The framespace interpolation algorithm abstracts motion sequences as 1D signals, and interpolates between them to create higher dimension signals, with weights drawn from a user specified curve in a bounded region. We reformulate the algorithm to achieve motion‐state based transition via dynamic warping of framespaces and automatic transition timing via framespace frequency interpolation. Basis motions displaying diverse coordination configurations between upper and lower body‐halves, cannot be consistently corresponded at a macro level. We address this problem here, through decoupled blending of these halves to achieve true consistency, and eliminate accumulated phase differences via cosine phase warp functions. This generalization enables interpolation of motions with diverse coordinations between the upper and lower bodies.


An ethical firestorm has erupted as scientists prepare to build the world's largest genetic database. The study, which will contain DNA samples from 500,000 adults in Britain, will examine genetic factors that account for cancer, heart disease, and Alzheimer's, to name a few. The $84 million Population Biomedical Collection won't get off the ground until late next year because researchers insist on drawing extensive data collection and analyzation protocols, causing concern over patients' confidentiality and what access drug companies should have to the information. The study, to be conducted in the London area, will be the largest and the most ethnically diverse ever conducted.


AFM investigations of surface relief of thermal treated thin films of modified banana-shaped compound–bis-{3,4,5-tri[4-(4′-nonyloxy-benzoyloxy)]benzoylamino}-1,3-phenylene (I)–in crystalline phase and films obtained by spin coating or Langmuir-Blodgett methods from chloroform solution without thermal treatment were carried out. It was determined that the thin films' surface topology of the compound I in the crystalline phase depends essentially on the way of the film preparation and filming process.


The question of property rights of Orthodox Estonians as well as the problem of coexistence of the two parallel Church jurisdictions on the Estonian territory remains unresolved to the present day, despite the regular meetings conducted and agreements reached. The relations between the Moscow and Constantinople Patriarchates on the Estonian issue have reached an impasse. The article presents and analyzes the chronology of the dissent in the Estonian Orthodox Church (EOC) from the perspective of the actions of the Moscow and Constantinople Patriarchates. This allows us to take a glance at the history of the dissent from a special angle in light of the relations between the two Patriarchates in order to identify the features of the strategy of the two Patriarchates, to note the main turning points in this relationship, to estimate the role of the Constantinople Patriarchate in the events related to the split of the EOC as a wholeas well as to propose ways out of the conflict, which is being exacerbated at this time. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that the problem of the dissent in the Estonian Orthodox Church is considered only against the background of the analysis of the actions of the Moscow and Constantinople Patriarchates. The connection is established between the events of 20-70s of the 20th century which preceded the dissent in the 1990s as well as the direct intervention of Constantinople Patriarchate in the EOC activity in the 1990s. For a research on the designated topic for the first time are used materials (as historical sources) from the archives of the Chancellery of the Estonian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate. Based on the results of the study, the author comes to the conclusion that the dissent in the EOC was provoked by the Constantinople Patriarchate, whose campaign to seize some parts of the Estonian Orthodox Church was carried out with the tacit approval of the Estonian government circles. In this regard, the author sees a way out of the created crisis only in close cooperation between the Church and the state, namely at the level of the governments of Estonia and Russia.


Previous studies have shown a significant reduction of prepulse inhibition of startle in boys with primary nocturnal enuresis. Those enuretic boys who had higher IQs showed less prepulse inhibition. This study evaluates the association of prepulse inhibition and IQ in primary nocturnal enuresis in respect to family history of primary nocturnal enuresis. Prepulse inhibition of startle was studied in 83 boys with primary nocturnal enuresis and 57 non‐enuretic boys using an interval of 120 ms between the onset of a 75 dB 1000 Hz tone and a 104 dB noise burst. Of the boys with primary nocturnal enuresis, 56 had a family history of primary nocturnal enuresis and 27 had no family history (no first‐degree relative). Of the 57 non‐enuretic boys, 42 also had no family history (no first‐degree relative) of primary nocturnal enuresis, while 15 did have a positive family history. Associations between prepulse inhibition and IQ scores were compared among these four groups. Strong and significant associations between prepulse inhibition deficit and higher IQ scores in the enuretic group with familial primary nocturnal enuresis were unique in comparison to the other groups.


Though most Frank Norris scholars dismiss the author's early gothic works as insignificant elements of the Norris canon, I argue that this frequently ignored juvenilia is essential to understanding Norris's unique development as an American Naturalist Norris, like other authors o f his generation, was caught up in a boyhood enthusiasm for the Middle Ages which was initiated and nurtured by a similar nostalgia for the period among the American elite in the late nineteenth-century. This post-medieval nostalgia for medieval convention came to be known as medievalism and its enthusiasts were called medievalists. Norris's early naturalistic writings, including a number o f poems and the . short stories "Le Jongleur de Taillebois" and "Lauth," are rooted in his interest in medieval culture and custom and are combined with his enthusiasm for popular Darwinism that was fashionable in late nineteenth-century America. This unlikely combination of interests formed an odd hybrid genre o f medievally-inspired naturalism that was especially dark and brutal, and foreshadowed the bleak naturalism in his early novels Vandover and the Brute and McTeague. This medievalist/naturalist m otif is uniquely Norrisian and I show, through a collection o f Norris's essays, the direct relationship in Norris's mind between the medieval and natural worlds as he understood them. Norris's mature application o f medievalism is most obvious in his last two novels, The Octopus and The Pit. I example medievalism in The Pit extensively, citing the courtly love structure o f the Jadwin/Laura/Corthell vii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. triangle, with a special focus on Jadwin. who Norris characterizes throughout the novel as a warring feudal lord whose modem battleground is the Chicago Trading Pit for Future Exchanges. I dissert that Frank Norris never abandoned his enthusiasm for the culture and custom of the Middle Ages, as is often suggested by Norris critics. I show that as his writing matured, his boyhood interest in the medieval period was ameliorated into a sophisticated application o f contemporary medievalism through which he could voice social commentary that condemned existing Old World traditions, such as courtly love conventions and feudal power structures, as impediments to the modernization o f the New World.


We investigate a one-dimensional wire of interacting electrons connected to one-dimensional noninteracting leads in the absence and in the presence of a backscattering potential. The ballistic wire separates the charge and spin parts of an incident electron even in the noninteracting leads. The Fourier transform of nonlocal correlation functions is computed for $T\ensuremath{\gg}\ensuremath{\omega}$. In particular, this allows to study the proximity effect, related to the Andreev reflection. In addition, a new type of proximity effect emerges when the wire has normally a tendency towards Wigner crystal formation. The latter is suppressed by the leads below a space-dependent crossover temperature; it gets dominated everywhere by the ${2k}_{F}$ charge-density wave at $Tl{L}^{(3/2)(K\ensuremath{-}1)}$ for short-range interactions with parameter $Kl1/3$. The lowest-order renormalization equations of a weak backscattering potential are derived explicitly at finite temperature. A perturbative expression for the conductance in the presence of a potential with arbitrary spatial extension is given. It depends on the interactions, but is also affected by the noninteracting leads, especially for very repulsive interactions, $Kl1/3$. This leads to various regimes, depending on temperature and on $K$. For randomly distributed weak impurities, the conductance fluctuations, equal to that of $\mathcal{R}=g\ensuremath{-}{2e}^{2}/h$, are computed. They depend on the interaction parameters, and are different for electrons with or without spin. But the ratio $\mathrm{Var}(\mathcal{R})/{\mathcal{R}}^{2}$ stays always of the same order: it is equal to ${L}_{T}/L\ensuremath{\ll}1$ in the high-temperature limit, then saturates at $1/2$ in the low-temperature limit, indicating that the relative fluctuations of $\mathcal{R}$ are universal.


The article is devoted to the analysis of changes in the traditional understanding of law under the influence of digital technologies. The individual components of law are considered in the aspect of the impact on them of modern realities. The article highlights the problems of the functioning of law and indicates the importance of their solution.


This chapter presents the change in teaching and learning practices in reading that take different types of formats: personalised (for example, individualised instruction), collaborative (for example, students' peer discussion) or teacher-directed (for example, teacher reading to the whole class). The change within countries is presented as an increase or decrease in the share of students exposed to the practice. The percentage point change is also expressed as a standardised effect size in the final table.


In order to establish annual variations in the marine ecosystem of the East China Sea, suspended solids (SSs) and particulate organic carbon (POC) were extensively investigated in the northern part of the East China Sea from August 2003 to April 2008. Surface SS concentrations showed large spatial variations in spring and fall, but not in summer. Surface SS concentrations in spring were lower than those in summer and fall. In summer, SSs discharged from Changjiang were mostly deposited in the coastal areas and did not reach our study area which was located about 260 km from the river mouth. High SS concentrations were observed near the bottom, which resulted from resuspension of bottom sediments by the bottom currents. Surface POC concentrations did not exhibited large seasonal variations. Phytoplankton biomass was a main factor controlling surface POC concentrations. POC/chlorophyll ratios showed large seasonal variations, with maximum numbers in summer. POC/PON ratios were higher in summer than the Redfield ratio (6.6), while they were lower in spring and fall. In summer, higher POC/chlorophyll and POC/PON ratios were probably attributed to the high phytoplankton mortality caused by nutrient depletion in surface waters.


Methods for preparing the oxycodone is provided. The method comprises the hydrogenation of 14-hydroxycodeinone salt in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid and / or glycols.


