Reinventing governments based on the market model has become a paradigmatic possibility of administrative reforms in many nations. The current reform experiences of Western countries, especially the American NPR drive and the British market-testing, have been assessed as very influential in Korea. Setting an intensive globalization strategy, Korea has gone through a revolutionary government reshuffling and administrative transformation such as integration of government ministries, down-sizing of civil service, anti-corruption house cleaning, deregulation, decentralization and privatization. Nevertheless, Korea is faced with some unique obstacles and limits in the reform process. This article discusses the theory and praxis of enterprising Korean public bureaucracy.


The vulnerabilities using return-oriented programming pose threats to the functioning of information systems. There are many protection systems to counteract them. They are based on various principles of functioning. At the same time, there are no generally accepted approaches to assess the security of applied solutions. The paper proposes security metrics that allow obtaining objective data on the efficiency of protection against RoP vulnerabilities. Proposed security metrics show ability to perform attack by gain control over control flow graph.


This paper proposes an analytical method for choosing the optimum technical parameters, as well as the parameters of the objective of a nonscanning thermal viewer that ensures that the probabilities of detecting or recognizing a given set of objects are no smaller than the required values and minimizes the diameter of the objective of the device and hence minimizes the cost and mass-and-weight indices.


Fuel atomization and penetration are known to significantly affect the combustion and emission processes in diesel engines. High-pressure common rail system can supply better diesel spray to enhance combustion efficiency and reduce emission. With the fuel pressure increasing, spray process becomes more and more complex which makes the study on atomization mechanism more challenging. Under the super high pressure, the internal turbulent flow and cavitaing flow of the nozzle are important to fuel spray characteristics, especially the cavitaion has been the key to relating the internal flow of nozzle and atomization behavior. So it is necessary to simulate fuel spray coupling with internal cavitaing flow of the nozzle. The internal geometry of injector nozzle is measured with the X-ray phase contrast imaging. The more exact CFD model of nozzle is established using geometry parameters from the measurement, which is used for the three-dimensional numerical simulation of the cavitating flow in nozzle. Moreover, analysis of the influence of cavitaing flow in the nozzle hole on spray is made and a coupling spray simulation is carried out with the output data of cavitaing flow in nozzles using FIRE v2010. The results of this work show that the characteristics of cavitating flow in orifice have an effect on both macroscopic properties and microscopic properties. Compared with simulation result, a spray experiment under high pressure is tested on a high-pressure common rail injection system, which has verified the spray model. On base of the verified spray model coupled with the cavitating flow in nozzle, multi-schemes of cavitating flow in nozzle and subsequent spray are simulated with various geometry parameters of nozzle. These simulation results supply a theoretical basis for the optimization design of the high-pressure common rail injection system.


Combined with practical work the types of cracks occurred in self-made pump concrete plate as well as reasons caused those cracks are elaborated.From pump concrete materials,pouring quality,post maintenance, construction loads and other aspects cracks control measures are proposed in order to ensure construction quality of self-made pump concrete plate.


The problem of social inequalities is one of many complex issues which, due to their interdisciplinary character, are difficult to evaluate precisely. Additionally, these problems comprise a wide range of various possible approaches which, because of their imponderability, are not easy to measure. Some of them may refer to education, work, health, as well as income, living standards, etc. The reason for all these planes and dimensions lies in certain conditionings modified complementarily by peculiar circumstances. Thus, the aim of the paper is to show the defined phenomena which may remain either in the input area of the problem of social inequalities or in the output circle referring to the results or definite effects of peculiar inequalities, e.g. differentiation. This differentiation, in turn, will concern the interregional relationships within one state, i.e. the provinces (NUTS 2 level) will be compared to one another and analyzed.


AbstractThe liquid–ice mass partitioning in tropical maritime convective clouds is studied using data collected by the National Center for Atmospheric Research C-130 research aircraft during the Ice in Clouds Experiment–Tropical project. The clouds investigated by the C-130 in this study generally contained weak to moderate updrafts. The liquid water content (LWC) is calculated using a combination of hot-wire and imaging probes. The total condensed water content (CWC) is measured by a counterflow virtual impactor. The ice water content (IWC) is calculated as CWC minus LWC. Taking into account potential significant measurement uncertainties, the liquid fraction [i.e., LWC/(LWC + IWC)] between 0° and −15°C appears to decrease by a factor of about 3 in updrafts near ( 500 m) cloud top. The decrease in liquid fraction as a function of temperature is also correlated with cloud life cycle. In dissipating clouds, ice dominates in all temperature ranges. ...


[Objective]To analyze the main causes of death in Hangu district of Tianjin,provide the basis for making health planning and disease control strategies.[Methods]The death data of residents in Hangu district in 2009 were analyzed,and were classified according to International Classification of Diseases(ICD-10).The standardized rate was calculated on the basis of national population composition in 2000.[Results]1301 deaths were reported in 2009,the mortality rate was 749.43/lakh,the male and female mortality was 804.41/lakh and 693.53/lakh respectively.The top five causes of death were malignant tumor,heart disease,cerebrovascular disease,injury and poisoning,respiratory diseases,which the mortality was 214.86/lakh,194.70/lakh,193.55/lakh,43.20/lakh and 40.32/lakh respectively.[Conclusion]Chronic non-communicable diseases,injury and poisoning have become the main diseases that do serious harm to the health of residents in Hangu district.The prevention and control should be further strengthened.


Bell's theorem prevents local Kolmogorov simulations of the singlet state of two spin-1/2 particles. We derive a positive lower bound for the L2-distance between the quantum mechanical spin-singlet anticorrelation function cos  and any of its classical approximants C formed by the stationary autocorrelation functions of mean-square-continuous, 2π-periodic, ±1-valued, stochastic processes. This bound is given by


Although ascites due to perihepatitis and non-suppurative peritonitis is well recognised, I wish to draw attention to certain cases in which this kind of ascites forms the most important clinical feature in early alcoholic cirrhosis. In such cases the successful results obtained by the " Drummond-Morison-Talma" operation are certainly rivalled by those obtained by simple tapping. Some years ago, a man, jet. 44, who had been a drinker, died at the German Hospital.1 Six years previously he had been twice tapped for ascites. On the first occasion, 19^ pints, of specific gravity 1020, were withdrawn; on the second occasion 24 pints,, of specific gravity 1016. At that time the liver had been felt about two inches below the ribs, hard and uneven, and a diagnosis of cirrhosis had been made. Since then he had suffered from an attack of erysipelas, and had brought up blood, but the ascites had not returned. The necropsy, six years after the ascites, showed cirrhosis of the liver. The liver weighed 89 oz. The peritoneum over the liver and diaphragm was exceedingly thickened and hard, and part of the spleen was covered by fibrous tissue of almost


The agrarian economies of Central Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union are undergoing a systemic change and transformation. The region's agrarian economy is still struggling to adjust to economic reality. The region has a substantial part of the world's agricultural resources. Yet despite abundant natural resources, the region'still plays a small role in the world food trade. Overall the region continues to be a net importer of agricultural products. Perhaps the most significant structural change is that the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) countries, and Russia, in particular, have become one of the world's biggest meat importing regions. In place of massive grain imports characteristic of the Soviet period, Russia now mainly buys meat. In the countries of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE), the process of sector transformation will probably be completed within the next four or five years. Together with the anticipated acceleration of general economic development, this could lead to the stabilization of food production, more efficient production, and a greater upswing driven by potential comparative advantages. It is far more difficult to predict changes in the CIS countries. It seems probable that further difficult years lie ahead for the sector in this region, compounded by the struggle between conservative and progressive forces. The reforms in many of these countries will probably continue to advance only slowly.


Fuel injection and turbulent mixing at supercritical pressures determines ignition and combustion in numerous engineering applications. Flow evolution under such conditions is characterized by strong non-linear coupling between dynamics, transport coefficients, and thermodynamics. Experimental studies observe that the jets injected at supercritical pressures exhibit significantly different dynamics from the jets at subcritical conditions, owing to the lack of distinct liquid and gas phases in supercritical state. Thus, the averaged flow quantities such as the potential core length, jet spatial growth rate and velocity decay profiles differ in the two conditions, resulting in different mixed-fluid distributions. In this study, turbulent jet direct numerical simulations (DNS) are performed to examine the variations in flow statistics between injection of Nitrogen (N₂) in Nitrogen (N₂) at both subcritical (perfect-gas) and supercritical conditions. In all cases, isothermal round jets at Reynolds number (Re_{D}), based on jet diameter (D) and jet orifice velocity (U₀), of 5000 are considered. For mixing analyses, a passive scalar transported with the flow is examined.


In 1990, a graduate student and professor presented a paper on opposing forces engaged in strategic AIDS litigation at the annual meeting of a social science discipline. The panel was organized by the law and society section of the association and included a number of participants devoted to socio-legal studies. After the presentation was completed, the chair of the panel thanked them and introduced the next talk by saying: "We turn now to a subject matter of national scope, an issue with the potential to affect the lives of all of us drug testing in the workplace." I was one of the two presenters. At first, I was surprised to hear this comment because the late 1980s represent a benchmark of national media and policy focus on AIDS, particularly in the United States. Specifically, the death of Rock Hudson in July of 1985 revived media attention and shifted focus to the threat HIV posed for the "general public." This expanded coverage peaked in the spring of 1987 when President Ronald Reagan and Vice President George Bush spoke out on the AIDS epidemic. This peak, one of three in the 1980s, marks heterosexualization of AIDS by the mass media (Cook & Colby 1992). Regarding policy, 1989 represents the peak of state legislative action related to HIV/AIDS in the United States with 149 HIV/AIDS laws enacted


The diverse range of Internet enabled devices both mobile and fixed has not only impacted the global economy but the very fabric of human communications and lifestyles. The ease of access and lowered cost has enabled hitherto diametrically opposed people to interact and influence each other globally. The consequence of which is the dire need to address the way culture affects interaction with information systems across the world. The many facets of which encompasses human behaviour, socio-economic and cultural factors including lifestyles and the way of interaction with the information system. The study group involved participants from Bangladesh and the United Kingdom to ascertain the users'behavioural patterns and mobile broadband technology diffusion trends.


