The goal of the Oklahoma City Air Logistics Center's (OC-ALC) Pollution Prevention Program is simple, direct, and fundamental: reduce the purchase and use of targeted toxic chemicals. The OC-ALC has become the Air Force leader in introducing new prototype technologies into all maintenance processes and quantifying their environmental benefits. The innovative technologies are reducing the handling of hazardous materials and eliminating hazardous waste. The success of the program lies in coordinating efforts, promoting awareness, transferring technology, obtaining funds, and executing projects. The OC-ALC Pollution Prevention Program involves efforts to reduce the use of toxic chemicals through a hierarchy of actions: source reduction, chemical substitution, recycle and reuse, treatment, and disposal. Pollution prevention first seeks to change processes to eliminate the purchase and generation of undesirable targeted materials (source reduction). Where source reduction is not feasible, environmentally compliant materials may be substituted for the noncompliant products. The next P2 action is to recycle and reuse the hazardous materials. The following P2 actions include the treatment and disposal of wastes and emissions control (abatement) to reduce environmental impacts prior to disposal and only when source reduction and chemical substitution actions are not feasible (cost-prohibitive, immature technology, etc.). At the root of the program is a compliance site assessment that identified four major processes in aircraft depot maintenance activities (painting, depainting, cleaning, and electroplating) that generate the majority of the installation's hazardous waste. Purchase and use of hazardous chemicals are tracked to verify the validity of implemented technologies and monitor trends. The objective of this article is to highlight technologies that have reduced targeted hazardous chemical purchases by 1.5 million pounds, reduced the generation of hazardous industrial waste by 8 million pounds, and reduced the use of ozone-depleting substances (ODSs) by 330,000 pounds, annually. This article will highlight the following technologies: abrasive carbon dioxide blasting, environmentally acceptable chemical depainting agents, radome chemical depainting, medium-pressure water jet knife, high-pressure aircraft component subsystem, advanced vapor degreaser, National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP)-compliant wipe solvents, powder coatings, and alternative electroplating technologies (i.e., ion vapor deposition, high-velocity oxygen fuel, electromagnetic particle deposition, etc.). © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


The utility model relates to a bevel gear-planet-parallel shaft-small teeth difference four-stage transmission compound small teeth difference reducing gear which is in bevel gear-planet-parallel shaft-small teeth difference four-stage transmission, and comprises an input gear pair, an intermediate planetary gear pair, a parallel shaft gear pair, an output small teeth difference gear pair, a box and an end cover. The compound small teeth difference reducing gear greatly improves the transmission ratio and the output torque of a vertical reducing gear, and has the advantages of strong load bearing and overload capability, small vibration, low noise, fast heat radiation, higher gear processing precision, easily ensured processing precision, reduced overall volume and weight, far lower manufacturing cost of the large-power vertical reducing gear, and shorter production cycle.


PHILIPS ELECTRONICS WANTED to translate its understanding of innovation from a collection of objects, anecdotes, and ideas into a place that could serve as a gateway to the company's philosophy, expertise, and accomplishments. Bruce and Susan Burdick's design combines architecture, exhibits, interactive media, conference spaces, and meeting rooms that, for customers, employees, and visitors, transform a review of history and abstract concepts into a living, 3-D expression of Philips's competencies and strategies.


The principle of complementarity is quantified in two ways: by a universal uncertainty relation valid for arbitrary joint estimates of any two observables from a given measurement setup and by a general uncertainty relation valid for the optimal estimates of the same two observables when the state of the system prior to measurement is known. A formula is given for the optimal estimate of any given observable, based on arbitrary measurement data and prior information about the state of the system, which generalizes and provides a more robust interpretation of previous formulas for 'local expectations' and 'weak values' of quantum observables. As an example, the canonical joint measurement of position X and momentum P corresponds to measuring the commuting operators X{sub J}=X+X{sup '} and P{sub J}=P-P{sup '}, where the primed variables refer to an auxiliary system in a minimum-uncertainty state. It is well known that {delta}X{sub J}{delta}P{sub J}{>=}({Dirac_h}/2{pi}). Here it is shown that given the same physical experimental setup and knowledge of the system density operator prior to measurement, one can make improved joint estimates X{sub opt} and P{sub opt} of X and P. These improved estimates are not only statistically closer to X and P but further satisfy {delta}X{submore » opt}{delta}P{sub opt}{>=}({Dirac_h}/2{pi})/4, where equality can be achieved in certain cases. Thus one can do up to four times better than the standard lower bound (where the latter corresponds to the limit of no prior information). Other applications include the heterodyne detection of orthogonal quadratures of a single-mode optical field and joint measurements based on Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen correlations.« less


Thank you very much for reading food analysis theory and practice. As you may know, people have search numerous times for their chosen books like this food analysis theory and practice, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some infectious bugs inside their computer. food analysis theory and practice is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our book servers saves in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the food analysis theory and practice is universally compatible with any devices to read.


A brief review of the recent evolution of the family planning program and fertility in South Korea provides background for this assessment of the impact of the national family planning program on fertility. Using a standardization procedure it is estimated that of 315379 births that did not occur in 1975 changes in the age structure accounted for 27.67% changes in marital status accounted for 25.31% and changes in the marital fertility rate accounted for 69.14%. Changes in the proportion of reproductive aged women in the total population caused an offsetting increase in births of 22.12%. An important weakness of the standardization method is that the absolute number of births averted depends heavily on the period of observation. When all other social changes are considered it is not apparent that changes in fertility control within marriage are solely attributable to the family planning program. Some of the data required for application of the reproductive process analysis approach were not available for Korea and had to be borrowed. Application of the method to data on IUD use indicates very low impact for all age groups indicating that the family planning program is not very successful with this method. The computerized model CONVERSE used to measure the effect of the government family planning program on fertility between 1966-76 found declines in the fertility rates of the 25-29 and 30-34 cohorts of 12.9 and 20% respectively and a 15% decrease in the total fertility rate from 4.980 to 4.230. Although the CONVERSE model is potentially very useful not all the parameters required were available necessitating recourse to assumptions and estimates. The parameters were consequently inconsistent with observed data in cases where comparisons could be made casting doubt on the validity of the entire evaluation. A multivariate areal analysis which examined rural counties as the unit of analysis and fertility levels in 1975 as the dependent variable with independent variables including socioeconomic factors and measures of family planning input and output indicated that family planning program input accounted for a measurable proportion of the variance in fertility levels in 1975. Controlling for the availability of nonprogram sources of family planning strengthened the effect of program input. Compared with nonprogram variables differential family planning program input was a relatively weak determinant of differential fertility.


Corrosion of reinforced concrete in wastewater systems due to microbially generated sulfuric acid is a major problem for Department of Defense (DoD) facilities. A previous DoD-sponsored demonstration and validation project showed that liquid-applied polyurea liner technology can effectively rehabilitate wastewater systems and prevent further corrosion, but more work was needed before recommending the technology's adoption DoD-wide. This follow-on study explores and discusses additional issues and makes recommendations about polyurea's use. Issues explored include behavior under high-velocity flow conditions, additional application configurations, field repair methods, behavior on steel substrates, comparisons with other rehabilitation products, industry perception and use, and sewer inflow and infiltration. The approach included a survey of municipal practices plus a literature review. Results showed that polyurea liners can be useful in mitigating the effects of corrosion, especially when sewer and wastewater environments are subject to movement, abrasion, or ultraviolet radiation. Recommendations to the DoD's Corrosion Prevention and Control Program include adding a polyurea section to UFGS 09 96 00 High Performance Coatings and referencing UFGS 09 96 00 within UFC 3-240-01 Wastewater Collection. The return on investment for this effort is 35.24. DISCLAIMER: The contents of this report are not to be used for advertising, publication, or promotional purposes. Citation of trade names does not constitute an official endorsement or approval of the use of such commercial products. All product names and trademarks cited are the property of their respective owners. The findings of this report are not to be construed as an official Department of the Army position unless so designated by other authorized documents. DESTROY THIS REPORT WHEN NO LONGER NEEDED. DO NOT RETURN IT TO THE ORIGINATOR. ERDC/CERL TR-17-23 iii


Statins are important drugs in the regulation of cholesterol levels in the human body that have as a primary target the enzyme β-hydroxy-β-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR). This enzyme plays a crucial role in the mevalonate pathway, catalyzing the four-electron reduction of HMG-CoA to mevalonate. A second reduction step of this reaction mechanism has been the subject of much speculation in the literature, with different conflicting theories persisting to the present day. In this study, the different mechanistic hypotheses were evaluated with atomic-level detail through a combination of molecular dynamics simulations (MD) and quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) calculations. The obtained Gibbs free activation and Gibbs free reaction energy (15 kcal mol−1 and −40 kcal mol−1) show that this hydride step takes place with the involvement of a cationic His405 and Lys639, and a neutral Glu98, while Asp715 remains in an anionic state. The results provide an atomic-level portrait of this step, clearly demonstrating the nature and protonation state of the amino acid residues involved, the energetics associated, and the structure and charge of the key participating atoms in the several intermediate states, finally elucidating this missing step.


