In avian influenza (AI) surveillance, total 686 (fecal n=682, swabs n = 4) samples of migratory birds were collected on August 2018 in Saikhan soum, Bulgan aimag, and these samples were analyzed by portable insulated isothermal (iiPCR) PCR in the field condition. Total of 137 pool of samples (each pool contains 4-6 samples) were analyzed by iiPCR and 3 pools of sample were found positive. Total of 9 pool of samples were positive by virus isolation with embryonated egg inoculation and HA analysis and 4/9 were identified as an avian influenza and 5/9 were identified as a Paramyxovirus by RT-PCR analysis. After sequencing, H3 (n=3) and H2 (n=1) subtypes were determined. iiPCR positive 3 pools were confirmed by egg inoculation and HA analysis and it shows that this newly applied method was able to use to the surveillance of avian influenza due to usefulness and high sensitivity.


As data in modern cloud storage system grows dramatically, it's a common method to partition data and store them in different Availability Zones (AZs). Multiple AZs not only provide high fault tolerance (e.g., rack level tolerance or disaster tolerance), but also reduce the network latency. Replication and Erasure Codes (EC) are typical data redundancy methods to provide high reliability for storage systems. Compared with the replication approach, erasure codes can achieve much lower monetary cost with the same fault-tolerance capability. However, the recovery cost of EC is extremely high in multiple AZ environment, especially because of its high bandwidth consumption in data centers. LRC is a widely used EC to reduce the recovery cost, but the storage efficiency is sacrificed. MSR code is designed to decrease the recovery cost with high storage efficiency, but its computation is too complex. To address this problem, in this paper, we propose an erasure code for multiple availability zones (called AZ-Code), which is a hybrid code by taking advantages of both MSR code and LRC codes. AZ-Code utilizes a specific MSR code as the local parity layout, and a typical RS code is used to generate the global parities. In this way, AZ-Code can keep low recovery cost with high reliability. To demonstrate the effectiveness of AZ-Code, we evaluate various erasure codes via mathematical analysis and experiments in Hadoop systems. The results show that, compared to the traditional erasure coding methods, AZ-Code saves the recovery bandwidth by up to 78.24%.


Information on fisheries resources in East Malaysia is scarce and poorly known. The current review aims to compile a checklist of fisheries resources in the Northwest Borneo (Sarawak, Malaysia) from available published literature, address the resources' present status, and suggest future monitoring needs for selected critical species. The study also aims to determine several Sarawak land-use issues that are in flux and responsible for habitat degradation. Five hundred sixty-four species belonging to 123 families and 32 orders were recorded from Sarawak waters. Freshwater fish species comprised 48.0% of the total, followed by a marine (36.6%), marine-euryhaline (12.9%), and brackish water (2.5%) species. Of this, Cyprinidae was the most dominant group accounting for the greatest number of species (82 species), followed by Balitoridae (34 species), Bagridae (21 species) and Penaeidae (21 species). Therefore, available fisheries resources should be managed carefully as 48 species (9.0%) are currently vulnerable to extinction. Furthermore, the presence of 20 alien species in Sarawak water bodies also requires attention from the authorities due to the potential disruption of aquatic ecological balance. Changing land use issues in Sarawak such as forest degradation, agricultural expansion, peatland deforestation and conversion, logging, destruction of mangrove forests, and construction of hydroelectric power dams and flood mitigation channels pose significant challenges to fishery management in Sarawak. Our study documents the priority of fishery monitoring and conservation in Sarawak water bodies to ensure sustainable management of fisheries resources.


Abstract : The Army Concept Team in Vietnam evaluated the Marginal Terrain Assault Bridge Launcher (MTAB-L) to determine its suitability in the combat environment of RVN. The MTAB-L has two basic items, a bridge and a launcher both mounted on an M113A1 APC. The bridge consists of two extruded flat aluminum treadway sections which fold at the center. It is designed to support class 12 loads and has a span of 33 feet. The launcher is welded to the hull of the APC and hydraulically emplaces and retracts the bridge.


THESIS: Two idolatries, having some things in common, are evident today in the worship of faith and the worship of knowledge. The worship of faith is a heresy that occurs within the church and passes as an especially fine type of Christianity; the worship of knowledge exists largely outside the church. Both avoid the dimension of depth. What is the heresy of simple faith, and how are we to deal with it?


Goal setting has an established record of improving the productivity of the workforce in manufacturing and service industries, and a programmatic use of goal setting and feedback has been shown to increase productivity by up to 20%. In addition, previous studies have shown that specific, difficult goals produce better performance than any of medium, easy, or do‐your‐best goals; or no goals. However, notwithstanding its potential for productivity improvement, attempts to apply goal setting to construction projects have been limited due to the inherent characteristics of the construction industry and the associated difficulties in implementation. Based on results obtained from two widely different studies, many of the obstacles for successful implementation of goal setting in the construction industry are explicitly identified, suggestions for dealing with them are advanced, and productivity is shown to increase from 10% to more than 20%.


In a continuous-time portfolio selection model with N risky assets and K state variables driving their risk and return parameters, we derive simple expressions for the allocation to each asset in the K + 1 risky funds of the (K + 2)-fund separation theorem. We show that the allocation to any given risky asset in each fund can be written in terms of the parameters of a regression of the excess returns of this asset on those of the N − 1 remaining assets. We also use these parameters to provide quantitative measures of the increase in Sharpe ratio of the speculative demand, or in the maximum correlation of each hedging demand with respect to the corresponding risk factor, associated with the introduction of a new asset in the investment universe. Finally, we show that in a multiperiod setting, an asset is "spanned" by others if and only if it improves neither the maximum Sharpe ratio of the speculative demand nor the maximum correlations of the hedging demands with the risk factors. This paper was accepted ...


Trachoma-inclusion conjunctivitis (TRIC) and lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) organisms are closely related. Utilizing protection of mice from toxic death by prior immunization and more recently an indirect micro immunofluorescence technique, we have described six immunologic types, A through F, of TRIC organisms and three types of LGV. This report describes three new types of TRIC organisms, G, H and I. While H and I are almost completely unique immunologically, type G has cross-reactions with type F and appears to be an immunologic bridge between the previously unique F type and the B-, Ba-, D-, E- and LGV-related types. Strains of the three new types have been isolated almost entirely from the genital tract and biologically resemble the TRIC types D, E and F which have also been associated primarily with genital infection.


In this article, a comparative analysis is performed between one-dimensional (HEC-RAS) and two-dimensional (IBER) models, in the evaluation of total scour in the pillars and abutments of a bridge. The case study is the Huallaga bridge, located in the San Martín region, Peru.Based on the geomorphological, hydrological and hydraulic data of the study area and after carrying out an analysis of the different equations for local, general scour; Numerical modeling was performed on the HEC-RAS and IBER software in order to calculate the depths of the scour.The following results were obtained: That in the local scour calculations, the scour depths were less with the 2D software, compared to the values obtained in the 1D software; while in general scour calculations, we obtain greater depths when modeling with 2D software, compared to the values obtained in 1D software


In the late years of the 20th century,avant-courier poetry has experienced three stages: from poetic meaning to poetic art and thence to poetic meaning.And campus is not the place where avant-courier poetry is no longer produced.Poets from avant-courier poetry have to go into reality because of living pressure.Female poets have become women poets,fascinated with real life.The life consciousness and life passion are more than style consciousness and taste.This change leads to individualized writing.Avant-courier poetry that values living conditions and quicker success and instant benefit has done some harm to new poems,but accords with the living situation of China.Now we need both avant-courier poetry with poetic meaning and poetic art.


The important role of liver governing conveyance and dispersion in regulating sub-health state was discussed.It is suggested that the basic syndrome of sub-health state is emotional disorders,and the fundamental pathogenesis is due to emotional upset and Qi movement disorder.The therapeutic principles are improving the hepatic function of governing conveyance and dispersion,balancing emotions, activating functional activities of Qi,and harmonizing the internal environment.


Mrs P. presented at 13 weeks of gestation with apparent anti‐C+D. At week 34, with antibody levels of 168 IU/ml, a D‐negative (r′r) baby was delivered with a strongly positive DAT and an Hb of 3.0 g/dl. Anti‐G in maternal serum was isolated by adsorption and elution from R2R2 cells and shown, using flow‐cytometric and chemiluminescence assays, to sensitize r′r cells at levels of cell‐bound IgG consistent with fetal haemolysis. In an analysis of 28 sera from alloimmunized women with over 5 IU/ml anti‐C+D, 2 sera were shown to contain levels of anti‐G consistent with moderate or severe haemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN). Thus HDN due to anti‐G may not be rare. An analysis of 187,037 blood donors in the south‐west of England showed the r′ gene frequency to be 0.005897 suggesting that approximately 2.9% of matings of rr women with D‐negative fathers can produce an r′r baby. These findings highlight the need for the continuous non‐invasive monitoring of D‐negative fetuses of women with apparent anti‐C+D.


This paper has as main objective to present an analysis of affirmative action in public university while Brazilian public policies targeted to the ...


