Objective:To compare and analyze Pseudomonas aeruginosa(PA)in the ICU. Method:From 2011 to 2011 in our hospital ICU PA in patients with pulmonary infection in the department of clinical specimens were detected,and the results were analzsed. Result:The PA was detected in 54 cases in 2011,while 70 cases in 2012. Multi-drug resistance of PA was detected in 21 cases in 2011,while in 29 cases in 2012. Resistance rates of PA infection in 2012 had greatly improved compared to 2011 in ICU,showing a general downward trend. Multiple drug resistance rate of PA in 2012 had significantly increased compared to 2011 in ICU,showing a gradual upward trend. Conclusion:In ICU,should strengthen the management for hospital infection,the rational use of antibiotics,strengthen policy implementation and supervision,can reduce the PA infection rate. But for multiple drug resistant PA,since is a global problem,cannot avoid completely. Should adopt the way of rational drug use or combination,together with other departments of drug use,reduce or prevent the spread of drug-resistant strains,eventually produce a good therapeutic effect.


The Wooden Seated Amitabha Buddha Triad and Altarpiece have not been the subjects of definitive species identification and scientific analysis. In this study, visual investigation, portable X-ray fluorescence (p-XRF), species identification, and lacquer layer observations were carried out to determine the original materials and conservation status. Cracks, exfoliation and discoloration were detected during the visual investigation. The p-XRF data indicated that chrome oxide green, malachite, gold, cadmium red, cinnabar, minium, hematite, lead white, ink stick (Carbon), and copper were used for pigments and the coronet accessory. Tilia spp., Abies spp., and Pinus spp. were identified from both the Buddha Triad and Altarpiece. Finally, lacquer layer analyses of the base layer, lacquer layer, orange pigment layer, and gold leaf layer observed modern synthetic pigments likely used in previous conservation. As the Korean Cultural Heritage Charter and the International Charter for the Conservation and Restoration of Monuments and Sites clearly state that objects of cultural heritage must be conserved using their original materials, future conservation of these objects should utilize the data obtained in this study to employ traditional materials. Furthermore, a deterioration map diagnosis can be applied together with the obtained analysis data to understand the conservation status of and inform an appropriate and authentic conservation treatment for the Buddha Triad and Altarpiece.


Optimal operation of a chemical reactor according to various performance criteria often drives the system towards critical boundaries. Thus, precise evaluation of runaway limits in the parametric space becomes a crucial problem not only for the reactor's safe operation, but also for over-designing the system. However, obtaining an accurate estimate for operating limits is a difficult task due to the limited validity of kinetic models describing complex processes, as well as the inherent fluctuations of the system's properties (catalyst, raw-material quality). This paper presents a comparison of several effective methods of deriving critical conditions for the case of a tubular fixed-bed catalytic reactor used for aniline production in the vapour phase. Even though the methods being compared are related to one another, the generalised sensitivity criterion of Morbidelli-Varma (MV) seems to be more robust, not depending on a particular parameter being perturbed, when compared to the criteria that detect an incipient loss of system stability in the critical region (i.e., div-methods based on the system's Jacobian and Green's function matrix analysis). Combined application of div- and MV criteria allows for an accurate evaluation of the distance from the reactor's nominal conditions to the safety limits.


For any Calder\'on-Zygmund operator $ T$, any weight $ w$, and $ \alpha >1$, the operator $ T$ is bounded as a map from $ L ^{1} (M _{ L (\log_2 L) (\log_3 L) ^{\alpha } } w )$ into weak-$L^1(w)$. The interest in questions of this type goes back to the beginnings of the weighted theory, with prior results, due to CoifmanFefferman, P\'erez, and Hyt\"onen-P\'erez, on the $ L (\log L) ^{\epsilon }$ scale. The proof follows from a direct analysis of the same estimate for a sparse operator.


Background Certain chemokines and TNF-α family cytokines participate in the development of atherosclerosis and in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Early-onset and severe atherosclerosis is responsible for high incidence of cardiovascular diseases in RA patients. Objectives To investigate the impact of low-cholesterol diet and statin treatment on serum concentration of selected chemokines: CX3CL1 (Fraktalkine), CCL2 (MCP-1), CCL5 (RANTES) and TNF-α family cytokines: TNF-α, CD40-ligand, FAS-ligand, in patients with RA and hypercholesterolaemia. Methods 74 mostly female (93.2%) RA patients, age 59.4±7.3 years, disease duration 8.9±8.4 years, anti-CCP positive 69.8%, disease activity score (DAS28) 3.63±1.15, with serum total cholesterol (TCh) above 200 mg/dl (mean 246±33 mg/dl) were included in the study. All patients participated in a recommended low-cholesterol diet therapy and 36 patients (48.7%) received additional atorvastatin treatment (10 mg daily), according to the ATP III guidelines [1]. Atherogenicity index (AI = TCh/HDL-cholesterol) was calculated and serum concentration of CX3CL1, CCL2, CCL5, TNF-α, CD40-ligand, and FAS-ligand was measured using ELISA (R&D Systems) before and after 4 months of treatment. Statistical analysis was performed using general linear models (SAS System v. 9.3). Results Statistically significant AI decrease after 4 months (4.70 vs 3.63) was observed in the group treated with atorvastatin, but not in the patients with dietary treatment only (3.32 vs 3.76, p<0.001 for interaction effect). CCL5 concentration decreased similarly in both groups during the study (p<0.0001 for time effect). CD40-ligand concentration increased significantly only in the diet group, but in the atorvastatin group it remained unchanged during the trial (p<0.0001 for interaction effect). No differences were observed in the serum concentrations of CX3CL1, CCL2, TNF-α, FAS-ligand before and after the treatment in both groups. Conclusions Atorvastatin treatment influencing serum lipids and lowering atherogenicity index in patients with RA, simultaneously decreases serum level of pro-atherogenic chemokine CCL5 and prevents increase of CD40-ligand concentration. Diet treatment alone does not seem to influence pro-atherogenic factors in RA. References Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adults Treatment Panel III). Circulation 2002; 106: 3143. Disclosure of Interest None Declared


In contemporary media scenario, media content has been altered drastically affected by the factors like globalization, commercialization or deregulation of media. Media including film has become market driven, hence glamour, sensationalism finds prioritized in the media. However, there are always an exceptions, Iranian cinema is one such example.The international fame of Iranian cinema has invited global attention to the new tradition of filmmaking that are based on simple, realist, yet powerful themes. In Iranian cinema children dominate the narratives of films. On the other hand, contemporary Bollywood cinema which is known for its melodrama is also now producing child centric movies. Hindi film representation of Children keeps on changing not only with changing perceptions of audience but also with socio-political condition of the country. There is need to understand and examine the structures of these simple story lines which are not the product of sophisticated technology and commercialization as much as of artistic potential of filmmakers. The given research study 'Comparative analysis of contemporary Iranian and Bollywood films on Children" is qualitative study using film semiotics in the analyses of films borrowing ideas from early theorists Andre Bazin's ideas of mise-en-scene and among contemporaries film theorist Andrew Dix's terms of mise-en-scene. Further the researcher has also borrowed ideas from noted French semiotician Roland Barthes connotation and denotation of images and American Philosopher C.S pierces indexical and symbolic signs in the analysis of film text.


NURSES' KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE RELATED TO ORGAN DONATION By Maureen E. Bishop Nurses today are caring for a wide array of patients that may include potential organ donors or organ transplant recipients. The purpose of this descriptive correlational study was to explore the knowledge nurses possess and the attitude they hold regarding organ donation, using Jean Watson's theory of human caring as the conceptual framework. A convenience sample of approximately 200 registered nurses in a 300-bed medical center, that does not have an organ transplant program was surveyed. The knowledge level had a mean score of 6.69 with a possible high of 11. This suggests that the knowledge level of the registered nurses regarding organ donation is insufficient. The registered nurses were found to have a positive attitude regarding the organ donation process and that their attitude would be influenced by increasing their knowledge of the organ donation process. This study suggests the need for further research into the effectiveness of current education programs for healthcare professionals regarding the organ donation process. Future research should also focus on alternative


I. Introduction A Tumultuous World The Pamphlet and Its Author: The Debate on the Doom of the Dead between George Joye and William Tyndale William Tyndale George Joye The Sources of the Tyndale-Joye Debate The Tyndale-Joye Debate in the Literature: A Status Quaestionis (i) The First Biographical References by Joye's Contemporaries (ii) The Conservative Consensus and Some Exceptions to It (iii) A Shift in the Study of Joye Charles Butterworth and Joye's Only Biography William Clebsch Recent Studies (iv) Conclusion of the Status Quaestionis Methodological Considerations II. Views on Post-Mortem Existence Prior to the Reformation 1. Views on Post-Mortem Existence in the Bible Belief in the Afterlife in the Old Testament Belief in the Afterlife in the New Testament 2. Post-Mortem Existence in the Church Fathers 3. Post-Mortem Existence in the Theology of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance III. Views on Post-Mortem Existence in the Early Reformation Period Introduction 1. Wessel Gansfort 2. Erasmus 3. Jacques Lefevre d'Etaples 4. Martin Luther 5. Andreas Karlstadt and Gerhard Westerburg 6. Philipp Melanchthon 7. Huldrych Zwingli 8. Martin Bucer 9. Heinrich Bullinger 10. Bartholomaus Westheimer and Otto Brunfels 11. William Roye, Simon Fish and William Tracy 12. John Fisher and the Defenders of Purgatory 13. Thomas More 14. John Frith 15. The Anabaptists 16. Conclusion to Chapter Three IV. The Tyndale-Joye Debate in Antwerp 1. Tyndale's Worms New Testament and Its Antwerp Reprints (1526-1533) 2. A Common Protestant Basis 3. Departing Opinions: Tyndale's Position on Soul Sleep 4. Joye's Letter to Latimer and the Letter to Brother William (29 April 1533) 5. Joye's First New Testament (August 1534) 6. Tyndale's Second Foreword in His First Revised New Testament (November 1534) 7. Joye's Second New Testament (November 1534 - January 1535) 8. Joye's Apologye (February 1535) a) Joye's Non-Theological Arguments b) Joye's Theological Arguments i. The Refutation of Tyndale's Theological Arguments ii. The Belief of the Sadducees iii. Private Judgement and the Interim State of the Soul iv. Bodily Resurrection (1 Cor 15, Rev 20) v. The Interim State vi. Joye's Other Exegetical Arguments c) Joye's Scholarship and Sources d) Joye's Style e) Joye's Translational Strategy 9. Aftermath V. Conclusion 1. The Inappropriateness of the Conservative Consensus 2. An Exegetical Debate in Its Context 3. The Legacy of the Tyndale-Joye Debate Appendices 1. George Joye to Hugh Latimer (29 April 1533) 2. John Coke to Brother William (29 April 1533) 3. The 'Attached Paper' 4. Joye's Address 'Unto the Reader' in His Second New Testament 5. Biblical texts where Joye changed 'resurreccion' into 'lyfe after this' Bibliography


