANs by properly utilizing the loosely coupled architecture.


To investigate the pathological entities of punctate echogenic foci (PEF) by correlating PEF with histopathological features of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).


Abstract Background Loss of tumour suppressor genes (TSGs), TP53, PTEN and Rb are common in advanced prostate cancer. They are associated with worse outcomes in hormone-resistant prostate cancer. However, the prognostic value of TSGs loss in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) is unknown. Therefore we sought to evaluate the prognostic value of TSGs loss on progression-free survival (PFS) in mHSPC. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of patients with mHSPC treated at Mayo Clinic Arizona between 2015 and 2018. Clinical characteristics, first-line treatment, and TSGs alterations were recorded. TSG-altered (TSG-alt) was defined as an alteration in ≥ 1 TSG (TP53, PTEN or Rb). Demographics and clinical characteristics were compared between groups by chi-square test for frequency data or Kruskal Wallis rank-sum test for continuous measures. PFS was estimated based on the Kaplan-Meier method and compared between groups by the log-rank test. Results 59 patients with mHSPC were included. 41 (69%) patients received first-line treatment with abiraterone and 18 (31%) patients with docetaxel. 32 patients (54%) had TSG-alt. 20 patients (39%) had damage to 1 TSG, 11 patients (19%) had damage to 2 TSGs, and 1 patient had damage to all 3. Clinical characteristics, prior locoregional treatment, and metastatic disease on diagnosis were similar between TSG-alt and TSG-normal groups. The rate of damaging alterations to the genes was: TP53 21 patients (35.6%), PTEN 21 patients (35.6%), and Rb 3 patients (5.1%). Median PFS was 33.2 mos (95% CI 23.1-NE) for TSG-normal versus 19.7 mos (95% CI 14.4-30.0) for TSG-alt, p = 0.005. There was no difference in PFS between having 1 TSG alteration (18.4 mos; 95% CI 14.7 - NE) vs ≥ 2 TSG alterations (21.8 mos; 95% CI 10.6 - NE) or between first-line treatments with abiraterone (20.2 mos; 95% CI 14.7-35.1) vs docetaxel (19.6 mos; 95% CI 8.0 - NE) in those with TSG-alt. Conclusions Loss of TSGs function is common in patients with mHSPC, and is prognostic for early progression during first-line treatment. The presence of ≥ 1 TSG-alt indicates an adverse prognostic impact in mHSPC. Confirmation of these findings may establish the need for inclusion of molecular stratification when defining high risk mHSPC patients. Legal entity responsible for the study Mayo Clinic Cancer Center. Funding Has not received any funding. Disclosure All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.


Key message Question: How would you treat acute life-threatening pulmonary thromboembolism occurring in nephrotic patients? Finding: A 16-year-old woman with minimal change-associated nephrotic syndrome presented with cardiac arrest caused by an acute bilateral pulmonary thromboembolism. Her hemodyna mics stabilized with resolution of thrombi while on venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and systemic heparinization. Meaning: In selected cases, ECMO with systemic heparinization may rescue patients from acute life-threatening pulmonary throm boembolism even without reperfusion therapy.