This study aims to determine society interest in Automatic Teller Machines (ATMs) in the Lembaga Perkreditan Desa (LPD) in Bali in terms of Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). The design in this study uses a quantitative descriptive method. The data obtained from the questionnaire and then processed and described so as to get results that are related to how the community's interest if LPD in Bali provides services in the form of automatic teller machines (ATMs). The instrument in this study used a questionnaire with a Likert scale, before using the questionnaire the validity and reliability tests were first performed. The population in this study were LPD customers in Bali, in this study taking from 32 LPDs in the Ubud district. Samples were taken using the Non-Probability Sampling technique with the Accidental Sampling method. From 32 LPD researchers took 10 samples in each LPD, so the total sample in this study was 320. The results of the study showed that the score given by LPD customers was in the category of strongly agree this shows that the customer's interest in LPD ATMs in Bali is very high. The Personal Attitude dimension is in the category of strongly agree, so the services they need can be fulfilled, for the norm/ subjective norms in the category of agree this shows that if there is an ATM LPD then they will advise others to save and use the LPD ATM, while the Perceived Behavioral Control dimension is in the strongly agree category stating that if there is an LPD ATM it will be more practical to make cash withdrawals. Keyword—Interest; Automatic Teller Machine (ATM); Lembaga Perkreditan Desa (LPD)


Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) and triiodothyronine ( T,) or thyroxine (T,) have been shown previously to act directly on the anterior pituitary gland (APG) to control thyrotropin (TSH) secretion.', By increasing the dosage of either regulator it was possible to overcome the effects of the other, thus indicating the versatility as well as another characteristic of the control mechanism. The most simple model envisioned to describe this interaction was of two molecules competing for the same cellular reactive site. However, when the response to T,, but not that to TRH, was found to be inhibited by puromycin, cycloheximide, or actinomycin D, it suggested that the interaction between the TRH and thyroid hormones within the thyrotroph cell of the APG was not a direct one.,' Furthermore, the TRH effect was detectable within two minutes, whereas the T, effect developed more slowly between 15-30 minutes after its injection.2 A hypothesis that seemed to best fit these data assumed the existence of an intracellular protein, tentatively designated unknown or U-factor, within the thyrotroph cells, which acts as an intermediate between T, or T, and TRH interaction. T, and T, were thought to control the concentration of U-factor within the thyrotropin cells either by stimulating its synthesis or controlling its rate of degradation.,. Since the T, block of the TRH-TSH release response was also prevented by actinomycin D, it appeared that the thyroid hormones may stimulate the synthesis of U-factor via a messenger RNA. Somehow, U-factor was thought to inactivate TRH, perhaps by combining with it or destroying it. From in vitro studies, however, it was not possible to demonstrate that a substance was present in the APG of rats that destroys TRH or a subcellular particle that binds TRH.5 Results also indicated that TRH did not lyse TSH granules in vitro or that T, did not protect their lyses under a variety of in vitro conditions.8 If these results are applicable in vivo, they imply that TRH does not stimulate the release of TSH by lysing the TSH granules within the thyrotropin cells. Electron microscopic evidence indicates that pituitary TSH granules are released by the process of exocytosis.i Over the last few years, several studies have been concerned with the possibility that adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) may be the mediator of the TRH effect and somehow stimulates the release of the TSH


Modernism design is closely related with constructivism,De stijl and Bauhaus.Design and style of Bauhaus have been deeply affecting designers generation affer generation.Modernism design has become the source of other design conceptions.


Abstract Considering the 'age of improvement' (1780–1820) in the Scottish Highlands, and in Sutherland more particularly, the objectives of this article are fourfold: first, to review the motivations of land 'improvement' policies of the early nineteenth century as specific to Strath Helmsdale, Sutherland. Second, to identify the impact of these land improvements, together with natural climatic variability, on the catchment's physical processes (hydrology, soils, vegetation and river processes) by using an evidence-informed approach from novel archival data held in the Sutherland estate papers. Third, to use these data to ascertain reciprocal causal relationships between the physical environment, estate policy and population demographics which helped 'shape' the Strath between 1780 and 1820. And, fourth, to examine how the effect of land improvement led to the estate's vulnerability and the subsequent response to the recurrent economic depressions of 1810–1820. The key question asked by this article is how far the nature and timing of radical changes to land use and management were inspired, controlled or defined by the environmental processes of the Strath and how far they were motivated by other considerations.


Henry Aaron argues that to cut waste in health care, the first step should be heavy investment in research on what works and what doesn't, and at what cost. The second step would be to extend insurance coverage to the uninsured.


Johannesburg is one of the few major cities of the world that does not lie on a river, a lake or a seafront. Since the discovery of gold in 1886, Johannesburg has grown from a dusty mining town to a major urban and industrial conurbation that houses and sustains a quarter of the total population of South Africa, accounting for 10% of the economic activity on the entire African continent. Water supply to Johannesburg is done by Rand Water, which is credited with sustaining the largest human concentration in the southern hemisphere that is not located on a river. This poses major challenges to engineers because the geology of the gold-bearing reef is also associated with the watershed between two major international river basins in Southern Africa - the Orange and the Limpopo. Being classified as Pivotal Basins 1 in the Southern African Hydropolitical Complex, these two river basins form the strategic backbone to the economies of the four most economically developed countries in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region - South Africa, Botswana, Namibia and Zimbabwe. In order to sustain the urban and industrial complex in the Greater Johannesburg Conurbation, massive Inter-Basin Transfers (IBTs) are necessary, posing a challenge to the notion of a river basin as a fundamental unit of management within the framework of Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM), because in essence every river basin in South Africa is now hydraulically connected to every other river basin, with this pattern starting to cross international borders in an increasingly complex web of transfer schemes. The management of water in transboundary river basins is now starting to impact on the political relations between states, which is the essence of the concept of the Southern African Hydropolitical Complex.


inputting a business activity field through an input device(1,2) by selecting one activity from purchase, sales, financial affairs, production, and general administration; selecting the second activity account item included in each field and inputting the method of settling accounts; assigning the inputted data included in group A to the book-keeping account of group B by accessing an auxiliary storage(6); and generating and outputting a book-keeping output table to a display device(5) or a printing machine(4) by using the assigned book-keeping account item.


. The article presents the results of regional typification for the Kherson region by water availability for irrigation, taking into account the possible environmental risk as a result of the increase in irrigated area. The grouping of the territories previously differentiated by water availability into the following subtypes was performed: low rate of natural surface and groundwater water availability; sufficient rate of groundwater availability variously suitable for irrigation; high level of transit river flow availability; provided water supply of different quality from irrigation sources. Also, the territory grouping was made by the zones of ecological risk according to ecological and amelioration qualifications along with the separation of admissible ecological risk zones (potentially conditionally unstable areas with good ecological and reclamation conditions), zones of increased ecological or potentially unstable areas with the satisfactory and endangered condition), zones of sustainable ecological risk (potentially unstable areas with the unsatisfactory or very unsatisfactory land condition), zones of ecological crises development (potentially very unstable with the very unsatisfactory land condition).
It was specified that within the Kherson region predominate the areas with low natural water supply from local surface flow in combination with the zones of increased ecological risk (Kakhovka irrigation zone) or with the zones of stable ecological risk (Oleksandrivska irrigation zone, Kalanchak irrigation system). Additional surface water supply for irrigation is provided by the main canals from the Kakhovka reservoir. Further increase in irrigation areas within these typological territories, on the one hand, can be provided with available resources on the other hand, may lead to deterioration of ecological and reclamation condition of irrigated land and aggravation of water and ecological situation, first of all, rising groundwater level.


It is well known that LCFT generally contains Jordan cell structure and, in our previous paper, we have proposed a conjecture that one and only one boundary sate is allowed in the rank-2 cell. With these states in c=-2 rational LCFT, we can express boundary states in the closed string picture, in regard to corresponding boundary conditions in the open string picture. In this paper, We briefly review our previous paper on boundary states in LCFTs. We also add one more proof which supports the conjecture, and confirm this doesn't change our previous results. This paper is based on the talk given at School & Workshop On Logarithmic Conformal Field Theory and Its Applications held in Tehran, Iran.


Before the New Year eve in 2021, President Xi Jinping delivered New Year Greeting through China Media Group and the Internet. From the perspective of transitivity theory in systemic functional language, it is of great significance to study the text of President Xi's New Year's greeting in 2021. Exploring the distribution of various process types and the use of main participants in the discourse can not only gain an understanding of the conceptual significance, but also know President Xi's speaking style of humorous, kind, rich in content and pragmatic, showing the unique style of national leader.


Ions of 177Lu have been implanted in iron and nickel hosts at concentrations of about 1018/cm3. Perturbation of angular correlations in the gamma-ray cascade through the 113–keV level gives values for the internal fields on hafnium nuclei in these metals at room temperature and for this concentration of H(Fe) = −140 ± 10 kOe and H(Ni) = −60 ± 10 kOe. The rotation of the 250-keV level was also observed in the iron host. The nuclear g factor of this state is g = +0.26 ± 0.09.


Student wellbeing is an important issue to address because research shows that a high percentage of Australian university students experience mental health problems and that higher numbers are found in equity groups. Research also shows that regional universities have a higher percentage of students from equity groups. This paper outlines findings from a study of regional university students and mental health interventions that combined a desktop survey of web-based university resources and an integrative review of relevant literature. Our findings show that most Australian universities do not integrate their mental wellbeing support into the curriculum and that mental health professionals and educators typically work in silos. Consequently, universities only have limited success in addressing student wellbeing needs. We argue that there is a need to draw on best practice for embedding academic support as part of inclusive pedagogies and curricula, in order to extend these to include mental wellbeing support. This study is significant as it is the first to synthesise the key principles of effective embedded wellbeing support in relation to regional university contexts.


We construct the cosmological model to explain the cosmological constant problem. We built the extension of the standard cosmological model $\Lambda$CDM by consideration of decaying vacuum energy represented by the running cosmological term. From the principles of quantum mechanics one can find that in the long term behavior survival probability of unstable states is a decreasing function of the cosmological time and has the inverse power-like form. This implies that cosmological constant $\rho_{\text{vac}} = \Lambda(t) = \Lambda_{\text{bare}} + \frac{\alpha}{t^2}$ where $\Lambda_{\text{bare}}$ and $\alpha$ are constants. We investigate the dynamics of this model using dynamical system methods due to a link to the $\Lambda(H)$ cosmologies. We have found the exact solution for the scale factor as well as the indicators of its variability like the deceleration parameter and the jerk. From the calculation of the jerk we obtain a simple test of the decaying vacuum in the FRW universe. Using astronomical data (SNIa, $H(z)$, CMB, BAO) we have estimated the model parameters and compared this model with the $\Lambda$CDM model. Our statistical results indicate that the decaying vacuum model is a little worse than the $\Lambda$CDM model. But the decaying vacuum cosmological model explains the small value of the cosmological constant today.