The aim of this thesis was the preparation of a biomaterial ink for the fabrication of chemically crosslinked hydrogel scaffolds with low micron sized features using melt electrowriting (MEW). By developing a functional polymeric material based on 2-alkyl-2-oxazine (Ozi) and 2-alkyl-2-oxazoline (Ox) homo- and copolymers in combination with Diels-Alder (DA)-based dynamic covalent chemistry, it was possible to achieve this goal. This marks an important step for the additive manufacturing technique melt electrowriting (MEW), as soft and hydrophilic structures become available for the first time. The use of dynamic covalent chemistry is a very elegant and efficient method for consolidating covalent crosslinking with melt processing. It was shown that the high chemical versatility of the Ox and Ozi chemistry offers great potential to control the processing parameters. The established platform offers straight forward potential for modification with biological cues and fluorescent markers. This is essential for advanced biological applications. The physical properties of the material are readily controlled and the potential for 4D-printing was highlighted as well. The developed hydrogel architectures are excellent candidates for 3D cell culture applications. In particular, the low internal strength of some of the scaffolds in combination with the tendency of such constructs to collapse into thin strings could be interesting for the cultivation of muscle or nerve cells. In this context it was also possible to show that MEW printed hydrogel scaffolds can withstand the aspiration and ejection through a cannula. This allows the application as scaffolds for the minimally invasive delivery of implants or functional tissue equivalent structures to various locations in the human body.


The article's writer suggests that due to the preformation of obligation to pay tax,taxpayers should equivalently enjoy principal tax right such as right of participation,right to know,right of supervition and right of relief by breaking through the traditional law's definition to taxpayer's right.The protection of taxpayer's right conforms with the mordern spirits of rule of law and is capable of strengthening taxpayer's conciousness to pay tax .Moreover,it's the literal request of public finance.For this purpose,it is necessary to constitute such concrete systems as tax hearing and taxation assistance,to reform household register system and to practise effective ways of remedy.


An eighth species of Drepanoxenus Kistner and Watson, D. box sp. n., is described from larvae collected with an undescribed subleminean species of Drepanotermes Silvestri (Isoptera: Termitinae) in the northwest of Western Australia, and larval Drepanoxenus are keyed. It is the first record of a Drepanoxenus from nests of a subterranean species of Drepanotermes.


This paper addresses the problem of coordinating a team of mobile autonomous sensor agents performing a cooperative mission while explicitly avoiding inter-agent collisions in a team negotiation process. Many multi-agent cooperative approaches disregard the potential hazards between agents, which are an important aspect to many systems and especially for airborne systems. In this work, team negotiation is performed using a decentralized gradient-based optimization approach whereas safety distance constraints are specifically designed and handled using Lagrangian multiplier methods. The novelty of our work is the demonstration of a decentralized form of inter-agent collision avoidance in the loop of the agents' real-time group mission optimization process, where the algorithm inherits the properties of performing its original mission while minimizing the probability of inter-agent collisions. Explicit constraint gradient formulation is derived and used to enhance computational advantage and solution accuracy. The effectiveness and robustness of our algorithm has been verified in a simulated environment by coordinating a team of UAVs searching for targets in a large-scale environment.


With the advent of the 21st century the inclusion of electronic systems in almost all the aspects of life is very common. Technology advancements have provided intelligent systems with advanced functionalities that could ease any given process. The 21st century has been evident of the ground breaking research carried out in vehicular technologies. Various electronic driver assist systems have been employed for ensuring ease and safety of the users. Modern day cars represent a symbiosis of several electronic subsystems that collaboratively give a safe and sound driving experience. The complexity of the functions implemented in these systems necessitates an exchange of data between them. With conventional systems, data is exchanged by means of dedicated signal lines, but this is becoming increasingly difficult and expensive as control functions become ever more complex. Controller Area Network is a high performance and high reliable advanced serial communication protocol which effectively supports distributed real time control. The concept plans to make a prototype displaying communication pattern between various electronic modules of a car.


We performed Raman spectroscopy on the Si1−x−yGexCy epitaxial layers grown on Si substrates by ultrahigh vacuum chemical vapor deposition. The incorporation of substitutional C atoms reduces the Si–Si mode frequency of Si1−x−yGexCy, whereas the interstitial C incorporation shifts it up. The ab initio phonon frequency calculation considering the most stable interstitial C site was performed to verify our results and we showed that the V-shaped behavior, showing the decrease and increase of Si–Si mode frequency as the amount of C, originated from the effect of interstitial C incorporation and proposed that the Si–Si Raman vibrational mode frequency shift can be used as a tool to observe interstitial C atoms.


Putrajaya river systems consisting of Sg. Chuau, Sg. Limau Manis and Sg. Bisa were ranked under multicriteria environment to obtain the most suitable river for future development. The rivers were ranked using Multicriteria Decision Making Approach, specifically applying Fuzzy Composite Programming (FCP). There are 3 main objectives of ranking being identified, they are improving water quality, water quantity and minimize cost. The FCP structure developed contained 16 first-level indicators, 7 second level indicators, 3 third level indicator and the final indicators. Sensitivity analysis using 4 different set of weights were carried out to ensure the robustness of the option. The highest ranking river system was Sungai Chuau with the highest ordered sequence value of 0.456. The highest ranking river was also associated with the shortest distance between the fuzzy box and ideal point.


Peruzzi acknowledges his receipt of Bennett's submission to Minos and fishes for possible contributions from Kober's notes and from Blegen, while expressing frustration with the problems and headaches he faces in running a journal.


One secoiridoid glycoside was isolated from the EtOAc-soluble fraction of flowers of Osmanthus fragrans var. aurantiacus by repeated silica gel, octadecyl silica gel (ODS) and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographies. It was identified as (8E)-ligstroside based on spectroscopic methods including NMR and MS. This compound has been first isolated from Osmanthus fragrans var. aurantiacus, and showed BACE1 inhibition activity.


The interfacial electronic structures of cobalt phthalocyanine adsorbed on a semimetal Bi(111) surface have been systematically investigated herein. Our study first indicates that the CoPc molecule is quite sensitive to the adsorption site on the relatively inert Bi(111) surface. Secondly, apparent change of the electronic structures of CoPc has been revealed upon adsorption as compared to that in the gas phase, due to the orbital coupling between the cobalt partial empty state and the surface state from the bismuth substrate and interfacial charge transfer. Interestingly, the local magnetic moment is still retained for the adsorbed CoPc molecule on the diamagnetic Bi(111) surface, which is different to that on other noble metal substrates. Analysis of the charge density difference and the Bader charge provides evident insight on the mechanism of interfacial charge transfer which is chiefly mediated by the central Co atom and the weak vdW dispersion between the π-conjugated macrocyclic ligand and the bismuth substrate, as further confirmed by experimental XPS results. In the end, our report may provide an appealing route towards the fundamental understanding and reliable engineering of interfacial interactions between magnetic and semimetal nanostructures.


Metallic split-ring resonators possess dominant electric dipoles as well as considerable magnetic dipoles under proper excitations. Full-wave numerical approaches are frequently employed to simulate adjacent split-ring resonators, but simulations cannot explain the underlying physics. An analytical theory based on a dynamic electric dipole approximation is developed here. Detailed theory-simulation comparisons demonstrate that this theory can \textit{quantitatively} describe the interaction strength of coupled split-ring-resonators under certain circumstances.


The product quality of the cold-rolled ribbed steel wires and bars, that is usually manifested by their ultimate tensile strength and elongation, was affected by a number of factors, thus failing to meet the product specifications. The cold- rolling procedures was then optimized to enhance the product quality by employing orthogonal tests, carrying out experiments and calculations, and conducting variance analysis and F statistic examinations. The principal factors affecting the quality were thus determined and an optimal process procedure formulated. As a result, the product quality was markedly improved and stabilized, and the acceptance rate of the product increased.


This paper presents the design and optimization of an isolated DC-DC converter that could be potentially selected for advanced multilevel topologies for offshore wind turbine applications. The superior properties of Silicon Carbide material in terms of switching speed, voltage withstand and efficiency provides the possibility to develop a highly optimized DC-DC converter.


Mr. Blundell's account of earlier work by A. F. Hallimond and J. T. Whetton (Bull. Geol. Surv. No. 2., pp 1–17, 1939) is inaccurate in certain particulars and is liable to mislead.