The Meaning of the Photoelastic Effect.- General Reports.- Classical and Advanced Methods of Photoelasticity.- A Critical Review on the Use of Polymers in Photoplasticity.- The Interaction of a Material Continuum with an Electromagnetic Field in the Frame of the Classical Theory of Field.- Phenomenological Analysis of Mechanical and Optical Behaviour of Rheo-Optically Simple Materials.- The Available Experimental Methods for Measuring Optical Properties of Matter.- The Use of Atomic Gauges for Studying Local Stress Effects in Crystals.- Streaming Double Refraction, a General Report.- Additional Physical Fields in Photoelasticity.- The Photoelastic Effect from a Theoretical Point of View.- Electrodynamics of Photoelastic Media: Theory and Experiment.- Higher Order Photoelastic Interactions: Theory and Experiment.- Rotation-Dependence of the Photoelastic Effect.- Some Magneto-Optical Effects Related to the Faraday and Hall Effects.- Electro-Optical and Magneto-Optical Effects.- A Note on Rational Continuum Mechanics and the Description of Magnetizable Dielectric Fluid Mixtures.- Applications of the Photoelastic Effect.- Photoviscoelasticity: Theory and Practice.- Polarimetrie et Photoelasticimetrie.- Photoelastic Effect Analysed by Means of the j-Circle Method.- Static and Dynamic Ponctual Method for the Determination of the Neutral Axis and the Algebric Value or the Birefringence for a Plane Plate.- Recent Work in Absolute Measurement of Birefringence.- A Compensation Method in Scattered Light Photoelasticity.- On the Determination of Scale Functions for the Transmission of Results in Photoelastic Analysis of Plate Problems.- Some Remarks to the Photoelastic Investigations of Dynamic Problems.- Photoelastic Study of Elastohydrodynamic Lubrification.- Stress Concentrations in Monolithic Structures Subjected to Mechanical and Thermal Loading.- Conclusions.- Concluding Summary.


Residual stress measurement is of utmost importance for the safety and reliability of engineering components and has been an active area of scientific research. Relaxation techniques such as hole drilling, slitting and ring core method are widely applied semi destructive techniques for residual stress measurements in polymer composites. This article reviews the recent literature on the measurement of residual stress in polymer composite by employing the above-mentioned relaxation techniques. This article summarizes the categories of residual stresses, causes of formation, techniques of measurements and also briefly outlines the chronological developments of the Hole drilling and slitting method. The article also provides a comparative summary of these relaxation methods.


During the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) phase, a major fraction of mass is spread by the stars (0.6 - 10 M⊙) in the interstellar medium (ISM) in the form of dust. In the left phase of the post-main sequence evolution in the Hertzsprung-Russell (HR) diagram, these dust are found to be surrounding the white dwarfs (WD). Some small fraction of dust is also formed in the circumstellar shells and cavities around WD which is usually a source of infrared (IR) excess. The formation and evolution of such IR dust structures are the results of high-pressure events such as the Helium shell flash (thermal pulse) and stellar winds, and such structures are crucial in the study of interaction phenomena in ISM. This research project is focused on the study of an isolated dust structure near the white dwarf WD0011-399 located at R.A. (J2000) 00h 13m 47.48s and Dec. (J2000) -39° 370 24.2800 using Improved Reprocessing of the IRAS (IRIS), AKARI and Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) surveys from SkyView Virtual Observatory along with SIMBAD Astronomical Database and Gaia Archive of ESA. The size of the cavity under study is 7.43 pc×2.90 pc, 2.99pc×0.99pc, and 1.26×0.53pc with an inclination angle of 71.12°, 75.73°, and 68.48° respectively in IRIS, AKARI and WISE data suggesting the cavity is neither a face-on nor an edge-on. The relative flux density of the region has been studied through pixel extraction of Far-Infrared (FIR) images and dust color temperature along with dust mass has been calculated. Using IRIS data, the temperature of the isolated region is found between a maximum value of 36.82±4.30 K to a minimum of 22.59±2.32 K with an offset of 14.23 K. The average temperature of the region is 28.22±0.18 K. Following similar procedures for AKARI data, the temperature is found between a maximum of 26.37±3.56 K and a minimum of 16.32±1.47 K with an offset of 10.06K. The average temperature is 19.25±0.15 K. Similarly, using WISE data, the temperature is found between a maximum of 353.72±18.54 K and a minimum of 307.24±4.69 K with an offset of 46.48K. The average temperature is 316.62±0.81 K. High value of offset temperature suggests that the cavity might be evolving with disruptions from background radiative sources. Approximately Gaussian distribution of the temperature in all the surveys implies that the region might be tending towards local thermodynamic equilibrium. The total mass of the structure is estimated to be around 0.03±1.5×10−6M⊙, 1.6×10−3±1.4×10−5 M⊙, and 10−7±3×10−10 M⊙ using IRIS, AKARI, and WISE data respectively. The Jean's mass of the structure is calculated assuming the structure is a non-degenerate gas, which is estimated around 2001.93M⊙, 178.44M⊙, and 121.47M⊙ respectively using IRIS, AKARI, and WISE data. Since Jean's mass is much greater than the mass of the structure there seems no possibility of star formation within the region of interest. The color maps illustrate identical distribution for all wavelengths, however, no significant relation is observed between dust color temperature and dust mass.


The American Cancer Society (ACS) organized an interdisciplinary guideline development group to review the available evidence on breast cancer mortality, quality of life, life expectancy, false-positive findings, overdiagnosis, and overtreatment, and to update their 2003 guideline on breast cancer screening in average-risk women.


Industrial engineering(IE) has the character of crossing discipline.Its curriculum system involves several subjects that bring up many difficulties for the instruction and learning.Specifying the relation between the courses and constructing the impact curriculum structure will play an important role in settling the difficulties.This paper analyzes the character and the relations of IE's curriculums,constructs the structure model,and probes the teaching policy of IE.


Critical Care Medicine www.ccmjournal.org e721 reduction with thoracic epidural block (TEB) in patients of acute pancreatitis (AP). We would however like to draw attention to a few details regarding the possible clinical usage against the background of this analysis that was not dwelled upon in the publication. The inclusion criterion chosen by Jabaudon et al (1) was simply a diagnosis of AP. However, we feel that in clinical practice, the use of TEB in patients of AP will need greater rationalization so as to balance the risk-benefit ratio. Although TEB is a commonly used intervention, it remains associated with specific risks/complications. For any pathologic state, the benefits of a therapeutic intervention would be maximized when applied prior to development of severest form of disease. Thus, the maximum benefit of TEB in AP may be achieved in patients "predicted" to progress to a severe form, but before they actually develop it. There are previously wellestablished criteria for "predicting" development of "severe" AP. The presence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome at admission or its persistence 48 hours later remains the most reliable and simplest to evaluate clinically (2); other criteria to predict progression to severe pancreatitis include Acute Physiologic and Chronic Health Evaluation II, as well as modified Glasgow and Ranson scores (2). It is imperative to understand that "predicted" severity is different from existing severity of pancreatitis, and it aims to diagnose severe form of the disease before it actually develops. We thus feel that more specifically designed research including stringent inclusion criteria is required. An understanding of potential mechanisms of benefit of TEB in AP is essential for an optimal application of the intervention. TEB can modulate the systemic inflammatory response that is a hallmark of AP. Systemic inflammatory response is driven by hypoperfusion of the gut mucosa, leading to bacterial translocation and initiation of inflammatory cascade. Epidural block restricted to thoracic segments induces splanchnic vasodilatation due to sympathetic blockade of concerned dermatomes (T5–T10), which leads to improved gut perfusion (3). The other mechanism of benefit on progression of pancreatitis is the direct effect of TEB on pancreas to improve its microcirculation and oxygenation, as well as decrease necrosis probably as a consequence of increasing the splanchnic blood flow (4). This implies that the benefits of epidural in AP are likely to be restricted to a segmental thoracic block only, specifically covering T5–T10 sympathetic level. This is of clinical relevance since mostly the TEB is titrated to achieve adequate analgesia rather than a specified dermatomal extent of block. Last, another potential advantage of TEB in AP may stem from enhancement of gastrointestinal motility thus promoting early enteral nutrition (5). This was however not included as an observation by Jabaudon et al (1). We once again congratulate Jabaudon et al (1) for addressing the probable use of TEB in patients of AP, going much beyond its analgesic effects. It is indeed an exciting area of future research. The authors have disclosed that they do not have any potential conflicts of interest. Asha Tyagi, MD, DNB, MNAMS, Mahendra Kumar, DA, MD, Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, University College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital, Delhi, India


The Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry technique has become one of geological disaster monitoring tools, for its economical, efficient, high-precision and large-scale surface deformation monitoring capacities. Datong is a wellknown historical and cultural city, which is also a major energy bases and known as "town of coal sea" reputation in China. Since 1980s, with the development of industry and agriculture the amplitude of groundwater withdrawal has increased year by year, which lead to serious surface subsidence and ground fissures hazards in this city, even active up-to-date. Presently, 10 ground fissures with a total length of 34.5 km can be found in Datong region. However, the city-level spirit leveling only carried out during years of 1988–1993 to monitor the surface subsidence, and ceased later on. So in this paper, we collect 8 scenes of Envisat SAR data covering Datong city to minitor the subsidence evolution during Jan. 2005 to Feb. 2008. The interferometric pairs are set according to the principles that temporal and geometric baseline limits. Finally, we obtain the annual and accumulated subsidence amounts. The study shows that the land subsidences in Datong are greatly correlated with the groundwater withdrawal and seasonal variation. And some new sobsidence cones are located at new economic and technological development zones of Datong city. Thirdly, ground fissures deformation in Datong is controlled by the regional tectonic activity and also affects the land subsidence in its surroundings.