Production of biodiesel from castor oil by transesterification was studied.The results of trials indicated that the optimal parameters were that the amount of catalyst was 1% of the weight of the castor oil,the amount of methanol was 20% of the weight of the casor oil,the reaction temperature was 65℃ and the reaction time was 90 min.The transesterification rate reached 86%.


School of Mathematics and Statistics, Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081, P.R. China Department of Mathematics, University of British Columbia Vancouver V6T 1Z2, Canada Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Horticulture Kwantlen Polytechnic University, Surrey, British Columbia V3W 2MB Canada d School of Mathematics, University of the Witwatersrand Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa


One of the major activities at the 1979 World Administrative Radio Conference (WARC-79) was revision of the International Table of Frequency Allocations. This paper gives an overview of significant ways in which these international allocations were changed. Revisions to the U.S. national allocations are still in process; however, some comments on the national allocation table are offered.


The burden of financially heavy household due to the emergence of new traditions that are constructed in the local community and because of the desire to preserve household prestige is the main issue raised in this article. The driving factors for mobilization and how to preserve household prestige through migration are two questions to be addressed. By using a qualitative approach to the phenomenon of migration and mobilization by a group of people in the Madurese Sumenep, data were obtained through observation, interviews and documents and analyzed descriptively-critically. This article finds two important things, namely, firstly, migration mobility occurs due to economic factors that squeeze the local society where the available jobs are not sufficient to meet the needs of their household. Moreover, they must cultivate agricultural land by cultivating crops that have become a family legacy. Second, migration mobility is driven by the desire to preserve the prestige or dignity of the household in order to equal in the eyes of the society and are not ostracized due to debt problems or not participating in the new traditions constructed by the local society.


. Paternalism, understood as coercive intervention with the behavior of a person in order to prevent her from causing harm to herself, is a highly controversial issue, because it implies a departure from the widely recognized principle of harm to others. Some conceptual differences between legal paternalism and other forms of state coercion that also depart from the principle of harm to others will be indicated. This is followed by an analysis of the arguments that are usually brought forth against legal paternalism. And finally, the possibility of determining ethically justifiable types of legal paternalism is explored.


The oyster mushroom cultivation business using oil palm frond waste processing medium is a business that the whole or part of the fund is owned by the local communities and plantation of PTPN2 Sampali and it is expected to improve the economy of the plantation community and surrounding plantations based on the needs and potential of oil palm frond waste as raw material for mushroom baglog. The society around PTPN2 Sampali is one of the productive communities that utilizes plantation waste as raw material for mushroom baglogs, located in Sampali Village, Engal Mukti Village, Percut Sei Tuan District. Processing of oil palm fronds carried out by community business units is a value addition to converting waste into mushroom baglog products become economic value. The purpose of this research is to analyze the profit and added value of the waste of oil palm fronds into Baglog Oyster mushroom, the business unit of the plantation community and around PTPN2 Sampali. The analytical method used is value added analysis and income statement. The results of the analysis showed that the Cost of Production (HPP) for every one kilogram of baglog production costs Rp. 2,105, and gets an income of Rp. 3,360,000 with a profit of Rp. 688,666. The added value obtained per kilogram from the composting business is Rp. 2,111.


OF DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement s for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Law and P ublic Policy in the College of Social Sciences and Humanities of Northeastern University July, 2013 3 Abstract This study is designed to assess the effectiveness of state laws enacted with the purpose of improving nutrition among youth and reducing obesit y rates. The analysis includes a qualitative review of the political process of introducing nutr ition legislation in two case study states, Massachusetts and North Carolina. As youth obesity rates have tripled, states across the U.S. have begun enacting legislation designed to target this health issue. Categories o f legislative approaches include structural (such as nutrition advisory councils), physical (includin g regulations on competitive foods), communication (including nutrition education), and surveillance policies (BMI measurement). The analysis compares the laws passed in 17 states be ween 2001-2011 with Youth Risk Behavior (YRBS) data to determine whether certain types of l aws improve nutrition behaviors such as fruit and vegetable consumption, and ultimately decrease BMI. Results suggest that structural policies may be associated with lower BMI scores among youth , however other types of policies may influence nutrition behaviors. Demographic variable s including race, education, poverty, and unemployment were also assessed to determine how th ey affect the analysis. As states struggle to adequately address obesity among youth, schools off er an important intervention target. An evaluation of legislative options can help to prior it ze limited resources towards the most effective


Perspectives Researchers from the University of Bristol in the UK have been using Twitter to investigate the possibility o tracking influenza spread. They collected about 160 00 tweets per day over 24 weeks from the 54 most popul areas in the UK, in which they sought, for example, rep of sore throat, fever or headache. Reports from the HP (based on general practitioner consultations per 100 0 Social networking and search engine data confer real-time advantages


This paper is an exploration of Augmented Reality applications to Participatory Marketing and overviews initial findings in this area of research. Participatory Marketing is the concept of marketing with customers rather than at them, and can potentially turn AR users form passive consumers to (pro-)active co-creators of this future media. We conducted a preliminary investigation to focus on possible challenges and opportunities.


ABSTRACT Research has explored U.S. intelligence core teams at the cultural and functional levels. How intelligence officers respond to toxic interpersonal relationships remains unexplored. A May 2021 grounded theory and situational analysis study of variations of responses to workplace toxicity in the core mission identified nine response patterns and three impacts to mission support. The study also found that power, agency, and acumen played central roles, along with relational ambiguity and toxic memory as contextual factors. The findings generated five research propositions.


Biochemical analysis of the seeds from Hum crepitans (Sandbox tree) was conducted. Oil was extracted using solvent extraction method.. Physical and chemical analyses were carried out on the oil while proximate analysis was carried out on the seed meal. Results showed that the oil content was 36.7% which is of good quality. The saponification value was 178.13mg /g, ash content of 0.4% dry matter and moisture content was 0.52 %. The proximate analysis of the seed meal showed that the ash was 4.5%, crude fibre 11.80% protein 22.15% and carbohydrate (nitrogen free extract) 24.85%. This shows that the seed meal is a good source of energy, plant protein and of high roughage but however low in mineral. The seed meal could be a supplement in livestock feed. Introduction Hura crepitans (the sand box tree) also known as the monkey's dinner bell is not indigenous to West Africa, but its point of origin can be traced to the tropical America (Burkill, 1967). This important tropical tree which is about 2.5m tall with spiny trunk and branches has long stem, oval leaves which are thin, heart shaped and has red flowers. The tree usually flowers at the beginning and end of the rainy season and is commonly planted along roads and in villages in West Africa. It .is also used as shade for cacao and prop for vanilla in Asia (Kerharo, 1950). Also, the bark of the tree is used in South Africa for leprosy control, though with doubtful benefits, while the inflorescence has been of use in West Indies to make jam (Walker and Sullivan, 1961). The latex of the sand box tree is caustic and purgative due to the presence of two very toxic principles "Hurin and "crepitin". This latex is said to cause blindness, but has been of use as a fish poison and sometimes added to South America arrow poison (Kerharo, 1950). The leaves are used against eczema in Surinam's traditional medicine. Moreover, the pale yellow or brown, softwood of the tree is used for furniture under the name Hura, (FAO, 1986). The seed of the Hura crepitans is very rich in oil and are emetic and when green are very purgative. The analysis of Hura crepitans seed oil and seed meal became necessary in order to ascertain their suitability for human consumption and livestock feeds respectively. This is necessary with the increasing trend in oil consumption pattern in the country, additional source of oil should be found to complement the traditional sources of oil from palm kernel, groundnut, melon and other lesser-known seed oils. Also, the seed meal could be used as a supplement to livestock feed in view of the ever-skyrocketing cost of feeds in the country. Materials and Methods Matured seeds of Hura crepitans were collected from Moshood Abiola Polytechnic Campus, Abeokuta, Ogun State. The seeds were dehulled and sundried for several days and finally in an oven at 120°C for six hours. Seeds were later ground and oil extracted from the sample using soxhlet extraction with hexane as the solvent. The seed meal was obtained after the oil extraction. The proximate analyses of the seed meal were obtained using the AOAC methods (1984), while saponification, iodine, free fatty acid and the acid values were determined by the British Standard Institute methods (1976). The colour of the oil was judged by visual observation. Results and Discussion Table 1 shows the physical and chemical characteristics of the oil from Hura crepitans seeds. The % oil yield is 36.7 which shows that the oil content of the seed is high and this can be compared to that of Jatropha curea which is 36% and that of cotton seed (39-45%) (Soyemi, 1998; Scheele, 1979). From this, one can say Hura crepitans seed is a good source of oil considering its abundance and highly economic for domestic use. The Saponification value obtained was 178. 13 mg/ KOH / g which is comparable to that of rubber seed oil (171.26) but lower than that of soya bean oil (185-195) (Nwokolo and Akpakunam, 1986). It can be concluded that Hura crepitans seed oil is not of very high molecular weight and containing many short-chained fatty acids. The free fatty acid obtained for the seed oil is 1.25%. The free fatty acid content is an important variable when considering the quality of oil for human consumption and stability to oxidative rancidity. The lower the free fatty acid, the better the quality of the oil. This shows that the oil is of good quality. The acid value of is 3.11 mg / KOH /g. The acid value of an oil or fat indicates the quality of fatty substances, and the higher the fatty acid presents in an oil, the greater the acid value. The value is, comparable to that of olive oil (0.26mg KOH / g) which is considered to be the best of the edible oils ; for salad and culinary purposes (Daniel S., 1979). Therefore oil from Hura crepitans seeds can also be used for these purposes. The Iodine value measures the degree of unsaturated fatty acid in an oil (Meyer, 1978). The iodine value of 35.56mg / g was obtained for the oil. This can be compared to that of melon seed oil (38.1mg /g) but very low when compared to that of maize oil of 105-130 mg/g. (Achinewhu, 1990. Van Der Vet, 1968). From this, it could be said that Hura crepitans oil will not solidify at room temperature due to the low amount of saturated fatty acid. The moisture and ash contents of 0.52% and 0.42% respectively were obtained for the oil, This shows that the oil is relatively stable to oxidative rancidity. The lower the moisture and ash values the better the oil when considering the stability (Achinewhu, 1990). The result of the proximate analysis of the seed meal is shown in Table 2. The ash content of 4.5% is very low compared to 11% for cassava meal (Adebambo, 1997). This implies low mineral content in the seed. The crude protein value of 22.15% is relatively high for a plant source of protein. So the seed meal can be used as a complement ingredient in livestock feeds. The crude fibre content of 11.80% may indicate poor digestibility, and this can be of nutritional significance as it helps to prevent constipation when used in feeds. The nitrogen free extract which is a measure of the food that is carbohydrate is 24.85%, and this compares very well to that of soya whole seed of 24.50% (Onuwaje et al, 1986). This shows that the seed meal will meet the energy need of livestock when in feeds. Table 1: Some Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Hura Crepitans Seed Oil Measurement Value % Yield 36.7 Colour Golden yellow Moisture% dry weight 0.52 Total ash 0.4 Saponification (Mg/KOII/g) 178.13 Iodine (mg/g) 35.56 Free fatty acid (%) 1.25 Acid 3.11 Specific Gravity 0.88 Table 2: Proximate Analysis of Hura Crepitans Seed Meal (Oil Yield from Seed = 36.7%) Nutrient Content % dry weight Ash 4.5 Crude fibre 11.80 Protein 22.15 NFE (Total carbohydrate) 24.85 Conclusion From the result, it can be concluded that Hura Crepitans seeds seem very promising, as feed for livestock. Also being very rich in oil, it could be a source of oil for domestic as well as industrial use. However, before the seed meal could be used in livestock feed work must be done to ascertain whether it contains antinutritional factors that may have serious implications on its use in livestock feeding. References Achinewhu, S.C. (1990) Effect of Refining on the Physical and Chemical Characteristic of Melon Seed Oil (Citrullus Vulgaris) Nig. Food Journal Vol. 8, Pp 130-133. A.O.A.C. (1984) Official Methods of Analysis, 14 ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Washington D.C. British Standard Institution (1976) Methods of Analysis of Oils and Fats (BS 684), London. Burkill, J.H. (1967) The Glory of the Trees 5 ed. New York: John Wiley and Sons, P 600. Daniel, S. (1979) Bailey's Industrial Oil and Fat Products Vol. 1, 4 ed. New York: John Wiley and