SUMMARY Objective: To demonstrate the etiology and pathogenesis of lateral nystagmus (LN) related to patients with a strabological syndrome with congenital esotropia and variability (SEVA) showing horizontal no-comitance movement (IHA), "billiard ball" phenomenon (FEBB) and latent nystagmus. Material and methods: This is a prospective, transversal, descriptive and observational investigation in SEVA. We explored the horizontal movement under infra-red light to register the different phases and characteristics of LN. Mode 1: Free movement. Mode 2: Movement under application of an occlusive object to the outside movement eye; Mode 3 plaque between both eyes. We made the correlation with electrooculography (EOG) and brain map. Results: We studied 11 patients. The electroencephalography and brain map was correlated to a failure in time of stimulation between both hemispheres, and EOG registered negative waves in Q phase. Conclusions: The cause of LN in SEVA was related to loss of synchronism between hemispheres registered in the beginning of the movement ("disynchronous"). LN is happening secondary to increase of wanted to see, modes 2, 3, and tendency to avoid the nystagmus when demand to see (mode 2). To propose a real treatment directed to the cause, increasing the stimulus to lateral rectus can be obtained by fadenoperation in both medial rectus.


Buildup factors and Monte Carlo techniques have been used to calculate specific absorbed fractions of photon e,nergy in a man's internality. Difficulties are encountered when the distance between the selected source point and the selected target point is greater than 40 mean free path lengths or is quite small. Estimation techniques have been devised to handle these difficulties.


This article analyzes the problems of the continual use of land resources in the Qinghai Lake area. Under the overall mentality instructions which are to maintain ecosystem stability, to promote the existing land resources reasonable use, to protect the ecological environment and to achieve the sustainable development, the study follows the correlativity principle. It proposed the strategic measures of strengthening the policy laws and regulations construction, the steadfast implementing to take back from agriculture also the forest also grass strategy, and making the land ecology economy plan to keep the land resources continue use. To coordinate this area land resource and the development of the human race contradiction, it provides the scientific basis for the sustainable development land utilization management strategy and the method.


The power consumption readings of sub meter and total meter of distribution transformer of low-voltage users follow the law of conservation of energy. The meter power loss rate of abnormal low-voltage users must also be abnormal. This paper studies the solution of the meter power loss rate under the four abnormal power consumption scenarios of single (multi) user and full (partial) period. The traditional linear solution method has accurate identification effect for the abnormal power consumption scenario of full period, but it cannot identify the abnormal power consumption scenario of partial period. In this paper, an improved artificial fish swarm algorithm is proposed. By adjusting the fixed step to the adaptive step, the power loss rate of each sub meter is obtained, and the abnormal power users are pinpointed. The research results are verified by simulation examples on IEEE European Low Voltage Test Feeder. The results show that the improved artificial fish swarm algorithm in this paper can identify abnormal power users for the above four abnormal electric field scenarios. The algorithm provides a new alternative for the identification of abnormal low voltage users.


Despite dramatic changes in Irish special education policy during the last decade, there is little understanding of the factors influencing how special educational needs (SEN) are identified and whether identification varies across different school contexts. International research has tended to focus on how individual child characteristics influence SEN identification. Less attention has been given to other factors such as teacher characteristics or school social mix. Using data from the nine-year-old cohort of the Growing Up in Ireland study, this article examines which children are most likely to be identified with different SEN types taking into account student social background characteristics, teacher characteristics and school social mix. Findings show that children attending highly disadvantaged school contexts are far more likely to be identified with behavioural problems and less likely to be identified with learning disabilities than children with similar characteristics attending other schools. It seems that 'behavioural' issues take precedence over learning difficulties in these schools pointing to a culture of care/containment rather than academic progress.


This paper describes the functional specifications of the SASPENCE system, developed inside the homonymous sub-project in the European co-funded Integrated Project PReVENT. SASPENCE (Safe Speed and safe Distance) concept aims at studying, implementing and assessing a new assisting function, which is able to co-operate with the driver in most critical situations, by means of an optimal HMI, suggesting the most appropriate speed and distance to keep, depending on the external and internal scenarios. In this paper the main functions, the operative scenarios and the main system features are described and detailed.


Entrepreneurship research has flourished since de 1980s, following the institutional development that created schools and courses, research centers and dedicated journals. This paper examines the impact of Joseph Schumpeter, one of the main "knowledge producers" that is still a reference and whose concepts and ideas on the entrepreneur, entrepreneurship and innovation have shaped the discipline and much of the entrepreneurship research conducted to date. Methodologically, we conducted a bibliometric study of the articles published in 17 high stature international journals, over a period of 30 years, between 1981 and 2010. On a sample of 412 articles citing Schumpeter, we analyze and map citations, co-citations and research themes. Results show the multidisciplinarity that has characterized entrepreneurship, revealing the application of the main management theories and concepts to entrepreneurship research and the wealth of research themes that entrepreneurship scholars have delved upon. Moreover, we obser...


Carrier transport and optical properties of optically pumped vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VECSELs) have been analyzed with the aid of the self-consistent numerical model. An influence of active-region design parameters, such as its length as well as number and arrangement of quantum wells, on a carrier distribution and material gain has been investigated. Moreover, a performance of various structures has been compared with the aid of a simple optical model. In particular, increasing number of quantum wells has been found not always to lead to an increasing maximal output power. An arrangement of quantum wells is also of importance. For example, quantum wells located in long active regions far from a chip surface can be not sufficiently pumped. Numerical models described in this paper may give an opportunity to understand more deeply details of VECSEL operation and to design optimal laser structures.


Background: Marketing strategies are viewed as an investment in many corporate entities, often used as tools to maximise shareholders' returns. Objectives: The study aimed to assess the extent to which certain factors affected marketing activities and expenditure impact scheme performance. Methods: The study entailed a univariate analysis of factors that affect marketing activities and expenditure and their impact on scheme performance. The review period of the study was the 2019 expenditure data reported by medical schemes in South Africa. Results: The results indicated that restricted schemes spent significantly less on marketing than open medical schemes in 2019. Similarly, very large and large schemes spend more on marketing fees compared to medium and small. The number of benefit options also attracted a higher marketing expense for medical schemes, with more than four benefit options attracting more elevated levels of marketing fees.


This work was funded by the Icelandic Technology Development Fund and the
Science Fund of the National University Hospital in Iceland. The Blue Lagoon
Ltd. Offered the treatment and the ensuing expenses for patients participating
the study free of charg


Ethylene production by wounded sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) roots varied with storage time and method of wounding. Preliminary experiments showed that wounded cured roots produced more ethylene than freshly harvested roots and roots held in 15°C storage for up to 22 weeks. The longer the sweet potato roots were in storage, the greater the ethylene production from wounded roots. On average, broken roots produced 30% more ethylene than cut roots. Maximum ethylene production occurred 2 to 4 days after wounding. Since ethylene was not detectable 6 hr after injury, it should be referred to as stress-induced rather than wound ethylene.


The endocrine system is one of the primary control mechanisms in the body. This article defines some of the terminology used in describing the endocrine system and describes some examples of hormon...


This paper compiles and evaluates services that use commercial communication satellites for possible usage by the Navy. It also addresses rules and regulations associated with these services. The main conclusions that can be drawn from the evaluation are: i) in order to provide communications from mobile earth stations (e.g., Naval planes or vessels), it is necessary to use MSS frequencies to comply with ITU's rules and regulations and ii) the MSS frequencies available commercially (now or in the foreseeable future) are very limited in bandwidth (only available at VHF/UHF, L-Band and S-Band) and are all used for "off-the-shelf services that provide only voice and low bit rate (<_ 64 kbps) data communications.


The Balanced Scorecard methodology is a comprehensive approach that analyzes an organization's overall performance in at least four ways. Based on the idea that assessing performance through financial returns only provides information about how well the organization did prior to the assessment, so that future performance can be predicted and proper actions taken to create the desired future. The present study tried to point out the major perspectives weighted model for the Balance Scorecard Systems through setting weight for each perspective of a Balance Scorecard which especially can be used in Iranian auto industries. Fuzzy AHP was employed as one of the important items regarding multi-criteria decision making. Regarding results of Fuzzy AHP Organization's Innovation and Learning is the most important perspective and then are Customer Satisfaction, Financial Measures and Internal Processes. It should be noticed that in effectiveness Balance Scorecard, all the perspectives are of not the same importance and a better Balance Scorecard system that makes suitable will tend support for higher performance.


Recent studies have provided improvements in the forecasting accuracy of pavement performance modeling, by statistically modeling pavement performance indicators as a system of seemingly unrelated regression equations (SURE). This approach accounts for cross-equation error correlation as a means to control for unobserved factors that lead pavements in poor condition to observe poor performance indicators. In the state of Indiana, the most common pavement performance indicators are the international roughness index (IRI), the rutting depth, and the pavement condition rating (PCR). Even though the first two indicators can be accurately measured, the PCR is based on engineers' observations of the pavement surface. Therefore, it is possible that the PCR may be measured as a function of the observable IRI and rutting depth. This paper explores this possibility by estimating a three-stage least squares (3SLS) model of IRI, rutting depth, and PCR, using data collected between 1999 and 2011 in Indiana. All three pavement performance indicators are found to be affected by traffic characteristics, previous pavement condition, treatment and surface characteristics, drainage performance, and weather conditions. In addition, the PCR is found to also be significantly affected by the IRI and rutting depth measurements. The results of the 3SLS and SURE models are counterposed, with the 3SLS models providing significant improvements in the forecasting accuracy of the pavement performance. Therefore, pavement performance modeling with 3SLS has the potential to help roadway agencies cut costs through a more effective and efficient allocation of pavement management resources.


This report demonstrates the fabrication of a transparent slippery surface and an investigation of its transparent property by systematically controlling the refractive index. The slippery surface, fabricated by a simple method, was shown to have a water-repellent property similar to those of captured insects sliding into the pitcher of Nepenthes. The as-fabricated opaque porous structures were covered by a siloxane lubricant and showed high optical transmittance in the visible light region. In particular, the difference in the refractive indices between the lubricant and porous structure served as a crucial variable for obtaining a transparent surface. Slippery surfaces were fabricated by using various kinds of nanoparticles (SiO2, Al2O3, ZrO2, and TiO2), and the mechanism behind the transparency of these surfaces was investigated by comparing their transmittances using a UV spectrophotometer. The results show that SiO2 nanoparticle, with a refractive index of 1.46, is the most suitable material for use with the siloxane lubricant. The average transmittance of the slippery surface composed of SiO2 nanoparticle is approximately 80% in the visible light region. Through this study, the transparency of slippery surfaces can be further understood.


