Based on the empirical electron theory of solid and molecule,the electron structure of α-Fe/α-Fe-M X and α-Fe/Fe3P phase interfaces were calculated,the real reason for phosphorus to cause cold short of steel with the interface electron density difference △ρ was analysised.The calculation results expatiated that the electron density difference △ρ of the α-Fe/α-Fe-P phase interface was larger than those of phase interfaces formed by Si,Mn and Mo elements,so that the interface stress caused by the α-Fe/α-Fe-P phase interface was larger than that of other phase interfaces,and then the strength of alloy was enhanced greatly and its plasticity and toughness were decreased remarkably.The electron density difference △ρ of α-Fe/Fe3P phase interface formed by Fe3P and α-Fe matrix was discontinuous under first order of approximation,so that both the increase of strengthening effect and the decrease of plasticity and toughness were dramaticaly generated,thereby the cold short of phosphorus was explained.The theoretical analyses agreed well with the experimental facts.


Introduction Coyotes (Canis latrans) are opportunistic carnivores distributed from Alaska to Panama, including colonized urban areas (Morey et al. 2007). HidalgoMihart et al. (2004) presented convincing paleontological evidence that Coyotes have been in southern Mexico and central America prior to the arrival of the Europeans in the 15th century and that the habitat suitable for Coyotes increased due to the deforestation of forests for agriculture. Yet, information about coyote activity in Mexico and central America is scarce (Hidalgo-Mihart et al. 2009). In 1936, Goldman described a new subspecies of coyotes in Honduras (previously C. hondurensis and formerly C. l. hondurensis), and after this description, there has been insufficient information about Coyotes in Honduras, with no reproductive information of C. latrans in the country. Herein, we describe for the first time, the reproductive and behavioral patterns of Coyotes in captivity in Honduras.


The first administration of rituximab can cause important side effects due to cytokine release into the blood. It is therefore recommended to administer it over 4–6 hours. According to the manufacturer subsequent doses can be given in approximately 3 hours, but this is demanding for the patient (pt) and facilities and resources-consuming. A Canadian study has recently shown that rituximab can be given safely over 90 minutes from the second administration in combination with CHOP, provided that steroids and chemotherapy are administered before the antibody. We are conducting an infusion speed-escalation trial to verify if rituximab can be given in one hour without steroids pre-medication, in pts having received at least two previous doses of rituximab (with or without chemotherapy) in the previous 3 months. Further inclusion criteria include a normal cardiac function as evaluated by ECG and echocardiography. Cohorts of 3 patients are assigned to receive rituximab at a given initial infusion speed, to be increased by 100 mg /hour every 30 minutes. All receive standard anti-hystamine and paracetamol pre-medication. At every subsequent rituximab administration the initial speed is increased by 100 mg/h (intra-patient speed-escalation). If a pt experiences serious adverse events (SAE), then 6 pts are treated in the same cohort, in case of SAE in 2 of them the trial is discontinued. In each new cohort the initial speed is 100 mg/hr higher than in the previous cohort. Pts are monitored every 15 minutes for symptoms, blood pressure and hearth rate, hourly for temperature and an ECG is performed after treatment. For patients receiving chemo-immunotherapy, rituximab is given first and chemotherapy only later on the same day. Fifteen pts have so far been included (14 evaluable), with the first 4 cohorts complete. Median age was 60 (range 41–76), lymphoma type was diffuse large cell (8 pts), follicular (4 pts) and other indolent (3 pts). Two patients were treated with single agent rituximab and 12 in combination with chemotherapy. The median time from the last rituximab to inclusion in the study was 3 weeks (range 1–11). Overall, 3 cycles were given at a starting infusion speed of 200 mg/hr, 7 cycles at 300 mg/hr, 11 cycles at 400 mg/hr, 11 cycles at 500 mg/hr, 8 cycles at 600 mg/hr and 7 cycles at 700 mg/hr. The latter schedule allowed the administration of the whole prescribed drug in one hour. All pts tolerated the increased-speed infusion without major side effects. The blood pressure dropped by a median 10–15% of baseline, without symptoms and without significant differences between cohorts. The highest blood pressure drops were of respectively 25% and 29% without symptoms and spontaneously resolving within 15 minutes. There was no variation in the hearth frequency and no elevation of body temperature above 37°C. No relevant ECG changes were seen. We conclude that rituximab can be given in one hour without steroids pre-medication in pts who have already received at least two previous rituximab doses. The study is ongoing to evaluate the maximum infusion speed and will further explore if the latter is applicable from the second infusion on.


The expulsion of the Redemptorists from Warsaw on the advice of politicians, masons and liberals was based mainly on the accusation that they were enemies of Napoleon and thus against his politics. The decision, made by the Emperor himself, was put into effect on 20 June 1808, following the decree of the Prince of the Duchy of Warsaw, Frederick August, issued on June 9. On July 8, after a short period of internment at Kostrzyn on the Oder, Marshall Louis Davout decided that all should be freed and go back to their countries. After July 17, Clement Hofbauer with the clerical students and the Brothers Kunzmann and Widhalm went to Vienna ; some Redemptorists went to Switzerland ; most of the Polish confreres returned to the Duchy of Warsaw wher they were born ; five Fathers born in Warmia were deported directly from Warsaw to their homeland. St. Clement never ceased working for the reunification of at least some of the dispersed confreres. He did his best to found a well-organised House somewhere. This was all the more necessary as the contacts with the other Redemptorists were severely limited and controlled by the Austrians and the Russians in the so called kingdom of Poland, at Janow in Podolia, in the Russian Empire, or at Bucharest in the Turkish empire, either were not carried out or did not succeed well, as in Bucharest. The attempts to make a foundation in Bavaria or in Bulgaria failed to materialise. A definite success of St. Clement was the monastery in Vienna, even though after his death. Nonetheless, many confreres remained dispersed in parishes in Polish and Swiss territories, genrally leaving the Congregation.


Introduction Nausea and vomiting are the most common side effects of chemotherapy in the pediatrics with cancer which affect their quality of life. Use of some methods of complementary medicine in leukemia patients is problematic. Because, leukemia patients are at risk of infection and bleeding, therefore the use of acupressure, acupuncture, and deep massage can be risky in these patients. Slow- stroke back massage is applied on the surface of body, so does not have complications. No study has addressed the effect of massage therapy on chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in pediatrics with acute leukemia in the world. Material and methods This study was a two-group randomized controlled trial (RCT), double blind and repeated measures design. In this RCT, 45 school age children with acute leukemia were placed in the massage and control groups. Before start of the study, at the day of chemotherapy administration (day 1 th ), only nausea and vomiting were measured. Then during 6 days next (day 2 through 7), the intervention group received 5-minutes Super Smash Bros. Melee (SSBM), immediately before start of each session of chemotherapy. Nausea was measured during chemotherapy, 0.5 h and 3 h after each session of chemotherapy in the two groups. Also vomiting was recorded during 24 h after each session of chemotherapy. Repeated measures ANOVA, Chi-square, and t-test were used for analysis. Results Most of pediatrics were male (58.13%), and suffered from Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (81.7%). The repeated measure analysis showed that in the intervention group, the SSBM reduced progressive mean of nausea severity and frequency of vomit over time. While, this side effects have slightly increased over time in the control group.


We have constructed a fourth generation anthropomorphic phantom which, in addition to the realistic description of the human anatomy, includes a coronary artery disease model. A watertight version of the NURBS-based Cardiac-Torso (NCAT) phantom was generated by converting the individual NURBS surfaces of each organ into closed, manifold and non-self-intersecting tessellated surfaces. The resulting 330 surfaces of the phantom organs and tissues are now comprised of ~5×106 triangles whose size depends on the individual organ surface normals. A database of the elemental composition of each organ was generated, and material properties such as density and scattering cross-sections were defined using PENELOPE. A 300 μm resolution model of a heart with 55 coronary vessel segments was constructed by fitting smooth triangular meshes to a high resolution cardiac CT scan we have segmented, and was consequently registered inside the torso model. A coronary artery disease model that uses hemodynamic properties such as blood viscosity and resistivity was used to randomly place plaque within the artery tree. To generate x-ray images of the aforementioned phantom, our group has developed an efficient Monte Carlo radiation transport code based on the subroutine package PENELOPE, which employs an octree spatial data-structure that stores and traverses the phantom triangles. X-ray angiography images were generated under realistic imaging conditions (90 kVp, 10° Wanode spectra with 3 mm Al filtration, ~5×1011 x-ray source photons, and 10% per volume iodine contrast in the coronaries). The images will be used in an optimization algorithm to select the optimal technique parameters for a variety of imaging tasks.


Application of residuals to soil can favor the development of nutrient-poor agricultural areas. The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in the chemical attributes of soil after application of tannery sludge. The applied treatments were 1) Mineral control: 100 kg N ha, applied in different stages (25% at planting and 75% when plant maize was in the 1.4 development stage); 2) tannery sludge: 50 kg ha  ֿ 1; 100 kg ha ֿ 1; 200 kg ha  ֿ 1; 400 kg ha  ֿ 1; and 600 kg ha  ֿ 1 of organic-N. All plots were treated with fertilizer (75 kg ha  ֿ 1 P2O5 and 50 kg ha  ֿ 1 K2O). In the mineral control, nitrogen was applied in ammonium sulphate form. Soil samples were analyzed to determinate pH, calcium, magnesium and aluminum in 1M KCl solution, potential acidity (hydrogen + aluminum in a calcium acetate solution pH 7), and potassium and sodium in a Mehlich 1 solution. The application of tannery sludge modified the chemical attributes of the soil, increasing pH and Na, Ca, and Mg contents. Key-words: Amazon, Disturbed areas, Fertilization, Soil pollution


This study of Yale University School of Medicine's students' and graduates' attitudes toward currently pending national health legislation has attempted to avoid some of the methodological shortcomings of previous surveys. In the present study, 53 per cent of the respondents, including two-thirds of the graduates presently in office-based practices, would accept the AMA-sponsored Medicredit plan. In contrast, the Kennedy-Griffiths Act and the Nixon Administration's proposal to the 92nd Congress were each accepted by 10 per cent or fewer. Although Medicredit was the only plan presently acceptable to a majority of respondents, the striking fragmentation of opinions and the practical political realities indicate that more reform health legislation may be on the horizon. On the basis of a review of doctors' reactions to previous health laws, it is hypothesized that, if such reform legislation is enacted, American physicians, cither willingly or under duress, will modify their practices to conform to the new legality.


