The transmission characteristics of diffusion silicon pressure sensor were influenced by temperature.In order to compensate the pressure sensor output effectively,and then get accurate and reliable measured pressure,some means must be used so that the input pressure and temperature sensors to achieve decoupling.A simple compensation model with high-accuracy was proposed to reduce the error based on the error composition analysis of the general diffusion silicon pressure sensor,and then also an effective formula.Finally the correctness of the algorithm was verified,and the accuracy of the algorithm was less than 0.1% FS.


A guide for our current BWB club and resources and tips for other schools considering starting up a similar club Books that have been particularly well received


In this Pro-Con commentary article, the authors have been asked to refute or support a position regarding anesthesia for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). ERCPs are unique in that they not only necessitate a shared airway but are typically performed in the prone (or semiprone) position on a special procedural table. Moreover, procedural times can vary from <1 hour to several hours. advocating for monitored anesthesia care (MAC) versus those who rely on general endotracheal anesthesia (GEA).


SENSOR LINEAR MEASUREMENT CONTACT BY backscattered radiation, THE DISTANCE BETWEEN THE SENSOR AND TARGET POSSIBLY IN MOVEMENT, WITH AN ISSUER OF LIGHT SENDING ON TARGET A LIGHT BEAM, MEANS TO DETERMINE THE DISTANCE IN SE REFERRING TO THE CURVE IF (D) THAT REFLECTS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE DISTANCE AND INTENSITY scattered, CHARACTERIZED BY THE MEANS OF ANALYSIS OF THE INTENSITY OF I backscattered light CONSIST OF TWO NEIGHBORS RECEIVERS AND pARALLEL BUT AREAS THE ISSUER, THE ONE HAND AND THEM OTHER WAY AS PART OF THE SECOND PARTY GRAPH OF THEIR LAW IF (D) IF AND (D) ARE OUTSIDE ONE TO ANOTHER.


Introduction. Studies have suggested that 20% to 50% of inpatients are malnourished. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of malnutrition risk in inpatients at an acute hospital and to evaluate the association between nutritional risk and clinical outcomes. Methods. Records of 40,105 adult patients admitted to our hospital between January and December 2016 were retrieved. We recorded patient Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST) scores (range, 0–5) and outcomes after discharge from hospital such as length of hospital stay (LOS), 28-day emergency readmission rate, and death. The malnutrition risk was categorised into three levels according to MST score: low risk (0-1), medium risk (2), and high risk (≥3). We made comparisons among the three groups, and between the low-risk group and the mediumand high-risk (at-risk) group. Results. The prevalence of malnutrition risk was 9.2%. Malnutrition risk was 12.0% among those aged ≥65 years and 6.1% among those aged 18 to 65 years. The low-, mediumand high-risk groups differed significantly in terms of the mean patient age (64.2 vs. 70.8 vs. 73.7 years, p<0.01) and the mean LOS (4.2 vs. 6.4 vs. 7.4 days, p<0.001). The emergency readmission rate within 28 days was higher in at-risk patients than in low-risk patients (25.1% vs. 14.6%, odds ratio=2.0, p<0.001), as was the mortality rate (8.5% vs. 2.3%, odds ratio=3.9, p<0.001). Conclusion. Malnutrition is a common problem among hospitalised patients. The use of a validated malnutrition screening tool to lower the malnutrition risk is necessary. A multicentre cross-sectional study on the effect of malnutrition on clinical outcomes is needed for developing service-quality enhancement measures. 1 Dietetics Department, North District Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong 2 Department of Surgery, North District Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong 3 Central Nursing Department, North District Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong Correspondence to: Dr Terry HY Ting, 1/F, Dietetics Department, North District Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong. Email: email@example.com intake owing to neurological disorders (including dysphagia) that decrease the ability to self-feed, sideeffects of drugs or treatments, or deterioration in taste and smell leading to a poor appetite.2 Malnutrition is more likely to develop in older adults with comorbid chronic conditions, impaired adaptation to inflammatory-catabolic states, or a heightened risk of acute diseases.3 By 2050, the number of older INTRODUCTION Malnutrition is defined as a state of nutrition in which an excess or deficiency of energy, macroand micro-nutrients causes adverse effects on clinical, functional, and economic outcomes.1 Malnutrition is common in health care settings, particularly in an acute care hospitals, when patients reduce their food


BACKGROUND
There is a change in paradigm in intensive care units with trends towards lighter sedation. Light or no sedation protocols are, however, a radical change for clinical practice and can cause challenges for the patients. Undergoing mechanical ventilation when conscious can be a distressing experience for the patients. Receiving a tracheostomy increases patient comfort, but some patients still undergo prolonged endotracheal intubation during mechanical ventilation. The experience of being conscious during endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit has not previously been described.

AIMS
The aim of the study was to explore adult intensive care unit patients' experience of being conscious during endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation.

DESIGN
Data collection was performed through semi-structured interviews and four patients were enrolled. Data were collected at two multidisciplinary intensive care units in Denmark.

METHOD
Data were analysed using Ricoeur's theory of interpretation, using the method described by Dreyer and Pedersen. The scientific tradition was phenomenological-hermeneutic.

RESULT
During the analysis, three themes emerged: (1) The tube in the throat. (2) To be conscious but feeling doped. (3) When passing of time is dragging on.

CONCLUSION
The findings shed a light over the experience of being conscious during endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit. A no-sedation protocol may cause problems for the patients both of a physical and an existential character, but despite this, patients seem positive towards being conscious.

RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE
The study suggests that clinical nursing practice may have to be further developed to accommodate the patients' needs, e.g. communicating and participating as well as optimizing nursing interventions towards thirst, pain and tube management. Furthermore, the intensive care unit setting may need revision, providing space for the patient and sensory meaningful inputs in the technologically intense environment.


BACKGROUND
The family environment influences food consumption and behaviours, which impact adolescent's eating habits, diet and health. Young individuals who frequently eat family meals are less likely to develop risk- and behaviour-related outcomes as obesity.

AIM
To assess the relationship between the family meal environment and food and macronutrient consumption in European adolescents.

METHODS
1,703 adolescents aged 12.5-17.5 years (46.5% male) from the European HELENA cross-sectional study were selected. Sociodemographic variables and dietary intake using two non-consecutive self-reported 24-hour dietary recalls were collected from all the included participants. The relationship between family meals' environment and food and macronutrient consumption was analized using analysis of covariance.

RESULTS
Adolescents who used to take their main meals with their family were associated with high consumption of healthy foods and beverages (i.e. vegetables, fruit, milk, water) and low consumption of energy dense food and beverages as chocolate, savoury snacks, sugar or juices compared with those who used to eat alone, with friends or other people (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSION
The company/people with whom adolescents consume their meal have an important influence on the adolescent's consumption of different types of food (especially at lunch). Family's environment during meals has been associated with a high consumption of healthy foods.


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George Klein

George Klein, and his wife, Eva Klein, made discoveries that were fundamental to cancer immunology and cancer biology. George passed away December 10, 2016, at the age of 91.

George and Eva Klein's 1960 article in Cancer Research ([1][2]) was something of a big


Understanding of animal behavior is an important step to promote sustainable beef production, improving feed efficiency and animal welfare. The objective of this study was to identify candidate genes associated with feeding behavior traits including feeding event frequency (FREQ) and daily feeding duration (DUR) in crossbred beef cattle. The phenotypes were collected using the GrowSafe system during performance tests carried out between 2003 and 2013. The average of FREQ and DUR were calculated for 3,509 and 3,511 animals, respectively. After quality control, 3,529 genotyped animals and 37,298 SNPs remained. The genome-wide association analyses were performed using the weighted single-step GBLUP method. The results were reported as proportion of additive genetic variance explained by each window of 20 consecutive SNPs. The top 10 SNP-windows with the major effects for each trait were located on chromosomes 1, 2, 6, 7, 9, 12, 13, 14 and 16 for FREQ and 1, 3, 4, 5, 8, 13, 20, 23 and 28 for DUR. These regions explained 12.96% and 10.29% of the additive genetic variance and contain 17 and 163 positional candidate genes for FREQ and DUR, respectively. Potential genomic regions and candidate genes were identified and may improve the biological understanding of feeding behavior traits in beef cattle.


The purpose of this project was to develop an instructional unit on the community of Elliot Lake, Ontario for use in the Grade Two environmental studies course in that community. -- Filmstrips with an accompanying audiotape and teacher's guide were chosen as the media of presentation to the intended learners. -- Various developmental stages were involved in the completion of the instructional package. At certain stages content and media experts and teachers were consulted informally and formally for the purpose of evaluating the content and technical qualities of the instructional materials. Based upon the recommendations of these evaluations, changes were made in the instructional package. -- Two experimental groups were used in piloting the instructional package. Two Grade Two classes of environmental studies and their teachers took part in the study. -- Statistical analyses of the pretest/posttest results showed that significant learning had taken place between the administration of the two tests. It was reasonable to conclude the this learning was brought about by the intervening use of the instructional package. A questionnaire was also used to evaluate the instructional unit. The Grade Two environmental studies teachers and the chairman of the school board's committee on environmental studies who evaluated the instructional package, Elliot Lake, Our Community, highly recommended it for use in the Grade Two environmental studies course.


Methodical approaches of developing managerial cost accounting in budgeting of production units of the food industry are substantiated in the paper. Self-supporting nature of companies in the current environment requires the implementation of strict cost control methods, which is the best ensured by the «budgeting» as the most perfect form of planning and control in relation to the emerging competitive conditions and inflation. With this regard, the requirements for developing management accounting with creating new facilities: rerolling departments as «responsibility centers» «cost centers», (for the most important types of processing equipment) and «expense centers» (individual workers) are also changed. The proposed accounting method provides information for the overall monitoring of the established budget of expenditure levels of the whole technological process of manufacturing at the enterprises of food industry. The research results can be used by practitioners at the food industry enterprises.


Use of plastic in road construction is gaining importance these days because plastic roads perform better than ordinary roads and the plastic waste, otherwise considered to be a pollution menace can find its use. This paper deals with the investigations of the use of waste plastic for coating of aggregates in the bituminous mix. Optimum bituminous mixes are designed using ordinary aggregate and plastic coated aggregate. The comparative study of the mixes is also presented.


