T HE following proposition, taught by the Church in both the Fourteenth and Seventeenth General Councils and defined by Benedict XII must be held by faith: "According to God's common ordination the souls of all the Saints who departed this life before the Passion of our Lord Jesus Christ and also . . . of the other faithful departed after their reception of Christ's holy baptism, in whom, when they died, there was nothing requiring purification (or) will not be when in the future they shall die--or if there was or shall be in them at the time of death anything requiring purification, when they shall have been purified after death-immediately after their death and the aforesaid purification, they, after the Ascension of the Savior, our Lord Jesus Christ, into heaven, were, are, and shall be in heaven even before the resurrection of their bodies and the general judgment" (Denz. 530). The Assumption, therefore, of the Blessed Virgin Mary is not to be understood as if it were a question of the glory of her soul alone, for this is common to all the saints: but it is a question of that singular privilege of the Mother of God according to which she was assumed into heaven not only as to her soul, but also, like her only-begotten Son, even in body-therefore totally. If Mary did die, then, this privilege includes an anticipated glorious resurrection. I say: if she did die. Historically there is no evidence of that death. There have been, and are, theologians of the opinion that she never died. To this, they say, the universal law of death is not opposed, as the universal law of sin was not opposed to the Immaculate Conception. If May was exempted from one law, why not from the other? If this is so, the bodily Assumption of the Blessed Virgin does not include a resurrection but on a certain day fixed by the


Optimization of therapy by chronopharmacology requires knowledge of rhythmic manifestations of disease activity and chronopharmacokinetic data of the drugs prescribed. Rhythmic functioning of the cardiovascular system in healthy and diseased subjects is manifested as circadian rhythms in blood pressure, cardiac output, heart rate, etc. The disposition of several cardiovascular drugs in man has been reported to be time‐dependent. This study reports the effect of time of administration on the disposition of pentoxifylline.


Learning is a central theme in this issue of the journal as it is in many contemporary debates in evaluation theory and practice. As the content of this issue also suggests, the topic of learning in evaluation becomes especially salient in large-scale complex and often international programmes and policies. In the second of two articles, Rick Davies addresses issues of change, and complexity in evaluation. Whilst the previous article (see Evaluation 10(1)) critiqued the way complexity and theories of change are normally represented, in particular when using logical frameworks, this article offers specific suggestions for better representations of theories of change from a network perspective. Whilst the content of Davies' work draws on experience in development aid programmes, the arguments put forward have broader relevance for the evaluation community. Certainly the contrast between metaphors of hierarchy and networks raise interesting questions about the role of evaluators, the scale of the problems addressed by evaluators, and the way change that is not linear or hierarchical can be addressed within evaluation. Mhairi Mackenzie and Avril Blamey also address theories of change in complex programmes although more strictly within the perspectives of the way these ideas have been articulated by the Aspen Institute Roundtable Initiative. The authors highlight in particular the practice implications of using a theories of change (ToC) approach, for example with regard to 'surfacing' ToC and managing the role of the evaluator. In complex programmes in particular, Mackenzie and Blamey emphasize the difficulty of deciding on levels of detail. However, the core of their argument concerns the extent to which ToC approaches are useful as well as practicable. In this regard, the authors consider issues such as causal attribution, evaluation planning, implementation and focusing. They conclude that ToC approaches can indeed help with the focusing and implementation of evaluations but are more sceptical about their contribution to the understanding of causal relationships. Accountability and learning are for some complementary and for others opposing facets of evaluation practice. Markku Lehtonen considers the extent to which both have been successfully addressed in the OECD's Environmental Performance Review (EPR) programme. At the core of this article is the notion of evaluation as a 'new form of governance' within public management in general and within a context where trust, legitimacy and demands for accountability are ever stronger. Lehtonen draws on a broad set of literatures to consider evaluation influence and learning. He draws particular attention to peer reviews as a mechanism for learning and accountability – a mechanism that features not only in OECD practice, but also in other governance innovations at national and international level. The author argues that whilst from one standpoint 'EPRs can be considered as an example of empowerment evaluation', accountability based on performance measurement and control can reduce the likelihood of dialogue necessary for learning. He nonetheless argues that peer review has 'great potential in terms of simultaneously promoting both learning and accountability'. Evaluation Copyright © 2005 SAGE Publications (London, Thousand Oaks and New Delhi) DOI: 10.1177/1356389005057689 Vol 11(2): 131–132


The article is about the influence of English literature since Renaissance upon the Chinese writer Guo Moruo. The influence will be discussed in the aspects of literary thought, subject matter, creation method and artistic expression. The article tries to find out how Guo Moruo learned from the English writers such as Shakespeare, Shirley, John Millington Synge, and John Galsworthy etc. , and how he creatively incorporated the advantages of these writers into his works and formed his unique artistic style. The relationship between Guo's literary thought and creation and English literature is also discussed. The above discussion will be used as reference in the exchange and communication between foreign literature and Chinese literature.


The review highlights the role of endo- and exogenous estrogens and androgens in the genesis of cardiometabolic disorders in postmenopausal women and the role of menopausal hormone therapy in their prevention.


Ascending aortic pseudoaneurysm is a rare complication after cardiothoracic surgery and the open surgical repair for this complication is challenging. We report on a patient who developed an ascending aortic pseudoaneurysm after aortic valve replacement (AVR), which was treated successfully with endovascular therapy. Our case showed that angulation of the ascending aorta is one of factors for consideration in application of endovascular therapy and endovascular therapy might be an option for management of ascending aortic pathology in patients with high surgical risk, particularly patients with a severely angulated proximal ascending aorta.


Signal in multiconductor PLC (Powerline Communication) system is affected by fading, noise and crosstalk due to mutual coupling of the conductors. In this paper, a 3x3 MIMO OF DM power line communication system is considered to evaluate the bit error rate (BER) performance following an analytical approach taking into account the total accumulated effect of noise (mainly background noise and impulsive noise), fading, effect of adjacent conductors (crosstalk) and mutual coupling between the conductors of a 3-phase line. The analysis of bit error rate performance is presented numerically. The performance result shows that a 3x3 MIMO PLC system is affected by crosstalk. The analysis is carried out using MatLab simulation. The penalty due to the combined effect mentioned above is approximately $5dB$ at a bit error rate of $10^{-6}$ when the line length is considered to be $100m$ where the contribution of impulsive noise is significant. The BER performance improves with the improvement of fading variance factor $0_{g}$ and Rician k- factor of fading parameter.


Abstract We describe the normal embryonic development of the Chinese soft-shelled turtle, Pelodiscus sinensis. We identified 23 stages between the late neurula and hatching, based on chronology and the external morphology of embryos. The anlage of the sensory organs appeared in early stages of the pharyngula, followed by limb buds. The lateral ridge of the carapace, or the carapacial ridge, could be recognized by two weeks of incubation, and the basal structure of the shell was complete by the mid stage (24 days) of development. The hatchling was well pigmented, and the yolk had been entirely absorbed. The developmental stages of P. sinensis were comparable with those of other turtle species. The developmental pattern of P. sinensis resembled basal taxa rather than more derived groups. Some peculiarities were recognized in the development of P. sinensis, including the appearance of cutaneous papillae on the carapace instead of horny scutes. Those features are shared by Carettochelys, possibly the species taxonomically closest to the Trionychids.


There are a lot of non-‐food uses of GM plants like timber, use to manufacture paper, in the chemical industry and as biofuels. Pharmaceuticals made from pro-‐ teins can be made from GM plants. Plant tissues in the processed shape can be used potentially as edible vaccines. According to an estimate, 250 acres of green-‐ house space can be enough to let the GM potatoes grow and meet the annual demand of hepatitis B vaccine in the whole South East Asia. Any harmful effect on the environment through large-‐scale growth of GM plants can indirectly show impacts upon human health. GM plants are also evaluated on the basis of how they might have a constructive role to perform in the environment by partial re-‐ moval of contaminants – a practice often termed as phytoremediation. A lot of NGOs and media organizations are ruthlessly opposed to production of GM plants. Scientists need to engage the common man to ensure that the issue de-‐ mands more rational approach of thinking. The opposition is making serious im-‐ pacts as many underdeveloped countries that can get a lot of advantage from this technology.■


We propose a copula density estimator that can include information on bivariate marginals when the information is available. We use B-splines for copula density approximation and include information on bivariate marginals via a penalty term. Our estimator satisfies the constraints for a copula density. Under mild conditions, the proposed estimator is consistent.


The use of deep-learned features has recently allowed for improving the performance of skin detection and segmentation. In particular, fully-convolutional U-Nets, proposed for segmenting medical images, occurred to be extremely effective here. However, the spatial context, which is rather narrow for U-Nets, may be more important for skin segmentation than for segmenting other image structures. We propose Skinny—a lightweight U-Net-based architecture that extends the range of multi-scale analysis. The results of our experiments indicate that Skinny outperforms the state-of-the-art skin segmentation techniques, rendering the F-score of 92.3% and 94.9% for the ECU and HGR datasets, respectively.