In the distributed database environment, the data divergence can be an important problem: if it is not discovered and correctly identified, incorrect data can lead to poor decision making, errors in the service and in the operative errors. Oracle GoldenGate Veridata is a product to compare two sets of data and identify and report on data that is out of synchronization. IT DB is providing a replication service between databases at CERN and other computer centers worldwide as a part of the WLCG project. One of the important and difficult tasks in provisioning of a reliable replication service is to measure and ensure consistency of data between databases. Oracle Veridata appears to be a promising solution for this challenge. The aim of the project is to evaluate the Oracle Veridata framework in the context of the WLCG database replication environment, to provide a study and feedback regarding functionality, usability and performance of the software for data consistency measuring between remote databases. Table of


ABSTRACT
 Homalodisca vitripennis (Germar), a vector of Xylella fastidiosa, is associated with citrus plantings in California. Infested citrus orchards act as a source of vectors to adjacent vineyards where X. fastidiosa causes Pierce's disease. An analysis of the pattern and rate of movement of H. vitripennis and its egg parasitoid, Gonatocerus ashmeadi Girault, was conducted in a citrus orchard by using a protein mark-capture technique to quantify movement and net dispersal rates in the experimental areas. Treatments included irrigation at 100% of the crop evapotranspiration rate (ETc), 80, and 60% ETc. Sex-specific net dispersal rates showed that H. vitripennis males and females moved consistently and contributed equally to the level of population change within treated areas. Trees irrigated at 60% ETc were the least preferred by H. vitripennis. Among all protein-marked individuals captured in the 60% ETc treatment, ≈75 and 88% in 2005 and 2006, respectively, were inflow individuals. Movement toward less preferable plants indicates that in agricultural landscapes dominated by perennial monocultures, there is a random component to H. vitripennis movement, which may result from the inability of H. vitripennis to use plant visual cues, olfactory cues, or both to make well-informed long-range decisions. The 80% ETc areas were a significant source of adult H. vitripennis and G. ashmeadi compared with the other treatments. Colonization rates by parasitoids were synchronized with the spatiotemporal distribution of H. vitripennis eggs. Results suggest that H. vitripennis movement from citrus into adjacent vineyards could be a result of random dispersal rather than oriented movement in response to host-plant characteristics.


In this paper, I discuss where result clauses are positioned in English sentences. A number of factors affect their position. Firstly there are semantic properties such as scope. If these are the o ...


Thermodynamics can be understood as the discipline of the physical sciences, that studies theoretically and practically the different manifestations of energy. The study of thermodynamics is important in relation to the understanding of thermal systems in industry, as well as, supporting energetic processes in living organisms. In relation to the study of energy processes in the context of heat transfer, concepts from thermodynamics are relevant. In the present investigation, the process of heat conduction in a metal bar is analyzed by applying the heat equation and the concept of entropy variation. The first part of the research proposes a numerical method to solve the heat equation in addition to a set of finite difference equations describing the energetic behavior of the system. The numerical solution of the heat equation and the thermodynamic behavior of the system are studied by programming to demonstrate the fit of the results with the theoretical models. Finally, applications of the achieved results in engineering contexts are discussed.


We consider a wireless sensor network where a relay helps multiple source-destination pairs. The relay helps communication pairs in a probabilistic manner during several relaying slots. We formulate an optimization problem to find slot-sharing ratio maximizing an upper bound of the expected sum rate while the upper bound of each user's rate satisfying a predetermined target for the given number of relaying slots. An exact optimal value of slot-sharing ratio is provided by using Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions. And we propose an algorithm to search the optimal number of relaying slots. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the optimal slotsharing ratio and the optimal number of relaying slots.


In the digital era,the crisis of writing Chinese characters stands forth much more in the groups of highly-educated and highly qualified people.Thus,it's necessary to carry on a "second teaching of Chinese characters" at colleges.According to the factors which affect the college students' ability to write Chinese characters,with reference to QIU Qi-gui's theory of "San Shu Shuo"(a book on the structure of Chinese characters),teachers are supposed to adopt teaching of different modes while teaching Xing Sheng Zi,Biao Yi Zi,and Jia Jie Zi,so as to improve college students' ability to write Chinese characters and strengthen the cultivation of traditional culture.


I propose a strategy for forecasting the term structure of interest rates that may produce significant gains in predictive accuracy. The key idea is to use the restrictions implied by Gaussian, no-arbitrage, affine term structure models on a vector autoregression as prior information instead of imposing the restrictions dogmatically. This allows us to account for possible model misspecification. We use the proposed method to forecast a system of five U.S. yields up to 12 months ahead, and we find it provides significant gains in forecast accuracy.


signs of mental illness will receive support. Mental illness in youth has impacts across the lifespan, reducing educational achievement, employment, income, marriage rates, and life expectancy. Governments and community organizations have invested in youth mental health services and committed efforts to develop mental health strategies. This issue brief outlines three priorities areas to develop and implement a 'Made in Alberta' youth mental health strategy.


The explanatory notes of pedigrees are the programmatic texts in pedigree editing.They include not only the summery of the ancestral thought,but also the special principles to write and edit the pedigrees.Based on 39 Wang's explanatory notes of pedigree in Huizhou,this paper attempts to divide the developing process of explanatory notes of pedigrees into three stages: notes in the texts,combining the prefaces with the notes and the standard notes.Finally,the explanatory notes have become an important part of pedigree editing.standard explanatory notes cover the aim to edit pedigrees,the content of pedigrees and the special principles to edit pedigrees.Both the ancestral ideas and writing skills are embodied in them.


The electronic structure of the new 48-electron basketlike cluster compound Os{sub 3}(CO){sub 9}({mu}-H){sub 2}({mu}{sub 3}-HC{sub 2}NEt{sub 2}) is compared to that of 46-electron closo and 48-electron nido M{sub 3}C{sub 2} complexes. The unusual coordination of the alkyne ligand is attributed to the diethylamino group linked to one of the carbon atoms of the alkyne moiety.


Distribution of EPA Priority Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) in Agricultural Soils and vegetation from subtropical zone of China was studied. Soil samples and vegetation samples from Shantou were collected during March and November 2002 and PAH were identified using gas chromatography linked to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). PAH in soils was dominated by three-ring and four-ring PAH and the dominant individual PAH was naphthalene, phenanthrene,fluoranthene and beozo[b]fluornthene. However, PAH in vegetations dominated by three-ring PAH and the dominant individual PAH was naphthalene, phenanthrene. PAH would efficiently mobilization and transportation in the 0-100cm soil layer, thereinto the rate of input of PAH to the upper soils was higher than the rate of mobilization and transport. The factor influencing on PAH distribution in soils and vegetations were not only PAH own physical and chemic property but also physical and chemic character of soils, types of vegetations and environment conditions.


The present invention relates to a subscriber identity module (20) for use in a mobile device (10), in a memory of the subscriber identity module (20) (S1) and a second subscription (S2) are provided at least a first subscription. Furthermore, the subscriber identity module (20) has an attack-detection-device (22) which is adapted to detect an attack on at least one of the subscriptions (S1, S2).


An electronic system was designed which facilitates automatic determination of auditory threshold in single neurons. It consists of a response detector which is capable of rapid and accurate distinction of critical responses and an automatic attenuator which raises or lowers the sound intensity according to the absence or presence of signal from the response detector. A trial experiment using this device was performed with auditory neurons of goldfish. It proved to be effective in determining accurate thresholds in a minimum amount of time. Introduction The determination of auditory thresholds in unit neurons is an essential step in studies of the mechanism of hearing. The threshold should be determined by an exact and constant detection of responses to a given sound intensity. A relatively clear-cut response is detected by observing an oscilloscope or a sound monitor, but a critical response near the threshold is usually difficult to distinguish. Photographic recording is advantageous for discrimination of such a critical response, but it generally requires much time and effort for processing materials and analyses of the data. The discharge rate of a single neuron is not stable near the threshold intensity, and the threshold of a single neuron to a given frequency is usually defined as the lowest level of stimulus at which the rate of evoked discharge is above the background rate. Therefore, repeated trials with many up-and-down sweeps are neccessary to determine the threshold accurately. The up-and-down procedure with manual sweepings of sound intensity has been employed in most behavioral investigationsl 6 ), but it is inconvenient in an electrophysiological study when a large number of neurons are to be examined. A system which facilitates automatic determination of auditory threshold in single neurons was designed. It consists of an electronic response detector which is capable of rapid and accurate distinction of critical responses and an automatic attenuator which controls up-and-down sweepings depending on signals from the response detector. A trial experiment using this device was performed with auditory neurons of goldfish. * Laboratory of Physiology and Ecology, Faculty of Fisheries, Hokkaido University (:f~l'em:*~*gg~$~lJ!J!~~tm~.~) Present address: Department of Ophthalmology, Sapporo Medical College, Sapporo 060 (*LI\!It~W*~~W~~~) -14 SAWA: Instrument for auditory threshold determination Design of the Apparatus Response detector A series of action potentials of neurons are converted into standard pulses of the same amplitude and width by means of the Schmidt trigger circuit and a monostable multivibrator7), and then fed into the response detector. The detector consists of an F -V converter, a pair of peak detectors and a comparator (Fig. 1). F-V Converter INPUT '-----_____ --.J L-.. _____ -' OUTPUT Comparator SW.4 Fig. 1. Block diagram of the response detector. Through the F-V converter, the pulse train is converted to a DC voltage change according to the frequency of the input signal. At a period before the onset of sound stimulus SW1 is closed, then the output of the F-V converter is fed into the peak detector-A which detects the peak voltage of the input signal. This potential is held in the peak detector-A while conducted to one of the inputs of the comparator. Simultaneously with the onset of stimulus, SW1 is opened, whereas SW2 is closed. The output of the F-V converter is fed into the peak detector-B, and the detected peak voltage is led to the other input of the comparator. If the voltage detected by the peak detector-B exceeds that held by the peak detector-A, the polarity of the output of the comparator is reversed. In other words, if the rate of input pulses during the stimulation is higher than that before the onset of stimulus, a shift of the polarity occurs at the output of the comparator indicating the presence of responses to the stimulus. The SW2 is opened at the end of the stimulus. Then SW3 and SW4 are closed. Consequently, the voltages held by the peak detectors are cleared to the base voltage fixed at near 0 V, and the system is reset for the next step. The input and output signals of the F-V converter and control pulses which close or open the switchs (SW1' SW2, SW3 and SW4) are shown in Fig. 2 with the timing diagram for the sound stimulus. Figure 3 shows a wiring diagram of the response detector. The registorcapacitor time constant (R X C) of the F -V converter is reflected in the response time of the output DC potentiaF). A small time constant responds quickly to a change of the input signal, but it is disadvantageous for conversion to DC voltage particularly at a lower frequency of input pulses. If the time constant is increased, a smoother DC potential output is obtained, but the sensitivity to a rapid change of input signal is reduced. Four different time constants can be selected in the device according to the frequency component of the input signal. The conver15Bull. Fac. Fish. Hokkaido Univ. 30(1). 1979.


High concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) accumulate in predatory birds. Several PBDE congeners are considered thyroid disruptors; however, avian studies are limited. The authors examined circulating thyroid hormones and thyroid gland function of nestling American kestrels (Falco sparverius) at 17 d to 20 d of age, following embryonic exposure by maternal transfer only to environmentally relevant levels of PBDEs (DE‐71 technical mixture). Nestlings were exposed to in ovo sum (Σ) PBDE concentrations of 11 301 ± 95 ng/g wet weight (high exposure), 289 ± 33 ng/g wet weight (low exposure), or 3.0 ± 0.5 ng/g wet weight (controls, background exposure). Statistical comparisons are made to controls of the respective sexes and account for the relatedness of siblings within broods. Circulating concentrations of plasma total thyroxine (TT4) and total triiodothyronine (TT3) in female nestlings were significantly influenced overall by the exposure to DE‐71. Following intramuscular administration of thyroid‐stimulating hormone, the temporal response of the thyroid gland in producing and/or releasing TT4 was also significantly affected by the females' exposure to DE‐71. The altered availability of T4 for conversion to T3 outside of the gland and/or changes in thyroid‐related enzymatic activity may explain the lower TT3 concentrations (baseline, overall) and moderately altered temporal TT3 patterns (p = 0.06) of the treatment females. Controlling for the significant effect on TT3 levels of the delayed hatching of treatment females, baseline TT3 levels were significantly and positively correlated with body mass (10 d, 15 d, 20 d), with PBDE‐exposed females generally being smaller and having lower TT3 concentrations. Given that exposure concentrations were environmentally relevant, similar thyroidal changes and associated thyroid‐mediated processes relating to growth may also occur in wild female nestlings. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2084–2091. © 2016 SETAC


We consider the problem of state estimation in a Networked Control System, where measurements and control inputs are transmitted via a communication network. The network is subject to time-varying delays and stochastic data losses and does not provide acknowledgments of successfully transmitted data packets. A challenge that arises in this configuration is that the estimator has only uncertain information about the actually applied control inputs. In this paper, we derive a multiple-model based estimator that uses the state measurements to estimate the applied control inputs so that the overall state estimation is improved. The efficiency of the proposed approach is demonstrated by means of Monte-Carlo-Simulation runs with an inverted pendulum on a cart.


This catalogue, handsomely produced with over 450 high-quality photographs, documents the finds from Sardis to 1975; its three main sections (preceded by a brief introduction and characterisation of the material) cover respectively (1) the prehistoric, archaic and classical marbles [nos. 1-52], (2) the Hellenistic, Roman and Byzantine [nos. 53-228], and (3) sculptures from Sardis in other collections [nos. 229-71], with appendices on statue-bases and the personification of Sardis on a Tiberian base from Puteoli. In general the treatment is exemplary, though the Hellenistic and Roman pieces, far more numerous, are rather less comprehensively studied than the archaic and classical: here sensitive handling of the extensive ancillary literary, cpigraphical and archaeological evidence, and wide-ranging excursuses on the rich series of lions and stclai do much to account for the disparity. The existence of a distinctive local school that is more than simply provincial is suggested for the late archaic and Severan periods, to which I would add perhaps the later Hellenistic and Antonine. A few remarks on individual pieces are perhaps in order: (7) is the famous Cybele shrine, exhaustively described as befits its importance; the discussion would have benefited from consideration of Ridgway's remarks on early friezes, in Hesperia xxxv (1966) 188-204 ((/• now her Archaic Style, 262). (18), the 'Totenmahl' pediment, now not only extends the geographical range of classical Asian Mausolea from Lycia and Caria to Lydia but perhaps provides an ancestor, c. 440. (23)-(39), lions: see now Strocka, AA 1977, 481-512. The Hellenistic draped figures (53)-(7o) might have received closer study, though Linfert's useful Kunstzentren (1976) no doubt appeared too late for consideration. Of these, (53) is a common second-century neo-classical type: see my Attika (JHS Supplement 14, 1979), 51; (55) joins a group of reproductions of Caryatids from the Theatre at Miletus (Linfert, 22)—the Coa vestis suggests a date c. 100; (57), (59), (67), (68) and (246) recall late Hellenistic Magnesian work (cf. Linfert, 37 ff. and figs 52-3, etc.). A special study on the colossi from the Artemision (79)-(88), (102), (25i)-(252) is promised by Hanfmann, so the notices here are brief: of these, the superb akrolithic Zeus heralds the revival of both Pheidian iconography and classical techniques c. 200 B.C. (see Attika, 139-40); the Antonine cult group are major documents of the imperial cult, and Hanfmann's study is thus eagerly awaited. Other excellent lifesize portraits are (92), (95), (250) and (437): high-quality work abounds in Roman Sardis. The decorative sculpture is very fragmentary. For (116), another Farnese Herakles, see Vermeule, AJA lxxix (i975) 323-32. (127), Ganymede, improves upon Leochares' group in that the eagle is shown parcentetn unguibus. . . puero (Plin, N.H. xxxiv, 79) not etiam per uestem but on the boy's bare flesh. (128), a head of Tyche, was gilded all over. Pfuhl-Mobius, Die Ostgriechischen Grabreliefs, obviously appeared too late to help with the stelai (134)—(144), though Mobius saw and advised on the dating of most of them. (149) is the enigmatic and extraordinary 'tree-babies' relief. (i98)-(2o6), the Gymnasium capitals, are of great interest because exactly dated, to 211-12 A.D., fairly well-preserved, of good quality and apparently programmatic. (199) and (204) in particular arc superb, though the Alexander-Skopas connection should not be pressed too hard: in Jb. fir Numismatik u. Celdgeschichte xv (1965) 17-32, K. Kraft shows why Alexander-Ares heads are to be distrusted, and the style rather leans on post-Skopaic work like the Sparta/Boston head (Bieber, Alexander fig. 39) than on Skopas himself. Finally one may mention (226), the Socrates menorah, and (245), the Menophila relief with its remarkable accretion of symbols and helpfully explanatory epigram. In all this I only noticed two slips: on p. 27 the (dated) Atrastas stele is no. 234, and on p. 50 the reference should be to Herodotus v 62. A. F. STEWART University of California, Berkeley


Summary.

Afferent impulses from the abdominal viscera have been recorded from the splanchnic nerve and from fine strands of mesenteric nerves of the cat. The Pacinian corpuscles of the exposed mesentery were found to be extremely sensitive to the most gentle pressure, such as faint puff of air.

The small intestine very rarely receives any large medullated fibres, and light mechanical stimuli such as slight pressure or touch do not give rise to any inflow of impulses. Fast impulses can be elicited only from those parts of the mesentery possessing Pacinian corpuscles.

Injurious stimuli such as pinching applied to the intestinal wall as well as to the mesentery produce δ- and C-potentials. In addition to this, intense stimulation gives rise to large potentials waves apparently built up by slow C-potentials.

It is thus concluded that nociceptive reactions from the intestine are not produced by afferent fibers belonging to the α-or β-group but by δ- and C-fibers only.

Support is given for the view that the intestinal wall is supplied by afferent fibers able to produce nociceptive reactions in response to such mechanical stimuli which if applied to the skin, would elicit nociceptive reflexes. The sensibility of the intestine itself is thus to be looked upon as very much the same as that of the skin deprived of its fast-conducting afferent fibers, which respond to vibratory and light mechanical stimuli as well as to stronger pressure.


As the improvement of modern technical level on the athletic sports and the closing gap between athletes of their technology and body constitution,to the great extent,the victory or defeat of competition is decided by athletes' body constitution.By analyzing the reason of their anxiety and strain,the writer considers that the main reason is their high expectation,the great psychological shadow of the former defeat and deficient estimation of the difficulty.Thus choosing practical struggling goal,overcoming the nervous and worried emotion by adjusting the breath,impression motif training,recalling the former success,they can participate the competition with high spirit and achieve ideal result.


