This article discusses the issues with regard to the admissibility of the personally obtained videotapes or recording tapes as criminal evidences, and examines the validity of trends in the Korean Supreme Court`s decisions concerning "exclusionary rule," the "hearsay rule," and the "best evidence rule." The "exclusionary rule" was stipulated in the Korean "Statute of Criminal Procedure" §308-2 in 2007, and the Korean Supreme Court has reasonably ruled that the exclusionary rule should be strictly applied with limited exceptions. The balancing test of objective weighing judicial justice and the goal of fact finding has been used for judging the suppression of illegally obtained evidences. The Court has also addressed that the evidences obtained in violation of the Korean "statute for the protection of telecommunication" could be admissible in some specific situations based on justification defense in the Korean Criminal Code §20. In the author`s view, necessity defense or self defense could be employed for deciding the admissibility of such evidences. When it comes to the "hearsay rule," the Court has discerned the character of the content of personally taken video tapes or recording tapes, and has ruled differently on the requirements for the admission of these kinds of evidences depending on whether or not the stater in the content is the defendant on trial. However, the attitude of the Court going directly to the provisory clause of the Korean "Statute of Criminal Procedure" §313 ① should be modified. Furthermore, the Court`s routine reliance on the court`s verification report on the authentication of the deposition of video tapes or recording tapes is against the "best evidence rule."


On the relation between copper-lead-zinc minerals and pyrite in the orignal ore,the effect of pyrite to the flotation of copper and Lead-zinc,and to the operations of comptete mixiag,complete desulfurization and seperation was described in defail,concluded that the key to enhance the flotation index of polymetallic ore was to handle the teudency of pyrite.


e306 www.ccmjournal.org May 2016 • Volume 44 • Number 5 (ΔPpleural = Vt × Ecw). As further summarized by Lakhal et al, our study highlights "...the cause for false negativity of PPV (too low ΔPpleural because of too low Vt and/or too low Ecw), ..." Finally, they asked a clinically relevant question: "...could a high Ecw be source of high PPV, even in a patient not responding to volume expansion (false positive for PPV)?" Given the significant correlation of Ecw with ΔPpleural (R = 0.84; p < 0.001) (2), it is highly likely that, in ARDS patients with a "too high" Ecw, the cyclic swings in pleural pressure (ΔPpleural) should be excessive, causing high PPV values even in nonresponders. This assertion agrees with our results in that both the Ecw (13.4 [12.0–19.2] vs 9.02 [7.63–11.8] cm H 2 O/L; p = 0.004) and the ratio of Ecw to respiratory system elastance (0.48 [0.36–0.56] vs 0.32 [0.25–0.41]; p = 0.03) were significantly higher in 12 nonresponders with a PPV greater than or equal to 10% (false positive) than in 32 other nonresponders with a PPV less than 10% (true negative). Furthermore, normalization of PPV by Ecw could markedly decrease the false-positive rate, such that only three nonresponders had a PPV/Ecw higher than 0.996 (the best cutoff value). We agree that our study could suggest a cause for falsepositive results of PPV in ARDS: a "too high" Ecw. However, the normalization of PPV by Ecw could not exclude all PPV false positives, and some PPV false positives occur in the absence of a "too high Ecw," suggesting that false-positive cases of PPV observed in ARDS patients should not be attributed solely to "too high Ecw." Actually, some other factors have been proposed to explain the false-positive cases. For example, a number of studies (3, 4) have clearly indicated that the presence of right ventricular (RV) dysfunction or acute cor pulmonale (ACP) may also cause falsely high PPVs in nonresponders although it is still a matter of debate (5). As already discussed in our article (2), it cannot be excluded that the presence of RV dysfunction or ACP may be responsible for some false-positive cases of PPV in our study population since we did not perform echocardiography. Thus, which factor (a "too high Ecw" or the presence of ACP) plays a prominent role in generating high PPV values in nonresponders remains an unsettled question. The authors have disclosed that they do not have any potential conflicts of interest.


The advent of high fuel costs and the increasing crowding of
shipping lanes have initiated considerable interest in ship automatic
pilot systems, that not only hold the potential for reducing
propulsion losses due to steering, but also maintain tight control
when operating in confined waterways.
Since the two requirements differ significantly in terms of
control specification it is natural to consider two separate operating
modes. Conventional autopilots cannot be used efficiently here,
partly because the original design catered for good gyrocompass
heading control only, and partly because the requirement of reducing
propulsion losses cannot be easily translated into control action in
such schemes.
Linear quadratic control can be used to design a dual mode
autopilot. The performance criterion to be minimised can readily
be related to either the propulsion losses while course-keeping,
or to the change of heading while manouevring, and therefore, the
same controller can be used for both functions. The designed control
system is shown, from the computer simulation study, to perform
satisfactorily in disturbed seas. However, the need for detailed
knowledge of the ship dynamics in the controller design implies that
time-consuming ship trials may be required. Hence an alternative
method of design using adaptive self-tuning control is studied.
Because the self-tuning approach combines controller design and
coefficient identification in such a way that the two processes
proceed simultaneously, only the structure of the equation of ship
motion is needed. As in the case of quadratic control, a well
specified performance criterion is firmly linked to the design so that
a closely controlled optimal performance results.


The aim. To find out the motivation of students of pedagogical specialties to physical education classes.Methods. The paper uses: theoretical analysis, psychological and pedagogical research methods, questionnaires.Results. It was found that more than 50% of female students are satisfied with their professional choice.They have a clear intention to master the chosen profession, because they like it; want in the future by professionand to improve in the chosen direction; find time to do things related to the chosen profession; seek to havecolleagues in the chosen field; distinguish their profession among others. A high level of interest in physicaleducation was shown by 20.93% of female students, 32.95% – high, 25.19% – medium, low – 11.4, and 9.69%have no such interest. Conclusion. The most common motives for physical education for female students are tostrengthen their health (98.84%), improve their physical fitness (84.50%) and improve their body structure(41.86%). The main reasons that are an obstacle to physical culture are lack of time (51.55%), poor health(20.54%), lack of sports sections that would interest them (11.24%), sports infrastructure ( 4.65%), exercisepartners (10.85%), sportswear and footwear (9.69%).Keywords: physical culture, students, motives.


For 100 years from 1889 to 1989 the railway line between Cooma and Queanbeyan was the main transport link from the region through to Sydney. The line reached Nimmitabel in 1912 and Bombala in 1921 and thereafter known as the Bombala line. A heritage railway group, Cooma Monaro Railway, has restored the Cooma Railway Station and has been operating day trips by 1920's built Rail Motors.


Infusion pumps and syringe pumps are devices used to administer liquid medicines to patients. The frequency of using the infusion pump and syringe pump in the long term will affect the accuracy of the tool. Accuracy is very important in dosing to patients in critical conditions who require intensive care to prevent fluid balance in the body. Therefore, periodic calibration of medical devices is required at least once a year. Calibration according to Permenkes No. 54 of 2015 is a calibration activity to determine the correctness of a tool. The purpose of this research is to make an Infusion Device Analyzer (IDA) with a TFT LCD displaying a graph of flowrate parameters. The method used is to analyze the flowrate value using an infrared photodiode sensor and can see the stability of the flowrate graph on a 7-inch TFT LCD from the use of 2 brands of syringes and an infusion set. The results obtained can be stored on the SD Card. The measurement results show that the error in the performance of the syringe and infusion pump read by the module on Channel 1 with the Terumo syringe is 0.15 (10 ml/h), 0.1 (50ml/h) and 0.03 (100ml/h). . On Channel 2 it is 0.02(10ml/hour), 0.03 (50ml/hour) and 0.04(100ml/hour). When using the B-Braun Channel 1 syringe, 0.25 (10ml/h), 009(50ml/h) and 0.08(100ml/h) are used. And on Channel 2 it is 0.62 (10ml/h), 0.15 (50ml/h), and 7.3 (100ml/h). When using the Terumo Channel 1 brand infusion set at 0.05 (10ml/h), 0.3(50ml/h), and 0.04(100ml/h). On Channel 2 it is 0.14(10ml/hour), 0.02 (50ml/hour) and 0.18 (100 ml/hour). When using the B-Braun Channel 1 Infusion Set, it is 0.07(10ml/h), 0.02(50 ml/h), and 0.03 (100ml/h). Then on Channel 2 0.07 (10ml/hour), 0.02(50 ml/hour), and 0.1(100ml/hour). The conclusion of this study is that the use of 2 different infusion sets greatly affects the readings, other than that other factors can also affect the readings including the position of the hose and the placement of sensors on each channel. From the manufacture of this tool, it is expected that users can be more efficient in using a 2-channel Infusion Device analyzer which can be run at the same time.


We present an algorithm aimed at optimizing stope design accounting for drift development. The approach is typically suitable for the sublevel stope mining method with a vertical parallel drilling pattern. The algorithm consists of two parts. In the first part, a graph theory based stope optimizer is adapted to integrate the drift. In the stope optimizer, the raise initiates a stope and provides the parameters of drift level and draw point level. An ore model in cylindrical coordinates is defined around the raise. The geometric constraints on hanging wall and footwall slopes are translated as vertical precedence relations between blocks. The stope width is controlled by horizontal precedence relations. Similarly, the dependency of blocks in stope to blocks in drift is expressed in the graph. By solving the maximum flow problem with efficient push-relabel algorithm, the conditional optimal stope corresponding to the current raise location and height is obtained. The second part finds the best raise location and height. The genetic algorithm is used with the objective function defined as the (conditional) stope profit associated to a given raise location and height, computed in the first part. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated with a synthetic deposit and a real deposit. Comparison is made with the stope optimizer without a drift. The proposed method is shown to provide higher stope profit, with less dilution and less costs for the drift.