Previous stable isotope methods for estimating the synthesis of glutathione have utilized a labeled version of one of the three amino acids with the assumption that the precursor enrichment of the amino acid in plasma is equivalent to the precursor enrichment at the site of synthesis. We developed a method for estimating GSH synthesis using deuterated water (D2O). New Zealand rabbits received intraperitoneal injection of deuterated saline calculated to result in 4–5% enrichment of total body water. Drinking water was enriched to 5% D2O. Blood samples were drawn and the experiment was terminated at various times over a two‐week period. Liver samples were obtained at the termination of the experiment. Hepatic and erythrocyte GSH labeling kinetics were obtained by LC/MS using the N ethylmaleimide derivative of GSH. When body water was 4.7% D2O, the labeling of erythrocyte and hepatic GSH increased to a plateau value corresponding to a 14% enrichment at M+1. This corresponds to the exchange of 6–7 of the 10 exchangeable H with the D enriched water during synthesis. We developed a probability‐based model to estimate the exchangeable H. Labeling kinetics indicated that the fractional synthesis rate of erythrocyte GSH was 4.3 %/ day, identical to the value found with 13C cysteine as tracer. Our studies indicate that GSH synthesis from D2O could be estimated in human subjects at D2O enrichment of 1%. The advantages of D2O to estimate glutathione synthesis are that no assumptions of amino acid labeling are required and the kinetics maybe evaluated over many days noninvasively and inexpensively.


This two-course, two-semester, interdisciplinary learning community for first-year students focuses on race, ethnicity, and related matters in the twenty-first century United States. Students take a special section of SOAN 121 ("Introduction to Sociology") and a special section of Writing 111. The thoroughly integrated curriculum of these sections bridges the humanities and the social sciences, offering students a deep and broad engagement with race and ethnicity in the contemporary world.


Abstract A design and a convenient approach for the synthesis of novel N-sulfonyl-2-diphenylmethylsulfinylacetamidines have been demonstrated by starting from benzhydrylsulfanylacetic (BSA) acid. This approach involves a sequential amidation with amines, thionation with Lawesson's reagent, iminosulfonylation with sulfonyl azides, and oxidation of sulfide fragment with hydrogen peroxide. The key step of this transformation (reaction of thioamides with sulfonyl azides) was carried out either in ethanol or in the absence of any solvent. The synthesized compounds were tested in cells for inhibition of dopamine transporter. Among the synthesized compounds, two products were found to be in a similar range of activity as the well-known dopamine transporter inhibitor, modafinil.


In tumors, a mix of blood vessels, cancer cells, support cells, and more communicate through a subtle ebb and flow of biochemical signals. These complex interactions play a key role in whether a tumor will respond to a drug and whether and when a cancer cell will escape, travel elsewhere in the body, and form another tumor—a process called metastasis. For scientists, these environments are devilishly difficult to mimic in lab models of cancer. Now, researchers have used 3-D printing to mimic the complex biochemistry and cellular interactions of the tumor microenvironment. They hope to use these models to study the underlying biology of metastasis and to test new drugs (Adv. Mater. 2019, DOI: 10.1002/adma.201806899). Angela Panoskaltsis-Mortari, a research professor at the University of Minnesota Medical School, and University of Minnesota mechanical engineer Michael C. McAlpine lined microfluidic channels with blood vessel cells that mimic the blood vessels in tumors


Catalytic effect of liquid alkali as NaOH,KOH,Na2CO3,K2CO3 to synthesize polyglycerol was compared,then NaOH was impregnated on support and prepared NaOH/γ-Al2O3 solid alkali,the effect of the NaOH loading on the degree of polymerization of the polyglycerin were investigated.The performance of catalysts was characterized by Hammett indicator and CO2-TPD methods.The results showed that NaOH was better than other liquid alkali as catalyst.And under the conditions,the calcination temperature was 600 ℃ and the load amount of 40% polymerization degree of the polyglycerin was to 6.5,so solid base could instead of liquid alkali to synthesize polyglycerol.


The causal link between transportation infrastructure capital and economic activity has been almost a tenant of faith among transportation professionals. Railways were vital for frontier development as well as for market and political integration in both Canada and the United States. This paper provides a capsule summary of an approach to measuring the link between public infrastructure capital and economic activity and the findings and controversies that occur. The aim of the paper is to investigate statistically the causal relationship between public infrastructure capital of different types of variations in provincial GDP over time.


This paper examines whether investors care more about trading their exact quantity demands at some times than at others. Using a new data set of foreign-exchange transactions, I find that customers trade more precise quantities at quarter-end, as evidenced by less trade-size clustering. Customers trade more odd lots and fewer round lots, while the number of trades and total volume are not significantly changed. I also find that the price impact of order flow is greater when customers care more about trading precise quantities. This work sheds new light on trade-size clustering and offers a potential explanation for time-series and cross-sectional variations in common liquidity measures.


The practicability of modulating the change of grand surface illumination shined by the artificial light to jamming television-guided weapons was analyzed.First,the paper analyzed theoretically the impact on target radiation characteristics of artificial light;Second,the hardware-in-the-loop simulation system to test television-guided was built,and the edge evaluation principle and the ratio of related-maximum value evaluation principle for jamming effectiveness were constructed;Last,based on the hardware-in-the-loop simulation system,the test of jamming automatic gain control process and auto focusing process was done and assessed.The experimental results show that different ways of light modulation cause varying degrees of jamming to TV guidance.


The use of Indonesian in Interfaith Marriage Invitation Letter is one of the interesting topics to be researched study. This study took a sample of the population and the ongoing wedding invitation letters in 2012, amounting to sixteen wedding invitation letter, especially those located in the region of West Denpasar. This study aims to describe the variation and the use of Indonesian in a wedding invitation letter, describing the meaning contained in the letter wedding invitations, and describe the relation between language letter of invitation to the seven functions of language according to Halliday. The theory used is, semantic theory, the theory of the standard language, descriptive theory, theory perspective, grammatical, words, and spelling. At the stage of data collection used the method of observation (observation) with technical note. Linguistic variation and the use of Indonesian in the invitation letter marriage, is a form of language variation used every religion (Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, and Buddhism) in the opening sentence of the cover letter and wedding invitations. Furthermore, the use of Indonesian component linking the use of paragraphs, sentences, words, and spelling. In the analysis of meaning, the meaning of the analyzed data in the form of messages each sentence in a wedding invitation letter, the meaning of formal, semiformal meaning, the meaning of informal (familiar), meaning a promise, meaning clarity of the topic, the meaning of hope, meaning thank you, and religious meaning. But the meaning of the eight analysis, there is a meaning that is not contained in the letter of the wedding invitation, that is the meaning of informal (familiar). Furthermore, in connection with the use of language -related invitation letters to the seven functions of language according to Halliday, the instrumental function, regulation, interaction, personal, heuristic, imaginative, and reps. Of the seven functions of language, the heuristic function does not have relevance in the use of language wedding invitation letter, because the heuristic function is the use of language that is used to acquire knowledge .


This article makes explication on the research scope and normal research procedure of con-tent analysis method,analyzes the applications of content analysis method on the information of network public opinion.This paper has established a reasonable framework for analyzing the information of net-work public opinion,predicts the dissemination effects and changing trends of the network public opin-ion.Refs 13.


[reaction: see text] Irradiation of homonaphthoquinones with spiro-linked dibenzocycloheptene rings brings about the Norrish type II reaction to give polycyclic alcohols via a stereospecific 1,7-hydrogen abstraction of the less stable twist-boat conformer.


Due to limited bandwidth of communication channel,it is necessary to control the bit rate of video coding output.This paper proposes the estimation of initial value of QP and macroblock layer rate control.In the computation of initial value of QP, this paper proposes bpp,entropy and gradient as an estimate of the complexity of the image.It calculates the initial value of QP through this way.Meanwhile,this paper improves the prediction of MAD by using motion vector and the MAD gradient.Thus,it can achieve the control of the bit rate more effectively.The simulation results show that compared with the algorithms of H.264 reference software JM11.0,the proposed algorithm enhances the PSNR and is closer to the target bit.


The study was designed to observe the effects of surgical stress on serum level of cortisol in patients undergoing surgical treatment and to find out any differences in hormonal response between elective and emergency surgical procedures. A total number of 60 male subjects aged between 18 and 45 years were included in the study. Of them, 20 were healthy control (Group I), 20 underwent elective surgical treatment (Group II) and emergency surgical interventions were applied in rest 20 subjects (Group III). Study Groups were further divided into subgroups A (preoperative samples were collected 1- hour before operation), B (postoperative samples were collected 1-hour after the end of the operation) and C (postoperative samples were collected 24-hours after operation).Serum cortisol level was estimated by invitro-immunolytic test.Statistical analysis was done by paired, unpaired 't' test and regression analysis. The preoperative mean serum cortisol concentration in elective surgical cases was almost similar to that of healthy control. On the contrary, in the emergency surgical cases, a significantly increased mean cortisol level were observed (I vs IIIA and IIA vs IIIA; P Key Words: Stress; Cortisol; Surgery DOI:10.3329/jbsp.v2i0.981 J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2007 Dec;(2): 28-33.


Pointed gourd (Trichosanthes dioica Roxb., Cucurbitaceae) is a tropical vegetable crop with origin in the Indian subcontinent. It is known by the name of parwal, palwal, or parmal in different parts of India and Bangladesh and is one of the important vegetables of this region. The fruit is the edible part of the plant which is cooked in various ways either alone or in combination with other vegetables or meats. Pointed gourd is rich in vitamin and contains 9.0 mg Mg, 2.6 mg Na, 83.0 mg K, 1.1 mg Cu, and 17.0 mg S per 100 g edible part (Singh 1989). It is purported that pointed gourd possesses the medicinal property of lowering total cholesterol and blood sugar. These claims are supported by preliminary clinical trials with rats (Chandra-Sekar et al. 1988) and rabbits (Sharma and Pant 1988; Sharma et al. 1988).


The mechanical behavior of lnconel 718 processed using the Delta Process (DP) conversion technique was studied. The DP conversion sequence uses a intentional delta phase precipitation cycle and subsequent thermomechanical processing to produce uniform fine grain billet and bar stock. The process was developed to improve the mechanical properties through the elimination of occasional coarse grains which are common in conventionally processed materials. The net effect resulted in a decreased standard deviation in the mechanical properties and an increase in the minimum properties. The microstructure, tensile, low cycle fatigue, and cyclic crack growth behaviors of DP718 impeller, disk forgings and bar stock were investigated. Forged DP718 properties were compared to conventionally processed lnconel 718 and another high strength material. The DP718 bar stock properties were compared to conventionally processed lnconel 718.