The quick detection and localization of partial discharge (PD) in an air-insulated substation (AIS) based on ultrahigh-frequency (UHF) sensor arrays are efficient for power equipment monitoring. The adopted UHF PD time difference of arrival (TDOA) methods mainly use the time difference of electromagnetic wave signals. Thus, the system requires both a high sampling rate and time synchronization accuracy, leading to a high cost and large size. In this study, the feasibility and accuracy of PD DOA in an AIS were investigated using a UHF wireless sensor array and the received signal strength indicator. First, the power pattern of the designed UHF wireless sensor array was obtained via an offline experiment. Then, a statistical approach to the PD DOA method based on the maximum likelihood estimator was employed to obtain the preliminary DOA result. Finally, interpolation and clustering algorithms were used to improve the accuracy of the DOA. A laboratory test was conducted. The average error of the PD DOA was less than 6°, and the cost-effectiveness and portability were clearly improved.


Airway management in polytrauma patients can create unanticipated challenges, particularly in the presence of tracheal injury. A 24-year-old male who suffered a road traffic accident was diagnosed with complete tracheal disruption with a gap of 3.5 cm with minimal external signs of injury. Initial intubation attempts revealed resistance at 18 cm from the angle of the mouth with the endotracheal tube creating a visible contour just below the skin in the midline of the neck. Associated palpable crepitus in the neck led to the suspicion of tracheal disruption. The patient was then intubated using a bougie. The tube was pushed into the bronchus distal to the suspected gap and then withdrawn to lie just above the carina, thereby providing adequate ventilation and preventing further development of subcutaneous emphysema. Associated injuries were managed by multidisciplinary consultations. Prompt thinking and quick clinical decisions with respect to the airway proved to be life-saving for the patient.


Requirements of modern technics and technology resulted in development of composite materials that provides higher target properties than individual materials. Then, self-healing technology was proposed to increase the durability of such materials. This technology can be applied to various material types, for instance to cementitious one like concrete and mortar as well as multilayer laminar composites. In the both cases one of the most important issue is to estimate the degree of healing as well as the change in the material mechanical and physical properties like strength, stiffness, permeability, etc. during healing process. Various methods are possible to implement for such assessment including non-destructive ways of evaluation. In the present work ultrasonic diagnostics involving Lamb waves is considered and evaluated to show its applicability for practical testing of multilayer composites. The method is based on Six-dimensional Cauchy formalism developed earlier.


The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) as the anodic half-reaction of water electrolysis has received growing attention due to its paramount role in the green and sustainable production of hydrogen fuel...


The invention relates to novel BENZOXAZINDIONA of general formula IY DERIVATIVES conjugates active substances, for example, antibiotics. The compounds of the invention are catechol derivatives heterocyclically PROTECTED AND STRAINS ARE ACTIVE IN GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA, ESPECIALLY pseudomonas and strains of E. coli and Salmonella, AS siderophores. For example, be included in the form of their conjugated active ingredients, eg antibiotics (as conjugates ANTIBIOTIC - siderophore) cell bacterial and improve or expand their antibacterial activity, even against other STRAINS RESISTANT BACTERIA TO BE - lactams . In addition, compounds are CITED AS POTENTIAL FOR CHELATING prodrug forms IRON SUITABLE FOR USE IN RELATED DISEASES disorder iron metabolism. The invention may have application in pharmaceutical research, industry and agriculture. FORMULA I: wherein R SUP, 1 = HO carboxyalkyl, R 2 = H, alkyl or phenyl YR 3 = DIFFERENT AMINO GROUPS ACIDS DERIVATIVES, dipeptides and hydrazones OR ITS CONJUGATES WITH ACTIVE SUBSTANCES, for example, antibiotics. These compounds may be in ACID FREE IN THE FORM OF salts or esters readily removable.


It has been pointed out recentlyll that the renormalisation group (RG) approach2l can be used to study critical behaviour in a Bose system. Since quantum amplitudes cannot be rescaled without spoiling commutation rules, one is obliged to rescale a dimensionless mass parameter s which subsequently enters the theory as an irrelevant variable. This parameter cannot be ignored in the discussion of scaling as physical quantities may depend upon a combination of s and some other parameters which may behave like a relevant variable. This letter reports results obtained for the equation of state when a symmetry-breaking term is added to the Hamiltonian. We note that several authors3l •4l have tried to overcome the difficulty associated with the rescaling of quantum amplitudes by writing the partition function of a Bose system as a functional integral. This approach, however, is not satisfactory since it requires one to introduce without justification the "classical limit " 5> (e~E -1) ~8E. Our approach does not suffer from this infirmity. On the contrary, it shows that rescaling of the mass of the particles eventually enables one to replace the Bose distribution function by its "classical limit". The dimensionless Hamiltonian considered is


Planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) is widely applied to investigate annular flow, but it is affected by the pipe wall and complex interface waves. In this article, the main sources of distortions for PLIF imaging in annular flow are discussed. In existing papers, the distortion caused by the total reflection is corrected through optical path analysis based on the assumption that the liquid film is smooth and uniform, but the gas–liquid interface usually fluctuates. The correction model needs to be further improved to correct the distortion caused by total reflection. The experimental method PLIF70 without the refraction matching box is analyzed to investigate the effects of configuration and measurement angle on the distortion. Finally, a novel method which can suppress the effect of the total internal reflection by reducing the measurement angle is proposed, which has a better performance even under complex interface waves. Moreover, the effect of measurement angle on PLIF imaging in annular flow is discussed.


In this paper, we develop a technique to measure walking motion by using ultrahigh sensitivity electrostatic induction technique. As a result of walking motion measurement using this technique, it is obvious that the detected electrostatic induced current waveform has a peak occurring at the timing of foot contact or detachment due to walking motion. Based on these results, a theoretical model in which an induced current is generated is constructed, and the correspondence relationship between walking motion and electrostatic induction current is shown. Furthermore, when comparing the walking signals of each subject, the authors used a scalogram obtained by wavelet transforming the walking signal. Person identification was attempted by learning the subject's scalogram using Chainer which is one of the frameworks for deep learning.


An accurate, inexpensive test-bed for the measurement of optical power emitted from handheld lasers is described. The setup consists of a power meter, optical bandpass filters, an adjustable iris and self-centering lens mounts. We demonstrate this test-bed by evaluating the output power of 23 laser pointers with respect to the limits imposed by the US Code of Federal Regulations. We find a compliance rate of only 26%. A discussion of potential laser pointer hazards is included.


The continuous saturation problems of today's buses introduced due to large number of resources has lead the System on Chip (SoC) designers to research a new SoC paradigm known as Networks-on-Chip (NoC). The research related to NoC is still in its infancy and researchers are trying to propose, design and explore different architectures, algorithms and simulation tools related to NoC. In this paper we have explored a tool named as CINSIM (Component Based Interconnection Network Simulator) that is designed for linux systems by a research team at Real-Time Systems and Robotics of Technische Universitat Berlin. First we introduced the simulation components and environment related to the tool and then applied the tool on a heterogeneous 2D-Mesh Network on Chip architecture. We showed how the different combinations of routing algorithms, switching techniques, simulation types, traffic sources and measurement types can be used to check the performance evaluation of the underline heterogeneous NoC which in turn shows the general methodology of simulation and performance evaluation of any NoC platform under consideration. We hope this effort will help many NoC researchers for the quick design, analysis and selection of particular NoC platforms.