A liquid container, comprising an IC card having a memory unit and a light emitting element, which can utilize light emitting section presenting various kinds of information. Storage element stores information for the amount of light emitted by the LED light emission unit comprises a control, which can reduce the brightness difference in light emitting unit, and the information can be sufficiently presented.


Let $M$ be a non-zero module over an associative (not necessarily commutative) ring. In this paper, we investigate the so-called \emph{second} and \emph{coprime} submodules of $M.$ Moreover, we topologize the spectrum $% \mathrm{Spec}^{\mathrm{s}}(M)$ of second submodules of $M$ and the spectrum $% \mathrm{Spec}^{\mathrm{c}}(M)$ of coprime submodules of $M,$ study several properties of these spaces and investigate their interplay with the algebraic properties of $M.$


Research on turnout in presidential elections has shown that "battleground" state status has modest effects on turnout, raising the question of why individuals vote even in noncompetitive states. We present experimental evidence showing that the typically small effect of battleground status on turnout may be tied to the fact that voting norms are insensitive to whether a given individual's vote is likely to affect the outcome of an election. Instead, variability in the social rewards to voting are more closely tied to the behaviors of others.


Cascaded neutral point clamped (NPC) inverter is more suitable for high voltage, high power applications, but the power and voltage balances are crucial in practical uses. This paper proposes an effective SPWM control scheme for a cascaded NPC inverter in which a pulse rotation is fulfilled for all modulation indices. The module voltage and power, and series- capacitor voltage of each module are perfectly balanced, and each module has low switching frequency providing high pulse frequency of phase voltage. The proposed scheme is applied to the 1M VA 6000 V 17-level cascaded NPC inverter for an 800 kW 4160 V induction motor drive. The experimental results verify the proposed scheme.


Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is a ubiquitously expressed phosphatase implicated in energy balance regulation. CNS-specific PTP1B-deficiency results in a lean phenotype with resistance to dietinduced obesity. PTP1B antagonizes actions of leptin, which regulates central energy balance by suppressing food intake and elevating energy expenditure. Although the metabolic effects of PTP1B-deficiency have been largely attributed to improved leptin sensitivity, mice lacking both leptin and PTP1B weigh less compared to the mice lacking leptin only, suggesting leptin-independent metabolic effects of PTP1B-deficiency. Biochemical studies have identified tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) as a potential substrate for PTP1B. Since TrkB ligand brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a key player in energy balance, this dissertation tests the hypothesis that PTP1B is a physiological regulator of central BDNF/TrkB signaling and further examines the metabolic role of endogenous hypothalamic and hindbrain BDNF/TrkB signaling. To assess whether PTP1B is a physiological regulator of central BDNF/TrkB signaling, an immortalized human neuronal SH-SY5Y-TrkB cell line was utilized in biochemical studies in vitro, and a mouse model of global PTP1B-deficiency (Ptpn1-/-) was used to test the metabolic response to exogenous central BDNF delivery in vivo. In SH-SY5Y-TrkB cells, PTP1B overexpression and PTP1B inhibition impairs and augments TrkB signaling, respectively. Furthermore, PTP1B interacts with the BDNF-activated TrkB receptor. Ptpn1-/mice exhibit enhanced hypothalamic TrkB phosphorylation, and are hypersensitive to central BDNF-induced increase in core temperature. Whether Ptpn1-/mice show increased hypothalamic neurogenesis was explored through BrdU studies. To further elucidate the role of endogenous BDNF/TrkB signaling in central metabolic control, hypothalamus (Nkx2.1-Ntrk2-/-) or hindbrain (Phox2b-Ntrk2+/-) specific TrkB-deficient mice were generated and their metabolic phenotype was analyzed in comparison to wild type controls. Nkx2.1-Ntrk2-/mice display increased body weight and adiposity due to alterations in food intake and energy expenditure, and have glucose homeostasis impairments. Interestingly, female mice lacking TrkB in the hypothalamus have a more robust metabolic phenotype. Phox2b-Ntrk2+/mice exhibit pronounced hyperphagia despite the absence of a body weight phenotype. In summary, these data clearly establish PTP1B as a novel, physiological regulator of central BDNF/TrkB signaling, and that endogenous hypothalamic and hindbrain TrkB signaling are essential to central metabolic control. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Graduate Group Neuroscience First Advisor Kendra K. Bence This dissertation is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/1927 Subject Categories Neuroscience and Neurobiology This dissertation is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/1927 REGIONAL ROLES OF CENTRAL TRKB RECEPTORS IN ENERGY BALANCE AND REGULATION BY PTP1B Ceren Ozek A DISSERTATION in Neuroscience Presented to the Faculties of the University of Pennsylvania in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2015 Supervisor of Dissertation ______________________ Kendra K. Bence, Associate Professor of Biomedical Sciences Graduate Group Chairperson ______________________ Joshua I. Gold, Professor of Neuroscience Dissertation Committee Robert G. Kalb (Chair), Professor of Neurology Harvey J. Grill, Professor of Psychology Bart C. DeJonghe, Assistant Professor of Biobehavioral and Health Sciences Teresa M. Reyes, Associate Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience REGIONAL ROLES OF CENTRAL TRKB RECEPTORS IN ENERGY BALANCE AND REGULATION BY PTP1B COPYRIGHT 2015 Ceren Ozek


Northern high-alpine regions are currently experiencing rapid warming, which often results in the degradation of sub-surface permafrost and the upslope advancement of vegetation. The present study combines remotely sensed MODIS Land Surface Temperatures (LSTs) and the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) with observed air temperatures to model the thermal and vegetational dynamics in NE Jotunheimen (Norway) for the period 1957–2019. An altitudinal transect on the north-facing slope of Galdhøpiggen was used for ground truthing. Results indicate a substantial warming trend since the late 1950s, accompanied by increased NDVI. The spatial and temporal patterns of observed change were not uniform. Winter surface temperatures increased most rapidly, by 2.4–2.8°C at mid- and low altitudes (600–1500 m a.s.l.). The highest increases in NDVI (by ∼0.1) were detected during the growing season (April–September) and over the mid-range altitudes (1050–1500 m a.s.l.), that is, above the tree line on Galdhøpiggen. We attribute this to increased shrubification at these altitudes. Our results confirm that the surface temperatures near the previously estimated lower altitudinal limit of permafrost (∼1450 m a.s.l.) have continued to increase during the past decade, likely facilitating further permafrost degradation. Finally, we demonstrate that mapping remotely sensed mean growing season LSTs below 0°C can be used to identify areas suitable for continuous sub-surface permafrost, and mean June–September LSTs above 7°C can detect areas suitable for tree (Betula pubescens) growth in NE Jotunheimen.


We have developed SummaryBIFF, a new e-mail delivery system for mobile phones that sends a summary of each newly arrived message and the URL connected to the HTML file converted from the message. The summary is generated by our sentence extraction method that takes the features of e-mail messages for business use into consideration. Our method uses the features as cue phrases and modalities that play important roles in business messages. A user can read not only the summary of a message but also the whole message directly through the URL over the user's mobile phone if necessary.


A challenge in high-temperature solar thermal applications is transfer of concentrated solar radiation to the load with minimum energy loss. The use of a solar concentrator in conjunction with optical fibres has potential advantages in terms of transmission efficiency, technical feasibility and cost-effectiveness compared to a conventional heat transfer system employing heat exchangers and a heat transfer fluid. For transferring higher levels of concentrated flux it is necessary to employ multiple optical fibres or fibre bundles. However, the losses at the incident plane of a bundle due to absorption by the epoxy and cladding between the individual fibres in a bundle are substantial, typically over 60% of the overall transmission loss. The optical transmission of the system can thus be enhanced by employing a coupler between the concentrated solar radiation and the entrance to the bundle that reflects all incident light into the cores of individual fibres rather than allowing it to strike the interstitial spaces between the cores. This paper describes the design for such couplers based on multiple compound parabolic (CP) reflectors each with its exit aperture coinciding with the core of an individual fibre within the bundle. The proposed design employs external reflection from a machined metallic aluminium surface. This CP arrangement has the additional benefit of increasing the concentration ratio of the primary solar concentrator used. Simulation modeling using LightTools is conducted into a parabolic Cassegrain solar concentrator employing these CP couplers prior to a fibre bundle. The dependence of overall transmission and total optical efficiency of the system over lengths of the bundle up to 100 m are investigated quantitatively. In addition, the influence on transmission of the angular distribution of radiation intensity at the aperture of the couplers is studied.


Automatic in-field fruit recognition techniques can be used to estimate fruit number, fruit size, fruit skin color, and yield in fruit crops. Fruit color and size represent two of the most important fruit quality parameters in stone fruit (Prunus sp.). This study aimed to evaluate the reliability of a commercial mobile platform, sensors, and artificial intelligence software system for fast estimates of fruit number, fruit size, and fruit skin color in peach (Prunus persica), nectarine (P. persica var. nucipersica), plum (Prunus salicina), and apricot (Prunus armeniaca), and to assess their spatial and temporal variability. An initial calibration was needed to obtain estimates of absolute fruit number per tree and a forecasted yield. However, the technology can also be used to produce fast relative density maps in stone fruit orchards. Fruit number prediction accuracy was ≥90% in all the crops and training systems under study. Overall, predictions of fruit number in two-dimensional training systems were slightly more accurate. Estimates of fruit diameter (FD) and color did not need an initial calibration. The FD predictions had percent standard errors <10% and root mean square error <5 mm under different training systems, row spacing, crops, and fruit position within the canopy. Hue angle, a color attribute previously associated with fruit maturity in peach and nectarine, was the color attribute that was best predicted by the mobile platform. A new color parameter—color development index (CDI), ranging from 0 to 1—was derived from hue angle. The adoption of CDI, which represents the color progression or distance from green, improved the interpretation of color measurements by end-users as opposed to hue angle and generated more robust color estimations in fruit that turn purple when ripe, such as dark plum. Spatial maps of fruit number, FD, and CDI obtained with the mobile platform can be used to inform orchard decisions such as thinning, pruning, spraying, and harvest timing. The importance and application of crop yield and fruit quality real-time assessments and forecasts are discussed.


