Submitted for the MAR09 Meeting of The American Physical Society Collapse Transitions in Thermosensitive Alternating Copolymers: A Monte Carlo Study IOANNIS BITSANIS, ANASTASIA RISSANOU, FORTHIESL, Heraklion, Greece, STANISLAV BUROV, St. Petersburgh Univ., Russia, EVEANGELOS MANIAS, Penn State Univ., PA USA — Alternating copolymers are expected to exhibit a rich transition behavior in selective solvents with implications in biology and the design of thermo and pH-sensitive materials. We studied transitions of model alternating copolymers of the type (AAA...)n1(BBB...)n2, in selective solvents by MC simulations. Results showed that the eminent factor, controlling response to external stimuli, is co-polymer's chemical composition.. We focused on the extreme case of a single polymer chain of N = 1000 units, distributed equally in alternate blocks of n1= n2 =100 units (Aand Bblocks). The solvent was quite selective, i.e. good for 5 100-A-blocks, whereas the 5 100 B-blocks were quite insoluble. An extended critical region, characterized by the presence of several distinct intermediate states between coil and globules, and by fluctuations strong enough to induce spontaneous transitions among these states was observed. Our findings underline that in the case of strong blockiness the alternating architecture induces collapse transitions that proceed through stages not existing in the analogous homopolymer and di-block copolymer transitions. GSRT-05-MAT-USA14; INTASDMR-0602877; NSF-DMR-0602877; INTAS 05-1000008-8020.


In the process of artistic creation,it is the suspense problem for long time for us to pursue of the arts aesthetic personality or the all-embracing philosophy of epistemology.Typical art theory is the basic tendencies of epistemology universality significance.This is a pursuit of the lost arts.We must make it clear what the artistic creation be supposed to pursue? What art is the universality ? Otherwise,we will lose our efforts to create art direction.I think art should be created at the art of personality diligently pursued.On this basis,we are trying to deepen the understanding of the people,as well as artistic object,spiritual relation between artistic main body and artistic personality.


This paper reports the process parameters used to make moisture stable HfO2, the optical properties of HfO2 in the UV-visible spectral region and gives an example of a moisture stable thin-film coating of a HfO2/SiO2 LWP filter.


The catalytic mechanism of malonyl-CoA synthetase from Rhizobium trifolii was investigated by the steady state kinetics and intermediate identification. Initial velocity studies and the product inhibition studies with AMP and PPi strongly suggested ordered Bi Uni Uni Bi Ping-Pong Ter Ter system as the most probable steady state kinetic mechanism of malonyl-CoA synthetase. Michaelis constants were M for ATP, malonate and CoA, respectively. The TLC analysis of the products in reaction mixture containing ATP in the absence of CoA showed that PPi was produced after the sequential addition of ATP and malonate. Formation of malonyl-AMP, suggested as an intermediate in the kinetically deduced mechanism, was confirmed by the analysis of spectra of AMP product isolated from the transfer experiment using malonate. Two resonances were observed, corresponding to AMP labelled with zero and one atom of , indicating that one atom of transferred from malonate to AMP through the formation of malonyl-AMP. Formation of malonyl-AMP was also confirmed through the TLC analysis of reaction mixture containing ATP. These results strongly support the ordered Bi Uni Uni Bi Ping-Pong Ter Ter mechanism deduced from the initial velocity and product inhibition studies.


A discrete mapping is used to analyze nonresonant ripple transport in a tokamak. Pitch‐angle scattering is manifested in two different terms, as in a previous treatment of resonant ripple transport. The mapping is a generalization of one which recovers the standard banana‐drift regime. This is one limit of the more general mapping presented here; in the other, the quasilinear value for the diffusion coefficient emerges. When the quasilinear value applies, it can be either much greater or much less than the corresponding banana‐drift value, depending on the parameter values of the mapping.


Premium earnings within the Austrian insurance sector experienced the extreme cyclical movements taking place over the past few years only weakly. After stagnating during the crisis-ridden year 2009, premiums displayed growth in 2010 that did not keep up with the expansion of nominal GDP. Accordingly, insurance market penetration in 2010 dropped below the value of the previous year. For 2011, the industry expects a slight decline in premium dynamics. The most recent WIFO surveys are even more pessimistic. Due to increased returns from capital investments, insurance firms accelerated both their actuarial profits and their results from ordinary operations.


SummaryWe present the ongoing development of a compact and robust optical cavity setup developed with an emphasis on space compatibility and based on a 5 cm ULE cavity with fused silica substrates and crystalline mirrors. A detailed design description is followed by a noise prediction of the final setup. The expected frequency stability is on the order of 5 × 10−16 for 0.1s < τ < 10 s. Designed with the background of combining the cavity setup with a molecular iodine spectroscopy unit into a hybrid lock, both are briefly explained and followed up with a simulation of the hybrid-lock's expected performance. The short-term stability of the hybrid lock is shown to be comparable to the standalone performance of the cavity while having long-term stability on the order of current passive H-Masers.


The binary phase grating with the modulated pitch is investigated for a simple displacement encoder. The index grating consists of a binary phase grating to eliminate the zero-th order diffraction and the pitch of the grating is modulated to compensate the higher harmonics of the encoder displacement signal. Therefore, an undistorted sinusoidal signal as a function of displacement is obtained by simply superimposing a conventional binary amplitude scale grating on the modulated pitch phase gratings with any air gap between the gratings. The characteristics of the proposed gratings and the encoder signal are investigated by the Fresnel diffraction theory. The proposed grating was fabricated lithographically and the signal was examined experimentally. Considering these results, this method can reduce interpolation error and will be effective for an encoder in precision machining.


The main objective of developing an image watermarking technique is to satisfy both imperceptibility and robustness requirements. To achieve this objective, a hybrid image watermarking scheme based on discrete wavelet transform and singular value decomposition is proposed in this paper. In our approach, the edge information of an image is used to embed the watermark. In addition, we apply the particle swarm optimization algorithm to search the proper value of scaling factor which is used to determine the watermark strength. Experimental results are provided to illustrate the proposed approach is able to withstand a variety of image processing attacks.


The products of reaction of H2CCH(OR) with RuH(Cl)L2 (L = PiPr3) and RuH(CO)L2+ (L = PtBu2Me) are RuH(Cl)(C(OR)Me)L2 and Ru(CO)(CH2CH2OR)L2+, respectively. Spectroscopic data and X-ray analysis (R = Me, B[C6H3(CF3)2]4 salt, hemi(pentane) solvate) reveal the presence, in the latter, of a β-alkoxy ethyl ligand with a Ru−O bond. DFT (B3PW91) calculations show that the observed products correspond to the thermodynamic preference.


Ten closely-located kettle-hole ponds in northern Sweden were ordered along a vegetational, successional gradient from the present-day representation of the six vegetational units distinguished. Different rates of vegetational development caused by differences in depths of basins have made possible the long-term existence of early successional stages. A fact that has offered the possibility of studying most of the vegetational succession of these habitats.

The number of water beetle species inhabiting each pond were correlated to successional stage and area of pond. Mean species numbers decreased from 34 to 14 per pond with increasing maturity of the vegetational succession. This decrease in species richness of water beetles is caused by a decrease in number of habitats or vegetational units present. The increased floral conformity is mainly due to a more stable water-level caused by lower rates of bottom seepage from the accumulation of organic deposits. Besides the extended zonation of littoral vegetation, a high water-amplitude is also connected with recurrent nutrient pulses caused by the faster detritus composition during drought periods. Thus the changing water-levels contribute to a high water beetle diversity through the maintenance of both a high habitat complexity and a high production.

A positive correlation between pond size and number of water beetle species were only found if the fen ponds were excluded. From this it is concluded that the area effect is here a good predictor of species richness only within ponds of a similar successional stage.


AIMS
The purpose of this review is to help the nurse leader develop an understanding of the five generations currently in the health care workforce by providing defining characteristics, general behaviours, and strategies for the nurse manager to employ for each generational cohort.

BACKGROUND
Generations are groups of people born during the same 15-20 year time period who share similar experiences before adulthood, which shape long-term behaviours. Key descriptors and characteristics are provided.

EVALUATION
The current generational cohorts in the health care workforce are Traditionalists (born between 1922 and 1945), baby boomers (born between 1946 and 1964), Generation X (born between 1965 and 1979), millennials (born between 1980 and 1995), and Generation Z (born after 1995).

KEY ISSUES
Health care teams often comprise members of three or more generations. Intergenerational differences in team members can result in challenges; however, different perspectives provided by multiple generations can be used advantageously to strengthen the team's efficiency and outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS
There are strengths in each generation. Key differences can be harnessed to build stronger teams through comprehensive communication strategies, customized reward systems, and workplace flexibility. Examples are provided for each area.

IMPLICATIONS
Managers can use intergenerational differences to create a rich environment that bridges generational differences and fosters workforce cohesion.


Cutaneous leishmaniasis is endemic in tropical and subtropical regions, due to the varied clinical protests, including a lump of skin and mucosal tissue to destroy it as a treat disease. In this study, the effect of cold atmospheric plasma on Cutaneous Leishmaniasis was investigated. Plasma device that used in this study was created from the electrical discharge ICP (Inductive Coupled Plasma), we use standard strain of L. major and after treatment by cold atmospheric plasma cells was counted. The result shows a significant reduction in cells witch treated by cold atmospheric plasma.