"Do It Yourself? Those Easy-toUse Home Medical Tests Can Be Anything But." Time, March 12, 2001, p. 95, by Ian Smith. The rapidly growing market of do-it-yourself home medical tests can be difficult to use, misleading, or unnecessary. Smith drew on the "Analysis of a 'Simple' Medical Device" by Rogers, Mykityshyn, Campbell, and Fisk, which appeared in the Winter 2001 Ergonomics in Design. He said that like the glucose meter discussed in that article, other tests, such as a colon cancer-screening test, present a long list of instructions. In addition, the kit tests for blood in stool, which is not a definitive test for colon cancer. Other devices, such as those for measuring body fat, are not necessary and can be inaccurate. Smith concluded that many of these tests are helpful and accurate if conducted properly, but there is "no substitute for seeing a doctor."


Combined with specific engineering,it induces common quality problems of drill-pouring pile and analyzes its causes,and puts forward prevention measures to improve quality and reduce loss.


Abstract Measurements of the current in naphthalene single crystals, as a function of the voltage, showed space charge limited current characteristics. Using this theory we found for the trap density of this material, values between 1016-1017 cm−2. The mean depth was about 0.65 eV, the capture cross section, 10−17 cm2 and the frequency of escape, 109 sec−1. For the current range encountered in this work, it is shown that silver paste behaves as an injecting contact for electrons.


An attempt is made to derive complete sets of conservation laws for various flows. It is shown that the equations of three-dimensional adiabatic flow cannot be transformed into a complete set of conservation laws. It is demonstrated that potential vorticity is the only material invariant of shallow-water flow. A complete set can be derived for three-dimensional homogeneous flow, if Lagrangian tracers are added.


Summary
When pollen from Hieracium floribundum Wimmer and Grab. (Compositae) was applied to stigmas of Diervilla lonicera Mill. (Caprifoliaceae) in mixtures with Diervilla pollen, Diervilla fecundity was strongly depressed. While this phenomenon is unlikely to be of importance to Diervilla under field conditions, this property of Hieracium pollen may have stronger effects on other ecological associates. The only other reported instance of inhibitory pollen is from Parthenium hysterophorus L., which, like Hieracium, has allelopathic properties.


In this paper, a new algorithm for solving inversion of size distribution of submicron sized small particles is proposed. Numerical simulation and experimental study demonstrate that this method can effectively expand the measurable lower limit of laser particle sizer to 0. 1μm.


In this paper, reconstruction of the Positron Emission Tomography (PET) images, a CD algorithm was instigated with NN based image segmentation techniques called Neural Network Segmentation based Coordinate Descent–Weighted Least Square (NNCD–WLS). Thus, NNCD–WLS of the function is not quadratic, but natural. The iterative algorithm achieve a fashion equivalent to an analytic derivation of the Maximum Likelihood–Expectation Maximisation (ML–EM) algorithm, which gives a different minimisation process between two convex sets of matrices. Conversely the distance metric is quite distinct, and more intricate to analyse. This algorithm is similar type, shares many properties acquainted with the ML–EM algorithm. Unlike WLS algorithm, NNCD–WLS method minimises the WLS objective function. The NNCD–WLS algorithm instigates via NN based segmentation process in image reconstruction. Image quality parameter of the PSNR value, NNCD–WLS algorithm and the denoising algorithm is compared. The PET input image is reconstructed and simulated in the MATLAB/Simulink package.


Conventional Hot-mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures can be regarded as a two-layered composite with asphalt-coated aggregate dispersed in an equivalent medium. However, due to the huge difference in modulus and strength between aggregate and asphalt binder, stress and strain concentration occurs at the interface between these two constituents, which will have adverse effect on the performance of HMA mixtures. To alleviate the stress and strain concentration, a novel idea has been proposed by the authors that an intermediate layer of appropriate stiffness is introduced between aggregate and asphalt in HMA mixture. This paper presents the results from the extensive study conducted at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville (UTK) on the three-layered HMA composite mixture. A laboratory experiment was designed to compare the performance of the newly-developed three-layered HMA composite mixture to that of conventional two-layered asphalt mixture and identify the effect of the interlayer. Based on the three-layered micromechanical model, an analytical equation was developed to predict the elastic (dynamic) modulus of the three-layered HMA mixture and finite element (FE) method was used to analyze the stress distributions. Both the laboratory testing and micromechanical analyses verified the concept of the three-layered HMA mixture.


The intramolecular coupling of the OH stretching vibrational frequencies are studied in binary mixtures (H2O + bases) and ternary mixtures (H2O + bases + CCl4). For water molecules partially H bonded with bases (1:1 complexes) this coupling decreases rapidly with the acceptor strength, the C2ν symmetry changing to Cs. In 2:1 complexes the C2ν symmetry is re-established, ν3 and ν1 undergo similar frequency shifts referred to unperturbed H2O. The force constants and vibrational modes of water in 1:1 complexes are calculated approximately. This paper shows that the frequency region between the unperturbed ν3 and the unperturbed (ν3+ν1)/2 is useful in determining the content of non H bonded OH groups.


It's been about half a decade since Michel Foucault delivered his famous inaugural lecture "Orders of Discourse". Descriptive research into legal discourse, however, still predominates over the exploration of the hidden power relationship. This article aims to apply Foucault's insights into discourse to the field of law and further shed light on the in-depth interactive mechanism of power and discourse. By investigating how legal norms were legitimized from the very beginning, it's found that the legal compulsoriness and the compulsoriness of legal discourse are of the same origin.


We experienced a case of widely spreading Fournier's gangrene. A 54-year-old man was transferred to the hospital in a state of pre-shock after unsuccessful incisional drainages performed at two another hospitals to where he was admitted because of anal pain. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a widespread low density area, from perineal lesion and right scrotum to right upper leg. The patient was diagnosed as having Fournier's gangrene and immediately further wide drainage operation and colostomy were carried out. After the 3rd drainge operation the patient developed DIC and ARDS, but his life was saved by intensive care. Skin grafting surgical wound dried. The patient was dischaged from the hospitl. Over 400 cases of Fournier's gangrene have been reported in the European & American literature, but the disease is relatively rare in Japan. In addition, there are few reports that the disease widely spreaded like this case. This case is presented with some notes on the relevant literature.


The invention relates to the field of biological medicine, in particular to a tissue adhesive film loaded with a protein or polypeptide drug and a preparation method of the tissue adhesive film. The tissue adhesive film comprises cationic layers and anionic layers, wherein the cationic layers and the anionic layers are stacked alternately, at least one of the cationic layers and the anionic layers is a drug layer, or at least one of the cationic layers and the anionic layers contains a charged drug which is the protein or polypeptide drug. The tissue adhesive film loaded with the protein or polypeptide drug has good tissue adhesion, good biocompatibility, degradable absorption and good stability, and physical and chemical properties of the tissue adhesive film can be adjusted by adjusting material composition.


IFS fractal code which is the result of original image fractal coding can be used to retrieve image. In view of feature of image retrieval, the position parameter of IFS code is replaced with the relative distance and direction parameter. The distance between fractal codes and the distance of fractal codes between images are defined, and the preceding n frame images which are the smallest distance sum of fractal code are taken as the retrieval result. Thus, a fast algorithm of image retrieval on IFS code is presented. The retrieval time has a relation to the number of domain blocks by using the proposed algorithm. The experimental results show the algorithm has great stability with the translation and variation of illumination, and the mean of fractal code distance is only 14.07 and 20.05, respectively. The similarity images can be retrieved and the difference between inter-class and inner-class distance is about 8. The inner-class distance is much smaller than the inter-class distance.


Multilayer stack structures ZnO:Al(20 nm)/Ag(x)/ZnO:Al(20 nm) with different thickness of the middle Ag(x) layer – x = 6 nm, 10 nm, 12 nm, 16 nm and 20 nm, were prepared by r.f. magnetron sputtering. The ZnO:Al and Ag layers were deposited by magnetron sputtering on glass substrates without heating. The two-layer structures ZnO:Al(20)/Ag(x) were annealed in N2 + H2 at 180 °C, 50 min., and then capped by the top ZnO:Al(20 nm) layer. The optical, structural and electrical properties were studied of the as-deposited and of the annealed three-layer stacks. The TEM, SEM and AFM analyses demonstrated changes of the stack structure with the Ag film thickness and after annealing. The transmittance and reflectance spectra revealed bands of Ag electrons plasma oscillations and inter-band d-shell Ag electrons which were red-shifted after annealing. The as-deposited structures had low resistivity (1×10−3 to 4×10−5 Ω cm), which decreased with the thickness of the Ag film due to the change in the carrier transport mechanisms. The value of the resistivity increased after annealing.


An initial step to demonstrate commitment and professional behaviors is to be knowledgeable in the terminology used by special education colleagues, and to share with them common terminology used in physical education settings. Adapted physical education (APE) and general physical education (GPE) teachers need to know terminology used by multidisciplinary individualized education program (IEP) teams so they can be active contributing team members, and thus better assist the student with a disability in their class. The purpose of this article is to review commonly used special education terminology that APE and GPE teachers may hear during their interactions with team members. In addition, this article includes suggestions for participating in the IEP meeting and collaborating with parents and other special education professionals. IEP meetings are the perfect setting to learn and share common terminology.


Objective To explore the method and effect of gracilis and semitedinous transfer in the treatment of medial collateral ligament rupture of knee.Methods 32 cases of knee medial collateral ligament ruptures were treated surgically.In patients with the terminals of rupture could be sutured end-to-end,gracilis muscle was transferred to strengthen the ligament;In patients with the terminals of rupture could not be sutured end-to-end,semitendinous muscle was transferred to strengthen the ligament.Results 28 patients were followed up for 1~7(3±0.5) years.According to the improved Lysholm Scale score standards,the results were excellent in 23 cases,good in 3,fair in 1,and poor in 1.Conclusions Medial collateral ligament injury of knee should be early surgical repaired.The gracilis muscle tendon and semitendinous are close to the knee medial collateral ligament.The strength is good.Anatomical repair can be abtained by transfer the two tendons with satisfactory effect.