This paper presents aspects concerning the new developments in the field of precise positioning based on GNSS technology with application in cadastre. It is introduced the ROMPOS system developed by National Agency for Cadastre and Land Registration (NACLR) - Department of Geodesy and Cartography. ROMPOS postprocessing service it is realized especially for geodetic network modernization and very precise positioning (cm...mm) level. NACLR launched real time services (DGPS/RTK) and are mainly dedicated for cadastre applications. Official regulations for GNSS RTK positioning are new introduced. Rezumat: Lucrarea prezinta aspecte privind noi dezvoltari in domeniul pozitionarii precise bazata pe tehnologia GNSS cu aplicatie in cadastru. In Romania este introdus sistemul ROMPOS dezvoltat de Agentia Nationala de Cadastru- Departamentul de Geodezie si Cartografie. Serviciul de postprocesare ROMPOS este realizat in special pentru modernizarea retelelor geodezice si pentru un nivel de pozitionare foarte precis.(cm…mm). Agentia de Cadastru a lansat servicii in timp real (DGPS/RTK) si sunt aplicatii strict dedicate aplicatiilor cadastrale. Reglementarile oficiale pentru pozitionarea GNSS RTK sunt nou introduse in sistem. Keyworks: ROMPOS, cadastre, GNSS, permanent station, RTK, Virtual Reference Station Cuvinte cheie: ROMPOS, cadastru, GNSS, statie permanenta, RTK, Statie de Referinta Virtuala


Like many other universities Roskilde University, Denmark, is preparing for a future with greatly increased use of information and communication technology in all educational activities (Cheesman et al. 2002). One challenge among many is to choose Elearning software that is not only efficient but also suitable for local conditions. In our case we particularly need software that will make it possible to remediate on to the internet the type of problem-oriented project group work, which is the hallmark of Roskilde University pedagogy. Experiments with various CSCL and CSCW software (Computer-supported Collaborative Learning/Work) have been carried out for a couple of years at Roskilde (Cheesman & Heilesen 2001, Heilesen & al. 2002, Heilesen & Cheesman 2002), but most likely the perfect system may yet have to be found.


From William Petty to Feldstein, land tax research went through three periods: pre -classical, classical and modern periods. In the pre -classical period, economists mainly conducted empirical research on land tax. Then in the classical period, the partial equilibrium analysis of land tax was developed and perfected. In the modern period, economists discussed elementarily the dynamic incidence of land tax by general equilibrium analysis. However there are some questions remaining unsolved concerning whether the land tax should be neutral or non - neutral, the incidence of land tax should be progressive or degressive. These will be the focus of further investigation.


In microscale fluids, fields of physical force and streaming play central roles in manipulating and tweezing objects, but it is difficult to disentangle and obtain accurate pictures of them. We develop a multiradius microparticle image velocimetry (MRμPIV) protocol to solve this problem in miniaturized spaces. By using several monodisperse suspensions of spherical particles, each with its own specific particle radius, two-dimensional (2D) mapping separating the fields of radiation force and streaming is demonstrated in a microfluidic chamber driven by standing or focused surface acoustic waves, while motorized scanning is unnecessary and no special assumptions need to be made about the driving field. The results also allow the extraction of other physical parameters such as the acoustic pressure amplitude. The principle of MRμPIV relies on a quasiequilibrium assumption for the particle motion and a linear dependence of the field force on particle volume. Therefore, it is also applicable to tweezing techonologies using optical, dielectrophoretic, and magnetic forces, constituting an extension of the PIV technique impactful for microscale physics in general.


The present work involved Ni(II) removal by the two prepared agrowaste activated carbons prepared by using wheat stem and spent Babul bark as the raw materials and data was compared with a commercially available activated carbon. The electroplating industry effluent data was compared with the synthetic wastewater data under similar conditions. Initial nickel (II) concentration ranged from 1.0 gm/l to 100.0 mg/l, pH value 2.0 to 7.0, activated carbon dose varied from 2.0 g/l to 10.0 g/l and the adsorption period from 0.5 hr. to 6.0 hrs. The nickel removal in general increased with carbon dose, adsorption period, pH value and decrease with increase in nickel concentration. Electroplating effluent showed 2% to 10% lower removal as compared to the synthetic solution at the similar conditions. Almost 100% removal of Ni (II) was observed using wheat stem activated carbon at a pH value of 4.0 in adsorption period of 4.0 hrs at 36±2°C, carbon does of 16.0 h/l when the initial nickel concentration was 25.0 g/l.


The behavior of the auditory fatigue can be divided into two groups: per-stimulatory and poststimulatory. In this paper per-stimulatory fatigue was determined by bilateral loudness balance test.During a continuous stimulation of 5 minutes at 90db sensation levels in 1000cps on one ear, a pure tone of short impulse in 1000cps was applied on the other ear 15 seconds and 30 seconds after the stimulation and thereafter every 30 seconds. By adjusting a balancing tone to a fatiguing tone, the loudness balance of sensation in both ears was obtained in every impulse.In the testing of 100 persons with normal hearing, auditory fatigue developed abruptly in almost all individuals within first 15 seconds, and maintained a parallel equilibrium in 2 to 4 minutes at the dial ranging from 85 to 15db in the balancing ear. The distribution of the final level of balancing.tone seemed to correspond to the normal distribution with central peak around 60 to 45db. The auditory fatigue of the individual was always constant, and was not affected even by the condition of menstruation or general malaise, expect in cases of extremely severe physical fatigue such as playing mah-jong or heavy work through all the night.The level shift of baeancing tone, namely the auditory fatigue, increased after the administration, of Priscol (1% Icc) in all 10 cases, and after Pilocarpin (1% 0.5cc) in 8 cases out of 10 cases, whereas decreased after the injection of Atropin (0.05% 1cc) in 5 cases out of 10 cases. The level was not affected by the injection of Nor-adrenalin (0.10 lcc). The auditory fatigue decreased following the intravenous injection of 7% sodium bicarbonate solution in 50cc dosis in 9 cases out of 12 cases.