Although we are more familiar to use of ERP systems in manufacturing sector, in recent years, they have wide application areas in service sector. This is because of that ERP systems facilitate communication, management, and monitoring of enterprises. In non-profit organizations, which have a special situation in service sector, there are some special needs besides the standard structure. In this study, the implementations of ERP systems in service sector, especially in non-profit organizations are examined. The proposed organization is Turkish Red Crescent Society. Firstly, the Red Crescent Society's activities and processes have been analyzed. The ERP project stages are described. In addition to the standard ERP modules, especially the modules concerning with the Red Crescent such as Disaster Preparedness and Response, Blood Services, Youth and Volunteer services, Cash and in-kind relief Services and their structures, operations and integrations with other modules are described. At the end of the study, some suggestions are offered to reach the ideal solution.


Many municipalities are finding it difficult to fulfill the task of receiving new arrivals and provide them with a home. What at first may seem to be a fast and easy solution is in reality a short- ...


The paper considers issues of standard axle load, which is among the main design parameters when designing motorway pavements. Changing standard axle loads over time due to changes in the traffic flow composition is shown. Standard axial loads recommended for the design by the currently valid regulatory documents are given. Also, axle loads are given for trucks most widespread on domestic highways. Attention is drawn to the axle loads of modern vehicles, significantly exceeding the standard values. Also, the paper provides research data showing that more than 75 % of freight vehicles are overloaded, which also increases axle loads. These two factors – axle loads exceeding the standard values and overloaded vehicles lead to additional loads on the motorway pavement, for which it has not been designed. This, in turn, leads to the premature destruction of road pavements, the loss of their service quality, and additional costs for repairs. The paper justifies the need to increase the standard axle load when designing the motorway pavements since the use of the currently adopted value of 115 kN in the pavement design leads to insufficient strength of the pavement designed and its inability to withstand the existing loads. It is proposed to use an axial load of 150 kN as a design parameter when designing the motorway pavements.


Objective
To investigate the clinicopathological features of Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome (PJS).

Methods
The clinical and pathological data of 295 patients with PJS treated at the Air Force General Hospital from November 1994 to August 2017 were retrospectively analyzed, including general condition, age at appearance of mucocutaneous pigmentation, location of mucocutaneous pigmentation, interval time between the appearance of pigmentation and abdominal symptoms, age at first treatment, history of examination and therapy, distribution and maximum diameter of gastrointestinal polyps, malignant transformation of polyps, and complications.

Results
The 295 patients with PJS belonged to seven ethnic groups and came from 26 provinces. The vast majority of the patients (99%) had pigmentation on the lip and buccal mucosa, and 96.6% of them had developed mucocutaneous pigmentation before the age of 10 years. The median interval time between the appearance of pigmentation and abdominal symptoms was 10 years (Q=12). The median age of initial diagnosis and treatment was 15 years old (Q=12). The age at appearance of mucocutaneous pigmentation, interval time between the appearance of pigmentation and abdominal symptoms, and the age at first treatment were not related to gender, family history, or blood type (P>0.05). PJS hamartoma polyps were mainly found in the duodenum and small intestine (96.3%, 95%CI: 94.5%-98.7%). Fourteen patients had malignant transformation of polyps and 19 had gastrointestinal or extra- gastrointestinal cancer. The morbidity of gastrointestinal and systemic malignant tumors was significantly higher in patients with PJS than in the general population.

Conclusion
PJS is characterized clinically by the presence of pigmentation on the lip and buccal mucosa and hamartoma polyps in the digestive tract, and the hamartoma polyps can be distributed in the whole gastrointestinal tract and may become cancerous.

Key words:
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome; Clinical manifestation; Diagnosis; Treatment; Pathology


The increase of information in the medical environment caused by digital imaging settings is notable. The search and use of these technological tools aimed at medicine require a greater availability of storage, generating increasing costs. In medicine, together with information technology, there is a format of images used in exams, diagnostics, tomography, among others. This format, entitled DICOM, was created in order to standardize uses in medical devices for exam answers. An open question is the compression of DICOM data, in order to maintain quality, maintaining high rates of compression. This presents a new method for compressing and decompressing DICOM data using a dual cone bijector function and a video codec, called DC (Double Cone). This work offers 3 changes to the DC method (DC1, DC2 and DC3). The results obtained with a new technique show that the compression, although with loss, has a similarity index very close to the original image (SSIM = 0.99), and an accuracy ratio equal to 69.51, in the better case. The better performing version was the DC2.


In this paper we propose a methodology to simplify the verification process by creating a library of small, generic Verilog-A (VA) based assertion modules that can be connected together to form more complex checkers for any circuit. This serves as a good infrastructure for designers to easily build their own checkers. A Cadence infrastructure with schematic elements like symbols and forms are built to make the use of the library of assertions for a module level verification more intuitive and user friendly. Using the above infrastructure the required assertion based checkers can be embedded in the module design itself as an integral part and remain with the design hierarchy during the entire product life cycle at all integration levels of system-on-chip (SoC). This makes the module designs self-checking for verification purposes. This method enables to check the correctness of integration of the IP/design in question at the higher levels and automatic verification of these modules in the context of the SoC, avoiding or minimizing the manual checks at SoC level and / or limiting such checks to specific system scenarios that might not have been otherwise checked at the module level.


With the former dissimilarity,it will become a kind of normal which we need obtain the tower coordinate value in the circuit survey in the aftertime.It should be a kind of technique project on economical and applicable,which we can obtain all towers coordinate by connection measure part towers each certain distance.According to the technique request and the work characteristicses in the circuit eventually survey,combining together through the theories analysis and experiments,this article deduce that it should be small in 7,000 meters between the connection measure points at the more flourishing region,and it should be small in 13,700 at the owe flourishing region.


Thanks chiefly to the contribution of the epigraphic documentation and to archaeological data (coins, amphorae), the A. singles out two routes which linked Marseille to Sicily. One, passing through Campania and the Straits of Messina, reached Syracuse (eventually going on towards Greece) ; the other, crossing Sardinia, arrived at Lilybaeum (eventually continuing towards Spain).


The election of Nicolas Sarkozy as the new French President and the potential changes in the French security and defence policy.

As the French prepare for the changes in domestic policy promised by Nicolas Sarkozy, France's allies and the international strategic community are watching for any sign of a repositioning in defence and security matters. On the other side of the Atlantic, expectations are high, but Sarkozy might not be the Atlanticist that some people suppose. Most of the changes are likely to be more of style and personality rather than fundamental shifts in policy. During their first weeks in power, Sarkozy and his new government have focused mainly on European Union (EU) policy and the Middle East. France, for example, has remained surprisingly discreet on the issue of missile defence, perhaps a sign of a more business-like approach and of less grandstanding. One of Sarkozy's priorities will be to reposition his country as a European player. His challenge will be to consolidate a more independent European defence effort, while not distancing France from the US and NATO. The new spirit of renovation might also emerge as a more pragmatic and flexible approach to strategic doctrine and the review of France's White Book on Defence. Sarkozy's emphasis on lifting France's economic performance is also likely to be felt in defence planning and defence economics in general, with a strong support for the industry, as exemplified by the visit to EADS (European Aeronautic Defence and Space) facilities in Toulouse, his first trip inside France as new President. Sarkozy has been rather ambiguous on France's role in stabilisation operations and peacekeeping, an elusiveness he will have to brush away very soon as pressure in Afghanistan is mounting. Finally, one of the new President's most surprising proposals is to create a National Security Council on the US model, which will necessary shake up a long-standing French institutional balance in defence matters.


Abstract Introduction: Treatment with amiodarone is associated with thyroid dysfunction. Thyrotoxicosis is a possible consequence and 3 types of amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis (AIT) are commonly defined: AIT1 (Iodine-induced hyperthyroidism), AIT2 (hyperthyroidism resulting from destructive thyroiditis) and mixed/indefinite forms resulting from a mixture of types 1 and 2. Treatment consists of thionamides or glucocorticoids, depending on the AIT type. Subsequently, thyroidectomy should be considered. Plasmapheresis has been mentioned as a "life-saving" treatment, although its use is not yet a standard practice in the resolution of thyrotoxicosis. Case report: 61-year-old man, with history of NYHA class II/III ischemic heart failure, submitted to cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator in 2014, permanent atrial fibrillation, dyslipidaemia, ex-smoker and COPD. No history of thyroid pathology. His usual medication included amiodarone 200mg od. On February of 2018, the patient entered the emergency room due to anginal pain that developed for cardiorespiratory arrest (CRA) and reverted after cardioversion. He was admitted to the Coronary Unit where an analytical study showed TSH - 0.01 μUI/mL, FT4-4.21ng/dL. Endocrinology evaluation was requested. The patient presented with digital tremor, without exophthalmia and a nodule was perceptible on palpation. It was prescribed thiamazole 30mg/day because of the suspicion of AIT 1. He performed thyroid ultrasonography with doppler that showed isoechoic nodule of 14mm in the right lobe, aspects suggestive of thyroiditis and preserved vascularization of the gland. Anti-thyroid and anti-TSH receptor antibodies were absent. Thus, the hypothesis of AIT 2 was more likely to occur and prednisolone 20mg/day was added, aiming to achieve euthyroidism that would provide the necessary conditions for the patient to undergo total thyroidectomy. From this moment on, FT4 and TSH assays were repeated every 3 days and prednisolone and thiamazole doses were increased to a maximum of 70mg and 40mg, respectively. Approximately 50 days after the onset of hospitalization, due to the inability to achieve euthyroidism and also to the progression of the heart disease that motivated a new CRA during the admission, total thyroidectomy was mandatory and therefore it was decided to proceed to plasmapheresis. The procedure went without any harm and a FT4 of 1,82 ng/dL was reached. This value was above the reference range, however with a marked improvement compared to the value prior to the procedure. The patient was then submitted to total thyroidectomy but died 2 days later due to multiorganic dysfunction. Conclusion: This case shows the difficulties that are often found in the treatment of AIT. Still, it makes clear that in urgent cases, plasmapheresis can be a viable and effective alternative in the restoration of euthyroidism, with the potential to save lifes.