Detailed numerical modeling of combustion phenomena, soot formation, and radiation is an active area of research. In this work a general-purpose, pressure-based, finite volume code for modeling laminar diffusion flames has been incorporated into the CFD code OpenFOAM. The code uses a mixture-averaged model for the calculation of transport coefficients, and can be used to perform detailed modeling of multi-dimensional laminar flames using realistic molecular transport, and with detailed chemical mechanisms containing hundreds of chemical species and reactions. Two soot models have been incorporated into the code: a semi-empirical two-equation model, as well as a detailed Method of Moments with Interpolative Closure (MOMIC). An emission-only, optically-thin radiation model has also been included in the code to account for the radiative heat loss, and sophisticated radiation models with detailed calculations of spectral properties and radiative intensity have also been included. The flame code showed excellent scalability on massively distributed, high-performance computer systems. The code has been validated by modeling four axisymmetric, co-flowing laminar diffusion flames, and the results have been found to be mostly within experimental uncertainty, and comparable to results reported in the literature for the same and similar configurations. A number of parametric studies to study the effects of detailed gas-phase chemistry, soot models and radiation have also been performed on these flame configurations. It has been found that the flames considered in this work are all optically thin, and so the simple, emission-only, optically-thin radiation model can be used to model these flames with good accuracy and a reasonable computational effort. In particular, the detailed radiation models increase the computational cost by two orders of magnitude, and thus their applicability in a detailed calculation may be limited. It was found that the two-equation soot model used in conjunction with a gasphase mechanism that adequately describes the combustion of C2 hydrocarbons iii produces results in close agreement with experimental data for a 1-bar ethylene-air flame, a 10 bar methane-air flame, as well as an ethane-air flame at 10 bar. The detailed MOMIC soot model requires the use of a larger, more detailed gas-phase chemical mechanism containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) with four rings, and thus the computational cost associated with the MOMIC soot model is significantly higher. The detailed model was used to model the flames, and computed soot levels were within a factor of two of the experimental values, which is typically considered good agreement considering the complex physics involved. The last flame studied using both the soot models was a N2-diluted ethylene-air flame, in which the predicted values of major gas-phase species were seen to be close to the experimental values, but the soot levels were off by an order of magnitude. Notwithstanding the lack of agreement with measurements for this flame, the flame solver with the soot models was demonstrated to be a robust, scalable, and general code with potential applications to a variety of laminar flames in the non-premixed, partially premixed and premixed regimes.


The objective of this study is (1) to identify the potential of Banjar Nyuh Kuning Mas Village, Ubud has to offer as means of attraction in ecotourism which may be accomplished by identifying physical and non physical potential. (2) to develope a community based strategy in ecotourism. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling and accidental sampling. Data collection is accomplished through observatioan, questionaire, focus group discussion and documentation. Data analysis is by qualitative descriptive and SWOT. The result of this study is that Banjar Nyuh Kuning has the potential to be developed as an ecotourism on the basis of physical and non physical grounds. The perception of the community and tourists are in agreement to the developement of ecotourism activity which incorporate local community, nature oriented activity and has the potential to increase their income, thus resulting in a destination for leisure and recreation. There are a few results of alternative strategies such as; development strategies of ecotourism products, development strategies of human resources, development strategies of management and strategies in upgrading security. To make Banjar Nyuh Kuning as an attraction for ecotourism activity which is based on nature then the strategy for development has to be efficient and limited. Further study has to be taken for the marketing aspect and managing ecotourism object to further the developent in a comprehensive manner.


Medical treatment is mutual consent between two parties, the doctor on the one hand, and the patient on the other, to conduct a therapeutic intervention, which is initially the main goal of this research. By adopting an analytical and descriptive methodology for legal texts, opinions of jurisprudence, and judicial jurisprudence, the physician is free, in principle, to select and contract with his patients. This is what the study aims to clarify. The physician has the right to consent to contracting with or rejecting a specific patient, regardless of the nature of the motive. A doctor, like other people, has complete freedom to practice his profession in the manner that he pleases. As he has the right to accept or reject the invitation for treatment, he is not obligated to answer the patient's request. A critical reading of these texts and a comprehensive look at the opinions reveal that the doctor's refusal of treatment could come as a result of professional reasons and/or personal reasons. Others add the cases of religious convictions and the inability resulting from his lack of specialization in treating the disease. However, considering the concept of social justice, the freedom to practice the medical profession is no longer an absolute freedom exercised in that traditional individual spirit that entitles those with free professions to practice it or refrain from practicing it as they please, which is what the researcher seeks to explain. Medicine in general is nothing but a social function in which the practitioner must seek the spirit of social solidarity. As a result of these social views, the physician must commit to performing them according to the best interests of society. The doctor is not entitled to refrain from helping or answering the call of a patient. On the other hand, the study aims to clarify that medical treatment requires the patient's consent as well. It was found that there was a difference of jurisprudence regarding this, but it does not prevent the doctor from making obligations towards the patient. While some jurists believe that the doctor or surgeon has the right to impose a medical decision whose necessity he assesses in the light of his conscience and experience, even against the will of the patient, others maintain that he cannot treat the patient without taking his free and enlightened consent. Still others see that the patient must be satisfied specifically in certain cases. In this sense, the doctor is allowed to tell white or open lies. The study concluded that the doctor must, at all stages, show the patient the feasibility of the required treatment and surgery and the extent of their success before each medical or surgical intervention. The result of the recognition of the patient's right to maintain his physical sanctity must also work on the principle of the doctor's obligation to provide the patient with this information and inquiries until the patient's satisfaction comes enlightened or insightful despite the emergence of realistic problems related to obtaining the patient's satisfaction The study generally recommends: 1- Enacting new laws that override the jurisprudential differences over consent, define its cases and arrange responsibility for it. 2- Assigning a substitute to the doctor to enlighten the patient and search for his consent in specific cases 3- Appraising the creative role of jurisprudence in the article of medical contracting and resolving the related problems.


Alloys with ultrafine grains (UFG) offer high strength potentially combined with ductility. Until now, producing ultrafine grains in ingot alloys has required either severe plastic deformation techniques or flash annealing, neither of which are scalable to bulk alloy production. In this work, we formed submicronic grains in the metastable β titanium alloy Ti-20Nb-6Zr (at%), using conventional cold rolling and annealing at 823K in a conventional furnace. The cold rolling (298K) transformed the β structure mostly to α" martensite, but if the rolling temperature was raised to 453K, martensite formation was supressed, and no grain refinement occurred during the subsequent similar annealing treatment. Therefore, we attribute the formation of ultrafine grains to a mechanism involving stress-induced martensite and its reverse transformation.


PURPOSE: To reduce the power consumption of a tablet and the gain requirements of an amplifier and to improve noise resistance by providing a means for autonomously transmitting a plurality of pulses including engergy signals having respective characteristic frequencies. CONSTITUTION: The digitizer tablet 10 includes a sensor grid 12 including two arrays 14 each having mutually superposed coils and the coils of one side array are arranged in perpendicular to the coils of the other side array. During the use of the tablet 10, an electromagnetic signal is generated from a pen 16 and detected by the grid 12. In this case, an electromagnetic radiation pulse having characteristic frequency is transmitted. Pen state information such as pen tip contact information is encoded by various kinds of technique including pulse width modulation and pulse position modulation to transmit the pen state information to the table 10. In addition, the pen state information is encoded on a pulse-like frequency signal by frequency shift demodulation (FSK), phase shift modulation (PSK) or amplitude modulation(AM).


Macrosegregation has long been a topic of engineering importance, with recorded publications on the subject extending back nearly half a millennium. The phenomenon has assumed new importance in recent decades with the advent of new casting processes including continuous casting. This lecture reviews our current understanding of macrosegregation, with particular reference of carbon steel ingots and continuous castings. Aspects of the problem are noted where our understanding remains weak.


The article is dedicated to the works of one of contemporary Russian writers A.Borodinya. On the exam-ple of his "small novel" Matches we study the genre opportunities of the so called cyber literature that al-lows the author to make constant changes in the plot of his book to emphasize the principles of multiple truths and incompleteness of what is going on.


The problem of unemployment is one of the most important problems faced by most countries of the world, and it is one of the intractable problems in developing countries, and in Iraq unemployment occupies great importance due to its high rates. This problem in itself is a serious condition, because it results from mismanagement and the structure of the economy, and despite its great importance, it has not been carefully monitored. There are studies and strategies that deal with the analysis and study of those causes that lead to this problem, such as traditional statistical methods, various mathematical and statistical methods, in this research proposed a method uses machine learning methods to find the factors that affect the causes of this problem, as well as the multiple linear regression method.


In recent years, in the context of the educational reform, dominant position is held by the social demand for the inclusion of all students in the regular classroom and the request to redesign the educational process to align with the individualized needs of students. Τhe concept of inclusion, which view the heterogeneity in the light of social justice and equality, refers not simply to the placement of the SEN students in the mainstream school, but basically, to their dynamic engagement in every aspect of the educational process and in the social interactions that flow from it. "E-inclusive" pedagogy refers to teachers' decisions to providing their students innovative ways of learning and alternative means of completing their tasks, by incorporating the technology in the educational activities. The aim of this paper is to propose tech tools and e-services for the accessibility and active participation of students with special educational needs in teaching and learning procedures of the ordinary classroom and examine the role of teachers in realizing their inclusion / e-inclusion, as the main facilitators and modulators of the classroom settings to an open learning and development ecosystem. The results showed that teachers who provide authentic opportunities for interaction and learning for all their students and incorporate, flexibly, new technologies into their teaching strategies to meet their unique needs, contribute significantly to their acquisition of academic but mainly functional life skills, preparing them for substantial employment and integration opportunities in community life.


This chapter discusses the importance of customer value orientation to achieve good results from the sales team. The text analyzes how the management of several variables in human resources is fundamental towards good performance of the sales force. Their behavior and attitude is essential in helping companies develop long-term profitable relationships with customers. Hence, by assessing employee perceptions on incentive policies, and the training they have received, positive impacts on job satisfaction and customer orientation can be found. The career stage of the sales force has a relevant effect on management decisions as the life cycle influences the expectations of the sales force, the type of training, the incentive policies, and the level of commitment to the organization. In order to achieve good performance, it is essential to consider the dynamic and changing context where the omnichannel variable has a high presence in the reality of the sales area. For this reason, this chapter presents a model that can contribute to the empowerment of the sales force.