AbstractFifty-two randomly selected fourth-grade pupils were tested in order to measure their level of intelligence, academic achievement, and social maturity. The data thus collected was used to determine whether or not intelligence test scores became more efficient predictors of academic achievement when social maturity scores were included in the regression equation. The findings indicated that, at least to some extent, the intelligence test and social maturity scale were measuring common factors. The addition of social maturity scores did not significantly increase the predictive value of intelligence test scores.


Genetic factors play a pivotal role in the development and pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD). The angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene insertion (I)/deletion (D) polymorphism is one of the various genetic factors associated with CAD. In this study, we investigated the association between the ACE gene I/D polymorphism and CAD in the Saudi population. A total of 210 CAD patients were studied, while 103 age-matched healthy adults were used as control subjects. ACE I/D polymorphism was detected by electrophoresing the amplified PCR ACE product on an agarose gel, and several biochemical and behavioral markers were monitored.In the CAD group, we determined that the DD genotype frequency was 65.7%, whereas 27.6% of the patients carried the ID genotype, and 6.7% carried the II genotype. Within the control group, 57.3% carried the DD genotype, 25.2% carried the ID genotype, and 17.5%carried the II genotype. The odds ratio (OR) of the ACE genotype ID versus the II genotype at a 95% confidence interval (CI) was 2.87 (1.24-6.63, p <0.01), and the OR of the DD versus the II genotype at a 95% CI was 3.01 (1.40-6.44, p <0.004). Our results provide a significant association between the ID and DD ACE polymorphisms in CAD patients in the Saudi population.


Objective: Determine the relationship between miRNAs and MRI-defined cerebral involvement in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).
 Background: Circulating miRNAs are potential biomarkers in inflammatory diseases, such as MS.
 Methods: Circulating miRNAs in serum from 41 MS patients were measured using SybR green PCR (Exiqon). 1.5T brain MRI employed 3-mm conventional spin-echo T2-weighted (dual-echo) and T1-weighted sequences. MRI was expert-traced to quantify whole brain T2 hyperintense (T2LV) and T1 hypointense lesion volume (T1LV). SPM8 segmentation determined normalized whole brain parenchymal (BPF) and gray matter (GMF) fractions to assess atrophy. The expression of 800 miRNAs were correlated to MRI using Spearman's correlations.
 Results: Twenty-two miRNAs correlated with T2LV and 21 miRNAs correlated to T1LV. Ten miRNAs showed a common correlation with both T2LV and T1LV, including miR145; which has been previously shown to differentiate MS patients from controls with high sensitivity and specificity. Twenty-nine miRNAs correlated with BPF; among these, 14 were negatively correlated suggesting increased miRNA expression linked to higher rates of whole brain atrophy. Forty-three miRNAs correlated with GMF; among these 26 were negatively correlated. Twelve miRNAs showed a common correlation with both BPF and GMF, including the let7 and miR-30 miRNA families. We previously showed that let-7a differentiated secondary progressive from relapsing-remitting (RR) MS and controls. The let-7 miRNA family regulates stem cell differentiation and T cell activation, activates Toll-like receptor 7, and is linked to neurodegeneration. miR-30 differentiated RRMS from controls and regulates IL-10 expression in T cells.
 Conclusions: Serum miRNAs are related to brain MRI lesions and atrophy in MS. A different set of miRNAs linked to lesions than the ones linked to atrophy, suggesting the ability to identify surrogate markers in serum for the inflammatory vs. neurodegenerative aspects of the underlying disease process.
 Study Supported by: NIH Disclosure: Dr. Ghandi has received research support from Biogen and Novartis. Dr. Healy has received research support from Merck Serono, Novartis and Genzyme. Dr. Regev has nothing to disclose. Dr. Paul has nothing to disclose. Dr. Von Glehn Silva has nothing to disclose. Dr. Chu has nothing to disclose. Dr. Dupuy has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kim has nothing to disclose. Dr. Khalid has nothing to disclose. Dr. Weiner has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bakshi has received research support from Biogen, EMD Serono, Novartis, Questcor, Sanofi/Genzyme, and Teva Neuroscience.


Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is genetically extremely variable due to the poor proof reading activity of its reverse transcriptase enzyme. Human immunodeficiency virus isolates are highly variable over time, and exhibit changes in biological phenotype during the course of infection. Different HIV variants exist in different tissues, cells and secretions; including genital secretions and cells of human males and females. Virus present in the urogenital cells and secretions determines the risk for sexual transmission of HIV. The precise association of viral variants from genital secretions and cells in the sexual transmission of HIV to the partner is not fully understood. The presence of viral variants may influence affinity to different host cell receptors which may affect the transmission, infectivity, cellular immunity and pathogenesis of HIV. Delineation of the role of host and pathogenic variation will lead to a better understanding of the process of sexual transmission of HIV. Furthermore, it will also help in designing the strategies for development of preventive or therapeutics vaccines and microbicides for control and management of HIV/AIDS.


Extending the scientific teaching of English and French pronunciations [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Suppl. 1 76, S90 (1984)] to adults speaking other languages showed that specific variations in speech acoustics and use of muscles are related basically in the same manner in all humans, but that an added complexity arises from seemingly unrelated speech habits depending on each mother tongue. Final results of advice are thus unpredictable, but practice has shown that progress on various points could be totaled through gradual classifications of oppositions. This could be achieved with a computer program using the speech syllabic data bank (Proc. XIth ICPhS, Tallinn, 1987, Sec. 89.4) together with a much smaller bank on rhythms and stresses in the various languages. The study of fewer than 20 phonetic systems would cover all important speech habits. This would result in the capacity for the computers to "think out," in a matter of minutes, the one among the 16 000 000 odd teaching programs it could devise (Evaluati...


The Chandler wobble is an excited resonance of the Earth's rotation having a period of about 14 months. Although it has been under investigation for more than a century, its excitation mechanism has remained elusive. Here, the angular momentum of the atmosphere computed from the products of a numerical weather prediction analysis system and the angular momentum of the oceans computed from a global oceanic general circulation model driven by observed surface winds and fluxes are used to show that during 1985.0–1996.0 the Chandler wobble was excited by a combination of atmospheric and oceanic processes, with the dominant excitation mechanism being ocean‐bottom pressure fluctuations.


Abstract A highly selective, sensitive, and rapid method has been developed for the spectrophotometric determination of ruthenium with 5-chloro-2-hydroxythiobenzhydrazide after extraction into molten naphthalene. Ruthenium was determined in the range 1.2–4.5 ppm. The complex was stable for more than 12 h with molar absorptivity of 1.516 × 104 L mol−1 cm−1 and detection limit of 0.0066 ppm. The method was found to be selective for ruthenium in the presence of a large number of diverse ions. Ruthenium was determined in various synthetic mixtures. The method permits the sequential separation and determination of ruthenium, osmium, and platinum from their mixtures.


The iso-intensity line curvature algorithm in laser ektacytometry of red blood cells is investigated by numerical simulation. The algorithm is designed to measure the average deformability, as well as the width and asymmetry of the red blood cell deformability distribution in a blood sample under study. The accuracy and scope of the algorithm are determined. Using a bimodal ensemble as an example, the possibility of determining the fraction of weakly deformable red blood cells in a blood sample by laser ektacytometry is demonstrated.


WTO entry will bring great effect on China's educational aim, educational structure, educational industry, distance education, high educational investigation and development, qualified personnel mobile, educational system, educational market and moral education.


The article analyzes the management system and management model and running system of construction project on county level. It summarizes some suggestions and countermeasures to counter existing problems.


Making use of the greenhouse and other assorted equipment, protected horticulture realizes the control of temperature, light, water, fertilizer and air to obtain the production of horticulture under the condition of the best growth environment. The typical mathematical model of greenhouse climate is given in the paper, and based on this model, the control relationship of the key parameters is described. In the latter part of the paper, the control model of greenhouse climate and the structure of neural network model are given, and we discuss the optimal control of a practical greenhouse in the end.


: In recent times in-situ gel systems have emerged as an alternative approach to conventional drug delivery systems. These systems release the drug in a controlled manner by its special feature of 'Sol to Gel' transition. Further, this in-situ gelling system will stay as a solution before administering into the body and convert into a gel post administering into the body due to various physiological conditions. The drawbacks associated with conventional systems of both solutions and gels, such as accurate dosing, ease of administration overcome by using in situ gelling systems. The current review is mainly focused on giving a special emphasis on types, advantages, disadvantages, polymers used in the formulation, preparation of an in-situ gel, approaches, evaluations, and biomedical applications.


[Summary]: Two studies were conducted to examine gymnasts' memory capabilities in relation to skill level (high and low) and age level (8 years and 16 years). The first experiment consisted of two trials performed 7 days apart. In the first trial, gymnasts were briefly exposed to a twelve-element floor routine, and were then required to perform the routine in the same serial order. One week later they were again briefly presented the same sequence, but with the fifth and seventh elements missing. The task was to perform the sequence in order, including the missing elements. The second study involved three trials that were conducted on the same day. A ten-element sequence was briefly presented on the first trial followed by an immediate test of that sequence. One hour later, participants were asked to perform the sequence again (delayed test). An hour following that, the sequence was again presented with two elements missing. The sequence had to be performed with the missing elements. The results indicate that serial position accuracy of a gymnastic floor routine improves with both age and experience, and that the older experienced gymnasts outperformed all the other gymnasts on all phases of the experiments. These results are interpreted within the Ericsson and Kintsch (1995) theory of Long-term Working Memory.