Abstract : This report summarizes an experiment to determine one facet of the theory of groundwave propagation at 100 kHz. Volume B covers test operations, Volume C describes the electrical measurement systems that were used, and Volume D documents the collected data, its analysis, and the findings of the experiment. The goal of the experiment was to determine if an analytic function could be developed for operational use that relates secondary phase factor (SPF) to envelope-to-cycle difference (ECD) so that geodetic position can be computed accurately and in real time. Field test data were collected and analyzed and show trends that tend to support the hypothesis that the desired functional relationship exists, at least under certain conditions. Additional analysis and perhaps tests will be necessary to define these conditions or to prove conclusively the existence of such a relationship.


Sntvc IININE' The fearsome polsonouc propertIcs of this notorlou\ wbstancc attracted the attention of XVlth century Europe IO the S~r,,&no~ spec~cs which grow In the rain forests of the Southeast Aslan hrchlpclagos and the Coromandcl Coast of India. and gatned for the seeds and bark of those plants a widespread USC for the cxtermmatmn of rodents. and other undcwablcs. as well as 3 certain vogue In medical practice -now known IO he largely unjustlficd by any u1111ty. The Isolation of the pure alkaloid from the beans of Srr~hno.t JRM~II In I8 IX by Pellctlcr and Caventoua was an event of some hIstorIcAl Importance. In that II provldcd a convlnclng and elegant demonctntmn of the correctness of the then only rcccntly proposed and rcvolutlonary su@esrlon that acid-fixmg substances are produced m the vegetable k1ngdom.t Thus did clrcumstancc early place ready at the hand of any mtcrcstcd chemist an abundant supply of a pure crystalhnc compound whose constltutlon and conctructlon could hardly fall IO CXCIIC curiosity. But organic chemistry. In IIS first hundred years. was scarcely equipped for the attack on co formidable an oblccflve. and apart from the determmation of the correct cmplrlcal formula of the alkaloid. and the discovery of a few simple transformations. no substantial progrcts was made until the commencement of the masslvc mvestlgallons of the present century. Then. o\cr a pcrlod of forty years. one of the greatclasslcsof srructuralorganlcchemlstryu-asconstructcd. lnthat effort, dcscrlbcdln more than IWO hundred and fifty separate commumcatlonc. Robert Robmson played a brllhant and commanding role. and the cxfcnslve bcauttful expcrlmcntal contributions of Hcrmann Leuchs were of defimtlve Imponancc. In 1947. the ta\L was finished.'


1 Ziffer AM, Scopp IW, Beck J, Baum J, Berger AR. Profound bleeding after dental extractions during dicumarol therapy.NEngl JMed 1957; 256: 351–3. 2 Devani P, Lavery KM, Howell CJ. Dental extractions in patients on warfarin: is alteration of anticoagulant regime necessary? Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1998; 36: 107–11. 3 Campbell JH, Alvarado F,Murray R. Anticoagulation andminor oral surgery: should the anticoagulation regimen be altered? J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2000; 58: 131–5. 4 Evans IL, Sayers MS, Gibbons AJ, Price G, Snooks H, Sugar AW. Can warfarin be continued during dental extraction? Results of a randomized controlled trial Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2002; 40: 248– 52. 5 Zanon E, Martinelli F, Bacci C, Cordioli G, Girolami A. Safety of dental extraction among consecutive patients on oral anticoagulant treatment managed using a specific dental management protocol. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2003; 14: 27–30. 6 Ansell J, Hirsh J, Poller L, Bussey H, Jacobson A, Hylek E. The pharmacology and management of the vitamin K antagonists: the Seventh ACCP Conference on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy. Chest 2004; 126: 204S–33S. 7 Wahl MJ, Howell J. Altering anticoagulation therapy: a survey of physicians. J Am Dent Assoc 1996; 127: 625–30, 633. 8 Wahl MJ. Dental surgery in anticoagulated patients. Arch Intern Med 1998; 158: 1610–6. 9 Vicente BM, Knezevic M, TapiaMM, Viejo LA, Orengo Valverde JC, Garcia JF, Lopez PO, Dominguez SS, Diaz Cremades JM, Castellano RJ. Oral surgery in patients undergoing oral anticoagulant therapy. Med Oral 2002; 7: 63–70. 10 Blinder D, Manor Y, Martinowitz U, Taicher S, Hashomer T. Dental extractions in patients maintained on continued oral anticoagulant: comparison of local hemostatic modalities. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1999; 88: 137–40. 11 Martinowitz U, Mazar AL, Taicher S, Varon D, Gitel SN, Ramot B, Rakocz M. Dental extraction for patients on oral anticoagulant therapy. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1990; 70: 274–7. 12 Bodner L,Weinstein JM, Baumgarten AK. Efficacy of fibrin sealant in patients on various levels of oral anticoagulant undergoing oral surgery. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1998; 86: 421–4. 13 Carter G, Goss A, Lloyd J, Tocchetti R. Tranexamic acid mouthwash versus autologous fibrin glue in patients taking warfarin undergoing dental extractions: a randomized prospective clinical study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2003; 61: 1432–5. 14 Sindet-Pedersen S, Ramstrom G, Bernvil S, BlombackM. Hemostatic effect of tranexamic acid mouthwash in anticoagulant-treated patients undergoing oral surgery. N Engl J Med 1989; 320: 840–3. 15 Linnebur SA, Ellis SL, Astroth JD. Educational practices regarding anticoagulation and dental procedures in US dental schools. J Dent Educ 2007; 71: 296–303.


7 families with children who were severely malnourished and were recuperating in the Closed Nutritional Recovery Center of the Corporation for Infant Nutrition (CONIN) were divided into 2 groups based on psychomotor development and intellectual development. Group 1 (G1) included children with an intelligence quotient (IQ) between 70 and 80. Group 2 (G2) contained those with an IQ of 85 or higher. 3 filmed sessions of family interviews using semistructured methods were conducted to determine the status of children. The socioeconomic level was also evaluated by the Modified Graffar Scale and Specific Index. In 4 families the childrens IQ was between 70 and 80 and in 3 it was 85 or higher; their socioeconomic level was low considering the material resources and the level of education of the fathers. 3 of the 4 fathers in G1 were unemployed while there was no unemployment in G2. In G1 the parents gave more orders and provided significantly more help to their children (p < .10) than in G2. The results were similar in both groups for fathers; however between the mothers of these 2 groups there was no significant difference. In G1 the parents provided significant help to their index child with severe malnutrition compared to G2 (P < .02) which also held true for fathers of G1 and G2 (p < .07) but there were no differences between mothers. There was a certain difference (P < .06) in G1 between the index child and his siblings regarding the help requested; in G1 the index child also requested help more often. This suggests that in G1 the loss of paternal status because of unemployment produced a disequilibrium in the traditional parental and conjugal subsystem and family structure.


An efficient method for the preparation of polymer-bound 1H-benzotriazole has been devised. The reaction of Merrifield resin with sodium 3-nitro-4-aminophenolate and the subsequent reduction and reaction with isoamyl nitrite afforded benzotriazole preloaded resin. A series of tertiary amines and a tosylamide were prepared using solid-phase benzotriazole-mediated transformations.


: Production deviations have a remarkable effect on the radiated sound of electrical machines, introducing additional signal components besides the fundamental field waves which significantly change and enrich the subjectively perceived sound characteristic. In literature these harmonics are mainly traced back to dynamic eccentricity, which modulates thefundamental fieldwaves. Inthispaper athoroughmechanic andelectromagneticanalysis of a modern, well-constructed traction drive (permanent magnet synchronous machine) is performedtoshowthatforthistypicalrotorconfigurationdynamiceccentricityisnegligible. Instead, deviations in the rotor magnetization are shown to be the dominant cause for vibration harmonics.


We establish a relationship between the Jones polynomial of generalized weaving knots of type $W(3,n,m)$ and the Chebyshev polynomial of the first kind. Consequently, we prove that the coefficients of the Jones polynomial of weaving knots are basically the Whitney numbers of Lucas lattices. Furthermore, we give an explicit formula for the Alexander polynomial of weaving knots $W(3,n)$ and we prove that it satisfies Fox's trapezoidal conjecture.


On 10-14 July 2015, in Vienna, Austria, the III International Sociological Association (ISA) Forum of Sociology, ''The Futures We Want: Global Sociology and the Struggles for a Better World'', will take place (http://www.isa-sociology.org/forum-2016/). The ISA Forum is the ISA Intermediate Conference between World Congresses. RC33, the ISA Research Committee on ''Logic and Methodology'' is organizing three types of sessions during the Forum: sessions trying to address problems of specific substantial research fields represented at the ISA Forum; sessions addressing methodological problems regarding the conference theme; and general methodological topics.


Aguerrevere (2009) links the product demand, product market competition and risk of assets, then reveals the relationship between the three factors; This paper is based on objective facts, using the evidences from the A share listed companies Chinese for empirical study, in order to reveal the relationship between these factors in real world. The results of the empirical study show: when the demand is high, increased demand at higher levels, the risks of assets decease as the demand rises, therefore the risks of assets in high demand are significantly lower than low levels of demand; when demand is low, firms in more competitive industries have greater risk of assets than firms in less competitive industries; whereas when demand is high, firms in less competitive industries have greater risks of assets than firms in more competitive industries. The empirical study results are consistent with the theoretical conclusion in Aguerrevere's (2009) paper. Finally, according to our study, we give some suggestions to investors, firms and department of economic management respectively.


In this paper C denotes a simple closed curve and i denotes a natural number. We now state two propositions: (1) (UpperAppr(C))(i) ⊆ RightComp(Cage(C, 0)). (2) (LowerAppr(C))(i) ⊆ RightComp(Cage(C, 0)). Let C be a simple closed curve. One can verify that UpperArc(C) is connected and LowerArc(C) is connected. We now state two propositions: (3) (UpperAppr(C))(i) is compact and connected. (4) (LowerAppr(C))(i) is compact and connected.


