Mental distress is prevalent among cancer patients. Many measurements have been developed to screen and evaluate such distress. About one-third of the persons with cancer will experience significant levels of distress, requiring targeted psychosocial intervention. Mental distress has been endorsed as the sixth vital sign by the International Psycho-Oncology Society (IPOS) in 2009. The need for effective screening and psychological interventions is well recognized as a necessary, integral part of oncology care. This systematic review examines the psychometric properties of the existing tools used to screen patients for emotional distress and the applicable intervention methods.


The objectives of this research are: to know how big influence on motivation to learn humanistic counseling on subjects Biology class X grade students of SMAN 1 Lingsar, West Lombok in the academic year 2016/2017. This type of research, experimental method with quantitative approach. The data collection technique is a method of inquiry as the principal methods and methods of documentation, observation and interviewing methods/ interview as a complementary method. The statistical analysis used in this research is using t-test formula. Based on the discussion can be concluded that: there is the influence of humanistic counseling on motivation to learn in the subjects of biology class X grade students of SMAN 1 Lingsar, West Lombok in the academic year 2016/2017. It can be seen from the results of the study are: t value of 4,131dan t table value at significance level of 5% with N = 7, is greater than the value t table (4.131> 2.365) so that there is a relationship that is "significant" between counseling humanistic motivation to learn in the subjects of biology class X grade students of SMAN 1 Lingsar, West Lombok in the academic year 2016/2017.


Production photograph from Abilene Christian College's 1968 Homecoming musical, "Oklahoma!" Phil Jarosz (Ali Hakim) kneels down with his hands on the ankle of Vickie Winner (Aunt Eller). Mollie Burton (Ado Annie) stands behind them, and Tyleen Gregson (Laurey) stands to the left.


Rotifers, used in aquaculture as feed for early larval stages, are poor in carotenoids compared with copepods, the natural most common prey item of marine fish larvae. A minimal sufficient level of carotenoids in fish larvae may be essential for a correct development. The freshwater microalga Muriellopsis sp. has been identified as a potential source of the carotenoid lutein with possible application in aquaculture. Lutein is a potent antioxidant, with potentially beneficial effects as a carotenoid for fish larvae. This study describes the lutein enrichment of the rotifer Brachionus sp. when incubated with homogeneously dispersed suspensions of freeze-dried, lutein-rich Muriellopsis sp. in seawater. A short enrichment time (2 or 2.5 h) resulted in a higher lutein content of the rotifers than a long enrichment time (13.5 or 24 h). Although the concentration of lutein in enriched rotifers, 0.06–0.16 mg (g dry weight) 1 was low compared with its content in Muriellopsis sp. [about 3 mg (g dry weight) 1 ], it was in the range reported for natural copepod populations. Therefore, we conclude that freeze-dried biomass of Muriellopsis sp. can be used to enrich rotifers with lutein, providing an adequate level of this carotenoid for marine fish larvae.


24 To manage emerging forest diseases and prevent their occurrence in the future, it is essential 25 to determine the origin(s) of the pathogens involved and identify the management practices 26 that have ultimately caused disease problems. One such practice is the widespread planting of 27 exotic tree species within the range of related native taxa. This can lead to emerging forest 28 disease both by facilitating introduction of exotic pathogens, and by providing susceptible 29 hosts on which epidemics of native pathogens can develop. We used microsatellite markers to 30 determine the origins of the pathogen Dothistroma septosporum responsible for the current 31 outbreak of Dothistroma needle blight (DNB) on native Caledonian Scots pine (Pinus 32 sylvestris) populations in Scotland, and evaluated the role played by widespread planting of 33 two exotic pine species in the development of the disease outbreak. We distinguished three 34 races of D. septosporum in Scotland, one of low genetic diversity associated with introduced 35 lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), one of high diversity probably derived from the DNB 36 epidemic on introduced Corsican pine (Pinus nigra subsp. laricio) in England, and a third of 37 intermediate diversity apparently endemic on Caledonian Scots pine. These races differed for 38 both growth rate and exudate production in culture. Planting of exotic pine stands in the UK 39 appears to have facilitated the introduction of two exotic races of D. septosporum into 40 Scotland which now pose a threat to native Caledonian pines both directly and through 41 potential hybridisation and introgression with the endemic race. Our results indicate that both 42 removal of exotic species from the vicinity of Caledonian pine populations, and restriction of 43 movement of planting material are required to minimise the impact of the current DNB 44 outbreak. They also demonstrate that planting exotic species that are related to native species 45 reduces rather than enhances the resilience of forests to pathogens. 46


With the advent of the information society in recent years, ideas are becoming more and more valuable, and divergent thinking is becoming more and more important. Although there are methods to present visual stimuli to improve divergent thinking, these methods mainly present visual stimuli to the central visual field. The purpose of this study is to test hypotheses about changes in the number and variety of divergent thinking ideas under conditions in which visual stimuli, called geometric Figure animations, are presented in the peripheral visual field. The evaluation experiment was conducted with the participation of 32 university students. We asked them to perform the Alternative Uses Test (AUT) under two conditions: presenting and non-presenting geometric Figure animations in the peripheral visual field. The performance of divergent thinking was evaluated by measuring the number of responses, fluency, and flexibility of the AUT. The scores were standardized because the AUT differed in difficulty depending on each AUT topic. The results showed that all scores were higher in the presenting condition than in the non-presenting condition, and the effect size of the mean difference in flexibility was moderate. On the other hand, according to the results of the questionnaire, most of the participants did not feel that the geometric Figure animations provided any cues for divergent thinking. This suggests that the flexibility of divergent thinking might be improved unconsciously by geometric Figure animations presented in the peripheral visual field.


Let G be a locally compact group with a fixed left Haar measure. Given Young functions φ and ψ, we consider the Orlicz spaces L(G) and L(G) on a nonunimodular group G, and, among other things, we prove that under mild conditions on φ and ψ, the set {(f, g) ∈ L(G) × L(G) : f ∗ g is well defined on G} is σ-c-lower porous in L(G)×L(G). This answers a question raised by Głąb and Strobin in 2010 in a more general setting of Orlicz spaces. We also prove a similar result for non-compact locally compact groups. 1. Preliminaries and background. Throughout this paper,G denotes a locally compact group with a fixed left Haar measure λ. Also, let L0(G) denote the set of all equivalence classes of λ-measurable complex-valued functions on G. For measurable functions f and g on G, the convolution


As an active relation of the government towards the trafficsystem the traffic policy represents a correction measure of marketregulation of the relations within the traffic system and therelation of the traffic system with the environment due to theimperfection of the traffic market. Consistent traffic policy, aspart of the economic policy, assumes a clear definition of thetraffic policy goals, measures, and instruments as well as taskmanagers to realise the set goals. These are the preconditionsfor successful implementation of the traffic policy.


From the point of view of Landscape Archaeology we try to show the genealogy and development of a cultural landscape in a galician little village.
Our research definies several spatial patterns built by the different societies which inhabited the area of San Pedro de Cereixa from the Recent Prehistory to nowdays.
In the second part of our research we get inside the mental universe of the traditional peasant community who endowed this landscape with sense.
This cosmovision is not a static model but a cultural product of a historical process that embraces a mixture of continuities and ruptures, popular believes and the imposition of a official religion and a civilization of customs by the Church


Prognostic factors for patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who have been treated with neoadjuvant therapy have not been fully assessed. The purpose of this study was to analyze prognostic biomarkers in NSCLC after treatment with neoadjuvant therapy, with special reference to the immunophenotypes of both the cancer cells and stromal cells. A total of 52 patients with NSCLC who were treated with neoadjuvant therapy followed by complete resection were included. We examined the expressions of nine markers in the cancer cells and stromal cells. The 5‐year disease‐free survival rate of patients with high aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) expression levels in their cancer cells was significantly lower than those with a low ALDH1 level (47.3% vs. 21.5%, respectively; P = 0.023). The other molecules expressed in cancer cells did not exhibit any prognostic value. In NSCLC without neoadjuvant therapy (case control, n = 104), expression of ALDH1 in cancer cells was not correlated with prognosis (P = 0.507). A multivariate analysis identified ALDH1 expression in cancer cells as significantly independent prognostic factors for disease‐free survival (P = 0.045). The current study indicated that the immunophenotypes of ALDH1 in cancer cells could have prognostic value for patients with NSCLC who are treated with neoadjuvant therapy.


Formation of hydroxy-cyclohexadienyl (HCHD), the product of the OH + benzene reaction, has been observed directly in the gas phase at 298 K using long-path cw-UV-laser absorption at 308 nm. The absorption cross section at this wavelength is found to be (9.2 ± 2) · 10−18 cm2. The use of this technique to study directly the subsequent oxidation of HCHD by O2 is emphasized.


Objective To summarize the experience of diagnosis in silicosis. Method This retrospective study included 1,150 people with physical examinations. All of them had chest x-rays met standard requirement. Five people had CT scans. According to GBZ70-200 standard method, diagnosis by a group of professional people was employed and standard chest x-rays of silicosis were used for comparison..Result 185 people with silicosis were diagnosed. Among them, 125 with silicosis at stage Ⅰ, 51 at stage Ⅱ, and 9 at stage Ⅲ were determined. 42 people were diagnosed as 0~+. Conclusion The key points of diagnosing silicosis are: 1.Chest x-ray with good quality met standard requirement; 2. Diagnosis by a group of professional people; 3.Standard chest x-rays for references. It is also helpful for differential diagnosis with CTHRCT, MRI or other examinations.