ABSTRACT A series of novel triazolothione, thiadiazole, triazole-functionalized furo/thieno[2,3-b]pyridine derivatives 9a–l, respectively, were prepared starting from 2 (1H) pyridone 3 through selective O/S-alkylation followed by Thorpe–Ziegler cyclization to form furo/thieno[2,3-b]pyridine derivatives 6. Compounds 6 on reaction with hydrazine hydrate resulted carbohydrazide derivatives 7 and further reacted with diverse substituted phenyl isothiocyanates to form phenyl hydrazine carbothiamide derivatives 8. Each compound 8 is independently reacted in presence of NaOH, H2SO4, and N2H4.H2O to form triazolothione, thiadiazole, triazole-functionalized furo/thieno[2,3-b]pyridine derivatives 9a–l, respectively. All the products 9a–l were screened against Gram +ve, Gram –ve bacteria and fungal strains. Compounds 9c–h showed high activity against Bacillus subtilis microbial-type culture collection (MTCC) 121 at <8.0 micromolar concentration. Promising compounds further screened for minimum bactericidal concentration against B. subtilis MTCC 121 using ciprofloxacin as standard and found to show very good activity. These compounds also screened for biofilm inhibition activity against B. subtilis MTCC 121 using erythromycin as standard and confirmed the high activity. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


According to the characteristic of DWS,a kind of arithmetic of 8B10B encoder and decoder is implemented with the Ver-ilog HDL language after advanced study the principle of 8B10B encoder and decoder.The hardware circuit is achieved in a FPGA after synthesis on ISE9.1i,and the capability of this system is an analyzed.An 8B10B encoder and decoder system with well capa-bility is implemented based on PCI Express Bus which has a good transplant and practicality.


Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of tropisetron combined with sulpiride in treatment of chemotherapy-induced cisplatin program nausea and vomiting,so as to explore the effect to motilin and gastrin.Methods A total of 84 patients with chemotherapy-induced cisplatin program nausea and vomiting were divided into study group (44 cases) and control group (40 cases) by random digits table method,the patients in two groups were given tropisetron hydrochloride intravenous injection,and the study group was added sulpiride.The efficacy and side effects and effect to motilin and gastrin were observed.Results The fully control rate and efficient rate in acute nausea was 59.09% (26/44),37.50% (15/40),and 90.91% (30/44),72.50% (29/40) in study group and control group,and there was significant difference (P < 0.05).The fully control rate and efficient rate in acute vomiting was 61.36 % (27/44),37.50% (15/40),and 88.64% (39/44),67.50% (27/40) in study group and control group,and there was significant difference (P <0.05).The fully control rate and efficient rate in delayed nausea was 54.54% (24/44),32.50% (13/40),and 79.55% (35/44),57.50% (23/40) in study group and control group,and there was significant difference (P < 0.05).The fully control rate and efficient rate in delayed vomiting was 45.45 % (20/44),22.50% (9/40),and 75.00% (33/44),52.50% (21/40) in study group and control group,and there was significant difference (P< 0.05).The plasma motilin after treatment was lower than that before treatment in study group and control group[(308.35 ± 14.59) ng/L vs.(370.59 ± 15.72) ng/L and(341.87 ± 18.38) ng/L vs.(365.36 ± 23.72) ng/L],gastrin was higher than that before treatment in study group and control group [(206.97 ± 12.29) ng/L vs.(164.56 ± 14.17) ng/L and (171.58 ± 13.53) ng/L vs.(158.42 ± 17.29) ng/L],and there was significant difference (P < 0.05).There was significant difference in the plasma motilin and gastrin after treatment between two groups (P < 0.05).There was no significant difference in the occurrence of adverse drug reactions between two groups (P > 0.05).Conclusion Tropisetron combined with sulpiride than the routine use of tropisetron can obtain the better the antiemetic effect.

Key words:
Drug therapy;  Sulpiride;  Nausea;  Vomiting;  Tropisetron


Neuro log ica l com plications of system ic lupus erythem atosus (SLE) are re lative ly com m on, but chorea as the in itia l m an ifestation o f SLE unm asked by exogenous estrogen is very rare. A -46 -year o ld right handed wom an presented w ith genera lized chorea s ince 2 weeks ago. Her m edica l records revea led that the chorea had appeared w ith in one m onth after estrogen m ed ication. The laboratory test revea led pos itive antinuc lear antibody (ANA ), pos itive anti-dsDNA and pos itive anti-h is tone antibody. A fter d iscontinuation o f estrogen, her chore ic m ovem ent was not d im in ished. W e report a case of new ly d iagnosed SLE attribute to chorea wh ich triggered by estrogen. Journal of Movement Disorders 1(2):86-89, 2008


The traditional power system is composed of a synchronous generator. Because the rotor of the synchronous generator has the characteristics of the moment of inertia and damping, it can provide or absorb excess energy when the system's frequency fluctuates. The inertia and damping of synchronous generators determine the frequency dynamic response process of the power grid, which further affects the operation, control, and protection of the whole power grid. However, because renewable energy is connected to the power grid by power electronic equipment, it does not have mechanical inertia and damping characteristics. With the increase of installed capacity of new energy, the whole power system shows low inertia characteristics. In this case, the power grid is more sensitive to interference, which may further lead to load shedding or system instability, or even system collapse. Virtual synchronous generator technology can solve this problem.


While the new European merger regulation makes explicit room for efficiencies, they almost never sway the decision in practice. To some extent, this is because the need to prove that the three…


Results are presented of a local structural study of the nearest neighbor Cu–O distance distribution in underdoped but superconducting La1.875Sr0.125CuO4, La1.85Ba0.15CuO4 and La1.85Sr0.15CuO4. Atomic pair distribution function analysis of neutron powder diffraction data has been carried out to obtain local structural information over a wide temperature range. We observe an anomalous increase in the Cu–O bond length distribution at low temperature that may be associated with the presence of an inhomogeneous charge distribution. The increase at low temperature has an onset temperature which correlates with observations of charge and spin freezing seen by other probes.


ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to understand the relationship between weather variation and temporary labor migration. In doing so, we investigate how labor migration is used as an adaptation strategy to weather variation for the select Indian semi-arid villages. We use crop yield deviation as a proxy variable for the weather variation at the household level. In order to investigate the objective of the study, we employ panel data of 210 households using Village Dynamic South Asia (VDSA) data set of six villages from the state of Telangana and Maharashtra for the period 2005–2014. We have used village, state and aggregate level logistic regression models to demonstrate how factors at each of these levels can influence temporary labor migration trajectories. The study finds that the score of crop yield deviation for the non-migrant households is higher as compared to migrant households, which shows that migrant households have a higher adaptive capacity to weather variation as compared to their counterpart households. Further, the empirical evidence from the logistic model shows that along with demographic and socio-economic factors, weather variation influences the temporary migration at aggregate level (full sample estimation). In addition to this, we also find that weather variation is statistically significant in determining temporary migration for entire Maharashtra at state level estimation and only one village (Kalman) at village level estimation.


The mixing of passive scalar (temperature) fluctuations produced by the action of a mean temperature gradient in decaying isotropic grid-generated turbulence is studied experimentally for the range 200<Rλ<500. Previously, the observed anisotropy of the small scale (inertial range) scalar fluctuation statistics has been described in terms of two-point structure functions. Here we map the three-point cross-correlation and structure functions. We show that they exhibit universal characteristics. These are related to the ramp-cliff morphology that is ubiquitous to all flows with mean gradients of a passive scalar.


Abstract Background : The hematoma size relative to the body size was measured on computed tomography films using a personal computer system in order to define whether that parameter is useful for decision‐making in the management of blunt renal trauma.


Validity and reliability are crucial when conducting research to ensure the truthfulness of an instrument. This study investigated the measurement functioning of an instrument on students' awareness of space science. The instrument was administered to 206 secondary school students involved in the Sudden Ionospheric Disturbance π outreach program. Two experts evaluated the content validity of the instrument. Data were analyzed using the Winsteps 188.8.131.52 software to obtain the Rasch model analysis (RMA) on item reliability and persons' separation, item measure, item fit based on PTMEA CORR, polarity items, misfit items, unidimensionality, and a person-item map. The findings revealed that the items are valid, reliable, and appropriate to measure awareness of space science.