This is a review of nature (genetics) vs. nurture (environment in several genetically based conditions of the brain and nervous system. In the medical literature on twins similar symptoms and progression of the diseases are described as concordant. Symptoms that differ among identical twins are described as discordant. If a genetic condition like Huntington's disease is 100 percent influenced by genetics, then one would expect all Huntington's symptoms to be concordant. If some symptoms are discordant then they are attributed to the environment. Ways to describe these environmental factors include: non-genetic factors, epigenetics, nurture, stochastic (patterns that can't be predicted), pre and post-natal environment, lifestyle, and nutrition. These environmental factors are slightly different or hugely different even for identical twins. The environmental factors, especially lifestyle and nutrition are the factors most influenced by brain health coaches and complementary and alternative medicine practitioners. The literature supports the idea that even in Mendelian disorders (conditions that are thought of as primarily influenced by genetics) the environment, lifestyle, and nutrition can make large differences in the symptom picture and quality of life.


einhard Wiener's film is a hapax that documentary filmmakers have reduced to a mere figurative signal of the concept of "Holocaust by bullets". It has become unreadable. The combination of viewing and knowing, by restoring the film as a singular object giving to see a particular event, can restore its legibility and visibility.


The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and risk factors associated with Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) in dogs. A retrospective descriptive study was carried out at the Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Husbandry, Sinaloa Autonomous University. From January 2006 to December 2014, a total of 108 cytological samples obtained through Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy and stained with Papanicolaou were selected. Fifty two additional samples from skin biopsies of dogs embedded in paraffin and stained with Hematoxilyn-Eosin, were also selected. Information concerning the following variables was collected: age, gender, anatomical location of presentation, coat color and breed. The study showed that in Culiacan the frequency of SCC in dogs with cutaneous neoplasia was 20%. It was also found that the associated risk factors were as follows: white coat, prepuce as anatomical location, male gender, Bull terriers as for breed and two to four years old. This study agrees with results from other authors, who have also found similar results as for coat color, anatomical location and breed. However, with respect to the variable age, it was noticed that dogs were younger, compared to those previously reported with SCC.


The development of fish biomarkers can be a powerful tool in assessing the status and trends of contaminants in estuaries, as well as the effectiveness of ongoing and future source control/cleanup. The goal of this research was to examine a suite of biomarkers and develop those that can provide an integrated measure of contaminant exposure from multiple contaminants including endocrine disruptors and provide a gauge of estuarine/marine water quality and ecosystem health. Mummichog or killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus), a common and abundant species, was collected from five sites including Newark Bay, Piles Creek, Sandy Hook, Union Beach and Tuckerton, New Jersey (NJ) for this study. These sites were selected to represent a contaminant gradient with elevated concentrations in Newark Bay to the reference location at Tuckerton. In addition, preliminary sampling was carried out examining biomarkers in White Perch (Morone americana) from the Delaware River, Hackensack River, Passaic River and near Tuckerton, NJ. Biomarkers included external examinations, blood parameters, organ to body weight ratios, histopathology, and biochemical endpoints. Vitellogenin concentrations were examined as a biomarker of endocrine disruption in both species. The results support the need to conduct both classical toxicological evaluations (histopathology, organ to body weight ratios) along with biochemical endpoints (CYP1A1, metallothionein, vitellogenin) as biomarkers. The use of micronuclei was not found to be reliable as a biomarker, due in part to interference from cytosolic parasites and very low occurrence. Additional sampling and research is warranted due to the detection of neoplasms (i.e., tumors) in the livers of fish from several locations with nominally low levels of contamination. The biomarkers most useful in evaluating the health of the organisms include grossly visible lesions (external and internal), standard hematology (hematocrit, blood smears), standard body morphometrics, histopathology, biochemical endpoints (CYP1A1, vitellogenin) and bile fluorescence (specific polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PAHs]). White perch is an appropriate biomarker species due to the number of biomarkers that can be successfully used on this species, as well as its widespread occurrence in estuarine areas of the state. Integrated Biomarkers for Assessing the Exposure and Effects of Endocrine Disruptors and Other Contaminants on Marine/Estuarine Fish Introduction Environmental measurements using fish (i.e., biomarkers) are an acceptable and recognizable indicator to the public and regulatory community. Use of biomarkers can provide an integrated measure of contaminant exposure from multiple contaminants, and provide an indicator of estuarine/marine water quality and ecosystem health. These relatively low-cost indicators are extremely sensitive measures of contaminant exposure and represent the cumulative impact of all inducing chemicals, whether or not they are detected analytically in the water column. Measurement of accepted biomarkers in two fish species from NJ's waters were used to provide an integrated measure of exposure and bioavailability of toxic contaminants to the fish community. Both exposure/effect biomarkers (i.e., ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase [EROD] activity) and reproductive biomarkers (i.e., vitellogenin) were used. The EROD (enzyme induction) biomarker assesses exposure and potentially the effects of PCBs, PAHs, and dioxins/furans. Measurement of reproductive biomarkers (i.e., vitellogenin) can assess the exposure and effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals. The feasibility of other biomarkers was also assessed, including metallothioniens (metal exposure). The main objectives of this study were: 1. To develop a battery of biomarkers that can be used to evaluate fish health, which will correlate with levels and classes of toxic compounds in the estuary, and as an indicator of estuarine/marine water quality and ecosystem health. 2. To begin to establish a baseline data set concerning these biomarkers for comparison with


Resolution limitations in the mask making process can cause differences between the features that appear in a database and those printed to a reticle. These differences may result from intentional or unintentional features in the database exceeding the resolution limit of the mask making process such as small gaps or lines in the data, line end shortening on small sub-resolution assist features etc creating challenges to both mask writing and mask inspection. Areas with high variance from design to mask, often referred to as high MEEF areas (mask error enhancement factor), become highly problematic and can directly impact mask and device yield, mask manufacturing cycle time and ultimately mask costs. Specific to mask inspection it may be desirable to inspect certain non-critical or non-relevant features at reduced sensitivity so as not to detect real, but less significant process defects. In contrast there may also be times where increased sensitivity is required for critical mask features or areas. Until recently, this process was extremely manual, creating added time and cost to the mask inspection cycle. Shifting to more intelligent and automated inspection flows is the key focus of this paper. A novel approach to importing design data directly into the mask inspection to include both MDP generated MRC errors files and LRC generated MEEF files. The results of recently developed inspection and review capability based upon controlling defect inspection using design aware data base control layers on a pixel basis are discussed. Typical mask shop applications and implementations will be shown.


Osteoporosis is characterised by an uncoupling of bone formation and resorption resulting in a net reduction in bone density. Stem cells derived from bone marrow in osteoporotic patients typically contain more adipocytes,. Intermittent Parathyroid hormone (iPTH), has been shown to cause the preferential differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to osteoblasts. We isolated rat bone marrow derived MSCs, investigating the effect of iPTH on adipocyte differentiation. MSCs were harvested from the femora of 6–10week oldWT rats and cultured to induce adipogenesis for 21 days. Subsequently, cells were continually cultured in adipogenic media, osteogenic media or in osteogenic media supplemented with PTH 1–34 either continuously or intermittently for 6hours in every 72hour cycle. ALP and Alizarin Red assessed osteogenic differentiation, and Oil Red O used to assess intracellular microdroplet formation. A student t-test was used to analyse results, and a p value Quantitatively measurements of Alizarin Red staining significantly increased in all adipocytes grown in osteogenic media compared to the cells continually cultured in adipogenic media. Calcium phosphate deposition continued to increase significantly in these groups up to day 14. At day 14, Alizarin Red staining from cells cultured in iPTH were significantly higher than osteogenic media alone. ALP expression was significantly higher for cells cultured in osteogenic media and iPTH compared to adipogenic media at days 3–14. Expression peaked at day 7, at this timepoint cells cultured in iPTH expressed significantly more ALP than other groups. Oil Red O measurements were significantly reduced from days 7–14 for all osteogenic groups, this significance was greatest for the iPTH group at day 7. iPTH increased the transdifferentiation of adipocytes derived from MSCs into osteoblasts, this effect was most significant after 7 days. Ultimately, the role of iPTH on adipocytes may lead to improved bone formation with many orthopaedic applications.


Role of agronomic and bread-making practices in sourdough microbial diversity and bread nutritional and organoleptic properties. 7. international symposium on sourdough


Renewable energy resources, which are generally unstable, affect the performance of electricity grids when they are fully connected. A distributed energy supply network system is expected to compensate for the anticipated performance problems. We have constructed a distributed autonomous system that controls batteries installed in each house. In this system, even if central control does not exist, electrical charging and discharging of the batteries are carried out for self‐organization. As a result, the grid stability is maintained in the local urban district. Our system is based on the Turing pattern model. © 2013 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


A novel Schiff's base have been synthesized by reaction between ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) derivatives with (2-methoxyaniline, 4-bromoaniline, 4-amino antipyrine) are successfully prepared to obtain six Schiff's base through the reaction of the aldehyde group with compounds containing the amine group as a catalyst glacial acetic acid in ethanol under reflux in good yield (78–92%), the prepared compounds were characterized by were synthesized and characterized by (FT-IR) and 1HNMR, 13C spectroscopy, elemental analysis. The aim of this study is to use cheap EDTA to synthesize Schiff bases, which are thought to have effective biologic and antibacterial properties.


Analysis of the reliability of estimation of mineral raw materials reserves and a comparison with exploitation results One of the virtually most important problems connected with the method of estimating mineral raw material reserves, on which the success of mining enterprises strongly depends, is the reliability of estimating their and valuable components ́ mass, including determinant parameters. Theoretically, the only objective criterion is a comparison between the mass estimates of reserves and their parameters and the results of exploitation. According to the existing knowledge, the reliability of the estimation of reserves depends mainly on the accepted geological model of the deposit body and the used method of the estimation as well. At the selection of methodology of reserves estimation and its practical applications it is necessary to respect both the natural character and specific features of the detailed geological structure of the deposit body and the character of statistical and spatial variability and mutual relations of morphometric and qualitative variables that are decisive in reserves estimation. In the paper, the stated problems are analysed; the polymetallic pyrite ore deposit of Horní Benešov being given as an example.