In Christopher Looby's scintillating collection of short stories, we are — to recall a seminal debate between the canon makers — confronted with an archive far closer to the whispering, transgressive American literary history of Leslie Fiedler (1960) than to the blaring, jingoistic one sketched in Richard Chase's account (1957). Yet, unlike the more obliquely homoerotic texts "outed" by Fiedler, most of the fictions collated in Looby's collection are not the anamorphic artifacts at which one needs to squint in order to see sexual or other kinds of deviance. Indeed, the fluorescent queerness of several of these stories will likely provoke many to ask, "Was this really published in nineteenthcentury America?" In many of the stories, we encounter ample testament to the fact that the nineteenth century was far less "Victorian" than we are accustomed to thinking, far less normative than our crudely progressive chartings of modernity often suggest. I admire Looby's volume immensely and am convinced that it ought to have a significant impact on both queer literature and American literature syllabi across the globe. It is hard not to marvel at the range of queer stories Looby has collected here. Almost all somehow trouble the nineteenth century's foundational ideas about gender and domesticity, including its thoroughgoing support for the nuclear family and its separatespheres ideology. For example, a number of the stories are propelled by their characters' preoccupation with proscribed love objects (including Herman Melville's "I and My Chimney"). Several stories feature unconventional "couples" who resist pervasive pressures to conform to the nuclearfamily


The aim of this essay is to present, very succinctly, the evolution of the theoretical framework of the firm in relation to agency theory and its tensions due to the separation of control by shareholders. In addition, there will be a tour of the main works that linked the problem of the principal-agent, to the existence of a paradigm to deal with the problem of managerial remuneration for option plans.


The aerodynamic drag of a sedan vehicles is due to separation of flow near the vehicle's rear end is one of the major causes. To delay flow separation, bump-shaped vortex generators are tested on the roof end. Commonly used on aircraft to prevent flow separation, vortex generators themselves create drag, but they also reduce drag by preventing flow separation at downstream. The overall effect of vortex generators can be calculated by sum of the positive and negative effects. Since this effect depends on the shape and size of vortex generators, those on the vehicle roof are optimized .This study presents the optimisation of various aerodynamic characteristics in a Sedan car using computational tools such as CFX and also by using experimental testing using scaled models in the wind tunnel.


This paper uses mixed methods to examine the impact of New Public Management (NPM) on public sector nurses' perceptions of workplace autonomy and, in turn, their job satisfaction. The quantitative findings of this study suggest that nurses' perception of autonomy does moderate their job satisfaction. The qualitative findings suggest that the implementation of NPM has negatively affected nurses' experiences of autonomy and job satisfaction. The impact of NPM has increased the number of patients public hospitals are able to process, however, the same policies have negatively impacted on nurses' work experience. The findings have implication for governments in their quest to achieve both efficiency and effectiveness.


This study aimed to reveal the process of learning as an implementation of the Arabic language curriculum based on learning outcomes in two Arabic education study programs at Mataram State Islamic University and Muhammadiyah University Mataram. This research used a qualitative approach descriptive types with multi-site studies. The research findings unveiled that the process of implementation the Arabic language curriculum based on learning outcomes that refers to the Indonesian Qualification Framework (IQF) combined two approaches, namely student-centered learning (STL) and teacher-centered learning (TCL) by varying the use of learning methods in achieving learning outcomes set in the Semester Learning Plan. In addition, the lecturers apply the SCL approach more than the TCL.


This paper argues that Pakistan is a praetorian democracy because the military allows multiparty elections to determine who will staff the formal machinery of government, while reserving for itself control over key domains of power. Not only is the military not subordinate to civilian rule but also the elected government operates within circumscribed boundaries. Mechanisms, constitutional and other, exist for removing the elected government when it exceeds its authority—a judgment the military reserves for itself. In contradistinction to liberal democracy, Larry Diamond describes this type of democracy as illiberal. In Diamond's conception of democracy as developmental, illiberal democracies could be the basis for further democratic consolidation. Indeed, some countries, such as Turkey, have followed that path. It is, however, the contention in this paper that praetorian democracy as practiced by Pakistan is not a transitional phase in democracy consolidation, but an end-state. Furthermore, its durability makes it attractive to other countries which have experienced intermittent or prolonged military interventions.


Electric lighting is widely used all over the world and lighting energy use has become one of the major uses of energy in many countries. The application of energy efficiency measures can re duce energy consumption of this kind. The Euro pean Commission's directive for energy perfor mance of buildings aims to promote the improve ment of the energy efficiency of buildings by imposing new energy performance requirements. These requirements include a calculation proce dure and performance limits. This paper presents the calculation of lighting energy use in a building, «Valotalo», at Helsinki University of Technology, together with the measurements of electricity use for lighting. The purpose is to check the reliability and accuracy of the calculation method by com paring it with measured data and to discuss the dif ferent parameters used for the calculation.


The present invention, (i) as master mold surface containing shape facing the silicone resin substrate is cured, overlaying a master mold and the silicone resin thermoset substrate; (ii) the species applying pressure to but lower than the type of softening product under pressure (i) at a temperature slightly higher than the Tg of the silicone resin; the product of (iii) (ii) is cooled, and it maintains the pressure on the mold; and (iv) is peeled off the substrate, thus the shape to be engraved on the silicone resin substrate; containing, cured silicone resin thermoset the substrate on how engrave pattern on the substrate from the embossing to seed type. Cured silicone resin thermoset substrate is to provide an organic thermoplastic plastics more advantages in hot embossing lithography by offering a very smooth surface, in duplicate in the region of the micrometer and nanometer high promote fidelity is not required release agent for the release.


A smart city is completed due to a virtuous cycle of urban structure that produces data and efficiently utilizes generated data to induce citizen participation and lead collaboration to improve the quality of life. The public space of a city is a basic element that composes the city and is a space where various activities and social participation of citizens occur. Due to the recent COVID-19, a change in perception and role of public space is required.
The purpose of this study is to theoretically consider public space and placeness, analyze public space restructuring projects in major cities around the world, and present the placeness of smart city public space in the post-COVID-19 era.
Flexibility, eco-friendliness, and sustainability are very important for smart city public spaces in the post-COVID-19 era. Data visualization, which means data sharing and visualization, is decreasing, while Data integration, which means data collection and utilization, has become more important. On the other hand, the morphological symbolism, which was a major historical characteristic of public space, decreased and the meaning as a space for exchange increased. Finally, the most important place identity of smart city public space can be said to be citizen participation.


The synthetic fibers are increasingly expressively being replaced by natural lignocellulosic fibers. This replacement is related to the concern to obtain materials that are more environmentally friendly and because they show economic advantages. In addition, natural fibers tend to have interfacial characteristics with polymer matrices that favor an absorption of energy by the formed structure. Since the composites reinforced by natural fibers received polymer matrices mostly epoxy and polyester, a comparison of the performance regarding the flexural strength of these composites with the two matrices in question was established, with the incorporation of 0, 10, 20 and 30% of hemp fibers. Plates with polyester and epoxy resins with these percentages of incorporated fibers were made in metal matrix and then cut to obtain test pieces with dimensions according to ASTM 790-02. The test specimens were tested on an Instron 552 and, with the results obtained, it was possible to observe the best performance of the epoxy matrix, whereas for the polymer matrix composite, the reinforcement with hemp fibers was not efficient. which may have a direct influence on the interface characteristics and the nature of the phases forming the composite hydrophobic polymer matrix and hydrophilic hemp fibers


This article introduces the Mass Energy Releases (MER) analyses codes MEDUSE, PERSEE, REFLET and THEMIS including the main physical models. The MER calculations of Qinshan PhaseⅡ Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) are performed by MEDUSE, PERSEE and REFLET codes for Large-break Loss of Coolant Accidents (LOCA) and THEMIS code for Main Steam Line Break (MSLB) accidents. The calculating results show that the MSLB accident is the most serious condition for MER.


Using novel hand-collected data on corporate bond and stock offerings, we identify the impact of government debt on corporate financing during World War I. We focus on the war period, since the state of the economy, the method of corporate security offerings, and the unconventional financing strategy of the U.S. government provide a convenient empirical setting to identify the causal impact. In particular, we measure the effect by comparing the unsold amounts of new security offerings during the months that government bonds flooded the markets with remaining months in the same year. Using this setting, we find that long-term government bond offerings negatively affected long-term corporate bonds with maturities longer than five years and common stocks. Moreover, the negative effect was stronger for high-rated corporate bonds and corporate stocks paying stable dividends. Our findings are consistent with the theoretical predictions of Friedman (1978) and Greenwood et al. (2010), who stress the role of segmented financial markets and argue that the negative impact should be stronger for corporate securities most similar to government bonds in terms of maturity, risk, and payment schedule. JEL Classification: E44, G20, N42


[Objective]To investigate the cause precautionary measures and treatment countermeasure of impingement syndrome of the anterior ankle.[Method]From june 2000 to December 2004,18 cases of acute raumatic extravasated blood of the ankle without fracture and disbocating,20 cases of pain in front side and front inboard and front outside with dorsiflexion ache and dysfunction,all the cases were examined and treated under the arthroscope.The effect was analyzed.[Result]Follow-up lasted 6~52 months(mean 28 months).In all the 38 cases there were"excellent"outcomes in 17 cases"good"in 19 cases,"fair" in 0 case,and"poor" in 0 case in the acute traumatic extravasated blood of the ankle group.Impringement syndrome of the anterior ankle group:"excellent" in 15 cases"good" in 3 cases"fair"in 2 cases"poor"in 0 case.[Conclusion]Arthrotrauma and degranding are two reasons of the impingement syndrome of the anterior ankle,the initial stage arthroscope examination and treatment of the acute traumatic extravasated blood of the ankle without fracture and disbocating is the best active method to prevent the impingement syndrome of the anterior anlke,the clearing operation under the arthroscope is the best mininmally invasive treatment countermeasure for the impingement syndrome of the anterior ankle.