The media is increasingly recognized as playing an important role in affecting individual behaviour. In this paper, we examine the effect of an expansion of private television broadcast on fertility in Indonesia. Our district fixed-effects estimation results show that increasing the share of population with access to private television by one standard deviation – from a 78% coverage to a universal coverage – reduces crude birth rate by 6.2%, equivalent to 190,000 fewer births. We find evidence that television causes an increase in the usage of modern contraceptives, but no change in traditional contraceptives usage. The finding that expanding television coverage increases the demand for modern contraceptive shows that policymakers need to ensure that modern contraceptive is easily accessible.

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The copper complexing capacities (CuCC), i.e. organic ligands capable to form stable organic complexes with copper ions, were measured in the Krka river estuary. Krka river estuary is a carstic, salt wedge estuary situated on the Eastern coast of middle Adriatic area. The measurements have been done in 1983, 1984 and in 2008 on the same sampling stations along the estuary. The measurements were performed with electrochemical method of differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV). It has been found that the copper complexing capacity of the fresh water layer is several times higher (from 100 up to 270 nM) than of the saline layer beneath it (from 10 up to 130nM).The concentrations of surface active substances ( SAS) were also higher in the layer above halocline (0.120 to 0.170 mg dm-3 eq. Triton-X-100), while below it the values were lower (0.085 to 0.127 mg dm-3 eq. Triton-X- 100). The average result for CuCC measured in 2008, of 103 nM is not different from the average value measured by the same technique 25 years ago ( the average value of all measurements in 1983 and 1984 is 105 nM). This indicates that there is no change in the amount of dissolved ligands capable to complex copper ions in this long period of time.The speciation modelling have shown that more than 99% of copper is present as organic complexes while free(hydrated) copper ion concentration is below the toxicity threshold of 10 -11 M, although in some situations total free (hydrated)+ inorganically complexed copper could be above this threshold level.


Objectives: We evaluated the extent to which implementation of student participation programs in serving school meals impacts student perception and satisfaction with school foodservice in middle and high school settings. Methods: Students' perception of management and satisfaction with quality attributes of school foodservice were assessed by questionnaire methods and compared by the program implementation status of student participation in serving school meals. Correlation and multiple regression analyses were performed to identify factors affecting perception and satisfaction. Results: The overall mean score for perception regarding the management of school foodservice was low (3.53 out of 10 points) and middle school students showed a higher mean score than high school students (4.10 vs. 2.94 points). In both middle and high schools, student perception was significantly higher in schools implementing the program. The average score for student satisfaction with the quality of school foodservice was 3.50 out of 5 points. Similarly, we observed a significantly higher satisfaction among middle versus high school students (3.93 vs. 3.04 points) and in schools implementing the program versus those that were not. Overall, student participation in serving school meals resulted in increases in satisfaction with school foodservice of 0.269 and 0.466 points among middle and high school students, respectively. Conclusions: Implementation of student participation in serving school meals could be used as a strategy to improve perception and satisfaction of students with their school foodservice. Establishment of guidelines of student serving participation programs encompassing different perspectives from students, dietitians and school faculties are warranted.


[Objective]To understand women from other provinces(WFOP) rel-ated control and prevention status in county JU,and to provide references for the im-provement of government support in HIV/AIDS control and prevention.[Methods]Field observation and in-depth interview methods were used to understand mastery degree about HIV/AIDS knowledge of related people and management measures about WFOP.[Results]21 people were interviewed,whose HIV/AIDS awareness rate were low,and they had fear psychology on HIV/AIDS and WFOP,propaganda and education on control and prevention of HIV/AIDS was very few.[Conclusion]AIDS related knowledge is lack to government departments,information circulation about HIV/AIDS is difficult between them,HIV/AIDS control and prevention belong to passive defense in county JU,and they are lack of positive safeguard.


TAR The present study investigates the effect of energy consumption on economic growth and emission through applying non-linear framework, STR and TAR, using the annual data from 1969 to 2017. Therefore, impact of energy consumption on economic growth and emission have been tackled using two models. In both, energy consumption causes the breakpoint and effects of included variables are depending on the value of energy consumption. Discussing the economic growth, the growth fossil fuel energy consumption variable is considered as a transition variable at 12 percent value. For emission beside the energy variables, total population used as control variable and for economic growth, physical capital. The prominent point in this framework is that in both of them, the fossil fuel consumption growth variable has been chosen as threshold variable which is in fact policy making variable. Due to asymmetric impacts of included, variables on emission and economic growth which both are highly crucial, nonlinear approach capture the dynamics much better and gives clear descriptions to policy maker on how to react according to the state's economy is in. Received: 10 September 2018 Revised: 14 October 2018 Accepted: 1 November 2018


Organizations are arenas in which multiple group memberships exist and become prime sources of identity for individuals. Indeed, managing multiple identities in the workplace is an increasingly common feature of organizational life. This symposium comprises four scholarly papers that bring to light some of the unique challenges associated with managing multiple identities and how individuals and collectives respond. Key areas of focus include the collective construction of meaning and identity for groups that are nested, the agentic role of individuals in activating (or suppressing) one or more identities, and the impact of individuals' identification with different groups (organization, division, demographic group) and with the leaders of these groups on group-serving behavior. The empirical research to be presented in this symposium advances theoretical perspectives on the social and psychological dynamics inherent to the work of multiple identity management in organizations. Label meaning and identity ...


Studies of atmospheres of directly imaged extrasolar planets with high-resolution spectrographs have shown that their characterization is predominantly limited by noise on the stellar halo at the location of the studied exoplanet. An instrumental combination of high-contrast imaging and high spectral resolution that suppresses this noise and resolves the spectral lines can therefore yield higher quality spectra. We study the performance of the proposed HiRISE fiber coupling between the direct imager SPHERE and the spectrograph CRIRES+ at the Very Large Telescope for spectral characterization of directly imaged planets. Using end-to-end simulations of HiRISE we determine the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of the detection of molecular species for known extrasolar planets in H and K bands, and compare them to CRIRES+. We investigate the ultimate detection limits of HiRISE as a function of stellar magnitude, and we quantify the impact of different coronagraphs and of the system transmission. We find that HiRISE largely outperforms CRIRES+ for companions around bright hosts like β Pictoris or 51 Eridani. For an H = 3.5 host, we observe a gain of a factor of up to 16 in observing time with HiRISE to reach the same S/N on a companion at 200 mas. More generally, HiRISE provides better performance than CRIRES+ in 2 h integration times between 50 and 350 mas for hosts with H < 8.5 and between 50 and 700 mas for H < 7. For fainter hosts like PDS 70 and HIP 65426, no significant improvements are observed. We find that using no coronagraph yields the best S/N when characterizing known exoplanets due to higher transmission and fiber-based starlight suppression. We demonstrate that the overall transmission of the system is in fact the main driver of performance. Finally, we show that HiRISE outperforms the best detection limits of SPHERE for bright stars, opening major possibilities for the characterization of future planetary companions detected by other techniques.


Effects of coherent jamming on the performance of sidelobe canceller are studied in this paper,and the expression of cancellation ratio of single sidelobe canceller under coherent jamming are derived.It is proved that coherent jamming brings deterioration to the performance of sidelobe canceller,and the systems go worse with the enhancement of the coherent jamming and target signal.In the end,corresponding simulation results are given.


The aim of this work was to analyze the vegetative propagation of Bertholletia excelsa through the mini-cutting technique, with the aid of rhizobacteria mixes. The methodology used was based on the collection of roots of B. excelsa, from which rhizobacteria were bioprospected. From them we formed mixes, for inoculation of mini-cuttings in the plantings in tubes containing commercial substrate, after 90 days they were dug up to collect the data. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, consisting of 6 treatments (5 mixes and controls) with 6 replications, with 1 mini-cutting for each replication. The data were made available in an excel table. The variables analyzed were: survival, callus formation, formation and length of mini-cutting roots. According to MINITAB, the survival of mini-cuttings treated with rhizobacteria x controls presented a significant difference by the KRUSKAL-WALLIS test (p-0.01), for the other variables there was no significant variation. The MAO5PB mix, consisting of MAOPB12A, 12K, 12L, 12J and 12C bacillus, through qualitative analysis, was selected as the most productive and the 5 bacteria that constitute it were molecularly identified: PB12A as Bacillus wiedmannii; 12K as B. paramycoides; 12L as Lysinibacillus fusiformis; 12J as B. paramycoides and 12C as Lysinibacillus fusiformis. This work allows to affirm that it is possible to propagate B. Excelsa through the minicutting technique helped by rhizobacteria and contribute to reduce the pressure in the forest, with recovery of degraded areas, increase commercial production and support small producers in the B. Excelsa wood and nut production chain.


We propose using reinforce algorithm as a model-free method to synthesize computer-generated holograms. We show in simulation that our method reconstructs holograms with comparable fidelity as prevalent model-based method.


Composite materials have been used in many industrial applications due to their light weight and high tensile strength. However, the machining costs of these materials may be high and the grinding of these materials is much more susceptible to surface damage as compared to metals. Electrolytic InProcess Dressing (ELID) grinding can be used to machine hard and brittle materials to achieve high surface quality and high material removal rate. In the present work, to conduct experiments, the Design of Experiments (DOE) technique is developed for five factors at three levels. Experiments have been conducted for measuring surface roughness, hardness and metal removal rate based on the DOE technique in an ELID grinding machine using a carbon boron nitride wheel. The experimentally measured values are also used to train the feed forward back propagation neuro-fuzzy for prediction of surface roughness. The predictive neuro fuzzy model was found to be capable of better prediction of surface roughness, hardness and metal removal rate within the trained range


A biclique of a graph G is an induced complete bipartite graph. A star of G is a biclique contained in the closed neighborhood of a vertex. A star (biclique) k-coloring of G is a k-coloring of G that contains no monochromatic maximal stars (bicliques). Similarly, for a list assignment L of G, a star (biclique) L-coloring is an L-coloring of G in which no maximal star (biclique) is monochromatic. If G admits a star (biclique) Lcoloring for every k-list assignment L, then G is said to be star (biclique) k-choosable. In this article we study the computational complexity of the star and biclique coloring and choosability problems. Specically, we prove that the star (biclique) k-coloring and k-choosability problems are p 2-complete and p 3-complete for k > 2, respectively, even when the input graph contains no induced C4 or Kk+2. Then, we study all these problems in some related classes of graphs, including H-free graphs for every H on three vertices, graphs with restricted diamonds, split graphs, and threshold graphs.