The phenomena of surgical shock have been familiar to clinicians and laymen for many centuries, and have been clinically studied and classified by many of the ancient as well as modern surgeons. There is a general agreement as to its symptomatology and etiology. Much data pertaining to the pathological physiology have been accumulated. The symptoms of shock consist of a large variety of altered physiological functions; as an example, a railway train runs down a trespasser. He is mangled, frightened; he has lost no blood; he is in shock. The cause and the phenomena are familiar. The blood pressure is low, the respiration shallow, the muscles relaxed, the skin pale, cold, and moist, the intellect impaired. There has, in short, occurred a widespread change in the function of a large part of the cerebrospinal axis. What, if any, physical change has occurred in the nerve tissue composing the part of the cerebro-spinal axis whose functions are thus altered? The cases that survive recover gradually, the blood pressure regaining the normal after many hours. The ultimate restoration of all the functions to the normal may require weeks or months, or even years. Are there no physical lesions associated with the


Researchers provide an annual update on ACM Publications finances, following up on their initial report published in the May 2020 issue of Communications of the ACM. This report summarizes income and expenses for the 2020 calendar year. Specific notes explain significant changes between 2019 and 2020. There are several key themes that cut across the various categories, such as the COVID-19 pandemic and its consequences, digital Library development, transition to ACM Open is a five-year effort, and improved financial reporting. The report revealed that total publications income remained essentially flat from 2019. 2020 ACM Open income has come from 35 institutions in Germany, Ireland, the Netherlands, Saudi Arabia, the UK, and the US.


The present invention relates to an acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive composition, an acrylic adhesive and an optical member with an adhesive layer. The acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive composition for forming the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, the adhesive layer is suitable for a liquid crystal display device such as a polarizing plate, the polarizing plate can prevent the phenomenon of blank generation due to stretching. An acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive composition, which comprises a Mw of 1,000,000 to 2,500,000 in the first (meth) acrylate polymer (A), Mw of 20,000 to 150,000 of the second (meth) acrylate polymer (B) and an isocyanate crosslinking agent (C), wherein (1) the second (meth) acrylate polymer (B) is a (meth) acrylate monomer unit having a hydroxyl group-containing triblock copolymer, the content of (2) the second (meth) acrylate polymer (B) with respect to 100 parts by mass of the first (meth) acrylate polymer (a) is less than 40 parts by mass, and (3) the gel fraction of pressure-sensitive adhesive formed from the adhesive composition is 40% or more.


MmWave communication is a promising communication technique of future 5G system. Large bandwidth and high directional gain are the two advantages of mmWave communication solutions. High directional gain leads the usage of massive units. The system maintenance and status management play more and more important role in future wireless communication systems and contribute higher operation cost than before. In our paper we proposed a fault finding and location methods based on two deep neural network (DNN) with different complexity, the simple network is designed to fault finding with low cost, the other precision network start to fault location when the former one has detected the faults. Simulation results show that our network can work well at low SNR region without manual inspection involved, thus the operation cost is reduced.


Validity studies are a crucial part of any assessment program. For admissions tests, predictive validity evidence is commonly collected at the program level and aggregated by computing the mean or median validity coefficients across all programs. This approach documents overall test validity at the program level. However, in order to assess validity for groups, such as those formed by language, citizenship, or culture, investigations of validity at the examinee level would be more appropriate. However, the existence of program effects can make this approach problematic. This paper examines and compares estimating validity by meta-analyzing study-level results and compares the approach with combining data and assessing validity at the individual level. Alternate approaches are examined to account for program effects such as standardizing outcome measures, dummy coding for programs, and hierarchical linear modeling. The results of this study can help identify preferred methodologies for investigating cultural differences using large data sets aggregated across institutions. Validity studies are conducted to demonstrate a relationship between performance on an assessment and the specified outcomes or purposes of that particular evaluation method. Ideally, a validity study would be conducted in every situation and for every population for which the test scores might be used. In practice, several situations or possible populations cannot be studied thoroughly because of limitations with sample size. In these cases, it is assumed that validity will generalize to similar situations based on meta-analytic results from previous studies. However, if a population, or subgroup of a population, has not been evaluated in previous studies, then no validity evidence exists for that group. As a result, any potential bias that might result from using the test to draw inferences about that particular population has not been determined. For instance, the validity of a given test administered in English may differ if the examinee's native language is not English. Is it sufficient to compare validity for the native and non-native English groups, or might there be additional differences depending on the specific native tongue of the examinee? A number of non-U.S. schools use admission tests developed in the United States and administered in English. The Graduate Management Admission Test® (GMAT®) exam is an example. Although developed in the United States, this exam is used for programs around the world, and approximately 45% of examinees are not U.S. citizens (GMAC®, 2005). Because of the number of native languages that might be present, it would be difficult to conduct a separate validity study for each language represented in any one program. However, if data from that program could be combined with data from other programs, there may be enough cases to evaluate potential differential validity and differential prediction by native language groups. In the case of admissions testing, hundreds of validity studies are conducted to ensure that the test scores are related to later performance in the program to which the individual has applied. Oftentimes, validity coefficients and regression lines are used to evaluate the validity of admissions test scores for selecting students that will be successful in a graduate or undergraduate program (Young, 2001). Because of the wealth of data available on different programs, generalizability to different situations can be established. However, less information is available when generalizing validity results to different student populations. As with the previous example, large groups can be analyzed and examined for differential validity and differential prediction; however, smaller groups are Validity by Combining Examinees, Talento-Miller, Rudner, & Owens © 2006 Graduate Management Admission Council®. All rights reserved. 2 generally combined even though there may be more variability within the group than between groups. There have been several methods used to combine study data or individual data to summarize validity for a test. Meta-analyses generally use mean or weighted-mean study results, as demonstrated in Kuncel, Crede, and Thomas (2004), or median study values, such as those reported in Talento-Miller and Rudner (2005). Because validity is program specific, average program-level (PL) results would be the best indicator of the expected validity of a test. The ideal measure for a group, such as a specific language or citizenship group, would be the mean or median PL validity computed just on the data of the target group in each program. As previously stated, this is impractical for many groups in most programs. Some studies combine data at the individual level to assess validity for smaller groups, but recognizing differences at the program level, attempt to compensate using different methods. Many methods include adjustments to grades as the success criteria to obtain more accurate prediction and allow for comparisons across programs (Young, 1993). For instance, Braun and Szatrowksi (1984) developed a strategy for combining universal criteria from similar institutions to adjust grades and more accurately reflect performance. The scale-linkage algorithm uses data collected from students who applied and were accepted to the same two schools but attended only one of the schools. Data on performance in the attended program and admission criteria, such as undergraduate grades, were used to adjust for grading differences at the two institutions and allow for data to be combined universally and validity to be estimated across institutions. Sireci and Talento-Miller (2006) also combined data across programs to analyze gender groups and different racial/ethnic categories. Recognizing that differences may exist in grading standards across the various programs, the outcome variable—first-year grades—was standardized within school before conducting the analyses. Although this method helps to equalize variance in grades across programs, it does not control for other systematic differences among programs. Talento-Miller (2006) went one step further and not only standardized grades within school but also added program effect in the model by dummy coding the programs and including the variables in the prediction equations. Because only six programs were studied, the addition of the five dummy variables still allowed for robust analyses with the sample size available. A recent study by Brown and Zwick (2006) accounted for the multilevel nature of the data by using hierarchical linear modeling to analyze the validity of admission factors across several schools. This more complicated methodology, however, does not provide an easy method for estimating the magnitude of the validity coefficient, and models were instead compared by differences in variance components. The purpose of this study was to compare methods summarizing PL validity results to methods examining validity assessed at the individual level (IL). If individual data can be used without introducing systematic unexplained variance, then studies can be conducted analyzing validity for small groups by combining data across multiple situations.


It is shown that D = 4 N = 1 SUSY Yang-Mills theory with an appropriate supermultiplet of matter can be twisted on compact K¨ahler manifold. The conditions of cancellation of anomalies of BRST charge are found. The twisted theory has an appropriate BRST charge. We find a non-trivial set of physical operators defined as classes of the cohomology of this BRST operator. We prove that the physical correlators are independent on external K¨ahler metric up to a power of a ratio of two Ray-Singer torsions for the Dolbeault cohomology complex on a K¨ahler manifold. The correlators of local physical operators turn out to be independent of anti-holomorphic coordinates defined with a complex structure on the K¨ahler manifold. However a dependence of the correlators on holomorphic coordinates can still remain. For a hyperk¨ahler metric the physical correlators turn out to be independent of all coordinates of insertions of local physical operators.


The utility model provides a seal ring tester for sour gas field, comprising a high temperature high pressure autoclave with a rotation shaft, wherein an internal bolt is arranged in the high temperature high pressure autoclave and can rotate along with the rotation shaft, the internal bolt is used as a central shaft, at least three layers of discs, at least six layers of convex discs and at least three layers of circular plate laminated compression clamps are arranged on the internal bolt from up to down in turn in a sheathing type. The tester is mainly used for checking the corrosion resistance and sealing performance of a seal ring in high temperature high pressure H2S condition. In the tester, the constant compression permanent deformation, the corrosion test, the tests in gas phase and liquid phase of a seal ring can be synchronously processed under dynamic conditions, and the deformation can be simulated under actual mine condition.