Seasonal variations in terrestrial evapotranspiration (ET) in the Yellow River Basin (YRB) have crucial impacts on the seasonal trajectories of the regional water cycle, vegetation growth, and local climate feedback. However, the possibly divergent roles of climate and vegetation growth variations in controlling seasonal ET patterns remain poorly quantified. This study therefore quantifies the interannual sensitivity and attribution of ET to climate and vegetation growth variations in different seasons and different biomes in the YRB in China between 1982 and 2011, using the satellite‐derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), FLUXNET‐based upscaled ET, and concurrent climate data. The results reveal a clear seasonal divergence in the interannual sensitivity of ET to climate and vegetation growth variations in the YRB. Interannual precipitation and NDVI variations play a dominant role in controlling seasonal ET variations in the YRB, with temperature having a marginal effect. Interannual ET sensitivity to precipitation weakens with an increasing mean annual precipitation gradient in almost all seasons, especially in summer and autumn. More importantly, a seasonally varying role of vegetation growth in mediating seasonal ET was discovered, and a crucial role of late‐growing‐season vegetation growth in controlling the seasonal trajectory of regional ET was explicitly identified. These results suggest that ongoing intensive vegetation restoration has crucial impacts on seasonal water‐cycle patterns and consequent terrestrial‐atmospheric biogeochemical feedback in the YRB.


Lots of people occasionally have the urge to change or enhance their hair color, but are unwilling to use the harsh and, in some cases, potentially harmful hair dying chemicals found in most commercial dyes and color rinses. Just as men and women have done for thousands of years, you can change your basic hair color, put new highlights in your locks or naturally darken gray strands using natural hair colors. From ancient days, various plant materials like Henna, Indigo, Chamomile, Shoe flower, Madder, Aloe etc are used to dye grey hair to get natural black color. But instead of getting black color shades of red to copper color are obtained. A need was felt to formulate a dye containing only plant products which is safe for use and does not have the problems of staining skin during use and hypersensitive reactions. In the present investigation the formulations are developed using different combinations of Henna and Aloe along with other herbs.


This article shares a personal story of the evolution of professional development in practice in K--12 schools from three states over a 30 year period. The article begins with reference to general subject area life awarded teaching credentials and concludes with the addition of language addressing prekindergarten, specifically the inclusion of younger children in state educational priorities in the early drafts of the reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act. It suggests that as professional standards and credentials become more well-defined in the early childhood profession, the value and status of the early childhood profession as a whole will be raised.


While most European powers were granting independence to their African colonies in the late 1950s and 1960s, the autocratic regime of Antonio Salazar in Lisbon refused and maintained that its African territories were overseas provinces of Portugal. In reality, Portuguese colonial rule had been particularly oppressive and exploitive, and in June 1960 security forces massacred five hundred demonstrators at Mueda in northern Mozambique. In 1962 three African nationalist groups from Mozambique, exiled in newly independent Tanzania, where they enjoyed the support of President Julius Nyerere, combined to form the Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (FRELIMO) under the leadership of American-educated Eduardo Mondlane, who had been working for the United Nations (UN). Given increasingly violent Portuguese repression at home, FRELIMO launched a guerilla war in 1964 using Tanzania as a staging area to infiltrate northern Mozambique. FRELIMO received Soviet and Chinese military assistance, its humanitarian programs were funded by Scandinavian countries, and it was also aided by the anti-colonial Organization of African Unity (OAU). As a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), Portugal was supported directly and indirectly by the West.

Keywords:

twentieth century;
Africa;
Southern Africa


The scattering of self‐pinched particle beams propagating in gas is investigated using Moliere's treatment of multiple scattering. Nordsieck lengths significantly longer than those predicted on the basis of less accurate scattering formalisms are obtained numerically. An improved analytic expression for the Nordsieck length is derived and agrees well with the numerical results. Experimental data on beam expansion from the ASTRON experiment show good agreement with numerical simulations and analytic results. The evolution of a thin annular beam due to scattering is studied, and the beam is found to acquire a Bennett profile in a distance on the order of one Nordsieck length.


This paper outlines the debate over the artificiality of national identities by attempting to explore questions such as: What are national identities? How are they created? And, who is involved in creating them? If they are modern creations then why do their adherents insist they are ancient? If they are created what are the goals of their creators. This debate is increasingly relevant in the context of migration and integration; a phenomenon that primarily seems to affect the Global North.


Abstract In this article, an equivalent modeling approach of quantum dots (QDs) photodetector is proposed and simple model has been constructed. Experimental results show that the simulation curves and parameters agree very well with the test results. This equivalent circuit model can be simulated using the Specter tool of Cadence platform as a signal source for readout circuit design. In order to explore its higher sensitive application, readout circuits are designed to detect the weak photocurrent and turn to voltage response. In addition, a high sensitivity mico-spectrometer based on the QDs photodetector array has been designed. Based on the QDs micro-spectrometer and Olympus microscope, the skin transmittance spectra of rat have been studied.


The purpose of this chapter is to provide a comprehensive overview of the changing needs of PhD or FPM program. The focus of its overview will extend to an exploration of the needs and demands of modern PhD or FPM programs. One of the first dimensions of this exploration is the nature of Generation Y students pursuing their PhD or FPM programs. One of the first insights this chapter offers is that this generation merges their knowledge requirements, consumption patterns, and social interactions. This merging happens in the context of digital devices and platforms for Generation Y. This merging is inclusive of their educational requirements. When they wish to pursue their educational goals, they seek the same criteria that they evaluate their either requirements on. These criteria are functionality, ease of access and aesthetics. Going on, the denizens of Generation Y seek to contribute as much on digital platforms as much as they receive. In the context of PhD or FPM programs, the students of Generation Y prefer to communicate with other users, experts, and influencers.


Non-performing loans are loans that do not generate income for banks and represent one of the most sensitive categories of a bank's balance sheet. Their increase can affect both the liquidity and the solvency of banks. This paper investigates internal (specific) and external (macroeconomic) determinants of non-performing loans of the banking sector in Bosnia and Herzegovina for the period 2008: Q1 - 2020: Q4 including correlation and regression analysis. The results of the research showed that the following independent variables have the strongest impact on non-performing loans as a dependent variable: unemployment rate, provisions to non-performing loans, and real GDP growth rate. On the other hand, the independent variable return on equity had the weakest impact on non-performing loans.


The invention relates to an intuitive file transfer method. Based on the design of intuitive file transfer effects, the files selected from a source device are transferred to a selected target device. The source device is connected with the target device by a data transmission device and the source device and target device are respectively provided with storage devices and intuitive file transfer programs are respectively installed on the source device and target device. After the systems for the source device and target device are initialized, the intuitive file transfer programs are respectively launched and detect whether a user clicks an object icon to be transferred which is displayed in the display area of the source device with a pointed object and the data transmission device transmits the source data connected by the selected object icon to the storage device of the target device when the intuitive file transfer programs detect that the user moves the clicked object icon by present pointing actions.


A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of different pH and phosphate concentrations in lead contaminated soil on the biomass of mustard(Brassica juncea),lead absorption and the relationship between concentration of lead and soil enzyme activity.The results showed that the lead content of underground was significantly greater than that of the above-ground.The soil acidification could probably induce the release of lead from soil.In this experiment,when the pH of soil was equal to 5.0,the lead could be released from soil,which greatly impacted on mustard growth and soil enzyme activity.Lead and phosphorus could form insoluble lead phosphate compounds.When phosphate concentration was equal to 300 mg/kg,lead was difficult to be released from soil,causing least effect on mustard growth and soil enzyme activity.The release of lead from soil and the enzyme activity were closely related to each other.Meanwhile,both of them were influenced by pH and phosphate concentrations.As a result,combing the release of lead from soil and the enzyme activity as an appropriate index was more suitable to judge the degree of soil lead pollution.


Introduction Universities are the intellectual center of knowledge production and research. They are responsible for education, research, and knowledge transfer to society, hence, contributing to national development. The potential of universities to transform society economically, politically, socially, and culturally has been well documented in the literature (Brennan, King, & Lebeau, 2004). In the emerging knowledge society, universities are the expected drivers of innovation, thereby contributing to the development of a learning society. It may, therefore, be correct to posit that a nation's development is dependent on the ability of its universities to produce new knowledge, new technology, and quality graduates. In contributing to national development, universities have a role in preparing graduates, not simply for the present time, but also for the emerging society which is characterized by technological advancements (Ramakrishnan & Yasin, 2012). Universities may, therefore, be seen as the key drivers in the emerging knowledge economy who are thus required to innovate as well as collaborate with industries for research and development purposes. In the same vein, Chen, Chen, and Padro (2015) opined that higher education institutions should be able to meet the needs of students and society while attending to the well-being of the institution itself. In the Nigerian context, the National Universities Commission (NUC) serves as the regulatory body for all universities in the country. The NUC is charged with approving all academic programs within the universities: approving the establishment of all degree-awarding institutions, ensuring quality assurance of all academic programs, and serving as a channel for all external support to the universities (NUC, 2016a). Historically, as documented by Ololube, Dudafa, Uriah, and Agbor (2013), five federal government universities were initially established in Nigeria: the University College, Ibadan, in 1948, which is now known as the University of Ibadan; the University of Nigeria, Nsukka (1960); Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria (1962); the University of Ife, Ile-Ife (1962), which is now known as Obafemi Awolowo University; and the University of Lagos, Lagos (1962). These universities were reported to have been established on the basis of the government's recognition of the role of education in attaining national economic expansion, individuals' social emancipation, as well as producing the knowledgeable and competent workforce needed for national development (Ololube et al., 2013). Presently, in Nigeria, there are 40 federal government-run universities, 42 state-owned universities, and 61 private universities, all approved by the NUC (NUC, 2016b). Higher education institutions all over the world are grappling with a number of challenges, making it difficult to achieve their set objectives while simultaneously maintaining their historical role of contributing effectively to society. Some of these challenges, as highlighted by Chen et al. (2015), include fiscal constraints and increased calls for accountability, growing demand for enrollment, and challenges from evolving technologies. These challenges are also prominent within the Nigerian higher education context. For instance, Akinyemi and Bassey (2012) note that, despite the increase in the number of universities, there remains a wide gap between the demand and supply of university education: that is, there is high demand for admission places; however, the enrollment figures are low. Ezepue (2015) cited some of the challenges facing higher education in Nigeria as the following: lack of skills-focused critical education; a grossly inadequate curriculum producing graduates not ready for employment; graduates without study and critical-thinking skills; graduates with low self-confidence, low self-esteem, and low self-efficacy, among other impediments. In the same vein, Famurewa (2014), in an analysis of funding of higher education in Nigeria, concluded that inadequate funding is the bane of tertiary education in Nigeria. …