When theoretical physicists predicted a real possibility of nuclear explosives in the 1940s, it set a precedent for the level of government commitment to ideas from the scientific community. The UK and the US proceeded to launch huge "all-or-nothing" ventures based purely on theory. A whole industry had to be created before one demonstration could be attempted; the inherent critical mass for fission allowed nothing less. Where-as government decision was driven by fear of overwhelming disadvantage, responsibility for its technical justification lay with theoretical physicists whose initial predictive theory of nuclear function had to be sound enough to support that decision.


The development of this article shows the process of design, construction and start-up of a fatigue machine in rotary flexion. Fatigue is a subject of considerable relevance and requires adequate equipment for its study, therefore it is sought to contribute to educational and research growth through the development of a functional fatigue machine and where a variety of materials can be studied. The main results were the development of a machine that can carry out a totally inverted stress of 977 Mpa, therefore it can arrive to study steels of high resistance. This machine follows the standards of the normative ASTM E-466 regarding the dimensions of the test specimen. The design of the machine is divided into 3 systems, mechanical system, electrical system and electronic system. When joining these systems obtained a functional and autonomous machine where can make serious and reliable investigations.


Background: Altered thyroid hormone metabolism characterized by low triiodothyronine (T3) levels is a common finding in patients with severe systemic diseases, called low T3 syndrome (LT3-S). Additionally, subclinical thyroid dysfunction, defined as abnormal thyroid-stimulation hormone (TSH) and normal thyroxine (T4) levels, causes left ventricular dysfunction. However, the prevalence and prognostic impact of LT3-S and subclinical thyroid dysfunction in patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) have not been investigated. Methods: We examined consecutive 287 patients with ADHF who received thyroid function tests and no thyroid medications at admission (age 69±15 years, 166 male). Thyroid dysfunction was defined as follows: LT3-S as free T3< 4.0 pmol/L; euthyroidism as TSH of 0.45 to 4.49 mIU/L; subclinical hypothyroidism (Sc-hypo) as TSH of 4.5 to 19.9 mIU/L; subclinical hyperthyroidism (Sc-hyper) as TSH< 0.45mIU/L with normal free T4 levels for the last two. We sought to investigate the impa...


Nuclear reactions of 93Nb, 181Ta, and 197Au induced by secondary neutrons produced by irradiation of a thick stainless steel target with 40 MeV/nucleon 40Ar ions were investigated by off-line γ-ray spectroscopy. Yields of the radioactive products have been determined relative to that of 24Na produced by the 27Al(n,α)24Na reaction. The slopes of the mass distributions deduced from the experimental data are independent of the target species. Up to 7 nucleons were removed from the target nuclei, indicating significant presence of the neutrons with energies higher than 70 MeV.


This study attempts to discover the Genocide and to examine the effects of the Genocide in the Gurye province during the period of the Korean war(from 1948 to 1953). Questions are as follows; First, What happens? This study is to survey the state violence and suffering that the civilians of the Gurye province had experianced during the period of the Korean war. Second, Why the state power give civilians suffering that time? What does the state power want to civilians through giving the suffering. According to research outcome, We ascertain the truth the genocide in the Gurye province during the period of the Korean war. And the effects of Genocide at that time are as follows; First, Genocide aroused fear in the civilians, and the fear made civilians the state of not-resist the offenders. Second, Because the Genocide, civilians took a clear hostile attitude against the guerrillar. The guerrillar of Jiri-mountain seperated residents of the Gurye province from the occuring the Genocide. Third, The Ethics of Subsistence which was originated the Genocide made residents of the Gurye province active supporter of Korean army and offender against the left-wing. Consequently, These effects of the Genocide broke the dual power structure in the process of the formation of the R. O. K. And because these effects the residents of the Gurye province idenfied the membership of the R. O. K.


A model for helium and two‐electron ions has been found in which assumptions similar to that of the Bohr model for the hydrogen atom lead to ionization energies and atomic radii in agreement with observed values and values calculated by the Hartree‐Fock method, respectively. An effective screening potential is found by quasi‐classical statistical arguments. The angular momentum of each electron is fixed at one unit and the two electrons constrained to move on the same sphere. The interelectronic distance is assumed to follow an exponential distribution expressed in terms of the Coulombic repulsion. When the distance between electrons is then fixed at its most probable value according to this distribution function, no adjustable parameters remain. The method can be extended to excited states.


Development of biodegradable metal implants is a complex problem because it combines engineering and medical requirements for a material. This paper discusses the development of magnesium powder using Metal Injection Moulding (MIM) techniques that can help in the design of biodegradable metallic implants. One of the most important factors in the process of biodegradable implants is to study the powder characterization, mixing behaviour and rheological properties of the powder/binder mixture, which should be monitored and controlled to address the medical concern of biocompatibility. Particle size analysis, scanning electron micrograph (SEM), thermogavimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) were performed in order to determine the characteristics of magnesium powder and binder components. The feedstock were prepared using powder loading of 0.61, 0.63, 0.65 and 0.67 with binder formulations of 50% PW-30% PP-10% SA-10%. The flow properties were measured using a capillary rheometer in the shear rate range expected to occur during metal injection molding.


This paper studies the different porosity of porous medium how to affect the flow pressure field under the conditions of same inlet velocity and fiber diameter by CFDmethod. Geometric model of the catalytic converter has been established and meshed by the pre-processing tool of FLUENT. The flow pressure simulation filled contours and the curve of center line static pressure distribution of the fiber porous material show that in the case of other conditions remain unchanged, the less the porosity of the fiber porous material, the higher the inlet pressure and the more the pressure loss of the porous material. The more porosity of fiber is beneficial to exhaust catalytic reaction.


Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand, 2 Antimicrobial Resistance and Stewardship Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, 3 Interdisciplinary Program of Medical Microbiology, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, Mae Fah Luang University Hospital, Chiang Rai, Thailand, 5 School of Integrative Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand, Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital, Yamagata, Japan, Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, 8 Biofilms and Antimicrobial Resistance Consortium of ODA Receiving Countries, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India, 11 School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia


There is concern that advanced turboprop engines currently being developed may produce excessive aircraft cabin noise levels. This concern has stimulated renewed interest in developing aircraft interior noise reduction methods that do not significantly increase take off weight. An existing analytical model for noise transmission into aircraft cabins was utilized to investigate the behavior of an improved propeller source model for use in aircraft interior noise studies. The new source model, a virtually rotating dipole, is shown to adequately match measured fuselage sound pressure distributions, including the correct phase relationships, for published data. The virtually rotating dipole is used to study the sensitivity of synchrophasing effectiveness to the fuselage sound pressure trace velocity distribution. Results of calculations are presented which reveal the importance of correctly modeling the surface pressure phase relations in synchrophasing and other aircraft interior noise studies.


Abstract This research investigated health and safety information behaviour of miners working at Makarwal Coal Mines, district Mianwali, Punjab, Pakistan. A survey method using a questionnaire was deployed for data collection from 136 coal workers. Descriptive statistics were applied for data analysis using SPSS. The results indicated that the miners' information needs were cantered mainly on protection equipment, mining diseases, healthcare services, geological hazards, accidents associated with mining and modern mining techniques. These miners relied overwhelmingly on interpersonal relationships with fellow miners and friends for safety information followed by television and radio. A good number of the survey participants also utilized internet and social media such as Facebook, WhatsApp, etc. as information source. There was little evidence of the use of audio/visual materials, seminar/workshops, associations, government agencies, and printed materials for information acquisition. Computer illiteracy, poor financial conditions, lack of time, language barriers, lack of awareness and knowledge about safety information and non-availability of relevant materials were perceived as the major constraints in acquiring safety information. The results will not only be useful for planning a need-based information infrastructure for miners but also for policymakers, NGOs and human rights organizations working for rural development and uplifting occupational health. This research contributed in the existing research on miners' information behaviour as only a few studies appeared.


aus Córdoba (Argentinien) aus Córdoba (Argentinien) aus Córdoba (Argentinien) aus Córdoba (Argentinien) Abstract Abstract Abstract Abstract Hippocampal oscillations and neuronal plasticity are involved in both cognitive functions and pathological processes. In vivo, Sharp wave-ripple (SPW-Rs) consisting of slow field potential transients with superimposed ripples by ca. 200 Hz oscillations are believed to support memory consolidation by generating long term plasticity. In hippocampal slices, repeated trains of high frequency stimulation (HFS, a long term potentiation (LTP)-protocol) induce spontaneous SPW-Rs. As the generation of LTP and SPW-Rs might be linked to each other, studies concerning the cellular mechanisms of these oscillations and their relation to activity-dependent plasticity are required. The first publication included in this doctoral thesis deals with the role of inhibition during stimulus-induced SPW-R-activity. Pharmacological full blockade of inhibition with bicuculline (BMI) transforms stimulus-induced SPW-Rs in prolonged hypersynchronous discharges called recurrent epileptiform discharges (REDs). In order to study the effects of partial reduction of inhibition, SPW-Rs were exposed to increasing concentration of nicotine, BMI and high concentrations of extracellular potassium ([K + ]o). We found that nicotine at high concentrations is able to transform SPW-Rs into REDs. This transition is related to a decrease in inhibitory conductance (GIPSP) in pyramidal cells. Similarly, low concentration of BMI transformed SPW-Rs into REDs and reduced GIPSP. Additionally, SPW-Rs were exposed to high concentrations of K +. Under these conditions, SPW-Rs do not transform into typical REDs. The GIPSP was actually increased by high K + , thus preventing the occurrence of REDs. However, treatment with high K + solution generated seizure like events (SLEs). Interestingly, the occurrence of SLEs could be lowered by previous induction of SPW-Rs. I was further interested in the effects of the neuromodulator norepinephrine (NE) on SPW-Rs. In Ul Haq et al., we show that NE has a dual effect on SPW-Rs. Activation of α-1-receptors suppresses SPW-Rs activity, this is related to a decreased presynaptic Ca2+ uptake as indicated by paired pulse ratio (PPR), analysis of coefficient of variance (CV) and measurements of Ca2+ uptake into presynaptic terminals. In contrast, activation of β-receptors enhances SPW-Rs activity. Finally, the modulatory effects of C-natriuretic peptide (CNP) in activity-dependent plasticity in area CA1 of the hippocampus were investigated. CNP, a member of the natriuretic peptides family with neuromodulatory properties, has been shown to impair stimulus induced SPW-Rs. To complete these finding, we investigated the effects of CNP in bidirectional plasticity. We show …


First and foremost, Ruth Holst, delivered her inaugural address as the newly elected president of this national association. Ruth is the Assistant Director of the National Network of Libraries of Medicine's Greater Midwest Region (GMR) which is housed at the UIC Library of the Health Sciences in Chicago. The GMR is a multi-million dollar contract awarded every five years. The UIC Library of the Health Sciences has maintained this contract and its regional library status since 1980.