Background: Tracheostomy is frequently performed surgical procedure. The present study was carried out to assess data on various indications, surgical issues if any, complications and outcomes of paediatric tracheostomy. Methods: This study is a retrospective analysis of 32 paediatric patients between 1 to 12 years of age, who underwent tracheostomy at SAIMS, Indore between June 2015 to June 2019. Data was analysed in terms of patient age, sex, emergency or planned procedure, any surgical challenge, complications and post-operative follow up. Results: Majority of patients were of prolonged intubation due to respiratory and laryngotracheobronchitis (15.6%) each, neuromuscular disease (15.6%), seizure disorder (9.4%), metabolic disease (9.4%) and neurological infection (6.3%). Obstructive causes included head injury (9.4%), sub-glottic stenosis (6.3%), malignancy (6.3%) and craniofacial anomaly (3.1%). Common complication encountered were partial blockage of tube, peri-stomal granulation and accidental decannulation. There was no tracheostomy related mortality in this study. Out of 32 patients, 16 were successfully decannulated, 6 were lost to follow up, 6 could not be decannulated and 4 expired due to worsening of primary disease. Conclusions: There is a changing trend in indications of tracheostomy and overall complications have reduced due to trained team and better care facility.


Pediatric arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are rare, complex lesions. In the pediatric population, AVMs have a tendency to cause intracerebral hemorrhage, and they are responsible for 14% to 57% of cerebral hemorrhages in this age group. The rate of intracerebral hemorrhage caused by AVMs in adults is significantly lower, accounting for 1% to 2% of hemorrhages. The natural history of AVMs in the pediatric population can be hazardous; therefore, observation is less favorable for lesions that have bled. Many pediatric AVMs can be treated through surgery, embolization, stereotactic radiosurgery, or a combination of these. It was Cushing and Bailey in 1927 who recorded obliteration of an irradiated AVM after it was surgically explored. After this, refinements in the radiation delivery method through the use of the stereotactic technique and image guidance have made treatment of AVMs with elegant systems such as the Gamma Knife safe and effective. Nowhere is the need for an accurate radiosurgery device more necessary than in children. The pediatric brain is in constant development; the vasculature is immature; and the consequences of nonconformal dosing to normal brain may be permanent and impede neurological development. There are further concerns regarding the long-term complications of radiation treatment in the pediatric patient such as secondary malignancies (including brain tumors), cyst formation, and radiation necrosis. The following is a review of the treatment of pediatric AVMs with Gamma Knife radiosurgery based on the literature and experience from our institution with Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) for . 1300 AVM patients, . 200 of whom were children.


Indonesia is an archipelago country brings a logic consequence in transportation that is coming up the traffic movement inter island to fulfill the need of goods and service. Like happen to the movement of Ulu Siau-Manado which is geographically the area located in North Sulawesi province which separated by the ocean. The transportation's connection to reach Ulu Siau until now, it's only using ocean line, by using moda ship transportation. The objectives of this research is to find out the factors which influenced toward the chosen of transportation moda for the proper trip's route of Ulu Siau-Manado developed in the study area. The methodology used were qualitative and quantitative with stated preference method. The data were collected by interview and observation. The sample was taken 200 from the member of respondence from the ship passangers of Ulu Siau-Manado route. The data were analyzed descriptively with proportion model, difference model, and ratio model. Calibration model was done by multiply regresion analyze. From the research it can be concluded that speed ship transportation moda became the first chosen of passangers. Followed by to keep the speedy, safety, and comfortable factors which already have on speed ship.


Response rate of recognition is a key factor for a speech recognition system as well as recognition correct rate and noise robust property.An embedded speech recognition system is designed and realized in this paper.Its hardware′s core processor is TMSDC6713.Speech recognition system′s software consists of several modules such as computation of MFCC,dynamic time warping algorithm,judgment of recognition result,etc.This paper introduces some effective ways to optimize C language,including the hardware feature,elimination of dependency among instruction registers,algorithm optimization and improvement of code structure,and gives the experiment result.


Abstract (E): The hermeneutic processes used by Aby Warburg in Mnemosyne and by Chris Marker in his found-footage films Le Tombeau d'Alexandre and Le Fond de l'air est rouge can be compared and studied in parallel in order to consider the elements which, in these historical pieces of work, allow one to implement a new form of construction of memory. Fragmentation, the editing of images and the reflexion over plastic recurrences in Chris Marker's cinematic editing, as well as in Warburg's plastic approach create a vision of time that is unstable, non-linear, anachronistic, which allows one to tackle history as an « untimely » form made of resurgences, persistences, vestiges. Both processes eventually tend towards a reflexion over the various modes in which a historical event can be perceived. Abstract (F): Les demarches hermeneutiques d'Aby Warburg dans Mnemosyne et de Chris Marker dans ses films de compilation Le Tombeau d'Alexandre et Le fond de l'air est rouge, peuvent etre rapprochees et etudiees conjointement afin d'envisager ce qui, dans ces travaux historiographiques, permet de mettre en oeuvre une nouvelle forme de construction memorielle. La fragmentation, le montage des images et la reflexion sur les recurrences plastiques dans le montage cinematographique de Marker comme dans la demarche plasticienne de Warburg creent une vision du temps labile, delinearisee, anachronique qui permet d'aborder l'Histoire comme une forme « intempestive », faite de resurgences, de remanences, de « survivances ». Les deux demarches tendent finalement a une reflexion sur les differents modes de reception des avatars de l'Histoire.


Along with the development of information technology, the demand on uniformly enforcing authentication and authorization for multiple organizational applications is increasing. However, it is challenging for original applications to integrate with an uniform authorization infrastructure because each of them has respective separate logic. To solve this problem, in this paper, an approach of enforcing organizational wide authorization and access control for object-oriented application is proposed, which realizes a uniform authorization and access control mechanism. The concept of abstract resource is introduced to bridge the gap between uniform authorization logic and application logic. And the abstract resource shields the specific details of an application system, so that it can provide supports for easier management of high-level authorization and uniform access control. In the end, the analysis of our approach is given. The proposed approach is integrated tightly with application, easy to manage, and able to effectively enforce uniform authorization and access control in organizational wide multiple applications. Keywordsaccess control; uniform authorization; abstract resource; manageable


WSNs(Wireless Sensor Networks) are vulnerable to security attacks due to the communication nature and limited computation capabilities of the sensor nodes.The key management scheme is crucial to enable encryption and authentication among sensor nodes to protect confidentiality,integrity and availability of the communications of WSNs.Based on studying key management schemes of WSNs,a key management scheme is proposed based on EBS,it can refresh the keys in WSNs securely and efficiently.The final analysis shows that this scheme enhances network security while conservatively consuming nodes' compute resources,meanwhile,it saves the resources of WSNs.


Thianthrene cation radical tetrafluoroborate (Th•+BF4-) added to 2-butyne, 3-hexyne, 4-octyne, and 5-decyne in MeCN to form trans bisadducts R(Th+)CC(Th+)R, where R = Me, Et, Pr, Bu (7a−d). Phenoxathiin cation radical tetrafluoroborate (PO•+BF4-) added similarly to the last three alkynes to form adducts R(PO+)CC(PO+)R, 8b−d. Cyclic monoadducts were not found. The trans structures of 7 and 8 were deduced with X-ray crystallography (7c) and NMR spectroscopy. When solutions of adducts in CHCl3 and MeCN were deposited on activated alumina, elimination of thianthrene (Th) and phenoxathiin (PO) occurred almost quantitatively. Detailed studies with (7b−d) indicated that a cumulene (15) was formed by the elimination of Th and that 15 was subsequently converted into small amounts of other products. In CHCl3, these products were the respective alkyne, thianthrene 5-oxide, an α-diketone (11), an α-hydroxyalkyne (12), and hydrogen. The same products were formed in MeCN along with an α-acetamidoalkyne (13). The format...


In the present paper we introduce cyclic-parallel τ-curvature tensor on (κ, μ)-contact metric manifolds. We investigate some curvature properties of these type manifolds and we obtain that these type of manifolds have cyclic-parallel Ricci tensor under some conditions. Furthermore, we get these type of manifolds are K-contact under some special cases and we obtain that M is locally isometric to the product En+1 × Sn (4) under some algebraic conditions.


Preface Chapter One, Background for the Study Chapter Two, The later Neolithic Contexts Chapter Three, Franchthi Ceramic Phase 3 (FCP3): The Pottery Chapter Four, Franchthi Ceramic Phase 4 (FCP4): The Pottery Chapter Five, Franchthi Ceramic Phase 5 (FCP5): The Pottery Chapter Six, The Implications of the Pottery Analysis Document 1, Franchthi Clay (FC) Objects Document 2, Post-Neolithic Franchthi by James A. Dengate Bibliography Index Tables Plans Figures Plates


Data sense and recovery in wireless sensor systems have a general request in areas such as defense and inspection monitoring, and command and control in battlefields. In query-based wireless sensor systems, a user would subject a question and expect a answer to be returned within the limit. While the use of fault acceptance devices through idleness improves query reliability in the presence of changeable wireless message and sensor faults, it could reason the energy of the system to be quickly tired. Therefore, there is an inherent trade-off between query reliability versus energy consumption in query-based wireless sensor systems. In this paper, develop fault-tolerant quality of service (QoS) control algorithms based on hop-by-hop data delivery utilizing "source" and "path" redundancy, with the goal to satisfy application QoS requirements while prolong the duration of the sensor system. To develop a mathematical model for the lifetime of the sensor system as a function of structure parameters including the "source" and "path" redundancy levels utilized and discover that there exists optimal "source" and "path" redundancy below which the lifetime of the system is maximized while satisfying application QoS requirements. Numerical data are presented and validated through extensive simulation, with bodily understandings given, to show the possibility of our algorithm design. Keywords—Wireless sensor networks, reliability, timeliness, query processing, redundancy, energy conservation, QoS, mean time to failure.