This paper aims to demonstrate the way in which knowledge and information become essential elements of building up a system (Students' Professional Association of the University of Bucharest - Team Work), contributing to strengthening its position and providing solutions for other systems that Team Work enters into partnership with through synergistic effect. Knowledge-based society requires each socio-economic entity to find solutions to adapt them to the situations they find themselves in, which are often outside the regulations. Knowledge offers us the chance to anticipate, thus avoiding crises situations. Therefore, Team Work becomes a system that creates people and contexts.


The utility model down-flow aeration biological filtering tank with dual-layer filtering material; a water distribution tank is positioned at the both sides of the top end of a tank body; a backwashing water outlet groove is arranged at the middle part which is slightly lower than the water distribution tank; a large grain filtering material layer, a fine grain filtering layer and a gravel supporting layer are sequentially arranged under the backwashing groove in the tank body; a technical aeration device is arranged in the gravel supporting layer; a filtering plate is arranged under the gravel supporting layer; a plurality of filtering heads are arranged on the filtering plate; a backwashing water and gas distribution area is arranged under the filtering plate; a water outlet pipe, a backwashing gas inlet pipe and a backwashing water inlet pipe are respectively communicated with the backwashing water and gas distribution area; the grain diameter of the filtering material in the large grain filtering material layer is between 8mm and 16mm; the density is smaller than that of the filter material grain in the fine grain filtering layer; and the grain diameter of the filtering material in the fine grain filtering layer is between 4mm and 8mm. The biological filtering tank has the advantages that the water head loss is little, and the backwashing period is long, thus being the economical, effective and practical device in the biological pretreatment technology of micro-polluted drinking water source.


The condition now known as chronic respiratory disease (CRD) of chickens was first described by Delaplane and Stuart in 1943.3 The agent isolated by Delaplane was egg-propagated: Previously, Nelsong had reported on a coccibacilliform body as the cause of coryza of slow onset, which could be propagated in fertile eggs and tissue culture. Markham and Wongs in 1952 successfully cultured the etiological agent of turkey sinusitis and CRD of chickens in cell-free media. Grumbles et aL5 utilized carbohydrate broth enriched with pleuropneumonialike organisms (PPLO) serum fraction (Difco) in studying cultural and biochemical characteristics. Jacobs et a1.7 and White et a1.l0 described the use of a hemagglutination inhibition test for the PPLO group of organisms. Some PPLO did not hemagglutinate, and good hemagglutinating antigens could not be made from others; therefore, hemagglutination cannot be utilized in a serologic study of all organisms. Since the description of an agglutination test by Adler' in 1954, considerable progress has been made in the serologic study of PPLO. It is now possible to prepare antigens from almost any given strain of organism and compare it with other PPLO strains. Adler et aL2 have shown that strains of PPLO differ serologically and in pathogenicity.


This study attempts to found the goals in History Education of Sports & Physical Education in View of the Nature of History and the Structure of Curriculum & Instruction. The goals in History Education of Sports and Physical Education are analyzed into three constituent elements: historical understanding, historical consciousness, and historical knowledge and concept formation. Historical understanding involves partly the understanding of the perspective of a particular historian in dealing with historical phenomena, since historical facts are discribed differently according to the perspectives of historian. Therefore, in historical understanding, we should use the colligatory concept which contains the characteristics of a period, and by using it we can discribe and deduce the historical phenomena, so that the phenomena can be colligated by the common under ore concept leading to the historical generalization. The foundation of historical conscionsness is the historical thinking. The temporal sequence of the past, present and future is unified in historical consciousness, and we can realize our own historical existence in the light of tole sequence. Therefore, historical conciousness is the self consciousness concerning historical existence. Historical knowledge is analyzed into period concept and historical process. The Intellectual operational level in historical knowledge lead to the historical conciousness.


To evaluate the perceptions of breast imaging training in the United States among practicing breast radiologists.

 An anonymous electronic survey was sent to physician members of the Society of Breast Imaging. Study participants were queried about why they practice breast imaging, what percentage of their clinical practice consists of breast imaging, details about their breast imaging training, and how well their training prepared them for their breast imaging practice. Results were stratified by whether respondents completed a breast imaging fellowship and length of time practicing breast imaging. Results were compared using the Chi-squared test or Fisher's exact test.

 We received 271 completed survey responses. Of the survey respondents, 52.4% (141/269) were employed in private practice, 24.2% (65/269) in academic practice, and 23.4% (63/269) in a mixed/hybrid practice. Overall, 46.6% (125/268) of respondents reported practicing a greater proportion of breast imaging than anticipated during training and 18.7% (50/268) had not anticipated that their future practice would include breast imaging at all. The 62.3% (167/268) of survey respondents who had completed a breast or women's imaging fellowship were significantly more likely to report sufficient training in screening mammography, diagnostic mammography, breast procedures, and MRI interpretation.

 Our study highlights perceived areas of insufficiency in breast imaging training. These were most notable among those who did not complete a breast imaging fellowship. These insufficiencies may be considered when updating the next version of the residency training curriculum.


Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of oral cefcapene pivoxil in the treatment of acute bacteria infections,including respiratory tract infection and urinary tract infection.Methods A multicenter double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted.Cefcapene pivoxil was 100 mg three times a daily by oral.Cefpodoxime proxetil as a controlled drug was 200 mg twice daily by oral.The course of treatment was 5-14 days.Results In the randomized controlled study,135 patients were enrolled in cefcapene group,135 patients were assessable for safety and 128 patients were assessable for efficacy.While 134 patients were enrolled in cefpodoxime group,134 patients were assessed safety and 129 patients assessed efficacy.The clinical total effective rate in cefcapene group was 97.66%;the bacterial clearance rate was 96.36%.While those of cefpodoxime group were 94.57% and 94.06%,respectively.The incidence of adverse reaction was 5.19% and 4.48%,respectively.There was not marked difference between the two groups in statistics.In trial and control groups no serious adverse reaction was reported.Conclusion Cefcapene pivoxil is effective and safe for the treatment of acute respiratory or urinary tract bacterial infections.


The Deconstitutionalization of America: The Forgotten Frailties of Democratic Rule. By Roger M. Barrus, John H. Eastby, Joseph H. Lane, Jr., David E. Marion, and James F. Pontuso. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2004. 174p. $70.00 cloth, $21.95 paper. In this short but provocative book, the authors argue that Americans' interest over the last century in expanding democratic responsiveness to the popular will has resulted in a diminution of representative institutions. Only the latter can refine and enlarge public opinion and provide the safeguards that are the essence of constitutionalism. The triumph of democracy is not inevitable. We are in danger of forgetting, the authors suggest, "its intrinsic and characteristic deficiencies, which must be counteracted if it is to function properly" (p. 7). In the first four chapters, Roger Barrus and his coauthors concentrate on American statesmen whose writings and actions played crucial roles in shaping the current context.


The main reservoirs in the Mesozoic of Xizichuan oilfield are distributed in Chang 6,Chang 2,Chang 4+5 of Triassic Yanchang formation,especially enrichment in Chang 6 and Chang 2.With the development of exploration,Chang 9,Chang 8 reservoirs continue to be discovered,which is subtle,small sized and harder to discover.The present study shows that they are cont rolled by multiple factors.The distribution of reservoirs is mainly cont rolled by sedimentary faces,nose-shaped uplift is important for oil enrichment.


The invention provides a back-turning flow plate-fin heat exchanger. A heat exchange core body is connected with a high temperature end and a low temperature end. The heat exchange core is composed of a plurality of horizontal heat exchange sections and a plurality of vertical heat exchange sections in a snake-shaped perpendicular series connecting mode. One connecting mode or combination of multiple connecting modes is adopted, so that the combined portions of horizontal heat exchange sections and the vertical heat exchange sections are connected in a butt joint mode through heat transfer fins with the overlapped portions cut, or through discrete type heat transfer fins which are arranged on the corner portions, or through a rectangle formed by triangular heat transfer fins. The width of a channel of each horizontal heat exchange section is gradually reduced from the high temperature end to the low temperature end. The width of a channel of each vertical heat exchange section is gradually reduced from the high temperature end to the low temperature end. The widths of the channels of the heat exchange sections are designed to be different according to change of temperature, flow speed of fluid is adjusted, the efficiency of a heat exchanger is improved, occupied space is saved due to the series connection match mode of the horizontal heat exchange sections and the vertical heat exchange sections, and manufacturing cost and maintaining cost are obviously reduced as well.


The art of paper folding or origami, an activity that is good for stimulatingcreativity and build structured thinking in children. Realizing that the author chose to tryto teach some simple methods of folding paper to children at an early ageat CangkolDuwur hamlet, Lencoh Village, Boyolali. This activity is the author deliberately held giventhe number of small children who look pretty much and yet their activities that stimulatethe motor development and creativity of children being taught here. Because the subjectof this activity is the early age children, this activity is designed with a simple method.Children who follow these events were only asked to see, and then practice togetherand they even may form other patterns if they want to. The allocation of time on thisactivity is 4 hours with 2 times the effective time of the meeting. The results of thismeeting the children become more creative and began to cultivate the mindset ofcreative, innovative and structured since childhood .


See related article, pp 627–633

Cell surface receptors and their ligands cooperatively regulate physiological processes. The receptor activity is regulated positively when agonists bind and negatively when antagonists displace the agonists. Complete absence of a hormone should abrogate physiological and pathogenic functions regulated by the cognate receptor. However, awareness of the constitutive activity, the ability of native receptors to become functionally active in absence of hormone, is changing our view of the robustness of ligand-regulated receptor mechanisms.

Paradigms of constitutive activity of G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) and inverse agonist activity of GPCR-targeted drugs are firmly established. The GPCR, angiotensin II (Ang II) type 1 receptor (AT1R), can be spontaneously active.1 Ways such as membrane environment, interacting proteins, receptor autoantibodies, and single nucleotide polymorphisms that increase expression can increase G-protein signaling in the absence of Ang II using the potential energy of the receptor.2 Inverse agonists can suppress the constitutive activity of a receptor; however, classic antagonists cannot perform this action1,2 (Figure).

Figure.
Mechanism of the constitutively active angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) signaling is shown in blue. The classic agonist-activated AT1R signaling is shown in black and white. GRK indicates G protein–coupled receptor kinase; P, phosphorylation.

Constitutive activity is an inherent property of a GPCR in all, including human and animal, species.1–3 Wild-type AT1R stimulates significant G protein signaling in the absence of Ang II, when 1 to 10 pmol/mg of receptor is expressed in cell lines. The constitutively active pool of wild-type AT1R is <5%, which is the reason why it is difficult to detect it with the …


A cylinder-type underwater vehicle for military use that is running near the free surface at the final homing stage to hit a surface ship target is affected by wave force and moment. Since wave can affect an underwater vehicle running at the depth less than half of the modal wave length, it is important to confirm that the underwater vehicle can work well in such a situation. In this paper, wave force and moment per unit wave amplitude depending on wave frequency, wave direction, and vehicle's running depth were calculated by 3-Dimensional panel method, and the numerical results were modeled in external force terms of six degrees of freedom equations of motion. Motion simulation of the underwater vehicle running in various speed, depth, and sea state were performed.