For Infrastructure to Vehicle (I2V) communication based cooperative systems, it is indispensable to grasp accurate travel distance between intended vehicles and target objects notified from RSU (Road Side Units) so that OBU (On-Board Units) can judge the presence and severity of dangers against the target objects. Thus, Local Dynamic Map (LDM), which is the technology to put the position of intended vehicles and target objects on a map and to express the relative distances, attracts attention. On the other hand, Driving Safety Support Systems (DSSS), which has been studied by the Universal Traffic Management Society (UTMS), realizes the function corresponding to LDM by defining dedicated map data as road topology information around target intersections where services are provided, and offering it to OBE through I2V communications. In this paper, the authors introduce the architecture of I2V message sets of DSSS as well as the structure of road topology information as a practical use case with LDM.


Elkem Research brought two problems concerning the (ferro)silicon process in an electric furnace to the 27th ESGl. The first problem concerned suggestions for and discussionof, improvements to an existing unidimensional model of the silicon process. The unidimensional model was developed to describe dynamic aspects of the thermo-chemical processes occurring within the furnace. A major area for improvement in the model is in providing a more accurate description of the hearth region of the furnace. The second problem concerned the proposal of mathematical models to describe mechanisms for the formation of a hard crust at the furnace top. Crust formation appears to be dominated by SiO-condensation, due to the reaction:


The priority-type flow rate enlarging and merging valve includes valve body, enlarging valve, priority valve, conic valve and shuttle valve. When the guide oil at two ends of the enlarging valve coreis shut off, the priority valve core cuts off the communication between the right and elft turning oil cylinder mouth and the pressure oil inlet. When the guide oil is driven from the right of the enlarging valve to the left, the enlarging valve and the priority valve communicate the pressure oil inlet and the right turning oil cylinder mouth gradually; and when the guide oil is driven from the left of the enlarging valve to the right, the enlarging valve and the priority valve communicate the presssure oil inlet and the left turning oil cylinder mouth gradually. The present invention may be used to match with constant flow pump and can enlarge flow rate, reduce oil pump volume and reduce power loss and cost of hydraulic system.


........................................................................................................................................ ix Chapter 1: Background and Thesis Objectives.......................................................................... 1 Sandy Beaches ............................................................................................................................... 1 The Oil Spill Caused by the Deepwater Horizon Explosion and Macondo Well Blowout .... 2 Research Objectives ...................................................................................................................... 8 Significance of Research and Implications ................................................................................. 9 Thesis Organization .................................................................................................................... 10 Chapter 2: Characterization of the Physicochemistry and Microbiology of the Sandy Beaches on Grand Isle, Louisiana, and Dauphin Island, Alabama ........................................ 1


Abstract : This study explores several different image quality metrics currently employed by the visual display community in the context of color CRT display technology. The specific techniques included in the study are the Modulation Transfer Function, the Contrast Threshold/Sensitivity Function, the Modulation Transfer Function Area, the Integrated Contrast Sensitivity metric, and the Square-Root Integral metric. These metrics include and are based on visual psychometric data and suggest that operator performance may be predicted from the objective, image quality data.


If the neutrino has a large magnetic moment, then a phase effect may appear in its spin-flavor precession inside the supernova. It differs from the ordinary flavor oscillation phase effect in two aspects: It can develop even if there is only one partially adiabatic resonance and it effects a large part of the neutrino energy spectrum. We examine the spin-flavor precession phase effect both analytically and numerically for the Majorana neutrinos in a core collapse supernova. Our analytical approach is based on the assumption that spin-flavor precession and Mikheev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein resonances are completely decoupled. Where this decoupling assumption fails, we present only numerical results. We show that the sensitive phase dependence of the survival probabilities can be treated as an uncertainty which smears the final neutrino energy spectra to be observed at Earth.


Introduction: Small-sided games (SSGs) for soccer typically use 2-5 players per team on a smaller field. Soccer coaches employ SSGs to simulate specific aspects of full-sized soccer and optimize practice time by working on multiple match components at once. This review was conducted to see if SSGs also improved the physical ability of soccer players, specifically a player's repeated sprint ability (RSA). Methods: Research databases were searched using specific keywords. Articles were filtered to identify suitable articles for the review. The 4 articles identified were evaluated on participant characteristics, program prescription, load dosage, playing area dimensions, and RSA scores Results: Eighty articles were identified during the initial search, but only 4 met all inclusion criteria. The overall conclusion from this limited sample of articles was that SSGs improved RSA scores in specific categories. Conclusions: SSGs can be recommended to professionals as a potential method for improving physical performance capacity of soccer players. Additional high quality studies are needed to better clarify the impact of specific SSG rules and field dimensions for optimizing RSA improvement.


One complication of prostatectomy is urinary incontinence. In this study we treated 21 patients who were incontinent after surgery. Bladder training, after correct evaluation of the bladder and sphincteric situation, was our method of treatment in this situation.


Both Dojival Vieira and Maurício Savarese refer to the 2006 Brazilian presidential election and imply that an ethnic vote among Afro-Brazilians is taking place. Dojival Vieira urges the Afro-Brazilian electorate to realize their voting potential as a powerful voting bloc. In Notícias UOL, Maurício Savarese assumes that such a voting bloc exists. More intriguing are the racial and color categories that refer to Afro-Brazilians. Savarese, using the racial category negro, treats them as a group; yet Vieira uses the separate categories brown and black, which indicate that Afro-Brazilians are not a unified racial group. This begs the following questions. Do Afro-Brazilians vote as a racial bloc? Is there a raça negra1 (black race), and, if so, do they see themselves as a distinct racial group or as different groups separated by color? What are the political implications of self-identifying in different color groups? My hypothesis is that Brazilians who self-identify as black will vote for black politicians more than those who claim lighter color categories. Although this seems intuitive, much of the earlier research has not shown differences in political behavior among Afro-Brazilians (Mainwaring et al. in Middlebrook 2000; Mainwaring and Scully 1995). It is likely that racially conscious Afro-Brazilians


Abstract : As part of a large cohort of cancer samples we analyzed structural variants and their mechanism from a set of 12 basal type Breast invasive carcinomas (BRCA) We were able to identify a total of 1,657 high confidence breakpoints in the breast cancer datasets. Of the 154 complex mutations (CGRs), BRCA samples had 19. Although these were almost equally divided between one- off events and stepwise events, none of the BRCA samples showed evidence for chromothripsis. MMBIR and/or MMEJ are less common in tumors than in germline lineages, and CGR breakpoints are significantly depleted for microhomology relative to simple SV breakpoints. Using ploidy- seq and next generation sequencing, on tumor sample from a 59- year- old triple negative breast cancer patient, we can study chronology of mutations in a tumor sample, and begin to get a handle on the extensive tumor heterogeneity. Preliminary data suggests that very few mutations were shared between the different sub- populations in a tumor. We also have data that suggests that in the case of this one patient sample, the genome evolved from the normal diploid state into a hypodiploid state, which then further evolved into two highly amplified states after a genome doubling event.


The experimental prose written by Urmuz, the pseudonym of Dem. Demetrescu-Buzău (18831923), definitly represented a model for Romanian avant-garde movement, anticipating not only the Surrealists' iconoclastic fervour in blowing up all sorts of stereotypes, but also some of the main features of the so called "absurd" theater created by Eugéne Ionesco. With the latter Urmuz has in common the propensity towards dissimulating − behind an elaborate network of absurd associations and fantastic scenarios − the tragic consciousness of humans' limited existence and of language's limited powers. In the present paper we set to reflect upon the affinities between humour and the fantastic in Urmuz's "Bizarre Pages", by analysing the particular modalities in which the writer succeeds in constructing (im)possible worlds, that entail various strategies of defamiliarization, including violations of current logic and of ontological expectations. After all, both, fantastic and humour, covey a similar sesnse of reality's instability, sharing the same critical attitude towards the so called "real", that they constantly try to reverse. A look at the literature written by Dem. Demetrescu-Buzău proves that the reverse side of the humorous mode and of the ironic enunciation is the anxiety provoked by the unbearable responsability of living.


. The Bayesian approach to forecasting provides the user with distributional information which plays an important role in decision making. However, in practice, the process variances are unknown and therefore if the model operates with fixed estimates of these variances, the distributional information can be misleading. A method is proposed in this paper which produces on-line maximum likelihood estimates of the variances for the steady state Dynamic Linear model, whose updating employs the Kalman filter. It makes use of a one-dimensional class I multi-process model approach which requires a set of initial values. In the limit the variance estimates are independent of the choice of initial values, but some practical suggestions are made which enable the procedure to converge faster. A numerical illustration and a number of points relevant to the performance of the model when tested under different choices of starting values are also given.


With less than a decade we have seen a drastic change in our industrial working pattern. The market change from service oriented to customer oriented. In the course of change employee affects the most in various way. The work-force make or break the company. To efficiently run the company it is necessary to know various issue faced by employees and find a lucrative solution. Opinion mining is extracting users' opinion from user-generated content. Opinion summarization is useful in feedback analysis, business decision making and recommendation systems. In this paper we show how opinion mining is implemented using a web crawler and is useful in issue analysis and summarization at an educational organisation. We try to evolve our system in the following ways: Easy to Implement, Make effective information gathering, Improvise decision support system, Support standard business/industry feature. Keywords— Opinion Mining, Summarization, Issue Analysis, Sentiment Analysis, Opinion Summarization


From our point of view, The National Proquality Programme (PNP) should be managed by the Romanian Government, by the Ministry of Economy and Finance to be more exact, involving all interest groups: associations and NGOs that are concerned with quality (e. g.: ASRO – The Romanian Standards Association; ARC – The Romanian Association for Quality; FRPC – The Romanian Foundation for Quality Promotion; FRPC Juran – The "Joseph M. Juran" Romanian Quality Award Foundation, SRAC – The Romanian Society for Quality Assurance; RENAR – The Romanian Accreditation Association), the business environment represented by the Employer's Association, the top management and the quality managers, the academic environment, the local public administration institutions and other state institutions, the mass-media and the consumers. The programme could be transferred to the responsibility of an NGO, but we encourage the first alternative, due to the decision-making powers, the available resources and the authority typical of a government.