The CJ6 bacterial strain, which possesses strong antifungal activity, was isolated from meju and identified as Bacillus polyfermenticus based on Gram staining, biochemical properties, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. B. polyfermenticus CJ6 showed antimicrobial activity against the various pathogenic molds, yeasts, and bacteria. Antifungal activity from B. polyfermenticus CJ6 was reduced after 24 hr at 70℃ but antifungal activity was not completely destroyed. The antifungal activity was stable in the pH range of 3.0~9.0, and inactivated by proteinase K, protease, and α-chymotrypsin, which indicate its proteinaceous nature. The apparent molecular masses of the partially purified antifungal compound, as indicated by using the direct detection method in Tricine-SDS-PAGE, was approximately 1.4 kDa.


Assessing pre- and postoperative quality of life (QoL) is essential to quantify the magnitude of improvement in disease burden after ventral hernia repair (VHR). Here, we identify patient and operative factors associated with QoL improvement after VHR.

 Patients that underwent VHR by a single surgeon were retrospectively identified and included if they had minimum 1 year of follow-up, and completed pre- and postoperative Abdominal Hernia-Q (AHQ) questionnaires. Patients were divided into quintiles based on absolute pre- to postoperative improvement in AHQ score. Chi-squared and fisher's exact tests were used for categorical data, and Student's t-test for continuous data, as appropriate.

 Compared to the lowest quintile (n = 27, follow-up 32.6 months, mean improvement 3.24 [SD 10.4]), patients in the highest quintile (n = 26, follow up 23.9 months, mean improvement 66.3 [SD 12.1]) were female (76.9% vs 37.0%, p = 0.005) with a greater number of previous hernia repairs (mean 2.12 vs. 0.78, p < 0.005) and previous abdominal surgeries (mean 4.0 vs 2.0, p < 0.001). Patients with greater improvement also had higher incidences of delayed healing (42.3% vs 7.41%), required more office visits (5.54 vs 3.89), and had higher inpatient costs ($30,084 USD vs. $16,886, all p < 0.05). No significant differences were seen in terms of race, ethnicity, body mass index, age, length of stay, Clavien-Dindo scores, hernia recurrence, or other postoperative complications.

 Despite increased preoperative risk and healthcare burden, some of the most significant QoL improvement after VHR is demonstrated in patients with complex repairs and recoveries. This indicates the global utility of VHR regardless of patient demographics and complicating perioperative factors.


Partzsch, M.: Germination biology of eight short-living ruderal and segetal species – Hercynia N. F. 43 (2010): 149 –166. Knowledge on the germination behaviour of plant species allows to draw conclusions to be drawn on their associated regeneration capacity. Open field observations indicate that short-living species often produce high numbers of seedlings. For this study we collected samples from eight species (Berteroa incana, Camelina microcarpa, Lepidium campestre, Medicago lupulina, Microrrhinum minus, Odontites vulgaris, Thlaspi arvense and Trifolium arvense) which commonly occur throughout a climatic dry region in central Germany in the vicinity of Halle/S. to investigate their germination behaviour under different temperature and light conditions. A proportion of the mature seeds collected was used for an initial germination experiment while the rest were buried in soil to ensure hibernation until the following experiment phase under similar conditions the following spring. The germination experiments were carried out under cold (8/4 °C), regular (20/10 °C) and hot (32/20 °C) temperature conditions and under an alternating light-dark regime (12h : 12h). Thirty or forty batches of seeds (n = 4) were placed on filter paper in Petri dishes and kept permanently moist with de-ionized water. All germinated seeds (radicula being visible) were counted every two to three days. The experiments lasted 45 days and, after each experiment, the remaining seeds were tested for viability. In general, the germination percentage and velocity of the investigated species was highest under warm temperature conditions, which corresponds with the optimum development period in any year. However, with the exception of Berteroa incana, germination in the year of harvest was surprisingly low. The seeds of Berteroa incana were not dormant and germinated equally well after harvest and after hibernation. Berteroa incana belongs to the transient seed bank type. The dormancy of Camelina microcarpa, Lepidium ruderale and Microrrhinum minus was broken after hibernation, whereas Medicago lupulina, Odontites vulgaris, Thlaspi arvense and Trifolium arvense remained dormant. The first three species germinated between 50 and 94 % at 32/20 °C in the second year and built up a short-term persistent seed bank. Germination of the four latter species was very low (approx. 40 % or lower), and after hibernation, their dormancy was not significantly broken, rendering their seed bank of the long-term persistence. Key words: Germination, dormancy, natural stratification, seed bank type, viability


This paper describes the development of a hybrid neural network/fuzzy logic system for detection and prevention of helicopter flight limit exceedances. The hybrid system uses neural networks to model several limits associated with the UH-1H helicopter. Fuzzy logic (FL) algorithms characterize the aircraft's flight condition with respect to these limits, and provide a continuous measure of limit exceedance. This approach offers more flexibility than a binary classification of limit exceedance (e.g., 0 for not exceeded, 1 for exceeded), since a continuous measure of cxcccdance with a specified threshold can warn of impending exceedances, particularly through the use of state rate information. This approach to characterizing limit exceedance can support a wide variety of pilot cueing modalities, including direct control intervention, In this study, the FL-derived measures drive control blending logic that mix pilot inputs with limit protection control inputs designed to prevent exceedances. The hybrid approach was implemented and tested in an off-line engineering six degree-of-freedom simulation model of the UH-1H. Results show that the approach is feasible and that it offers considerable potential for implementing onboard limit protection in rotorcraft.


As a complicate batch process,the final product qualities of injection molding process are easily influenced by improper given process parameters. With the modified PSO-BP algorithm as optimization model,process parameters are optimized to make part warpage and shrinkage arriving at their optimal values. Firstly,an improved particle position updating strategy is proposed to overcome the low convergence rate and easily falls into local optimization of BP neural network.Subsequently,a prediction model about process parameters and the optimized objectives is established. Then,taking the orthogonal experiment samples as input data and the output data generated from Moldflow software,the better process parameters are got through PSO with the grey correlation degree fitness function. The experimental analysis shows that the warpage and the shrinkage of the plastic parts both become smaller with the proposed method,which demonstrates this algorithm can provide a faster and better tool to optimize injection molding process parameters.


We show how a high-performing, fully distributed and symmetric neural V-formation controller can be synthesized from a Centralized MPC (Model Predictive Control) controller using Deep Learning. This result is significant as we also establish that under very reasonable conditions, it is impossible to achieve V-formation using a deterministic, distributed, and symmetric controller. The learning process we use for the neural V-formation controller is significantly enhanced by CEGkR, a CounterexampleGuided k-fold Retraining technique we introduce, which extends prior work in this direction in important ways. Our experimental results show that our neural V-formation controller generalizes to a significantly larger number of agents than for which it was trained (from 7 to 15), and exhibits substantial speedup over the MPC-based controller. We use a form of statistical model checking to compute confidence intervals for our neural Vformation controller's convergence rate and time to convergence.


We applied the electrochemical atomic layer epitaxy (ECALE) methodology to obtain deposits of CdS and ZnS on Ag (111) by alternate underpotential deposition of the elements forming the compounds. The amounts of the elements deposited, determined by stripping coulometry, always yielded a stoichiometric 1:1 ratio. The deposits were formed using an automated electrochemical deposition system, described here, making use of a simple distribution valve.


OBJECTIVES
Oral leukoplakia is a potentially malignant disorder of the oral mucosa. The aim of this retrospective study was to identify the factors that possibly predict malignant transformation in a well-defined cohort of patients with a long-term follow-up. All leukoplakias were staged according to a clinicopathological classification and staging system. Furthermore, a certainty factor has been used with which the diagnosis has been established.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
The group consisted of 144 patients. The size, presence and degree of epithelial dysplasia were incorporated into a clinicopathological classification and staging system. Initial management consisted of surgical excision, CO2 laser vaporisation or observation only. The mean follow-up period was 51.2 months (s.d. = 39.33, range 12-179 months).

RESULTS
In 16 of 144 patients (11%), malignant transformation occurred between 20 and 94 months (mean 57.0 months) after the first visit, the annual malignant transformation rate being approximately 2.6%. A large size of the lesion (≥ 4 cm) showed to be the only statistically significant predictor of malignant transformation (P = 0.034).

CONCLUSION
A size of ≥ 4 cm showed to be the only significant predicting factor of malignant transformation in oral leukoplakia. No other epidemiological, aetiological, clinical or histopathological parameters were of statistical significance.


We investigated binary axicons with periods 4 um, 6 um and 8 um, manufactured by photolithography technology with resolution 1 mm, depth 500 n m and diameter 4 mm. It is shown experimentally that in the near diffraction zone along the optical axis at a distance of up to 40 um from the a xi- con appear focal spot with a diameter of 3,5 λ up to 4,5 λ (for the axicon with a period T =4 um) and from 5 λ to 8 λ (for the axicon with a period T =8 um), λ - wavelength of light (λ =0.532 um). First focus arises at a distance of 2 um (T =4 um), and focal spots appear with a period of 2 um (for T =4 um) and 4 um (for T =8 um). We produced simulation of diffraction of plane and diverging linearly polarized light waves with the program FullWAVE (RSoft) and the original program R-FDTD, that implement finite difference methods for 3D solution of Maxwell's equations in Cartesian and cylindrical coordinate systems. Numerical values of the diameters of focal spots on the optical axis in the near diffraction zone for the axicon with a period T=4 um agree with experimental data.