N ew causes of action in tort law do not simply emerge, fully grown, like Athena from the head of Zeus. They develop as a result of a struggle between older case law on the one hand and the need t o respond to an emerging problem on the other. This metamorphosis can be seen in many areas of jurisprudence, but most notably in the fields of products liability and medical malpractice litigation. Theexplosion in products liability litigation,for example, is linked in part to the vastly increased proliferation of a variety of consumer goods and to new forms of marketing mechanisms for selling these goods, so that consumers are exposed to a wider range of risks.' Medical malpractice litigation in the "wrongful lifel'area similarly reflects not only a change in social values toward abortion, but also changes in the perceived ability of medicine to detect and predict defects in the unborn fetus or the likelihood of such defects based upon the genetic history of the potential parents. Wrongful life suits involve a claim by the child, his parents, or both, that the child should never have been born. Three basic categories of suits have emerged: "stigmatized life" suits, alleging a stigmatized status-illegitimacy-as the result of the father's failure to marry the mother before or after the child was born;* "unwanted life" suits, in which a healthy but unwanted child is born, due to a failure of contraception or sterilization;) and "diminished life" suits, in which the


In this paper an artificial modular system applied to object classification in brain MR images is presented. It consists of two modules based on neural architectures joined in sequence to perform first an image segmentation and then an object classification. For these two steps a Self Organizing Map and a Multilayer Perceptron trained with the Back-Propagation learning rule have been used. The objective of the system is the automatic recognition of the anatomic structures in MR images of the cerebral section passing through the orbits and the visual pathways. To reach this goal we have submitted the two networks to a training phase realized by an unsupervised process for the image segmentation and by a supervised process for regions labelling. This last step has been based on topographic relations supplied by a medical expert. The system has been useful to discriminate 20 different classes of anatomic objects over the considered section. Preliminary results are presented.


Abstract ShellBond is a patented material derived from high temperature treatment of calcareous materials, including oyster shells, yielding a unique form of calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2. Previous work with ShellBond showed effects on ammonium and phosphate concentrations in natural waters as well as significant effects on phytoplankton biomass measured as chlorophyll a. The ability of oyster ShellBond to regulate phytoplankton growth in natural waters was investigated in laboratory experiments in order to determine the likely mechanism of action. Experimental investigation of indirect ShellBond effects on phytoplankton growth mediated by effects on nutrient availability (as ammonium and phosphate) revealed no evidence for a plausible mechanism. The direct effect of ShellBond on the pH of the medium was sufficient, however, to suggest that ShellBond acted to limit availability of dissolved CO2 to primary producers; ShellBond amendments at 200 mg L−1 were sufficient to raise pH to >10.5. Dose-response experi...


Solid acids such as ceria, zirconia, ceria-zirconia, sulphated-ceria and sulphated-ceria-zirconia (SCZ) have been prepared by impregnation method and characterized by NH3-TPD for surface acidity, powder XRD for crystallinity and IR spectroscopy for functionality. Liquid phase transesterification of benzyl alcohol (BA) with dimethyl malonate (DMM) has been carried out in presence of these solid acid catalysts. Dibenzylmalonate (DBM) has been obtained as a major transester product. Various parameters such as reaction time, weight of catalyst, molar ratio of reactants and reaction temperature have been varied to obtain highest transester yield. Highest transester yield (88%) was obtained in presence of SCZ catalyst at a molar ratio of DMM:BA = 1:5, reaction time of 3 h and a temperature of 140 C. Kinetic experiments confirm that SCZ catalytic system was efficient and facile.


In nuclear spectroscopy conversion electrons have been counted with energies as low as 20 kv arising from an excitation process having a cross section of the order of 10−34 (cm2). The special requirements of counters for such purposes are reviewed and a description is given of several self‐quenching counters which have proven useful in a study of nuclear spectra. A simple and rapid method of filling these counters is also described.


Weirs are used for passing flood in dams.Arced weir is a part of a circle that increases the crest length for a given channel width that increases the discharge capacity of the existing spillways. In this research, first the modeling of arced sharp crested weir in different degrees and heads with Flow3D was done. To validate carried out numerical modeling , agreement of discharge coefficient obtained from simulations compared with experimentally results. In the next step ,by adding a straight length to the side of first models , the effect of upstream head on hydraulic Performance of arced weirs investigated by drawing stramlines in different levels and flow pattern .Exclusively , The results indicate this , which Best option to increase performance of straight sharp-crested spillway (0 degree) in lower flow heads is adding side length to this weir ,which In addition to increasing the flow capacity, Increases the discharge coefficient In the optimal way and improves the distribution of the side lines of the reservoir in the corners of this weir. On the contrary Adding long side length to arced weir with a high angle arc (180-degree) has No significant impact on spillway performance and actually, will impose additional costs on the executive. In general, similar to hydraulic of arced weirs Increasing the angle of the arced spillway with straight wing faces Increases the dimensions of the flow stack phenomenon and reduces the discharge coefficient and overflow efficiency.


The service environment of modern libraries changes in pace with the quick development of the technology of computer network,multi-medium and information expressway.This article analyses the due transformation of the service ideas,and puts forward some conceptions of forms in service to comply with the change in order to provide refˉerence for the fellow librarians in information service.


In a rapid rural appraisal conducted in 2012 in the Senegalese Sahel, agropastoralists of Thiel 6 expressed their need for technical and scientific support in peanut value chain development. 7 Value chain analysis assessed the performance of the stakeholders. Multiple correspondence 8 analysis clarified power relationships among them. Social network analysis facilitated the 9 understanding of social and technical relationships inside the particular node of 10 agropastoralists. Results show that the peanut crop is both a source of cash flow (marketing) 11 and a pillar of food (basic consumption) and feed (by-products) security. This paper also 12 highlights a lack of convenient economic environments, mutual assistance, capacity transfer 13 and knowledge sharing on the best agricultural practices among agropastoralists, despite their 14 weak production performance. Agropastoralists have no influence in the peanut value chain 15 and are dependent on decisions from other actors. Technical support and knowledge sharing 16 appear to be key for agropastoralists to control and adopt agricultural innovations. 17


This paper shows that the magnetrons are widely used microwave sources due to advantages of low cost and high efficiency. Two- and three-dimensional simulation studies have been performed on the A6 relativistic magnetron developed at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Experimental and simulation reports of magnetic priming effects for microwave oven magnetron and relativistic magnetrons have been published. It investigated the frequency tunable A6 relativistic magnetron with metal tuner. Inductive tuning is accomplished by inserting conducting rods axially into the resonators in regions where the RF magnetic field is high. In this paper, we discuss the operating characteristics of a frequency tunable relativistic magnetron by the use of a three dimensional PIC code and MAGIC3D.


Background.  Patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) are often asymptomatic. Angiogenesis is implicated in the physiology of vascular repair and cardiac remodelling, and is one of many pathophysiological processes implicated in heart failure. We hypothesized that plasma indices associated with angiogenesis [angiogenin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and angiopoietin (Ang)‐1 and Ang‐2] would be abnormal in CAD patients with LVSD, being correlated with EF and wall motion abnormalities (wall motion score) independently of underlying CAD (coronary atheroma score). We also evaluated the specificity of angiogenic 'biomarkers' in their detection of LVSD [ejection fraction (EF) <40%] amongst CAD patients.


Objective To report the methods and results of the surgical treatment of anterior sacroiliac fusion for sacroiliac dislocation.Methods Twenty one patients were treated by anterior sacroiliac fusion with internal fixation and autograft bones.Results 21 cases with sacroiliac dislocation were treated by sacroiliac fusion from anterior approach.The follow up about 10~24 months(mean 12.5 months) proved that,all the patients can walk and back to their normal life.17 cases of them were with no pain,however,other 4 with mild pain.No complications happened,such as dislocation.Conclusions The surgical treatment of anterior sacroiliac fusion can maintain the stability of sacroiliac joint.This treatment is simply-operated,effective and reliable.


This paper briefly discusses three important components of corporate standardization system and their functions and how such a system can be used in corporate management and administration. It also offers certain solutions and suggestions to some of the existing problems in the process of implementing corporate standardization system.


This research examined the relationship between national identity and racial-ethnic stereotypes by analyzing the data of the Japanese college students.The result showed ethnic stereotype and ingroup favoritism were apparent.Besides,the interaction between national identity and the image of people of different country was significant.The result suggested that the people with high national identity made a higher evaluation to their own people than whom with low national identity.The definition of the concept of national identity and the way to measure stereotype should be investigated further in the future.


The article deals with the theoretical aspects of the readiness content for managerial activities of the cadets of military institutes. Based on the results of the study, the authors have revealed the essence and structure of readiness of the cadets to the military units management, as well as justification for the recommendations covering the optimization of its formation process.