Fast Moving Consumer Goods like soaps, shampoos, detergents, biscuits etc and Grocery items are the basic needs for which consumer goes very frequently to the market. As we all know that now a days organized format of retail sector also exists along with the traditional format of retail sector in the form of local kiryana stores. This paper is just an attempt to see that for these frequent demands which format of retail sector people prefer to visit. What are the various factors that affect their choice of format and to see whether there is any significant difference in the choice of format on the basis of age, gender and income level. An attempt has also been made to see whether going to organized format has increased their level of spending or not. For this purpose a sample of 156 consumers from Haryana State has been taken. To analyze simple average and chi square test have been used. Diagrammatic representation is also used wherever required.


1 This work has been conducted within the Centre of Excellence CHARMEC (CHAlmers Railway MEChanics) – a VINNOVA Competence Center under the " Programme area 4, SD3. Computer control of braking systems for freight trains " iii A fault tolerant architecture for brake-by-wire in railway cars ROGER JOHANSSON Abstract In this paper we will present a computer architecture suitable for distributed control systems where fault tolerance is desired. Today these are commonly referred to as "brake by wire" or "steer by wire"-systems. The architecture is designed for implementation mainly with standard components " off the shelf " (COTS). In particular there is only a comparable small device called FTCC (Fault Tolerant Communication Control) that requires extensive redundancy. The FTCC is used to close control loops as tight to the controlled physical device as possible, gaining from the excess computing capacity that a distributed system offers but at the same time remove impact of increased fault intensity from an increased number of processing elements. The architecture preferences applications where there is some kind of natural, inherent, redundancy. As a starting point, and a case, we consider a state of the art brake control system for railway vehicles. We recapture common computer architectures designed to handle safety critical applications and arrive at a feasible solution in the shape of a slightly modified distributed architecture. We then apply this revised distributed architecture and describe a revised brake control system. The FTCC device has been implemented, however without redundancy, with standard VHDL-tools and tested in a simulator environment. Results are promising and indicates that the FTCC-device has a great potential in future "control-by-wire" designs.


SMS-based mobile application has been as an entry point of mobile informationization in SMEs,for its characteristics of real-time,interactive,portable,small investment.But in traditional SMS application,there are some problems such as the high threshold,difficulty in integration with the enterprise information system,lack of effective application mode and so on.This paper analyses the features of mobile information platform based on SMNA(Short Message Network Address) technology,summarizes the three kinds of typical application mode,and expounded its meaning of SMEs informationization.


Introduction: Primitive chondrites commonly contain primordial noble gases that were trapped in the early solar system or presolar environments. Most of the gases reside in carrier phases in the carbonaceous residue that remains after dissolving a bulk meteorite in HF and HCl [1]. The residue is dominated by "phase Q", which releases large amounts of Ar, Kr, and Xe ("Q-gases") and minor He and Ne upon oxidation. High D/H ratios compared to solar system ratios found in the carbonaceous matter record a low-temperature formation with exposure to irradiation [2]. The widespread occurrence of phase Q in several groups of primitive and differentiated meteorites indicates that Qgases were widely distributed in an extended, homogeneously-mixed reservoir [3] similar to presolar grains [4]. Deciphering the formation conditions of phase Q will add to our understanding of how the solar system formed, how volatiles and organic matter were mixed and incorporated into the first forming solids and, ultimately, delivered to Earth. Here we present first results of noble gas trapping experiments in organic residues that aim to reproduce the gas release characteristics and elemental and isotopic compositions of phase Q [e.g., 5]. Preparation of the organic residues: The organic residues were prepared at the Astrochemistry Laboratory of NASA Ames Research Center. Gas starting mixtures containing noble gases and other reactant molecules (Table 1) were mixed in a vacuum apparatus and admitted to the vacuum reaction chamber. A cold finger covered with aluminum foil was cooled to 15 K to freeze out gases and form ices. Irradiation by UV light for up to 48.5 hours induced the formation of reactive radicals. Upon subsequent warming to room temperature in static vacuum the radicals combine to more complex organics [6], the organic residues we finally analyze. Sample material: Three samples of the organic residues have been analyzed for their noble gas content so far. The components for the starting gas mixtures were water, methanol, ammonia, krypton, and xenon (both noble gas reservoirs with terrestrial isotopic composition) and for two samples naphthalene (C10H8) was added (Table 1).


The discussion questions on the development of pathways of didactics are propounded in the article; the problems, preventing didactics development are identified, the ways of resolving these problems are shown. The questions about the relationship between didactics and practice, the issues about the specifics of fundamental didactical research and scientific projects are considered.


The thesis addresses the high end private residential projects in Lebanon, and discusses the reasons for projects' change orders. This research aims to determine the reasons for change orders, the party responsible for them, the factors that affect them, and finally, the mitigation measures to reduce them. From the literature review, reasons for change orders were extracted, some were modified and others were added by interviewing scholars in the construction sector, so that the reasons properly suit the project type being discussed. Statistical data among 23 completed projects in the past 10 years was the base of the study. Interviews with managers in leading construction companies in Lebanon contributes to analyzing the statistical data results, to give recommendations to handle the main reasons for change orders. A survey with professionals in the construction industry was conducted to rank the mitigation measures proposed. The final outcome of this research is a presentation of the results, that allows for extrapolating for future projects, as well as guidelines that could help determine the expected change order amounts, and direct the concerned parties to where the efforts should be exerted to minimize change orders occurrence.


Styrofoam waste is a polystyrene plastic-based waste in the form of foam with low density. Scavengers or recyclers are not interested in receiving styrofoam waste because of its light density which makes it ineffective in transportation and storage. Styrofoam waste can actually be converted into solid polystyrene products through a thermal-extrusion process but data regarding the optimum operating temperature and the characteristics of the resulting solid polystyrene products are not yet available. The purpose of this study was to investigate the properties of solid polystyrene products resulting from recycled styrofoam waste and determine the optimum temperature of the thermal-extrusion treatment process to be compared with the characteristics of the original polystyrene based on the results of tensile and impact tests. In this study, the processing was carried out using the thermal-extrusion method; Styrofoam is melted and extruded into a mold to produce polystyrene solids. The research was carried out with variations in extrusion temperature at 180°C, 200°C, and 220°C. The polystyrene solids are then molded into tensile and impact test specimens by injection molding. The results showed that the optimal extrusion temperature was 200°C with tensile and impact strength values of 27.55 MPa and 1,069 j/m2, respectively. Compared to the original polystyrene, the tensile strength value is 25.3% lower and the impact strength value is 29.5% lower. The decrease in the tensile and impact strength values is due to the shortening of the molecular bonds in the recycled polystyrene during the thermal-extrusion treatment process. Even though the tensile strength and impact are still lower, the use of styrofoam waste using the thermal-extrusion method has the potential to be developed at the production and commercialization stage because the resulting product has good economic value and can also reduce the use of original polystyrene and at the same time can solve the problem of styrofoam waste.


This study examined the relationship between government expenditure and economic growth in Nigeria using annual data from 1970-2011 collected from the Statistical Bulletin of the Central Bank of Nigeria. The analysis is based on autoregressive distributed lag cointegration (ARDL) bound test approach by Peseran and Shin (2001). ARDL bound test revealed that the variables are cointegrated. The long run estimates revealed that recurrent and capital expenditure have a positive effect on GDP and are significant. The error correction mechanism has a negative sign and is significant.


Tao Xingzhi's thought of learning capacity training is an organic component of his "life education theory".Tao Xingzhi elaborated thoroughly the abundant connotations of the view about learning capacity training on "teaching,study and practice united","exploration of five methods of pursuing study","six grand liberations",and put them into the long-term education experiment.And thus he made the remarkable progress and gained comprehensive esteem and emulation among Chinese people.Owing to its intrinsic dynamic openness and the vigorous vitality,Tao Xingzhi's learning capacity training thought still has the important theoretical instruction value,the practicable application value and the research exploitation value,especially along with implementing education for all-around development in contemporary China.


A rapid, highly sensitive high performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the determination of cephalexin in serum and urine. Serum protein was precipitated with 1% zinc sulphate solution containing cephradine as the internal standard.


In this review, we summarize the recent progress on ReS2 as an electrode for alkali-metal ion batteries, mainly focusing on the synthesis method, structures, reaction mechanism, and the corresponding electrochemical performance. Additionally, the perspective and challenges of ReS2 electrodes are also discussed.


From a large collection of Ethiopian flood basalts (~30 Myr old) sampled for magnetostratigraphy, 40Ar/39Ar geochronology and geochemical investigations, 47 samples were selected in order to test their suitability for Thellier palaeointensity experiments. Only 17 samples from eight individual flows yielded reliable palaeointensity estimates, with flow-mean virtual dipole moments ranging from 3.0 to 10.5 × 1022 A m2 .