Background: Health problems in the geriatric age group are an important component of any healthcare delivery system. Age related changes in immune system and degenerative phenomenon renders the people in this age group susceptible to a variety of infections, neoplasms and other disabilities. Aim: To find out the morbidity pattern among geriatric population. Objective of this study: To identify the morbidity pattern and compare the results at international level (references) to disease burden among the geriatric population. Materials and methods: A retrospective study was conducted amongst admitted cases from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2014 at Fortis Memorial Research Institute (FMRI). Morbidity and mortality were assessed by history taking, clinical examination, and by reviewing the past records of the patients from medical record section. Results: The total number of elderly patients ≥ 65 years were 3125. Out of the total cases, 1808 (57.9%) were males and 1317 (42.1%) were females. The leading causes of morbidity in males were chronic Ischaemic Heart Disease (7.6%) followed by Hypertension (7.1%), Lung Cancer (4.5%), Diabetes Mellitus (2.9%) and senile Cataract (2.8%). In females, leading causes of morbidity were Breast Cancer (8.4%) followed by hypertension (7.4%), Cancer of Ovary (5.0%), Gonarthrosis (4.0%) and senile Cataract (3.7%). A statistically significant association was found between males and females. Conclusion: The study revealed that elderly were suffering from many chronic disorders. Such common comorbidities need preventive, curative and rehabilitative services. Hence, this data will enhance understanding of the health status of the elderly and morbidity pattern and it will help to prepare appropriate intervention strategies.


The aim of the paper is to propose a new description of extraction in plain TAG. Contrary to Kroch 1987's analysis, our description is based on the fact that the power of a relative clause to adjoin on a noun can be attached to the wh-word rather than to a verb. This analysis solves m problems of the previous analysis, notably by giving the right semantic dependency in case of pied-piping. We are thankful to our two reviewers for many valuable comments. Introduction The only description of extractions in TAG we know has been developed by Kroch & Joshi (1986), Kroch (1987) and implemented in the developed grammars of English (XTAG 1995) and French (Abeillé 1991, Candito 1999). This implementation solves the unboundedness of extractions with predicative adjoining, but the pied-piping is solved using a special feature. We think that this solution of pied-piping is not absolutely convenient, because some edge of the derivation tree cannot be interpreted as semantic dependency (Candito & Kahane 1998). Our assumption is based on the fact that a TAG derivation tree can be interpreted as a semantic graph, that is a predicate-argument structure. Moreover this implementation fails to de cribe some cases of extraction, such as some French dont-relatives. We propose a new description of extraction in TAG which solve most of these problems. Nevertheless, our study must rather be appreciated as an investigation of the limits of the TAG formalism, because we think that TAG is not the most appropriate framework for the implementation of our description of extractions. The same analysis is more suitably implemented in GAG/DTG (Candito & Kahane 1998). 1. Semantic dependencies The meaning of a sentence comes from the combination of the meaning of the lexical units of the sentence. A lexical meaning or semanteme can be considered as a semantic functor or predicate. For instance, consider: (1) Peter often saw black cats. In (1), the meaning 'see' is a binary functor whose argument are 'Peter' and 'cat', whereas 'often' and 'black' are unary functors with respectively 'see' and 'cat' as arguments. This predicateargument structure can be represented by a graph (Fig. 1), called a semantic graph (Zolkovski & Mel'çuk 1967, Mel'çuk 1988). An edge of such a graph is called a semantic dependency. The two extremities of a semantic dependency are called the semantic governor and the semantic argument. A semantic graph can be converted into a logical formula by reification : for each semanteme a variable is introduced as first argument of the predicate; this variable is used by other predicates pointing on it in the semantic graph. The semantic graph of Fig. 1 is thus converted in the formula: 'Peter'(x) & 'cat'(y) & 'black'(p,y) & 'see'(e,x,y) & 'often'(q,e) 116 Sylvain Kahane, Marie-Hélène Candito, Yannick de Kercadio


In order to maintain many-face of urban wetland,the research object of this paper is the wetland in Longfeng District of Daqing.The paper analyzes theories and examples from two aspects-natural environment and anthropogenic factor to summarize some methods to give the expression to the regional characters of urban wetland.


Unknown cyber-attacks have appeared constantly. Several anomaly detection techniques based on semi-supervised learning have been proposed to detect these unknown cyber-attacks. Among them, the Denoising Auto-Encoder (DAE) scheme performs better than others in accuracy but is not good enough in precision. This paper proposes a novel two-stage deep learning structure for network flow anomaly detection by combining the models of Gate Recurrent Unit (GRU) and DAE. By using supervised anomaly detection with a selection mechanism to assist semi-supervised anomaly detection, the precision and accuracy of the anomaly detection system are improved. In the proposed structure, we first use the GRU model to analyze the network flow and then take the outcome from the Softmax function as a confidence score. When the score is more than or equal to the predefined confidence threshold, the GRU model outputs the flow as a positive result, no matter the flow is classified as normal or abnormal. When the score is less than the confidence threshold, GRU model outputs the flow as a negative result and passes the flow to DAE model for flow classification. DAE then determines a reconstruction error threshold by learning the pattern of normal flows. Accordingly, the flow is normal or abnormal depending on whether it is under or over the reconstruction error threshold. A comparative experiment is performed using NSL-KDD dataset as benchmark. The results revealed that the precision using the proposed scheme is 0.83% better than DAE. The accuracy using the proposed approach is 90.21%, which is better than Random Forest, Naïve Bayes, One-Dimensional Convolutional Neural Network, two-stage Auto-Encoder, etc. In addition, the proposed approach is also applied to the environment of software defined network (SDN). By adopting our approach in SDN environment, the precision and F-measure are significantly improved.


The invention discloses a continuous steam recompression evaporation system using flash steam waves, belongs to the technical field of hot-method evaporation. Specifically, a flash steam wave pressure booster is introduced, steam recompression is completed by using flash steam waves by using the pressure boosting characteristics of flash steam waves of saturated water with pressure, two combination systems of steam recompression by using flash steam waves and pressure boosting/steam thermal compression of the flash steam waves are achieved, tail-effect secondary steam is fed into a flash steam wave booster and is subjected to recompression, after the energy grade is increased, the tail-effect secondary steam is fed into a primary-effect evaporator to be used as a driving heat source, the generated secondary steam is separated in a gas-liquid separation module, and is further used as a lower-effect heat source for continuous evaporation, and a stock solution is pumped out of the device after being concentrated to be saturated in concentration in the evaporators. By adopting the continuous steam recompression evaporation system, the compression process that gas phase compression of steam is converted to liquid phase compression is achieved, the efficiency is remarkably improved, the difficulty that a steam compressor is hard to design and manufacture is solved, and the pressure boosting efficiency is relatively high when being compared with that of a steam ejector.


Siliciclastic sedimentary rocks derived from the southern Lhasa terrane, sitting depositionally upon rocks of the northern Indian passive continental margin, provide an estimate of the age of initial contact between the continental parts of the Indian and Asian plates. We report sedimentological, sedimentary petrological, and geochronological data from Upper Cretaceous‐Paleocene strata in the Sangdanlin section, located along the southern flank of the Indus‐Yarlung suture zone in southern Tibet. This is probably the most proximal, and therefore the oldest, record of the India‐Asia collision. These strata were deposited by high‐density turbidity currents (or concentrated density flows) and suspension settling of pelagic biogenic debris in a deep‐marine setting. An abrupt change from quartz‐arenitic to feldspatholithic sandstone compositions marks the transition from Indian to Asian sediment provenance. The abrupt compositional change is accompanied by changes in U‐Pb ages of detrital zircons diagnostic of a sediment provenance reversal, from Indian to Asian sources. The timing of the transition is bracketed between ~60 Ma and 58.5 ± 0.6 Ma by detrital zircon U‐Pb ages and zircon U‐Pb ages from a tuffaceous bed in the upper part of the section. In the context of a palinspastically restored regional paleogeographic framework, data from the Sangdanlin section combined with previously published data from the northern Tethyan Himalaya and the frontal Nepalese Lesser Himalaya and Subhimalaya suggest that a flexural wave migrated ~1300 km southward across what is now the Himalayan thrust belt from Paleocene time to the present.


Introduction An ageadjusted D-dimer cut-off has been recently purposed in order to increase D-dimer test usefulness in old patients suspected of pulmonary embolism (PE). We analyzed performances of the age-adjusted D-dimer cut-off in a large cohort population issuing from Europe and North America with differences in PE prevalence and by using different D-dimer assays. Methods Retrospective analysis of merged database of 3 prospectively collected databases (2 European, 1 American) of patients suspected of PE. Patients with quantitative D-dimer test were included. Performance of D-dimer test for ruling out PE was assessed by calculating negative likelihood ratio (nLR) for D-dimer test with age-adjusted D-dimer cut-off value (< age × 10 in patients aged over 50 years) and with conventional cut-off value (< 500μg/dl). Results Among 4537 patients included, overall PE prevalence was 9.9% (5.1% in U.S. and 20.4% in Europe). In overall population, the nLR was 0.06 [95% CI: 0.03-0.09] with conventional cut-off and 0.08 [0.06 -0.13] with age-adjusted cut-off. Using age-adjusted cut-off, nLR was 0.12 in U.S. and 0.07 in Europe; 0.09, 0.09 and 0.06 for Vidas®, Liatest® and MDA® assays, respectively. Conclusions Our study shows that age-adjusted D-dimer (< age × 10) had low negative likelihood ratio and might be used as a rule out PE strategy in non-high pre-test clinical probability patients; as well in Europe as in U.S., and using Vidas®, Liatest® or MDA® assays. A large prospective study is required to confirm these results.


Herbicides derived from 2 Formula :, wherein R, R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are defined in the description. The compounds are intended for use WEEDS OR WEED AGAINST dicots and monocots, by application before and / or after emergencies.