In this paper, we model the problem of finding the minimum-delay route as a shortest path problem with stochastic costs. Our solution algorithm uses Monte Carlo simulation and network optimization techniques. Of particular novelty in our approach is the air network sampling that we use in order to accurately model the cascading effect of delays on flights. Our statistical models and simulations are based on real flight data obtained from the U.S. Department of Transportation.


The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) is a computer statistical program used to perform various types of statistical analyses. This book aims to teach how to use SPSS, in an applied way in the introduction to research methodologies in human motricity. To do so, we start by teaching how to prepare a data file in SPSS and then by explaining how the transformation of new variables is carried out and the conditions of applicability of parametric tests. Finally, we attend to the learning procedure of computation and interpretation of the window of results of some parametric and non-parametric tests most used in human kinetics, for a basic-intermediate level.


Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA Department of Pathology, Magee-Women's Hospital, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Services, Magee-Women's Hospital, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA


Objective To evaluate the feasibility and character of laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC)in patients with previous upper abdominal operation.Methods The clinical data of 580 LC operations in patient with history of upper abdominal surgery were retrospectively analyzed.Results LC was successfully performed in 528 patients with the successful rate being 91.0%.Fifty-two(9.0%)cases were converted to open cholecystectomies.All patients recovered without any complications.Conclusion LC may be performed usually in the patients with history of upper abdominal operation.


The aim of this paper is to show the use of MEC, an automated tool for analysing transition systems, for discovering deadlocks, livelocks and other properties of a given transition system. The features of MEC are shown with two instructive examples: first, the analysis of an electronic mail system, first analysed by G. Brebner using the concurrency work bench (another automated analysis tool); second, the analysis of a simple call‐processing system originating from Bell‐Northern‐Research.


It is always a difficult challenge to analyse university education. Tunisian lecturers have recently been inquired about this matter; the scores of this inquiry are offered by the lecturer who implemented this research, showing the need for a change concerning university teaching. Among these needs, it is convenient to highlight the application of new didactic and pedagogic models. These situations can be solved by means of an accurate training of the lectures, so that they may become excellent pedagogues who will always have the commitment of teaching and educating their students.


An experimental methodology, based on the micro-Particle Induced X-Ray Emission (μPIXE) technique, was developed to quantify colloid surface distribution coefficients (K a ) in the granite surface at mineral scale. The retention of negatively charged Au nanoparticles of different size (2, 40 and 100 nm) was analyzed by static (batch) experiments. The experiments were performed at pH 9.5, where both the colloids and the granite minerals are negatively charged and therefore in conditions "unfavorable" to electrostatic attachment. Non-zero K a values could be measured for colloid attachment on unfavorable areas, being the attachment mostly related to the existence of minerals with higher porosity or to physical defects of the granite surface. These results support the colloid retention observed under dynamic flow conditions in spite of the expected colloid /rock electrostatic repulsion. The colloid distribution coefficients can be used as input data for the description of colloid-mediated radionuclide transport in fractured media.


Activities of four amine systems [based on commercial products - Formulae (I) - (IV)] catalyzing the addition of methacrylic acid to epoxy group of novolac have been compared. The necessity of use of two various catalystsduring successive stages of the reaction have been found. Reactivity was determined on the basis of the measurements of changes of epoxy and acid numbers in course of reaction, final viscosity of the product and temperature profiles of the addition (Fig. 1 and 2, Table 1 and 2). The best catalytic system consists of 2,4,6-tris(N,N-dimethylaminomethyl) phenol (Ancamine K-54) as catalyst I and tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBABr) as catalyst II. The following properties of styrene solution of vinylester (VE) resin, prepared in the presence of this catalytic system, were characterized: reactivity, physicochemical properties before curing as well as functional properties after curing (Table 3).


In the summer of 2001, a series of urban disorders, characteristically described as 'race riots', erupted across various northern towns and cities in England. Described as the worst incidents of their kind since the 1980s, there were some clear parallels. Like the outbreak of rioting in 1981 and the inner-city violence in 1985, the context of the 2001 disorders was set by localised histories of racism and deprivation, contradictory and aggressive policing practices and particularly punitive responses by the criminal justice system. The 2001 disorders, predominantly involving Asian (generally Pakistani and Bangladeshi Muslim) youths fighting pitched battles against either the police or white people, were linked to the activities of the far Right, which played specific roles in the violence, through direct or anticipated activity. That the violence generally took place in some of the most deprived areas in the country was compounded, within the dominant explanations of the disorders at least, by a theory of communities leading 'parallel lives' divided primarily along lines of ethnicity. This theory of 'parallel lives' was articulated most succinctly by the former chief executive of Nottingham Council, Ted Cantle, who was commissioned by the New Labour government to conduct an investigation into the events of summer 2001. His response formed the basis of a significant shift in government policy and


Objective
To evaluate the clinical value of real-time 3 dimensional echocardiography (RT-3DE) for measurement of right ventricular function in the repaired tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) compared to cine magnetic resonance imaging (c-MRI).

Methods
Thirty-seven randomly selected patients with repaired TOF from Jan.2000 to Jun.2007 in Children's Hospital, Fudan University underwent both RT-3DE and c-MRI for the data of right ventricular end-diastolic volume (RVEDV), right ventricular end-systolic volume (RVESV), right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF), which were compared to evaluate the reproducibility and correlation of two ways on right ventricular function.

Results
All the patients completed both RT-3DE and c-MRI on the same day.The correlation for RVEDV, RVESV, RVEF measured by 2 methods was high (r=0.933, 0.943, 0.911, P=0.000, 0.000, 0.105), and it showed that consistency existed in RVEF, as difference was only (1.2±4.5)%.Comparison with c-MRI, RVEDV and RVESV mea-sured by RT-3DE was underestimated, in which difference was (-17.4±16.9) mL, (-9.3±10.5) mL.

Conclusions
RVEF with RT-3DE can be assessed with acceptable accuracy, but it is not so good for RVEDV and RVESV.Further study needs to be performed to make sure the value of RT-3DE on the assessment of right ventricular function in repaired TOF.

Key words:
Real-time three dimensional echocardiography; Tetralogy of Fallot; Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging; Right ventricular function


Phase change memory (PCM) has emerged as one of the most promising technologies to incorporate into the memory hierarchy. However, PCM has two critical weaknesses compared to DRAM. First, the number of write operations allowed to each PCM cell is limited. Second, write access time of PCM is about 8 times slower than that of DRAM. To cope with this situation, this paper presents a new memory management scheme that uses a small amount of DRAM together with PCM to absorb most memory writes into DRAM. To do this, we analyze the characteristics of memory write references and present a new page replacement scheme that significantly reduces the number of write operations that occur on PCM and also reduces power consumption.


Abstract State-owned enterprises still play an important role in many countries around the world. The aim of this research is to indicate which factors had a significant impact on the scale of state ownership in enterprises in the group of twenty eight post-socialist countries. The large scale privatisation indicator from the EBRD and the novel microlevel-based SOE measure were regressed on sets of cultural, political, economic and control variables. The results show that cultural factors—represented by the dominant religion—had a substantial impact on the scale of state ownership in enterprises while the role of political and economic factors was less pronounced. These results emphasise the importance of cultural factors in shaping the scale of state ownership in enterprises. This study contributes to the literature by analysing factors influencing the scale of state ownership in enterprises in contemporary economic conditions which has been missing until now.


Summary.

1. The effect of nicetamide, pentametylentetrazol and piperidine introduced directly into the carotid sinus has been tested by recording the action potentials from Hering's nerve.

2. Nicetamide and pentametylentetrazol do not exert any direct action upon the afferent mechanisms of the carotid sinus region. Their stimulating effect upon respiration is thus of entirely central origin.

3. Piperidine exerts a very strong excitatory action upon Hering's nerve, the strength of which is very similar to that of lobeline.

4. The physiological significance of this effect of piperidine is briefly discussed in relation to the recent work by U. S. V. EULER.


A simple image subtraction technique with photorefractive real- time holographic interferometry is analyzed and experimentally demonstrated, where the (pi) phase difference between the two images to be subtracted is automatically introduced by the phase shift of reconstructed wave from the incident wave in two wave coupling process. Its performance and requirements for a good result are discussed.