A 46-year-old woman with pure red-cell aplasia suffered blood transfusion of >200 units, ie, >20 g in iron weight, over 4 years because treatment with a series of immunosuppressants resulted in no effect. Tissue iron deposition caused by iron overload resulted in skin discoloration, hepatic injury, diabetes mellitus, and slight left ventricular dysfunction. Left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic dimensions were 45 …


Historians of both the medieval and early modern eras have characterised the governing structures of rural communities as being dominated by local elites. However, interpretations are hampered by a lack of clear criteria against which to evaluate whether a village-governance regime was 'open,' and characterised by wide participation, or 'closed', and characterised by the narrow restriction of office to an elite group, making it difficult to draw comparisons across time and space. This article uses a set of quantitative methodologies to solve this problem. It examines presentment juries in the manorial court, a governing institution which straddles the late medieval and early modern period, in three case-study communities for the period from 1310 to 1600. By applying four measures of participation, the article reveals that post-Black Death juries were characterised by a nuanced system of restriction. They were open in the sense that a large proportion of the male population, drawn from a wide range of families, acted as jurors and there was a continuous turnover in jury panels. However, they were also closed in that a small group of prominent individuals and families served a disproportionately frequent number of times. The results also question an established narrative of increasing monopolisation of village governance by a new 'middling sort' over the sixteenth century. Instead, change over time and space reveals a variable set of trends, with no universal linear pattern. The inflexibility of manorial institutions, combined with local demographic regimes and trends in landholding, led to significant differences in political participation between communities.


INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) has demonstrated utility as an adjunct to active surveillance (AS). However, the optimal time interval between sequential MRIs is not standardized. This aims to analyze index lesion growth rates to potentially inform modern AS imaging practice. METHODS: A prospectively maintained database of patients on AS at our institution was queried for patients with 2 mpMRIs with no index lesion or index lesions 7 mm, as well as a subset of patients with no index lesion or index lesions 5 mm. Both cohorts were limited to patients with paired MRI-targeted biopsy showing benign or Gleason grade group (GG) 1 disease. For MRIs preceding PI-RADS scoring, an internal Likert suspicion scoring system was converted into PIRADS scores. Imaging intervals were calculated between serial mpMRIs and growth rate was calculated with two-tailed t-tests to assess differences between initial and most recent lesion sizes measured on mpMRI. RESULTS: Between 2003-2021, patients on AS with 2 mpMRIs with small index lesions measuring 7 mm (n[123) or <5 mm (n[65) were identified (Table 1). Lesions in both the 7 mm (p[.015) and 5 mm (p[.003) cohorts demonstrated a significant change between first and last mpMRI. For the 7 mm cohort, average overall growth rate was 0.44 2.4 mm/year over a mean imaging interval of 1.27 0.09 years. For the 5 mm cohort, the average overall growth rate was 0.70 3.05 mm/year over a mean imaging interval of 1.31 0.13 years. There were 11 lesions that grew over 5 mm in the first year after initial mpMRI, however, univariate analysis of age, PSA, PIRADS, and GG did not identify these variables as significant predictors of growth. The majority of lesions (84.6%) grew <1 mm/ year (Figure 1). CONCLUSIONS: Small MRI lesions in patients on AS demonstrate minimal growth between follow up mpMRIs. This may indicate that these lesions can be followed longer surveillance intervals. Further studies are needed to prospectively identify the small subset of lesions that demonstrate more rapid growth. Source of Funding: N/A e998 THE JOURNAL OF UROLOGY Vol. 209, No. 4S, Supplement, Sunday, April 30, 2023


Easton's often-cited definition is most useful for the study of government or, as he puts it, for political systems able to allocate values authoritatively. It is of only limited use, however, for the study of systems without an overarching authority. The international system is a case in point. It is decentralized and anarchic rather than hierarchical in nature, but it is still of great interest to political scientists. The same applies to political transformations, to processes of integration or disintegration that are typical of the rise and fall of political systems. Failing states are an example. It follows that Easton's definition is helpful in only some areas of our discipline. But that need not be. The concept of 'authority', central to Easton's definition, harbors unused potential that can be activated without diluting its core. The wider definition, as I will show, enables us to conceive of a comprehensive 'field' of politics.


A convenient 3D measurement using a consumer grade digital camera is enormously expected in various fields with the appearance of low cost and high resolution consumer grade digital cameras. In these circumstances, the authors have been concentrating on developing a convenient 3D measurement system which is called as IBIM (Image Based Integrated Measurement) system. The device of IBIM system consists of a consumer grade digital camera and laser distance meter. The most remarkable point of the system was its ability to calculate exterior orientation parameters and interior orientation parameters and the pseudo GCPs (Ground Control Points) without using a scale bar or the GCPs in object field. However, there were still some issues which need to be resolved before this system may become operational. These problems include, improvement of labor and time consuming in distance measurement and the deterioration of image quality. In order to resolve these problems, the IBIM system is improved using triplet images of multiple cameras of different resolutions and bundle of distances. This paper describes camera calibration techniques and its evaluations using images of multiple cameras of different resolutions and bundle of distances.


Analyzes the authors and the documents used in the monographs produced in the course of specialization in school library management offered by the Department of Information Science of the State University of Londrina, in the years 2012, 2013 and 2015. The objective was to identify and analyze references cited by students of all classes of that course, as the theme school library. The work has an exploratory nature with qualitative and quantitative approach, documentary method and technique of morphometric studies for the analysis of data, specifically bibliometrics. The analysis corpus was composed of 32 monographs and references were defined from the terms: school library, school library and school librarian; both singular and plural. The results show that the Manifesto IFLA / UNESCO and the Law No. 12.244 are the most cited documents. As the authors, Fragoso (2002) and Silva, R. (2010) appear as the most referenced. It concludes that the authors of the monographs used little literature consistent with the time of the supply of travel and prefer the use of more traditional authors quote in the area.


FIELD: heating, drying. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the design of hot gas generators, intended for equipment of the facilities used for drying bulk materials in a fluidized bed. The generator comprises a burner, a heat exchange circuit, means for providing the excess and removing the flow of moist hot gases, and means enabling to provide regulation of flow rate of hot gas (high-pressure fan), at that the heat exchange circuit is made in the form of a first and second hollow rhomboid hexagons, and inside the first hollow rhombic hexagon the flame divider is mounted and it has an input window for the gas burner and the output window for discharging the combustion products, having a hole for inflow of the heated gas, at that the pipe(s) of the heat exchange circuit covers the entire surface of the first hollow rhomboid hexagon, and the second hollow rhomboid hexagon closes the pipe(s) of the heat exchange circuit, at that it has an input window for the gas burner, the output window for discharging the combustion products and the windows for input and output of the heated gas, formed on opposite sides in the direction of movement of the gas along the entire length of the heat exchange circuit. The unit for drying bulk materials in the fluidized bed, in which this hot gas generator is used as a part, has a cabinet of rectangular cross-section containing the section of creation of hot gas and the section of drying bulk materials in the fluidized bed, and in the section of drying bulk materials in the fluidized bed a means is located, which enables to provide regulation of the speed of the flow of hot gas (high-pressure fan) which input is connected to the section of drying bulk products in the fluidized bed, and the output - to the section of hot gas generation, while the section of hot gas generation comprises a heat exchange circuit, an output window for discharging the combustion products, which is connected to the section of drying bulk materials in the fluidized bed, having a window connected to the environment, and the output window for discharging the combustion products has a spark arrester, representing a container of fine metal mesh. EFFECT: technical result of the invention is to increase the rate of heating gas to the desired temperature. 2 cl, 3 dwg


In the childhood and youth future Great Elector Frederick William received Calvinist education and formation which had all-round character and prepared him for the mission of a large statesman. He spent his childhood and youth in conditions of the developed Thirty-year war. The worldview of Frederick William was influenced by years of his study in Holland where he got acquainted with the most developed in Europe and society state.


Based on a larger survey of the literature (Gaston and Nelson, 2000), this paper argues: (i) that econometric research uniformly finds very small labour-market effects of immigration; (ii) that labour and trade economists have differed in their interpretation of this finding; and (iii) that this difference is driven exclusively by different dimensionality assumptions (with labour economists preferring a 1-sector x m-factor model and trade economists an n-sector x m-factor model). It is then argued that the trade economists' model, along with its presumption of factor-price insensitivity to immigration is the more useful as a presumption generator. The paper concludes with a discussion of the political-economy implications of these results. Copyright 2000 by Oxford University Press.


Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) defines Childhood Autism, characterized by a permanent
deficiency in social interactions and communication, highlighting social isolation, difficulty in
performing group tasks, restrictive and constant behavioral patterns, and changes involving
the gastrointestinal tract such as vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea and food intolerance.
There is currently a very large search for studies on food intolerance in these patients,
particularly in relation to gluten and casein, and their association with the symptoms of ASD.
Therefore, the objective of the study is to carry out a review of the literature on the
consumption of gluten-free and casein-free diet in the treatment of children with Autism
Spectrum Disorder. Data collection was done through the search of scientific articles
published in the databases PUBMED, Scielo and Capes Periodicals, between the years 2010
to 2018, using the following descriptors in English and Portuguese: Autistic Disorder, Diet,
Gluten- Free, Casein. Totalizing at the end of the search 7 selected articles. The results
indicate that the withdrawal of gluten and casein from the diet of children with ASD can
reduce symptoms such as: gastrointestinal disorders, hyperactivity, increase levels of attention
and social interaction, reduction of repetitive behaviors, among others . Due to the lack of
effective methods to control the studies and deficits of updated studies, it is necessary to carry
out new studies with adequate clinical support with the follow-up of a professional
nutritionist, enabling their use in a beneficial and safe way.