Event-based camera (EBC) technology shows promise for efficient capture of spatio-temporal information, producing a sparse data stream and enabling consideration of nontraditional data processing solutions (e.g., new algorithms, neuromorphic processors). Given the fundamental difference in camera architecture, the EBC response and noise behavior differ considerably compared to standard CCD/CMOS framing sensors. These differences necessitate development of new characterization techniques to quantify performance and assess if the EBC technology produces benefits relative to traditional imaging sensors. Here we present progress on development of basic sensor performance modeling and test capabilities for commercial-off-the-shelf visible EBCs. Laboratory characterization techniques include noise level as a function of static scene light level (termed background activity) and EBC temporal contrast response to dynamic signals. Initial environmental tests of the Prophesee PPS3MVCD event-based sensor found several addressable areas of concern but identified no showstoppers that would prevent use of this device in a high-reliability aerospace application. Two independent radiation tolerance test efforts, one for the PPS3MVCD and another for the iniVation DAVIS346 EBC (both based on 180 nm CMOS technology), indicate functional issues for total ionizing dose (TID) of greater than 30 krad(Si), and show background activity increasing with TID. However, no significant change in contrast response was observed. One DAVIS346 exhibited functional failure following final gamma radiation dose from 20 krad(Si) to 50 krad(Si), and the readout saturated during doses dominated by negative-polarity events (by a factor of 10 or greater). A second DAVIS346 locked-up during proton dose but recovered normal operation following a brief rest period and power cycling. DAVIS346 pixels include both change detection (DVS) and standard grayscale frames (APS) functionalities – driven by a single photodiode; results show a 70% increase in dark current and 23% increase in dark event noise after proton exposure to 20 krad(Si). As new versions of EBC technology are developed for infrared wavelengths, we anticipate these characterization techniques will be largely translatable to IR EBCs.


Review of: Alluring Monsters: The Pontianak and Cinemas of Decolonization, Rosalind Galt (2021)
 New York: Columbia University Press, 312 pp.,
 ISBN 978-0-23120-133-9, p/bk, $35.00


Abstract An assessment was made of the 120-h predictions by the medium range forecast (MRF) run of the National Meteorological Center's (NMC's) global spectral model. The ability of the model to forecast surface cyclones and anticyclones was evaluated and compared to shorter range (48 h) forecasts by the NMC Nested Grid Model (NGM) verifying at the same time. The study covers a period from 15 April 1991 through 20 December 1991 over a domain extending from 30°N to 50°N and from 60°W to 130°W. Results showed that the MRF at the 120-h range tended to underforecast the frequency of surface cyclones and anticyclones in the Rocky Mountain region and, in general, to forecast anticyclones and cyclones farther away from the observed systems than did the 48-h NGM verifying at the same time. The forecasts for central sea level pressures averaged within 1.5 hPa of the forecasts of pressure by the NGM. Averaged over regions and seasons, the 120-h MRF errors in many cases were statistically indistinguishable from the ...


The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery tools, in particular to a harrow disk rotary blade. The harrow disc rotary blade comprises a circular blade body, wherein the cross section of the blade body takes the shape of an arc; blades are arranged along the outer periphery of the blade body; arc-shaped notches are formed in the outer periphery of the blade body; a plurality of reinforcing ribs encircle the circle center of the blade body; a mounting hole is formed in the circle center of the blade body; the width of each blade is 10-20 mm. According to the invention, the design is reasonable, the soil breaking ability is high, the possibility of breakage is low and the agricultural production efficiency is improved simultaneously.


The detection of rubella haemagglutination inhibiting antibody, in the IgM fraction of the serum, on gel filtration through Sephadex G 200, needs precautions to exclude false results. Treatment with dithiothreitol is a satisfactory method for confirming the content of rubella IgM antibody. The failure of MnCl2-heparin pretreatment to remove non specific inhibitors of rubella hemagglutinin is unfrequent (7/108) and so do be repeated. Rarely (1/108) aggregated IgG fractionates with IgM and yield false positive results.


Regarding the common problem that most of the enterprises would do some light treatment to the surface of the nontreatment cot before spinning,analysis is done to the essential and the hotness developing the treatment free cot.Highlight is given to the details probing into the development of the tube NFR-865 regarding the entangling mechanism,direction optimization and selection.Conclusion is made in conjunction with analysis of the new cot performance and the test data that the cot NFR-865is good in anti-entangling peformance and the popular spinnability,especially in producing yarn with medium or small count with higher spinning quality,thus in conformity with the requirement of the treatment free technology.Realization is done of the surface treatment free of the domestic cot.


Recently, a quantum leap has been achieved in the analysis of DNA and proteins through the advent of the biochip technology. This technology is a product of a broad interdisciplinary approach combining biochemical analysis, semiconductor manufacturing and computer software. Biochips can be defined as miniaturized ordered arrays of macro molecules or pieces thereof that are immobilized in a precise spatial manner on support media and can be used in highly automated, large-scale and high-throughput fashion to analyze biological material. The biochip can be used in a wide variety of areas related to basic research and can find versatile applications in almost all areas of human activities connected to biotechnology, medicine, agriculture, and environment monitoring and bioremediation. The power of the technology has already been demonstrated in areas like gene sequencing and proofreading, detection of single-nucleotide mutation and polymorphism, identification of genes, identification of viruses and microorganisms, gene expression analysis, analysis of sequencespecific ligands and proteins, and others.


Recently, concentration of fine and ultra-fine particulate matter(PM) has been increased in KOREA. The increase of PM in KOREA is due to increase of domestic industries and yellow dust from china. PM is known to cause diseases such as dyspnoea, asthma, arrhythmia. Since PM is harmful to human, KOREA Ministry of Environment(ME) warns people to stay indoors when the outdoor PM concentration is high. However, prior studies has shown that indoor PM concentration can be relatively high when outdoor PM concentration is high due to infiltration of PM into buildings though leakage areas. In this study, airtightness, indoor and outdoor pressure difference and PM 2.5 & 10 concentration were measured in an apartment complex to observe PM infiltrating into building. Field measurement was conducted in newly-built apartment buildings to avoid the influence of indoor PM which can be generated by residents. The airtightness test was conducted to identify the leakage areas of the apartment, such as electric outlets and supply/exhaust diffusers. The airtightness test result showed that the air leakage area of the building was dominant in buildings envelop. According to indoor and outdoor pressure difference measurement result and PM concentration measurement result, it can be concluded that outdoor PM can infiltrate into indoor by leakage areas when wind is blown toward the apartment. As a result, pressure difference formed by the external weather condition and architectural characteristics such as the airtightness in building can influence PM to infiltrate into buildings. In further studies, I/O ratio, stack-effect, infiltration and penetration factor will be considered.


Young children are over-represented in run-over backing crashes. As a first step in developing a backing safety system, drivers' responses and backing accelerations were recorded in a field experiment. The results show that backing acceleration encompasses three phases: (1) drivers initially start slowly, (2) reach peak acceleration (3) and continue to accelerate, but at a linear decreasing rate until the desired speed is attained. Additionally, driver response times were much longer than typical response times associated with forward hazards. Drivers also exhibited confusion as evidenced by a rather large variance in response times. On the basis of the findings, optimal detection ranges are offered that could be used to help design a collision warning system when backing.


Zeolitic self-enclosed micro-cavities were successfully fabricated. In the process, a zeolite film was grown on silicon wafer followed by pore activation and wet etching. Etchant molecules diffused through the zeolite pores and etched the silicon underneath. Nitric acid and pyridine were used for the feasibility study of chemical storages and releases using the microcavities. The release of nitric acid was observed by a continuous decrease in pH of DI water for 10minutes whereas the pyridine release was monitored by UV/vis measurement. A control experiment without cavities showed that there was no pH change or measured pyridine in the solution.


The synthesis and activity of a new series of non-steroidal inhibitors of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase that are based on a 1,5-benzodiazepine scaffold are presented. Their inhibitory potential was screened against 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase from the fungus Cochliobolus lunatus (17β-HSDcl), a model enzyme of the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase superfamily. Some of these compounds are potent inhibitors of 17β-HSDcl activity, with IC50 values in the low micromolar range and represent promising lead compounds that should be further developed and investigated as inhibitors of human 17β-HSD isoforms, which are the enzymes associated with the development of many hormone-dependent and neuronal diseases.


Geology-based seismogenic source models are becoming the fundamental input for seismic hazard assessment at the scale of an entire country. In this work, we illustrate in simple steps the complex process that leads from basic data to a fully-fledged seismogenic source model of the Dinaride thrust belt, running along coastal Croatia, Montenegro and part of Albania. We started from a layer of basic geological and structural data and explored a wide range of indicators of recent tectonic activity, such as drainage anomalies/diversions and displaced or warped geological markers. We then analyzed the interplay of these indicators with known or prospective tectonic structures. To the picture thus obtained, we added a layer with a revised historical seismic catalog and selected a few earthquakes for which we re-estimate epicenter and magnitude. At the end of our analyses we combined all these data in a structured GIS database. With these data at hand, we also compared the longer-term indicators with present-day stress/strain data such as GPS velocities and earthquake focal solutions. Following the approach already developed for the construction of the Database of Individual Seismogenic Sources for Italy, we developed a seismogenic source model for the Dinarides in which the better constrained seismogenic faults have been mapped and parameterized and made ready for use in seismic hazard practice. Outline


Avian influenza poses a threat to many species including man, as shown by the current scenario in Southeast Asia. It appears that this particular type of influenza
virus can spread to many species causing severe disease in these new species. For example, from 258 human cases 154 were fatal (WHO, 2006-11-29). Why some avian influenza virus have the ability to infect other species remains to be
understood. One viral gene, coding for the non-structural protein 1 (NS1), appears to be an important factor for successfully transmission into a new host, by counteracting
the new host's immune system. The exact mechanism of action of NS1 is still unclear, but leads to down-regulation of various pathways of the immune defence. The aim of this study was to express NS1 proteins of influenza viruses
originating from different hosts, including highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses, for use in investigations on the mechanism used by NS1 to interfere with the immune system of various hosts. In particular, studies on the interaction of NS1 with the RNA dependent protein kinase (PKR) were initiated, to determine
differences in this interaction between high and low pathogenic influenza viruses from different hosts. By establishing tools and optimised assays, the work enables
further studies on the role NS1 in immune evasion.