Adolescence or odelesence is a dynamic growth and development phase in an individual's life. Ridan Permai Village is one of the villages in the working area of ??the Bangkinang Public Health Center, Kampar Regency. When a survey was conducted by the team for the head of Ridan Permai Village, it was found that adolescents rarely receive reproductive health counseling, reproductive health checks and other activities that can support the reproductive health status of adolescents. Adolescents are also a group that is vulnerable and at risk of experiencing various reproductive health problems and behavioral deviations in a negative direction because they are still in the search for identity phase. Based on the situation analysis and problem identification mentioned above, a problem can be formulated, namely the need for reproductive health counseling for adolescents in Ridan Permai Village. The implementation method used in this activity is in the form of counseling on reproductive health for adolescents. This activity took place in Ridan Permai Village on August 18 2022. The result of this community service is that it can increase adolescent knowledge about reproductive health and the status of adolescent reproductive health is monitored and has increased. It is also hoped that this activity will not end in service activities, but can form cooperation in disseminating information about reproductive health and other public health issues in improving public health status in general.
Keywords: Reproductive Health, Adolescents


This paper investigates the flow structure and flow pattern transition within a conical ribbed Taylor–Couette reactor (TCR), which is 4 mm in gap width and 200 mm in height, via particle image velocimetry (PIV) and numerical simulation methods. The effect of various parameters on the vortex structure and on flow transition, including the structural parameters of the ribs (rib spacing and rib width) and the operating parameters (Taylor number and axial Reynolds number), were investigated. Without axial flow, the ribbed TCR can control the flow structure while maintaining the symmetry of the flow field. Under certain conditions, a Taylor vortex pair can form between the ribs, with the down vortex rotating clockwise and the up vortex rotating counterclockwise. The axial dimension of the Taylor vortex can be controlled by adjusting the rib spacing, which can be summarized into four different conditions according to the size of the rib spacing. With axial flow, the axial Reynolds number greatly impacts the Taylor vortex structure within the ribbed TCR, and as the axial Reynolds number increases, the up vortex appears to be compressed and the down vortex appears to be stretched. The double vortex flow pattern between the ribs is eventually transformed into a single vortex. The critical axial Reynolds number for flow pattern transition is defined and correlated with the Taylor number and rib spacing. The results show that the critical axial Reynolds number is positively proportional to the Taylor number and is inversely proportional to rib spacing. The empirical correlation equation developed in this study shows strong predictive power and is validated using the experimental results. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of the flow structure and pattern transition within a ribbed TCR and lays the foundation for the further optimization of TCR design.


The purpose of this research is to improve students' motivation and learning outcomes in mathematics through application of system among with cooperative learning Group Investigation (GI) in class VIII F SMP Negeri 1 Banguntapan. This research is Classroom Action Research (CAR) conducted in two cycle. The subjects of this research is students of class VIII F SMP Negeri 1 Banguntapan totaling 27 students. Data collection techniques in this research uses observation, questionnaires, tests and documentation. The results showed that motivation and mathematics learning outcomes has increased. Based on the results of research,math teachers can implement application of system among with cooperative learning Group Investigation (GI) as a variation in mathematics learning model.


: Throughout its issues, the journal Anclajes is presented as the ideal space for updating the agenda on Latin American literary studies and the archive. In its different facets, linked to the canon, tradition, the library, and characterized by its constitutive heterogeneity of materialities, technologies and supports, the Latin American archive has become a central problem and a critical perspective. This article traces its develop - ment throughout the history of the journal and analyzes the connection between the theoretical framework and the Latin American studies field.


Excitation ways of the vibration screen are the important factors to realize effective screening of loose materials. The dynamics response of multi freedom machine is analyzed through the SimMechanics simulation box in Matlab. The working characteristics of this pattern vibration screen are pointed out, and the advantages of using SimMechanics to dynamic simulation is given.


The author presents design features and service experience gained which indicate why the nickel-cadmium pocket plate battery is a viable alternative to lead-acid batteries in UPS (uninterruptible power supply) systems where reliable standby power is essential. Laboratory testing indicates that nickel-cadmium pocket plate batteries are not influenced by the unique voltage conditions in UPS systems. Field experience from a large number of installations confirms these results. Cost considerations are also reviewed.<<ETX>>


Objective To study the effect of lipopolysaccharide(LPS) on experimental allergic rhinitis.Methods 40 SD rats were divided randomly into groups: Allergic rhinitis group was immunized by intraperitoneal injection and intranasal instillation of Ovalbumin(OVA).LPS administrated group was instilled LPS(10 μg/100 μL) into nasal cavity.Allergic rhinitis and LPS administrated groups were challenged into allergic rhinitis,then were instilled LPS into nasal cavity.During the period of intranasal instillation,the symptoms,such as sneezing,itching and rhinorrhea were observed.The nasal mucosae were studied by HE and toluidine blue staining to observe the infiltration of inflammatory cells.The numbers of eosinophile granulocytes in the epithelium were counted under the high power light microscope.Results ①The symptom scores of allergic rhinitis and LPS administrated group were higher than those of the other groups (P0.01).The scores between normal control group and LPS administrated group were not significantly different(P0.05).②The numbers of eosinophils granulocytes in the epithelium of allergic rhinitis and LPS administrated group were higher than those of allergic rhinitis group(P0.05).The numbers between normal control group and LPS administrated group were not significantly different(P0.05).Conclusion LPS can exacerbate the symptoms and the pathologic changes in allergic rhinitis.


Objective
To explore the relationship among structural empowerment, psychological empowerment and nurses' job burnout, and to provide new approach for relieving nurses' job burnout.

Methods
Conditions for Work Effectiveness Questionnaire-Ⅱ(CWEQ-Ⅱ), Psychological Empowerment Scale (PES), and Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) were used to investigate 233 nurses working at three general tertiary-level hospitals in Tianjin.

Results
The total scores of structural empowerment, psychological empowerment, and burnout were (43.498±9.977), (38.871±7.052) and (45.489±11.331), respectively. Relevant Analysis results showed that structural empowerment, psychological empowerment and nurses' job burnout had significant correlation, and the absolute value of coefficient of correlation between 0.358-0.560. The structural equation modeling results showed that fit indexes for fully mediating effect model were excellent(χ2=57.703, χ2/df=1.202, GFI =0.965, AGFI=0.933, NFI=0.948, RFI=0.916, IFI=0.991, TLI=0.985, CFI=0.991, RMSEA=0.030, CN=263). Structural empowerment had a positive significant influence on psychological empowerment; structural empowerment and psychological empowerment had a negative significant influence on nurses' job burnout; psychological empowerment played a fully mediating role between structural empowerment and nurses' job burnout.

Conclusion
Nurse psychological empowerment has direct effect on job burnout.Nurse structrual empowerment affects job burnout via the full effects of psychological empowerment.

Key words:
Nurse; Structural empowerment; Psychological empowerment; Job burnout; Mediating effect


This paper describes general specifications and current status of the COST 2102 Italian Audio and Video Emotional Database collected to support the research effort of the COST Action 2102: "Cross Modal Analysis of Verbal and Nonverbal Communication" (http://cost2102.cs.stir.ac.uk/). Emphasis is placed on stimuli selection procedures, theoretical and practical aspects for stimuli identification, characteristics of selected stimuli and progresses in their assessment and validation.


G. Wyszecki and W. S. Stiles London: John Wiley. 1967. Pp. xiv + 628. Price £11. This remarkable and unusual book is by two outstanding authorities on the science of colour: Dr. Stiles, for many years a senior member of the Light Division at the National Physical Laboratory, and Dr. Wyszecki, currently in charge of the Radiation Optics Section of the Canadian National Research Council. The authors' aim has been to provide a comprehensive source book of data required by the practical and theoretical worker in the field of colour and they have achieved this aim so successfully that their book is likely to become the standard work on the subject and to remain so for a good many years.


The radioactivity workshop and hands-on demonstrations in Milan Čopič Nuclear Training Centre enable us to effectively transfer some basic information about radioactivity, radiation and radiation effects to our young visitors. This activity has been well accepted and praised by teachers, who are aware of the subject importance for education.


Sintering is an important step in the manufacturing of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) billets. The heating and cooling rate of the billets in this process is very critical and affects the final properties of the billets. The sintering temperatures can be up to 375 0 C depending on the process. Some of the PTFE billets can be as large as 0.4 m in diameter. The challenge in heating such large billets stems from the inherent low thermal conductivity of PTFE. A thermal gradient develops between the surface and the interior of the billet and if the heating rate is not appropriate this can cause cracking of the billets. The optimum heating rate will depend on the oven conditions (set-point temperature, oven temperature uniformity, load in the oven, airflow rate and air flow configuration) as well as the billet dimensions (diameter and thickness). Existing literature suggests determining maximum heating rate experimentally using recommended guidelines. This paper uses COMSOL to aid in optimizing the temperature profile (ramps/soaks) required for a particular sintering process in a convection batch oven. In this study, COMSOL version 4.2 has been used in solving a sintering problem with the PTFE billet being a solid material of 0.3 m diameter. Results have been obtained that predict the temperature response of the center of the billet subjected to a certain ramp and soak profile. Also, further studies have been conducted in this paper to compare the billet response to temperature when the air flow over the billet is both horizontal and vertical. The results with horizontal air movement have also been obtained when the product is rotated at a constant speed. Both the horizontal and vertical air flow configurations have been compared with the ideal case of a constant temperature boundary condition where the surface of the billet is instantaneously brought to the hot air temperature.