The project was initiated to counter the degrading effects on natural systems of altered fire regimes. Before the project, the Kimberley's fire patterns were dominated by frequent extensive wildfires in the midto-late dry season – which contributed to observed biodiversity losses, degradation of ecological processes and cultural values, and reduced pastoral production. EcoFire aims to restore biodiversity, pastoral and cultural values by reducing the incidence of these fires in the central and north Kimberley. It achieves this through strategic coordinated regional fire management across the 14 properties (5 million ha). Each year, the effectiveness of EcoFire in decreasing the size of unplanned fires and increasing the patchwork of burnt and unburnt areas across the region is examined. Fire patterns are compared against five targets to measure whether the goal of less intense and patchier fires is being achieved. To date, EcoFire's prescribed burn programme has resulted in a substantial change to regional fire patterns. After just 1 year, improvements were achieved in all five targets including shifting more fires into the early rather than the mid-to-late dry season (i.e. 41% of all fires occurred early in the dry season during 2007, compared with 4–27% in the previous three years), and decreasing the average size of mid-late dry season fires. This was accomplished by an aerial prescribed burning programme, excellent on-ground knowledge of conditions and fire histories, and full participation by landowners and managers in the project areas. The success of the project has relied on having a coordinated and strategic approach to fire management; clear measureable outcomes; successful engagement by participants with diverse interests and backgrounds (including frequent and personal communication and encouragement of ownership); productive partnerships with state and local government agencies; employment of a project leader who is a member of the community; and the flexibility to allow participants with various backgrounds (pastoralist, indigenous, conservation managers) to approach fire management differently. EcoFire is funded by the Natural Heritage Trust via the Rangelands Natural Resource Management Coordinating Group, who contracted the Australian Wildlife Conservancy (AWC) to undertake the project. Given the widespread concern about changed fire regimes and biodiversity, the popularity of the project in the region, and the potential for capitalizing on greenhouse gas emission reductions, AWC anticipates sourcing funding to continue this project indefinitely.


The utility model discloses an integral core roller rolling ring die. The integral core roller rolling ring die is characterized by comprising a core roller and a die body which are in threaded connection; the die body comprises a hollow cylinder body and a flange with blades on two surfaces; the cylinder body is arranged in the middle part of the flange, and two ends of the flange are symmetrically arranged at the lower axial end of the cylinder body and have taper; the rolling ring die is arranged at the inner side of an annular forge piece. The integral core roller rolling ring die has the beneficial effects that the core roller and the die body are in threaded connection by positioning through a shaft shoulder; the structure is simple, and the dismounting and mounting are convenient; the production of irregular ring forge pieces applies; the production cost of the irregular ring force pieces can be reduced; the working efficiency can be increased; the structure is simple and practical.


The phloem exudation technique using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) was evaluated In studies of amino acid translocation in Pisum sativnm L. seedlngs. Exudation of phloem sap from cut petioles of fuily expanded leaves was enhanced by EDTA (20 millimolar disodium salt [pH 7.01). Amino acids (mainly asparagine, homoserine, glutamate, and also aspartate and serine) were present in petiole exudates from EDTA-treated leaves at levels which were commonly 5- to 10-fold (or more) higher compared with water-treated controls. Exudation was greater from darkened leaves, and the pattern of amino acids was markedly different from the more uniform mixture leaking from water-treated controls. After feeding 'C-labeled amino acids to the leaf blade, distribution of radioactivity in components of the exudate differed from that of the leaf tissue, suggesting selectivity of amino acid loading. 1'ClAsparagine was converted to 2-hydroxysuccinamic acid and to other amino acids by the leaf, but was recovered in exudate mainly as asparagine (60%) and aspartate (30%). SImilarly, in the exudate, 65 to 70% of the label from 114CI-aspartate was in amino acids, although in the leaf tissue 50% was in the organic acid fraction and only 11% remained as aspartate. Metabolism of asparagine and aspartate was essentially the same in intact leaf blades as in EDTA-treated leaves. Despite the possibility of EDTA damage in the petiole, phloem loading of amino acids appeared to be relatively unimpaired. the of labeled material appearing in the exudate is less than the amount translocated in the intact plant, the technique is useful in the study of amino acid transport.


This paper analyzes the spatial and temporal dynamics of high technology industry of China from 2000 to 2013 by using information entropy, concentration ratio, Theil index, spatial concentration ratio, and Local Moran I index. Revenue from Principal Business of high technology industry data are collected from China statistic yearbooks. The results indicate that the structure and the distribution of high technology industries have become stable since 2009. Manufacturers of Electronic Equipment and Communication Equipment industry, Manufacturers of Computer and Office Equipment, and Medical and Pharmaceutical Products Manufacturing industries are the main high technology industries in China. In spatial, there emerge 3 first level high technology industry spatial cluster centers, Pearl River delta, Yangtze River delta, and Bohai Bay, and 2 second level high technology industry spatial cluster centers, Yangtze River economic belt, and the Chen-Yu-Xi-Kun economic ring.