The United States intelligence system seems to be in serious trouble. A conglomerate of fifteen agencies or units which successfully fought a variety of battles in the twentieth century from World War II to the Cold War, this system has begun the twenty-first century charged with two major intelligence failures. So far, efforts at its reform to prevent such failures, based on two federally mandated inquiries, have produced some structural change but little real reform. Unfortunately, both presidential direction and congressional legislation, while fixing the way in which the system is managed at the top, have not yet attacked the problems at the working level. Unless some major changes are made, the prospects for overhauling a system mired in old ways of doing things are not very good. It is not hard to see why the 9=11 Commission, which studied the failure surrounding the terrorist attack on the U.S., and the Silberman-Robb Commission, which reviewed the failed analysis regarding the issue of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) in Iraq, would have made recommendations that did not directly address reforms needed at the working level in the intelligence system. Although both commissions took testimony from intelligence professionals at all levels, and engaged some former senior intelligence managers on their staffs, few of the principals had ever actually


Control element part of an operating device, said electrically conductive material is arranged at the top of the control element part and forms a capacitive sensor element for a touch switch, wherein the control element part is formed in two parts with an operating element base and an operating element upper part, wherein the capacitive sensor element is arranged at the top of the operating element upper part and the electrically conductive material is drawn at least one side of the sensor element downwards in the direction of the operating element lower part, wherein the operating member upper and the control element the lower part in the assembled state engage each other and are mutually displaceable to a defined sliding direction toward or away from each other, wherein at least one of the parts a continuous light guiding channel having the direction along the sliding direction, said electrically conductive to a top of the operating element the upper part and elastic Mater ial is injection-molded, characterized in that the operating element lower part has at least one downwardly projecting holding foot for attachment to a component carrier.


C25–C26 chemical derivatives of monensin (1) were prepared: 25-dehydroxymethyl, 25-oxo (2); 25,26-isopropyliden (3); 25-O-methyl (4); 26-O-acyl (5); 26-O-[N-chlorophenyl]carbamoyl (6); and 26-O-[N-chIorophenyl, N-methyl]carbamoyl (7). Measurements of Na+ and K+ extractions in a water/toluene–butanol (70:30) system by these analogs showed the key role of the C[26]H2–OH arm for the stability and selectivity of 1:1 complexes formed by monensin. The antibiotic activity and toxicity in mice were determined in relation to the Na+/K+ cationic affinity.


DC to 4 GHz broadband microwave monolithic GaAs determined SPDT switch 1.7/spl times/1.1/spl times/0.125 mm has been developed. Insertion loss better than 2.2 dB and isolation more than 45 dB have been achieved.


Objective To investigate clinical effect of nedaplatin plus paclitaxel combined concurrent chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods 90 cases with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma were randomly divided into the control group and observation group. The control group were treated with radiotherapy + earlier chemotherapy,and the observation group nedaplatin + paclitaxel combined with concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Both groups adopted intensity-modulated radiation therapy( IMRT). Adverse reactions and survavial rates for 1 year and 2 years were compared. Results There was no difference in adverse reactions between the two groups( P 0. 05). The 1-year and 2-year control rate and distant metastasis rate of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group( P 0. 05),and there were no significant differences in 1-year and 2-year survival rate between the two groups( P 0. 05). Conclusion Toxicity of nedaplatin + paclitaxel combined IMRT in locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma is endurable,and can effectively improve the local cotrol rate and distant metastasis rate,which is wrothy of further clinical application.


With the increasing application of permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSM), the instability of the sensor becomes an important factor that threatens the reliability of the servo system based on it. The research of the sensorless control has reached such a pitch, and the sharp change of load is one of the difficulties. This paper proposes a scheme based on the conservation of momentum to solve the problem. The rotor position is estimated by a convex optimization method during the whole process. With the help of the mechanical equation model, supplemented by the extended Kalman filter (EKF) for data fusion, the speed estimate is obtained. And the momentum conservation theorem is introduced to correct the estimation when the load changes dramatically. Finally, the technology is simulated and verified by taking conveyor as an example.


NASA systems engineers require an accurate assessment of excavator mass, power and energy requirements to correctly design lunar surface systems' overall architecture. In order to properly determine excavator mass and energy for various excavation tasks, we recommend a 5-step process. It starts with selection of appropriate soil that is analogous to lunar regolith. The second step refers to soil preparation methods; the desire is to make the soil's relative density similar to in-situ lunar regolith's relative density. The third step requires measuring excavation forces by deploying instrumented digging end effectors in carefully prepared soil bins and preferably in vacuum. After forces are measured, they need to be scaled for lunar gravity. The scaling factor varies depending on soil properties (cohesion and friction angle) and also on the size of an excavating blade/scoop. Once the forces are scaled they can be used to accurately estimate excavators' parameters for various tasks. This paper describes in detail all of the 5 steps mentioned above.


Discusses the use of total quality management within schools and reflects on the progress it has made in both the United Kingdom and the USA. Argues that the development of a total quality programme must be seen as a long‐term strategy. Cites a case example of a school that successfully implemented a total quality programme.


The goal of the work was to determine the role of immune status indexes as predictors of combined therapy efficacy in patients with chronic HCV infection. During the research immune status indexes have been studied in 114 patients receiving therapy for chronic HCV infections, among them there were 63 (55,26±4,6%) HIV negative drug addicts and 51 patients (44,74±4,6%) infected by HCV by non drug usage. To analyze the findings all patients receiving therapy were divided into two groups: 1) the control group, 2) the experimental group. The groups were formed at random. The study has showed that immune impairment lying at the base of chronic HCV infection pathogenesis plays an important role in the disease course and effects on the efficacy of the treatment. Further studies of immune indexes dynamics in the process of therapy and comparison of the received data with the results of the treatment have allowed us to detect a number of predictors, possessing prospective prognostic value.


An up-to-date review of rural road accident statistics for Iran is presented The review considers sources of accident statistics in Iran and the means by which they are collected. The statistics are considered in relation to accident causal and risk factors. A comparison is made with statistics available for other countries at a similar stage of development and countries with highly developed economies. The statistics for Iran are presented by province to demonstrate within-country variations in statistics due to economic development, population density and other socio- economic variables.


The effect of chemotherapy for treatment of prostatic cancer was studied in two different types of human prostatic tumors grown in nude mice based on growth curves and histological examination. As single agents, cis‐platinum and vincristine showed significant growth inhibition in both strains; cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, Adriamycin, and peplomycin were effective in only one strain, whereas 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU), ACNU, and Estracyt were not effective in either strain, even at relatively high doses.


Confucius'thought about teaching students in accordance with their aptitude not only has inftluenced Chinese ancient education greatly,but also inspires today's P·E lesson.The thought is the fundamental measure and quality guarantee of P·E lessons.\;


Objective:To investigate action mechanism of the electro-acupuncture of Fenglong point adjusting triglyceride in golden hamsters with hyperlipidemia.Methods:Thirty-two healthy male SPF golden hamsters were randomly divided into four groups(n=8 each):normal control group(ordinary diet),model control group(hyperlipidemia model established by high fat diet),electro-acupuncture group(after high fat diet for four weeks,electro-acupuncture of fenglong point given);western medicine group(after high fat diet for four weeks,atorvastatin calcium given).After 4 weeks,TC,TG,LDL-C and HDL-C levels were compared between the normal control group and model control group;After 8 weeks,the fasting blood via the abdominal aorta and the liver tissues were collected in the electro-acupuncture group and western medicine group,and the liver LPL and HL activity was determined.Results:After high fat diet for 4 weeks,TC,TG and LDL-C levels in the model control group were significantly higher(P0.05),while HDL-C levels were significantly lower than in the normal control group(P0.01),suggesting the successful construction of the hyperlipidemia model.After treatment for 8 weeks,LPL/HL activity was higher in electro-acupuncture group than in model control group(P0.05,P0.01),but there was no significant difference between western medicine group and model control group.Conclusion:Electro-acupuncture of fenglong point can adjust the triglyceride metabolism in golden hamsters with hyperlipidemia probably by increasing the LPL and HL activity.


Two sample preparation methods were adopted to digest three different Dai Herbs,and the contents of Arsenic was determined by AFS.Two methods of Dai herbs digestion pretreatment were analyzed and compared.The results showed that microwave ashing digestion method should be the preferable sample digestion method.


Barbara Kennedy has left only a small body of work, consisting principally of eight research papers, nine commentaries and two books. Its extent belies its importance. Read systematically, the work represents a sustained and important critique of the direction taken by mainstream geomorphology since the process‐focused reorientation of the mid‐twentieth century. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Drugs such as diclofenac and celecoxib inhibit cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2 to produce anti-inflammatory benefit, but also produce renal/cardiovascular toxicity by inhibition of constitutive COX-2 in the kidney. During inflammation COX-2 is rapidly induced by well-defined pathways including nuclear factor κB (NFκB) and nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) but it is not known if these also drive physiological renal expression of COX-2. To explore this we compared the distribution of constitutive COX-2 expression with constitutive NFκB and NFAT activity using luciferase reporter mice. COX-2 was highly expressed in the medulla of the kidney. This closely matched a 'hotspot' of constitutive NFAT activity but did not correlate with NFκB activity (Figure A). To determine if constitutive renal COX-2 was driven by this NFAT activity we treated mice with cyclosporine A (CsA) to inhibit calcineurin-dependent NFAT activation. CsA reduced constitutive COX-2 expression in the renal medulla but had no effect on endoto...