The advancements in medicine and public health measures have made possible, the worldwide decline in the incidence and prevalence of infectious liver diseases (i.e., viral, bacterial, fungal, parasitic etc.) However, with the changing pattern of lifestyle, most of the diseases are now associated with the lifestyle and the chemical-induced diseases are increasing paradoxically in recent years to become a major health problem in the near future. So this thematic issue was conceptualized in view to give comprehensive latest information related to the biomarkers used in the medical sciences.


Abstract Experimental evidence of the bulk photovoltaic effect in photorefractive K1-xLixTa1-xNbyO3 (KLTN) crystals is shown. The dependence of the bulk photovoltaic effect on the pbotorefractive impurities type is presented. The current voltage characteristic is presented for different temperatures. It was found that, in Fe-doped KLTN crystals at low temperature, the bulk photovoltaic effect is the dominant transport mechanism contributing to the photorefractive process.


This paper presents a method that allows measuring the level of self-organization of a collective robotic system. The paper also shows that the method can be used to produce a fitness index that allows using genetic algorithms to train robots to produce interesting navigation selforganising behaviours. The method is based on Boltzmann measure of entropy applied to the movement of the robots in space. The paper presents some results, obtained by using the index to evolve the neural-network controllers of a couple of simulated robot, that validate the method and show that it allows evolving robotic systems characterized by different levels of complexity.


Software systems often have a longer life than expected. Therefore, many elder software systems can be found in practice. Design and development of those systems normaly do not meet the standards of modern software engineering and, in consequence, have not been validated until now. If elder systems should be used in future they must be validated according to the GMP-, GLP- or GCP-requirements. Methods and effort of posterior validalion depend on the aim of future use. If the system can be left unchanged, or if it must be adapted to new hard- or software environment, or if it should be used and supported like a modern system, different techniques must be applied


Information is one of the basic needs of the present. Many services are used as a means to send information messages, one of which is email. With the various conveniences offered by email, causing positive and negative impacts. One of the negative impacts is that an abused email becomes a spam email that has the potential to be detrimental and harm to the recipient. This is the basis for researching to determine the most accurate estimation of spam in emails by comparing the Multinomial Naïve Bayes Classifier algorithm(MNBC), Support Vector Machine algorithm(SVM), and Recurrent Neural Network(RNN) algorithm. The results of the evaluation are presented using the Classification Report to determine the results of accuracy, precision, memory, f1 score of each algorithm used. In this research, the algorithm that produces the greatest accuracy value in spam classification on email is the Support Vector Machine algorithm where the accuracy value of this algorithm is 96%, the precision value is 0.92, recall value is 0.96, and f1-score is 0.94.


Electric vehicles (EVs) are expected to play a critical role in future transportation systems. A number of countries have published roadmaps aiming to facilitate the adoption of EVs on the road. It is estimated that existing charging facilities will not be able to satisfy the tremendous charging demands of a dramatically increasing number of EVs. Following the rapid development of artificial intelligence and mobile communication technology, certain charging pricing mechanism is expected to influence the charging behavior of EV drivers. In order to maximize the working efficiency of highway charging facilities and the consumption of the renewable energy near charging facilities, this paper proposes a pricing methodology taking into account the charging facility service ratio, traffic flow and renewable energy generation. To support the adoption of the proposed pricing methodology, forecasts of hour-by-hour traffic flow and renewable generation as well as calculation of the shortest paths to different charging stations (CSs) are investigated. A road network testbed based on the Dublin traffic network is established to evaluate the proposed pricing methodology. It is discovered that for certain wind-rich CSs, the proposed pricing methodology can increase the consumption rate of wind energy by up to 82.97%, with an average improvement of 30.73%; for certain solar-rich CSs, it can improve the level of solar energy consumption by up to 59.50% and an average increase of 29.28% is achieved. The proposed pricing methodology can also reduce traffic jams to some extent at both peak and off-peak times.


Abstract A stabilized diesel/methanol blend was developed and the combustion characteristics and heat release analysis of this blend was carried out in a compression ignition engine. The study showed that the increase in the methanol mass fraction will result in an increase in the heat release rate in the premixed burning phase and shorten the combustion duration of the diffusive burning phase. Ignition delay increases with the increase in the methanol mass fraction and the behaviour is more obvious at low engine load and high engine speed. The rapid-burn duration varies little with the methanol mass fraction and the total combustion duration decreases with the increase in the methanol mass fraction. At a low engine speed, the centre of heat release curve tends to be close to the top dead centre (TDC), with an increase in the methanol mass fraction at all engine loads and fuel delivery advance angles, the maximum rate of pressure rise and the maximum rate of heat release increase with the increase in the methanol mass fraction. At a high engine speed, the centre of the heat release curve closes to TDC at high engine load and will depart from TDC at low engine load. The maximum rate of pressure rise and heat release gives an increasing trend with the increase of methanol mass fraction at high engine loads. The maximum cylinder pressure increases with the increase of the methanol mass fraction. The presence of oxygen reduces the peak pressure, but the reduction was found to be insensitive to the proportion of oxygen within the 6–11 per cent range of testing.


Leadership within therapeutic practice encompasses the capacity to formulate and accomplish strategies that are mindful of one's ethical duty toward fostering clients' autonomy. Here, clinical practitioners' role as "leader" involves not only sustaining the momentum of the therapeutic alliance, but also contributing toward the purpose of this alliance. The very telos of therapy is to create an environment that facilitates clients' ability to move toward autonomy: to lead clients, paradoxically, beyond a need to engage in the clinical relationship. Here, fostering client autonomy lies at the heart of therapeutic leadership because the experience of autonomy—which is developed interpersonally—expresses itself in a state of internal clarity and cohesiveness through which clients are more capable of exercising control over the trajectory of their life beyond the cessation of the therapeutic relationship. Three characteristics of the therapeutic leader are important in this regard: discernment, determination, and humility. Each of these are most fully exercised when the practitioner possesses a commitment to ensuring an ethic of collaboration and egalitarianism, underpinned by therapeutic "presence."


This paper is the first part of a two-part general review paper on static and dynamic analysis methods, and special topics for the design of double-layer grids (DLGs). This work is part of a forthcoming report of the ASCE Task Committee on Double Layer Grids. In this paper, the current state of the art pertaining to the static and thermal analysis techniques (including linear, nonlinear, and stability analyses) of the DLG as a space form as well as components of the system are reviewed with reference to both practical and research tools. A comprehensive reference list is provided, which covers many of the topics related to the analysis of DLGs. The companion paper discusses dynamic analysis methods and other special topics including optimization and probabilistic design considerations. The information provided is useful to both the practicing engineer and the researcher. Some of the topics presented may not be directly applicable to routine design practice, but they are issues that need to be considered as the design and construction capabilities are enhanced.


The purpose of this article is to describe the process utilized to produce nursing-specific videotapes for application in clinical or educational settings. The three phases, pre-production, production and post-production, are exemplified with the description of the process used by the authors as they developed the Nurseline Video-Assisted Modeling Program (NuVAMP), a video intervention for caregivers of people with dementia that helps them to shape family members' behaviors in activities of daily living. The practical aspects of video production are emphasized, including script writing, budget development, and the video editing process.


The application of association rule mining to classification has led to a new family of classifiers which are often referred to as associative classifiers (ACs). An advantage of ACs is that they are rule-based and thus lend themselves to an easier interpretation. However, it is common knowledge that association rule mining typically yields a sheer number of rules defeating the purpose of a human readable model. Hence, selecting and ranking a small subset of high-quality rules without jeopardizing the classification accuracy is paramount but very challenging. In this paper, Entropy-AC, a new associative classifier based on entropy, is proposed. Information gain and informative rules are defined at first. Then, the algorithm for constructing associative classifier based on informative rules is presented. Experimental results show the proposed associative classifier is effective.


Within the context of use of the Unified Software Method (USM), traceability links are identified between all data elements of a software project that have a relation with another data element. Knowledge of these links provides complete traceability, which in turn means that synchronization of the information in a software project can be maintained. In this article, we propose a method of measurement based on the USM, which is aimed at quantifying the amount of information related to a maintenance action planned on an existing element in a software project. This measurement method makes it possible to quantify the ratio of project information to be maintained to total project information, at the same time as the amount of information involved in the maintenance project being considered.


Shallow gas in the area of the Hangzhou Bay mainly exists in the Holocene and upper Pleistocene of Quaternary. According to component analysis,it is biogas of methan type. Organic geochemical analysis indicates that the biogas source bed has strong or relatively strong reducing environment and rich,good-type organic matter. Continuous and fast sedimentation and good sedimentary environment are important geologic factors to form shallow gas. Favorable reservoir and seal conditions are conductive to its congregation and conservation. In the light of drilling data we know that the favorable reservoir rock layer in this area is mainly built up by fine sandstone, and characterized by shallow buried depth,Youngage, loose and uncon solidation. In this area there is good regioned seal-rock, and the Holocene sub-clay is the main seal-rock.


It is well known that the depolarization effect (DE) must be taken into account when an electron is excited from the localized state in the quantum well (QW) systems. The DE was first discovered by Chen et al. [1]. In their model the quasi-two-dimensional electron gas was represented by an anisotropic plasma slab (with the effective thickness dell) whose spatially uniform conductivity tensor is the average conductivity of the original nonlocal system. (Note that d ell is an adjustable parameter in this local model.) A more sophisticated nonlocal (NL) theory was developed by Allen et al. [2]. Unfortunately, the NL theory is much more complicated when the several SubbandS are involved in the transitions. We have such a situation in the case when the energy of the second Subband E2 is nearly at the top of the barrier (or when the intersubband transitions final states are above the barrier). For this reason in all papers [4, 5] diScussing the influence of the DE on the bound-to-continuum transitions in QW systems the local approximation (LA) developed in Ref. [1] was used. At this point it is worth to note that the problem of influence of the DE on the bound-to-continuum transitions is interesting because the performance of the quantum well infrared detectors dramatically improves when electrons are excited from the bound states in the well to the extended continuum states [7].