The Goldberger-Wise mechanism enables one to stabilize the length of the warped extra dimension employed in Randall-Sundrum models. In this work we generalize this mechanism to models with multiple warped throats sharing a common ultraviolet brane. For independent throats this generalization is straightforward. If the throats possess a discrete interchange symmetry like Z{sub n}, the stabilizing dynamics may respect the symmetry, resulting in equal throat lengths, or they may break it. In the latter case the ground state of an initially symmetric configuration is a stabilized asymmetric configuration in which the throat lengths differ. We focus on two- (three-) throat setups with a Z{sub 2} (Z{sub 3}) interchange symmetry and present stabilization dynamics suitable for either breaking or maintaining the symmetry. Though admitting more general application, our results are relevant for existing models in the literature, including the two-throat model with Kaluza-Klein parity, and the three-throat model of flavor with a broken Z{sub 3} symmetry.


This paper illustrates the difficulties in quantifying overconfidence in experimental finance and suggests a procedure for the development of a reliable overconfidence measurement instrument. Following the outlined two–stage procedure a sample measure of overconfidence is developed. First, a pilot test is conducted to divide the initial 50 items into three difficulty levels: hard, moderate and easy questions. In the second stage a final instrument with six questions of each difficulty level was compiled and tested. Reliability of the final instrument was assessed.


M E T H O D S Echocardiograms in 1,591 patients with asymptomatic AS (67 10 years, 51% hypertensive) at baseline in the SEAS (Simvastatin Ezetimibe in Aortic Stenosis) study evaluating placebo-controlled combined simvastatin and ezetimibe treatment in AS were used to assess LV global load as valvuloarterial impedance and LV myocardial function as stress-corrected midwall shortening. The study population was divided into tertiles of global load. Stress-corrected midwall shortening was considered low if 87% in men and 90% in women. Low-flow AS was defined as stroke volume index 22 ml/m.


In the past decades, increasing attention in the public sector has been paid to the relationship between human resource management (HRM) practices and organizational commitment. The bureaucratic structure of public organizations has often been mentioned to have a negative impact on this relationship. To reduce red tape and increase goal clarity, governments worldwide have created semi-autonomous agencies that operate at arm's length, expecting that they would operate under more business-like conditions with positive effects on organizational commitment. In this study, these positive expectations were tested using groups of employees working at central government, two types of agencies, and businesses. Using multigroup structural equation modeling with a Dutch data set containing 2,432 respondents, the findings provide little support for the notion that agencies are similar to businesses in terms of bureaucracy and ways to stimulate employee commitment, and even indicate that some agencies are more bureaucratic than central government.


The invention relates to a process for producing 5-hydroxymethylfurfural from a feedstock comprising at least one sugar using a combination of at least one catalyst selected from homogeneous Lewis acids, heterogeneous Lewis acids, and heterogeneous bases and at least one Bronsted acid homogeneous catalyst selected from the families of thioureas, sulfonic acids and organic phosphorus compounds alone or in admixture in the presence of at least one aprotic polar solvent at a temperature between 30 ° C and 300 ° C, and at a pressure between 0.1 MPa and 10 MPa.


To overcome one of the central problems in measuring sensitive issues - socially desired responses, experimental (visual) techniques have lately been introduced into social science research. The study at hand examines attitudes towards migrants and groups of migrants in Germany by means of morphing technology. In a computer based survey, faces of women and men with different ethnical origins - Spanish, Polish, Kuwaiti and Turkish - are visually manipulated to a brighter or darker skin colour. Together with the graphical display, bibliographic notes of the fictitious person are provided in a factorial design: Information concerning educational, professional and family status are altered. The respondent gives a personal view whether a work or stay permit shall be granted to the displayed person. Using this visual technique, (marginal) effects of skin colour can be exactly detected while keeping textual information constant. Further, this approach provides us with an opportunity to determine the most crucial personal features - visual or non-visual - that account for the attitude towards a migrant. Most relevantly, we expect German respondents to assess more positively morphed faces with brighter skin colour as well as female Muslims not wearing headscarves.


Background: Adequate postoperative pain therapy for emergency abdominal surgeries is important far beyond the perioperative period because sensitization to painful stimuli can cause postoperative morbidity. A prospective, double-blind, randomized study was carried out to compare the quality of postoperative analgesia and side-effect profile between epidurally administered butorphanol and nalbuphine as an adjuvant to 0.2% ropivacaine. Materials and Methods: A total of eighty patients, 43 men and 37 women between the age of 18 and 65 years of American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Class I E and II E, who underwent intestinal perforation repair surgery were randomly allocated into two groups ropivacaine with butorphanol (RB) and ropivacaine with nalbuphine (RN), comprising of 40 patients each. Group RB received 0.2% ropivacaine containing 2 mg butorphanol while Group RN received 0.2% ropivacaine containing 10 mg nalbuphine through thoracic epidural catheter. Quality of analgesia, cardiorespiratory parameters, side-effects, and the need of rescue intravenous analgesia were observed. Results: The demographic profile and ASA Class were comparable between the groups. RN group had good quality of analgesia and stable cardiorespiratory parameters for the initial 6 h of postoperative period, after which they were comparable in both groups. Furthermore, the need of rescue analgesia was higher (20%) in the RB group during the first 6 h. The side-effect profile was comparable with a little higher incidence of nausea in both groups. Conclusion: Thoracic epidurally administered ropivacaine with nalbuphine is more effective than ropivacaine with butorphanol for immediate postoperative pain relief in patients undergoing emergency exploratory laparotomy.