The Code of Ukraine on Bankruptcy Procedures is the first insolvency law codified in domestic legislation. The legislative novelty is the so-called consumer bankruptcy provided by the Code, the restoration of solvency through the settlement of problem debts of individuals, individuals – entrepreneurs to banks, microfinance organizations, arrears of taxes, fees and other mandatory payments within the framework of litigation, and in case of impossibility – their repayment (write-off) in the procedure of debt repayment. In addition, the new Code offers special conditions for addressing the issue of "foreign currency borrowers", which has become relevant for many Ukrainians after the financial crisis of 2008. In general, the procedure for restoring the solvency of individuals is designed to encourage responsible borrowing, start or resume business, increase economic activity and taxable income, aimed at preventing crime and unemployment. Such a procedure is beneficial not only to the debtor, but also to the state. An individual, getting rid of debts, returns to active legal work, and the state returns another economic unit to an active lifestyle, acquires another taxpayer. In addition, the procedure provides creditors of the debtor – an individual with legal grounds for instalment and (or) write-off of part of the debt, as well as improving their own financial performance. However, currently many norms of the Code and other acts of the legislation of Ukraine are inconsistent, which causes conflicts during their practical application. The article considers some aspects that arise in cases of insolvency of individuals, individuals – entrepreneurs during the competition of the Code of Ukraine on Bankruptcy Procedures and the Law of Ukraine "On Enforcement Proceedings", which relate to: suspension of enforcement proceedings during the moratorium on satisfaction of claims creditors; removal of arrests (encumbrances) in the procedure of debt repayment; consequences of the completion of the debt repayment procedure (including the exclusion of a person from the Unified Register of Debtors), identified problematic issues and proposals for their improvement by making appropriate changes to the legislation of Ukraine.


and complex model for fields of their techniques to attain ends that they practice analysis, derived largely from orthemselves consciously seek to define in ganizational theory (pages 156-165). But interaction with the community itself, espe note, too, how she uses it. The focus here daily with those whose lives are most di too is on the task upon which society and rectly affected. agency converge in coping with a given so cial problem—a task formulation flexibly FIELDS OF PRACTICE defined and subject to change under the One large question, in summing up the impact of a variety of forces, including the symposium, is whether the NASW Com insights and initiative of the social worker, mission on Practice and its various subunits Here the total work group, involving all were correct several years ago in their as professionals and the clients as well, is desumption that it would be useful to con fined as the problem-solving resource. The ceptualize social work practice in a two social work role is thus shaped by task and dimensional model—with method as one system while guided and formed by profesdimension and field of practice as the other, sional know-how. The social worker is cerThe method approach presents no problems tainly not seen as a medicine man whose because it has been the familiar way of one brew is hawked at all possible crossdividing up and classifying social work


Objective: Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is associated with poor outcomes after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. We aimed to assess the additional value of preoperative plasma aldosterone levels, a biomarker promoting proarrhythmic and profibrotic pathways, for predicting POAF after CABG. Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study involving consecutive patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) more than 50% requiring elective CABG in our university hospital. Plasma aldosterone levels, two-dimensional echocardiography including left atrial strain analysis and galectin-3 (Gal-3) examination were assessed before cardiac surgery. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of POAF within 30 days after surgery. Results: POAF occurred in 34 (24.8%) out of the 137 included patients. Compared with controls, patients experiencing POAF were significantly older (73 years old ± 8 vs 65 ± 11, P < 0.001) and had higher preoperative plasma aldosterone levels [183 pmol/l (interquartile range 138–300) vs 143 pmol/l (interquartile range 96.5–216.5), P < 0.01]. Age [odds ratio (OR), 1.088; 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.038–1.140); P = 0.0004] and plasma aldosterone levels [OR, 1.007; 95% CI (1.003–1.012); P = 0.0013] were independently associated with POAF in multivariate analysis and could therefore be combined to predict the occurrence of POAF ['Aldoscore', OR, 2.7; 95% CI (1.7–4.3); P < 0.0001]. Reverse transcriptase PCR analysis performed on right atrial appendage and plasma examination revealed that Gal-3 was activated in POAF patients. Conclusion: We developed the preoperative 'Aldoscore' for POAF risk stratification among patients with preserved LVEF requiring elective CABG. This new tool may be helpful to identify good responders to interventions targeting the proarrhythmic and profibrotic pathways of aldosterone.


Rational numbers, or equivalently roots of unity on the unit circle, are not randomly distributed when they are enumerated by the size of denominators (Farey), or by the sum of digits in their continued fraction expansion (SternBrocot). There are four types of measure-preserving transformations (Gauss, Farey, BCZ, Newman), with very di erent ergodic behaviour, that play a role in gathering information about this distribution. Some of their ergodic properties and applications will be surveyed in this paper.


A recently decided case, involving witchcraft, aroused a fair measure of press coverage owing to a series of incidents which resulted in its frequent postponement. The accused were indicted on two charges, viz murder and the commission of an offence under the Witchcraft Suppression Act which, inter alia, prohibits any person from employing or soliciting a witchdoctor.


Working with members of the Regional Thematic Working Group (TWG) on Education for All (EFA), UNESCO Bangkok, in particular the Assessment, Information Systems, Monitoring and Statistics (AIMS) Unit, assisted countries in carrying out the EFA Mid-Decade Assessment (MDA). The assessment came at the mid-way point of the 2000-2010 decade. It examined progress and gaps in the achievement of national and global EFA targets. The MDA also aimed to identify and locate the remaining gaps in terms of quality and equity sub-nationally, with a focus on disadvantaged and excluded populations. As part of the Asia-Pacific EFA Mid-Decade Assessment process, countries carried out their national assessments with technical advice and support from EFA partner organizations at the national, sub-regional and regional levels. Thus, the Asia-Pacific region is unique with regard to the active role of country-led EFA coordination, monitoring and evaluation in the process of the EFA Mid-Decade Assessment and Mid-Term Policy Review. The Asia-Pacific approach to the assessment became a model for other regions around the world. This sub-regional report is a compilation of the national reports specific to the sub-region, supported by sub-regional and regional studies and [UNESCO Institute for Statistics] UIS data for international comparison. It is hoped that this report will be used to sharpen the focus and update policies and strategies for attaining the EFA goals and the related Millennium Development Goals by 2015.


Energy crisis is one of the major problems of our country now a day. We should emphasis on new energy resources to fulfill our deman d. In renewable energy resources, biogas is one of them. Biogas is produced by anaerobic digestion of organic matters. In anaerobic digestion, biodegradable materials are decomposed into biogas by bacteria in the absence of air. Kitchen waste contain large amount of these biodegradable materials. The report of economic feasibility for biogas plant using kitchen waste of housing colony consisting of 200 houses for power generation and cooking purposes is carried out.


Objective This study was carried out to compare temperatures taken at different sites and also to determine the reliability of buttock skin temperature in temperature monitoring for incubatored premature infants.Methods Temperatures of 80 premature infants nursed in incubators were recorded by mercury-in-glass thermometer for a 3-minute period by one investigator at 3 measurement sites: rectum(2~3cm beyond anus),between back skin and mattress and between buttock skin and diaper.Results There is no significant difference between buttock skin temperature and back skin temperature(P0.05),so does buttock skin temperature and rectal temperature(P0.05).Conclusion The buttock skin temperature measurement may be a practical method for temperature monitoring in premature infants nursed in incubators.It is a simpler technique and closely approximates the rectal temperature in premature infants.


The injection of adjuvant substances for aesthetic purposes is a public health problem, for 40 years this problem has been described throughout our continent, the vast majority of women patients are affected by the infiltration of silicon, mineral oils, automotive oil, methyl methacrylate, cement and various oily substances. This is a 54-year-old female patient who for about 30 years for cosmetic purposes was injected with mineral oil (quantity unknown) in both glutei with the aim of buttock augmentation. Physical examination was observed an important deformity in each buttock, hyperkeratosis with discoloration in both buttocks, loss of bilateral projection, right buttock with a secondary tumor of 22 cm × 11 cm and left 22 cm × 10 cm, stony appearance, local hyperthermia, painful on manipulation, with diffuse nodular lesions measuring 2 cm × 2 cm, without evidence of loss of continuity that would condition secretion leakage. Surgical planning is based on the very important size of the initial defect that we would have to reconstruct, so that the rotation of two wide-based flaps could guarantee better survival and occlusion of the defect, since the realization of a graft would cause a significant deformity, and the realization of a microsurgical flap in a fibrous tissue would inevitably result in its necrosis. The pathophysiology of the adjuvant disease is extremely complex, therefore it must be addressed by a multidisciplinary group with extensive experience.


Most denoising methods require that some smoothing parameters be set manually to optimize their performance. Among these methods, a new filter based on nonlocal weighting (NL-means filter) has been shown to have a very attractive denoising capacity. In this paper, we propose fixing the smoothing parameter of this filter automatically. The smoothing parameter corresponds to the bandwidth h of a local constant regression. We use the Cp statistic embedded in Newton's method to optimize h in a point-wise fashion. This statistic also has the advantage of being a reliable measure of the quality of the denoising process for each pixel. In addition, we introduce a robust regression in the NL-means filter designed to greatly reduce the blur yielded by the weighting. Finally, we show how the automatic denoising model can be extended to images degraded by multiplicative noise. Experiments conducted on images with additive and multiplicative noise demonstrate a high denoising power with a degree of detail preservation...


Grasping of any kind of information relies on learners' capability of listening. Listening plays a significant role in regular communication and academic success. Students get succeeded in enhancing the communication skills, if they can understand the listening skills. Though listening is an important skill, it has been ignored in second language acquisition, research, teaching, and assessment. This study focuses at probing the significance of listening skills in enhancing the communication skills. It is possible for the learners to gain good communication skills, if they are strong in listening skills. It is observed that practicing of listening skills like; listening to music, watching English movies, attending English language courses develops the listening skills of the students. This study shows how Computer Assisted Language Learning helps in improving the listening skills of the students. If students acquire the listening skills, they can develop the communication skills.