ABSTRACT Twenty-four early childhood educators in an urban city in the United States completed a social-emotional learning course as part of an intervention to explore how teachers learn to value and practice positive guidance principles. Affection between 124 teacher-child dyads was tracked weekly to measure change in teacher-child relationships. Phenomenological collaborative inquiry and inferential statistics were used. Findings: (1) positive relational principles (e.g. validate feelings; provide choices; demonstrate love, and others) succeeded in redirecting child behaviour, solving inter-personal conflicts and improving teacher-child relationships, (2) the extent to which teachers valued and became proficient using 8 principles significantly increased (avg. ES = .35), (3) teacher-child affection significantly increased by the end of the course (ES = .91–2.18). Providing competency-based coursework in social-emotional learning with ample opportunities for educators to practice positive guidance approaches can improve the extent to which loving relationships are experienced. Recommendations for practice, policy and research are shared.


In this paper we study strong approximations (invariance principles) of the sequential uniform and general Bahadur-Kiefer processes of long-range dependent sequences. We also investigate the strong and weak asymptotic behavior of the sequential Vervaat process, i.e., the integrated sequential Bahadur-Kiefer process, properly normalized, as well as that of its deviation from its limiting process, the so-called Vervaat error process. It is well known that the Bahadur-Kiefer and the Vervaat error processes cannot converge weakly in the i.i.d. case. In contrast to this we conclude that the Bahadur-Kiefer and Vervaat error processes, as well as their sequential versions, do converge weakly to a Dehling-Taqqu type limit process for certain long-range dependent sequences.


In this paper, three new spider species are described from the Greek Aegean island Lesbos: Tegenaria mael- faiti sp. nov. (Agelenidae), Amaurobius lesbius sp. nov. (Amaurobiidae) and Agroeca parva sp. nov. (Liocranidae), as well as the unknown male of Arabelia pheidoleicomes Bosselaers, 2009 (Corinnidae). Diagnostic features and notes on ecology and distribution of these species are given. Two new records for the island are provided, such that currently 300 spider species are known from Lesbos.


A 19-amino acid long proline-rich antimicrobial peptide (PrAMP) Drosocin (Dro) is encoded in the fruit fly genome. Native Dro is glycosylated at a specific threonine residue, but the non-glycosylated peptide retains antibacterial activity. Dro shows sequence similarity to several other PrAMPs that bind in the ribosomal nascent peptide exit tunnel and inhibit protein synthesis by varying mechanisms. However, the target and mechanism of action of Dro remain unknown. Here we show that the primary mode of Dro action is inhibition of termination of protein synthesis. Our in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that Dro stalls ribosomes at stop codons, likely sequestering class 1 release factors associated with the terminating ribosome. As the result, Dro strongly promotes readthrough of stop codons at subinhibitory concentrations. The elucidated mode of Dro action allows assigning it as the second member of the type II PrAMPs, of which only one representative, the antimicrobial peptide apidaecin (Api) produced by honeybees, was previously known. However, despite its functional similarity with Api, Dro interacts with the target in a markedly distinct way. The analysis of a comprehensive single-amino acid substitution library of endogenously expressed Dro variants shows that binding to the ribosome involves interactions of multiple amino acid residues distributed through the entire length of the PrAMP. Our data further show that the ribosome-targeting activity of non-glycosylated Dro can be significantly enhanced by single amino acid substitutions illuminating directions for improving its antibacterial properties.


BACTERIAL ENDOCARDITIS Moncke, Co.: Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis with Unusual Course. Deutsche med. Wchnschr. 74: 1425 (Nov.) 1949. The author observed 20 atypical cases of subacute bacterial endocarditis. The unusual features were repeatedly sterile blood cultures, normal or only subfebrile temperature, a lack of microembolism and, in more than half of the cases, signs of a diffuse glomerulonephritis. In 12 cases the diagnosis of subacute bacterial endocarditis was confirmed at autopsy; however, cultures from the valves remained sterile. Because the clinical impression was rather that of a focal infection than that of endocarditis lenta, the author suggests the name type F for this group, which he feels will be observed whenever a large number of cases of subacute bacterial endo(arditis are studied. PICK


Recent developments in audio technology mean that content suppliers now have an exciting opportunity to deliver high-quality multi-channel sound to consumers. In contrast to previous attempts using physical media such as DVD-A or SACD, the new method is handy, convenient, consumer-friendly and inexpensive, and allows for content distribution via digital radio, TV broadcasting, Internet streaming or download from online stores. As well as the living room and portable devices such as mobile phones and iPods, the car provides an ideal environment in which to enjoy this impressive media experience, either for surround music by itself or in combination with video.


Low-carbon economics is the theme of our age and it is taken as an ideal form of national economical development by all the countries.As a part of the geological work,the exploration engineering(rock soil drilling and tunneling) is the pioneer of national economic construction,which has inseparable relations with low-carbon economics.This article briefly discussed the relationship of exploration engineering(rock soil drilling and tunneling) with low-carbon economics and the continuous development of the technique itself.


This report provides the design basis and justification for a closure welding technique using the manual Gas Tungsten Are Welding (GTAW) process. Other aspects affecting closure of Canister S00645, e.g., shielding, facility and administrative requirements, etc., are addressed elsewhere.


The previous technology of paddy seedling mechanized throwing transplantation is still
under test and demonstration because of the problems of complicated mechanism, heavy pot soil or
seedling damage, seedling omission, bad flexibility to working condition, low working efficiency,
swerving difficulty and heaping soil, etc. In this paper, a new technology throwing transplanting
paddy seedling by compressed air jet current is presented, and a new transplanter is designed and
made. Some experiments are conducted which prove that the new technology can solve the
problems properly, and the new technology can have the advantages of throwing transplanting
method exerted better.


Objective: To develop a protocol that can be utilised to audit and monitor performance of Head and Neck services. To determine whether the quantitative recovery of lymph nodes from the neck is dependent on operating surgeon, the type of neck dissection and effect of previous radiotherapy or chemo radiotherapy. The question is asked whether this data can be utilised to audit performance of head and neck services and to propose the number of nodes per level that would be considered adequate. Methods: Retrospective analysis of data of 256 Neck Dissections (ND) from 210 patients with mucosal squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck treated at St Georges Hospital between 2003 and 2007. Data were obtained for age, pre-operative TNM staging, surgeon, type of neck dissection, previous radiotherapy, previous chemo-radiotherapy, Total Nodal Yield per Neck Dissected (tNY), Positive Nodal Yield (pNY), Nodal yield per level of neck dissected. One-way analysis of variance was used to determine statistical significance amongst operating surgeons. The tNY and pNY were analysed with factorial analysis of variance to determine differences among types of ND and the effects of radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Setting: The Thomas Tatum Head and Neck Unit at St Georges Hospital, Tooting, London. Results: A significant difference in total nodal yield was found among dissections (p <0.001). Selective neck dissection levels I-III mNY (Mean Lymph Node Yield) was 22.6, I -VI 30 and II-V 19.1. As one would expect the mNY (Mean Lymph Node Yield) from comprehensive ND I-V was 34.1. Previous radiotherapy significantly decreased mean tNY (Total Lymph Node Yield) whereas the presence or absence of preoperative radiotherapy had no significant effect on the positive nodal yield (p =0.6255). The total nodal yield for levels I, III and V showed a higher variability between surgeons. The total nodal yield for selective neck dissection amongst all surgeons was more consistent (Range 19 to 26 nodes). Discussion: The mean recovery rate of 34 nodes for comprehensive neck dissection (I-V) is near the upper limit of what has been reported in the literature. There are significant differences in the recovery of lymph nodes defined by level, and to our knowledge, no specific current guidelines exist in the literature or in the British Association of Head and Neck Oncologists to indicate the number of nodes per level that would be deemed acceptable to adequately stage the neck. Conclusion: We propose that an average of 5 nodes per level should be deemed necessary to adequately stage the neck. The variability between surgeons is significant in harvesting lymph nodes in levels I, III and V. This may represent differences in surgical techniques or experience. Previous radiotherapy did not result in a significant reduction in the nodal harvest of the neck contrary to belief.


Abstract Orientation effect induced in bleachable dye doped planar nematic layer has been observed. It is believed that the effect is caused by dye-induced torque and hydrodynamic reorientation of the layer.


Abstract Background: Tonsillectomy combined with steroid pulse therapy was reported to be effective for patients with IgA nephropathy. However, the mechanisms of the effect of tonsillectomy on IgA nephropathy are unknown. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the involvement of the phosphorylcholine (PC)-specific immune response in the tonsils and peripheral blood of patients with IgA nephropathy. Material and methods: Tonsillar lymphocytes were isolated and the number of PC-specific immunoglobulin-producing cells was measured. Additionally, serum PC-specific immunoglobulin levels were quantified and compared with laboratory findings. Results: The number of PC-specific IgA-producing cells was increased in the tonsils of patients with IgA nephropathy. The value was significantly elevated in the group with a higher risk of initiating dialysis. In contrast, PC-specific IgM levels in the serum were significantly elevated in the group with a lower risk of initiating dialysis. Conclusions and significance: PC-specific immune responses in the tonsils and peripheral blood may be related to the pathological mechanism and progression of IgA nephropathy.


For people wanting or needing publication, writing a letter to a medical journal is a great way to start. There is a good chance that you will succeed by following some simple rules. If not, you will at least have learnt something and not have wasted much time. Compared to writing up your MD it's a low risk strategy and often …


Objective
To explore effect of nicotine on the inflammatory response of chondrocytes induced by interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signal pathway.