 A critical review of the Oligocene palaeointensity data set, including these new Ethiopian data, indicates an Oligocene mean virtual dipole moment of 5.1 ± 2.5 × 1022 A m2 for the complete data set. After applying mild selection criteria, the reduced data set yields a mean value of only 4.6 ± 1.9 × 1022 A m2 . This value is significantly lower than the present-day field strength but is higher than the Mesozoic dipole low mean field. This low Oligocene field might be in agreement with the high palaeosecular variation and rather high non-dipole field invoked around 30 Ma. However, the Oligocene data set is largely dependent on the palaeointensity determinations from Armenia, obtained mainly from baked contacts, which show amazingly low dispersion at both flow and between-flow levels. More data are needed to reduce the weight of these determinations on the mean value and avoid a possible bias.


The nitroglycerine oral solid preparations are available in the international and Indian market as – Sublingual tablets and Controlled Release tablets since a very long time. However, the quality issues (like few of the mentioned below) are consistently there. Due to this poor stability issues, even the Pharmacopoeial monographs insists on wider Dosage content uniformity limits (75 – 135% of label claim) and relaxed assay limits (90 – 115% of label claim). In the present study a comparison for the most critical quality parameters such as, Dissolution and Related substance among the In-House developed product and different brands of 2.6 mg Nitroglycerin Controlled Release tablet available in Market was carried out. It was observed that Impurity 1 MNG was not observed in any of the market product while Impurity 2 MNG was observed initially in two branded products but on stability this impurity observed in all branded products except In-house developed product. Initially, drug dissolution result of In-house developed product was comparable with the all branded product. On stability, Drug release profile of all branded product varies to a significant level from its initial value while the drug release profile of the In-house developed product remain unchanged.


Six-pulse diode rectifiers are widely used in many power conversion systems. In this work a non-intrusive approach for parameter identification of such power device is presented and its accuracy and performance is evaluated from experimental data. This parameter identification approach is focused on generating accurate discrete simulation models of three-phase rectifiers, although it can also be applied for health condition monitoring and diagnosis purposes. The approach presented in this paper is based on applying the non-linear least squares (NLS) algorithm following an optimization strategy to identify the parameters of a white-box model of the analyzed power devices. This approach analyzes the currents and voltages measured at the input/output terminals, thus performing a non-invasive acquisition of such signals, which is compatible with sealed systems. The method proposed in this paper can also be applied to many other power devices needing accurate simulation models or applying health condition strategies, switched power supplies or power converters.


The Institute of Gas Technology (IGT) is conducting an experimental program to develop and test through pilot-plant scale of operation, IGT's two-stage fluidized-bed/cyclonic agglomerating incinerator (TSI). The TSI is based on combining the fluidized-bed agglomeration/gasification technology and the cyclonic combustion/incineration technology, which have been developed at IGT over many years. The TSI is a unique and extremely flexible combustor that can operate over a wide range of conditions in the fluidized-bed first stage from low temperature (desorption) to high temperature (agglomeration) including gasification of high-Btu wastes. The TSI can easily and efficiently destroy solid, liquid and gaseous organic wastes, while containing solid inorganic contaminants within an essentially non-leachable glassy matrix, suitable for disposal in an ordinary landfill. This paper presents the results of tests conducted in a batch, fluidized-bed bench-scale unit (BSU) with commercially available clean'' top soil and the same soil spiked with lead and chromium compounds. The objectives of these tests were to determine the operating conditions necessary to achieve soil agglomeration and to evaluate the leaching characteristics of the soil agglomerates formed. 7 refs., 7 figs., 6 tabs.


Dear Editor, I read with interest the metaanalysis published by Kirsten Larkins et al. [1] on the role of robotic surgery for colonic diverticular disease. Unfortunately, this review does not close the debate on the role of the robot in colonic surgery and deserves some comments. As for every innovation, we should assess robotic surgery regarding its feasibility, effectiveness and utility for the patients and for society from economic and environmental aspects. First, the critical appraisal of the review using the AMSTAR2 tool [2] shows that, because of several flaws, we are faced with a critically low confidence in the results of the review. It should not be relied on to provide an accurate summary of the literature allowing us to recommend robotic surgery for colonic diverticulitis. The main conclusion we can draw, from the review, is related to the feasibility of robotic surgery. Furthermore, even in this case we would add 'in selected patients', since we easily assume (like the review's authors) that patient selection is a potential source of bias favouring the robot. Importantly, there was no randomized trial and only almost onethird of included studies were prospective and comparative. The effectiveness (to assess whether the robotic approach is superior to laparoscopy in terms of conversion to laparotomy) is suggested by the authors, but, once again, the possible selection bias should qualify this conclusion. Second, the validation of an innovation in surgery requires, also, its utility analyses. We all know that the robot costs significantly more. To the best of my knowledge, there is no paper assessing the patient reported outcomes in robotic colonic surgery and no paper assessing it in the setting of enhanced recovery programmes. Finally, from an environmental aspect, this review showed (like other published metaanalyses [3]) that robotic surgery is associated with a longer operating time. Furthermore, it is now demonstrated that the total carbon footprint of robotic surgery represents an almost 40% increase over its laparoscopic counterpart [4]. These findings were confirmed in systematic reviews [5, 6] and do provide us with knowledge of the environmental impact of our decisions to adopt sustainable practices. In the lack of obvious clinical benefit, changing our practices involves becoming more aware of the contribution of implementing innovations to carbon footprint and so climate change. This review and the available evidence do not allow us to conclude that robotic colonic surgery should be used routinely, but needs further evaluation taking into account its effectiveness and utility for the patient, the society and the environment.


The Weeks method for the numerical inversion of the Laplace transform utilizes a Möbius transformation which is parameterized by two real quantities, σ and b. Proper selection of these parameters depends highly on the Laplace space function F(s) and is generally a nontrivial task. In this paper, a convolutional neural network is trained to determine optimal values for these parameters for the specific case of the matrix exponential. The matrix exponential eA is estimated by numerically inverting the corresponding resolvent matrix ( s I − A ) − 1 via the Weeks method at ( σ , b ) pairs provided by the network. For illustration, classes of square real matrices of size three to six are studied. For these small matrices, the Cayley-Hamilton theorem and rational approximations can be utilized to obtain values to compare with the results from the network derived estimates. The network learned by minimizing the error of the matrix exponentials from the Weeks method over a large data set spanning ( σ , b ) pairs. Network training using the Jacobi identity as a metric was found to yield a self-contained approach that does not require a truth matrix exponential for comparison.


Ewing's sarcoma is a neoplasm of the undifferentiated small round cells, which generally affects the bone and deep soft tissues of children and adolescents. Extraskeletal Ewing's sarcomas are less common than skeletal Ewing's sarcoma with the most common sites being chest wall, retroperitoneal space, lower extremities, paravertebral region, and gluteal region. Primary Ewing's sarcoma of the gastrointestinal tract is rare. The rarity of cases, lack of specific literature, or guidelines for treatment and varying presentations make these cases challenging to diagnose and to treat. In this series, we share our experience from a tertiary cancer care center in South India. By our knowledge, this is the first case series in literature sharing the experience from a single center in treating four cases of gastrointestinal Ewing's sarcoma.


Sulphur dioxide is one of the most important and most frequent atmospheric pollutant of our environmental setting. In presented pilot-study we describe the influence of acute exposure to sulphur dioxide on alveolar macrophages of guinea pigs. The alveolar macrophages represent the main part of mononuclear phagocytic system, which is responsible for the defence of respiratory tract against foreign compounds. The experimental animals were exposed over three hours to sulphur dioxide with the concentration of about 400 ppm. After exposure we did not find significant changes in phagocytic activity of alveolar macrophages.


This paper analyzed different melting states of yttria-stabilized(YSZ)zirconia particles sprayed at 3different powder injection positions.Powder injecting position 1and 2were located outside the nozzle.However,position 3was located inside the nozzle.Particles states including particles average temperature,fly velocity,size distribution and splats patterns were measured at the distance of 90mm from the nozzle exit.The results show that when the powder injection position removed along the downstream of a plasma jet(from position 1to position 3),the particle heating effect was enhanced.The particle flattening degree increased and deposited coating became denser with fewer amounts of un-melted particles and pores.The average adhesion strength of YSZ coatings increased from 16.25MPa to 37.25MPa.Bend performance and thermal shock resistance of the coatings also increased.At powder injection position 3,high performance coatings were obtained with less power consumption of 33.60kW in comparison with other positions of 46.75kW.


[objective] To study extraction technology of isoflavone from soybean by microwave assisted and ethanol extraction method.[Method] Isoflavonoids were extracted from soybean with alcohol as extractant assisted by microwave.Based on single factor analysis and orthogonal test,alcohol concentration,solid-liquid ratio,microwave time,extraction temperature and extraction time were investigated on the effect of soybean isoflavone extraction amount.[Result] The optimum extraction technology of isoflavone was as follows:alcohol concentration of 80%,solid to liquid ratio of 1∶ 16 g/ml,microwave time of 4 min,extraction temperature of 70 ℃ and extraction time of 2 hours.Under the condition,the extraction amount of soybean isoflavone was 25.37 mg(20 g defatted soybean powder).[Conclusion] The extraction technology was simple and feasible with higher extraction amount.


The formation Descartes's rationalism philosophy was mainly influenced by three theoretical resources: the ancient Greek philosophy with its reasoning tradition, the Middle Ages philosophy with adequate preparation for rational spirit, and the humanism of Renaissance. Descartes's rationalism philosophy has had a great influence on the development of rationalism of Continental Europe and other schools of philosophy, and it has some positive referential meaning to the social construction in the transformation period of China.


We address the problem of estimating the expected influence curves with good accuracy from a single observed diffusion sequence, for both the asynchronous independent cascade model and the asynchronous linear threshold model. We solve this problem by first learning the model parameters and then estimating the influence curve using the learned model. Since the length of the observed diffusion sequence may vary from a long one to a short one, we evaluate the proposed method by simulation using artificial diffusion sequence and show that the proposed method can estimate the expected influence curve robustly from a single diffusion sequence.