The study by scanning electron microscopy (SEI/EDX) revealed that, 3 turtle species name; green turtle (Chelonia mydas), hawksbill sea turtle (Eretmochelys imbricate) and leatherback turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) eggshells were formed with 3 layers, which were outer cuticle layer, middle layer and inner fibrous layer. The cuticle layers of green turtle eggshell contained loose nodular units forming as clusters of branching needle-like crystals without interlocking attachments. The leatherback turtle eggshells had a cuticle layer which was similar to the green turtle but their crystals were more tapering and smaller. For hawksbill sea turtles, the cuticle layers contained ball-shape and needle-like crystals. The middle layers and the inner layers consisted of fibers that were firmly forming as network thorough the layers. The total layer thickness of green turtles, hawksbill sea turtles, and leatherback turtles were 200.12±38.06, 235.38±35.50 and 260.50±41.38 μm, respectively. Eggshells thickness of each species was significant different (P<0.05). Results of elemental analysis in all sea turtle types showed mainly contained carbon, oxygen, calcium, sulfur, fluorine and other elements. Among detected elements carbon, oxygen and calcium were found at high percentages (approximately 95 %). It was found that calcium was accumulated in the outer cuticle layers (P<0.05). Interestingly, transition metals and other metals; including molybdenum, iron, copper, lead, palladium, manganese, aluminium and bromine were detected in 3 eggshell types at the percentages of 0.07-0.85 %. The data would be valuable to increase the knowledge for conservation program of sea turtle.


The most time consuming operation in a circuit simulation program is the model evaluation, i.e. the computation of the coefficients for the Jacobian matrix. Since these coefficients only depend on the node voltages and the derivative operator, they can easily be computed in parallel. In this study some methods for computing the Jacobian matrix are discussed. The applicability of the methods with the concurrent waveform relaxation method is also discussed. New results on the complexity of row-wise and column-wise model evaluation, and related stability problem are presented. Experimental results, with respect to efficiency and stability of the coefficient evaluation as well as parallel execution, are given. These experiments have been carried out with the CONCISE circuit simulation program on a Symult s2010 and on a Sequent Symmetry.


Chang-Ji-Tu Pilot Zone is the core area of the economic development in Jilin province.Recent years,through the accelerated development,on the basis of innovation,the financial industry of the region has played an important role in the development of real economy in Jilin Province,and the forms of the innovation are also extended from financial products and financial service to more fields,the featured financial innovation in Jilin province: the promotion of the farmer direct subsidy guarantee loans and rural land transfer income guaranteed loans directly enlarges the financial markets of the vast rural areas,and allows farmers to gain more financial support.


Contents: Introduction The family album, the feminine and the personal 19th-century album culture Photographs, albums, women's magazines Melancholic portrait gazers Photographs, fun and flirtations Photography, vision and touch Bibliography Index.


A Distributed Energy Resources (DER) system, composed of distributed generation and storage units, has been proposed as a promising enhancement to the traditional power grids. One key challenge to implement a DER system, however, places on standardizing the communication network for seamless information exchange. As one approach, this paper focuses on integrating IEC 61850, which is an international unified standard for standardizing the communication network within a substation, into a DER system, using the UCLA SMERC building as test bed. To this end, we discuss a mathematical model of PV generation, present a representative demand profile, and develop a battery charging/discharging control algorithm. Moreover, we demonstrate a procedure to integrate IEC 61850 into the DER system step by step, with configuring the communication network and defining the data structure for the information exchange.


VHSIC hardware description language (VHDL) 1076 is an IEEE standard which is undergoing a restandardization process. The restandardization process has gone through several phases. The first was the collection and analysis of users' requirements. It is shown how the decision process works, both at an administrative and a technical level. The origins of the requirements and the classification of the analyzed requirements are shown. The question of analog requirements is explained. A paradigmatic controversial example is detailed (global variables), and a list of available documents is given.<<ETX>>


The Indonesia natural wealth of tropical forest store various plants such as ornamental plants, fruits, vegetables, spices and medicinal plants. Medicinal plants are a variety of plants that are recognized as plants for medicines. However, due to the lack of community knowledge about medicinal plants. So it takes the application of learning about the benefits of medicinal plants to the community, especially to children. Orthopedagogic Orthodontic Objects are exceptional children, who have abnormalities that require special educator services. Learning media associated with motor censorship can overcome the limitations of deaf and tuneless children who can improve the motor skills of the child. Because children with hearing impairment and speech have a lack of understanding of spoken and written language. Development of Computer Science technology today, thus encouraging the educational process to be more interesting and applicable in order to improve the quality of education media and learning interests of learners. Augmented Reality (AR) learning media is a technique of displaying objects directly by directing the camera to a real (marker) object. The aim of current developd application are to show 3 Dimensional interactive learning media using a marker of flashcards about medicinal plants as many as 20 types of medicinal plants. This is intended to facilitate the user especially on orthopedagogic education in recognizing the types of plants that are efficacious for treatment.


The structure of market supply affects policies to promote energy efficiency in household appliances. If competitive markets offer the levels of energy efficiency that consumers demand, product standards inefficiently restrict choice. If suppliers price discriminate, minimum standards can restrict the inefficient use of energy intensity to segment consumers. The effects of average intensity standards, product labeling, and energy prices also differ. Good policymaking requires knowing not only how consumers value energy efficiency in their decisionmaking, but also how producers respond to those values.


Islamic culture may be labelled a 'superculture' on account of its richness, whose living message goes from the peasants of the Indian subcontinent to Africa, for instance, dating back fourteen centuries in time. The author contrasts with an Islam that is frozen in its medieval form an Islam capable of inventing new solutions. The drama of today's Muslim populations is living under the sign of a failure to adapt, because there has been no adequate analysis of the demands of their time. But there is a social message in Islam, of brotherhood, justice, effort, liberation, which remains to be translated into a project for joint action for current generations. There is integration, the complementarity of individual action, collective effort and spirituality. But the integration of the sacred into social life is so 'un-contemporary' that in Islamic lands an extra effort is required to grasp its true implications.


The world is digitizing at an unprecedented rate. Information systems and technology are changing or evolving very fast. With advances in technology, the speed of processes, and the amount of data generated daily, it is almost impossible for systems to be protected and monitored by human beings without the help of applications or intelligent systems that facilitate the work. Due to the large number of electronic devices connected to the internet, cybersecurity experts face many challenges inadequately protecting systems. At present, all the support that can be obtained is needed to prevent and mitigate cyber-attacks and data breaches. In this paper, we discussed AI security trends and data breaches caused by malicious attacks.


A pyrene derivative of specified structure; and an organic electroluminescence device comprising a negative electrode and a positive electrode and, interposed therebetween, one or two or more organic thin film layers including at least a light emitting layer, wherein at least one of the organic thin film layers contains the pyrene derivative alone or as a component of mixture. Thus, there is provided an organic electroluminescence device of high luminous efficiency capable of prolonged blue light emission, and provided a novel pyrene derivative for realization thereof. ® KIPO & WIPO 2008


Abstract Freud's attitude toward philosophers and philosophy in published works was consistently hostile. This paper aims to show that Freud's persistently hostile attitude toward philosophers and philosophy was the result of ambivalence. On the one hand, it is explicable by his reaction to the resistance on the part of philosophers toward his innovative notion of "unconscious" and by his embrace of Comtean progressivism. On the other hand, it is explicable by his proclivities toward speculative thought, without the net of empirical data, and by his often unacknowledged borrowings from philosophers, old and new.


Following a meeting of about 125 members of the lumber trade who were drawing up a preliminary draft of a code for their industry, there occurred numerous cases of acute colitis and at least five deaths. The meeting was held in Chicago from June 30 to July 2, 1933. In all cases the symptoms began after the meeting was over and when the men were scattered all over the United States and Canada. We became interested in the situation not because of experience with these or other cases of amebic dysentery but because of close friendship and relationship, respectively, to two of the men who died. The investigation of this situation is far from complete, owing to difficulties in securing rapidly information from many widely scattered localities. This preliminary report is made, however, because it has been found that these cases are a part of a much larger epidemic and


On reinvestigation of the reaction of wet phosphorus oxychloride with α,α-dimethylhomophthalimide, 1-chloro-3-chloromethyl-4-methyl-isoquinoline and 1-chloro-4-chloromethyl-3-methyl-isoquinoline were isolated as the main products (aside from some substances resulting from a redox disproportionation). The production of these two substances can be rationalized by assuming a mechanism in which the rearrangement product is a protonated derivative of 3,4-dimethylene-3, 4-dihydroisoquinoline. With α, α-diethyl-homophthalimide the only isolated product was a derivative of 1-chloro-3, 4-diethyl-isoquinoline, with a chlorine atom in β-position of one of the ethyl groups, while with α-methyl-α-benzyl-homophthalimide the isolated product was 1,3-dichloro-4-methyl-isoquinoline, i.e. elimination had taken place instead of rearrangement. Also these results are in agreement with the proposed mechanism.