Methods
Rat primary chondrocytes were isolated by collagenase digestion. Effect of 10-8, 10-7, 10-6, 10-5 mol/L nicotine on chondrocytes viability was detected by methyl thiazol tetrazolium (MTT). Chondrocytes were divided into 5 groups, normal group (without any drug stimulation), model group (10 μmol/L IL-1β), nicotine low, middle and high dose group (10-8, 10-7, 10-6 mol/L+ 10 μmol/L IL-1β). The viability of chondrocytes was detected by MTT assay. The content of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin gamma (IFN-γ) and IL-6 was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression of nitric oxide was detected (iNOS), p-NF-κB p65 and p-IκBα was detected by Western blotting.

Results
Compared with normal group, 10-8, 10-7, 10-6 mol/L nicotine [(0.52±0.05), (0.64±0.06), (0.78±0.07)] increased chondrocytes' viability (P=0.032, 0.004, 0.000). Compared with normal group, cell viability was decreased(P=0.000), the level of TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-6 was increased [(8.73±0.84), (17.24±1.76), (2.78±0.21) ng/L] (P=0.002, 0.001, 0.001), the expression of iNOS, p-NF-κB p65 and p-IκBα was up-regulated in model group(P=0.003, 0.000, 0.000). Compared with model group, cell viability was decreased, (P=0.009, 0.000, 0.000) the level of TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-6 was reduced [(6.61±0.14), (15.36±1.33), (2.29±0.19) ng/L, P=0.004, 0.000, 0.000; (5.52±0.50), (13.23±1.27), (1.82±0.17) ng/L, P=0.007, 0.000, 0.000; (3.93±0.40), (10.45±1.04), (1.54±0.15) ng/L, P=0.005, 0.000, 0.000], the expression of p-IκBα(P=0.009, 0.001, 0.000) was down-regulated in nicotine low, middle and high dose group, the expression of iNOS and p-NF-κB p65 was down-regulated in middle and high dose group (0.38±0.04, 0.40±0.04, P=0.008, 0.000; 0.31±0.30, 0.30±0.05, P=0.000, 0.000).

Conclusion
These results suggested nicotine could inhibit inflammatory response of chondrocytes induced by IL-1β via inhibition of NF-κB signal pathway.

Key words:
Nicotine; Interleukin-1β; Chondrocytes; Inflammatory; Nuclear factor kappa B signal pathway


Previous research has identified the ability to read code and understand its high-level purpose as an important developmental skill that is harder to do (for a given piece of code) than executing code in one's head for a given input ("code tracing"), but easier to do than writing the code. Prior work involving code reading ("Explain in plain English") problems, have used a scoring rubric inspired by the SOLO taxonomy, but we found it difficult to employ because it didn't adequately handle the three dimensions of answer quality: correctness, level of abstraction, and ambiguity. In this paper, we describe a 7-point rubric that we developed for scoring student responses to "Explain in plain English'' questions, and we validate this rubric through four means. First, we find that the scale can be reliably applied with with a median Krippendorff's alpha (inter-rater reliability) of 0.775. Second, we report on an experiment to assess the validity of our scale. Third, we find that a survey consisting of 12 code reading questions had a high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.954). Last, we find that our scores for code reading questions in a large enrollment (N = 452) data structures course are correlated (Pearson's R = 0.555) to code writing performance to a similar degree as found in previous work.


Homogeneous cell populations can exhibit considerable cell-to-cell variation in the level of a given protein. Both intrinsic and extrinsic sources of noise have been implicated in driving this variability in protein level. More specifically, intrinsic noise is the protein variability that is different across genes and arises from the inherent stochastic nature of biochemical processes involved in gene-expression. In contrast, extrinsic noise is the protein variability that is common across genes and comes from random fluctuations in the levels of shared cellular enzymes. These fluctuations in enzyme levels induce fluctuations in different gene-expression parameters such as the transcription and translation rate. Here, we derive exact analytical formulas quantifying the extent of variability in protein levels in the presence of both intrinsic noise and extrinsic parameter fluctuations. Consistent with previous results, we find that extrinsic fluctuations in the transcription rate enhance extrinsic noise in gene-expression but do not affect the intrinsic noise. Interestingly, analysis reveals that extrinsic fluctuations in the translation rate dramatically increase both intrinsic and extrinsic noise in gene-expression. Implications of our results in the context of quantifying intrinsic and extrinsic noise from two-color reporter systems are discussed. In summary, formulas developed here show how extrinsic parameter fluctuations propagate through the gene-expression process to create heterogeneity in protein level and have important implications for discriminating between alternative sources of stochasticity in gene-expression.


Abstract The taxonomy of the cheliferid pseudoscorpion genus Chelifer Geoffroy 1762 is reviewed with a single cosmopolitan species, Chelifer cancroides (Linnaeus 1758), with the subspecies C. cancroides orientalis Morikawa 1954 from Japan newly synonymised with C. cancroides. Adults and the final two nymphal stages (tritonymph and deutonymph) are redescribed based on numerous specimens from Europe, North America, Asia and Australasia. The large size variation evident in the samples is documented. The latero-ventral process of the tarsal claws characteristically found in adults (except leg I of the male) is lacking in nymphs, a pattern that is also confirmed in the genera Lissochelifer Chamberlin 1932, Lophochernes Simon 1878 and Parachelifer Chamberlin 1932.


A three-dimensional model on the flight elements in BIVIS Extruder was built and the flow simulation of the pulp was performed by a FEM package -- FLUENT and the velocity field and pressure field were generated. Based on the calculated pressure and velocity profile, the shear rate and shear viscosity were simulated. The results show that fibrous materials got more extrusion and cut in positive screw thus the fiber got separated and fibrillated and they also got cut in reverse screw and the materials got even and orderly.


The 16th annual Mid-American Electronics Conference (MAECON) will be held November 23 and 24 at the Continental Hotel in Kansas City, Mo. The theme of the conference is "Measurements and Instrumentation," which has been adopted by MAECON as a continuing theme.


This research entitled Stereotypes and Discrimination in the "Green Book" Movie : Critical Discourse Analysis aims to analyze the stereotypes and discrimination that occur in the main character, Don Shirley. The theory used in this research is critical discourse analysis theory by Van Dijk. In this research, researchers found many expressions or utterances and actions that refer to stereotypes and discriminatory behavior committed by white people against black people in America. This study uses qualitative methods because qualitative is a procedure that produces descriptive data in the form of written and spoken words.  The results showed that this case contained three types of discrimination and stereotypes. First, Individual Discrimination is presented in the unfair treatment by white people against the main black figure, Don Shirley. Second, Institutional Discrimination occurs in the police institution where the police imprison Don Shirley who has not committed a crime at all, but only because he is black. Third, Structural Discrimination occurs in the form of policies carried out by majority races which have a negative impact on racial minorities.


The issue of Japanese POWs and their internment in the Soviet Union has featured prominently in the history of Russian-Japanese relations. This chapter demonstrates the role visual media, in particular paintings, museum exhibitions and theatre performances, has played in transforming the traumatic experiences of POWs into Japanese collective memory. It explores the relationship between the POW experience and the evolving image of Japan's northern neighbour. The chapter proceeds from the assumption that visual means of representation are not only historical sources, but also persuasive 'memory sites', especially so in the case of pictures drawn by former detainees from memory only. It argues that POW memories and related 'memory sites' must be selected in order to reconcile individual and group identities with the requirements of the Cold War and, with the interests of various local agencies, such as the Maizuru Repatriation Memorial Museum. Keywords: Cold War; Japanese POWs; Maizuru Repatriation Memorial Museum; memory sites; Russian-Japanese relations; Soviet Union; visual media


The increasing volume and complexity of waste associated with the modern economy poses a serious risk to ecosystems and human health. However, the remanufacturing and recycling of waste into usable products can lead to substantial resource savings. In the present study, clam shell waste was first transformed into pure and well-crystallized single-phase white light-emitting phosphor Ca9Gd(PO4)7:Eu2+,Mn2+ materials. The phosphor Ca9Gd(PO4)7:Eu2+,Mn2+ materials were synthesized by the solid-state reaction method and the carbothermic reduction process, and then characterized and analyzed by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and photoluminescence (PL) measurements. The structural and luminescent properties of the phosphors were investigated as well. The PL and quantum efficiency measurements showed that the luminescence properties of clam shell-based phosphors were comparable to that of the chemically derived phosphors. Moreover, white light-emitting diodes were fabricated through the integration of 380 nm chips and single-phase white light-emitting phosphors (Ca0.979Eu0.006Mn0.015)9Gd(PO4)7 into a single package of a white light emitting diode (WLED) emitting a neutral white light of 5298 K with color coordinates of (0.337, 0.344).


This roundtable was conducted by email from June 2009 to August 2010. We divided participants into three groups, with each group responding in staggered fashion to the prompts. In this way, group 2 was able to see group 1's responses before they sent in their own. Group 3 was able to see the responses of groups 1 and 2. Through this process, we were able to not only include a remarkably large cluster of participants but also allow for the possibility of dialogue between groups. Group 1 consisted of Roderick Ferguson, Kevin Floyd, and Lisa Rofel. Group 2 included Heather Love, Robert McRuer, Fred Moten, and Tavia Nyong'o. Group 3 was Christina Crosby, Lisa Duggan, Miranda Joseph, Gayle Salamon, and Dean Spade. — Jordana Rosenberg and Amy Villarejo.


This article focuses on how John Keats's experimentation with the sonnet genre led to the development of his famous ode stanza. Several sonnets written in 1818 and 1819, most notably 'If by dull rhymes our english must be chain'd', illustrate Keats's dissatisfaction with traditional forms and his desire for a stanza that could present a more meditative speaker. Providing a brief survey of critical approaches to Keats's odes, the author stresses that the vital connection between ode stanza and the sonnet needs renewed discussion. With close readings of the interplay between syntax and form in the stanzas of Ode on Melancholy, Ode to a Nightingale, and To Autumn, the article attempts in a preliminary way to explore how the odes highlight their speaker's revision of tradition, presenting a lyric voice conscious of its own position in literary history.