We study the convex duality method for robust utility maximization in the presence of a random endowment. When the underlying price process is a locally bounded semimartingale, we show that the fundamental duality relation holds true for a wide class of utility functions on the whole real line and unbounded random endowment. To obtain this duality, we prove a robust version of Rockafellar's theorem on convex integral functionals and apply Fenchel's general duality theorem.


For the first time, the concentration and enrichment of uranium solutions can be measured in one step. We have developed a new instrument to automatically measure the concentration and enrichment of uranium solutions through the adaptation of a commercial robot. Two identical solution enrichment systems are being installed in the Portsmouth Gaseous Diffusion Plant. These automated systems will reduce radiation exposure to personnel and increase the reliability and repeatability of the measurements. Each robotic system can process up to 40 batch and 8 priority samples in an unattended mode. Both passive gamma-ray and x-ray fluorescence (XRF) analyses are performed to determine total uranium concentration and {sup 235}U enrichment. Coded samples are read by a bar-code reader to determine measurement requirements, then assayed by either or both of the gamma-ray and XRF instruments. The robot moves the sample containers and operates all shield doors and shutters, reducing hardware complexity. If the robots is out of service, an operator can manually perform all operations.


The article deals with the problem of discourse transformations of communicative model "Author Addressee" and the linguistic mechanisms of the value aspects of the communicative space of magazines. The research has been performed on the texts of modern science popular and entertainment magazines.


We describe wavelength conversion film (WCF) specially designed for improving efficiency in crystalline silicon photovoltaic (c-Si PV) modules, which use the ultraviolet region of the sunlight spectra for use in Europium (Eu) complexes as photoluminescence (PL) materials. We developed methodologies for dispersing PL materials and evaluated the effects of WCF with regards to the differences in short circuit current densities between the cells and modules (▵J<inf>sc</inf>). We confirmed that ▵J<inf>sc</inf> = 0.5 mA/cm2 in an in-house testing with an artificial light source (solar simulator). In a field test with commercially available encapsulant, increases in the open circuit voltage (V<inf>oc</inf>), not only in increases in ▵J<inf>sc</inf> were also confirmed for the WCF modules. We also conducted the evaluations and obtained ▵J<inf>sc</inf> =0.63 mA/cm2 for WCF using a newly designed Eu complex.


In the present case report, a 61-year-old male presented with a slowly progressing conical keratotic growth measuring 2.5 cm over the right ear. The lesion, which was non-tender on palpation, resembled a cutaneous horn or cornu cutaneum-an outgrowth made of compact keratin that rises above the skin's surface. Since the clinical appearance of this uncommon benign tumour, known as Inverted Follicular Keratosis (IFK), is difficult to distinguish from other conditions, histopathology is the only method that can establish the diagnosis. No abnormalities were detected during general and systemic examination. The lesion was excised, and histopathological examination confirmed it as a case of IFK.


As an educational philosophy,whole language teaching brings a great influence to language teaching field as well as the education field through the world.The article explores on the term of whole language,the theoretical foundation teaching principles,teaching practice and its rationality limitations.The purpose is to enhance the development of English teaching.


Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) or haemophagocytic syndrome is a rare but life-threatening syndrome of excessive immune activation with nonspecific clinical presentation. HLH is one of the complications in dengue infection. A 69-year-old lady was treated for severe dengue with multi-organ dysfunction with superimposed pneumonia, requiring mechanical ventilation. However, persistent cytopenia despite blood transfusion without evidence of haemorrhage raised the suspicion of HLH. Further blood investigations revealed hypertriglyceridaemia, hypofibrinogenaemia and hyperferritinaemia. Bone marrow aspiration showed haemophagocytosis. Patient fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for HLH by HLH-2004 trial. Her HScore is 281, with the probability of having HLH is 99.9%. Patient's condition improved after administration of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and intravenous dexamethasone in tapering doses. Early specific treatment of HLH with IVIG and/or corticosteroid is important but diagnosis is usually delayed due to nonspecific clinical findings and laboratory results. High index of suspicion with the aid of diagnostic criteria by HLH-2004 trial and HScore is helpful to recognise this syndrome.


Three looplike mass ejection transients observed from earth with the SOLWIND coronagraph and the solar maximum mission coronagraph are imaged by Helios spacecraft zodiacal light photometers. Because the Helios spacecraft are not earth orbiting, views of these ejections from the two perspectives allow conclusions to be drawn about their three-dimensional shapes. The mass ejection of May 24, 1979, in Helios data is concentrated in an outer structure followed by bright features separated by a region of depleted material. The ejections of June 18 and 29, 1980, appear restricted in position angle in Helios observations to less and the same, respectively, as in coronagraph observations. The observations imply that the ejections essentially retain their basic structure and speed out to heights (0.2–0.4 AU) observed by the Helios spacecraft.


Analyzing the core characteristics of a research-type university and the basic institutional organization of a common university, the difference between them is found out and the essence of the former is further clarified. A research-type university should always aim at research as its fundamental function and be featured distinctively with intellectual elite education. The basic institutional organization of a research-type university is the same to common ones, i.e., the vertical function leadership, function divisions and matrix structure. However, to meet the core requirements of a research-type university with respect to institutional organization, it shall differ mainly from a common university in that there must be the network and virtual systems in addition to the functional divisions and matrix structure.


OBJECTIVE
New fluoride varnishes have been marketed that reportedly release more fluoride (Enamel Pro) or release fluoride more slowly (Vanish XT). The purpose of this study was to compare the amount and rate of fluoride release of new fluoride varnishes with other traditional fluoride varnishes.

METHOD AND MATERIALS
Extracted molars were cut into block sections. The enamel surfaces of the sections were painted with Enamel Pro, Duraphat, Vanish, or Vanish XT fluoride varnishes. One group was not treated and served as a negative control. The tooth sections were immersed in artificial saliva. The concentration of fluoride in parts per million was measured after the first 30 minutes, daily for the first week, and weekly until the level was below the limit of detection. Fluoride release was plotted over time. Cumulative fluoride release and rate of release (slope) were analyzed using one-way ANOVA/Tukey (α = .05).

RESULTS
Enamel Pro had the greatest cumulative fluoride release. There was no significant difference between Duraphat and Vanish. Vanish XT had the lowest cumulative fluoride release. The rate of fluoride release from 1 week to limit of detection was Enamel Pro > Vanish > Duraphat > Vanish XT.

CONCLUSION
The two newly marketed fluoride varnishes (Enamel Pro and Vanish XT) had significantly different fluoride release from the two conventional fluoride varnishes (Duraphat and Vanish).


Over the last few decades, considering the impending global energy and environmental crisis, paramount development in nuclear energy has been widely observed as an alternative high power density and low-carbon...


The world demand for medicinal and aromatic plant products is growing at the rate of 7.5% per annum. To meet the world demand, an experiment was conducted during 2007-09 (1st year) and 2009-11 (2nd year) at College Research Farm, Baba Raghav Das Post Graduate College, Deoria, Uttar Pradesh, India on various sodic soils. The main objective of the experiment was to select the suitable and profitable medicinal and aromatic plants in different sodic soils. Experimental results showed that palmarosa produced highest oil yield 154.25, 145.75, 145.00 and 144.10 kg/ha followed by other plants under various sodic soils. Profitability of experiment indicated that palmarosa gave highest net returns of Rs. 71675, 62125, 61750 and 60160/ha with more benefit : cost ratio of 1.97, 1.55, 1.54 and 1.47 followed by other plants under various sodic soils. On the basis of results, palmarosa plant was more suitable and profitable under various ranges of sodic soils. Therefore, if managed judiciously, sodic soils can be successfully utilized for growing of palmarosa, lemon grass and khus without using amendments.


To provide a high-expansion absorption medium having a low solidifying tendency in a moist environment and / or high temperature. A the absorbent medium is a non-ionic nitrogen-containing surfactant and, optionally, coated with a Lewis acid, and consisting of heat-treated swellable polymer.


The invention is a non-invasive diagnostic test which is performed on the surface of the skin. This test indicates skin cholesterol levels which can provide information about the extent of aortic atherosclerosis. The invention also relates to reagents in the form of affino-enzymatic test compounds for use in the diagnostic test.


Since the introduction of drug therapy in depression, a wide range of pharmacological substances has been made available. It is possible to show that many of these substances are more effective than a placebo in the treatment of depression, but it is not an easy matter to evaluate them in relation to one another.


The main aim of this intervention was to improve the narrative writing skills through the use of comic strips. It was performed with 16 tenth year students at Hernan Gallardo Moscoso high school. Action Research was adopted as the research design of this study; and it was designed with nine sessions. Two researcher's made-tests and questionnaires were used to measure the students' progress and perception about comic strips. Observation sheets were also used every session to observe the students' progress. Extensive reading and technology offered valuable help along each stage of the research process. The intervention results indicated that the use of comic strips facilitated meaningfully the improvement of narrative writing skills. Data provided by tables and figures showed that the students had better results in recognizing the structure and sequence of narrative writing. It is concluded that this study helped the students to improve their narrative writing skills.


Granular computing emerges as a new theory of intelligence computing and has received much attention at present.However,there are few researches on feasible granule representation models and reasoning methods in different granular levels.Undoubtedly,it is significant to put fuzzy rough set in the framework of granular computing for processing complex information system and solving complex problems.At first,cartesian product provided us with a method for constructing information granularity in fuzzy relation.Then the paper presented fuzzy rough operator that in different granularities.Moreover,a hierarchy model was formed.Finally,the problem of how to choose the coarser degree of granularity in fuzzy information system was also taken into account,and an example put forward maked it clear that the whole process of constructing granularity.The research we have done suggests that a concrete and useful framework for granular computing is provided.


Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is an invaluable technique in pathology that allows for the localization and characterization of specific antigens within tissues using specific antibodies. Over the years, IHC has revolutionized the field of diagnostic pathology, providing critical information about the molecular and cellular composition of tissues. This comprehensive review article aims to provide an overview of the principles, methodologies, applications, and challenges of IHC in pathology. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a vital technique in pathology that allows for the detection and visualization of specific antigens within tissue samples. This article provides an overview of the principles, methodology, and applications of IHC in pathology. The principles of immunoreactivity, antibody selection, and detection methods are discussed, highlighting their importance in achieving accurate and reliable results. The methodology of IHC, including tissue preparation, antigen retrieval, and visualization techniques, is outlined to guide researchers and pathologists in implementing the technique effectively. The article also explores the role of antibodies in IHC, emphasizing the differences between monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, as well as the significance of antibody validation and quality control. The applications of IHC in pathology are described, ranging from tumor classification and prognostic assessments to the detection of infectious agents and the characterization of autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, the article examines advancements and challenges in IHC, such as multiplex staining, digital pathology, quality control, and interpretation. Finally, emerging techniques, including the integration of next-generation sequencing and artificial intelligence, are discussed as future perspectives for IHC. Overall, this comprehensive overview demonstrates the indispensable role of IHC in pathology and its continuous evolution to meet the ever-expanding needs of diagnostic and research endeavors.


we read with interest the letter to the Editor by Pizzi et al.: "Lymph node core needle biopsy for the diagnosis of lymphoproliferative disorders: a word of caution"1 which is a comment to an article by Cohen et al.2 Pizzi et al.1 maintain that lymph node core needle biopsy (LN-CB)3-5 should not be adopted routinely and that incisional/excisional (surgical) biopsy should be performed in all suitable cases. The authors reported some cases in which the histological examination of the whole lymph node redefined and corrected diagnoses previously performed by LN-CB. Although we agree that in specific cases surgical biopsy is warranted to diagnose or classify lymphadenopathies, we humbly dissent from the authors conclusions for the following reasons.


TRANSIENT global disorders of cognition and attention, usually referred to as delirium or acute confusional states, are one of the most common and important forms of psychopathology in later life.1 2 3 4 5 6 Hodkinson has stated, "Acute mental confusion as a presenting symptom holds a central position in the medicine of old age. Its importance cannot be overemphasized, for acute confusion is a far more common herald of the onset of physical illness in an older person than are, for example, fever, pain or tachycardia."7 The elderly, especially the very old, are uniquely prone to delirium as a consequence of almost any physical . . .


Healthy sleep, positive general affect, and the ability to regulate emotional experiences are fundamental for well-being. In contrast, various mental disorders are associated with altered rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, negative affect, and diminished emotion regulation abilities. However, the neural processes mediating the relationship between these different phenomena are still not fully understood. In the present study of 42 healthy volunteers, we investigated the effects of selective REM sleep suppression (REMS) on general affect, as well as on feelings of social exclusion, emotion regulation, and their neural underpinnings. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging we show that REMS increases amygdala responses to experimental social exclusion, as well as negative affect on the morning following sleep deprivation. There was no evidence that emotional responses to experimentally induced social exclusion or their regulation using cognitive reappraisal were impacted by diminished REM sleep. Our findings indicate that general affect and amygdala activity depend on REM sleep, while specific emotional experiences possibly rely on additional psychological processes and neural systems that are less readily influenced by REMS.


ABSTRACT Objectives: Youth on farms are at risk for injuries and illnesses, including asthma, which continues to disproportionately affect minority groups. Methods: For this study, the 2008 Minority Farm Operator Childhood Agricultural Injury Survey (M-CAIS) data were used to estimate the prevalence of asthma among youth aged 0–19 years living on racial minority-operated farms. Youth were considered to have a lifetime diagnosis of asthma based on an affirmative response to the question "Has he/she ever been diagnosed as having asthma by a health professional?" Results: In 2008, of the estimated 37,400 youth (0–19 years) who lived on racial minority operated farms, 11% had asthma. Asthma prevalence was highest among males (13%) and youth 10–19 years of age (12%). Asthma prevalence among youth varied by race, ranging from 13% among household youth living on Black/African American operated farms to 7% among youth living on Asian/Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander operated farms. In 2008, nearly half (46%) of household youth (0–19 years) worked on the farm. The odds of having asthma were higher among working youth compared with non-working youth (POR, 1.5; 95% CI: 1.3–1.8). Conclusion: Disparities in asthma among youth living or working on racial minority-operated farms were observed. These findings may assist agricultural safety and health researchers, practitioners, and educators in identifying and designing targeted interventions to reduce asthma burden among youth on racial minority-operated farms.


Fibrin formation and platelet aggregation are the two main mechanisms governing hemostasis in animals. The two mechanisms are separate, yet synergistic, in controlling bleeding and providing a defense mechanism against vascular injury and foreign surfaces. Fibrin formation involves activation of the intrinsic coagulation cascade. The cascade is initiated by plasma proteins adsorbing onto an activating surface (e.g., polymers, negatively charged collagen, or activated platelet membranes). Various proteolytic enzymes are involved in the cascade, leading to the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin. Thrombin then converts fibrinogen to fibrin monomers that are subsequently cross-linked to form a fibrin network (clot).' Platelet aggregation and adhesion are initiated by exposure of blood to activating agents, such as polymer surfaces, sublayer structures of injured vasculature (microfibrils, basement membranes or collagen), established fibrin clots, or various chemicals (ADP, seritonin). Platelets attach to surfaces, then activate and contract to release the contents of their intracellular granules (ADP and ATP). These agents stimulate further platelet aggregation to ultimately form a platelet plug and release platelet factors.2 Fibrin formation and platelet aggregation are controlled by heparin and prostaglandins, respectively. Heparin is an effective antithrombotic agent for certain conditions. Its interactions with antithrombin I11 (ATIII) and prevention of fibrin clot formation are well doc~mented. ' .~ Prostaglandins (PG12, PGE,, and PGDJ interact with membrane-bound platelet receptors to inhibit platelet adhesion and aggregation .2*4 Many research groups have demonstrated release of heparin from various polymer surfaces, including Teflon (PTFE),' polyvinyl alcohols,6 and several other In clinical trials, the results showed a decrease in fibrin formation; however, a significant number of platelets had adhered and aggregated on the surfaces. Heyman et al." studied the in vitro and in vivo release phenomena of heparin using implanted catheters in dogs. They were able to correlate the in vitro release rate with the biocompatibility of the device in short-term experiments. It also confirmed the minimal release rate described by Tanzawa," which allowed minimal thrombus formation on the surface. The prevention of platelet surface activation can be controlled by the release of