As the deteriorating global environment, some countries have increased attention to environmental issues. Therefore, the environmental management came into being because of high attention of resources and environment. The characteristic environmental management is to put environmental factors into the accounting column of enterprise cost for strengthening the enterprise's consider on the environment problem. This paper analyzes the development situation of environmental management accounting since it was introduced to china from the aspects of the inevitable connection between environmental management and development of low carbon economy in China, the necessity of the development of environmental management in China and enterprise interest. Moreover, it points out the problems and obstacles in the development, and puts forward reasonable suggestions on the further development of environmental management accounting in China. The Inevitable Connection between Environmental Management and China's Development of Low Carbon Economy The Concept of Low Carbon Economy Low carbon economy essence is to improve energy efficiency, clean energy development and the pursuit of green GDP, its core is innovation in energy technologies and emission reduction technology, industrial structure and institutional innovation and the concept of human survival and development and fundamental change[1]. Low carbon economy is to maximize the reduction of coal and oil and other high carbon energy consumption economy, it is built with low consumption, low pollution, low emission based on the economy. The development of low carbon economy has become the general trend of the world economy, China also made it clear that to change the mode of economic growth, to take the road of sustainable development of low-carbon economy[2]. Necessary Connection Environmental management is an inevitable choice for the development of low carbon economy in china. Consequences of traditional accounting theory without considering enterprise's economic activities on the natural environment caused by the impact, will cause environmental resource is enterprise development and excessive consumption emissions. Not only that, high pollution and low efficiency of the compensation capacity of eco-environment seriously inadequate and lagging behind. These are bound to hinder the process of the enterprise itself, and the social economy sustainable development[2-3]. Therefore, only the importance of environmental management, environmental innovation input output accounting and effectively reduce carbon emissions, in order to strengthen modern enterprise market competition advantage and achieve the goal of development of China's low carbon economy, and environmental management is innovation environmental input output accounting. Environmental management is a necessary way to realize low carbon economy in china. Between environmental management and the development of low carbon economy are complementary and mutual dependent relationship, the former is the necessary means and ways to realize, it will effectively promote the latter[2]. The latter is the former premise and theoretical basis, its implementation will further push the research and development of the former. The two are complementary and indispensable, and must not be isolated from the independent development, therefore, environmental management is the necessary way to develop low-carbon economy in china. The Necessity of the Development of Environmental Management in China The Implementation of Environmental Management is in Line with the Needs of the International Environmental management accounting in the international arena started earlier, has now entered a stage of more in-depth research, we have begun to develop green accounting standards. Economic globalization has become an inevitable exchange between nations, commerce and trade is often an important means of international communication, and communication between business accounting as a language must have international standards. Therefore, the international trend of environmental management accounting change when China should study and practice of environmental management accounting firmly. Demand for export products. Developed countries attach much importance to the environment, such as China and other developing countries, reducing pollution, saving resources has become the most popular international topic. Many countries want the government to intervene in their foreign trade, to develop a number of laws and regulations to coordinate the environment and economic and trade. In this context, China's enterprises are not enough to make China in recent years in the international trade in a series of setbacks, often due to the export of green issues to be punished. Therefore, it is necessary for the Chinese government to introduce the "green" mandatory enterprises, and into the management of enterprises. And environmental management accounting is such a management tool, not only can strengthen the product of green technology, but also can enhance the enterprise's green management awareness, so that products can be realized in the international. Environmental Management with International Standards Requirements Environmental management accounting will help improve China's environmental status. On the one hand, China's economy in the inevitable arrival of this green revolution become a benchmark company for the entire industry to establish a green standard, and the government in formulating relevant policies, it tends to industry standards as a reference, this establishes standards of corporate government policy when it has a certain right to speak, can make policies more conducive to the development of enterprises; on the other hand, in the community have been widely concerned about the environment when the image has a green pioneer companies will be widely socially recognition and praise, companies in negotiations with downstream distributors, green factors for businesses to add chips. The development of recycling economy is the trend of the 21st century, to enhance awareness of the recycling business, you can start from environmental management accounting, environmental management accounting is an integral part of the green management system. Analysis on the Problems Existing in the Environmental Management in the Innovation and Development of China Related System Is Not Perfect China although in environmental protection has issued a number of laws and regulations, such as: "environmental protection law", "water pollution prevention law, law on the prevention and control of atmospheric pollution, the solid solid waste pollution prevention and control law", "the State encourages the determination of resources comprehensive utilization management approach", but the distance legislation level of advanced countries in the world are still far away, law enforcement and law enforcement departments in the enforcement process sometimes exhibit lax that originally effective law becomes unable. And China on the destruction of the enterprise's environmental punishment is too light, companies at the expense of the environment, gains in make up the enterprises subject to the punishment after still have room to spare, it also destroys the environment behavior despite repeated prohibition. The degree of social attention is not enough compared with foreign countries, China's attention to the environment is a big gap between China and foreign countries. Such as Australia will have a lot of energy saving measures: hotels are divided into half and half of the toilet flush, water tank structure a little transformation, a lot of water saving; street trees covered with sawdust, after the rain water, wind can not afford to sand. National environmental regulations enacted by the residents will be consciously implemented, and so on. From China's current situation, but also the lack of a more comprehensive environmental regulatory measures and a more effective reward and punishment mechanism, while the social widespread neglect of environmental awareness to enterprises in the opportunity to speculate. Lack of Professional Talent Pool Environmental management accounting research in China is mainly professional scholars, because there is no open training related to environmental management accounting, resulting in enterprises understand the environmental management accounting talent is not much, which became the Chinese enterprises in the implementation of the environmental management accounting disorder. Corporate disclosure is not standardized environmental management accounting information should be disclosed: environmental costs, environmental liability, and environmental costs and liabilities related to specific accounting policies. And the current phase of China in the environment due to the confirmation and measurement of the elements are still not completely conclusive, is still in the further study, which means that haven't China real in the enterprise implementation of environmental management accounting to lay a good foundation. Reasonable Suggestions on the Implementation of Environmental Management Improve the theoretical level of China's environmental management accounting. Focusing on the discipline of the crossover study to enhance academic communication with the advanced countries, and organized by the national guide to carry out more in-depth research; the second is focus on environmental management accounting theory and combined with the actual research, strive for environmental management program can solve the problem of our country enterprise as soon as possible; third in the local area to carry out a pilot of the green accounting, small to solve problems, and thus more flat smoothly transition to all enterprises. Establish and perfect the information disclosure system to improve the resource valuation method. Improve the accuracy and timeliness of information


This thesis deals with the question what the effects of the Treaty of Lisbon are on the democratic legitimacy of European Governance. In order to reach conclusions, I have made use of the conceptual framework on input, throughput and output legitimacy by Bekkers, Dijkstra, Edwards, & Fenger (2007), which is an updated version of the framework on input and output legitimacy by Scharpf (1998). Each of the three forms of legitimacy was translated into a Eurobarometer question that best suits the corresponding form of legitimacy, and was subjected to a cross-national comparison between the EU MS of Slovakia, Denmark, Greece and Sweden. Not only did it appear that the Treaty of Lisbon did not affect the way Europeans perceive the democratic legitimacy of European Governance, the research also shows that there are structurally different attitudes towards EU democracy across the Union. This is likely explained by a mix of cultural, economic and political backgrounds at the national level. It was also established that in half of the EU MS, citizens rate EU democracy about as high or low as national democracy. This led to the conclusion that legitimacy is a highly subjective topic, notwithstanding any attempts by the EU and the MS to enhance it by launching new treaties, or by revising them. Instead, much ground can and must be gained at the national level, particularly by politicians, media, schools and companies, to help develop a European public sphere in order to close the distance between Brussels and Europeans.


Introduction If you have ever enjoyed a locally grown tomato in November or bought a poinsettia in December, these plants were most likely grown in greenhouses. Greenhouses give us the ability to grow plants during seasons in which they would not otherwise grow. With glass walls and ceilings that trap infrared radiation (heat), greenhouses are an ideal environment in which to grow many different kinds of plants. In fact, some greenhouse growers even increase the CO2 levels in their greenhouses to help their plants grow faster. But do we really want to impose this environment on the whole planet? Human activities have increased atmospheric CO2 levels in recent history. It is possible that we have have had an impact on CO2 levels since we began clearing forests in Europe and cultivating rice in China 5000 to 8000 years ago. CO2 levels were estimated at below 200 ppm (parts per million) during the last glacial maximum, approximately 20 000 years ago. The levels increased at the beginning of the Holocene to about 280 ppm, between 12 000 and 10 000 years ago. Current CO2 levels are about 385 ppm (see Figure 1) and are predicted to increase to 550 ppm by the year 2050. The greenhouse effect is caused by CO2, water vapour, and other greenhouse gases present in the atmosphere. These gases absorb much of the infrared radiation Earth emits and reflects some of it back (the same way a greenhouse does), keeping the average temperature from dropping and preventing our planet from turning into a giant snowball. This natural greenhouse effect is very important to every living organism on Earth. But too much of a good thing can be a problem. As the concentration of atmospheric CO2 and other greenhouse gases increases, global temperatures rise, with the greatest warming occurring in the polar regions. This regional disparity is similar to the warming event seen during the Holocene Climate Optimum between 9000 and 5000 years ago. Researchers estimate that during the Holocene Climate Optimum, the increase in Arctic and Antarctic temperatures was about 4°C as opposed to the estimated increase of 1°C in the tropics. Rolf Matthews from Simon Fraser University and Francine McCarthy from Brock University are investigating post-glacial climate change in Canada using palynology, the study of the deposition of pollen, spores, and other particulate organic matter that accumulate over time in sediment, such as on lake bottoms. Changes in the distribution of plant species over time can be inferred by the pollen and spore record and may be attributable to changes in climate. This type of research is a form of paleoclimatic reconstruction. KEY CONCEPTS


This paper mainly introduces the design and structure of a new kind of steering wheel with a buffer of an air cylinder for energy absorbing while colliding with other vehicles.This paper also provides detailed structure parameters and dynamic function parameters.This new kind of steering wheel theoretically reaches the HIC and chest collison safety standards, so it may provide effective protection for drivers.