A method for wireline intervention in an subsea well from a floating vessel(4) comprises: a) arranging a tubular tool riser(1) in a substantially horizontal position at a deck(4A) of the vessel(4); b) connecting a wireline assembly(7A) to a wireline(7) that is connected to a winch(7B)at the deck (4A); c) inserting the wireline assembly(7A) into the tool riser (1) such that the wireline (7) passes along a riser sheave(8) connected to a first end(1A) of the tool riser(1); d) connecting the first end(1A) of the tool riser(1) to a crane hook(2) that lifts the tool riser(1)in an upright position above a guide sleeve(5)that is connected to a side wall(4B) of the vessel(4) adjacent to the deck(4A); f) inducing the crane to lower the tool riser (1) through the guide sleeve(5) such that the second end(1B) of the tool riser(1) is located subsea and the first end(1A) of the tool riser(1) and the riser sheave(8) are located above the deck(4A); and g) inducing a crane heave compensation mechanism to control the motion of the tool riser(1) and riser sheave(8) relative to the seafloor while unreeling the wireline(7) from the winch(7B) such that the wireline assembly(7A) is lowered from the tool riser(1) through the water 11 into an subsea well.


Material Examined. USA: Arizona, Pinal County, Casa Grande, 29.ix.-3.x.2009, W. B. Warner collector, 1 female, voucher specimen in the collection of A. Herrmann. The exact location is at the SW corner of Kleck Road and Evens Road in Casa Grande, Arizona, at 32°54′31′′N, 111°38′45′′W, elevation 432 m (1,416 ft). Remarks. The single female specimen was collected during the day on flowers of Isocoma acradenia (Green) (Asteraceae) blooming next to a couple of large cattle dairies and a calf facility. It is a scraped over area of desert with some native plants regrowing. Hypothetically, the dairies may have imported feeds infested with the dermestid. Distribution. The species is known fromCyprus, England (introduced), Greece, Portugal, Spain, Algeria, Egypt, Eritrea, Libya, Morocco, Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Tunisia, Zimbabwe, Afghanistan, "Caucasus", India (Madhya Pradesh, Rajastan, Uttar Pradesh), Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Tadzhikistan, Turkmenistan, United Arab Emirates, and Uzbekistan (Háva 2003, 2011). This is the first report of the species in the USA, where it is likely an introduced species.


We demonstrate fiber pulsed lasers passively mode-locked by graphene in high-power regime. We realize an evanescent field interaction to form picosecond pulses with 21.41-dBm intracavity power escaping from the thermal damage of the carbon nanostructure.


In the face of a six month measles outbreak, Rockland County in New York has declared a state of emergency and banned unvaccinated children under 18 from schools, stores, restaurants, and houses of worship. Outdoor spaces such as playgrounds are not included.

County executive Ed Day announced the ban at a press conference on 26 March "to prevent any more children from falling ill with this dangerous disease. Anyone who is under 18 years of age and is unvaccinated against measles will be barred from public places until the declaration expires in …


The influence of both methanol and ethanol on the stability of orosomucoid molecule was studied over a broad range of alcohol concentrations (volume fraction 0 - 70%) and pH between 7 and 12. The data obtained by optical methods were compared with information from prediction studies which were focused on the structural features and physicochemical parameters of amino acid in the orosomucoid molecule. From this analysis the following conclusions can be drawn: (i) ethanol exerts a more pronounced effect on α-helix formation than methanol does, (ii) at higher pH the electrostatic contribution is the crucial effect in the destabilization of the orosomucoid molecule, (iii) out of 12 phenylalanines in the orosomucoid molecule only 1 - 2 are exposed to the solvent; of the residues which are not subjected to substitution appears to be Phe 141, (iv) its neighbor, Tyr 142, appears to be a key residue, the dissociation of which destabilizes one of two longer helical segments of the orosomucoid molecule, (v) the limits of applicability of the four-derivatives of UV spectra with respect to phenylalanines were examined; analysis of the data is recommended on a more precise mathematical basis, taking into consideration the bandwidth of the spectral peaks.


MS medium was used for the culture of Cyathus gansuensis and inhibitory metabolites against Sphaeropsis sapinea were extracted by CHCl3 and CH3COOCH2CH3 from the ferment liquid of the bird's nest fungus. Leaded by bioassay, a inhibitory compound was obtained by a combination of reversed-phase silica gel column chromatography and HPLC. HPLC analysis indicated that the inhibitory compound was a purified compound and it was named CXL-I. Inhibition effect of CXL-I against the growth of hyphae and germination of spores of Sphaeropsis sapinea was studied. The results indicated that CXL-I could obviously inhibite the growth of hyphae and germination of spores of the forest pathogen. When the dosage of CXL-I was 50g/ml, the relative inhibition rates of hyphae growth and spore germination of the pathogen were 80% and more than 95% respectively.


Present study was carried out to ascertain the extent of genetic variability in the population of 48 different chickpea genotypes with respect to yield, nutritional quality and other agronomic characters. The highest genotypic coefficient of variation was observed for 100-seed weight followed by methionine content, number of pods per plant, seed yield per plant and number of seeds per pod. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was observed for methionine content, 100-seed weight, pods per plant and days to flowering indicating the predominance of additive gene action. The results demonstrated ample scope for improving seed yield in chickpea through selection of 100-seed weight, pods per plant and days to flowering. The protein quality can also be improved through changing the methionine content through selection.


"Jarosites" are environmentally important sulphate minerals, frequent in acid mine drainage (AMD), because they configure an ultimate sink of lead and other hazardous metals reducing their spread in soils and rivers. With general formula AB3(OH)6(SO4)2 , where A is mainly K+, Na+, plus minor Ag+, Tl+, Pb2+, Bi3+, and B is Fe3+ (jarosite s.s.) or Al3+ (alunite), the jarosites mineral group (s.l.) has trigonal symmetry [1] and display Kagomé-type layers of corner-sharing B octahedra, [Fe/AlO2(OH)4]. The large cation A stays in a pseudo-icosahedral site, coordinated by 6Oatoms from [SO4] tetrahedra and 6OH shared with A octahedral cations (fig.1), thus configuring unique magnetic properties to jarosite (s.s.). The octahedral crystal field stabilizes high spin-state ferric ions, and this peculiar undistorted triangular motif with fully occupied magnetic sites and weak interlayer coupling renders jarosite a paradigmatic Kagomé Heisenberg Anti-Ferromagnet, KHAFM [2]. By analogy with what happens with the white line in sulphur K-edge XANES spectra of iron sulphates [3], it is then expectable that the pre-edge details of Fe K-edge XANES spectra will respond to the different nature of the large cation. Once doubts still subsist concerning the exact crystal structure of Pb-rich jarosite [4], a comparative study on the electronic state of iron in these important sulphates was undertaken by comparing and analysing the pre-edge details of Fe 1s XANES spectra from various jarosites and structurally affine iron sulphates (Table 1) . Experimental


This study uses a qualitative approach. It is a research methods which is used to research the condition of the natural object, where the researcher is a key instrument. Method of determining the subject uses purposive sampling. Data collection techniques such as observation, structured and unstructured interviews, and documentation. After the data collected, analyzing is done, by using the inductive deductive descriptive techniques, the educational procedures of data, categorization of data, sintese the data, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study shows that the implementation of Islamic Education in SMAN 1 Pacitan is very well, so that 90 percent of students were received in both State and private college and good attitude. Islamic teachers implement habituation to create the of students character, both academic and non- academic one .In academic, teachers understand the characteristics of learners from the physical aspect, the moral, social, cultural, emotional, and intellectual. Mastery of theory and principles in learning of Islamic education; Developing Islamic education curriculum; To accomplish the development of Islamic education; Mastering all the characteristics of school stake holders including principal. Utilizing of information and communication technology do perform and development of Islamic education; Development potential learners to actualize their potential in the field of Islamic education; Communication is effective, empathetic, and well manner with the students; Implementation of assessment and evaluation of processes and outcomes of learning Islamic education; Using the findings of the assessment and evaluation for learning Islamic education; Reflective action to improve the quality of learning Islamic education . Non-academic such as; to discipline students affectionatelly, to arrouse learning spirit,to utilize learning resources.
Religious Education Teachers Effort in Improving the quality of Islamic education in SMAN 1 Pacitan use several strategies, both intra- and extra-curricular strategies ; cooperate internal religious teacher, extern religion teacher, principal, guidance counselor, and students parents.
Religious Education Teacher Support in Improving the Quality of Islamic Education in SMA 1 Pacitan in 2013/2014. Aspects teachers are Creative to understand students' learning styles; perceptive student boredom; not angry; Aspects of the methods which applied by the Islamic religion teacher at SMAN 1 Pacitan in an effort to improve the quality of Islamic education is very various, according to KD ( Basic Competence ). Aspects of the material which is taught, class X as a pilot curriculum in 2013 and the Class XI and Class XII are still using KTSP curriculum, all goes well and smoothly; Aspects of the evaluation carried out by Islamic teachers of SMAN 1 Pacitan consists of assessment of cognitive, affective and psychomotor.
Obstacles which are faced by religious teachers in improving the quality of Islamic education; they are input of students from families which are very homogenous environment, mosque or place of worship insufficient and could not accommodate the number of people in schools. Not able to perform the worship Jum'ah prayers at school, reservoir is still branched to another instalation, so that water is not run well when students use it together.