The author describes the work of the Mobile Radio Training Trust (MRTT), a charitable trust which serves both education and industry. The MRTT is concerned with overcoming the shortage of RF engineers with skills relevant to mobile radio.


Songs as a kind of music that contains linguistic, pedagogical, cultural and entertaining features can use as media and materials in the teaching-learning process. This study aims to know the advantages of using a song based on the teacher perspective and the limitation in applying in the classroom. Moreover, this research uses qualitative as research design, and use the interview as an instrument of this research. By using the openended question in an interview to some experienced teachers who have already taught using songs, the result showed that the advantages of the song as media increase the students" motivation and interest in learning English. Besides, as materials, songs are easy to get and to present in the classroom. Meanwhile, the teacher should select properly the song considered to the aspect of content, vocabulary, grammar, of the song that suitable or not with the student"s language level.


The fireplace combustion of wood is a significant and largely unregulated source of emission pollution. Therefore article deals about experimental measurements of emission parameters from combustion of biomass in small heat sources. The objectives of the present work are to analyse basic pollutants arising from the combustion process and to define measurement technique applied to characterise particle emissions from biomass combustion. Gravimetric methods are among the most accurate and precise methods of quantitative analysis and therefore was selected for measurement of solid emissions. Conclusion of work focus on evaluation of the tests results, especially concentration of particulate matter (PM) from the combustion of briquettes made from different kinds of biomass. During the combustion of certain briquettes was recorded a high amount of particulate matter and analyser switched to "stand by" mode in several cases. The results indicate that higher concentration of PM was determined in the case of briquettes made from phytomass in comparison to briquettes made of woody biomass.


denoid cystic carcinomas (ACCs)constitute 0.1%–1% of all malignantbreast tumours. They have better prog-nosis than other breast masses: they usu-ally do not metastasize, and treatment isusually followed by prolonged survival.We present a case of multifocal, focallyinfiltrating ACC of the breast. A searchof the English literature failed to revealany other such case.Case reportAn 83-year-old woman was seen with amass in her left breast that had been pre-sent for 20 years. She complained ofrapid enlargement of this mass over theprevious 2 months. She had undergonetotal abdominal hysterectomy and bilat-eral salpingo-oophorectomy 45 yearsearlier. Her medical history revealed thatfor the last 20 years she had controlleddiabetes and coronary artery disease.Breast examination revealed 2 palpablemasses in the upper lateral quadrantmeasuring 8 ×7 cm and 4 3 cm. Noaxillary lymphadenopathy was detected.Ultrasonography identified 3 similarmacrolobulated solid lesions with irregu-lar contours (7 ×6 3 cm, 4 2 cm and2 × 1 cm in dimension, respectively).Adjacent to these masses were severalhypoechoic masses, the largest having adiameter of 10 mm. We could not deter-mine whether these were round satellitelesions or metastatic intramammarianlymph nodes. Mammography revealed 3macrolobulated masses with irregularcontours: a 7 × 6-cm mass located in theupper lateral quadrant of the left breast, a4 × 2-cm mass superior to this and adja-cent to the axillary tail, and adjacent to thelatter, another 3 × 2-cm mass that couldnot be clearly evaluated owing to super-position (Fig. 1). Pathological examina-tion of a tru-cut biopsy specimen identi-fied an invasive ductal carcinoma withfocal intraductal carcinoma. A modifiedleft radical mastectomy was performed.Pathological examination of the surgicalspecimen revealed 2 multifocal adenoidcystic carcinomas, 5.5 cm and 2.5 cm, respectively, in greatest diameter (Fig. 2)


ABSTRACT From newcomers and novices, to cautious censors and seasoned advocates, pre-service teachers and in-service teachers who use critical literacy approaches to advocate for justice walk an imagined precarious line between courageously engaging in difficult, critical conversations about risky texts, navigating obstacles, and getting burned by collaborative stakeholders' resistance. This article uses narrative inquiry methods to illustrate teachers' approaches to critical literacy to inform teacher education and encourage others to similarly persist. Authors reconstruct stories from four teachers, Nola, Natalie, Claire, and Adeline. Each teacher introduces their students to what they consider a risky text-- and experiences worries and/or obstacles they must navigate around as a result. The classroom stories they share suggest next steps for growing as a self-reflective, anti-bias, critical educator. As teacher educators, we authors offer responses to these four teachers' stories, not to critique their choices, but to leverage their common worries and obstacles enacting critical literacy to build our capacity to extend teachers' critical literacy teaching. We mine their stories by asking four provocative questions: (1) What is lost? (2) Who is left out? (3) How does power work here? And, (4) What would justice-oriented teaching sound like/look like as a response? Based on responses, we provide strategies to newcomers/novices, censors, and seasoned advocates. We close with a call for brave teaching that invites so-called risky texts into classrooms to connect intentionally with students and unequivocally promotes justice.