The rehabilitation work for a stretch of Indian National Highway near Bombay included a bituminous overlay, consisting of various layers. Distress developed in the top dense bituminous macadam and bituminous concrete layers during the next two to three months. This paper discusses the authors' investigation of the causes of distress, and presents suggestions for further research. At first, small potholes developed along the central longitudinal joint of two paving lanes of the dense bituminous macadam or bituminous concrete layer of the carriageway. Potholes developed later in both the paving lanes. Disintegration occurred in the bituminous layers, due to stripping of bitumen film from aggregate particles. It seems that insufficient time was allowed for the development of adhesion of bitumen film with aggregate particles, and that at least five days are needed. Further damage was caused when rain entered the voids between the film and the particles. It was found that distress starts and is larger where the bituminous layer has lower compaction density. It is essential to develop and standardise a procedure for quantitative measurement of adhesion of bitumen film with aggregate particles, to enable a relationship between adhesion and time to be suggested.


The purpose of this paper is to determine in actual savings what the nature of public response has been so far and is likely to be in the future. The following conclusions are drawn: (1) Consumer behavior under energy constraints is not well understood; (2) Narrow governmental focus solely on transit and ridesharing is unproductive because it encourages actions that in total save little energy and constrain mobility; (3) Because replacement behavior by consumers may have impacts on other dimensions (e.g., declines in driving slower affect safety), governments should be particularly aware of possible negative impacts and losses in energy savings; and (4) Relative savings effort (e.g., savings per household) should not be viewed too rigorously.


A noise reduction method of using multiple identical analog channels to oversample the CCD signal is investigated experimentally.This method is based on the irrelevant noise characters in each part of the CCD camera's analog channel.The noise distribution in the circuit is tested and the noise improving factors are 1.354 and 1.65 for the two parallel connections and three parallel connections respectively.The improving factor agrees with the theory value.Experiment shows that the improving factor decreases with the increase of the gain of the programmer gain amplifier in the analog channel.This phenomenon and the difference between the experiment value and the theory value of improving factor are analyzed.The power supply noise,higher AD conversion rate and temperature rising are the major factors of the difference.


atras, the fourth largest Greek city and a major port, underwent a great deal of change during the first half of the 20 century, especially after the currant crisis (1890's) the trade of which Patras controlled and depended on to a large extent. The 20 century, a period that perhaps has preoccupied Western Europe urban historians less, since the urban process there has been completed, constitutes nevertheless the great urbanization period for Greece. P


Shortnecked clam, Ruditapes philippinarum, is one of the very important shellfish produced in south-western coast of Korea. But it's ready to be polluted and have sand in flesh because it mainly inhabit in silt at the inside of coastal area. This study was carried out to obtain informations about the elimination of sand in shortnecked clam harvested from western coast of Korea. During rearing shortnecked clams in water tank, the elimination rates of sand from them at 6, 13, 23, were 59.0, 88.2, 97.9, after 48 hours, respectively. The sand was eliminated above from the shellfish at 32,9 to of salinity after 48 hours. But the sand elimination from them was incomplete and inconsistent at 10 to 20 of salinity. The sand was eliminated rapidly at pH 1.9 to 9.0 however, its elimination was not effective at neutral or acidity range, It was found that the sand elimination was most effective at salinty and pH 9.0. Reasonable flow rate for sand eliminate in shortnecked clam was above 150 L/min./shellfish under both 3,000 and 4,000 L/shellfish , and above 100 L/min,/shellfish under both 6,000 and 8,000 L/shellfish in water tank.


The available data are imperfect but suggest that between 202,300 and 327,000 workers provide homeless services. However, little is known about the composition of this workforce and little attention has been paid to developing its capacity to address the multiple problems of those living without homes. Workforce development covers a range of activities from recruitment through training and credentialing—all of which support the goal of strengthening the professional identity, skills, and resilience of the workforce. Success in ending homelessness is likely to be out-of-reach without serious investments in the professional development of homeless service providers. The Interagency Council on Homelessness is ideally positioned to establish a national agenda for workforce development in homeless services and to leverage action across federal agencies to build workforce capacity.


Motility of the mammalian spermatozoa is characterized by the flagellar waveforms that are propagated from base to tip, which helps them to move forward. We have made an observation of backward-moving spermatozoa in the fresh ejaculate of a patient with normozoospermic sperm parameters. These spermatozoa were observed to have a bend either in the mid-piece or in the principal piece region, but the motility was rapid and comparable to that of spermatozoa with normal structure. We put forth two hypotheses to explain this mechanism of backward motility. However, further studies are required to understand the molecular structure and mechanism. Introduction Physiological motility in the mammalian spermatozoa, which is an inherently motile cell, is of two typesactivated (fresh ejaculate) and hyperactivated (site of fertilization)both of which are characterized by flagellar wave forms, symmetric or asymmetric, but definitely forward progressive, that is head first [1]. In a few animal species, however, the spermatozoa have been described to move in a reverse direction (i.e. tail first), like in certain species of snails, fruit flies, and myzomotoid worm [2] [3] [4]. Themechanism of this phenomenon has not been completely understood yet; this in spite of theories of presence of two kinetic centers for oscillation and reversal of rotational direction [2] [3]. In 1983, Phillips and Kalay reported an observation of backward-swimming spermatozoa in a mammalian species. They observed "hairpin-shape" spermatozoa which progressed backward in cryopreservedthawed bull semen and concluded that, in mammalian spermatozoa, a wave can be propagated in a base-to-tip manner even by the caudal end of the flagella, not necessarily only from the basal end, resulting in the backward motion (Phillips and Kalay, 1983) [5]. Objective We report an observation of reverse-motile human spermatozoa in the neat sample,that is, fresh ejaculate of a patient who had come for infertility treatment to our hospital. Spermatozoa motility in reverse gear? An observation of backward-moving human spermatozoa. DOI: 10.19185/matters.201610000010 Matters (ISSN: 2297-8240) | 2 a


Nitrogen is one of the major contaminants in sewage, to which biological denitrification is an effective and economic solution. Compared to classic denitrification, the sulfur-based autotrophic denitrification consumes less energy and carbon source with less sludge production. Thus, this essay will illustrate its theory and the main parameters, showing the impact factors of the pyrite-based autotrophic denitrification process. Moreover, three different reactors are analyzed for their differences of denitrification performance and operation, which leads to a new research direction of this advanced water treatment.


A low-profile inverted-L antenna with one folding at 20−90 MHz bands for aircraft applications is presented. The designed antenna is installed on the top of the vertical stabiliser of an aircraft to increase the gain at 20 MHz using the ground edge current and to reduce air drag. The gain of the designed antenna is increased by 3 dB at 20 MHz, and the antenna length is reduced by 41% compared with the reference antenna, which is a folded monopole antenna coupled with a parasitic element. The measured 3 dB return loss bandwidth is 342.9 MHz (51.5%) and the peak gain at 200 MHz is −11.5 dBi for the 1/10 scaled sub-model. In addition, the omnidirectional radiation pattern was observed in the operating frequency.


Fast multipole BEM(boundary element method) is a new algorithm developed for BEM these years.The computational cost and memory requirement of fast multipole BEM is more than an order of magnitude lower than that of traditional BEM without changing accuracy,making it possible to solve large-scale problems on a desktop.A new fast multipole BEM format for elastostatics is applied to simplify expansion coefficients and translation relationships.This new method is compared with traditional BEM to prove its accuracy and efficiency by numerical example.A large-scale numerical computation about square plate with many randomly distributed holes is finished on a desktop.


Dedifferentiation of podocytes affects their complex 3 D morphology and is the main initiator for the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Unfortunately, there is no causal therapy for CKD until today. Thus, inadequate and late treatment lead to end-stage renal disease which subsequently makes renal replacement therapy inevitable. To address this, new treatment options are of high significance for CKD patients. Recently, vitamin D3 (VitD) became a promising candidate, but it is controversially discussed. In the present study, we investigated the influence of VitD on podocyte differentiation and the related pathways in situ and in vitro.

 We combined a podocyte dedifferentiation model (GlomAssay) with an automated imaging procedure (Aquifer Imaging Machine). We analyzed cultured glomeruli from transgenic mice expressing cyan-fluorescent protein (CFP) under the control of the nephrin promoter which were treated with VitD and its` analogue (calcipotriol). In this model, the decreasing CFP fluorescence is as a read out for podocyte (de)differentiation. Additionally, VitD-, calcipotriol- and VitD receptor (VDR) inhibitor (PS121912)-treated glomeruli were investigated by RNA-Seq and LC-MS/MS to reveal the molecular effects of VitD on podocyte differentiation. Furthermore, we treated cultured murine podocytes with VitD, calcipotriol and PS121912 to elucidate the morphological and molecular changes by immunofluorescence staining, RT-qPCR and Western blot.

 VitD- and calcipotriol-treated glomeruli showed a significantly higher intensity of CFP fluorescence after 9 days, indicating higher level of nephrin compared to the control. This was verified by RT-qPCR and Western blot for nephrin and CFP. Additionally, we found an upregulation of VDR in VitD- and calcipotriol-treated glomeruli compared to controls. By transcriptomic and proteomic analysis, we identified molecular patterns that are specific for the different treated groups. Thus, we observed differential gene expression in VitD- and Wnt-signaling pathway as well as regulated genes that are essential for the actin cytoskeleton, focal adhesion formation and the slit membrane. Beside this, cultured podocytes showed a significant upregulation of the slit membrane protein nephrin, VDR and CYP24A1 by VitD. This is accompanied by an altered morphology of the podocytes due to a reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton.

 Our results show that VitD influences podocyte differentiation in situ and in vitro by the regulation of specific signaling pathways.