The current study attempts to measure the determinants of continuous intention of over-the-top (OTT) platforms. In the present context, stimulus–organism–response (S–O–R) model was applied to identify the determinants of continuous intentions. The data were collected from users of the existing OTT platforms. To test the proposed model, we applied the partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) technique in accordance with the objective and hypotheses. The proposed model explains 45% of perceived value and 41% of continuance intentions, respectively. The results indicated that there are four significant relationships and one insignificant relationship. To explicitly state; perceived ease of use, perceived customization benefits, mobility has a favorable impact on perceived value, and perceived value significantly influences the continuous intention of OTT platform, and last, entertainment value was found to be insignificant with perceived value. This study provides varied clues to marketers to shape up customers behavior and to ensure the factors affecting decision regarding continuous intention of OTT platform. The current study proposes that continuous intentions can be framed by offering value.


Objectives:To investigate the anatomic characteristics and feasibility of the posterior sacral 1-2 translateral mass screw(STMS) fixation.Methods:Three-dimensional CT reconstructions of sacrums from 27 cases(14 males and 13 females) were obtained.The Advantage Workstation(AW) 4.2 software was used to process the anatomic data of STMS.The screw entry point located at 5mm above the superior edge of the second sacral foramen.The projection of the screw was determined as from the entry point to the top corner of the sacral ala.The parameters used for statistical analysis included the extraversion angle(the angle between the line from the entry point to the top corner of the sacral ala and the median line crossing sacrum at the horizontal plane),the inclined angle(the angle between the line from the entry point to the top corner of the sacral ala and the line parallel to the upper endplate of S1 vertebra at the sagittal plane) and the length(the distance from the entry point to the top corner of the sacral ala).The channel of STMS was observed on three-dimensional reconstruction.STMS placement was performed on 15 cadavers′ sacrums based on the above-mentioned parameters,then the relationships between STMS and the spinal canal,facet,the anterior and posterior sacral foramen were investigated.Results:There was significant difference as for the extraversion angle of STMS between males and females(P0.05),the average extraversion angle of STMS was 30.39°±5.01° for males,31.14°±5.25° and 29.64°±4.86° for left and right side,while 35.81°±4.45° for females,36.46°±4.94° and 35.15°±4.00° for left and right side.No sex-related or side-related significant difference was noted as for extraversion angle(P0.05) as well as inclined angle and the length of STMS.The average inclined angle of STMS was 26.71°±16.50° for males and 19.48°±9.09° for females,and 22.22°±12.89° for the right and 23.67°±14.81° for the left.The average length of STMS was 54.48±3.01mm for males and 53.02±2.89mm for females,and 53.56±3.28mm for right and 53.99±2.78mm for left.The channel of STMS located in the lateral mass on three-dimensional reconstruction completely with no penetration into the spinal canal,facet,and anterior or posterior sacral foramen.Conclusions:By obtaining the parameters of screw fixation for STMS in three-dimensional reconstruction of sacrum before having operation,the technique of STMS can be performed safely during the fixation of sacrum,especially when the S1 screw fixation can not be installed effectively.


Back-wave oscillators (BWO) of 667-857 GHz, 789-968 GHz, 882-1100 GHz frequency ranges with phase synchronization of frequency are used for elaboration of a set of synthesizers with quartz frequency stability. Synthesizers consist of the following modules and units: BWO radiation sources, high-voltage power supply of BWO; reference frequency synthesizers with upper frequency 20 GHz (for synthesizers 667-857 GHz and 789-968 GHz); reference synthesizer 78,33-118,1 (for synthesizer in 882-1100 GHz); quasi-optical tract with harmonic mixer; block of frequency control; phase lock loop (PLL) system of BWO frequency. Spectral characteristics of the synthesizers are measured. We demonstrated application of the devices for THz spectroscopy.


Section 1 of this paper presents the basic mathematical definitions for our work. Section 2 defines the notion of a weighted phrase-structure grammar over either a semiring or zero monoid coefficient structure. The notion of canonical derivations (from Griffiths [1968]) and top-down derivations is defined in section 3, along with some of their basic properties. Equivalence relations over weighted phrase-structure grammars are defined in section 4 as well as power series representations of the associated languages. Section 5 shows that every weighted type 0 grammar is equivalent to a grammar in standard form. Section 6 describes the equations associated with a grammar in standard form and describes a process of iteratively obtaining approximations to the language.


This webinar will cover the basics of air entrained concrete and the challenges of providing adequate air void systems with modern concrete mixtures. The presentation will then discuss a new testing device, the Super Air Meter, also called (SAM), that has the ability to measure the air void size distribution in fresh concrete. (www.superairmeter.com) The results from the SAM are shown to correlate with the bubble size distribution determined by the hardened air void analysis in laboratory and field testing. A provisional AASHTO test method has already been prepared and the meter is being used on DOT jobs in 15 different states and in one Canadian province. nal AASHTO test method has DATE: Thursday, September 25, 2014 TIME: 12:30 PM CDT LOCATION: 209 Computer Science, Missouri S&T campus


Primitive neuroectodermal tumours (PNETs)/Ewing's tumours/Askin tumour from peripheral extracranial sites are a group of small round cell tumours, the first of which was described by Stout [1]. They form part of the family of embryonal neoplasms thought to derive from neuroectodermal elements which can show rosette formation, primitive neural features on electron microscopy, positivity for CD-99 (MIC-2) and re-arrangements between the EWS gene at 22q12 and members of the ET family of transcription factors [2]. These genetic rearrangements involve the formation of a fusion gene with novel oncogenic properties, often encoding an aberrant transcription factor. By contrast primary central nervous system PNETs including medulloblastoma and its variants, although similar in appearance, form a separate biological group with different genetics, lacking CD-99 (MIC-2) positivity. We describe the unusual pathology of cerebral metastases in a primary PNET of the kidney (clear cell sarcoma variant), in which cytogenetic abnormalities were used for diagnosis and review the literature on the subject. In August 1994 a 27-year-old woman presented to her local hospital with multiple pulmonary emboli. She was readmitted 1 month later with frank haematuria and right loin pain. Abdominal imaging demonstrated a large renal tumour which was treated by a radical nephrectomy. Pathology showed the classic features of clear cell sarcoma of the kidney, characterized by an arborizing vasculature separating cords of plump cells with indistinct cell borders and open chromatin (Figure 1a). Pulmonary and bone metastases were subsequently diagnosed and therefore she was classified as having stage IV disease. She then underwent adjuvant chemoradiotherapy with vincristine, actinomycin D, and doxorubicin followed by whole lung irradiation (12 Gy in eight fractions) and flank irradiation (30 Gy in 20 fractions). There was evidence of a radiological response to this therapy. After regular follow-up she had no signs of recurrence at 5 years and was discharged from follow-up. In 2003 she represented with paraesthesia on the right side of her face, dysphasia and impaired right arm sensation. Enhancing lesions were present on CT and MR scanning (Figure 2). She underwent uncomplicated microsurgical resection of left frontal lesion (February 2003) and made a good recovery. The day after first fraction of cranial radiotherapy she awoke with a headache and rapidly deteriorated into coma, developing a dilated left pupil. She was intubated, given mannitol and emergency CT scan demonstrated a large right parietal haematoma where the second unresected tumour had previously been. She was rapidly transferred to the regional neurosurgical unit where she had an emergency craniotomy and evacuation of both the haematoma and the underlying tumour. The pathology of the cerebral tumour displayed uniform sheets of small round blue cells, with scant cytoplasm, little nuclear pleomorphism and mitotic figures (Figure 1b). The tumour was positive for neuronal markers neurofilament, neu-n, synaptophysin, CD99 (otherwise known as O13 or HBA-71) and the EWS/FLI1 fusion product and negative for the epithelial marker pancytokeratin (Figure 1c,d). Re-analysis of the original renal tumour confirmed the presence of similar fusion product by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and therefore the original tumour was reclassified as a primary PNET of the kidney (clear cell sarcoma variant). She made a full recovery and went on to have further radiotherapy. Later that year she represented with extensive bony, intrathoracic and intra-abdominal disease. She has been further treated and currently remains alive and well, 13 years after first diagnosis.


Report of a Case. A 55-year-old man was referred for an iris lesion in the right eye. Eighteen years earlier he had a spontaneous hyphema that led to detection of the lesion. During the ensuing 2 decades, he had 30 spontaneous hyphemas, each associated with transient elevated intraocular pressure. One month prior to referral, a hyphema with a pressure of 55 mm Hg was treated successfully with topical medication. Visual acuities were 20/40 OD and 20/20 OS. Intraocular pressures were 12 mm Hg OD and 16 mm Hg OS. Slitlamp biomicroscopy showed a few scattered erythrocytes in the aqueous of the right eye but no hyphema. Mild pigment dispersion was present on the iris surface and transillumination revealed a circular pattern of radial slitlike defects in both irides. The main finding was a lobulated, reddish-blue temporal iris mass measuring 3 mm in diameter (Figure 1). Ultrasound biomicroscopy showed a multiloculated mass, and fluorescein angiography demonstrated early hypofluorescence of the lesion with mild hyperfluorescence in the superior aspects of the vascular spaces. The clinical diagnosis was iris cavernous hemangioma, but vascular iris melanoma could not be excluded. The mass was removed by sector iridectomy. Histopathologic examination revealed a benign tumor composed of large bloodfilled vessels lined by thin endothelial cells, compatible with a cavernous hemangioma (Figure 2). Scattered pigmented macrophages were present outside the vascular channels. The adjacent iris stroma near the pupil appeared focally fibrotic and hyalinized. The visual acuity remained 20/40 OD after surgery.


The paper tries a particular interpretation of some aspects ofHobbe's political philosophy. It points ao especific way to read the author 's principal work, reforcing a transcendental reading of hispolitical philosophy. The meaning of Hobbes's work would not be to take the utilitarians motivations of political pact, but to show to a rational man (the universal subject) the reasons of obedience.