2, 3-Dimethoxy-5-methyl-p-benzoquinone (IV), a synthetic intermediate of ubiquinones was prepared in excellent yield by oxidation of 2, 3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-p-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride (XIV) obtained via 3, 4-dimethoxy-2, 5-dinitrobenzaldehyde (XII) from vanillin. A number of p-benzoquinones related to IV were also synthesized for biological evaluation.


The alternative sigma factor RpoS (σ38 or σS) plays a central role in the reciprocal regulation of the virulence‐associated major outer surface proteins OspC and OspA in Borrelia burgdorferi, the Lyme disease spirochete. Temperature is one of the key environmental signals controlling RpoS, but the molecular mechanism by which the signal is transduced remains unknown. Herein, we identify and describe a small non‐coding RNA, DsrABb, that regulates the temperature‐induced increase in RpoS. A novel 5′ end of the rpoS mRNA was identified and DsrABb has the potential to extensively base‐pair with the upstream region of this rpoS transcript. We demonstrate that B. burgdorferi strains lacking DsrABb do not upregulate RpoS and OspC in response to an increase in temperature, but do regulate RpoS and OspC in response to changes in pH and cell density. Analyses of the rpoS and ospC steady‐state mRNA levels in the dsrABb mutant indicate that DsrABb regulates RpoS post‐transcriptionally. The 5′ and 3′ ends of DsrABb were mapped, demonstrating that at least four species exist with sizes ranging from 213 to 352 nucleotides. We hypothesize that DsrABb binds to the upstream region of the rpoS mRNA and stimulates translation by releasing the Shine‐Dalgarno sequence and start site from a stable secondary structure. Therefore, we postulate that DsrABb is a molecular thermometer regulating RpoS in Borrelia burgdorferi.


Background  Portal endotoxaemia has been speculated to be crucially involved in the pathogenesis of chronic hepatic inflammation, which is highly associated with the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study tests whether portal endotoxaemia is a pathogenic link between chronic subacute hepatic inflammation and pancreatic β‐cell dysfunction.


200Oakwood Boul., Chicago, Oct. 25, 1898. To the Editor: —A note under the above title, in theJournalof October 22, suggests a degree of ignorance or carelessness on the part of the doctors responsible for the occurrence, which I hope is, but may not be, entirely absent from the profession in this country. At any rate, it seems to me to be of sufficient importance to justify a further notice. The case is as follows: A patient was anesthetized with chloroform in the presence of a gaslight. The narcosis lasted three hours and during that time the doctors and nurse experienced a spasmodic cough. Patient died in six hours, the nurse in twenty-four hours and the doctor was "at the point of death" for two or three days. The fatal results were attributed to the inhalation of the fumes produced from the combustion of the vapor of chloroform


IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common glomerulonephritis worldwide. IgAN and IgA Vasculitis with nephritis (IgAVN) are thought to have related pathogenesis characterized by IgA-containing renal immune complexes contributing to chronic kidney disease (CKD) and renal failure. In both diseases, IgA1 immune complexes and complement factors have been shown to be involved, indicating complement activation. However, the individual contribution of the alternative and lectin pathway has of yet not been fully elucidated. Plasma Bb is a marker of the alternative pathway activity and plasma C4d of the mannan-binding lectin pathway. We aimed to investigate the association between circulating plasma Bb and C4d at diagnosis and potential correlates with clinical features, renal histopathology and renal outcome in patients with IgAN and IgAVN.

 A prospective study of 98 patients undergoing renal biopsy was performed. Median age was 43 years, 52% males, 88% were caucasians, Sixty-six patients were diagnosed with IgAN, 15 IgAVN and 17 controls with "non-immunocomplex driven disease including Thin membrane disease, Diabetic Nephropathy, Minimal change disease or renal failure due to hyperfiltration. Blood samples were analyzed for complement factors C4d and Bb (both ELISA, Termo Fisher ScientificTM). Oxford classification of the renal biopsy was done at baseline and creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR-CKD-EPI formula) were measured annually. Continuous data are expressed as median (25th to 75th percentile) and nominal or ordinal data as percentage. Comparisons between groups were assessed with the non-parametric Wilcoxon test/ Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA-test for continuous variables and Chi-square test for nominal variables.

 Patients with IgAN and IgAVN were significantly younger than the control group. There were no significant differences between the three groups for gender distribution and eGFR. Complement factor Bb for patients with IgAN and IgAVN was significantly increased (figure 1) as compared to the control group, whereas there was was no statistical difference for complement factorsC4d between groups. Estimated GFR decreased significantly only in patients with IgAN after 24 months of follow-up (56.6 ± 3.8 ml/min/1,73m2 as compared to IgAVN 83.8 ± 8.5 and controls 90.2 ± 8.9).
 Patients with IgAN had more severe histopathological changes in T-score (T-score 0, 1, 2 in IgAN 51 %, 37 % and 12 % respectively) compared to IgAVN. In the IgAN group a more severe T-score was significantly associated with increased levels of complement factor Bb (p=0.005) but did not reach significance for complement factor C4d (p=0.097). No other difference or correlations were found with regards to M, E, S and C % scores.

 Patients with IgAN were younger and had increased levels of complement factor Bb and after 24 months follow-up significantly reduced eGFR. The increase in factor Bb was also associated with more severe histopathological changes in T-score. These findings suggest that the alternative complement pathway contributes to the pathogenesis in IgAN and chronic kidney damage. Our findings should motivate studies in a larger population to further clarify the role of complement activity in IgAN and IgAVN.


Submitted for the MAR06 Meeting of The American Physical Society Fabrication and Structural Studies of Nanostructured Alumina Templates Using X-Ray Diffraction and EDX Techniques KRISTINA E. LIPINSKA-KALITA, PAVAN SINGARAJU, BISWAJIT DAS, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Nevada Las Vegas — We have previously developed a thin film template based nanostructure fabrication technique that is applicable for the development of high performance photonic devices. The template is created by the anodization of thin film aluminum deposited on an arbitrary substrate and contains nanoscale pores inside which a nanoscale material could be synthesized. An alumina template is characterized as a nonstoichiometric, amorphous film that is optically transparent over a wide spectral range and is also electrically insulating, which makes it a perfect embedding material for nanoscale devices. We investigated the formation of thin film alumina templates on various substrates, under different fabrication conditions. The final template structure was found to depend on the structure of the starting aluminum film (free standing or deposited on another substrate). We show that pre-anodization annealing of the substrate can dramatically alter the stoichiometry as well as the microstructure of the final template, changing it from amorphous to nanocrystalline. Kristina E. Lipinska-Kalita Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Nevada Las Vegas Date submitted: 21 Dec 2005 Electronic form version 1.4


The Timaeus, I argue, encodes in its cryptic opening lines Plato's confirmation that the dialogue represents his own views. This corresponds to the fact that a series of metaphysical, psychological, and ethical theses defended by the main speakers of other dialogues are displayed in Timaeus' speech as components of a global system. Which in turn provides neglected support for the too often dismissed 'mouthpiece theory'. Although these doctrines can look a little unfamiliar when they reappear in the Timaeus, that need not represent a change of mind on Plato's part, just the fact that they are being viewed from the point of view of physics—the physics of tripartition, the physics of Form-participation, etc. Once we see how Timaeus' presentation draws on Platonic doctrine, I argue, we can use this lesson to see how yet another Platonic doctrine, that of Recollection, puts in a hitherto unnoticed appearance in the dialogue.


3,701,384 10/1972 Routson et al. ..................... 166/292 3,759,326 9/1973 Christopher et al. ... ... 166/275 3,817,330 6/1974 Christopher et al. ... ... 166/275 3,868,999 3/1975 Christopher et al. ... ... 66/292 3,965,986 6/1976 Christopher ........................ 166/292 Primary Examiner-Stephen J. Novosad Assistant Examiner-Bruce M. Kisliuk 57 ABSTRACT A process for selectively plugging permeable zones in subterranean formations or for plugging subterranean leaks which comprises injecting into the permeable zone or the site of the subterranean leak an aqueous solution containing 1 to 70 weight percent of a non aggregated colloidal silica sol having a particle size in the range between 4 and 100 nm and a pH in the range between about 1 and 10, and causing said solution to gel in said zone or at said site.


Clouds have emerged as a new paradigm to access compute, storage, and networked resources in secure and cost effective manner. Their major benefits are seen in the commercial domain with its key features such as on-demand and more flexible resource provisioning, pay per use, and customized application environments. Also research communities such as High Energy Physics (HEP), Biology, and Neuroscience are investigating the applicability of Clouds, with their strengths and weaknesses in scientific environments. In this paper we will show that in scientific environments there are certain areas where cloud services should be exploited to support the challenging e-Science requirements. Among them are, support for virtual communities, dynamic service and resource discovery, identity and resource federation, and access to data catalogues. The Grid community has actively contributed to address some of these issues, thus we propose to reuse existing efforts to complement Cloud services with Grid computing best practices, production services, and experiences, including standardization. In this paper we will provide guidelines of how to realize multi-cloud federated deployments based on a survey of existing Grid technologies in context augmenting it with lessons learned gained in scientific environments. The contribution focuses on the areas of compute, data, information, and security. We will also show potential benefits that scientists can gain by adopting proposed solutions in cloud-based deployments.