Recently, the Runge-Kutta methods, obtained via Taylor's expansion is exist in the literature. In this study, we have derived explicit methods for problems of the form y′ = f(y) including second and third derivatives , by considering available Two-Derivative Runge-Kutta methods (TDRK). The methods use one evaluation of first derivative, one evaluation of second derivative and many evaluations of third derivative per step. The methods can be named as ThreeDerivative Runge-Kutta methods, ThDRK shortly. We present methods with stages up to three and order up to seven. Comparisons is made with other some existing methods on some standard problems. The stability region of the methods are given.


Community studies as a form of study in complex societies cart be unduly restrictive though this need not be the case. It depends on the criteria employed to select a field location, and on the types of social organization studied within that location. These themes are illustrated by reference to the Australian community studies of Ron Wild and Harry Oxley. Some limitations in their studies are noted only in order to illustrate how their work might have been linked profitably with debates in Australian historiography over issues of class culture, ideology and consciousness. I propose a framework for Australian community studies that would allow anthropologists to explore some of the themes introduced in this discussion.


Within the darśanic world , the Brahmasūtra is a seminal text that provides key insights into Upani ṣadic revelation. The recent creation of Mahāmahopādhyāya Bhadresh Swami's Brahmasūtra - Svāminārāyaṇabhāṣ ya, a comprehensive Sanskrit commentary on the Brahmasūtra, presents unique readings of the text according to the teachings of the Akṣ ara-Puru ṣottama Darśana as revealed by Bhagavān Svāminārāyaṇa. The commentary's recent reception encourages further inquiry into its distinctive insights on Vedānta thought and the principles of the Ak ṣ ara-Puru ṣottama Darśana. This article presents an English translation of the Brahmasūtra - Svāminārāyaṇabhāṣya's exposition on the first aphorism: "athāto brahmajijñāsā , " in an effort to make the commentary's expositions more accessible. In doing so, it highlights distinctive principles of the darśana, including its unique understanding of the nature and form of Ak ṣ arabrahman and Parabrahman. To further contextualize the commentary, this article also presents an introduction to the d arśanic commentarial tradition, focusing on the role, features, and significance of the Brahmasūtra commentaries and the Svāminārāyaṇabhāṣ ya.


Federal, state, and local govermnent agencies are issuing more and more regulations to protect groundwater from microbial contamination. Regulations being proposed include the establishment of wellhead protection zones, drinking-water standards for viruses and parasites, and septic tank placement ordinances. Microbiologists are being called upon more frequently than ever to work with the engineers, hydrologists, geologists, and soil scientists who are developing and using predictive models of contaminant transport. Because microbiologists frequently lack training in modeling and the modelers have little or no knowledge of microbiology, communication problems can develop. Modelers require information about the factors that affect microbial transport, but many times that information is not available in a directly usable form. With a better appreciation of what modelers need to know, microbiologists can help overcome some of these communication problems. The use of contaminant transport models for purposes of groundwater protection and bioremediation will likely increase in the future. Such use can help in establishing wellhead protection zones within which potential sources of contamination may not be placed and in granting variances from a mandatory groundwater disinfection requirement (to inactivate viruses and Giardia spp. in drinking water) that the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency plans to publish in the near future. Typical contaminant transport models are designed to predict how many microorganisms applied to the soil at point A reach point B. Point B may be a


Plates which are implanted with ions that segregate to form gaseous occlusions may show a succession of net surface compressional stress and net tensional stress as radiation blistering occurs and the surface exfoliates. Data are given for 140‐keV helium ion bombardments of Synroc B, a ceramic compact intended for the incorporation and storage of radioactive wastes, and two of its constituents: perovskite and zirconolite.


Let ■ be an infinite-dimensional complex Hilbert space, ■( ■) be the algebra of all bounded linear operators on ■,andΦbe a linear mapping from ■( ■) onto itself.We show thatΦis essentially spectrally bounded and surjective up to compact operators if and only ifΦ ■ and the induced mappingΨis a continuous homomorphism or continuous anti-homomorphism.


To improve the level of Medicinal Plant Cultivation teaching,students' opinions and advices on college student lecture are statistically analyzed based on the survey research with students in the specialty of TCM Material Resources.The educational innovations are discussed combining the present status of teaching practice of Medicinal Plant Cultivation as well.


THE chemical engineering unit of the new Kirtley Engineering Laboratory, dedicated at the University of Idaho in 1942, exemplifies the specifications required by those institutions of intermediate size with rapidly expanding programs in their technical departments. The primary demands guiding the basic design were utility for both instruction and research, completeness, flexibility, and provision for future expansion. The new Kirtley Engineering Laboratory is the first of an ultimate three-laboratory building group, which, with a general administration and classroom building, will comprise the new plant of the College of Engineering. This first unit accommodates mechanical engineering shops and laboratories, hydraulic and irrigation laboratories, classrooms, and chemical engineering laboratories. The floor area provided for chemical engineering is 72 by 50 feet and the disposition thereof to provide for unit operation and unit processes work, tool and instrument storage, grinding room, conference space, o...


Battelle, Pacific Northwest Laboratories, conducts a wide variety of radiobiology and radioecology research in a number of facilities on the Hanford Reservation. Review of radiation monitoring problems associated with storage, plant and animal experiments, waste handling and sterile facilities shows that careful monitoring, strict procedural controls and innovative techniques are required to minimize occupational exposure and control contamination. Although a wide variety of radioactivity levels are involved, much of the work is with extremely low level materials. Monitoring low level work is mundane and often impractical but cannot be ignored in today's ever tightening controls.


Mapping student outcomes to CliftonSrengths talent themes enables academic advisors to monitor the psychological dimension of students to better help in building their personality. The work herein provides a map between ABET student outcomes and CliftonSrengths talent themes using a simplified version of the key performance indicators of each outcome. This mapping can help academic advisors to achieve progress in building student characters of high potential to succeed in facing future challenges and meet market expectations.


This report presents the results of research by the Social Policy Research Centre into the governance, sustainability and funding of non- profit non-government organisations in the alcohol and other drugs sector in Australia. The research included a review of the research literature as well as key informant consultations, and aimed to identify the issues for NGOs in the sector and options for their future operation. The report is an overview of issues to assist further discussion, research, planning and action in the sector. Key issues included: problems with workforce capacity; constraints on independence and advocacy; governance issues; and adequacy of funding.


Industrial foundations are nonprofit foundations that own business companies. These entities are not uncommon in Northern Europe and many successful international companies are owned in thus way. Because of their good performance and unusual combination of nonprofit and for-profit entities, they present interesting challenges to theories of the firm. In this paper, we present the first study of the manner in which the foundations govern the companies that they own. We work with a rich data set comprising 121 foundation-owned Danish companies over the period 2003-2008, We focus in particular on a composite structural factor that we term "managerial distance." We interpret this as a measure of the clarity and objectivity with which a foundation-owned company's top managers are induced to focus on the company's profitability. More particularly, managerial distance seems best interpreted as a factor, or aggregate of component factors, that put the foundation board in the position of "virtual owners," in the sense that the information and decisions facing the managers are framed for them in roughly the way they would be framed for profit-seeking outside owners of the company. Our empirical analysis shows a positive, significant, and robust association between managerial distance and company economic performance. The findings appear to illuminate not just foundation governance, but corporate governance more generally.. 3


Tissue microarrays (TMA) is a worldwide well accepted technique described in 1998 by Kononen et al. It uses an extremely simple concept of ordering hundreds of samples in just one paraffin block to evaluate protein expression in large cohorts with great advantages on costs, time and sample saving. We discuss the technique, its advantages and limitations, strategies to construct the receptor block, its usefulness and difficulties experienced in the last five years at Hospital do Cancer A.C. Camargo.


This article reviews the position of the secular clerical community established in the town of Reus since its creation in 1326. To begin with, there is a focus on the different income sources perceived by this community, with reference to both certain parish rights, and the benefits granted to each clergyman and the income collected from the town for anniversaries or masses for the deceased. However, the main issue covered concerns this group's tax duties with the town. This involves chronologically tracking the definition process for the tax system of this group based on statements and /or judicial sentences issued throughout the 14th century. This paper moreover examines the situation of the local clergy with regard to material goods, based on the assets noted in some tax records. Finally, there is an analysis of the degree of clerical involvement in the town government, particularly with regard to income stemming from certain taxes. The appendix includes some interestingordinacions , or ordainments from the 15th century that reveal the inner workings of this community.


Sultan Agung Islamic University annually designs operational costs for work programs in the study program and of course determines the amount of financial budget for the study program work program. K-Nearest Neighbor algorithm is needed to determine the required operational budget classification based on the number of active students, the number of financial admissions, the number of employees and the percentage of work program realization programs. The results of this study are to facilitate the leadership of higher education in the budget field to classify the amount of the budget required by study programs in the classification of up, or fixed. The purpose of this study is expected to facilitate the leadership of the financial budget department to classify the budget needed by the study program and as an awareness system in the work program of the study program with a classification value of 79.96% for the operational budget of the college study program.


The parameter test system of electronic circuit board consisting of computer,signal modulate board,data acquisition board and software developed by LabVIEW virtual instrument technology was introduced.The function and its realization of the test system were introduced from the hardware and the software.The system has the following properties:high precision,low cost,strong anti-interference,high efficiency and convenience manipulating.