For the potential hazards existing in the ships under construction and passing ships,which are affected by natural wind and water flow in related water area,the regulations and mechanism of ship draft after being out of control because of wind and water flow are analyzed,and the drift distances under different wind and water flow speeds are compared.At last,the countermeasures for ship navigation safety are established based on the research and the project characters of each offshore wind farm field construction.


The purposes of criticism. The process of criticism. The traditional approach. The dramatistic approach. The fantasy theme approach. The narrative approach. The cultural approaches. The rhetoric of public speaking. The rhetoric of film. The rhetoric of television. The rhetoric of song. The rhetoric of humour. References. Index.


The purpose of this policy is to establish the rules necessary to adequately plan, coordinate, and control computer-related activities throughout the company in order to achieve the optimum cost benefit possible and to achieve adequate data security.


Vitamin B12 (cobalamine) deficiency is one of the nutritional deficiencies in children. It can also be seen in infants whose mothers have nutritional deficiency. The involuntary movements is known to be associated with vitamin B12 deficiency. But also this type of movements can be seen in the patients who are on vitamin B12 tretament. We present a patient who had involuntary movements after enteral vitamin B12 treatment, on which reported cases are rarer than parenteral administration. We want to emphasize continuation of treatment is much more important than these involuntary movements observed temporarily.


Testicular malignancy in old age men should be thoroughly studied because of low rate of incidence. Incidence of testicular lymphomas have been shown to be nearly 9% among all testicular malignancies and 1-2% of all lymphomas found in human body. The most common hisopathological pattern among lymphomas is B-cell type and of these diffuse large B-cell subtype is commonest; however, less commonly, Burkitt's lymphoma, anaplastic lymphoma or Hodgkin's lymphoma may primarily involve the testis. Testicular lymphoma is rare whether as a primary or as a secondary origin. Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphomas (DLBCL) is the most common histopathological type if primary in origin; however aggressive patterns like, Burkitt's lymphoma, are more common when there is secondary involvement of testis. Stage of the lymphoma (Ann Arbor staging) determines the prognosis of the disease. Other prognostic factors include presence of B symptoms and International Prognostic Index (IPI) score, involvement of spermatic cord and other testis. Immunohistochemistry should be done after histopathological diagnosis for effective treatment of variants of testicular lymphoma. High inguinal orchiectomy along with chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy is current treatment of choice for these tumours. In this article, the case of testicular lymphoma is presented in a 61-year-old male patient, clinical presentation, investigations and surgical and chemotherapeutic management with discussion with respect to previous clinical studies. In this case report, patient presented with swelling of left scrotum for which he underwent the radiological and biochemical investigations. He was further planned for frozen section biopsy. The histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis was suggestive of DLBCL, as final diagnosis.


Vertebral (excluding the sacrum) giant-cell tumors are rare. Its involvement of IVC and aorta invasion has not been reported. A 23-year-old female with back and right flank pain was evaluated by computed tomography and MRI examinations. The result demonstrated a big soft tissue mass extension around perivertebral space, encasement of IVC, aorta and compression of anterior the-cal sac. The giant-cell tumor of L2 was confirmed by CT-guided biopsy. She received preoperative transarterial embolization by gelform powder via right lumbar arterial injection, anterior surgical decompression, posterior spinal instrumentation and adjunct radiotherapy (4500 rads). Two years later, she is free from back symptoms and has no neurological deficit. Clinical and radiological examinations show no evidence of tumor recurrence. The surgical decompression and stabilization along with the preoperative embolization and postoperative radiation can be considered to be one of the standard modern therapies for vertebral giant-cell tumor.


Homoclinic bifurcations are organizing centers for the creation of chaotic dynamics. We study a specific homoclinic bifurcation called a homoclinic flip bifurcation of case C, where a homoclinic orbit to a saddle equilibrium with real eigenvalues changes from being orientable to nonorientable. This bifurcation is of codimension two, meaning that it can be found as a bifurcation point on a curve of homoclinic bifurcations in a suitable two-parameter plane. In fact, this is the lowest codimension for a homoclinic bifurcation of a real saddle that generates chaotic behavior in the form of (suspended) Smale horseshoes and strange attractors. We present a detailed study of how global stable and unstable manifolds of the saddle equilibrium and of bifurcating periodic orbits interact in the unfolding of the homoclinic flip bifurcation of case C. This represents the next and final step in understanding the generic cases of homoclinic flip bifurcations, which started with the study of the simpler cases A and B. In a threedimensional vector field due to Sandstede, we compute relevant bifurcation curves in the two-parameter bifurcation diagram near the central codimension-two bifurcation in unprecedented detail. We present representative images of invariant manifolds, computed with a boundary value problem setup, both in phase space and as intersection sets with a suitable sphere. In this way, we are able to identify infinitely many cascades of homoclinic bifurcations that accumulate on specific codimension-one heteroclinic bifurcations between an equilibrium and various saddle periodic orbits. Our computations confirm what is known from theory but also show the existence of different phenomena that were not considered before. Specifically, we identify the boundaries of the Smale– horseshoe region in the parameter plane, one of which creates a strange attractor of Rössler type. The computation of a winding number reveals a complicated overall bifurcation structure that involves infinitely many further homoclinic flip bifurcations associated with so-called homoclinic bubbles. Keywords— global invariant manifolds, homoclinic tangencies, homoclinic and heteroclinic bifurcations, inclination flip, saddle periodic orbits, chaos


We present BAF-Logic, a system of logic for reasoning over beliefs held by an agent. In BAF-Logic arguments are formulated for and against believing in a proposition. A series of inference rules may then be applied to deduce the truth of a proposition. Beliefs in the proposition and other related propositions may then be reinforced or eroded accordingly, giving us a powerful tool for defeasible reasoning. Current research on BAF-Logic is also presented. This paper concludes with suggestions for future research.


ABSTRACT Commercial microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was pretreated by hydrogenolysis, followed by solvated electron-assisted hydrolysis in Na/liquid NH3 medium. The reducing sugar (RS) yield achieved was 98% at 2.2 M concentration of Na/liquid NH3 at 120 °C for about 10 min of hydrolysis time. The MCC hydrolysis conditions were optimized by checking the influence of the molar concentrations of Na metal in liquid NH3 at various temperatures and reaction times for the high RS yield. The RS was estimated by the di-nitro salicylic acid (DNSA) method. The hydrolyzed residues and raw MCC were analyzed by infrared spectroscopy (IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The crystallinity index of the MCC was significantly decreased from 79.34% to 37.25%. The IR and SEM images and TGA data clearly indicate that the cellulose was completely hydrolyzed.


Everybody is familiar with the word colonization. During this process the colonizers came in contact with other groups of people, which we call the 'colonized'. There is a long history of doing research on the concept of colonialism. The first problems arise with the difference between 'colonialism' and 'colonization'. While a lot of people see these two words as referring to the same, there is actually a large difference between the two concepts. Briefly, 'colonization' is the active part where the interest is focused on the actual movements of goods and people. The concept of colonialism, on the other hand, is more concerned with the way in which colonial situations were maintained. It seems that it is possible to separate two kinds of approaches to colonialism. The first one is the earlier approach and the second one is called the post-colonial approach. In the earlier approach, researchers erroneously inclined to compare all colonial processes with the known colonialism from the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. In addition to this, they forgot to place each colonial process in its own context which, as a consequence, made every colonial process the same. It is because of this that people thought that the Greek colonists had the same motives for their expansion as the colonisers in the seventeenth century. In the post-colonial approach, however, researchers learned more and more that we have to use the concept of colonialism with a keen eye on context in order to prevent interpreting things from a modern point of view. It is notable that in earlier studies the focus lay on the phase where the colonizers were already 'integrated' into the new society. In addition to this, the colonized disappeared into the background and was considered as culturally and morally less developed. Researchers took no notice of the already existing settlements, culture and customs of the colonized, which probably has to do with the development of interest in particular aspects of a society. Over the last years, however, the interest in the colonized has increased and in particular the relationship between the colonizer and the colonized has become subject of debate. The Greek colonization is one example of a colonization process and it is a much-discussed phenomenon. From the eight century on the Greeks expanded their influence among others to the southern part of Italy and Sicily. In this context, colonization is the development whereby an indigenous settlement, which consisted of huts, develops into a planned Greek city.
 By studying three case studies (Morgantina, L'Amastuola and Incoronata), it is possible to study which models are used in the interpretation of sites. The earlier approaches were mostly focused on the distinction between the indigenous and Greek phase.
In the earlier approach, the Greeks were seen as dominant and highly developed, which was also caused by the general idea that Europe was seen as the centre of civilization. In their study they do see that an indigenous settlement preceded the Greek colony, but they all believe that it was a matter of a violent change in which indigenous culture was replaced by Greek culture. Later researchers (of the postcolonial approach) are much more focused on the relationships between people and their material culture and in what ways these relationships are changed. The three case studies show that the approach does have an influence on the interpretation of a site regarding colonization. After new excavations the interpretation often changed and was elaborated compared to the earlier one. Still, when we compare two similar sites, of which one is excavated in the nineteenth or early twentieth century and the other one a few years ago, there will be a large difference in the interpretation of the sites, although they may have developed in the same way. Nowadays it is still a problem to fill up this gap, but it is already a start that we are actually aware of this gap.