Industrial wastewater contains non-biodegradable dyes that are highly toxic to humans and aquatic life. As solution from photocatalytic degradation, TiO2 is one of the effective photocatalysts for wastewater degradation, but it has low adsorption power. To overcome this deficiency, this study synthesized a new photocatalyst by Fe-TiO2/zeolite H-A. The photocatalyst was successfully synthesized by the impregnation method and was systematically characterized by XRD, XRF, SEM, FT-IR and UV-Vis DRS. XRD diffractogram at 2θ = 25.3° showed anatase phase of the photocatalyst. SEM results showed a rough and soft surface with a size of 491.49 nm. FT-IR analysis obtained the zeolite-A characteristic band, vibration of Ti-O-Ti groups and the vibration of the Fe-O group. The bandwidth of the band gap was 3.16 eV. The photocatalytic efficiency of methylene blue degradation reached 89.58% yield with optimum conditions: irradiation time of 50 min, pH 9 and concentration of methylene blue about 20 mg/L. Fe-TiO2/zeolite H-A as a new photocatalyst can be an alternative photocatalyst to purify methylene blue.


We present the results and analysis of our investigation of the role of break-up processes on the fusion of a {sup 12}C{sup 6+} beam with a {sup 52}Cr target near, at, and above the Coulomb barrier. In this experiment the excitation functions of evaporation residues produced via ({sup 12}C, 2n), ({sup 12}C, pxn), ({sup 12}C, {alpha}xn), and ({sup 12}C, {alpha}pxn) channels in a {sup 12}C + {sup 52}Cr reaction were measured at several beam energies ranging from {approx_equal}51 to 87 MeV by employing the recoil catcher technique followed by off-line {gamma}-ray spectrometry. The measured excitation functions were compared with theoretical values obtained using the pace4 statistical model code. Further, for a ({sup 12}C, p2n) channel the measured excitation function was compared with the predictions of the alice-91 code, which was chosen as it takes into account pre-equilibrium emissions. For non-{alpha}-emitting channels, the experimentally measured excitation functions--after correcting them for possible contributions from higher charge isobaric precursor decays--were, in general, found to be in good agreement with theoretical predictions. However, for {alpha}-emitting channels, the measured excitation functions had significantly more production cross sections than what pace4 predicted. This enhancement may be attributed to incomplete fusion processes. An attempt was made tomore » estimate the incomplete fusion fraction in order to compare the relative importance of complete and incomplete fusion processes. The incomplete fusion fraction was found to be sensitive to the projectile energy and mass asymmetry of the entrance channel. We also discuss the results in terms of the impact of the frozen {alpha}-cluster structure of the {sup 12}C isotope on various fusion reactions.« less


Heterogeneous manganese‐catalyzed C−H oxidative couplings were accomplished to gain access to pharmaceutically relevant 2‐aminophenoxazin‐3‐ones and to diaminophenazine and purpurogallin moieties in excellent yields. The user‐friendly K‐OMS‐2 oxidase strategy proved to be more versatile and robust than enzymatic catalysts‐based procedures allowing a wider substrate scope and being effectively reusable as proven by leaching measurements and XRD analyses.


Lactamates of Group I-III metals were used to study the effect of the catalyst of anionic polymerization of e-caprolactam (CL) on the kinetics of the process and the thermal stability of formed polymers. It was shown that the initiating activity of the catalyst alters in the series MgBrCL > 1/2(MgCL 2 +MgBr 2 )> NaCL> Na[AlC 2 (OC 2 H 4 OCH 3 ) 2 ]> MgCL 2 > MgCL(OC 3 H 7 )> AlCL 3 . On the basis of TGA and measurements of the melt index, it was concluded that thermal stability depends on the catalyst used and alters in the series NaCL< 1/2(MgCL 2 +MgBr 2 )< MgBrCL< MgCL 2 < MgCL(OC 3 H 7 )


Limitations to the use of long‐term Hepatitis B Immunoglobulin (HBIg) following liver transplantation for hepatitis B (HBV) have led to the substitution of HBIg with oral nucleo(s)tide analogue prophylaxis. We prospectively assessed the long‐term safety and efficacy of switching to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) from HBIg.


PO (X 2Π) is produced via the collision‐free infrared multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD) of volatile organophosphorous molecules, and is detected by two‐frequency two‐photon ionization, using the B 2Σ+ state to provide a spectral signature from which X 2Π populations are obtained. Sequential dissociations occur during the IR laser photolysis, in which nascent fragments continue to undergo IRMPD, and PO (X 2Π) accrues from a series of bond fission reactions. Nascent vibrational, rotational, and translational excitations are in sensible accord with this mechanism, except for a few rotational states near J=19.5. Unlike the nuclear degrees of freedom, the PO (X 2Π) spin‐orbit states are populated quite selectively. The 2Π3/2 state, lying only 224 cm−1 above the 2Π1/2 ground state, contains only ∼11% of the population, compared to 34% for a 300 K sample. This result is unambiguous; it persists with all precursors, laser fluences, etc., and is verified by comparisons to spectra obtained using a microwave disc...


Social media diffusion has accentuated the practice of public relations across the globe. Studies established the social media's impact in the promotion of mutual relationships between organizations and publics. However, most of these studies were focused on examining how organizations utilized social media as a whole, little attention was given on examining the perceptions of practitioners on social media as end users particularly from developing countries perspective. The aim of the current study was to investigate the perceptions of public relations practitioners on the relevance of social media for enhancing mutual relationship between organizations and their publics. This study utilized Technology Acceptance model (TAM) as theoretical framework. Specifically, practitioners' perceptions on perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived mutual relationship, perceived interactivity and behavioral intention were examined. Five hundred and thirteen questionnaires were administered to public relations practitioners through a systematic random sampling. The data collected from the respondents were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The results of t-test conducted on the five variable suggested that practitioners perceived social media as useful and easy to use in the promotion of mutual relationship between and organizations and their strategic publics. Hence, the result showed that practitioners have positive perceptions on the ability of social media to enhance mutual interactivity. Therefore, practitioners' behavioral intention to use social media was influenced on the perceptions of the four other variables. However, the result of ANOVA revealed that, young practitioners have higher positive perception on perceived usefulness and perceived mutual relationships variables. The study provides recommendations and conclusion was drawn based on the findings of the study.


This article introduces multiprocessor scheduling algorithms based upon cellular automata. To design cellular automata corresponding to a given program graph a generic definition of program graph neighborhood is used, transparent to the various kinds, sizes and shapes of program graphs. The cellular automata-based scheduler works in two modes. In learning mode a genetic algorithm (GA) is applied to discover rules of cellular automata (CAs) suitable for solving instances of a scheduling problem. In operation mode discovered rules of cellular automata are able to find automatically an optimal or suboptimal solution of the scheduling problem for any initial allocation of a program graph in two-processor system graph. Discovered rules are typically suitable for sequential cellular Automata working as a scheduler. Experimental results concerning scheduling algorithms discovered in the context of cellular automata based scheduling system are presented. INTRODUCTION Multiprocessor scheduling belongs to a special category of computational problems. On one side it is closely related to the issue of practical performance of current and future computers. On the other side, the problem even limited to the simplest case considered in the paper when we have to do with the two processor system but any parallel program is an example of computationally difficult unsolved research problem, known to be as an NP-complete problem [2]. Therefore heuristics based in particular on genetic algorithms (GA) , neural networks and simulated annealing are effectively used today (see, e.g. [7]) to solve scheduling problems. One of the problems which still remains is a high computational cost of a scheduler. Among sources of scheduling overhead is neglecting the potential knowledge about the scheduling problem which could be gained during solving instances of the scheduling problem. The motivation of our work is to develop a framework for designing scheduling algorithms where knowledge about scheduling process can be extracted and potentially used for solving new instances of scheduling problem. For this purpose we propose to use a recently emerged and very promising hybrid technique combining evolutionary computation and computation with cellular automata (CA). The remainder of the paper is organized as follows. The next section presents the scheduling problem. Section 3 gives an overview of CA. Section 4 presents the concept of multiprocessor scheduling with use of CA. Section 5 contains experimental results concerning sequential CA applied to scheduling and introduces a coevolutionary GA based engine for


Emergy theory offered by Odum H T was applied widely to track energy flow and evaluate ecological and economic benefit in eco-economic system. In the paper, basic concepts were explained in brief. Then an empirical analysis of agricultural eco-economic system in Zhangye Prefecture in the middle reaches of the Heihe River was made. A paradigm (1999) of the emergy flow of agricultural eco-economic system was presented in Zhangye Prefecture, together with the main indices that reflect the situation of the system. For the last five years (1995-1999), the analysis showed that environmental load increased from 0.816 to 1.564, yield ratio decreased from 2.116 to 1.902, the ratio of economic input which reflects economic cost of product rose from 3.93 to 6.33, and the index of sustainability reduced from 2.59 to 1.216 in Zhangye district. These indices, which reflect the efficiency of resources use, showed that the development of agricultural eco-economic system faced severe situation in Zhangye Prefecture. Some measures, such as changing agriculture's structure and increasing the price of water resource etc., should be taken to improve agricultural product conditions in order to achieve sustainable development of agriculture in Zhangye Prefecture. Emergy technique is probably useful at integrated environmental and economic accounting.


This chapter deals with the global implications of immersive media: First, it considers how the concept of the umwelt can be used to address the extension of sensory motor capabilities of the human body. Next, it discusses what the implications are when the concept of the human umwelt is applied to scientific visualization in astronomy, which scales space and time to present data. Then, these scientific visualizations are discussed in the context of planetarium domes and what it means to collectively experience an immersive environment based on large scale data. As a case study, the final section articulates what this entails for the understanding of the effects of collective human interactions with our planetary environment at this stage of climate change.