Objective: To investigate the reasons and mechanism and clinical characteristicses of iatrogenic spinal nerves injury for the sake of the solution,prevention and the treatment of the nerve injury.Method: A total of 5 800 cases were operated on spinal cord,52 cases injured of spinal nerves were analyzed retrospectively,3 cases had injured intraspinal canal myelography,2 cases had injured for bad-movement preoperation,38 cases had injured by operation,9 cases had injured from complication of operation.Result: Fifty-two cases were followed-up for 10~34 months,averaged 14 months,24 cases of spinal cords injures recovered according to ratings of ASIA:4 cases of A class,3 cases of B class,4 cases of C class,5 cases of D class,8 cases of E class.28 cases of spinal nerve root injuries:18 cases recovered,10 cases had a degree obstruction of sensation and movement.Conclusion:The causes of iatrogenic spinal nerve injuries are mainly due to the doctor's responsibility,clinical experience,surgical operation energy concentration degree and the special,complexity of the disease condition also increases the nerve at the same time the occurrence rate of the harm.


The microencapsulation method was used to prepare formulations of the anthracycline drug aclarubicin, and the effects of a variety of different conditions on the preparation process were evaluated. The drug was entrapped in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) to prepare an aclarubicin nanosphere formulation that could be sustainably released, and had a high drug loading capacity and high entrapment efficiency. The degree of degradation of aclarubicin PLGA nanospheres that were prepared under different conditions was tested in vitro. Aclarubicin nanospheres that were intravenously injected into rabbits were found to be slowly and stably released over a period of almost 20 days. HPLC was used to determine the blood concentrations of the products. To provide pharmacodynamic and toxicologic profiles, the aclarubicin PLGA nanospheres were intravenously injected into mice. The results showed that the aclarubicin PLGA nanospheres exerted anti-tumor activity in vivo, but did not produce toxic effects that were more serious than those resulting from the standard administration of aclarubicin agents. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010


This chapter focuses on whether or not women are treated equally in the Koran. The Koran guarantees fundamental rights without reserving them to men alone. These rights are so deeply rooted in our human nature that their denial or violation is tantamount to a negation or degradation of that which make us human. Orphans and women captured in war were usually exploited in that society, so the Koran allowed polygamy so that every woman could enjoy her right to marriage rather than remain a concubine for good. Many Islamic legal codes allow a man to marry up to four wives simultaneously. The Koran has given women equal rights in all spheres of life. Nonetheless, some verses of the Koran have been interpreted out of their proper Koranic and social contexts. Many Islamic statutory laws of Muslim states are based on this type of interpretation and are expressly discriminatory towards women.Keywords: Islamic statutory laws; Koranic concept; polygamy


Context aware workflows are adapted to changing circumstances to meet their execution performance requirements. Adaptation can be performed reactively or proactively. Predictive or runtime simulation can be used to adapt workflows proactively. This paper proposes an approach for using the predictive simulation in improving efficiency of customer service workflows. The predictive simulation is invoked during the workflow execution to evaluate expected workflow performance in the current context and to adapt workflow execution accordingly. Efficiency of the predictive simulation is evaluated experimentally using an example of the digital service design at the museum. It is shown on the basis of simulation results that the proactive adaptation is more efficient than the reactive adaptation, especially, in the case of high visitor flow.


'In advanced modernity the social production of wealth is systematically accompanied by the social production of risks' (Beck, 2009: 19). The opening statement of Beck's contribution to literature on the concept of a 'risk society' tells us that the very notion of a risk society is heavily associated with the issue of the production of wealth. The concept of a 'risk society' is most commonly associated with the German sociologist Ulrich Beck (2009) who has argued that the development and 'progress' of the post-modern society has led to an increase of risks within society, whether it be associated with technological progression or the production of wealth in the modernization of society.


Schools fear litigation, but the relatively few legal cases decided by Australian courts and tribunals each year suggest the fear is ill founded. That said, it's worth looking at some of the cases that do reach court, so that schools can take appropriate steps to minimise the risk of finding themselves in similar situations, says Leneen Forde.


The present disclosure is to improve the mammalian reproductive health, and provides compositions and methods for increasing the milk yield of a mammalian female. The method to enhance the mammalian reproductive health, or as milk yield of mammals increases, or as the fat content of the milk is increased, the IL-8 mammal an effective amount of female including the administration. In another aspect, the present disclosure is by administering IL-8 in the female mammal, including the prevention and / or treatment of uterine disorders. .BACKGROUND


The present study and application situation of domestic landfill leachate treatment is discussed in this paper. The advances of unit process and composite process is introduced and some actual applications in domestic landfill is recommended to give some advices to environmental protection personnel.


Increased production of biomass is currently the only immediately accessible alternative for large-scale carbon sequestration and it can produce large amounts of food, fuel and raw materials for the chemical industry that can in turn growingly replace oil as a source of organic building blocks and also of hydrogen and sulfur. Development of processes for biomass and abundant minerals transformation into chemical raw materials should now benefit from large inputs from nanotechnologies, biotechnologies, information and micro-reactor technologies. Success in R&D&Innovation along this line can yield new products and processes needed to perform desirable functions within a sustainable development paradigm.


The Generalized Interpolation Material Point (GIMP) method is examined. Its accuracy and stability are measured precisely via manufactured solutions and several improvements to GIMP are proposed, including a new least squares method that can be easily used within the GIMP framework. This dissertation is divided into three main parts. In the first part the standard velocity projection scheme for the Material Point (MPM) and GIMP methods is examined. It is demonstrated that the fidelity of information transfer from a particle representation to the computational grid is strongly dependent on particle density and location. In addition, use of nonuniform grids, and even nonuniform particle sizes, is shown to introduce error. An enhancement to the projection operation is developed which makes use of already available velocity gradient information. In the second part the stability and accuracy of GIMP is measured directly through carefully formulated manufactured solutions over wide ranges of Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy (CFL) numbers and mesh sizes. The manufactured solutions are described in detail and the accuracy and stability of several time integration schemes are compared via numerical experiments. In the third part a new solid mechanics method based on MPM and GIMP is introduced that uses Weighted Least Squares to approximate function values and gradients at grid nodes. The method represents a compromise between Finite Element and MPM/GIMP that improves accuracy, avoids nearest neighbor searches, and allows for initialization from three-dimensional image data. The method has a few drawbacks, which are also discussed, along with ways to mediate them. Implementation of the method is discussed in detail and several example problems are solved, including one manufactured solution that allows measurement of dynamic, nonlinear, large deformation performance.


In this study, effects of electric double layer (EDL) near the solid-liquid interface and viscous dissipation on pressure-driven liquid flow characteristics and heat transfer through a microcapillary are analyzed. As both effects were previously postulated to have certain contrary influences on flow characteristics, this analysis aims to study the interaction between the two effects via a control volume method based CFD technique. The Poisson-Boltzmann equation is used to describe EDL field near the channel wall. An additional body force due to the presence of EDL is considered in the Navier-Stokes equation. Temperature fields are explored via the energy equation with consideration of the viscous dissipation term. Variations of thermophysical properties are readily incorporated to induce a thorough observation of any coupling or adjoined effects from the two phenomena. Overall results demonstrate that in a short microchannel, when diameter decreases, EDL effects are significant, resulting in higher fluid temperature and friction, as well as reduced flow rate. Also, the effect increases with decreasing solution concentration. However, when channel length is long and flow rate is high, viscous dissipation effect dominates. It is concluded that in microchannel studies, the two effects are always present and contributing to the flow characteristics.


Responds to T. A. Ryan (see record 1980-29331-001) by emphasizing and demonstrating the usual inferential trade-off between protecting Type I and protecting Type II errors for multiple comparison procedures. Simultaneous test procedures are preferred, but it is felt that there are types of investiga


Urban forest is a dynamic urban ecosystem that provides critical benefits to urban residents and the environment. Accurate mapping of urban forest plays an important role in greenspace management. In this study, we apply a deep learning model, the U-net, to urban tree canopy mapping using high-resolution aerial photographs. We evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of the U-net in tree canopy mapping through experiments at four spatial scales—16 cm, 32 cm, 50 cm, and 100 cm. The overall performance of all approaches is validated on the ISPRS Vaihingen 2D Semantic Labeling dataset using four quantitative metrics, Dice, Intersection over Union, Overall Accuracy, and Kappa Coefficient. Two evaluations are performed to assess the model performance. Experimental results show that the U-net with the 32-cm input images perform the best with an overall accuracy of 0.9914 and an Intersection over Union of 0.9638. The U-net achieves the state-of-the-art overall performance in comparison with object-based image analysis approach and other deep learning frameworks. The outstanding performance of the U-net indicates a possibility of applying it to urban tree segmentation at a wide range of spatial scales. The U-net accurately recognizes and delineates tree canopy for different land cover features and has great potential to be adopted as an effective tool for high-resolution land cover mapping.