The method of survey on the some typical sections of Class Ⅱ Highway with twolane are selected,the data of alignment and speed are collected,the speed data on the radius(R) of 200 m,250 m,300 m,400 m,500 m,600 m,650 m of horizontal curve for passenger cars and medium-sized trucks are analyzed and then the correspond operating speed V85 is gained.After analyzing the operating speed by SPSS software respectively,the operating speed model for passenger cars on Class Ⅱ Highway with two-lane is established.Statistical analysis indicates that the radius R and V85 are related significantly, and the significant probability is 0.The model has high accuracy.At the same time,the moving characteristics of vehicles are analyzed and combined with data which are surveyed on the spot,critical radius of small radius curve for Class Ⅱ Highway,R0 = 610 m,is identified.


Introduction: Nipah virus (NiV) is a recently emerged zoonotic paramyxovirus, capable of inter-human transmission and listed byWHO among the top eight emerging pathogens, based on the probability of causing severe outbreaks and a pandemic potential. In humans, NiV induces acute respiratory distress and encephalitis with a lethality of 40-100%.Anovel antiviral approach, based on peptideswhich interferewith the fusion of NiV with host cells has been recently developed. Research hypothesis: The project aims to develop a new approach to administer aerosolized peptides capable of inhibiting respiratory NiV infection, which may be applied to the other respiratory viruses using similar fusion mechanism for viral entry. Methods: We have developed an inhalation strategy using nebulized antiviral peptide in African Green Monkey (AGM), an animal model shown to well reproduce human NiV infection. Results and discussion: A customized nebuliser with a specific mesh size and interface to produce an aerosol of peptides while ensuring the upkeep of >90% of antiviral activity after nebulisation was assessed. Lung deposition was measured by in vivo scintigraphy (8-16% in terms of nebulizer charge). Toxicology analysis in AGM demonstrated the absence of adverse lung findings from nebulised peptides after several consecutive administrations of 10 min. Immunofluorescence assays, using peptide specific antibodies on lung slices, revealed the presence of peptides along the respiratory tract 24 h after administration. Conclusion: Developed nebulisers are now ready for the first proof-of-concept study with the infectious NiV in a Biosafety level 4 laboratory. The results may open new perspectives for antiviral prevention against respiratory viruses and the strategy could be further extended to the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 outbreak (funded by DGAANR-Astrid-Maturation).


To solve multi-objective hybrid flow-shop scheduling problems,a new evolutionary algorithm was presented which could dynamically adjust the fitness assignment in optimizing scheduling process.Matrix code was used to describe the scheduling solutions of multi-phased parallel machines,and the improvement degree for each Pareto solution was measured by combining optimization model.Then the fitness of each individual was determined with a selective weight approach.Thus the adaptive pressure to proper direction could be obtained.The performance of this algorithm with benchmark problems and practical optimization example were analyzed,and experimental results showed that the algorithm was more effective than the existing ones for multi-objective problems with large dimensionality,and it could converge to satisfactory solutions at a high speed.


On-line monitoring of wastewater parameters is a major scientific and technical challenge because of the great variability of wastewater characteristics and the extreme physical-chemical conditions that endure the sensors. Wastewater treatment plant managers require fast and reliable information about the input sewage and the operation of the different treatment stages. There is a great need for the development of sensors for the continuous monitoring of wastewater parameters. In this sense, several optical systems have been evaluated. This article presents an experimental laboratory-based approach to quantify commonly employed urban wastewater parameters, namely biochemical oxygen demand in five days (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), and the ratio BOD5:COD, with a visible and short wave near infrared (V/SW-NIR) spectrometer (400–1000 nm). Partial least square regression (PLSR) models were developed in order to quantify the wastewater parameters with the recorded spectra. PLSR models were developed for the full spectral range and also for the visible and near infrared spectral ranges separately. Good PLSR models were obtained with the visible spectral range for BOD5 (RER = 9.64), COD (RER = 10.88), and with the full spectral range for the TSS (RER = 9.67). The results of this study show that V/SW-NIR spectroscopy is a suitable technique for on-line monitoring of wastewater parameters.


There is a great need to overcome the increasingly difficult challenge of using digital mediums to transfer sensitive data including images in a fast but secure way. Previous solutions to this challenge have been centered around cryptography mostly data encryption. This paper involves a more recent developed solution which can be used on mobile devices, known as steganography to augment the failures of encryption. Many of the previous image steganographic schemes use complex algorithms to embed pictures known as payload images, into image files known as cover images to get stego images. Hence, this research aims at developing a novel method to embed and recover payload images in cover images. The novel steganography method employed here is based on the discrete cosine transform (DCT) combined with the least significant bit (LSB) method, and it has been shown to give better signal to noise ratio of the recovered payload image as compared to previous discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and LSB based methods.


In recent years, the living standard of the peasants has been improved continuously. As a result, they pay more attention to the quality of their life. They spontaneously jump square dance more and more, which also plays a more and more important role in the cultural life of the peasants. At present, the development of rural square dance have been well developed, but there are also some problems with it, such as: the lacking of government support, deficiency of dancing skills, etc. Grass roots government should increase support for rural square dance, strengthening lead dancer's training, encouraging social forces to support the rural square dance activities.


Objective To analyze and to evaluate epidemic situation and control effect of Plasmodium falciparum in Anhui. Methods Epidemic and distribution of P. falciparum was analysed by epidemiology according to reports of epidemic sitation and investigation of special subject and measures were taken against controlling agent and vehicle of P. falciparum according to epidemic characteristic. Results There was a breakout on a large scale and regional epidemic of P. falciporum in history. However, the native infectious P. falciparum case had not been detected after taking synthetic control measures in Anhui since 1990. Conclusions The transmission of P. falciparum can be blocked by synthetic control measure.


Follicular lymphoma (FL) is characterized by the t(14;18) translocation and is incurable with standard treatments in advanced stages. However, the prognosis of FL is heterogeneous and there are long term survivor with a slow disease progression. The detection of residual t(14;18) positive cells by PCR has become an important tool in the diagnostic work-up and during the clinical follow-up in patients with FL. Therefore we evaluated the prognostic value of RQ-PCR assessment at diagnosis and follow-up in patients with advanced FL.

Patients and methods: PB and bone marrow (BM) of 80 patients with advanced stage, t(14;18)+ FL treated frontline with CHOP (n=42) or CHOP+ Rituximab (n=28) in a prospective trial of the German Low-Grade Lymphoma Study Group (GLSG) was analysed. t(14;18)+ cells were quantified by RQ-PCR (ABI PRISM 7700).

Results: Patients with stage IV disease (p=0.003), presence of B-symptoms (p=0.002) or >4 involved lymph node regions (p=0.004) had significantly higher level of PB t(14;18)+ cells, whereas the RQ-PCR levels did not correlate with sex, bulky disease, LDH and age. RQ-PCR level seemed to correlate also with the FLIPI defined risk groups (median level 0.00015 low risk, 0.00275 intermediate risk, 0.008 high risk, p=0.059). RQ-PCR values showed a significant influence on TTF (p=0.037, univariate Cox Regression). Circulating lymphoma cells in diagnostic PB above a threshold of 0.01 corresponded to the time to treatment failure (TTF), patients with a high lymphoma load (>0.01) demonstrated a significant lower TTF (median 2.8 years) compared to patients with levels <=0.01 (median not reached at a median observation time of 27 months, p=0.0396).

MRD quantification after CHOP induction demonstrated a significant reduction of about 2 logs of lymphoma cells (p=0.0021) in PB, but the majority of patients (77%) remained MRD positive. R-CHOP removed lymphoma cells more efficiently (>2 logs) inducing a molecular remission (MR) in 76% (p<0.0001). Achievement of MR after induction tended to correlate with improved PFS (PFS at 2 years MRD+ 53%, MRD neg. 90%, p=0.068).

Conclusions: Quantitative assessment of circulating t(14;18)+ in diagnostic PB as well as after treatment has demonstrated prognostic relevance and can be used as a surrogate marker for clinical outcome of patients with FL. The results provide further evidence for the value of RQ-PCR based MRD assessment and demonstrate that achievement of MR is one of the major goals in the therapy of FL.


Full‐thickness local excision (FTLE) for rectal cancer showing clinical complete remission (cCR) after neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy (NCRT) is associated with good oncological results. The purpose of this study was to report the results of robotic transanal minimally invasive surgery for such patients.


This paper presents a Contact Resistive Random Access Memory (CRRAM) macro with an offset-compensated Sense amplifier for low-voltage operation. The proposed circuit aims to solve the variation and speed issues during low-voltage operations. A 256Kb test-chip was fabricated in TSMC 65nm technology. An improvement of 1.78x in read speed and 85.7% in offset was measured compared to conventional sensing methods, and the minimum operating voltage was as low as 0.3V.


This thesis addresses the problem of reproducing an execution of a concurrent buggy program, in order to ease its debugging. For this, the thesis introduces CoopLEAP, a system that provides fault replication of concurrent programs, based in cooperative recording and partial log combination. CoopLEAP employs a partial recording scheme to reduce the amount of information that a given program instance is required to store in order to support deterministic replay. The use of partial logs allows to substantially reduce the overhead imposed by the instrumented code execution, but raises the problem of finding the combination of logs capable of replaying the fault. This thesis also proposes an heuristic, denoted Similarity-Guided Merge, to perform this search. Third-party benchmarks and a real-world application, used to evaluate the implemented prototype of CoopLEAP, shown that it can not only successfully replay concurrency bugs, but also impose smaller overheads in comparison with other existing solutions.


Jazz is essentially a very American, especially black American invention which probably originated from New Orleans around the beginning of the twentieth century. Jazz, both vocal and instrumental is people's music resulting from the mixture of several cultures, especially African, Latin (or Creole) and Anglo-Saxon. Jazz has influenced all sorts of contemporary music from the popular song to the serious compositions of the so-called civilised world.