Themetabolic fates of the carbonskeletons of L-(U-14C)arginine, proline and glutamic acid were investigated in growing rats fed with diets containing different percentages of protein calories (0, 5, 10, 15 and 30 PC%) at 4100 kcal ofmetabolizable energy per kg of diet. The incorporation of 14C into body protein at 12hr after the injection of 14C-arginine was more than 50% of the dose in all dietary groups, showing a high efficiency of utilization of this amino acid for protein synthesis. The incorporation of 14C into body protein from 14C-proline was most increased in the 15 PC%group, and the values were reduced in rats fed with lower and higher PC%diets. The carbon skeleton of 14C-glutamic acid was extensively oxidized to expired carbon dioxide, and the 14C incorporation into body protein was markedly less. The pattern of expired 14CO2production from each 14C-amino acid was in inverse proportion to that of 14C incorporation into body protein. The results indicate that the metabolic responses of arginine, proline and glutamic acid to dietary protein change at 10 to 15 PC%, where the growth rate reached its approximatemaximum.


This paper provides a review of the relevant literature pertaining to the use of gambits (tactics) in negotiations. The review reveals some problems in the literature as discussed within the framework of Goldstein's model of selection, implementation, evaluation, and feedback. Key problems in the gambit literature include the lack of empirical research on the choice of gambits and the difficulty of measurement of the effectiveness of gambits due to multivariate problems. Implications for future research follow.


In the risk assessment of plant protection products (PPP) towards non-target arthropods no herbivorous insect species (e.g. grasshoppers) are considered. However there is a high possibility of herbivorous insects to be exposed against PPPs. Beside the direct exposure due to contact with the PPP, they are also at risk due to the consumption of contaminated food. Therefore the main objective of this study was to determine potential effects of PPPs on grasshoppers in field margins. A detailed literature research has been conducted followed by a practical research project investigating grasshopper density in field margins of different crop cultures (wine, fruit and cereals). The crop cultures differ in their management and also in the application of PPPs: for the cultivation of fruits and cereals large amounts of insecticides are used, while in the viniculture herbicides are applied predominantly.


The introduction of night vision goggles into the cockpit environment may produce incompatibility with existing cockpit optoelectronic instrumentation. The methodology used to identify the origin of the spurious signal is demonstrated with the example of an electronic display. The amount of radiation emitted by a gray body in the wavelength region of goggle sensitivity is calculated. A simple procedure for preflight testing of cockpit instrumentation using a commercially available infrared camera is recommended. Other recommendations include the specification of cockpit instrumentation for compatibility with night vision devices.


The Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft was launched on Nov. 6, 1996, and was captured into a highly elliptical, 45-h orbit aroundMars with a 973 m/s propulsive maneuver on Sept. 12, 1997. A four-month aerobraking phase was supposed to remove another 1200 m/s to circularize the orbit. Unfortunately, one of the two solar wings was damaged during deployment just after launch when the deployment damper failed. What has happened so far to achieve the original mission objectives is described, and the plans for the future of the Mars Global Surveyor Spacecraft are discussed.


This is the first of a series of papers which will be devoted to t he study of the extendedG-actions on torus manifolds ( M2n, Tn), whereG is a compact, connected Lie group whose maximal torus is Tn. The goal of this paper is to characterize codimension 0 extended G-actions up to essential isomorphism. For technical reason s, we do not assume that torus manifolds are omnioriented. The m ain result of this paper is as follows: a homogeneous torus manifold M2n is (weak equivariantly) diffeomorphic to a product of complex projective spaces Q CP(l ) and quotient spaces of a product of spheres Q S2m =A with standard torus actions, where A is a subgroup of Q Z2 generated by the antipodal involutions on S2m. In particular, if the homogeneous torus manifoldM2n is a compact (non-singular) toric variety or a quasitoric manifold, thenM2n is just a product of complex projective spaces Q CP(l ).


A new method is proposed for the dynamic obstacle avoidance problem of unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) under the international regulations for preventing collisions at sea (COLREGs), which applies the particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO) to the dynamic window approach (DWA) to reduce the optimal trajectory finding the time and improve the timeliness of obstacle avoidance. Meanwhile, a fuzzy control algorithm is designed to dynamically adjust the weight coefficients of the velocity and obstacle distance terms in the cost function of the DWA algorithm to adapt to the changes in the environment. The proposed dynamic obstacle avoidance method is experimentally validated, in which proposed PSO combined with the DWA algorithm (PSO-CCDWA) results in a 42.1%, 11.2% and 28.0% reduction in the navigation time of the USVs in three encounter-situations of COLREGs than that of the classical DWA algorithm (CCDWA) conforming to the conventional COLREGs, respectively. The fuzzy control combined with the DWA algorithm (FUZZY-CCDWA) reduces the distance traveled by 15.8%, 0.9% and 2.8%, respectively, over the CCDWA algorithm in the three encounter scenarios. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed dynamic obstacle avoidance method is further verified in a practical navigation experiment of a USV named "Buffalo".


Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is increasingly utilized for treatment of coronary disease involving the unprotected left main stem (ULMS). However, no studies to date have examined the outcomes of such interventions when complicated by coronary perforation (CP).


A custom flexible, silicone iris prosthesis (CustomFlex, HumanOptics) provides visual and cosmetic improvements for patients with complete or partial aniridia.


Accoding to the property of adhesive used to finger joint lumber, the mainly existing problems about the Chinese polyvinyl acetate emulsion were analyzed. Used cross-linking technology, imported a few reactive function monomer hydroxy propyl ester methyl-acrylic acid (HPMA), and the kinds of accessory ingredient was jointed, the adhesive used to finger joint lumber was developed. Because of the many kinds of complexity factors included resource of materials, costs, and the technique controllability were thinked, so its future will be very wide.


SUMMARY The objective of this study is to explore teachers' and student teachers' perceptions of a framework for education-training in the field of science in early childhood education, in an area where pedagogical science encounters applied aspects of scientific views in early childhood. The research was carried out in two stages: (1) observation of educational practices (N=14) and (2) interviews with teachers and student teachers (N=129). The results suggest that: (1) the process of transformation during preschool teacher education-training programmes, in the field of science, is a necessary precondition for the intervention and support of the curriculum through processes extending the abilities of the children and the critical view of scientific knowledge, (2) the presence of different tendencies in teachers' perceptions necessitates a transformational framework that will synthesise and unify, not isolate. The basic objective of this model is not exclusion, but unity through differences, and (3) the in...


children with ganglia remaining untreated after five years with spontaneous resolution occurring in nine. In 1985 Satku and Ganesh reviewed 45 out of6l children whose ganglia had been treated surgically : in 15 the ganglia had recurred. This, and the observation that wrist ganglia in children under the age of 10 were predominantly volar, where operation might damage the radial artery, led them to recommend an expectant approach to treatment. Our study has addressed the natural history of the condition. The observation that 22 of the 29 gang!ia resolved spontaneously, 20 within two years of presentation, strongly supports the view that, providing transillumination confirms the diagnosis, management should be expectant.


Hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus is associated with endothelial dysfunction as evidenced by increased oxidative stress and vascular permeability. Whether impaired glucose control in metabolic syndrome impacts pulmonary vascular permeability is unknown. We hypothesized that in metabolic syndrome, hyperglycemia increases lung vascular permeability through superoxide.


ABSTRACT An incidence study of idiopathic optic neuritis (ON) was carried out in 2 geographic areas of Finland for the 9‐year period 1970 to 1978. The southern province of Uusimaa composes a medium‐risk and the western province of Vaasa a high‐risk area for multiple sclerosis (MS). The risk for subsequent MS was determined.


FIRST-YEAR LAW STUDENTS are often shocked to discover that following the law routinely leads to injustice. Litigation, they learn, is a zero sum game: a plaintiff claims injury; the defendant denies legal responsibility; when the defendant triumphs, the plaintiff is left empty handed, regardless of the equities. By pleading contributory negligence, or the statute of limitations, or the business judgment rule, a defendant, even a seemingly culpable defendant, can escape liability. Justice is not handmaiden to the law in this scenario. The plaintiff may well have suffered injury—blameworthy injury in fact. But where the law does not recognize a legally cognizable wrong, the plaintiff has no remedy. What is "fair" has no necessary relation to what is "legal." Inevitably this sparks outrage in the classroom. Students raise their hands to protest that the outcome is "not right." They soon realize, however, that morality and law have little in common. In time—a remarkably short time in fact—most stop questioning this at all. The Securities and Exchange Commission's 2010 civil complaint against Goldman Sachs is but one illustration of the kind of case that breeds cynicism in budding attorneys. The investment bank, "infamously dubbed the 'great vampire squid wrapped around the face of humanity,'" was accused of defrauding clients by selling them a complex financial instrument without disclosing that it was designed to


Quantum wire lasers and modulators offer superior performance over their quantum well counterparts. We present simulations of an integrated InGaAs-lnP quantum wire laser-modulator structure operating at 1.55 μm. In the case of quantum wire lasers, we have computed the optical gain as a function of current density for wires having widths ranging between 60 and 100 A. For example, the threshold current density of 61 A/cm 2 is computed for a wire with a width of 80 A. In the case of quantum wire modulators, we compute the changes in the absorption coefficient and index of refraction due to an external electric field to implement electroabsorptive and electrorefractive optical modulators. For example, the absorption coefficient changes (Δα/α) by 450% when an applied electric field changes from 30 to 60 kV/cm for an 80 A quantum wire. The corresponding change of refractive index is about 11%. A structure integrating an edge-emitting laser with an in-line type electroabsorptive or electrorefractive modulator is presented. The quantum wires are designed to operate the laser at a wavelength that corresponds to the Stark effect tuning of the modulator. We can maximize the changes in electroabsorptive and electrorefractive modulators by choosing the right combination of wire dimensions, operating wavelengths, and electric fields.