A characteristic feature of the postwar period has been the rapid development of so-called Sovietology. Its representatives proclaim the creation of their own (bourgeois, of course) science on socialist society in the USSR and in other socialist countries. A considerable number of them are economists who claim to have elaborated a theory on the "Soviet-type socialist economy." Sovietologist-economists are publishing a large number of works on specific problems in a socialist economy.


Image segmentation is important for target identification, watershed segmentation algorithm is widely used in image segmentation. In view of the over segmentation and sensitivity to noise problems of watershed segmentation algorithm, a image segmentation algorithm was proposed based on improved watershed algorithm. Firstly K-means clustering algorithm was used for the initial clustering segmentation, and then the watershed algorithm was used in image segmentation. The experimental results shows that the proposed algorithm has effect on solving the over-segmentation problem of watershed algorithm, And the image target is effectively segmented.


This paper explores positive-negative experiences (Hopeametsä 2008; Montola 2010) and transgressive realism (Bjørkelo 2019) through discomfort experienced in a liveaction role-playing game about asylum seekers. Asylsøkjarane (The Asylum Seekers) was designed to create an uncomfortable, but meaningful experience for the participants who play asylum seekers and police officers who interview them. Discomfort is creating through stressful social and physical conditions which seek not to simulate, but stand in for the stress experienced in the real world process. In the debrief following the two playthroughs the players describe their discomfort and how it relates to real world issues, which we relate to the concept of play-external seriousness (Jørgensen 2014).


Diastolic dysfunction and associated heart failure are felt to be the primary aetiology for dyspnoea, as well as the cause of heightened mortality risk in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Impaired left ventricular (LV) diastolic function appears early in the course of heart failure, though at its outset the myocardial relaxation might be normal in the resting state. In those patients without overt clinical indicators of congestion, an objective evidence of elevated LV filling pressures (LVFPs) is required. As the process of myocardial remodelling starts before the onset of symptoms, recent heart failure guidelines place special emphasis on the detection of subclinical LV diastolic dysfunction. A diastolic stress echocardiography (DiSE) can reproduce objective evidence of abnormal relaxation in those dyspnoeic patients with HFpEF. In the situation of an abnormally reduced myocardial relaxation under stress, a reduced diastolic filling period with abnormalities of atrial contraction compromise LV filling substantially, causing a significant increase in left atrial and LV diastolic pressures (hence, decreased diastolic reserve). We aim to emphasize the detection of subclinical LV diastolic dysfunction utilizing DiSE in timely identification of the markers responsible for progression of patients to symptomatic heart failure. It is important to note that elevated LVFP is a cardinal feature of HFpEF in which left atrial pressure is increased, leading to an increase in mitral E velocity, and consequently to an increase in the pulmonary artery pressure, whereas annular e0 velocity remains reduced given the limited preload effect on e0. The ratio of transmitral E to mitral annular e0 velocities (E/e0) is a sensitive measurement of LVFP and has been endorsed as a surrogate parameter to invasive LVFP in the diagnostic work-up of HFpEF. A patient reporting dyspnoea in the setting of a normal systolic pulmonary artery pressure, a negative stress test and normal resting diastolic function often presents a clinical enigma. We propose a ramped exercise protocol on a semisupine bicycle, starting at 25W. Measurements during submaximal, peak and recovery stages should include changes from baseline of indirect echocardiographic indices of LV diastolic pressure and wall motion scoring. The indications for DiSE are presented in Figure 1. The eligibility criteria are suspected HFpEF with ejection fraction 50%, exertional dyspnoea (excluding alternative causes of dyspnoea other than HFpEF), E/e0 at rest <14 and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide <220 pg/mL. During exercise in those with normal diastolic function, e0 increases to a similar extent to the increase in mitral E velocity, and the overall E/e0 ratio essentially remains unchanged. This is in contrast to patients with diastolic dysfunction where mitral E velocity becomes progressively higher with exercise, whereas e0 velocity remains reduced (having a limited preload effect on e0), thereby resulting in a high E/e0 ratio. In the subset of patients with normal or mildly abnormal diastolic parameters at rest with abnormal myocardial relaxation under stress, the elevation of exercise E/e0, systolic pulmonary artery pressure and/or left atrial pressure may explain a functional impairment leading to exertional dyspnea. During DiSE, changes in E/e0 ratio and pulmonary arterial pressures derived from tricuspid regurgitation are of significant relevance in identifying stress-induced diastolic dysfunction. DiSE is considered abnormal in presence of all these three parameters: 1) septal e0 velocity <7 cm/s or lateral e0 velocity <10 cm/s at rest; 2) average E/e0 >14 or septal E/e0 ratio >15 with exercise; 3) peak tricuspid regurgitation velocity >2.8m/s with exercise. Currently the HFpEF diagnostic guidelines on the basis of resting data are not very sensitive. Addition of exercise E/e0 data improves sensitivity and negative predictive value resulting in increased specificity, suggesting that DiSE helps to


Anti-diagonal toric generalized Kähler structures of symplectic type on a compact toric symplectic manifold were investigated in [21] . In this article, we consider general toric generalized Kähler structures of symplectic type, without requiring them to be anti-diagonal. Such a structure is characterized by a triple (τ, C, F ) where τ is a strictly convex function defined in the interior of the moment polytope ∆ and C,F are two constant anti-symmetric matrices. We prove that underlying each such a structure is a canonical toric Kähler structure I0 whose symplectic potential is given by this τ , and when C = 0 the generalized complex structure J1 other than the symplectic one arises from an I0-holomorphic Poisson structure β in a novel way not mentioned in the literature before. Conversely, given a toric Kähler structure with symplectic potential τ and two anti-symmetric constant matrices C,F , the triple (τ, C, F ) then determines a toric generalized Kähler structure of symplectic type canonically if F satisfies additionally a certain positivedefiniteness condition. In particular, if the initial toric Kähler manifold is the standard M∆ associated to a Delzant polytope ∆, the resulting generalized Kähler structure can be interpreted as obtained via generalized Kähler reduction from a generalized Kähler structure on an open subset of a complex linear space, just as in Delzant's construction M∆ is obtained through Kähler reduction from a complex linear space.


Ama (incomplete chyme, residual juice of indigested food) is a remnant of incomplete, improper digestion and metabol ism without attaining proper finality. Ama makes an avastha (stage) where the component Ama in association with doshya dushayadi results in acute or chron ic ailments. The peculiar and unique quality of Ama is to turn asamyukta (inassimilable) a tough bond with normal body elements. Because of this tough association, the dissociation and excretion becomes impossible. This quality of is compared with toxic manifestation of xenobiotics which are non excretable. If has to be made excretable, then it has to be c onverted from non excretable form in to excretable form. Or if it has to be made excretable, then it has to be converted into nontoxic or less toxic water soluble element. This is also similar to that of conversion of samadosha dhatu mala into niramaavasth a where it is totally detoxified and its excretion is possible. The present article aims at a clear faceoff with concept of xen obiotics and concept of Ama which facilitates better understanding or paves way for a perfect management of the disease associate d with Ama. In this process of biotransformation the way which is more actively involved with the phase I, namely Zi ngi ber offici nale , phase – II Zi ngi ber of f i cinale and Allium sativum and phase - III Allium sativum and Cassia senna . These are explained with an intention of attempting the implementation of newly introduced concept as mentioned above.


Objective To determine the changes in pathological lesion of the brain and the expressions of Caspase-3 and myelinbasicprotein(MBP),explore the neuroprotective function of different dose triiodothyronine(T3) on excitotoxic brain injury in neonatal mice.Methods Seventy-two 5 day-old institute of cancer research(ICR)-type neonatal mice were randomly divided into 5 groups: PBS control group(PBS group),model group with excitotoxic brain injury(IA group),low-dose T3 treated group(LT group),middle-dose T3-treated group(MT group),and high-dose T3 treated group(HT group).The models of excitotoxic brain injury were established by injecting ibotenic acid into the right hemisphere(intracranially),and the excitotoxic model received intracerebral injection,and the T3 treated groups were given intraperitoneal injections at 1 h,24 h,48 h,72 h and 96 h with different doses(2 μg·kg-1,5 μg·kg-1,10 μg·kg-1) T3 after intracerebral injection respectively.Six mice in each group were sacrificed at 120 h(P10) and 30 d(P35) after intracerebral injection,their brains tissues were removed,the extent of the brain lesion in each group were calculated through the numbers of the pathological slides with brain injury,and immunohistochemical technique was applied to detect the changes in expressions of Caspase-3 and MBP.Results The size of brain pathological lesion in MT group was significantly smaller(Pa0.01);the size of cortical plate lesion in HT group was also significantly smaller(Pa0.05),but the expression of Caspase-3 in IA group was significantly enhanced compared with that in PBS group(P0.001);The expression of Caspase-3 in the MT group and the HT group were greatly decreased compared with that in the IA group(P0.01).At P10 and P35,the MBP expressions in IA group decreased significantly compared with that in PBS group(P0.001);the MBP expressions in the MT group and the HT group were greatly increased compared with that in the IA group(P0.05).There were no statistical differences in the pathological lesions of the brain tissues and the expressions of Caspase-3 and MBP between the LT group and the IA group(Pa0.05).Conclusions Intraperitoneal administration of middle-dose T3 and high-dose T3 have protective effects on excitotoxic brain injury in neonatal mice,include reducing neuronal apoptosis and promote myelin formation and the size of excitotoxic brain lesion.The low-dose T3 has no neuroprotective effect on neuronal apoptosis and myelin formation and the excitotoxic brain lesion.


This article describes a study of the Cultural, Economic, Political, and Social Youth Leadership Development Program (CEPS), an identity-building program for disengaged youth, conducted by a community-university alliance in northern Manitoba, Canada. The study was conducted through the lens of transformative learning theory. Findings indicate participation in CEPS strengthened the physical, spiritual, emotional, and mental well-being of the quality of their lives, and provided knowledge and leadership skill development. The CEPS program also developed the participants' agency to make a difference in their lives, their families, and their communities.