Hydrometra is the accumulation of fluid within the uterine cavity. Hydrometra may be manifested alone or in combination with other manifestations of reproductive pathology. The current paper presents a case study of a female pet rabbit. The rabbit was brought to the clinic with complaints in the gastrointestinal system. Initial symptoms had been resolved and the rabbit was brought to the clinic for a second time. Physical examination revealed an enlarged abdomen with fluctuations and a soft-elastic texture; the body temperature was normal: 39.3°С; the breathing and heartbeat were normal. Examination of the genitalia didn't present any discharges or signs of any infection. Ultrasound was performed, with a 3.5-7 MHz micro-convex transducer, B-mode in real time. Transabdominal ultrasonography revealed an enlarged uterus due to an anechoic structure. Clinical assessment led to the diagnosis hydrometra and was based on the anamnesis, physical status, ultrasound and blood tests including chemistry and haematology. The owners were advised that surgical extraction of the uterus had to be performed.


Software-Defined Networks (SDN) has emerged as a dominant programmable network architecture for cloud based data centers. Its centralised programmable control plane decoupled from the data plane with a global view of the network state provides new opportunities to implement innovate security mechanisms. This research Ieverages this features of SDN and presents the architecture of a hierarchical and Iightweight Intrusion Detection System (IDS) for software enabled networks by exploiting the concept of SDN flows. It combines advantages of a flow-based IDS and a packet-based IDS in order to provide a high detection rate without degrading network performances. The flow-based IDS uses an anomaly detection algorithm based on Support Vector Machines (SVM) trained with DARPA Intrusion Detection Dataset. This first line of defence detects any intrusions on the network. When an attack is detected, the malicious flow is mirrored to a packet-based IDS, for further examination and actions. The results show that this scheme provides good detection rates and performances with minimal extra overhead.


Chronic kidney disease is one of the health problems in the world. Chronic kidney disease as a complication of other chronic diseases such as hypertension. Management of chronic kidney disease in the final stages is done through hemodialysis therapy. The therapy is carried out throughout the patient's life. One impact that occurs if the problem is not handled properly is a decrease in quality of life. One non-pharmacological intervention to improve the quality of life is psychoeducation. The design of this study used a literature review from the journal database PubMed and Google Scholar obtained 10 research articles. Keywords used are psychoeducation and, Chronic Kidney Disease","quality of life and, Chronic Kidney Disease. Analysis of the research article uses a table format containing the title, author, year, method, results, and recommendations. Inclusion criteria for the last 5 years of publication deadline and original research. Based on the results of the analysis found that psychoeducation therapy can improve the quality of life of patients with chronic kidney disease. The advantage is that it can increase self-acceptance of health problems experienced. The disadvantage is the therapeutic effect shows differences in each patient because it is influenced by several factors. The results of the analysis can be used as a baseline for nurses in developing non-pharmacological interventions in the process of nursing care for clients with chronic kidney disease with problems of decreased quality of life. So that the psychological impact and complications of the disease can be prevented.


Obesity has emerged as the most potential cardiovascular risk factor and has raised concern among public and their health related issues not only in developed but also in developing countries. The Worldwide obesity occurrence has almost has gone three times since 1975. Research suggests there are about 775 million obese people in the World including adult, children, and adolescents. Nearly 50% of the children who are obese and overweight in Asia in are below 5 years. There is a steep incline of childhood obesity when compared to 1971 which is not only in developed countries but also in developing countries. A considerable amount of weight gain occurs during the transition phase from adolescence to young adulthood. It is also suggested that those adultswho were obese in childhood also remained obese in their adulthood with a higher metabolic risk than those who became obese in their adulthood. In India, the urban Indian female in the age group of 30-45 years have emerged as an 〝at risk population" for cardiovascular diseases. To understand how obesity can influence cardiovascular function, it becomes immense important to understand the changes which can take place in adipose tissue due to obesity. There are two proposed concepts explaining the inflammatory status of macrophage. The predominant cause of insulin resistance is obesity. Epidemiological and research studies have indicated that the pathogenesis of obesity-related metabolic dysfunction involves the development of a systemic, low-grade inflammatory state. It is becoming clear that targeting the pro-inflammatory pathwaymay provide a novel therapeutic approach to prevent insulin resistance, particularly in obesity inducedinsulin resistance. Some cost effective interventions that are feasible by all and can be implemented even in low-resource settings includes - population-wide and individual, which are recommended to be used in combination to reduce the greatest cardiovascular disease burden. The sixth target in the Global NCD action plan is to reduce the prevalence of hypertension by 25%. Reducing the incidence of hypertension by implementing population-wide policies to educe behavioral risk factors. Reducing cigarette smoking, body weight, blood pressure, blood cholesterol, and blood glucose all have a beneficial impact on major biological cardiovascular risk factors. A variety of lifestyle modifications have been shown, in clinical trials, to lower bloodpressure, includes weight loss, physical activity, moderation of alcohol intake, increased fresh fruit and vegetables and reduced saturated fat in the diet, reduction of dietary sodium intake, andincreased potassium intake. Also, trials of reduction of saturated fat and its partial replacement by unsaturated fats have improved dyslipidaemia and lowered risk of cardiovascular events. This initiative driven by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, State Governments, Indian Council of Medical Research and the World Health Organization are remarkable. The Government of India has adopted a national action plan for the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) with specific targets to be achieved by 2025, including a 25% reduction inoverall mortality from cardiovascular diseases, a 25% relative reduction in the prevalence of raised blood pressure and a 30% reduction in salt/sodium intake. In a nutshell increased BMI values can predict the nature of obesity and its aftermaths in terms inflammation and other disease associated with obesity. It's high time; we must realize it and keep an eye on health status in order to live long and healthy life.


Welcome to the first Key Opinion Leader interview for Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents. Today, I am talking with Professor Kenneth A. Jacobson, who is an esteemed member of our editorial board.


SUMMARY Buprenorphine is a partial opioid agonist of the µ-receptor, and is used as a daily dose sublingual tablet or filmstrip for managing opioid addiction. In the USA, the Drug Addiction Treatment Act of 2000 made buprenorphine the only opioid medication for opioid addiction that can be prescribed in an office-based setting. Owing to its high affinity for the µ-receptor, buprenorphine inhibits the reinforcing effect of exogenous opioids. The ceiling effect of buprenorphine's µ-agonist activity reduces the potential for drug overdose and confers low toxicity even at high doses. Buprenorphine pharmacotherapy has proven to be a treatment approach that supports recovery from addiction while reducing or curtailing the use of opioids. This article examines buprenorphine pharmacotherapy for opioid addiction, focusing on the situation in the USA, and is based on a review of pertinent literature, and the authors' research and clinical experience. The references in this paper were chosen according to the authors' judgment of quality and relevance, and with respect to their familiarity and involvement in related research.


BACKGROUND/AIM
Neurofibromatosis 1-Noonan syndrome (NFNS) presents combined characteristics of both autosomal dominant disorders: NF1 and Noonan syndrome (NS). The genes causing NF1 and NS are located on different chromosomes, making it uncertain whether NFNS is a separate entity as previously suggested, or rather a clinical variation.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
We present a four-membered Greek family. The father was diagnosed with familial NF1 and the mother with generalized epilepsy, being under hydantoin treatment since the age of 18 years. Their two male children exhibited NFNS characteristics.

RESULTS
The father and his sons shared R1947X mutation in the NF1 gene. The two children with NFNS phenotype presented with NF1 signs inherited from their father and fetal hydantoin syndrome-like phenotype due to exposure to that anticonvulsant during fetal development.

CONCLUSION
The NFNS phenotype may be the result of both a genetic factor (mutation in the NF1 gene) and an epigenetic/environmental factor (e.g. hydantoin).


Reactive dyes have proven to be one of the most commonly applied classes of modern synthetic dyes. Unlike other dye classes for cellulosic textiles dyeing and printing, the reactive dyes provide excellent wash-fastness for a very wide shade gamut. One of the most important components of print paste, especially for reactive dye printing of cellulosic textiles, is urea. Despite urea's great importance in adjustment of dye distribution in the paste, it can cause environmental problems. In this study, the application of polyethylene glycol (PEG) (10, 30 and 50 g/100 g) was examined for urea's replacement in reactive dye print paste. The optimal concentration of sodium bicarbonate, as pH buffer, was found. Testing results of colour fastness and colour measurements approved PEG application possibility.


Spatial Frequency Domain Imaging (SFDI) is a non-invasive diffuse optical imaging technology that quantifies tissue optical properties by projecting spatially modulated light onto a region of interest. By detecting and fitting the diffuse reflectance to a light transport model, tissue absorption (μa) and scattering (μs') coefficients are calculated. However, when measuring skin, bulk μa and μs' from a homogeneous light transport model may not correspond with the actual properties of individual skin layers, especially for highly pigmented skin. To obtain physiologically accurate skin optical property values, we propose an iterative method based on a two- layered Monte Carlo model. We initially assume that μs' in darker skin is the same as that in lighter skin, and set the epidermal a as the free parameter when fitting the diffuse reflectance. To test this algorithm, we analyzed data from the forearms of 6 subjects having various levels of pigmentation, at 8 visible-to-near-infrared wavelengths. We compared the measured reflectance to both the homogeneous model and our layered model to quantify fit accuracy. At 471 nm and 526 nm for patients of Fitzpatrick skin types IV-VI (relatively dark skin), the two-layered model provided a 10-20% improvement in fit to the AC reflectance as a function of spatial frequency, compared to the homogeneous model. These improved fits yielded epidermal absorption coefficients that were notably higher than the bulk μa from the homogeneous model. Fitting the extracted epidermal μa to a melanin extinction spectrum1 enabled estimation of the melanin concentration in the epidermis.