Vehicular communication is an important application of the fifth generation of mobile communication systems (5G). Due to its low cost and energy efficiency, intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) has been envisioned as a promising technique that can enhance the coverage performance significantly by passive beamforming. In this paper, we analyze the outage probability performance in IRS-assisted vehicular communication networks. We derive the expression of outage probability by utilizing series expansion and central limit theorem. Numerical results show that the IRS can significantly reduce the outage probability for vehicles in its vicinity. The outage probability is closely related to the vehicle density and the number of IRS elements, and better performance is achieved with more reflecting elements.


Subject of research. During the winter phenological period, the largest part of the solar radiation flux is reflected from the earth's surface. The reason is the presence of snow cover on the earth's surface, which has high reflectance of the radiation flux. Under these Научно-технический вестник информационных технологий, механики и оптики, 2019, том 19, No 1 39 МЕТОД ПОВЫШЕНИЯ КАЧЕСТВА КОСМИЧЕСКИХ СНИМКОВ ... conditions, the choice of shooting modes of the Earth from space is limited. Long exposure modes cannot be selected. As a result, the pictures have low quality and their interpretation is difficult. The proposed method provides the images of the earth's surface suitable for processing in view of the space survey features in winter phenological period. The method significance is confirmed by the results of the contrast evaluation of satellite images. Method. The method is based on the idea of co-processing of a series of space images with different exposures. The result of processing is a snapshot with an extended dynamic brightness range possessing high contrast in the areas of dark and pale halftones. Such snapshot displays better the borders and details of geographic area objects and that simplifies significantly its interpretation. Main results. We analyzed the effect of space survey ballistic conditions on the results of method application for image quality improvement in winter phenological period. The conclusion was drawn that the results of joint processing of images with different exposures can be ill-posed. The cause lies in geometric distortions due to continuous relative motion of the observed area and a spacecraft. The variant to eliminate geometric distortions by camera engineering development is proposed. Practical relevance. The prossessing method for the Earth's remote sensing data provides obtaining suitable for interpretation satellite images of the objects located on the earth surface in any phenological period. The results are applicable for the information accuracy increase in survey and cartography support.


Oxygen vacancies in bulk CeO2 have been investigated using the Heyd–Scuseria–Ernzerhof (HSE) hybrid functional method. Results show that oxygen vacancies tend to linearly order in the ⟨111⟩ direction of CeO2, yielding much more dispersive gap states with the weakened electron localization compared to the case of a single vacancy. Such vacancy ordering and electron localization give rise to a profound influence on material properties. First, the dispersive gap states are expected to act as stepping stones to facilitate the electron excitation from valence band to conduction band, contributing to extended optical absorption in the longer wavelengths and thus enhancing photovoltaic and photocatalytic functionalities. Also, the linear ordering of oxygen vacancies leads to the electron localization on Ce ions and oxygen vacancy sites, inducing the polarization of electrons on vacancy sites which effectively enhances stability of ferromagnetism. The fundamental understanding of these functional mechanisms is pr...


pac 1 gene was obtained from Schizosaccharomyces pombe and transferred into pET-5a expression system.The expression product of cloned pac 1 in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)pLysS which induced by the IPTG showed activity to digest dsRNAs of 4 plant viruses Cucumber mosaic virus(CMV),Tobacco mosaic virus(TMV),Rice black-streaked dwarf(RBSDV),Rice dwarf virus(RDV)and 3 viroids Apple scar skin viroid(ASSVd),Coleus blumei viroid(CBVd),Hop stunt viroid(HSVd).Harboring the binary vector pBI121,which contained pac 1 gene,Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 was used to transform the pre-cultured tobacco leaves.After callus induction,differentiation,regeneration and selection culture stage,totally 50 Kan resistant plants were obtained,then T1 seeds were planted separately.PCR,PCR-Southern and RT-PCR detection of the transgenic plants revealed the integration of the pac 1 gene in the tobacco genomes.


Socialist Market Economy System is a great innovation in China's economic system mode. A new recognition of the conditions of socialist commodity relations and the theory of ownership by the whole people as well as the economic achievements in the over 20 years in China have answered, theoretically and practically, the core question-whether socialist public ownership can be combined with market economy. It is a great innovation to switch from distribution according to performance to the combination of distribution according to performance and distribution according to production factors, which is the main reason of China's rapid economic boom. In the economic and social development, reasons in four aspects have widened the gap of income distributions, which has to be recognized properly and clearly so as to ensure the steady improvement of the living standard of the low-income group and lay a solid basis for the construction of socialist harmonious community.


The article taking the example of Jialequan coal mine of Taiyuan coal corporation,elaborated the application and design of anchor bar supporting in the Xiazucoal excavating laneway,analysed strength of anchor bar suppor instead of conventional shed supporting,proposed the advice on coal mine safety.


—World-wide declines of amphibians have heightened the need for information relating to their health status and immune function under natural conditions. Evaluation of differential white blood cell (leukocyte) counts from thin blood smears is one way to gain this information, and this approach is increasingly being used by herpetologists to gauge the integrity of amphibian populations. This approach is especially useful in natural settings because amphibian leucocyte profiles can vary depending on biological and physiological processes, including those caused by environmental factors. In this study we examined, for the first time, the leukocyte profile of the Toluca Axolotl (Ambystoma rivulare) in Central México, for the purposes of evaluating population health. This species is poorly studied with respect to its life history and biology. We collected 163 individuals over a 6 mo time span from a population in the municipality of Amanalco de Becerra, in the state of México. From microscopic evaluation of blood smears from each individual, we determined the average leukocyte profile of this population to be 77.1% lymphocytes, 7.3% neutrophils, 12.1% eosinophils 2.3% basophils, and 1.2% monocytes. These values are similar to that reported for other members of this genus, so these counts could be considered normal. Moreover, the average ratio of neutrophils to lymphocytes (N/L ratio), which reflects stress levels in vertebrates, appeared especially low in this population compared to other Ambystomatid salamanders. Relative numbers of all cell types varied by month and there were also gender differences in the density of certain cells.


Previous research on /t,d/ deletion, the omission of the final /t/ or /d/ sound in word-final consonant clusters of two or more consonants (e.g. just pronounced as jus), indicates that it is pervasive in many varieties of English, including world Englishes such as Indian English, Singapore English, and Nigerian English. This study examines /t,d/ deletion in Hong Kong English in order to examine whether the finding that it occurs systematically across a wide range of Englishes can be extended to this new English. Conversational data were collected from 36 Hong Kong tertiary students; analysis of the data via both descriptive and inferential statistics found that /t,d/ deletion occurred for all the participants in the study, and was governed by linguistic factors and in particular, grammatical category and following linguistic environment.


By means of material flow analysis, this paper studies relative indexes of material input output of Chinese economic system in 1995-2002, and discovers that: Total material requirement and total material output of economic system are tremendous, ecology pressure of environment can not be relieved in short terms; Material requirement per capital is not high, and material productivity is rather low;Environment Kuznets curve appears reversed "U", the highest top emerges 700$ per capital, then goes the decline passage; Technique level has the key effects on total material requirement; Huge hidden flows of the output energy-coal is the main reason to cause ecology trade deficit.


Objective To investigate the characterization of p-aminosalicylic acid(PAS)-Schiff as a new antimyobacterial drug and its interaction with bovine serum albumin(BSA).Methods Schiff base was prepared with salicylaldehyde and 4-aminosalicylic acid as materials.The complex was measured by elemental analysis,IR and ~1 H-NMR.The interaction between Schiff base and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was studied by fluorescence spectra.Results Schiff base was successfully obtained.The combination of BSA with the complex was a static quenching procedure.The conditional stability constant was 2.72×10~5,2.08×10~5,7.55×10~4 mol/L at 15℃,25℃and 35℃,respectively,and the number of binding site was one at 15℃,25℃and 35℃.Meanwhile,the interaction was mainly driven by hydrophobic force between Schiff base and BSA.Conclusion The results suggest that a new PAS-Schiff base is obtained and the binding force between Schiff base and BSA is hydrophobic.The binding model could be demonstrated by the binding parameters of schiff base and BSA.


Background: Inappropriate prescription of drugs is common in the elderly and contributes to an increased risk of adverse drug reactions. Several tools have been developed to detect potentially inappropriate prescription but the STOPP (Screening Tool of Older Persons' potentially inappropriate Prescriptions) and START (Screening Tool to Alert doctors to Right Treatment) criteria resulted better than others to identify medicines that lead to negative outcomes. The purpose of this work was to study the prevalence of Potentially Inappropriate Medicines and Potential Prescribing Omissions in Uruguayan hospitalized elderly patients using these criteria.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in different Services of the University Hospital. STOPP and START criteria were applied to identify inappropriate medicines or omissions.
Results: Potentially Inappropriate medicines identified by STOPP represent 21.2% of the total prescriptions (862) and Potential Prescribing Omissions identified by START account for the 5.7%.
Conclusions: Using STOPP-START criteria could be a useful tool to improve prescription in the elderly and can contribute to the rational use of medicines in this age group.