The aim of this study is to determine the bacterial compositions during the bio-drying process of sewage sludge. Bio-dried products and sewage sludge were randomly collected from the Wupa wastewater/sludge treatment plant in Idu Industrial area Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria. A mixture of sewage sludge and sawdust that were bio–dried and cured before this experiment were composition of the bio–dried product. The bacterial communities were analyzed in the laboratory using Pour Plate Technique to examine the total bacterial present in the sewage sludge bio-drying material (SSBM) and the bacterial were later isolated using other techniques like Oxidase test, Catalase test, Grams Staining technique and Spread Plate Technique. Evaporation of free water and water formation was determined by humidity gauge and moisture-oven drying method. From the results obtained, Acinetobacter was the most abundant bacterial during the initial and final thermophilic phases (43% and 37%) respectively. Bacillus was the most abundant amid the cooling stage (53%). The water evaporation and water generation rate were credited to the degradation of organic content of the SSBM and heat produced by bacterial activities. From this study, there is a clear indication that the bacterial density grades that increase the temperature of the SSBM during the bio–drying process reshaped the bacterial communities.


In a recent paper [1] on scales of functions (which will be called SF for short) P. Erdös C. A. Rogers and S. J. Taylor developed the theory of scales of functions and used the Continuum Hypothesis to establish the existence of scales of functions having certain desirable properties. One of these properties was that of being dense in a certain sense. In the course of some joint work Taylor and I have felt the need for scales which are dense in a rather stronger sense. The object of this note is to indicate how the methods of SF can be used to show that the Continuum Hypothesis implies the existence of scales with the required properties.


The study of problems faced by teachers working at private colleges were conducted and samples were collected from 168 teachers working in various arts and science colleges located in pudukkottai district. The questionnaire on identification of problems faced by teachers were prepared and validated by the inves tigator. It was found that the female teachers facing higher level of problem than male teachers. The research study reveals that the science teachers facing more problems whil e compared to arts teachers further, the study also reveals that the rural located colle ge teachers facing higher level of problems than urban located college teachers.


The invention discloses a preparing method for a graphene oxide composite coating on the surface of a magnesium alloy. The preparing method includes the steps that firstly, a magnesium alloy matrix is preprocessed; then, graphene oxide is prepared and dissolved into a 1-5 ml/L triethanolamine water solution and is subjected to ultrasonic dispersing for 2 hours to serve as an electroplating electrolyte; afterwards, a CHI860D type electrochemical workstation is used for assembling a three-electrode system, the preprocessed magnesium alloy serves as a study electrode, a platinum electrode serves as an auxiliary electrode, a saturated calomel electrode serves as a reference electrode, and the chronoamperometry is selected for conducting electrochemical deposition on the magnesium alloy; and finally, the magnesium alloy is taken out to be dried for 1-2 hours at the temperature ranging from 60 DEG C to 70 DEG C, and the graphene oxide composite coating on the surface of the magnesium alloy is obtained. The method is easy to operate, the surface of the obtained composite coating is even and flat, a typical crumple structure of the graphene oxide exists, low corrosion current density and high electrochemical resistance are achieved, and corrosion resistance of the magnesium alloy can be well improved.


A frequently stated objection to the use of student ratings to measure teaching performance is that they reflect extrinsic influences-class conditions over which the instructor has no control. This article presents a method of adjusting for these influences using multiple regression analysis, and provides an illustration of its application. The evidence on the importance of extrinsic influences is mixed. Gage reports evidence from one study that teachers "of the lower level courses consistently received less favorable mean ratings than did those of more advanced courses. Teachers in courses with 30-39 students consistently received lower ratings than did those in courses with more or fewer students. Teachers of on-campus courses received significantly worse ratings than did those of off-campus courses. Finally, teachers of elective courses received consistently more favorable ratings than did instructors of required courses" [1, pp. 58-59]. On the other hand, Remmers and Elliot report that, while graduate students rated instructors higher than undergraduates, among undergraduates the student's year of college was not correlated with the instructor's rating [2]. Guthrie finds that class size was not correlated with student ratings of teaching at Washington [3]. Again Costin, Greenough and Menges report that required courses, upper-class students, and majors correlate with student ratings of instructors [4]. But Mirus finds that required courses and fourth-year (as compared with lower-level) courses at the University of Alberta do not significantly affect the instructor's rating, and class size has very little (albeit, positive) effect on the rating [5]. In short, the mix of evidence establishes doubt about the reliability of a "raw" rating as a measure of teaching performance. Therefore, in assessing the performance of 36 instructors teaching 164 classes from 1971 to 1974 in the Department of Economics, University of Hawaii, we sought to eliminate the influence of extrinsic class characteristics, and to obtain adjusted ratings that reflect the remaining intrinsic characteristics over which the instructor does have control. Our method employs multiple regression analysis, in which Y = the mean of instructor ratings on a five-point scale given by students in a class Xia = class size Xlb = log class size Xlc = reciprocal of class size


Temperature measurement by gas analysis has been demonstrated to be a feasible and repeatable alternative technique to temperature measurement by thermocouples at the combustor exit plane of gas tu...


Caffeine is a methylxanthine currently used in the prevention of disorders in the control of breathing in the pediatric age group. Despite this wide acceptance, the mechanisms implicated in the respiratory action of caffeine are still unclear. The current study has evaluated the effect of caffeine on O2 and CO2 drive of breathing. Seven awake, non-premedicated, non-intubated lambs (mean age 53h) were used for this study. Before and after caffeine therapy (10 mg/kg), progressive isocarbic hypoxia was used to assess the peripheral chemoreceptors, and hyperoxic rebreathing hypercapnea was used for the central receptors. The output of these chemoreceptors was measured by changes in minute ventilation (VE), mean inspiratory flow (Vt/Ti) and timing of respiration (Ii/Ttot). Mean plasma level of caffeine was 13.2mg/ L. Caffeine increased the ventilatory response to isocarbic hypoxia (FiO2: 0.21 to 0.06); the difference was particularly significant with low FiO2. At FiO2= 0.06, VE was 915 before and 1213 ml/kg/min after caffeine (p<0.02); Vt/Ti was 30.9 before and 40.2 ml/kg/s after caffeine (p<0.03). No significant change was induced by caffeine infusion on the CO2 response curve. We conclude that in the newborn lamb, caffeine potentiates the response of the peripheral chemoreceptors; no central effect of caffeine was observed in our study.


Embedded operating system for remote data acquisition applications,a remote data acquisition system is designed based on ARM microprocessor.S3C2440 as a data processor and controller,under the ARM Linux operating platform,DM9000 as a network chip is selected,10 bit AD digitized analog data is realized to design the hardware part of the system.Economic data transmission is realized,practical Ethernet terminal server communication.Combining the characteristics of the distributed system,the function of the the AD acquisition to the data after the processing of the S3C2440 transmitted via Ethernet to the server is achieved,the received data is stored on the server.Network communication protocol for data transmission uses TCP /IP protocol,the communication process uses C /S mode.


A previously independent 47yearold woman presented to the emergency department with left face and upper limb sensorimotor deficits. Her initial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score was 11 points and CT scan of the head excluded a haemorrhagic lesion. Unfortunately, late arrival at hospital contraindicated acute reperfusion therapy. MR scan of the brain showed an ischaemic stroke involving the deep right middle cerebral artery territory with ipsilateral encephalomalacia. Six years previously she had developed a right hemisphere ischaemic stroke with subsequent complete motor recovery. The event had been deemed cryptogenic after a negative full workup. She was discharged on aspirin 100 mg daily but stopped this herself. On both occasions, a CT angiogram had been reported as unremarkable. However, review of the sagittal images identified a linear filling defect in the right extracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) (figure 1A). A previous ultrasound scan of the neck had identified an abnormal protrusion into the extracranial ICA lumen at this site, originally interpreted as a small atheromatous plaque (figure 1B). Digital subtraction angiography confirmed a carotid web in the extracranial right ICA with 50% luminal stenosis (figure 1C) and a left carotid web without significant stenosis. Endovascular stenting of the right internal carotid web was performed and aspirin 100 mg daily was reintroduced. At 6month followup, there was partial clinical recovery (NIHSS4) with no new cerebrovascular events.


The purpose of this paper is to discuss the financial consumer protection in Islamic banks in the context of Islamic Financial Service Act 2013 (IFSA 2013) by looking simultaneously to the standards and guidelines issued by Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM). This conceptual paper examines relevant provisions in both Acts as well as in respective standards and guidelines by BNM related to financial consumer protection. In keeping with the main focuses of BNM on promoting fair, responsible and professional conduct by financial services providers to secure financial stability, this paper highlights the provisions which need to be adhered by the Islamic banks in treating their financial consumers. The discussions of the relevant provisions, standards, and guidelines will enrich the academic understanding of financial consumer protection in Malaysia. This study provides an insight on the initiatives taken in Malaysia particularly in the Islamic banking industry to protect the financial consumers.


This paper presents a review of fuel-saving potential in freight transport. Consideration is given to the weight and power of heavy goods vehicles, and it is suggested, for example, that increasing the gross train weight from 32.5 to 36 tonnes (the weight for which a large proportion of heavy two-axle tractor units are already designed) would improve fuel utilisation by about 8 percent. Exhaust smoke is discussed by reference to emission standards and measured values - leading to enforcement - by means of a new method using a smokemeter, multi-channel recorder and a lug-down test on a roller machine. The measures that can be taken to improve economy and conserve fuel are discussed by reference to engine and vehicle mechanical efficiency, aerodynamic and rolling resistance and driver education and route factors. Alternative engine designs and fuels are considered. This paper was presented at the 1979 Annual Conference of the Institute of Road Transport Engineers. (TRRL)


We make a simple ansatz for the supersymmetric lepton-number violating Yukawa couplings, by relating them to the corresponding Higgs Yukawa couplings. This reduces the free B$_3$ parameters from 36 to 6. We fit these parameters to solve the solar and atmospheric neutrino anomalies in terms of neutrino oscillations. The resulting couplings are consistent with the stringent low-energy bounds. We investigate the resulting LHC collider signals for a stau LSP scenario.