This paper summarizes our research findings on optimizing the symbolic execution of evolving state machines using incremental analysis. I. PROBLEM AND MOTIVATION Model Driven Engineering (MDE) is a model-centric software engineering approach that aims at improving the productivity and the quality of software artifacts by focusing on models as first-class artifacts in place of code. MDE has been widely used for over a decade in many domains such as automotive and telecommunication industries. Iterativeincremental development and model-based analysis are central to MDE in which artifacts typically undergo several iterations and refinements during their lifetime that may require changes to their initial design versions. As these models evolve, it is necessary to assess their quality by repeating the analysis and the verification of these models after every iteration or refinement. This process, if not optimized, can be very tedious and time consuming. The IBM Rational Rhapsody framework [1] is one of the MDE commercial tools that is heavily used in practice (e.g., in the automotive industry). Rhapsody Statecharts (also known as Harel's Statecharts [2]) are a visual state-based formalism implemented in the IBM Rational Rhapsody framework to describe the behavior of reactive systems. They extend Mealy Machines a type of Finite State Machines (FSMs) that perform their action only on firing transitions with state entry and exit actions and hierarchical composite states with orthogonal regions. Symbolic execution is a well-known analysis technique that systematically explores all possible execution paths of behavioral software artifacts (e.g., programs [3] and statebased models [4], [5]) using symbolic inputs such that we can derive precise characterizations of the circumstances in which a specific path is taken. The output of the analysis is a symbolic execution tree (SET) which provides the basis for various types of analysis and verification, including reachability analysis, guard analysis, invariant checking and instant test case generation. One of the key challenges of symbolic execution is scalability, especially when applied to big, complex artifacts where the size of the output SET becomes very large. Repeating the entire analysis even after small changes is not the best solution. This research introduces two complementary optimization techniques that leverage the similarities between state machine versions to reduce the cost of symbolic execution of the evolved version. The motivation is based on a number of facts. First, symbolic execution has been shown to be a very powerful method for the analysis of programs and there are already several commercial code analysis tools built based on it (e.g., CodeSonar [6]). Similarly, the technique has been adopted and applied in the context of state-based models (e.g., the IAR visualSTATE Verificator [7]). Second, there is an interest from our industrial partner to improve the model-level analysis capabilities of the IBM Rhapsody tool. Third, research on optimizing the symbolic execution of evolving programs has been recently addressed [8], [9], however to the best of knowledge we are the first to consider such optimizations for the symbolic execution of evolving state machines. II. BACKGROUND AND RELATED WORK Although the majority of existing analysis methods for Statecharts-like models (e.g., UML state machines, UML-RT, STATEMATE and Simulink Stateflow) make use of some existing formal verification tools, mainly model checkers such as SPIN [10], [11] or SMV [12], there are also approaches that adopt the symbolic execution analysis technique of programs and use it in the context of state-based models including: • Modechart specifications (a variation of Harel Statecharts that incorporates timing constraints in the models) for test sequences generation [13]; • Labelled Transition Systems (LTSs) for test case generation [14] and test case selection [15]; • Input Output Symbolic Transition Systems (IOSTSs) [4] for test purpose definition; • STATEMATE statecharts [16] and UML State Machines [17] for verifying temporal properties of the subject models; • Simulink/Stateflows [18] for analysis and test case generation of flight software using Java PathFinder and Symbolic PathFinder; • UML-RT State Machines [5] to support a variety of analyses for this type of models. In our work, we followed the approach of Zurowska and Dingel [5] with some variations to develop a symbolic execution module for Rhapsody Statecharts. In contrast to their work [5], our intermediate machine representation of Rhapsody Statecharts takes the form of Mealy Machines instead of their Functional Finite State Machines (FFSMs). Additionally, our symbolic execution module is based on an off-the-shelf symbolic execution engine, KLEE [19], to symbolically execute action code encountered in the Statecharts, whereas they use an in-house symbolic execution engine. In his statement paper "Evolution, Adaptation, and the Quest for Incrementality", Ghezzi [20] argues that supporting software evolution requires building incremental methods and tools to speed up the maintenance process with the focus on the analysis and the verification activities. An incremental approach in such contexts would try to characterize exactly what has been changed and reuse (as much as possible) the results of previous processing steps in the steps that must be rerun after the change. The motivation for this is twofold: time efficiency and scalability. Given the iterative development approach suggested by MDD, we believe that this vision needs to be employed by modern analysis and verification methods. Existing approaches to alleviate the scalability problem and improve the efficiency of symbolic execution when reapplying on an evolving version of a program are discussed in [9] and [8]. In [9], Yang et al. present memoized symbolic execution of source code a technique that stores the results of symbolic execution from a previous run and reuses them as a starting point for the next run of the technique to avoid the re-execution of common paths between the new version of a program and its previous one, and to speed up the symbolic execution for the new version. The same idea has been applied earlier by Lauterburg et al. in [21] but in the context of state-space exploration for evolving programs using model checking. In [8], Person et al. introduce DiSE (directed incremental symbolic execution) a technique that uses static analysis and change impact analysis to determine the differences between program versions and the impact of these differences on other locations in the program, and uses this information to direct the symbolic execution to only explore those impacted locations. A similar approach has been proposed by Yang et al. in [22] for regression model checking. In contrast to all the aforementioned approaches, which work for optimizing the analysis of evolving programs, our work tries to realize the same concept for evolving state machine models. III. APPROACH AND UNIQUENESS Inspired by the research work for optimizing the symbolic execution of evolving programs [8], [9], we propose two different optimization techniques that leverage the similarities between state machine versions to reduce the cost of symbolic execution of the evolved version. The first technique, called memoization-based symbolic execution (MSE), reuses the SET generated from a previous analysis and incrementally updates the relevant parts corresponding to the changes made to the new version. The second technique integrates a change impact analysis (i.e., dependency analysis) technique with the symbolic execution to implement what we call dependencybased symbolic execution (DSE)1. The dependence analysis allows us to identify the unaffected parts of an evolved artifact; complete exploration of these parts is not necessary, and only a single representative path needs to be found during exploration. Consequently, the resulting SET is not complete, but it is sufficient to determine the impact of the change on any SET-based analysis. A well-known example of applications that can benefit from such optimization techniques is regression testing which is a crucial software evolution task that aims at ensuring that no unintended behavior has been introduced to the system after the change. A naive approach to regression testing usually depends on re-running some existing test suite which has been generated to validate the previous version of the system. This process is expensive and time consuming and it is usually supported with some optimization mechanisms including test case selection and prioritization. Since symbolic execution can be used to generate these test suites, optimizing the symbolic execution of the new versions of an artifact can also be added to these optimization mechanisms. Figure 1 shows the main components of the architecture implementing the standard symbolic execution (SE) of Rhapsody Statecharts and the two proposed optimization techniques of an evolved Rhapsody Statechart: the memoization-based symbolic execution (MSE) and the dependency-based symbolic execution (DSE). The components of the architecture are listed below with a brief description of the purpose of each component. Full details can be found in a technical report [23]. SC2MLM A transformation that transforms a Statechart model into our MLM representation. The basic structure of our MLM formalism consists of a set of global variables (sometimes called attributes), a set of simple states with one of them marked as an initial state, and a set of transitions between these states. Simple states in MLMs do not have entry/exit actions. Transitions are characterized in the same way as in Rhapsody Statecharts by an event that triggers them, an optional guard and an action that occurs upon firing them. More advanced features that are found in Rhapsody Statecharts such as composite states, concurr


Computer aided diagnosis (CAD) has been important more than ever for accurate diagnosis of liver tumors. The paper presents a novel image representation method for classifying normal livers and livers with tumors. It starts by capturing region of interesting (ROI) for individual livers, on which patches are extracted densely. Histogram of oriented gradients (HOG) and intensity are then extracted as patch features. Taking the feature clustering centers in the training images as coding dictionary, sparse coding is used as a coding scheme for the patch extracted from both train and test images. And an effective image representation is then generated based on bag of features (BOF). In this study, an optimized coding method based on the dictionary elements nearby are utilized, which accelerate the coding procedure. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed image representation method achieves higher classification rate.


The utility model in particular relates to a special clamp for a crankshaft lathe, which comprises a clamp body, wherein the clamp body comprises a receiving tray and a clamp seat, a trapezoidal screw is arranged between the receiving tray and the clamp seat, both ends of the trapezoidal screw are installed on a trapezoidal screw bearing fixed on the receiving tray, the clamp seat is connected with the trapezoidal screw through a slide block, a clamping tank is arranged at the other end of the clamp seat, a clamping tank bearing is arranged between the clamping tank and the clamp seat, an index positioning pinhole is arranged on the clamp seat, the clamping tank and the clamp seat are fixed through rhombic positioning pins and clamped through clamp rings, and a pressing block and a positioning block are arranged at the outer end of the clamping tank. The utility model solves the defects of large processing difficulty and low processing efficiency caused by no specialized clamp when a crankshaft is processed in the prior art, and the special clamp for the crankshaft lathe has the advantages of convenient use, wide application range, high processing precision and high efficiency.


In writing an editorial for this issue on mineral resources, I was immediately reminded of The Limits to Growth (Meadows et al. 1972), a book that I read avidly from cover to cover as a young postdoc. For anybody interested in humanity's effect on the environment and its nearterm consequences, it is still a fascinating read. The authors summarised a computer model of the likely effects of sustained economic growth on the Earth and the human population. Based on historical data from 1900 to 1970, they observed exponential growth in total human population, resource consumption, food consumption, industrialisation and environmental pollution. They fitted exponential growth curves to the data and assumed in their "standard model" that there was a 250year supply of all resources at 1970 rates of consumption. They then developed what they considered to be appropriate feedback loops between the different parameters, such as between resource consumption and rate of industrialisation, food consumption and available arable land, gross national product (GNP) per capita, and birth rate. These feedback loops were added to the model, which was constructed to project how the global system would develop out to the year 2100. The results were startling.


With respect to fuel consumption and CO2 emissions, driver behavior is very important. In order to establish a fair policy of tolling based on CO2 emissions, it is then of uttermost importance that a distinction between "good" and "bad" drivers is established, and that the "ecological toll" is proportional to the actual CO2 emissions of the vehicle as it is driven by a specific driver. In short, CO2 taxation should be inline with the "pay per use" philosophy that is now becoming prevalent in the road domain. This charge – named "eco toll" onwards – is based on numerical correlations for fuel consumption and CO2 emissions of gasoline and diesel light-duty vehicles. These correlations can then be incorporated in the vehicle "Road User Charging OBU" so a taxation policy based on CO2 emissions can be applied in certain zones, instead or on top of, other tolls. The combination the GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) positioning with the estimation of the CO2 emissions can provide a sound platform for the eco-toll. Based on the above goals, two approaches for calculating CO2 emissions are possible. The first – based on the availability of vehicle speed, acceleration and road grade – requires that the precise position of the vehicle is known at all times. The second – based on the availability of engine operation data such as calculated load and intake air flow – requires additionally on-board diagnostics (OBD) information.


Presented is the CrIS EDU2 test program, including EDU2 sensor, test methodology, test equipment, procedures, and the EDU2 test schedule which focuses on risk mitigation for radiometric and structural performance.


Through comprehensively using both the method of quantitative analysis and the theory of exploitation,utilization and sustainable development of marine resources,the paper analyzed and evaluated the exploitation and utilization of marine resources of Dalian city,discussed the existent problems in the utilization of marine resources of Dalian,and put forward some suggestions and countermeasures for the exploitation and utilization of marine resources of Dalian in the period of "The 12th Five-year Plan".


The key to social harmony lies in good governance which focuses on the construction of democracy and legislation.China's system transition is marked by up-down reform-style on economic and social aspects promoted by government.In the process of transition from centralized power to decentralized power,stable development has been a landmark of China's success.The design of state system shouldn't be too utopian and perfect.Democratic politics is the premise of harmonious society and the source of governance legitimacy as well as its end-result.While there is no democracy,there can be no harmonious society.


Noble gases are widely used in studies of the basic properties and dynamics of natural systems including the ocean. This chapter describes some of the more extensive applications of noble gases (mainly helium isotopes) to studies of oceanographic problems. They include the modern oceanic circulation, paleo-oceanography, hydrothermal and cold brine systems in the deep ocean, and ocean/atmosphere gas exchange.