Solid/liquid phase change process has received great attention for its capability to obtain high energy storage density. In this project, to analyze a simplified system undergoing liquid-solid phas ...


This paper proposed a high-accuracy prediction scheme and area-efficient CABAC decoder architecture for H.264 video decoder. To alleviate hardware cost and keep high throughput, we propose the prediction process and optimize the memory system. In particular, simulation results show that the proposed prediction-based CABAC decoder module achieves over 90% hit rate and requires only 16K logic gates with 3,360 bits SRAM by UMC 90 nm technology. The proposed architecture operates on 150 MHz frequency (Max. 249 MHz) for realizing 1080HD video playback at 30 fps, which can achieve Level 5.0 MP in tiny gate count.


Device-to-Device (D2D) communication is the key technologies that can help to solve the bandwidth unavailability problem of cellular networks. The system first adopts multi-hop D2D relays for routing protocol which achieves success delivery probability. This result shows technology to maintain the necessary communication between user device in case of disaster. The communication during a disaster time period is sustained by implementing a three-tier fortification of the overall network architecture. The basic strategy is adopted before any critical event occurs to make communication system more reliable and scalable. The network architecture strategy for quick service would minimize the physical redundancy and logical redundancy.


The aim of the research is to determine the skills of using modern assessment methods for Arabic language teachers in the primary stage, and to study the effect of their performance level of these skills on their students' effective achievement in the Arabic language; For the purpose of the research, the researchers prepared: a list of skills of using modern evaluation methods, a scale of skills of using modern evaluation methods, an effective achievement test, and a suggested visualization of a training program. The research procedures and results included: selecting a group of Arabic language teachers in the primary stage, whose number was (27) teachers, to determine the level of their performance in the skills of using modern assessment methods. The totality of the scale, except for (5) teachers whose level of performance has reached the required level of sufficiency, and a group of sixth-grade primary pupils were selected from among the pupils who were taught by these teachers, and they were divided into two groups; The first group was studied by teachers who did not reach the required level of competence in the skills of using modern assessment methods, and the second group was taught by teachers who had reached the required level of competence.


A device and method of operation thereof, used for aiding in psychological or physiological training, the device comprising a sound sensor (201), a signal processing system, a data memory (206), a counting algorithm module (205), a wireless transmission module (207), and a terminal display device (208). During operation, the sound sensor (201) is aligned with a test subject's lung region and senses a vibration signal; the vibration signal passes through a signal amplifier (202), a filter (203), and a digital/analog converter (204) to become a digital signal; then the breathing frequency is obtained by way of the counting algorithm module (205); upon storage of breathing frequency, amplitude, and waveform information, the wireless transmission module (207) is used to send the information to the terminal display device (208). The device uses a high-precision, high-resolution, small-size sound sensor (201). By means of the device being wearable, deep breathing parameters are continuously monitored, and the device is not subject to limitations of region and time; the quantized breathing parameters can provide to a tested person or a training specialist a basis for accurate assessment, thus improving the effects of psychological or physiological training.


The embodiment of the invention discloses a three-dimensional (3D) image signal processing method and a 3D display system; the method comprises the following steps that a 3D image signal is processed and a first synchronous control signal is generated; the opening or the closing of a 3D glasses lens is controlled according to the first synchronous control signal; and the frequency of the first synchronous control signal is 100Hz. The invention is applicable to controlling the opening or the closing the 3D glasses lens.


Abstract Hexagonal rare earth carbonate hydroxides, RE(CO3)OH, where RE = La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, and Er, were hydrothermally synthesized from formic acid and hydroxide gels of rare earth elements. The crystals exhibited bicephalous hexagonal prisms with lengths of several tens of micrometers. The crystal structures of a series of hexagonal RE(CO3)OH were solved using the single crystal CCD-XRD intensity data sets. The space groups of the synthetic hexagonal RE(CO3)OH crystals are all P-6. The present study has cast doubt upon the space group P-62c previously reported for the natural Ce(CO3)OH, hydroxylbastnäsite-(Ce). The cell parameters decreased linearly with decreases in the ionic radii of the rare earth elements. La(CO3)OH showed the largest unit cell (a = 12.6752(6), c = 10.0806(10) Å), while Er(CO3)OH showed the smallest (a = 11.8977(4), c = 9.6978(8) Å). The rare earth atoms are in ninefold coordination with oxygen atoms to form a tricapped trigonal prism. The structure consists of layers of 2∞[(OH)RE3/3]2+ ions linked by carbonate ions. Raman spectra indicate the presence of carbonate and hydroxide groups. An evolutionary shift was observed from La to Er towards higher frequency, which was associated with a decreasing RE—O bond length.


OBJECTIVE To explore and control the related factors of nosocomial pulmonary infection in patients with extensive burn. METHODS To study retrospectively 193 hospitalized patients with extensive burn in our hospital from Jan 1997 to Oct 2004. RESULTS In 193 cases of extensive burn,there were 37 cases complicated by infection,the rate of nosocomial pulmonary infection was 19.17%.A total of 248 pathogen strains were isolated by bacterial culturing.Nosocomial pulmonary infection was closely related with such factors as aging,course of disease,burn area,burn shock with fluid resuscitation,inhalation injury,tracheotomy,antibiotic use for a long time,and so on.The mortality of 193 patients with extensive burn was 11.40%,in the infective group it was 27.03% and in the non-infective group it was 7.69%(P0.01). CONCLUSIONS Nosocomial pulmonary infection is still a high frequent complication in extensively burned patients and those above mentioned related factors be paid attention.It is the most important step for the rehabilitation of extensive burn in order to effectively control nosocomial pulmonary infection.


Norbornenyl cyclic elastin-like peptides were polymerized via ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) to generate thermally responsive brush polymers. The thermally-responsive nature of the materials could be attenuated by the addition of a proteolytic enzyme that causes the cyclic peptide side chains to be linearized.


The value ξ,the height of comparatively calculated compression zone can be obtained simply and accurately by transforming the complex cubic equation to the standard form of univariate cubic equation and applying the second order convergence iterative method of numerical analysis.Meanwhile,the speed and accuracy of calculation can be improved by using the correlative fig of ξ~p,q'.The clear calculation ideas and easy formula simplify the manual and computer calculations.They are suitable for engineering designers to calculate and check under different work conditions.


Using annual time series data on the number of people who practice open defecation in Kenya from 2000 – 2017, the study predicts the annual number of people who will still be practicing open defecation over the period 2018 – 2021. The authors apply the Box-Jenkins ARIMA methodology. The diagnostic ADF tests show that the ODK series under consideration is an I (1) variable. Based on the AIC, the study presents the ARIMA (0, 1, 2) model as the optimal model. The diagnostic tests further indicate that the presented model is quite stable and its residuals are stationary in levels. The results of the study indicate that the number of people practicing open defecation in Kenya is likely to decline, although slightly, over the period 2018 – 2022, from approximately 9.9% to almost 8.2% of the total population. Hence, it is possible for Kenya to completely eliminate the practice of open defecation by 2030. The study basically suggested a 3-fold policy recommendation to be put into consideration, especially by the government of Kenya.


Background: Distal triceps rupture is an uncommon injury. It is most often associated with anabolic steroid use, weight lifting and laceration. Eccentric loading of a contracting triceps has been implicated, particularly in professional athletes. Initial diagnosis include loss of elbow extension, pain and swelling. Plain radiographs confirm diagnosis, althought MRI and CT are helpful. Methods: case report study of a patient with complete tear of the distal triceps tendon. Results: surgical repair is indicated in active persons with complete tears. Complete elbow extension was achieve with surgical treatment.


In this work, we have combined the multi-reference double-excitation configuration interaction method, developed by Buenker and Peyerimhoff (1974 Theor. Chim. Acta 35 33), with molecular orbitals optimized with a multi-configurational self-consistent-field approach. Using the example of the water molecule, we show that such a combined technique lowers the computational costs while improving the overall accuracy, especially for highly excited states. With this new approach, we have computed the full-dimensional potential energy surfaces (PESs) of water molecule up to the F̃ states. Furthermore, using these PESs we study the photodissociation dynamics of water triggered with short wavelength photons, which have been investigated in recent free electron laser experiments. Our results indicate new and efficient fragmentation pathways. This work paves the way to the study of reaction dynamics of polyatomic molecules in high-lying electronic states.


A small quantity of natural glass from Macedon, Victoria, is shown to be like Darwin glass from Tasmania. The glasses from both localities are compared and contrasted with natural glass from other parts of the world. The results of secondary fusion of rocks under special circumstances during the fierce burning of tree trunks at two localities in Victoria suggest that these glasses may have developed during forest fires. This casts further doubt on the belief that Darwin glass is of tektitic (extraterrestrial) origin.


In this thesis, we prove a classification of isometric pluriharmonic immersions of a Kahler manifold into a semi-Euclidean space, which establishes a generalization of Calabi-Lawson's theory concerning minimal surfaces in Euclidean spaces. Then we study these immersions for complete Kahler manifolds with low codimensions, and prove, in particular, a cylinder theorem and a Bernstein property. Moreover, we construct new examples of isometric pluriharmonic immersions.