Tripectenopus occultus sp.n. from Arramall Cave, 300 km N. of Perth, Western Australia, is described and compared with T. cuecus Lea from Queensland. The loss of eyes in T. occultus appears to have antedated the cave habit.


We describe and anlayzes the methodology and implementation results of H / W configuration and signal characteristics analysis algorithm for analyzing equipment for analyzing OFDMA physical layer based on 802.16e. Recently, demand for signal analysis of instruments that analyze these signals with the development of digital communication signals is rapidly increasing. Accordingly, it is necessary to develop signal analysis equipment capable of analyzing characteristics of a broadband communication signal using a wideband digital signal processing module. In this paper, we have studied the basic theory of OFDMA in order to devise a device capable of analyzing characterisitcs of broadband communication signals. Second, the structure of OFDMA transmitter/receiver was examined. Third, a wideband digitizer was implemented. we design Wimax signal analysis algorithm based on OFDMA among broadband communication methods and propose Wimax physical layer analysis S/W implementation through I, Q signals. The IF downconverter used the receiver module and the LO generation module of the spectrum analyzer. Quantitative analysis result is obtained through the algorithm of Wimax signal analysis by I, Q data.


In the title compound, C12H17NO3S, the amide H atom is syn to the ortho-methyl group of the benzene ring and the C—S—N—C torsion angle is −65.39 (17)°. The crystal structure features inversion-related dimers linked by pairs of N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds in which the acceptor O atom is bound to the S atom.


. Extraction of six acid type penicillins (penicillin G, penicillin V, oxacillin, cloxacillin, nafcillin, dicloxacillin) from their water solutions by polar organic solvents ( n -hexane, toluene, chloroform, isoamyl alcohol) was studied. Penicillins were quantified by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The penicillins distribution constants were calculated. А possibility of developing a fast, effective and inexpensive method for the determination of trace amounts of acid type penicillins in foodstuffs using extraction by chloroform was shown.


Change advocates who participate in the process of strategy-making can play an important role in enabling organizational adaptation. To examine the nature of this role, this article investigates the influence on strategic shifts of two such participants - new members of the top management team and management consultants. Empirical findings suggest that managers see these two types of change agents as having two different kinds of influence on strategic shifts. Specifically, the change agent role of management consultants is viewed as one that creates pressure for change by helping to shape new managerial perspectives of the environment. In contrast, the change agent role of new members of the top management team is viewed as one that counteracts inertial forces that may block the implementation of change. These results suggest that management consultants may be much more useful in stimulating changes in the ways executives think about their environment than they are in implementing radical strategic changes. To overcome institutional resistance to extreme strategic shifts, organizations may need to resort to stronger political and symbolic actions, such as promoting or hiring new top executives in key leadership roles.


Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) can potentially carry out a wide range of tasks and operate in hazardous conditions. Some tasks require complex and precise aircraft movements in the presence of external disturbances. In this paper, a design of non-flat multirotor configuration (NFH6) is presented. Through dynamic model, it is shown that flat multirotor configurations share inherent underactuated condition. By adequate change of the tilt angle around rotor arm, control allocation scheme (CAS) matrix reaches rank 6 which means that multirotor is able to achieve full controllability. Decoupling control system design, based on sliding mode control laws, is presented. Simulation results show satisfying tracking performance of the proposed control system design for a presented NFH6 platform.


We present a scheme for the optical implementation of human-face recognition with only an incoherent optical correlator. The system uses complementary-encoding hit-miss transform method to improve the performance of the standard correlator. According to this method, we have built up a compact system for human-face optical recognition. We have built a face library in which 96 photographs are stored and the recognition speed of the system is 8 pictures per second.


I can only hope to point out some general facts which have been confirmed by repeated observations of many persons. Within five years an increasing interest in alcohol has begun in the laboratories, and the question of how alcohol acts on the body is recognized as the great coming theme. The theories of the past are called in question, and a large number of scientific men are trying to solve the problems of alcohol, only to find how complex and difficult they are. Our familiarity with the effects of alcohol are far beyond all knowledge of its chemistry and pathology. We interpret the symptoms and theorize from them without any knowledge of the actual conditions present. A change has come and the question is ''Why should alcohol cause exhilaration or stupor, delirium and delusion? Why should profound changes follow its use with intense degeneration and destruction of both body and


The present invention discloses a speed - displacement sensor, comprising: a speed sensor base; base speed sensor excitation coil, a gap is formed between the groove base and the speed sensor excitation coil base speed sensor, the speed sensor defines a base excitation coil lead wire aperture; end of the outer excitation coil by the sensor clearance groove insertion speed a speed sensor coil holder; connection flange connected to the outer end of the coil holder of the speed sensor, the outer end of the connecting rod is provided with a connecting flange; the connection method Lan connected, and coil holder disposed on the outer sleeve of the speed sensor is a displacement sensor soft iron tube; soft iron is provided outside of the displacement sensor is a sensor jacket tube, the jacket having an outlet end of the sensor cap. The present invention is nested by way of the sensor and a displacement sensor integrated together, compact structure, small volume.


Material parameters (inert and fatigue) are obtained from naturally flawed specimens. If the inert strength parameters characterizing the two-parameter Weibull cumulative distribution function are known, the fatigue parameters for the power, Paris, and Walker subcritical crack growth equations can be obtained from the appropriate rupture data of standard uniaxial test specimens loaded in static, dynamic, or cyclic fatigue. Equations are developed for fatigue parameter analysis using the least-squares best-fit and/or the maximum likelihood estimation method. When the inert parameters are unknown and only subcritical crack growth rupture data are available, the material parameters defining the specimen`s cumulative distribution function are obtained via the median deviation method. Example problems are included.


AIM To study the protective effect of TFA against cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury. METHORDS The cerebral ischemia model in mice was made by means of ligating bilalateral common carotid arteries.The mice survive rate during 6 h was observed,and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the ischemic cerebral cortex was measured. Using nitrogen anoxia model in mice,the survive time was observed. Ligating bilateral common carotid arteries and descending blood pressure,the cerebral ischemia reperfusion model in rabbits was established. The brain of rabbits was initiated by ischemia for 60 min followed by 30 min of reperfusion. The electroencephalogra phy (EEG) of cerebral ischemia and reperfusion was recorded. Malondialdehyde(MDA) and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) in the ischemic cerebral cortex were measured. RESULTS TFA(30,60,120 mg·kg -1 ) prolonged the survive time after anoxia in mice,enchanced the survive rate after cerebral ischemia and inhibited the increasing of MDA contents in the cerebral cortex in mice.TFA(12,24,48 mg·kg -1 ) inhibitid the changes of EEG,MDA and LDH induced by cerebral ischemia reperfusion in rabbits. CONCLUSION TFA has protective effects on cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury,the mechanism may relate to attenuating free radical and lipid peroxidation.


In this work we investigate the combined finite-size and thermomagnetic effects on the properties of neutral mesons in a hot medium, in the context of the Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model. In particular, by using the mean-field approximation and the Schwinger proper time method in a toroidal topology with antiperiodic conditions, we evaluate the chiral phase transition, the constituent quark mass and meson observables like the π and σ meson masses and pion decay constant under the change of the size, temperature, chemical potential and strength of external magnetic field. The results indicate that the observables are strongly affected by the conjoint effects of relevant variables, and the net result will depend on the balance of these competing phenomena.


Under the guidance of the theories relative to quality and physical education, a brand-new curriculum system and teaching model have been discussed and worked out on the basis of the basis of the unique location of HU as well as in the light of the characteristics of the physical and mental development and the interests and hobbies of college students. This report is intended to provide material for the physical education reform as well as a theoretical basis for further experiment and verification.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop a method to measure the difficulties of items required to achieve Authorized Economic Operator (AEO) validation and investigated companies' abilities to obtain AEO certification based on an empirical analysis of 201 supply chain-related companies in Taiwan. Design/methodology/approach – The Rasch model was applied to convert the ordinal raw data collected from questionnaire surveys into values on an interval scale to measure companies' abilities and item difficulties for AEO validation. The model was estimated using WINSTEP, which is an iterative computer program. Findings – The study results show that self-risk assessment and the formulation of security policies are the most difficult items to accomplish for AEO validation, whereas establishing security facilities is the easiest task to accomplish. Additionally, a company's ability to obtain AEO validation was found to be positively correlated with a company's turnover volume and its number of staff. Rese...


Counterion and H/D isotope substitution effects on early electron transfer steps in aqueous sodium chloride solution (X2O/NaCl = 55, X = H,D) have been investigated by femtosecond absorption spectroscopy of short-lived electron−chlorine atom pairs in the 18500−8000 cm-1 spectral range. The frequency dependence of the overall signal rise time and early signal decay (geminate recombination process) from 1.77 to 2.29 eV has been analyzed in the framework of inhomogeneous populations of hydrated electron for which the absorption bands overlap in the visible spectral region. By use of a kinetic model, two well-defined electron hydration channels have been discriminated. The spectral signature of a delayed hydration channel (e-hyd') is fully developed 4.5 ps after the initial energy deposition in the sample against 1.4 ps for the fastest electron hydration channel (e-hyd). Compared to the absorption band of the hydrated electron ground state (e-hyd), which peaks around 1.7 eV, the e-Hyd' population exhibits a s...