This study aims to determine the effect of price and quality on brand image and its implications for purchasing decisions on Modena gas cooktops. This study also examines the indirect effect of price and quality on brand image with purchasing decisions as an intervening variable. The study was conducted in the grand galaxy city residence in Bekasi. The sample in this study is consumers or at least know about Modena products with a purposive sampling method. The number of respondents who participated in this study were 100 respondents. Data collection was done through a questionnaire with a Likert scale of 1-5. The method of analysis uses path analysis using SPSS version 24.0. the results showed that price has a positive and significant effect on brand image, quality has a positive and significant effect on brand image, brand image has a positive and significant influence on purchasing decisions for Modena gas cooktop. Price has a positive and significant influence on purchasing decisions, quality has a positive and significant influence on purchasing decisions. Price and quality simultaneously have a positive and significant influence on brand image. Price and quality of brand image simultaneously have a positive and significant influence on purchasing decision


Boosting in the context of linear regression has gained additional attraction by the invention of least angle regression (LARS), where the connection between the lasso and forward stagewise fitting (boosting) was established. Earlier it has been found that boosting is a functional gradient optimization. Instead of the gradient method, we propose a conjugate direction method to minimize the residual sum of squares as a function of the regression coefficients. The result is a fast forward variable selection algorithm (CDBoost). The addition of shrinkage (small step-sizes) is only possible with an adjustment in form of a restart condition. For infinitesimal shrinkage this leads to an algorithm between forward stagewise fitting (boosting) and least angle regression. In particular, it also employs variable selection. While least angle regression seems to be restricted to linear regression, we can easily generalize our approach to arbitrary learners (fitting methods) like trees or splines, as for boosting. The learner is used to produce vectors of fitted values which can then be linearly fitted by CDBoost. The different methods are compared on simulated and real datasets. CDBoost achieves the best predictions mainly in complicated settings with correlated covariates, where it is difficult to assign how much a covariate contributes to the response. The gain of CDBoost over boosting is especially high in low and mid noise problems.


A new evidence to demonstrate acid-catalytic action of excited 2-naphthol on the ground state reaction is presented for the production of acetals from irradiation of alkanals in alcohols in the presence of 2-naphthol.


Purpose: This study explored the care experience of persons assisting the disabled people with their activities. Methods: Concurrent triangulation mixed methods design was used. The quantitative data on care experience were collected from 370 personal assistants for the disabled persons from May 10 to June 30, 2017, while qualitative data were collected through focus group interviews with 11 personal assistants in August 2017. Results: The participants experienced unfair treatment including requests for doing work for the client's family or unrelated work (35.2%), violence or assault (23.6%), sexual harassment or interest (7.1%), and infection risk (7.1%). Many of them suffered from health problems such as work-related muscular pain, headache, or fatigue. There was low satisfaction with the psychosocial work environment and 16.2% participants experienced depression. The participants' care experience was classified into four categories of " feeling like giving up because of emotional difficulty " , " work overload and tough working condition " , " expectation to improve work confidence through practical skill training " , and " hope for systematic support " . Conclusion: The results suggest that need-based emotional competence building programs are required to prevent their physical and emotional exhaustion among the personal assistants along with strengthening their job capacity. Furthermore, the decision makers need to pay attention to their work environment to ensure their emotional competence.


Social work education thoroughly grounded in contemporary social learning theory would provide a comprehensive approach to understanding human behavior, teaching social work practice, conducting social work research, analyzing and developing social welfare policy, and guiding the field practicum. At present, the role of social learning theory in social work education is grossly underused. This article describes how social learning principles can provide a unifying framework around which schools of social work could organize a theoretically consistent and comprehensive educational program, one strongly supported by empirical research.


The dependence of conductivity-type conversion depth in vacancy-doped Hg1−xCdxTe (MCT) alloys subjected to ion milling on alloy composition and treatment temperature is studied both experimentally and theoretically. It is shown that both in compositionally homogeneous crystals and in samples with a wide bandgap protective layer the dependence is defined by internal electric fields, which affect the diffusion of mercury interstitial atoms that are generated during the treatment. Results of the calculation of the effect of the potentials of a p–n junction formed by ion milling and of a varyband structure field (in samples with the protective layer) on the conversion depth fit both the original experimental data and those taken from the literature well. The data obtained confirms the validity of the diffusion model of the formation of the excessive mercury source in MCT subjected to ion milling, which was proposed by the authors previously. The results presented in the paper allow one to predict and control the conversion depth in MCT subjected to ion milling for p–n junction fabrication, which makes them useful in MCT infrared detector technology.


This paper indicates the main risks connected with virtual currencies and shows what was the New York regulatory response to them. Because some time has passed since the adoption of the appropriate laws, the effect of the regulation could be also assessed. Based on described research, a thesis is put forward that even an onerous regulation of virtual currency in certain jurisdiction shall not kill this financial innovation there. Therefore, states should regulate crypto-assets to attract the industry which currently have a huge potential to growth.


Objective: To study the diagnostic value on craniocerebral disease by vaginal ultrasonic probe in neonates. Methods: The observation included 50 cases neonates of premature infants (A group), 50 cases neonates with suspected cran iocerebral disease (B group) and 50 cases of normal newborns (C group). They were observed by the former fontanelle imaging examination of the characteristics of rain penetration and small high-frequency convex array probe comparison of the performance. Results: The incidence of craniocerebral disease was 48.0% in A group, 24.0% in B group, 4.0% in C group. 63.2% of them were cerebral hemorrhage, 26.3% were hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, 10.5% were intracranial infection. Conclusion: Vaginal ultrasonic probe in the diagnosis of diseases of neonatal brain provides a fast, repeatable and non-invasive methods, and it is also one of the important means for diagnosing neonatal brain disease.


We describe our methods in trying to detect the target of sarcasm as part of ALTA 2019 shared task. We use combination of ensemble of clas- sifiers and a rule-based system. Our team ob- tained a Dice-Sorensen Coefficient score of 0.37150, which placed 2nd in the public leader- board. Despite no team beating the baseline score for the private dataset, we present our findings and also some of the challenges and future improvements which can be used in or- der to tackle the problem.


Performing chemical synthesis with renewable electricity can reduce carbon emissions Curbing carbon emissions while maintaining quality of life is a global challenge for manufacturing processes that will require process innovation. One approach is replacing energy from the burning of carbon-based fuels with energy supplied by "green" electrons. This goal can be achieved in some cases by simply replacing heat supplied by combustion with electrical heating (1). In chemical synthesis, it can also more elegantly supply reaction energy through electrochemistry. On page 1228 of this issue, Leow et al. (2) propose an electrochemical route to ethylene oxide (EO) and propylene oxide (PO) that promises cleaner, more efficient, and more selective processing. Ethylene and propylene were epoxidized electrochemically to EO and PO, respectively, at industrially relevant current densities with Faradaic (electron-specific) selectivities ∼70% to the target epoxide (2).


to measure the scattering of the carbon neutrons as nearly as possible under the same conditions as for his measurement of the scattering of the photo-neutrons (Th C") from deuterium. The insertion of a paraffin scatterer 1.0 cm thick gave a diminution of the neutron intensity to 0.68 +0.05 and 0.59+0.05 in two separate runs, an average of 0.64 ~0.04. A one-half mm Cd shield was interposed between the scatterer and the Pf-B detector during these runs; measurements without the Cd shield gave no significant change (0.68+0.05). Surrounding the carbon target by paraffin to crudely duplicate the effect of Goldhaber's heavy-water photo-neutron source gave a ratio in agreement with the above average within the experimental error. The value I/ID=0. 64, without correcting for the appreciable scattering by the carbon in the paraffin, leads to a cross section of 5.7)&10 "cm'; estimating the carbon correction, the resulting proton-neutron cross section is 4.7)&10 '4 cm' The carbon neutrons produced by a 900-kv beam of deuterons have an energy between 600 kv' and 1200 kv. ' If the deuteron level is taken as +40 kv, Wigner's formula4 predicts 5.4, 4.1, and 3.4&(10 " cm', respectively, for neutron energies of 600, 900, and 1200 kv. If the deuteron level is +130 kv, the values are 4.6, 3.7, and 3.2 )& 10 '4 cm', respectively. Rasetti and others pointed out in discussion that these measurements with the paraffin-boron chamber would yield an erroneous cross section if a hitherto unsuspected group of slower neutrons (10 to 20 kv) accompanies the usual carbon neutrons. To eliminate this possibility we have recently made similar measurements (with rather different geometry) using as the detector a small ionization chamber filled with hydrogen to a pressure of three atmospheres and connected with the linear amplifier. This responds only to recoil protons of energies above roughly 300 kv and eliminates any effects due to slow neutrons. A 1.0-cm Pf-scatterer gave a reduction of intensity to 0.69+0.03, in satisfactory agreement with the earlier measurements. To correct for scattering by the carbon in the paraffin the reduction in intensity produced by a 0.50-cm scatterer of Acheson graphite was measured using the hydrogen-pressure chamber; this result was 0.85 &0.05. Correcting the paraffin-intensity ratios for the carbon scattering, the cross section for the neutron-proton scattering is 3.7)&10 ' cm' These two series of measurements may thus be taken as additional evidence for the correctness of current views regarding the proton-neutron interaction. We are grateful to our colleagues N. P. Heydenburg and R. C. Meyer for help with these experiments.


Stem Case and Key Questions: Patient was a 37 week 3 kg product of a normal pregnancy and delivery. Two hours after birth he was noted to be tachypneic. Chest x-ray revealed cardiomegaly. Over the next 24 hours respiratory symptoms improved but radiographic evidence of cardiomegaly persisted. An echocardiogram demonstrated a dilated right ventricle with possible pulmonary hypertension. On day 3 of life, the patient was transferred to Childrens Hospital.


The spatial distribution of the 158 micron forbidden C II emission in the central 1 kiloparsec of the infrared galaxy M82 is discussed, and the detection of two fine-structure lines of forbidden O I and forbidden O III at 146 and 52 microns is reported. Within 500 pc of the nucleus, the far-infrared emission lines contain about 200 million solar luminosities. The neutral gas in the inner disk is in dense, relatively small clouds, thin filaments, or sheets of very low volume filling factor, associated with a lower density ionized medium of moderately high filling factor. Within 500 pc of the nucleus, about 30 million solar masses is contained in H II regions and 30 million solar masses in photodissociation regions. There is a component of ionized and neutral gas near LSR of roughly 150 km/s centered near the compact radio source 41.9 + 58 and elongated along the minor axis of M82. The gas is especially dense in this region and appears to be associated with X-ray emission and the inner H-alpha filaments. 38 references.