PART I: THE MACROECONOMICS OF GROWTH AND STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATION PART II: MICROECONOMIC AND SECTORAL ISSUES PART III: INSTITUTIONAL AND SOCIAL ECONOMICS PART IV: OLD AND NEW DEVELOPMENT PLAYERS PART V: LOOKING FORWARD


The human visual cortex is biased towards shape components while CNNs produce texture biased features. This fact may explain why the performance of CNN significantly degrades with low-labeled input data scenarios. In this paper, we propose a frequency re-calibration U-Net (FRCU-Net) for medical image segmentation. Representing an object in terms of frequency may reduce the effect of texture bias, resulting in better generalization for a low data regime. To do so, we apply the Laplacian pyramid in the bottleneck layer of the U-shaped structure. The Laplacian pyramid represents the object proposal in different frequency domains, where the high frequencies are responsible for the texture information and lower frequencies might be related to the shape. Adaptively re-calibrating these frequency representations can produce a more discriminative representation for describing the object of interest. To this end, we first propose to use a channel-wise attention mechanism to capture the relationship between the channels of a set of feature maps in one layer of the frequency pyramid. Second, the extracted features of each level of the pyramid are then combined through a non-linear function based on their impact on the final segmentation output. The proposed FRCU-Net is evaluated on five datasets ISIC 2017, ISIC 2018, the PH2, lung segmentation, and SegPC 2021 challenge datasets and compared to existing alternatives, achieving state-of-the-art results.


Diabetes mellitus magnifies the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Besides the well-recognized microvascular complications of diabetes, such as nephropathy and retinopathy, there is a growing epidemic of macrovascular complications, including diseases of the coronary arteries, peripheral arteries and carotid vessels, particularly in the burgeoning type 2 diabetic population. Despite this challenge, many primary care physicians have not yet adopted evidencebased management strategies. The traditional therapeutic approaches emphasize glycemic control, which limits microvascular disease but lacks an established benefit in macrovascular disease. Understanding atherosclerosis in diabetes and instituting therapy guided by emerging evidence should improve patient outcomes. The evidence supports aggressive antiatherosclerotic management strategies upon diagnosis of type 2 diabetes to minimize the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Epidemiologic evidence confirms an association between diabetes and an increased prevalence of peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Individuals with diabetes have a twoto fourfold increase in PAD rates, as well as an increased incidence of femoral bruits and absent pedal pulses, and many have abnormal rates of ankle-brachial indices ranging from 11.9 to 16%. The duration and severity of diabetes correlate with the incidence and extent of PAD. In type 2 diabetes, an average interval of arterial impairment is 9 to 10 years; in type 1 diabetes, it is approximately 17 to 22 years. Diabetes changes the nature of PAD. Diabetic patients more commonly have infrapopliteal arterial occlusive disease and vascular calcification than their nondiabetic cohorts. The Hoorn study examined the rates of PAD among groups ranging from patients with normal glucose tolerance to those with diabetes requiring multiple medications. The 7% prevalence of abnormal ankle-brachial indices in individuals with normal glucose tolerance increased to 20.9% in those requiring multiple hypoglycemic medications. Patients with diabetes develop the symptomatic forms of PAD, intermittent claudication and amputation more frequently than nondiabetics. In the Framingham cohort, the presence of diabetes increased the risk of claudication by 3.5fold in men and 8.6-fold in women. Worse, diabetes causes most nontraumatic lower extremity amputations in the United States. The relative risk for lower extremity amputation in patients with diabetes was 12.7 (95% CI, 10.9–14.9) compared with that of nondiabetic patients in the Medicare population and as high as 23.5 (95% CI, 19.3–29.1) for diabetic persons aged 65 to 74 years. Despite the marked increase in lower extremity atherosclerosis risk, we have inadequate information regarding the role of medical therapies in diabetic patients with PAD. No evidence shows that tight glycemic control, aggressive blood pressure management, or the use of antiplatelet agents decreases the incidence of intermittent claudication or critical limb ischemia. Although simvastatin decreased the rates of claudication in patients with CAD in the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study, the trial did not report data specific to patients with diabetes. Even in the absence of definitive data, we recommend that patients with diabetes receive therapies of proven benefit in broader patient populations because cardiovascular events remain the principal cause of death in patients with PAD. In the June issue of the Journal, Ahmadi et al discussed the prevalence of peripheral arterial diseases in Asian Indian diabetics in different age groups and compared the prevalence of PAD in diabetics on different therapies. They indicated that the prevalence of PAD was directly proportional to the duration of diabetes mellitus and the age of the patients. The prevalence of PAD was not limited by the treatment modality in diabetics.


The current status of Xianning power switching network is analyzed in this paper.Combining with the existing network,a NGN networking program based on softswitch is proposed,and the NGN softswitch application in Xianning power communication network is discussed.How to take full advantages of previous investment,combine the current situation of enterprise network and gradually transit from the existing network to NGN softswitch network are discussed in this paper,which has a highly targeted and important practical significance.It provides reference value for the power companies to renovate communication networks and formulate communication plans.


It is well established, that for a stainless steel material with austenitic structure, the temperature , the plastic deformation and the way of loading are dete rmining factors in the evolution of the kinetics of the martensitic transformation with large plastic defor mations. Actually, the existed approached in litera ture is the kinetic of martensitic transformation under simple tensile and compression test. In this case, it was shown that a dissymmetry of the behaviour due to th e loading path affects fully the obtained results. The objective of this work is to elucidate, first o f all, in the case of wide traction (planar deforma tion), the evolution of the kinetics of the martensitic transf ormation at low temperatures going from 0°C until t he cryogenic temperature at -196°C. Then, we will ill ustrate the numerical identification of the martens itic induced by large plastic strain using a phemenologi cal modeling. Mot- clefs : transformation martensitique induite, traction plane, cinetique de transformation


Brought up in a fusion of grassland culture and agricultural culture, Empress Dowager of Chengtian carried out Han policies actively. She didn't stop on the surface of the establishment of rules and regulations but focused her attention on the long range strategies to advance the feudalization of the Khitan society. Her strategies are mainly shown in two respects: educating Emperor Shengzong with Confucian thought and building the officialdom with Confucian style.


Background
Traumatic brain injury is a prominent and leading cause of premature mortality and disability. Corticosteroids were widely used in the clinical management of traumatic brain injury but their benefit has been challenged in so many studies and their efficacy but their use in TBI still remains unclear. The aim of this review is to evaluate the effectiveness and efficacy of corticosteroids in reducing mortality or morbidity in people with acute traumatic brain injury.
Methods
A systematic literature searches as enabled a thorough and robust process of rigorous critical appraisal in order to make an informed, balanced and evidenced based judgement on the use of corticosteroids in the management of acute traumatic brain injury to quantify effectiveness of corticosteroids in reducing mortality and morbidity in reducing traumatic brain injury.
Results
Systematic literature search relevant to corticosteroid use in acute traumatic brain injury. The search strategy involving data base including Embase, MEDLINE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Review Seven studies have been critically appraised to determine the effectiveness and efficacy of corticosteroid use in acute traumatic brain injury.
Conclusion
It can be safely concluded that there is no significant benefit or efficacy of the use of corticosteroid in the management of acute traumatic brain injury. There is no reduction in mortality with the use of corticosteroid however progesterone use caused no discernible harm and showed possible sign of benefit but in a very small and single institution study. Overall the efficacy of amino-steroids in patients with moderate and severe head injury could not be demonstrated.


This paper surveys interlending in the countries that comprise the consortium of National Libraries and Documentation Centres — South‐East Asia, ie Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand. A questionnaire survey revealed that the volume of interlending varied greatly between these countries and was generally low. The number of interlibrary loan requests sent abroad was far greater than the number received. Only a minority of libraries had telephone and Telex links, but many had reprographic equipment. Requests were sent mainly to subject specialist libraries, and union catalogues and central collections were less used. Charges were minimal. The importance of maintaining national and international statistics is stressed. This is one function of national interlending centres, which should be established as independent units in all countries.


Recognizing the importance of real-world data (RWD) for regulatory purposes, the United States (US) Congress passed the 21st Century Cures Act1 mandating the development of Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidance on regulatory use of real-world evidence. The Forum on the Integration of Observational and Randomized Data (FIORD) conducted a meeting bringing together various stakeholder groups to build consensus around best practices for the use of RWD to support regulatory science. Our companion paper describes in detail the context and discussion carried out in the meeting, which includes a recommendation to use a causal roadmap for complete pre-specification of study designs using RWD. This article discusses one step of the roadmap: the specification of a procedure for sensitivity analysis, defined as a procedure for testing the robustness of substantive conclusions to violations of assumptions made in the causal roadmap. We include a worked-out example of a sensitivity analysis from a RWD study on the effectiveness of Nifurtimox in treating Chagas disease, as well as an overview of various methods available for sensitivity analysis in causal inference, emphasizing practical considerations on their use for regulatory purposes.


The cataclysmic variable star EX Dra is a relatively faint but frequently investigated eclipsing dwarf nova. In total 35 new eclipses were measured photometrically as part of our long-term monitoring of interesting eclipsing systems. Using published and new mid-eclipse times obtained between 2004 and 2011 we constructed the observed-minus-calculated diagram. The current data present 21 years of period modulation with a semi-amplitude of 2.5 min. The eclipse timings show significant deviations from the best sinusoidal fit, which indicates that this ephemeris is not a complete description of the data. The fractional period change is roughly ΔP/P = 3 × 10 −6 .