From responsibility system of project manager,this paper clarified the decision-making function of manager in preparation of construction organization design,and discussed about how the manager plays a decision-making role in preparing construction organization design.


An experiment was conducted with one hundred and twenty number of day-old Hubbard broiler chicks of uniform body weight to study the effect of zinc supplementation on serum concentration of protein, glucose and cholesterol. Broiler chicks were equally divided into four groups viz. T1, T2, T3 and T4 groups with 3 replicates in each and their feed was supplemented with 40, 60, 80 and 100 ppm of zinc in the form of zinc oxide, respectively. The study period was 6 weeks, out of which standard starter diet was supplied upto 4 weeks followed by fInisher diet till the end of experiment. Blood samples were collected from chicks at the end of the experiment. Serum was separated and stored at −20°C until assayed. The present study revealed non-signifIcant effect of various levels of dietary zinc supplement on serum concentration of protein while the serum concentration of glucose and cholesterol showed significant (P<0.01) variation.


Sheep breeding is a strategic branch of the country economy. It serves as a raw materials base for a number of industry branches, and also has a great social implication ensuring employment and viability of people in the extreme natural climatic zones. The measures, which realization will ensure the branch withdrawal from a dead state and its entry into the normal market relations, are presented in the article.


In this article, the present author combs through the historical documents and research findings on the marriage and genealogy of Pan Yue, who was a prestigious writers in the dynasty of Western Jin, and comes out with a clearer silhouette of Pan against historical settings.


Transperineal minimally invasive abdominoperineal excision (TpAPE) may help minimize surgical invasiveness and make it possible to perform two‐team surgery, although this procedure is regarded as difficult. The anatomical structures are complicated and have not been clearly defined, particularly on the anterior side of the anorectal junction in men. We investigated the anatomical configuration around the anterior wall of the anorectal junction, focusing on the structure of the striated muscles, to establish a standard procedure for TpAPE.


(57) Abstract: glass workpieces to be machined in a vacuum plasma processing chamber, a monopolar electrostatic chuck by gradually lowering the chucking voltage during machining while maintaining a sufficiently high voltage to tighten the workpieces It is dechucking from. Chucking voltage during machining is controlled in response to the flow rate of the heat transfer fluid flowing through the chuck in order to maintain the chucking force and the flow rate substantially constant. Reverse polarity voltage applied to the chuck at the end of processing to assist the dechucking. Workpiece temperature is maintained at a high value during the processing of the ends in order to assist the dechucking. Peak current flowing through the chuck during lifting the workpiece from the chuck controls the amplitude and / or duration of the reverse polarity voltage in the following dechucking operations. Inert plasma in the chamber to remove residual charges from the workpiece during the lifting workpiece from the chuck.


Between the elevations of 1000 and 2000 m in the mid‐hills of Nepal, over 12 million people subsist on land‐holdings of less than 0·5 ha. These farmers have limited access to commercial inputs such as fertilisers and are reliant on organic manures for soil fertility maintenance. Participatory research was conducted with farmers on bari land (upper slope rain‐fed crop terraces) in the hill community of Landruk (bench terraces 0–5° slope, 3000–3500 mm annual rainfall, which aimed to develop soil and water management interventions that controlled erosion without resulting in high leaching, and so were effective in minimising total nutrient losses. Interventions tested were the control of water movement through diversion of run‐on and planting fodder grasses on terrace risers on bench terraces. The interventions were effective in reducing soil loss from the bari land in comparison with existing farmer practices, but no effect was observed on nutrient losses in solution form through runoff and leaching. Losses of NO3‐N in leachate ranged from 17·3 to 99·7 kg ha−1 yr−1, but only 0·7 to 5·6 kg ha−1 yr−1 in runoff. The overall nutrient balance suggests that the system is not sustainable. Fertility is heavily dependent on livestock inputs and if the current trends of declining livestock numbers due to labour constraints continue, further losses in productivity can be expected. However, farmers are interested in interventions that tie ecosystem services with productivity enhancement and farmers' priorities should be used as entry points for promoting interventions that are system compatible and harness niche opportunities. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The themes that involve economic and social development have received great attention in the present time. Throughout history, different approaches, concepts and measures have been adopted to analyze the development of nations. Among the broader views on the subject is the approach of Amartya Sen, who takes a multidimensional view of the issue, arguing that development encompasses much more than economic growth, including freedoms and the expansion of individual capability. Through the conceptual use proposed by Sen, who considers development as a process of expanding the capability of individuals, this article aims to promote the discussion about the role of the State in the development process.


The social perception of mental illness is characterised by a wide range of nega- tive stereotypes and prejudices which lead to discrimination and increase the suffering of people with a mental disorder. The media have been repeatedly described as important stig- matizing agents with enormous social influence and repercussion. This study intends to compensate for the lack of investigations about possible stigmatizing trends in the main Spanish media. The results have shown an abusive and improper use of terminology related to mental disorders in the radio, television and press news reports, which contrasts with a lack of news stories which really dealt with the subject and offered high quality informa-


After all, few doub t the sincerity and courage of m ost m em bers of the New Left, and its aims are close to those m ost of the O ld Left have always pursued, or have lately realised they ought to have been pursuing, w hatever misgivings one may have about some of the new m ethods, or lack of them . G ranted th a t m ilitan t sincerity no t gu ided by any sound theory can be m ore dangerous to its friends th an to its enem ies, this is precisely the reason experienced Marxists should be trying to help the New Left find a unifying revolutionary theory, ra th e r than dismissing it w ith contem pt and derision.


Let $W$ be an Iwahori Weyl group and $W(1)$ be an extension of $W$ by an abelian group. Vigneras gave a description of the $R$-algebra $\mathcal{H}_R(q_{\tilde{s}}, c_{\tilde{s}})$ associated to $W(1)$, and also gave a basis of the center of $\mathcal{H}_R(q_{\tilde{s}}, c_{\tilde{s}})$ using the Bernstein presentation of $\mathcal{H}_R(q_{\tilde{s}}, c_{\tilde{s}})$. In this paper, we restrict to the case where $q_{\tilde{s}}=0$ and use the Iwahori-Matsumoto presentation to give a basis of the center of $\mathcal{H}_R(0, c_{\tilde{s}})$.


Students who pursue engineering undergraduate degrees at Science, Technology, Engineering and Math-intensive (STEM) institutions experience imbalance unlike most other undergraduates in coeducational institutions. Students tend to be highly academically oriented if they plan to graduate in four years, leaving little opportunity to vary from the prescribed path. High credit loads often range from sixteen to twenty-two hours and course content is both technical and challenging. As part of the Academic Pathways Study (APS) component of the Center for the Advancement of Engineering Education, results presented in this paper explore the role of life balance in satisfaction and persistence of engineering students. Implications of Findings Given the widespread and repeated calls to expand the ranks of engineers in the United States, it is important for engineering education to pay attention to research findings that suggest trouble spots. Our data indicate that "Mountain Technical Institute" (MT) students desire greater balance than their academic environment will allow. Other institutions must examine their own cultures to determine if these findings are applicable to engineering colleges as a whole. If engineering wants to recruit and retain a larger population, it must find ways to expand its offerings and climate conditions for students who could be interested in engineering if the environment met their interests and needs. Method and Background A mixed-methods approach was used in this analysis and included four items from online survey data, ethnographic interviews, and examination of academic records. This paper presents analysis and findings of data for students in their first year at MT. Nineteen females and twenty-one males comprised the sample and were required to be a May/June 2003 high-school graduate, eighteen or older by October 1, 2003, a US citizen or permanent resident, and be enrolled in or have the intention to enroll in an ABET-accredited engineering major. What We Found Data from the online survey revealed that all of the surveyed students at MT reported feeling some amount of concern about keeping up with schoolwork. In particular, a majority of students If engineering wants to recruit and retain a larger population, it must find ways to expand its offerings and climate conditions for students who could be interested in engineering if the environment met their interests and needs.


The influence of the capacitive (E)-to-inductive transition (H) in inductively coupled plasma discharges is investigated for propanethiol plasma polymerization. In the E mode, at low plasma density, the sulfur content in the layers, measured by XPS, is quite high and strongly decreases after aging in the air. This phenomenon is attributed to the desorption of trapped sulfur-based molecules (e.g., H2S). In the H mode, presumably higher surface temperature prevents the trapping scenario during the layer growth and, as a consequence, yields a lower sulfur content which is stable after aging. Mass spectrometry measurements reveal important variations of the plasma chemistry depending on the discharge mode. The major change concerns the complete disappearance of the precursor in the H mode accompanied by the large production of CS2 molecules. Furthermore, a linear correlation is found between the concentration of the CS2 species and the atomic sulfur content in the H-mode synthesized layers. In addition, based...


Proposed system presents an efficient AC/DC converter with power factor correction by using IC L6561. The Microcontroller 89s52 used to generate triggering pulses for semi converter based on firing angle control mechanism. Semi converter gives controlled DC output with variable voltage range. IC l6561 based on borderline control techniques used for power factor correction. The objective of proposed system is to give reliable power control over the output of AC to Dc converter and improve the power factor. The major application of this system is for domestic purposes and also can be used in industry purpose.


ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic has forced marketers to adjust to different consumer responses the world over. Country responses have ranged from complete lockdowns to informal guidelines on avoiding infection. Limiting physical interactions through social distancing is key to mitigating health risks. Yet, some mitigating behaviours such as home delivery versus going to the supermarket come with a higher financial cost. A survey of American and Canadian consumers examined relationships among income, financial strain, and risky social distancing behaviours. Regression analyses found that financial strain had a stronger effect on the incidence of risky behaviours than did income. These relationships were found in the USA but not in Canada. The paper discusses the results and presents the implications for international marketers.


Recent improvements in the K500 injection beam line optics have increased the injection efficiency into the K500 cyclotron and lead to record primary beam powers on the production target at the CCF (Coupled Cyclotron Facility). For example, consecutive improvements in the design of the electrostatic focusing system below the ECR ion source have gradually increased the beam brightness. Also, degradation of the beam brightness by field aberrations in the existing analyzing bending magnets has been identified and remedied. During this effort, the offline ECR source Artemis-B has been a key factor allowing in-depth R&D without reducing beam time for the CCF operation. In the beam studies, emphasis has been put toward systematic quantification of the beam brightness using Allison-type emittance scanners. Various improvements in the K500 injection beam line optics will be presented and discussed.


Introduction: Monitoring, measurement, and evaluation of the level of quality of nursing care belong the basic managerial activities in nursing. If there were no measurable indicators of the quality, it would not be possible to determine whether the processes of care are effective. In the health sector the audit is one of the methods of the quality level evaluation is.The audits are suitable tool also in the perioperative care. There is presented the results of the nursing perioperative care audit in this paper. The article contents also a specifi c example of the draft of the checklist. Objective: The objective was to create an objective tool to analyse the quality of nursing perioperative care. Method: For the analysis of specifi c nursing care in operating theatres was chosen to audit method. The checklist is based on results of qualitative research observations and interviews. The form of the audit was designed primarily according to the recommendations of the World Health Organization, and on the basis of Departmental Security objectives. Results: The most important audit fi nding was that the theatre nurses did not do a numerical control of the gauze material in the procedure during laparoscopic gynaecological surgery. Conclusion: Currently, the validity of the checklist is validatingwithin acute care hospitals in fi ve hospitals of the Pardubice region. The checklist will be use after the evaluation in some of hospitals.


The unexplained variability of the data quality from Very Large Telescope instruments and the frequency of power cuts have been investigated. Origins for the variability in ambient temperature variations, software, data reduction pipelines and internal to hardware could be discarded. The most probable cause appears to be correlated with the evo lution of the cosmic ray rate, and also with solar and terrestrial geomagnetic activity. We report on the consequences of such variability and describe how the observatory infrastructure, instruments and data are affected.


The Bay of El Tablazo has an area about 640 km/sup 2/, a trapezoidal form and average dimensions of 27 km (east-west) and 24 km (north-south) and serves as communication between the Gulf of Venezuela and the Lake of Maracaibo. It is a shallow body of water with small natural channels and an artificial main navigation canal, which is constantly dredged to allow access of large boats into the Lake of Maracaibo. This present paper explains how the sediments of Bay of El Tablazo are distributed and how natural and artificial elements have had influenced their distribution. The results show that most of the sediments in the El Tablazo Bay contain less than 50% of silt and clay. Predominating in the south are the sediments that have less than 10% of silt and clay, and in the north are found to contain between 10 and 50%. Their distribution, produced by the action of different physical-chemical factors (such as the flow in and out of different density and salinity waters due to tides, the constant dredging of the canal, the artificial dikes, the winds, etc.) affect the estuary system. A comparison of these results with the ones reported in 1965, shows that sedimentation of silt and clay is increasing in the Bay of El Tablazo, perhaps indicating an accelerated advance in eutrophication processes.


The Social Self: Evaluation, Perception, and Regulation Pelham, B. W., Carvallo, M., & Jones, J. T. (2004). Implicit egotism. Current Directions in Psychological Science,, 13,131-134. Crocker, J., & Knight, K. M. (2005). Contingencies of self-worth. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 14, 200-203. Gilovich, T. & Savitsky, K. (1999). The spotlight effect and the illusion of transparency: Egocentric assessments of how we are seen by others. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 8, 165-168. Richards, J. M. (2004). The cognitive consequences of concealing feelings. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 14, 131-134. Influences on Social Knowledge: Biases, Unconscious Processes, and Culture Sanna, L. J., & Schwarz, N. (2006). Metacognitive experiences and human judgment: The case of hindsight bias and its debiasing. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 15, 172-176. Wilson, T. D., & Gilbert, D. T. (2005). Affective forecasting: Knowing what to want. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 14 , 131-134 Norenzayan, A. & Nisbett, R. E. (2000). Culture and cognition. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 9,132-135 Bargh, J. A., & Williams, E. L. (2006). The automaticity of social life. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 15, 1-4. Close Relationships: Attraction, Attachment, and Love Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2006). Attachment security, compassion, and altruism. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 14, 34-38 Diamond, L. M. (2004). Emerging perspectives on distinction between romantic love and sexual desire, Current Directions in Psychological Science, 13, 116-119 Furman, W. (2002). The emerging field of adolescent romantic relationships, Current Directions in Psychological Science, 11, 177-180 Reis, H. T., & Collins, W. A. (2004) Relationships, human behavior, and psychological science. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 13, 233-237 The Interpersonal Extremes: Prosocial Behavior and Aggression Batson, C. D., & Thompson, E. R. (2001). Why don't moral people act morally? Motivational considerations. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 10, 54-57. Kruglanski, A. W., & Fishman, S. (2006). Terrorism between "syndrome" and "tool". Current Directions in Psychological Science, 15, 45-48 LeBlanc, M. M., & Barling, J. (2004). Workplace aggression. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 13, 9-12 Decety, J., & Jackson, P. L. (2006). A social-neuroscience perspective on empathy. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 15, 54-58 Stereotyping and Prejudice Bigler, R. S., & Liben, L. S. (in press). Developmental intergroup theory. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 16 Jost, J. T., & Hunyady, O. (2005). Antecedents and consequences of system-justifying ideologies. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 14, 260-265 DePaulo, B. M., & Morris, W. L. (2006). The unrecognized stereotyping and discrimination against singles. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 15, 251-254 Herek, G. M. (2000). The psychology sexual prejudice. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 9, 19-22 Payne, B. K. (2006). Weapon bias: Split-second decisions and unintended stereotyping. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 15, 287-291 Stress, Coping, Health and Well-Being Almeida, D. M. (2005). Resilience and vulnerability to daily stressors assessed via diary methods. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 14, 64-68 Taylor, S. E. (2006). Tend and befriend: Biobehavioral bases of affiliation under stress. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 15, 273-277 Cohen, S., & Pressman, S. D. (2006). Positive affect and health. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 15, 122-125. Bonanno, G. A. (2005). Resilience in the face of potential trauma. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 14, 135-138.


1. With the use of whole‐cell patch clamp recordings in slices of guinea‐pig substantia gelatinosa (SG), we studied the serotonin (5‐HT)‐ and noradrenaline (NA)‐mediated inhibition of glutamate‐mediated EPSCs evoked from primary afferent stimulation. 2. The frequency of spontaneous EPSPs was reduced by 5‐HT and NA. 3. The inhibition of EPSCs caused by 5‐HT was mediated by the 5‐HT1D receptor subtype, since the 5‐HT1D agonist, sumatriptan (1 microM), was effective. 4. NA and the alpha 2‐agonist, 5‐bromo‐N‐(4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl)‐6‐quinoxalinamine (UK 14304), decreased the EPSCs and this inhibition was blocked by the alpha 2‐antagonists, idazoxan (1 microM) and yohimbine (1 microM). 5. The 5‐HT‐releasing agent, fenfluramine (10 microM), and the Na‐releasing agent, amphetamine (1 microM), also depressed EPSCs. Pretreatment of slices with the 5‐HT‐depleting agent, p‐chloro‐amphetamine (10 microM), attenuated the inhibition of fenfluramine but failed to antagonize the effects of exogenously applied 5‐HT. 6. These in vitro results suggest that presynaptic inhibition of glutamate release from primary afferents can provide another mechanism to explain the antinociceptive effects of 5‐HT and NA obtained in vivo.


A new species from the subfamily Comesomatinae is described from the back-reef platforms of the central part of the Maldivian archipelago. Paracomesoma susannae sp. nov. is characterized by a large-sized body, very long cephalic sensilla (72–91 µm long), lateral differentiation of punctuations, and, in the males, 19–22 minute precloacal supplements, relatively short spicules (2.3–2.9 anal body diameter) and a hook-like structure in the distal end of the gubernaculum. Paracomesoma susannae sp. nov. is the only species so far described of the genus which appears to have such a low ratio of the outer labial and cephalic sensilla (about 0.02). An emended diagnosis of P. paralongispiculum is proposed, along with an updated and modified key to all the valid species of the genus Paracomesoma.


The calculation of the cross antenna' s intensity under super-low frequency(SLF) is analyzed,and the overlay area under special computational conditions is calculated,the geographic information system(GIS) is introduced to reveal the overlay area on the map.Theprediction researchproductions could be used to evaluate the communication effectivenessof the SLF signal station,and to select appropriate communication frequency and the power level.It would be to conduct the submarine's receiving rules of SLF signals.