The E-164 experiment at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center is the third in a series investigating plasma wakefield acceleration where the wake is driven by electron bunches. A collaboration between SLAC, UCLA and USC, E-164 has up to 2/spl times/10/sup 10/ electrons at 28.5 GeV in 100 micron long bunches. These bunches enter a 30 cm long Lithium plasma with density of 6/spl times/10/sup 15/ electrons/cm/sup 3/, where the transfer of energy from the head of the bunch to the tail takes place. In addition to acceleration, strong focusing, refraction of the electron beam and "betatron X-ray" production are all investigated. E-164 builds on related prior experiments, and its apparatus has evolved considerably. A third optical transition radiator has been added for real time twiss parameter measurements which include the effects of scattering. The plasma cell is moved to the focus of the final focus test beam facility in order to increase bunch electron density. Spectrometry is extended with an upstream chicane in a dispersive region to produce synchrotron X-rays. Performance of these improvements and status of the experiment are discussed.


Fabrication of integrated active devices is being subject of intense research. In this paper, we present a vertical microcavity fabricated by the aerosol-gel process. It is composed of a half-wave Y/sub 2-x/Er/sub x/Ti/sub 2/O/sub 7/ (YETO) active layer sandwiched between two dielectric Bragg mirrors. These latters are elaborated by alternatively depositing SiO/sub 2/ and TiO/sub 2/quarter-wave layers. Transmission and up-conversion emission spectra of the microcavity and emission spectrum of a single YETO layer is analysed.


This article presents the results from the morpho-lithologicalstudies performed in the hydrographic basin of the stream Lajeado Grande- West of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. For this, we performed adetailed analysis of the conditions of the physical environment, where sixmorpho-lithological units were recognized, characterized and differentiatedbased on the characteristics of the relief, of the rocky substrate and thetypes of soils derived. The units were identified: hills of sandstone, volcanichills, and the sandstone steps in middle rocky slopes, hills of sandstonewith slopes, volcanic hills with slopes and plain of accumulation. All unitswere mapped and represented in morpho-lithological map.


A kinetically based prediction model for the production of organic liquids from the flash pyrolysis of biomass is proposed. Wood or other biomass is assumed to be decomposed according to two parallel reactions yielding liquid tar and ( gas + char) The tar is then assumed to further react by secondary homogeneous reactions to form mainly gas as a product The model provides a very good agreement with the experimental results obtained using a pilot plant fluidized bed pyrolysis reactor The proposed model is shown to be able to predict the organic liquid yield as a function of the operating parameters of the process, within the optimal conditions for maximizing the tar yields, and the reaction rate constants compare reasonably well with those reported in the literature


The web pages which are from different sources of network have different form and style. So it is difficult to obtain optimal model by learning from hybrid training pages. In order to improve the accuracy of information extraction, a new approach based on clustering generalized hidden Markov model was proposed. In this approach, the clustering algorithm was applied to web information extraction. The training pages were segregated into a number of clusters by using simple agglomerative hierarchical K-Means clustering (SAHKC) algorithm, and generalized hidden Markov model was trained out through every cluster. Experiment results shows that the new approach could improve the performance of extraction effectively.


Background: Mitral stenosis is a valvular heart disease characterized by the narrowing of the orifice of the mitral valve of the heart.The treatment of rheumatic mitral stenosis ranges from conservative medical management to CMV,OMV,BMV or mitral valve replacement with prosthetic valve. Methods: The study based on randomized 60 consecutive patients with severe rheumatic mitral stenosis [defined as mitral valve area less than 1 cm2] who were alternately assigned to undergo either CMV or PTMC. Results: Results were reduction in peak transmitral gradients in both the groups along with improvement in mitral valve area and reduction in LA diameter in time. Conclusion: Both closed mitral valvotomy and PTMC are successful means of treatment with a gain in valve area and reduction in transmitral gradient. Though, no mortality was in CMV group, one death was reported in the PTMC group.


The guest editors discuss the highlights of the meeting Seminari Padovani di Analisi Numerica SPAN18 and briefly introduce the papers included in this special issue. 1 Report on the seminars The workshop Seminari Padovani di Analisi Numerica SPAN18 was held on May 3–4 2018 at the Department of Mathematics "Tullio Levi-Civita" of the University of Padova. The main scope of the meeting was to bring together people working on different aspects of numerical analysis, especially young researchers who have been in the Department of Mathematics "Tullio Levi-Civita" as PhD students or collaborating in research projects. Throughout this two-day event many topics in different fields of numerical analysis have been discussed. Among them we mention: discretization of PDEs, RBF interpolation and approximation and numerical linear algebra. We had a total of 21 speakers and overall about 40 participants of which 15 from foreign countries. The complete details of the workshop are available on the website: https://events.math.unipd.it/SPAN2018/. The invited lectures were given by: • M. Farthing (US Army Corps of Engineers; United States), Application of Entropy Viscosity Methods for Shallow Water Flows, • B. Haasdonk (University of Stuttgart; Germany), Greedy Kernel-based Function Approximation by VKOGA: Analysis and Applications, • G. Rozza (SISSA, Trieste; Italy), POD-Galerkin Reduced Basis Methods for Parametric Problems in Computational Fluid Dynamics: State of the Art and Perspectives. 2 Introduction to the special issue During the workshop the speakers were invited to submit contributions for a special volume of the Dolomites Research Notes on Approximation (DRNA). After peer-revision, we are pleased to announce that the following three papers have been included in the volume: • Hopf bifurcation analysis of the fast subsystem of a polynomial phantom burster model, by I.M. Bulai and G. Pedersen. The work deals with mathematical models for the phantom bursting model. The authors analyse equilibrium points and provide numerical simulations. • Recent advancements in preconditioning techniques for large size linear systems suited for High Performance Computing, by A. Franceschini, M. Ferronato, C. Janna and V. Magri. The paper focuses on Algebraic Multigrid preconditioners and develops new algorithms to accelerate the iterative solution of symmetric linear systems. Extensive numerical experiments, devoted to compare different approaches, are also presented. • Interpolation with uncoupled separable matrix-valued kernels, by D. Wittwar, G. Santin and B. Haasdonk. This manuscript considers the problem of approximating vector-valued functions by using matrix-valued reproducing kernels. Theoretical analysis and numerical results show the benefits of the novel approach.


Based on the comprehensive and sequential classification system(CSCS) model and geographic information systems approach,a potential natural vegetation(PNV) type map was simulated,and the remaining PNV with their typical area distribution maps in Gannan were made from a combination of land cover data sets from the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme(IGBP).The monthly and yearly changes of the NDVI(normalized different vegetation index) values in the remaining PNV and their typical areas were analyzed using remote sensing data of MODIS.1) The remaining PNV distribution covers an area of 33 940 km2,accounting for 92.53% of the total land area in Gannan;2) The typical areas are located in parts of Maqu,Luqu,Diebu Counties,and the northern Xiahe County,while the remainder have a scattered distribution in Zhouqu,Zhuoni,and Lintan Counties;3) NDVI values of the seven natural vegetation types showed increasing trends with the maximum NDVI values from July to September.


In this paper we will use a particular non-commutative scheme to, among other things, study the ramification properties of the field of $p$-torsion points on an elliptic curve and its reduction properties. Also, we show that this non-commutative space also allow us to use the $p$-torsion points to ``parametrise'' classes in the $p$-torsion of the Brauer group of the base field.


We report the build-up dynamics of dissipative solitons in a net-normal mode-locked fiber laser via time-stretch dispersive Fourier transform technique. In this report, five distinct transient stages are unveiled in the overall build-up process.


A thermal measurement was provided for the dimension of the large-size forging workpiece in literature.It can achieve the long-distance,on-line and untouched dimension measure of the large-size forging workpiece,so it not only improves the working condition of measure,but also advances the precision of measure greatly.CCD camera is the main sensor in the system,and it needs more times to measure.In this paper,a new mathematical model is provided for CCD picture-processing,and it can calculate the ellipse section dimension of forging workpiece by two times.


AIM: To investigate the transfection of liposome containing pSV2IFN-β and its effects on the induction of apoptosis of human glioma cell line SHG44. METHODS: MTT assay was used to measure the proliferation of SHG44 cells transfected by human interferon-β liposome containing pSV2IFN-β and the IFN-β expression in SHG44 cells was observed by indirect immunofluorescence staining. FCM Annexin was used to detect the apoptotic SHG44 cells after transfection with pSV2IFN-β and the morphological changes of SHG44 cells were detected by electron microscopy. RESULTS: The proliferation of SHG44 was obviously inhibited after transfection of human interferon-β liposome containing pSV2IFN-β and the inhibition rates were 16.7% and 32.7% respectively on d 4 and d 6 after transfection. The results of indirect immunofluorescence staining showed that the IFN-β expressions of SHG44 cells were obvious after transfection and the results of FCM showed that the apoptotic cell rate of the transfection group and control group were 66.8% and 19.8%, respectively. Significant differences were found between the two groups (P0.01). Morphological changes of apoptosis were also found by electron microscopy. CONCLUSION: Human interferon-β gene liposome containing pSV2IFN-β can transfect human glioma cell line SHG44 and significantly induce the apoptosis of cells line SHG44.