We present a bump mapping method that requires minimal hardware beyond that necessary for Phong shading. We eliminate the costly per-pixel steps of reconstructing a tangent space and perturbing the interpolated normal vector by a) interpolating vectors that have been transformed into tangent space at polygon vertices and b) storing a precomputed, perturbed normal map as a texture. This represents a considerable savings in hardware or rendering speed compared to a straightforward implementation of bump mapping. CR categories and subject descriptors: I.3.3 [Computer Graphics]: Picture/Image generation; I.3.7 [Image Processing]: Enhancement


This study investigated the effects of different types of learning communities in residence halls on the learning and intellectual development of first-year students at the University of Missouri (Columbia). Information sources included existing campus data and responses to the College Student Experiences Questionnaire. Compared to 469 students living in traditional residence halls, the 157 students living in learning communities within the university had significantly higher levels of involvement and interaction with significant others (faculty and peers), greater integration of information obtained in and outside of class, and greater gains in general education, which were attributed to higher levels of involvement in art, music, and theater, interactions with peers, and increased intellectual content of interactions. Learning communities tended to have direct positive effects on day-to-day behavioral aspects of students' college experiences and indirect effects on the integration of information and student learning. Higher levels of integration of course information for students in residential learning communities resulted largely from the positive effects of learning communities on involvement in clubs and organizations, involvement in residence halls, interaction with faculty and peers, and the intellectual content of interactions. (Contains 25 references.) (SW) ******************************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * ******************************************************************************** The Effects of Residential Learning Communities on Students' Educational Experiences and Learning Outcomes During the First Year of College Gary R. Pike, Director Student Life Studies University of MissouriColumbia 12 Parker Hall (573) 884-7706 firstname.lastname@example.com


Uncertainty relations provide fundamental limits on what can be said about the properties of quantum systems. For a quantum particle, the commutation relation of position and momentum observables entails Heisenberg's uncertainty relation. A third observable is presented which satisfies canonical commutation relations with both position and momentum. The resulting triple of pairwise canonical observables gives rise to a Heisenberg-type uncertainty relation for the product of three standard deviations. We derive the smallest possible value of this bound and determine the specific squeezed state which saturates the triple uncertainty relation. Quantum optical experiments are proposed to verify our findings.


PURPOSE: A private EV-DO system sharing a public network DLR and a data service method using the same are provided to reduce the cost by receiving session information through a public network DLR and processing a call. CONSTITUTION: A pANC(private Access Network Control)(230) provides linking between a private EV-DO network(200) and a public EV-DO network(100), requests session information of a private network EV-DO AT(Access Terminal)(210) for performing authentication through a public network DLR(Data Location Register)(160) and a dedicated line, allocates a traffic channel for connection to the private network or the Internet according to the received session information, and establishes SVC(Switched Virtual Connection). An ANTS(Access Network Transceiver System)(130) analyzes a message transmitted from the private network EV-DO AT(210) as the AT(210) enters a radio area and pages the public network or the private network, requests access to the public network or the private network from a public network ANC(130) or from the pANC(230). A pAN_AAA(private Access Network Authentication Accounting Authorization)(240) receives session information on the private network EV-DO AT(210) and authenticates the AT. A pPDSN(private Packet Data Serving Node)(260) provides an Internet service to the private network EV-DO AT(210) through an Intranet. A WSM(250) handles loading, an obstacle, diagnosis and statistics of the private EV-DO wireless network according to allocation of the traffic channel and setting of the SVC by the pANC(230).


Fan Out-Wafer Level Packaging (FO-WLP) is good platform for system-in-package (SIP) application in high frequencies due to its relative good electrical performance. In this paper, the molding compound material is characterized using microstrip ring resonators, which are fabricated and measured to obtain the relative dielectric constant (εr) and loss tangent (tan δ) from 24 to 36 GHz. The loss tangent is determined with conductor loss, dielectric loss and radiation loss of ring resonator taken into consideration. Through-reflect-line (TRL) calibration method is used to eliminate the testing pad parasitic effect and impedance mismatch. In addition, the dielectric layer of redistribution layers (RDL) is characterized with thin film capacitors. It is shown that both molding compound and RDL can be used in system-in-package 5G communication.


The development of high-performance thermoacoustic systems requires efficient heat transfer between the stack or the regenerator and the heat-exchangers. So far, the coupling between these elements has been addressed using theoretical models and numerical simulations1. These analyses demonstrate that, at the high acoustic levels found in realistic thermoacoustic systems, acoustic velocities and instantaneous temperatures exhibit nonlinear interactions. However, there is a lack of controlled experimental data to validate these results. In this paper we consider a standing-wave thermoacoustic refrigerator. It consists of a stack of plates placed in an acoustic resonator. Two heat exchangers are located at each stack extremity. The thermoacoustic effect takes place in the thermal and viscous boundary layers along each plate of the stack. It results in a heat transport along the plates and in a temperature difference between the two stack ends. The full understanding of the heat transfer between the stack and the heat exchangers is a key issue to improve the global efficiency of these devices.


Objective To investigate the application of continuous aspiration of subglottic secretion in patients with percutaneous tracheostomy cannula receiving mechancial ventilation.Methods Forty-eight patients treated with percutaneous tracheostomy in ICU were divided into the control group(n=45)and the observation group(n=45).Control group received routine intake-the conventional aspiration,and Continuous Aspiration of Subglottic Secretion(CASS) was applied in the observation group.The incidence of VAP,an average time of MV and hospital stays in two groups were compared.Results The incidence of VAP,an average time of MV and hospital stays in the observation group were lower than those in the control group,differences have statistical sinificance(all P0.05),patients with CASS every day get VAP later and have shorter MV time.Conclusion Continuous aspiration of subglottic secretion vail effectively reduce the incidence of VAP,shorten the average time of MV and hospitalization.


In this paper the s.d.g. IBM (Interacting Boson Model) is used to calculate the energy spectra of the even/sup 44//sup ,//sup 46//sup ,//sup 48/Ti nuclei, and the results are compared with the calculations based on the pure-configuration shell model and with the experimental spectra.


In this paper we present our current work towards the development of gas sensors for environmental monitoring based on semiconducting oxide coated Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) devices. The results for an In203 coated SAW sensor for ozone monitoring are presented. The transduction mechanism is based on film conductivity changes, not on the mass loading effect.


A frequency up‐shift is observed in the interaction of a high power microwave with an unmagnetic inhomogeneous argon plasma. The induced frequency up‐shift is considered to be related to a rapid expanding plasma which is created by the ponderomotive of a strong standing wave.


The advantages of using seaplanes for commercial purposes is discussed. The three primary advantages described include their superior speeds over existing means of transport on the same routes, the available landing fields when flying over the water, and the reduction of distance from the airport to the city is serves due to the seaplane's ability to land in water.


AIMTo investigate the effects of matrine on the proliferation of human glioma cell line BT325. METHODS MTT was used to measure the levels of the proliferation of BT325 cultured with matrine in different concentrations. The effects of matrine on cell cycle of BT325 were observed by FCM. The morphological change of BT325 cell was detected by electronic microscopy. RESULTS The proliferation of BT325 was obviously inhibited by matrine in a dose dependent manner. The inhibitory rate came to the peak at (32 1±1 1)%, when cultured with matrine at 0 5 g·L -1 . The outcome of FCM showed that the apoptotic cell rate was 23 9%. The morphological changes of apoptosis were also found by electronic microscopy. CONCLUSION Matrine can inhibit the proliferation of BT325 and induce the apoptosis of the cells.


A study of outflow (OF) and BAL systems in Mrk 231 (and in similar IR QSOs) is presented. This study is based mainly on 1D and 2D spectroscopy (obtained at La Palma/WHT, HST, IUE, ESO/NTT, KPNO, APO and CASLEO observatories) plus HST images. For Mrk 231 we report evidence that the extreme nuclear OF process has at least 3 main components on different scales, which are probably associated with: (i) the radio jet, at pc scale; and (ii) the extreme starburst at pc and kpc scale. This OF has generated 4 or more concentric expanding bubbles and the BAL systems. Specifically, inside and very close to the nucleus the 2D spectra show the presence of an OF emission bump in the blend H α +[N ii ], with with LINER/OF processes associated with fast velocity shocks. Therefore, we suggest that these giant bubbles are associated with the large scale nuclear OF component, which is generated –at least in part– by the extreme nuclear starburst: i.e., type II SN explosions. The variability of the short lived BAL–III Na ID system was studied, covering almost all the period in which this system appeared (between ∼ 1984–2004). We found that the BAL-III light curve (LC) is clearly asymmetric with: a steep increase, a clear maximum and an exponential fall (similar to the shape of a SN LC). The origin of this BAL-III system is discussed, mainly in the frame work of an extreme explosive event , probably associated with giant SNe/hypernova explosions. Finally, the IR colours diagram and the UV-BAL systems of IR+GW/OF+Fe ii QSOs are analysed. This study shows a new BAL IR QSO and suggest/confirm that these objects could be nearby young BAL QSOs, similar to those detected recently at z ∼ 6.0 . We propose that the phase of young QSO is associated with: accretion of large amount of gas (by the SMBH) + extreme starbursts + extreme composite OFs/BALs.


The White Bear version of Fundamental Measure Theory (FMT-WB) has been tested in binary mixtures of hard spheres in the vicinity of the colloidal limit, where the size ratio of the two species is exceedingly large and the large sphere mole fraction is infinitely low. Contact values of large–large sphere radial distribution functions have been calculated and compared with molecular dynamics simulations and previously proposed theoretical formulas. In contrast to the failure of BMCSL (Boublik, Mansoori, Carnahan, Starling, Leland equation of state) predictions, FMT-WB gives good agreement with simulation for a range of species size ratios and mole fractions. The performance of BMCSL is qualitatively related to one of its model parameters, which could indicate the reliability of the BMCSL result. Our results confirm the accuracy of FMT-WB in the colloidal limit for the first time and suggest that BMCSL contact values must be applied carefully to account for chain connectivity when studying certain cases with classical Density Functional Theories.


Thin gold films were vapor -deposited on nickel, nickel-chromium, and nickel rhenium surfaces to be used for lubrication purposes. The durability of the film was determined by friction characteristics. Durability and strong bonding (adhesion) between the film and the substrate a r e essential when thin films a r e used as lubricants. Two methods of substrate preparation for vapor deposition were investigated: (1) mechanical polishing and (2) electron bombardment. Friction experiments were conducted with a hemispherical niobium rider sliding on the deposited gold film on a rotating disk. Results of this investigation indicated that the film endurance life during friction experiments was increased when the substrate was electron bombarded and thermally etched prior to vapor deposition on the etched surface at an elevated temperature of 800' F. A diffusion-type interface was believed to be formed between the film and the substrate.