A balanced diet containing functional foods can play a crucial role in preventing one of the most prevalent diseases in Canada, type 2 diabetes. Research on functional foods has increased tremendously over the last decade; functional foods contain components that provide health benefits, such as reducing chronic disease risk, above what typical nutrients can offer. Researchers at the University of Manitoba and Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine have investigated a potential role for functional foods, specifically buckwheat, in reducing the risk for type 2 diabetes.


Purple-hinge rock scallops (Hinnites multirugosus), native to northeast Pacific Coast waters and under evaluation for commercial aquaculture, were harvested wild and analyzed for storage stability. Over 2 wk of chilled storage at 5°C or 5 months of frozen storage at −18°C, scallops showed no appreciable lipid oxidation, proteolytic change, and ammonia development. Hypoxanthine fluctuated throughout fresh storage. Bacterial numbers were unchanged at −18°C but sharply increased during the second week at 5°C. Odor of raw scallops deteriorated somewhat at week 2 of chilled storage and month 4 of frozen storage. However, when cooked, scallops showed no significant differences for most sensory characteristics or for acceptability. Cooking losses were variable. Textural shear parameters changed with weight and frozen storage.


Abstract : Test and evaluation of system performance has been a critical part of the acceptance of combat weapon systems for the Department of Defense. As combat weapon systems have become more complex evaluation of system performance has relied more heavily on recorded test data. As part of the on-going transformation of the Defense department Commercial-Off- The-Shelf (COTS) technology is being integrated into the acquisition of combat weapon systems. An Analysis Control Board (ACB) was created in response to these factors to support the AEGIS Weapon System Program Office. The focus of this ACB was to investigate and provide potential solutions to Data Dictionary Data Recording and Data Reduction (R2D2) issues to the AEGIS Program Manager. This thesis discusses the history of the R2D2 ACB and its past present and future directions. Additionally this thesis examines how the R2D2 ACB concept could be applied to the DD(X) Next Generation Destroyer program.


The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the level of health-related fitness and intrinsic motivation in 10 to 11-year old pupils, before and after the application of an intervening dance aerobic program. Thirty-three pupils composed the experimental group and the rest twenty-four the control group. The experimental group followed an aerobic dance program for twelve weeks, three times per week, in 45-minute sessions. The control group followed the regular PE school program. The Prudential Fitnessgram test battery (Cooper Institute for Aerobics Research 1992) was used for the evaluation of the physical condition of the pupils. Both groups filled in a questionnaire measuring intrinsic motivation (ΙΜΙ – McAuley, Duncan & Tammen, 1989). The results showed that a dance aerobic program enables pupils of 10 to 11 years of age to improve all health-related abilities, as well as their intrinsic motivation, in an easy and enjoyable way.


Taking the northeast four core cities′ one hour economic circle as the object,through the using of city flow intensity model and economic links membership model,this paper studied on the relationship between the central city and hinterland.The authors found thatone hour economic circle of Shenyang was nowin the process from spatial polarization to diffusion,the center city and close hinterland highly polarized,had an obvious integration tendency.Dalian,Harbin one hour economic circle center city was still in the spatial polarization,and had the deprivation effect on hinterland development.Changchun to spatial polarization,partly had technical externalities industry that showed a selective diffusion in space,the"borrowed size" economic effect on center city and hinterland appeared.


Application of perfluorine and reamberine infusions in complex treatment of generalized form of anthrax complicated by infectious-toxic shock syndrome and disseminated intravascular coagulation, increased efficacy of treatment. Infusion of perfluorine and reamberine potentiates antihypoxic, antioxidant, detoxic effects and is pathologically grounded method of treatment of infectious-toxic shock.


An Address to the Graduates of Santa Barbara Graduate Institute, July 21, 2006 I am honored to address you on this special day. It is a day of many miracles, is it not? The first miracle is that we are all here, sitting in our respective places, all according to our dream, our plan. Santa Barbara Graduate Institute is a unique school and it is a miracle that it came into existence. But it was not an accident. There were parents-not the kind of parents who wake up one morning and say, "Oh my god, we're pregnant!" No. This baby was planned, This school is not a place of easy miracles. This is not a Country Club or Party School! Being here is serious business requiring steady intellectual effort, and discipline driven by purpose. You have met the goal you set for yourself. Finally, it is our miracle to sit together in a true community of scholars: friends, fellow teachers, learners all. This too was no accident; it was part of the original vision of the founders, Marti Glenn and Ken Bruer. We are grateful to you, Marti and Ken, for this community! In this graduate school, I dare say, the central miracle is the babynot just any baby, but what I like to call the real baby. Babies are powerful beings with a huge mission. On arrival, they turn women into mothers, men into fathers, and couples into families. They humanize us, teach us tenderness, and inspire attachment. If we let them, they lead us toward a true civilization. And for all this, they get no particular credit for a magnificent effort! I did not always know this about babies. In 1958, when I received my Ph.D. in psychology, I knew very little about the mind of a babynot because I was not listening in classes but because my teachers didn't know either. My sudden plunge into the baby psyche came in 1974 when I took a course in the clinical applications of hypnosis and suddenly discovered memories I never knew existed, memories of birth and life in the womb! I quickly learned that babies were radically different from the babies being presented in psychology and in medicine. Example. Freud's idea of "infantile amnesia" that no one has any real memories before two years of age, had saturated psychological and medical thinking since its introduction in 1916. Although I knew in 1974 the theory could not be true, it was not until 1996 that a culmination of brilliant experimental research proved the whole theory false. I now refer to this as "80 years of scientific amnesia" about baby mind and memory-denying parents and professionals a true idea of what babies were like! Another example was the large discrepancy between the actual senses of babies and the few senses acknowledged by the scientific community. In 1975 touch seemed merely reflexive; hearing was dampened (if not drowned) in the liquid environment of the womb; vision was primitive, blocked by closed eyelids and distorted by water; and the sense of smell was judged "impossible" without air. None of these scientific beliefs turned out to be true. Today, I can count at least twelve senses working in utero. As I look back on the 20th Century, I see this gap as part of a larger problem of "shrinking" the real baby in psychology and medicine. Along with the shrinking of memory and the senses, there was a parallel shrinking of emotions, intelligence, learning, and the baby's sense of "self." All this shrinking was ultimately justified because a prenate or newborn did not yet have sufficient brain matter to support any of the human activities above. In my personal experience with babies, however, they were not shrinking; they were expanding in all dimensions. They were learning all kinds of things (whether we wanted them to or not), they were forming beliefs about parents and themselves, and were arriving at decisions that were definitely not good for them. Indeed, they kept me busy inventing a therapy to help them identify and resolve these problems. …


Although more quality research is required to inform clinical practice, serotonin‐noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor ‐ noradrenaline and specific serotonergic antidepressant (SNRI‐NaSSA) combination therapy shows promise for treatment‐resistant depression. Here, Dr Pandarakalam discusses the rationale behind the use of this combination and some of the evidence gained so far for its efficacy. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Interface Ltd


The purpose of the study is to investigate the relationship among career anxiety, locus of control and career decisions in of university students. Besides, the study examines if students'background variables, career anxiety and locus of control can predict career decisions. The measuring tools used in this study include"Career Anxiety Inventory","Rotter's Internal-External Control Scale","Career Decisions Scale".The questionnaires were administered to 783 university students in north area of Taiwan. The results of survey were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, Chi-Square Test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson product-moment correlation, and multiple stepwise regression analysis. The results of the study are as follow:1. Female students are higher than male students in"career anxiety",but male students are higher than female students in"career decisions". 2. Senior students are higher than freshmen, sophomore students in"career anxiety", but freshmen are higher than senior students in"career decisions". 3. The university students who had 1-3 years part-time job experience are higher than "wthin six months"and"1 year"in"career anxiety", and they are higher than"never"and"within six months" in"career decisions". 4. Vocational college students show more"career anxiety"than regular college students. 5. The belief of external control of students are higher than internal control belief of students in"career anxiety", but internal control belief of students are higher than external control belief of students in"career decisions". 6."Career anxiety"and "career decisions"has show medium to low negative correlation. 7. In predicting results, it shows that"career anxiety "and"locus of control ","grade","sex"and"part-time job experience"can predict"career decisions";"education traning","locus of control","the job market","grade","part-time job experience"and "personal ability"can predict"career decisions". Last, the advanced discussions and suggestions are addressed based on the results of this study.


In this paper a number of outdoor body-to-body communication channels at 2.45 GHz which are deemed to be susceptible to shadowed fading are analyzed. The newly proposed shadowed κ-μ model is used to characterize these channels. Its probability density function is shown to provide an improved fit to the distribution of the signal fading compared to established models such as lognormal, Nakagami and Rice.


In this paper, the amounts of authors, papers and quotations dealt with whole of papers published on Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration (EEEV) in recent 5 years from 1995 to 1999 are statistically analyzed. The quantity regularity within the group of literature in EEEV is researched by using the principle and method of literature measurement.The average publishing capacity, the degree of author's cooperation and the amount of quotations are quantitatively described and objectively estimated. The purpose is to supply valuable data for further development of earthquake science and to improve the level of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration.


Based on the "Cultivation of emotions" approach in media psychology we explore the emotional processes that occur while people are watching TVnews. Investigation of media reception is done by combining both timeline data of TV-news (describing formats and content of TV-news by using a computer assisted media analysis) and data about facial expressions as indicators of emotional appraisal processes (EmFACS) and searching for hidden patterns with the aid of THEME. Our results show a large number of temporal patterns in facial expressions data. A remarkably high proportion of these patterns can be interpreted as cognitive appraisal-processes according the assumptions of Scherer and colleagues. Furthermore, we find patterns between the formal aspects of TV-news and the facial expressions of the viewers, suggesting that there seems to be a connection between the presentation of TV news events and the emotional processes of the viewer.