This paper base on electromagnetism valve technology, the intake valves of a car driven by electromagnetic valve, by cooperating average torque of engine with prototype by 6000 RPM engine, then found that the average torque can be increased by 5.679% after changing the intake valves with electromagnetic valves. The increasing torque contributed to increasing the air intake in the opening stage and off stage improved, and provided a theoretical basis for the promotion of the electromagnetic variable valve in automotive.


Abstract Motivated by a result of Mochizuki [Mochizuki, H. (1965). Finitistic global dimension for rings. Pacific J. Math.15(1):249–258] that, for a left perfect ring R with Jacobson radical if and only if R is right self-injective, we prove here that, for a semiperfect ring R with essential right socle S r , (1) R is right FP-injective if every R-homomorphism from a finitely generated small submodule of a free right R-module F to S r can be extended to an R-homomorphism from F to R, (2) R is right simple-injective if every R-homomorphism from a small right ideal of R to R with simple image can be extended to an R-homomorphism from R to R, and (3) R is right self-injective if every R-homomorphism from a small right ideal of R to R can be extended to an R-homomorphism from R to R. As consequences, several known results on right self-injective rings, right FP-injective rings and right simple-injective rings are extended to larger classes of rings.


The use of dual damascene patterning for integration of Cu with low-k dielectric films has introduced new challenges for plasma etch processes. With a via-first dual damascene approach, an important issue for trench etch is defect formation (i.e., oxide ridges) around vias which can degrade device reliability. The use of low-k films as the dielectric material adds additional complexity and more limitation on the etch process parameters. This article discusses the development of etch processes that meet the special requirements for Cu/low-k dual damascene trench etch. All experiments were conducted in a medium-density TEL dipole ring magnet system. The dielectric film used here was an organosilicate glass (OSG). Using C4F8/N2/Ar chemistry, a trade-off was observed between etch rate and oxide ridge formation. The N2:Ar ratio was found to be the key parameter in controlling the severity of the oxide ridges, but eliminating the ridges using the N2:Ar ratio resulted in a low OSG etch rate and poor throughput. ...


There are various designs of tools and equipment used for harvesting the crops and threshing it separately. Sickles, hand tools and reapers for grain crops and diggers for tuber crops and rhizomes, operated with different power sources are used. Combine harvesters, both tractor mounted and self-propelled, are being very widely used for different grain crops. Functional requirements and principles of working of tools and equipment for harvesting and threshing are given below:


Network virtualization with bandwidth guarantee is essential for the performance predictability of cloud applications because of the shared multi-tenant nature of the cloud. Several virtual network abstractions have been proposed for the tenants to specify and reserve their virtual clusters with bandwidth guarantee. However, they require pre-determined fixed cluster size and bandwidth, and do not support the scaling of the cluster in size and bandwidth requirements. On the other hand, the existing works on virtual cluster scaling focus on dynamically adjusting the cluster size without considering any bandwidth guarantee targeted by current network abstractions. To fill the gap, this paper considers the problem of scaling up a virtual network abstraction with bandwidth guarantee. Efficient algorithms are proposed to find the valid allocation for the scaled cluster abstraction with optimization on the VM locality of the cluster. We also point out the case that a virtual cluster cannot be scaled without changing its original VM placement, and propose an optimal allocation algorithm that exploits the VM migration to address this issue while minimizing the total migration cost for the virtual cluster scaling. Extensive simulations demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our algorithms.


A method of determining battery power capability may include: determining a circuit model for a battery, including a first resistance (r1) in series with a second resistance (r2) and a capacitance (C) in parallel; setting upper and lower limits for r1, r2 and C based on a battery temperature a battery state of charge or both; applying an EKF to determine r1, r2 and C within the set upper and lower limits; and outputting the battery power capability based on r1, r2 and C. The upper and lower limits may be adjusted based on the age of the battery.