Tumor‐specific T cells are crucial for immunologic control of malignant disease. T cells can be induced in vivo by vaccination or adoptively transferred after activation ex vivo. We investigated the requirements for generating T cells with optimal antitumor effector functions in a murine lymphoma model. Using adoptive transfer, we show that in vivo efficacy of T cells cannot be predicted by tumor reactivity in vitro. A restricted T‐cell receptor β chain repertoire of T‐cell populations stimulated ex vivo against tumor cells was necessary but not sufficient for tumor protectivity. Tumor elimination furthermore required vaccination of donor mice, hence in vivo priming. The in vivo priming step may allow tumor‐specific T cells to accumulate in vitro more rapidly and to survive for longer periods after withdrawal of the antigenic stimulus and adoptive transfer. A possible survival benefit of in vivo induced T cells may be ascribed to the responsiveness to homeostatic cytokines and to unique cytokine milieus encountered in vivo. Most importantly, monoclonal T cells cannot inhibit tumor growth. A prerequisite of tumor rejection was the expression of at least 2 T‐cell receptor β chains by transferred T‐cell populations. This finding has implications for designing adoptive transfer strategies for the clinic. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Humus balances are tools for the assessment of humus management in farming practice. We evaluate the coefficients for organic farming systems that are comprised in the actual draft revision of the German standard method for humus balancing by VDLUFA. Specific coefficients for organic farming are supported by the N balance in the soil-plant system under organic management, and the coefficients under survey relate to plausible yield levels. The evaluation of the balances without and with application of farming-system specific coefficients in four organic long-term field experiments in Germany showed overall weak correlations of all balances with the test criteria soil C change, winter wheat yield level, and N balance, but balancing with specific coefficients yielded slightly better results than unspecific balancing.


Electro-optic sampling is a useful technique to study the electric field distribution in a GaAs microstrip circuit.[1] It has an extremely wide bandwidth capability and, can perform the measurement without physical or electrical contact to the device. However, most of the results of the experiments that had been reported were only point measurement; measuring the electric field at one particular point or discrete locations in the circuit. For some applications, this measurement does not provide adequate information. Two dimensional field distribution can be easily measured by electro-optic sampling because of its noncontact feature. W. Donaldson performed a 2-dimensional measurement with a 2-dimensional diode array[2]. After the polarized incoming light interacted with the electric field, the image of the reflected light which carried the field distribution information was focused on to a 2-dimensional diode array. The acquired data were then displayed on a computer monitor. This method has very good temporal resolution, but very low sensitivity. It requires a high power laser and can only measure strong electric field. These limit its application, making the method unsuitable for characterizing a regular GaAs device.


The historical development of techniques for cooling charged particles is presented. It was G I Budker, the founder and first Director of the Institute of Nuclear Physics (INP) in Novosibirsk, who initiated the development of cooling methods as a means of improving the performance of colliding beams accelerators (now known as colliders). The electron cooling method proposed by G I Budker became the main subject of investigation at BINP. Today, many facilities — ranging from the LHC to those on a moderate university scale — use the electron cooling of heavy ions in nuclear and atomic physics experiments with highly charged ions. The stochastic cooling method proposed by van der Meer has become the primary tool for accumulating and cooling antiprotons.


In this paper we show that every maximum minimum-cost flow over time problem has an optimal solution with a repeated structure if the given time horizon is large enough.


Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the most important food crops worldwide and represents a valuable source of nutrients in a balanced diet. In terms of human consumption, the potato is the third most important food crop in the world, following only rice and wheat Czajkowski (2011). Postharvest soft rot is one of the destructive diseases of vegetables including potato. It occurs worldwide wherever vegetables and ornamentals having fleshy storage tissues are found. The disease can be found on crops in the field, in transit and in storage or during marketing. Soft-rot causes greater total loss of International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 01 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


A model to predict wheat growth stage is briefly described. It is based on prediction of the number of emerged leaves and the final number of leaves on the main shoot, and the co-ordination between leaf emergence and apex development, including stem elongation. The input variables are daily maximum and minimum temperatures, date of sowing and site latitude, from which thermal time, vernalization and daylength are calculated. Selected growth stages were predicted for six sites in each of three growing seasons. The differences between observations made by independent observers and predictions were mostly 7 days or less but in three site–season combinations the average difference was >10 days. Observer errors were implicated and examined, but it is concluded that the prediction scheme must also have been partly responsible for the discrepancies.


Currently, the huge bulk of glycerol formed during biodiesel production as a by-product offered an abundant and low-cost feedstock. Researchers have shown a growing interest in using glycerol as a sustainable feedstock to produce functional chemicals. In this work, ketalization of glycerol using acetone performed over various acid clay catalysts (montmorillonite, aluminum pillared clay and bentonite) in a batch reactor. Effect of temperature and various catalyst on the solketal yield were observed. Among these heterogeneous clay catalysts at 30°C for 30 min reaction time with acetone/glycerol ratio 2:1 the maximum yield of solketal 60% was attained with aluminium pillared clay catalyst. On the other hand, the solketal yield was 58% with montmorillonite catalyst at 40°C at same other conditions. This method provides an enticing way to convert glycerol to solketal – a green valuable product with possible commercial applications. The solketal obtained could be formulated from renewable resources such as glycerol and acetone extracted from biomass and would like to be a suitable approach for various applications such as fuel additives and in medicine industries.


The paper analyzes the questions of small flow,low efficiency,big energy resources consume in the port of coal. With the purpose of energy saving and efficiency increasing,it produces plan of using the skill of conversion frequency to carry out automatic control,such that rate of shipload flow is close to specified ability of range.


(1997). The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1993, Act 108 of 1996. South African Journal on Human Rights: Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 1-2.


This paper summarizes the characteristics and measurement methods of digital economy by reviewing the development of digital economy. By comparing and analyzing the measurement methods of digital economy, the paper finds out the existing problems and provides suggestions for the scientific measurement of digital economy.


Neutron diffraction measurements have been carried out on aqueous 10, 25, and 33 mol% LiBr solutions. The 6Li/7Li isotopic substitution technique was applied to determine the local structure around Li+ in these solutions. The least-squares fitting analysis was successfully adopted both for the observed Li+ difference interference function, ΔLi(Q), and for the Li+ distribution function GLi(r). The nearest neighbor Li+···O distance in the solutions was obtained to be 1.96 ± 0.02 A, which agrees well with that reported in previous neutron diffraction studies. The average hydration number of Li+ decreases from ca. 6 for the 10 mol% LiBr solution to ca. 4 for the 25 mol% LiBr solution. The tetrahedral hydration structure around Li+ appeared to stay even in the 33 mol% LiBr solution. The Li+···Br− correlation was found at 3.4 A in the 33 mol% LiBr solution. This value rather suggests the formation of the solvent-shared ion pair, Li+···D2O···Br−.


1 These four categories Galen named "sanguine," "choleric," "melancholic," and "phlegmatic" after the bodily humors, respectively. Each was the result of an excess of one of the humors that produced, in turn, the imbalance in paired qualities.[8] Subjective well‐being (SWB) reported as satisfaction with life has been commented upon by psychologists as one of the factors determining the positive sense of self. The moot question to be answered is as to what determines this sense of satisfaction and happiness. A review by Dienner et al.[9] found that genetic factors, e.g., inherited tendency to have pleasant, easygoing temperament contributes to positive mental health. Some of the personality factors like low on neuroticism and high in affiliation, perceived control feel positive and optimistic.[10]


THE ARTICLE IS BASED ON AN EXTENSIVE STUDY OF PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC IN HELSINKI. THE STUDY WAS CONCERNED WITH THE FEATURES AND VOLUMES OF PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC, AND WITH THE PEDESTRIAN ENVIRONMENT AND HOW IT IS EXPERIENCED. PEDESTRIAN DATA WERE OBTAINED MAINLY BY PHOTOGRAPHING HELSINKI FROM THE AIR NINE TIMES A DAY AT DIFFERENT HOURS, AND BY COUNTING THE PEDESTRIANS ON THE PHOTOGRAPHS. THE EXPANSION OF INFORMATION THUS OBTAINED HELPED TO DETERMINE THE PEDESTRIAN VOLUMES WITHIN THE WHOLE STUDY AREA PER STREET PASSAGE. THE DATA OBTAINED THROUGH THIS METHOD ALLOWED THE DRAFTING OF A MODEL FOR PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC VOLUME. ACCORDING TO THE MODEL THE MOST IMPORTANT FACTORS IN PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC ARE RETAIL JOBS AND PUBLIC TRANSIT. /AUTHOR/


Museums increasingly acknowledge the need to provide adequate educational services to their visitors. To guide the museums' educational efforts first theoretical frameworks were developed. The Contextual Model of Learning framework is among the most renowned (Falk & Dierking, 2000). It identifies three overlapping contexts: the personal context, the sociocultural context, and the physical context. All three contribute to and influence the interactions and experiences that people have when engaging in free-choice learning activities such as visiting museums. The personal context consists of four factors: Motivation and Expectations, Interest, Prior Knowledge and Experience, Choice and Control. The sociocultural context contains three factors: Within-Group Sociocultural Mediation, Facilitated Mediation by Others and Culture. The physical context includes four factors: Advance Preparation, Setting, Design, and Subsequent Reinforcing Events and Experiences. Together, these 11 factors offer a conceptual framework that describes the influences and interactions between the museum and its visitors. This Contextual Model of Learning framework formed the base upon which the ubiNext museum guide system was developed. It allows the users to plan a tour on a website prior to their actual museum visit. At the museum the system guides the users through the museum using personal digital assistants (PDA). Besides offering the users their preplanned tours, it also offers an algorithmic recommendation system and fixed tours that have been developed by the museum staff. After the museum visit, the users can login at the website again to review the art objects they visited. In an earlier study, this system was tested at the Van Abbe Museum in Eindhoven, the Netherlands (Bartneck, Masuoka, Takahashi, & Fukaya, 2006). Several school classes were asked in the framework of their art classes to plan their tour at the website and then to visit the museum itself. This article presents the follow-up study that tries to extend the original work while maintaining most of the methodology to ensure comparable