Lactoferrin (LF), an iron binding glycoprotein in human milk, is considered important for the nutrition of breast-fed infants. This is because it has been suggested that LF can bind iron in vivo and in vitro, thereby preventing the growth of iron-requiring microorganisms in the intestine, and it is possibily a transport carrier for intestinal iron absorption. In order to investigate further the physiological roles of LF, this protein was isolated from human milk and then biochemical characters and the fluctuation of the protein at different stages of lactation were observed. The crude LF fraction was obtained from the whey of human milk by ammonium sulfate precipitation. Then, it was treated consecutively with CM-Sephadex C-50 ion exchange chromatography, Sephadex G-100 gel filtration, Cu-affinity chromatography and Sephadex G-100 gel filtration to obtain the pure preparation. SDS polyacrylamide electrophoresis indicated a single component having a molecular weight of 78, 000 daltons. The results of amino acid analysis for acid hydrolysate of LF were consistent with those in literature and LF from human milk showed pI 8.02 by isoelectric focusing on the slab gel. LF concentration was measured immunologically in human colostrum and milk, from 1 to 457 days after parturition (146 samples). LF concentration in colostrum (1•`3 days of puerperium, n=51), transitional milk (4•`7 days, n=63) and mature milk (20•`457 days, n=32) were 10.5•}8.1, 4.1•}1.8 and 2.5•}2.2 g/l, respectively. LF concentration was significantly reduced (p<0.02) as the days passed after parturition. As regard to lactoferrin/total protein ratio (If/tp), the mature milk (15.6•}7.5%) decreased significantly less than the colostrum (20.1•}7.4%) or the transitional milk (21.4•}6.0%) (both p<0.02). At each stage of lactation, LF concentration showed a significant correlation to total protein concentration (TP) or If/tp (p<0.01 in every case). Furthermore, through all stages of lactation, LF concentration showed significant correlation to TP and if/tp (p<0.001 in each case) and negative correlation with the days after parturition (p<0.05). These results suggested that the mechanism stimulating the synthesis and secretion of LF is independent of those of total proteins.


an overview of the history of modernist city planning and the role of freeways (with an interesting section on highway engineers), he delves into discussions of women's activism, historical memory, and the use of art to create a sense of place. These last chapters, which span the 1960s to the present, tell a fascinating tale. With several beautiful color plates, Avila shows that white artists in L.A. paint the freeway as an abstract series of lines and shapes, but for artists of color the freeway is seen from street level, suggesting its integration into their communities. The recovery of the history of lost communities has been another activity of people of color. The Rondo Days festival in St. Paul, MN and the planned Overtown Historic Folklife Village in Miami are both projects that seek to excavate communities that once lived in these neighborhoods. While such memory projects are laudable, especially in creating archives of otherwise forgotten material, there is an opportunity here for more analysis. Avila acknowledges that Overtown, might be a "Disneyified version of black history," (114) but does not analyze it further. Will tensions within the black community be discussed or will a nostalgic version of the past be offered in order to get visitors to shop and dine? By connecting these stories of resistance together, Avila demonstrates that the predominately white face of anti-freeway activism belies a more complicated narrative. But in making this point, at times he overstates the implications. As he writes, "the freeway revolt leveled a forceful challenge not just to planned segments of the interstate program, but also to the cultural ideals of progress that accompanied this monumental effort" (19). Activists themselves may not have interpreted their work that way and, as Suleiman Osman has shown in his work on gentrification, activists are often caught between conflicting strands of American political thought. Similarly, Avila mistakenly suggests that historians have ignored class privilege in their discussion of the advent of historical preservation (Stephanie Yuhl's work is exemplary here). Nonetheless, Avila's book is critically important for placing communities of color at the center of the narrative of anti-highway activism. In showing us that culture is affected by political activities like highway construction, he makes a welcome intervention into a historical topic that has often ignored culture and suggests areas for further research. Mary Rizzo Rutgers University–Camden


This article is concerned with the polynomial filtering problem for a class of nonlinear stochastic systems governed by the Itô differential equation. The system under investigation involves polynomial nonlinearities, unknown‐but‐bounded disturbances, and state‐ and disturbance‐dependent noises ((x,d)‐dependent noises for short). By expanding the polynomial nonlinear functions in Taylor series around the state estimate, a new polynomial filter design method is developed with hope to reduce the conservatism of the existing results. In virtue of stochastic analysis and inequality technique, sufficient conditions in terms of parameter‐dependent linear matrix inequalities (PDLMIs) are derived to guarantee that the estimation error system is input‐to‐state stable in probability. Moreover, the desired polynomial matrix can be obtained by solving the PDLMIs via the sum‐of‐squares approach. The effectiveness and applicability of the proposed method are illustrated by two numerical examples with one concerning the permanent magnet synchronous motor.


The purpose of this paper is to address a central question in fiscal federalism whether or not fiscal decentralization implies serious risks for fiscal discipline and macroeconomic management for the nation as a whole. This paper addresses this important issue by drawing upon the existing evidence regarding macro management and fiscal institutions in federal and unitary countries. This is supplemented by cross country regression analysis plus the analysis of two case studies: the Brazilian federation and the unitary regime in China. The main conclusion of the paper is that decentralized fiscal systems offer a greater potential for improved macroeconomic governance than centralized fiscal regimes. This is because the challenges posed by fiscal decentralization are recognized and they shape the design of counter-veiling institutions in federal countries to overcome adverse incentives associated with incomplete contracts or the "common property" resource management problems or with rent seeking behaviors.


Here we report the best artificial metalloenzyme to date for the selective oxidation of aromatic alkenes; it was obtained by noncovalent insertion of MnIII‐meso‐tetrakis(p‐carboxyphenyl)porphyrin [Mn(TpCPP), 1‐Mn] into a host protein, xylanase 10A from Streptomyces lividans (Xln10A). Two metallic complexes—N,N′‐ethylene bis(2‐hydroxybenzylimine)‐5,5′‐dicarboxylic acid MnIII [(Mn‐salen), 2‐Mn] and 1‐Mn—were associated with Xln10A, and the two hybrid biocatalysts were characterised by UV–visible spectroscopy, circular dichroism and molecular modelling. Only the artificial metalloenzyme based on 1‐Mn and Xln10A was studied for its catalytic properties in the oxidation of various substituted styrene derivatives by KHSO5: after optimisation, the 1‐Mn‐Xln10A artificial metalloenzyme was able to catalyse the oxidation of para‐methoxystyrene by KHSO5 with a 16 % yield and the best enantioselectivity (80 % in favour of the R isomer) ever reported for an artificial metalloenzyme.


A quantum neural networks(QNN) method for short-term load forecasting of power system is proposed.Th e models from QNN forecast the short-term load as single model.Th e artificial neural networks(ANN) and non-linear regression forecast are selected to evaluate the credit of forecasting results of the above models,with histo rical forecasting errors and environmental influence.The credit is combined to calculate the weights with Dempster-Shafer(D-S) evidential theory.The final forecasting is obtained by the weighted forecasting.The real experiment shows the accuracy of the method based on D-S evidential theory is improved.


(normal range 0.78-0.94 mmol). Use of 0.50 mmol/1 Mg concentration in the dialysate to treat patients with CAPD seems warranted. Metabolic studies including Mg stools detennination are required to evaluat e the long-tenn effect of such a dialysate on the Mg balance. The risk of a negative Mg balance seems slight because a decrease in Mg serum concentration will favor a Mg uptake from the dialysate.


Abstr Act : The objective of this field trial was to evaluate the body temperature within the interval of 10 days post partum in cows with puerperal metritis, as confirmed by a clinical examination, in comparison with cows without clinical symptoms of this disease. In addition, the body temperature in cows having a purulent and putrid character of lochia was compared. Rectal temperature was measured daily in 92 randomly selected cows. The cows were examined clinically on day 10 ± 3 post partum and were divided according to the character of lochia into Group M1 (purulent lochia, n = 29), Group M2 (putrid lochia, n = 28) and Group C (normal lochia, n = 35). The number of cows with a fever (temperature > 39.0°C or > 39.5°C) at least once during 10 days post partum was higher in Groups M1 and M2 compared to Group C (86.2% and 92.9% vs. 54.3%, P 39.5°C in Group M2 in comparison with Group M1 (P 39.0°C for three days or > 39.5°C for two days in Group M2 compared to Group C (42.9% vs. 8.6%, P 39.0°C in cows with puerperal metritis; risk period for fever from Day 3 to Day 7 post partum; higher incidence of fever in cows with putrid lochia compared to cows with purulent lochia; body temperature > 39.5°C being a more accurate indicator of puerperal metritis than temperature > 39.0°C. Despite that, the occurrence of fever was irregular. In conclusion, measurement of body temperature does not represent a sufficiently accurate diagnostic method for puerperal metritis although it may be considered a useful indicator for assessment of the severity of the disease.


In this research, a method was used to increase the brittleness of unsaturated polyester polymer by mixing it with vinyl ester. The choice of vinyl ester to increase the toughness of this polyester is because it is easy to form and this material has wide applications in engineering. However, this polyester has several weaknesses, namely, it is very stiff, brittle, and unable to withstand cracking loads and breaks easily due to impact. Polyester has a rigid nature because this material has cross-chain links of material that are tightly locked and interconnected with each other. With the addition of this vinyl ester, this tightly connected rigid chain is disrupted by the vinyl ester chain, thereby increasing the toughness of the polyester. Steps were taken to increase the crack resistance of unsaturated polyesters with the addition of vinyl esters, starting with the percentages of 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% and comparing them with pure polyester. The results obtained showed that the crack resistance of polyester increased with the addition of 40% wt vinyl ester. The results show that the highest fracture toughness value is indicated by the value of the stress intensity factor of K1c=1.752 MPa.m0.5.


We show that there are uncountably many different growth types for the subgroup growth of pro-p groups, thus, answering one of the main open problems in the theory of subgroup growth. As a by product we show that a class of pro-p branch groups including the Grigorchuk group and the Gupta-Sidki groups have all subgroup growth type n.


Non-invasive techniques have revolutionized the treatment of ureteral stones. We report the success rate and the complication rate of ureteral calculosis treatment with ureterorenoscopy. From November 1990 to April 1994 we have treated 121 patients with URS. In all cases we have used a 12.5 F. "Wolf" rigid ureteroscope. 85 patients (70.2%) were treated with ultrasonic lithotripsy; 36 (29.7%) with a Dormia basket; and in 16 cases a combined treatment of both procedures was employed. Complete stone removal was obtained in 96 patients (79.3%) but six of these required further endoscopic treatment. The complication rate was 7.4 per cent (9 patients) and two patients (1.6%) needed open surgery. In our experience ureteroscopy is a good approach to the treatment of ureteral stones.


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