The gut is the only organ that can display reflexes and integrative neuronal activity even when isolated from the central nervous system. This activity can be triggered by luminal stimuli that are detected by nerves via epithelial intermediation. Epithelial enterochromaffin cells act as sensory transducers that activate the mucosal processes of both intrinsic and extrinsic primary afferent neurones through their release of 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT). Intrinsic primary afferent neurones are present in both the submucosal and myenteric plexuses. Peristaltic and secretory reflexes are initiated by submucosal intrinsic primary afferent neurones, which are stimulated by 5‐HT acting at 5‐HT1P receptors. 5‐HT acting at 5‐HT4 receptors enhances the release of transmitters from their terminals and from other terminals in prokinetic reflex pathways. Signalling to the central nervous system is predominantly 5‐HT3 mediated, although serotonergic transmission within the enteric nervous system and the activation of myenteric intrinsic primary afferent neurones are also 5‐HT3 mediated. The differential distribution of 5‐HT receptor subtypes makes it possible to use 5‐HT3 antagonists and 5‐HT4 agonists to treat intestinal discomfort and motility. 5‐HT3 antagonists alleviate the nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy and the discomfort from the bowel in irritable bowel syndrome; however, because 5‐HT‐mediated fast neurotransmission within the enteric nervous system and the stimulation of mucosal processes of myenteric intrinsic primary afferent neurones are 5‐HT3 mediated, 5‐HT3 antagonists tend to be constipating and should be used only when pre‐existing constipation is not a significant component of the problem to be treated. In contrast, 5‐HT4 agonists, such as tegaserod, are safe and effective in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation and chronic constipation. They do not stimulate nociceptive extrinsic nerves nor initiate peristaltic and secretory reflexes. Instead, they rely on natural stimuli to activate reflexes, which they strengthen by enhancing the release of transmitters in prokinetic pathways. Finally, when all the signalling by 5‐HT is over, its action is terminated by uptake into enterocytes or neurones, which is mediated by the serotonin reuptake transporter. In inflammation, serotonergic signalling is specifically diminished in the mucosa. Transcripts encoding tryptophan hydroxylase‐1 and serotonin reuptake transporter are both markedly decreased. Successive potentiation of 5‐HT and/or desensitization of its receptor could account for the symptoms seen in diarrhoea‐predominant and constipation‐predominant irritable bowel syndrome, respectively. Symptoms associated with the down‐regulation of the serotonin reuptake transporter in the human mucosa in irritable bowel syndrome are similar to the symptoms associated with the knockout of the serotonin reuptake transporter in mice. The observation that molecular defects occur in the human gut in irritable bowel syndrome strengthens the hand of those seeking to legitimize the disease. At least it is not 'all in your head'. The bowel contributes.


This work describes research towards computerassisted diagnostic neuropathology using support vector machines. The system processes digital photomicrographs in three phases: image preprocessing, feature extraction and classification. Compactness, fractal dimensions and co-occurrence matrices were used to generate a feature vector and then three different kernels were used for support vector machine classification. The results showed an increase in the system's performance when a combination of features was used rather than a single feature, with best results obtained for combination of all three features. Despite limited data, the results were promising, suggesting that this approach is worth exploring further.


We consider the spectrum of additive, polynomially vanishing random perturbations of deterministic matrices, as follows. Let $M_{N}$ be a deterministic $N\times N$ matrix, and let $G_{N}$ be a complex Ginibre matrix. We consider the matrix ${\mathcal{M}}_{N}=M_{N}+N^{-\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}}G_{N}$ , where $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}>1/2$ . With $L_{N}$ the empirical measure of eigenvalues of ${\mathcal{M}}_{N}$ , we provide a general deterministic equivalence theorem that ties $L_{N}$ to the singular values of $z-M_{N}$ , with $z\in \mathbb{C}$ . We then compute the limit of $L_{N}$ when $M_{N}$ is an upper-triangular Toeplitz matrix of finite symbol: if $M_{N}=\sum _{i=0}^{\mathfrak{d}}a_{i}J^{i}$ where $\mathfrak{d}$ is fixed, $a_{i}\in \mathbb{C}$ are deterministic scalars and $J$ is the nilpotent matrix $J(i,j)=\mathbf{1}_{j=i+1}$ , then $L_{N}$ converges, as $N\rightarrow \infty$ , to the law of $\sum _{i=0}^{\mathfrak{d}}a_{i}U^{i}$ where $U$ is a uniform random variable on the unit circle in the complex plane. We also consider the case of slowly varying diagonals (twisted Toeplitz matrices), and, when $\mathfrak{d}=1$ , also of independent and identically distributed entries on the diagonals in $M_{N}$ .


We give an algorithm to compute stable commutator length in free products of cyclic groups that is polynomial time in the length of the input, the number of factors, and the orders of the finite factors. We also describe some experimental and theoretical applications of this algorithm.


Spices are refer to the dried seeds,bark,root,stems,buds,leaves,or fruit of aromatic plants which growing up in tropical zone usually used to season food.Many of spices have bacteriostasis and be used to antisepticize or treat a disease.This paper introduce four spices such as garlic,ginger,Allium fistulosum and bush redpepper,and then discuss the relationship between them and health.


This is a 43 minute film with strong relationships to addressing the relationship of sound to image. Close, attentive, listening was important for this film, and to record the sounds in relation to the spaces was also a way of mapping those spaces. This influenced not only the approach to sound recording but also the method of visualizing the shots. Static long shots were necessary to focus on the changes within the sonic environment – sometimes extremely subtle – but also to create a particular tempo or pace. At a basic level the film is about these conjoined sonic and visual spaces; it moves – though not in any coherent narrative sense – through the spaces of the house, which now contain a museum, an archive, a working office and garden terrace. Each of these spaces feature with their own particular sounds. Events, which constitute what we might call 'narrative clusters' take place in these spaces: the plants are watered, an envelope packaged, the ondiola instruments are tested and finally played. The film, in this sense, moves towards its conclusion with an improvisation performed by pianist Oscar Pizzo on the two electronic ondiolas. It was funded by Arts Council England and is touring 2011-12. It has been shown at De la Warr Centre, Bexhill, Italian Cultural Institute, London; Art Picturehouse, Cambridge (2010) Sound Fjord Gallery, London (forthcoming 2011) and other venues.


GERT is an acronym for Graphical Evaluation and Review Technique. It provides a method of modeling, simulating and solving a wide range and simplex large-scale system problems. This method of modeling allows the analysis of complex system characterized by a high degree of interaction between system components. In this study, the GERT networks were modified to use as a powerful tool for efficient designing of agricultural mechanization projects and these projects were modeled and simulated through them. In addition, the operation of allocating resources to activities was carried out by means of breaking the mother activities of the project into smaller ones. This issue with more details was utilized in agricultural system of Tabriz Plain, Iran, in mechanized production of wheat project and the project was modeled and simulated by GERT networks. The simulated model seems to be a suitable device for perfect planning, scheduling, coordinating and managing.


In this paper, we characterize the pointwise multiplier space M(D_τ, D_μ) of Dirichlet typespaces in the unit ball of C~n for the values of τ, μ in three cases: (i)τ n. and construct two functions to show that M(D_τ)D_τ properly if τ≤n andM(D_τ)M(D_μ) properly if τ>μ and τ>n-1.


Abstract In this paper the author discussed and described the species of Chilognathous Myriopods which have been detected in the Coal measures. Of these he recognized 6, viz. Xylobius sigillariœ (Daws.), X. similis, sp. n., X. fractus, sp. n., X. Dawsonii, sp. n., X. Woodwardii (═sigillariœ, Woodw.), and a species upon which he founded a new genus, Archiulus xylobioides. He regarded these forms as constituting a peculiar family, for which he proposed the name of Arehiulidœ.


The basic aim of this research is to make an assessment of problems associated with undercapitalized parastatal organizations; a case study of Tanzania Zambia railway Authority (TAZARA). The research investigated the complexities surrounding the sourcing of capital and canvas for alternative sources. It uncovered, high lightened the problems surrounding the operations of the organization. The research was based on both primary and secondary data and this research was conducted on employees, management and stakeholders of Tanzania Zambia Railway Authority of Mpika Muchinga Province. Data were collected through questionnaires consisting of several questions; the sample consisted of 55 correspondents which represented 100% of the study population of 120 elements. The correlation analysis test was applied through excel to find out the results of the research. Results indicated on how capital insufficient has affected the company in a negative way. The findings of research proved that as long as the company is not recapitalized, the problems it is facing currently will continue. It will continue facing challenges in its operations. It further reviewed that the other causes of problems the company is facing are competing from road transport, obsolete infrastructure and poor management. The research further reviewed that the risks associated with undercapitalization included reduced sales, reduced employee morale and high labour turnover. Based on the results of this research it has been recommended that TAZARA can only come out of the current position by recapitalizing the company fully, also to encourage Public Private Partnership (PPP) and allow the company to operate on commercial basis. The two states should issue statutory instruments which direct most of the cargo to be moving on railway. ___________________________________________________________________________________ The International Journal of Multi-Disciplinary Research ISSN: 3471-7102, ISBN: 978-9982-70-318-5 2 Paper-ID: CFP/932/2018 www.ijmdr.net


White Noise and The Crying of Lot 49 are considered Image Fiction novels, works that try to make visible the influence that mass media had on modern era. This is exemplified in both novels, as media deeply affect their plot's development as well as the characters' evolution and ways of communicating. This essay focuses on this from three main points of view: the extent to which the audience engages with the media in both works, the extent to which media become the only source of information and the consequences this may have, and the importance of concepts such as "noise," language or drugs in both novels.


The invention relates to an electronically commutated electric motor (40), which is designed for use in a multi-voltage on-board network (100) for a motor vehicle comprising a first, operable at a first operating voltage first subnetwork (10) and a second, operable at a second operating voltage second having subnet (20), wherein the first operating voltage and second operating voltage are the same or different. Electronically commutatable motor (40) is designed for an at least temporarily operated as a DC voltage converting unit (40) between the first subnet (10) and the second subnet (20) of the multi-voltage on-board network (100). A corresponding multi-voltage on-board network (100), the use of an electronically commutated electric motor (40) in such a multi-voltage on-board network (100), a method for operating of a corresponding electric motor (40) or a corresponding multi-voltage on-board network (100) and means for its implementation, are also subjects of present invention.