This study examines the spillover and distributional effect of microcredit intervention focusing on Ghana. Using three household waves of the Ghana Living Standards Survey; spanning from 2005 to 2017, the study employs a synthetic panel regression techniques. The difference-in-difference-in-difference with propensity score matching and quantile treatment effect regression techniques were used to examine the spillover and distributional effects on household welfare respectively. Household welfare was measured in five dimensions; that is in terms of health, energy, food, expenditure and a national welfare index. Employing a disaggregated estimation approach, analysis was conducted focusing on multiple time periods and across household groups. The findings suggest that the direct impact of microcredit is not only heterogeneous, but also affected by time as well as household and environmental unobserved covariates. The evidence suggest the impact of microcredit is extensive, heterogeneous and high on health, food, and overall welfare index; but not on household expenditure and energy consumption. We find adequate evidence to conclude that the impact of microcredit on energy consumption and household expenditure are largely due to external effect and not by direct programme impact. For health, food and overall welfare index the potential impact is both direct and external. The implication is that


Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an inflammatory CNS syndrome distinct from multiple sclerosis (MS) that is associated with serum aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G antibodies (AQP4-IgG). Prior NMO diagnostic criteria required optic nerve and spinal cord involvement but more restricted or more extensive CNS involvement may occur. The International Panel for NMO Diagnosis (IPND) was convened to develop revised diagnostic criteria using systematic literature reviews and electronic surveys to facilitate consensus. The new nomenclature defines the unifying term NMO spectrum disorders (NMOSD), which is stratified further by serologic testing (NMOSD with or without AQP4-IgG). The core clinical characteristics required for patients with NMOSD with AQP4-IgG include clinical syndromes or MRI findings related to optic nerve, spinal cord, area postrema, other brainstem, diencephalic, or cerebral presentations. More stringent clinical criteria, with additional neuroimaging findings, are required for diagnosis of NMOSD without AQP4IgG or when serologic testing is unavailable. The IPND also proposed validation strategies and achieved consensus on pediatric NMOSD diagnosis and the concepts of monophasic NMOSD and opticospinal MS. Neurology® 2015;85:1–13 GLOSSARY ADEM 5 acute disseminated encephalomyelitis; AQP4 5 aquaporin-4; IgG 5 immunoglobulin G; IPND 5 International Panel for NMO Diagnosis; LETM 5 longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis lesions; MOG 5 myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein; MS 5 multiple sclerosis; NMO 5 neuromyelitis optica; NMOSD 5 neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders; SLE 5 systemic lupus erythematosus; SS 5 Sjögren syndrome. Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an inflammatory CNS disorder distinct from multiple sclerosis (MS). It became known as Devic disease following a seminal 1894 report. Traditionally, NMO was considered a monophasic disorder consisting of simultaneous bilateral optic neuritis and transverse myelitis but relapsing cases were described in the 20th century. MRI revealed normal brain scans and$3 vertebral segment longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis lesions (LETM) in NMO. The nosology of NMO, especially whether it represented a topographically restricted form of MS, remained controversial. A major advance was the discovery that most patients with NMO have detectable serum antibodies that target the water channel aquaporin-4 (AQP4–immunoglobulin G [IgG]), are highly specific for clinically diagnosed NMO, and have pathogenic potential. In 2006, AQP4-IgG serology was incorporated into revised NMO diagnostic criteria that relaxed clinical From the Departments of Neurology (D.M.W.) and Library Services (K.E.W.), Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ; the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (B.B.), PA; the Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology (J.L.B.), University of Colorado Denver, Aurora; the Service de Neurologie (P.C.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Fort de France, Fort-de-France, Martinique; Department of Neurology (W.C.), Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia; the Department of Neurology (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; the Department of Neurology (J.d.S.), Strasbourg University, France; the Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics (K.F.), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; the Departments of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics (B.G.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; The Walton Centre NHS Trust (A.J.), Liverpool, UK; the Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, Department of Neurology (S.J.), University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany; the Center for Multiple Sclerosis Investigation (M.L.-P.), Federal University of Minas Gerais Medical School, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; the Department of Neurology (M.L.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Portland VA Medical Center and Oregon Health and Sciences University (J.H.S.), Portland; the Department of Neurology (S.T.), National Pediatric Hospital Dr. Juan P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina; the Department of Medicine (A.L.T.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.W.), University of Oxford, UK; and the Department of Neurology (B.G.W.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN. Go to Neurology.org for full disclosures. Funding information and disclosures deemed relevant by the authors, if any, are provided at the end of the article. The Article Processing Charge was paid by the Guthy-Jackson Charitable Foundation. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND), which permits downloading and sharing the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially. © 2015 American Academy of Neurology 1 a 2015 American Academy of Neurology. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited. Published Ahead of Print on June 19, 2015 as 10.1212/WNL.0000000000001729


Transparent conductive ZnO films have been prepared at different oxygen pressures in the range I × 10 -4 to 6 × 10 -3 mbar on glass substrates held at a fixed temperature of 663 K by reactively sputtering metallic zinc target in a dc magnetron sputtering system. The deposited films were characterised (at 303 K) to study the influence of oxygen pressure on their structure, electrical and optical properties. Films with a low electrical resistivity of 6.9 × 10 -2 Ω cm, high optical transmittance of 83% and an optical band gap of 3.28 eV have been obtained at an oxygen pressure of 1 × 10 -3 mbar.


children have any passionate investment in the family cabin? Memories draw him back to his own childhood visits and beyond to details pertaining to the island's settlement and persistently throughout to the last year of his father's life, 1996–1997, which may call to mind something of Terry Tempest Williams's technique in Refuge (1991). His chapters move fluidly in time but always in summer. "Camano spans my life," Weltzien writes, "but belongs to one season" (144). Throughout the essays that comprise this book, Weltzien strews literary allusions to E. B. White's essay "Once More to the Lake," Walt Whitman's "Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking," and Dylan Thomas's "Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night," but these do not obtrude. His professor-of-literature self is less apparent than his mountain-climber self. His deliberate, occasionally meditative prose rarely takes us on flights of metaphoric fancy. Weltzien is at his best when he openly asserts what is on his mind; for example, when he regrets the fact that "busyness, business is the ideal" of our society: "Food, berries, books, chores, beach, evening strolls and card games. I stay outside in summer at many altitudes and in many time zones, but my body's vocabulary grows from this core, just as Dad's had from a freshwater bay. My children lack this core" (161).


Due to the mismatch between the transmission range and interference-vulnerable range, the reception at a receiving node in a wireless network could still be interfered by a sending node beyond the coverage of its clear-tosend (CTS). This is the so-called large interference range problem. It is a common problem in real environments but overlooked by the standards and related studies. The large interference range problem could lead to transmission control protocol (TCP) instability and TCP unfairness, especially in case of multi-hop transmission. There exist research works devoted to this issue. However, more power consumption was incurred at the same time. For a power-efficient solution to this problem, a novel scheme, named power control interference avoidance (PCIA), is developed and presented in this article. The proposed scheme decouples control channel from data channel and use different power level in the transmission of control frames and data frames. By doing so, the large interference problem can be effectively avoided, while retaining a high level of power efficiency. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed scheme had been validated by an analytic study on a simplified model and a series of simulations. As revealed in the simulation results, the proposed PCIA scheme outperforms conservative CTS reply (CCR) and IEEE 802.11 in many aspects, including data corruption ratio and power efficiency. Copyright # 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Orphanhood data provides potentially valuable measures of adult mortality. The logit life table system was used as basis for analysis. Assumptions were made on which the weighting factors were based. The 1st assumption was that there should be no relation between mortality experience and numbers of surviving children since those with no surviving children have no weight while those with 10 surviving children are weighted by 10. The 2nd assumption is that the level and pattern of mortality should not have changed since the oldest parent reported produced the particular respondent. The 3rd assumption was that the fertility model used may not be suitable. The model however was justified on the ground that very plausible estimates of adult mortality male and female have been obtained by its application as in the cases of Africa Latin America and the Pacific Islands. (Summary in FRE)


A promising approach to adoptive transfer therapy of tumors is to reprogram autologous T lymphocytes by TCR gene transfer of defined Ag specificity. An obstacle, however, is the undesired pairing of introduced TCRα- and TCRβ-chains with the endogenous TCR chains. These events vary depending on the individual endogenous TCR and they not only may reduce the levels of cell surface-introduced TCR but also may generate hybrid TCR with unknown Ag specificities. We show that such hybrid heterodimers can be generated even by the pairing of human and mouse TCRα- and TCRβ-chains. To overcome this hurdle, we have identified a pair of amino acid residues in the crystal structure of a TCR that lie at the interface of associated TCR Cα and Cβ domains and are related to each other by both a complementary steric interaction analogous to a "knob-into-hole" configuration and the electrostatic environment. We mutated the two residues so as to invert the sense of this interaction analogous to a charged "hole-into-knob" configuration. We show that this inversion in the CαCβ interface promotes selective assembly of the introduced TCR while preserving its specificity and avidity for Ag ligand. Noteworthily, this TCR modification was equally efficient on both a Mu and a Hu TCR. Our data suggest that this approach is generally applicable to TCR independently of their Ag specificity and affinity, subset distribution, and species of origin. Thus, this strategy may optimize TCR gene transfer to efficiently and safely reprogram random T cells into tumor-reactive T cells.


In the detection and identification of a target, the position fusion of the measurements for sensors is necessary and the target's optimization trajectory is required for recognizing. A new position fusion algorithm is introduced. The measurements from multisensors (such as TV, IR, laser, radar, and so on) can be fused so as to achieve result of higher accuracy. The instantaneous weight values of the data are obtained utilizing the weight reciprocal propagation (WRP) to achieve a positional fusion to a single target. The simulations show that the method is an effective distributed fusion algorithm.