Preface The present volume of the Journal of Physics: Conference Series represents contributions from participants of the All-Russian Conference with international participation «Modern problems of continuum mechanics and explosion physics» dedicated to the 60th anniversary of Lavrentyev Institute of Hydrodynamics SB RAS held at the Technopark of Novosibirsk Akademgorodok, Russia, September, 4-8 2017, organised by the Lavrentyev Institute of Hydrodynamics. The conference is traditional and attracts attention of mathematicians and physicists. Scientific activities of the Conference include a discussion of a wide range of problems: mathematical problems of continuum mechanics, physics and mechanics of high-energy processes, fluid mechanics and mechanics of solids. The program of conference included 18 plenary presentations (30 minutes), 170 oral presentations (15 minutes) and 50 posters given by more than 220 participants from 23 cities of Russia (Moscow, Novosibirsk, Vladivostok, Tomsk, Yakutsk, Perm, Novokuznetsk, Biisk, Lys'va, Kemerovo, Snezhinsk, Volgograd, Tyumen, Barnaul, Yekaterinburg, Krasnoyarsk, Irkutsk), Portugal (Lisbon), Kazakhstan (Almaty), Thailand (Nakhon Ratchasima), Denmark (Lyngby), Spain (Oviedo) and France (Marseille). A significant part of talks (about 25 %) were presented by young researchers and postgraduate students. We would like to thank the Speakers for their significant contributions to the conference. We also would like to thank the members of the Organizing Committee. We cannot end without expressing our many thanks to our sponsors (Federal Agency for Scientific Organizations (FASO Russia), Russian Foundation for Basic Research and Technology Company Schlumberger, International Mathematical Center of Novosibirsk State University) for their financial support. Novosibirsk, September 2017 Alexander Chesnokov, Eduard Pruuel, Vladimir Shelukhin


A lensed fiber includes an optical fiber and a lens formed at a distal end of the optical fiber. The lens has a minimum diameter determined by 2.T.tan(Theta), where Theta = n.sin -1(NA), T is thickness of the lens, n is index of refraction of the lens, and NA is numerical aperture of the optical fiber.


We discuss the propagation of symmetric and antisymmetric Josephson plasma waves in a slab of layered superconductor clad between two identical dielectrics. We predict two branches of surface waves in the terahertz frequency range, one above and another below the Josephson plasma frequency. Apart from this, there exists a discrete set of waveguide modes with electromagnetic fields oscillating across the slab thickness and decaying exponentially away from the slab. We consider the excitation of the predicted waves by means of the attenuated-total-reflection method. It is shown that for a specific set of the parameters of the structure, the excitation of the waveguide modes is accompanied by the total suppression of specular reflection.


There are many subjects and large students in Traditional Chinese Medical University in China,and the students backgrounds of basic science are very different,which lead to many difficulties to elevate the quality of pharmacological teaching.There are a lot of ways for improving the quality of pharmacological teaching,among of them,getting hold of the rules in pharmacology teaching is fundamental to elevate the quality of pharmacological teaching.The author enumerates several basic rules in pharmacology teaching which summarized or found in his pharmacology teaching practice,so as to give some evocation for the colleagues in pharmacology teaching and elevate the quality of pharmacological teaching in some degree in traditional Chinese medical university in China.


Ion implantation of gemstones for gemological modification is a new development of ion beam technology applications in materials science. At Chiang Mai University, ion implantation of gemstones has been emphatically carried out with using ion species such as nitrogen and oxygen at the ion energy in a range of 20 to 120 keV to the ion beam fluences in a range of 1017 to 1019 ions/cm2. After ion implantation treatments, the gemological properties and thus qualities of gemstones were found improved in various degrees, such as changes in colors and tones, enhancements in transmittance, glittering and brilliance, homogenization of color distribution, and removal of inclusions and flaws. The ion-beam-treated gemstones were judged by gemologist professionals to confirm promotions of the gem grades. Ion implantation has advantages over conventional HTs, such as fast treatment, low temperature, and localized modification. Our work has been cited and commented by GIA (Gemology Institute of America) in their recent review. Although there have been impressive achievements, there is a commonly recognized puzzle in ion implantation induced color changes of gemstone, that is the ion range puzzle. The ion range is short; however, the gemological modification induced seems of bulk. Mechanisms involved in the color modifications are not yet well revealed and understood and they only remain in speculation. Ion beam parameters seem influential to the effects. Further research issues are proposed accordingly.


U.N. negotiators are meeting in New York City this week to begin formal negotiations aimed at creating an international agreement focused on protecting the high seas. A north-south split has developed on the issue of bioprospecting for valuable genes, most of which are from bacteria and other sea life found on the sea floor. Developing countries want to create a pact that declares the open ocean the "common heritage of mankind," and that creates means for countries that do bioprospecting, generally richer, developed countries, to compensate those that do not. But developed nations including the United States, Russia, and Japan oppose that language, fearing burdensome and unworkable regulations.


Background: 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is an ubiquitous second messenger and a crucial regulator of cardiac function and disease. In cardiomyocytes, it is produced predominantly af...


Project feasibility study is widely used in the real estate investment decision,But now project feasibility study is restricted in the financial appraisal,the technical appraisal is ignored,namely developed plan evaluation. The article firstly emphasized the importance of development plan technical evaluation,analyzed the factor which should be considered in the technical evaluation, and the influence of these factors to the improvement of land developed rate and the investment,then study out the corresponding index. According to the analysis,this paper put forward the grey relational analysis method to solve the evaluation problem,and the confirmation of the proportion for the indices. At last the paper gives an example as the illustration.


English teacher Jack Williams is in agony as he prepares to take on the London marathon this weekend. But the thought of the work of the Joint Educational Trust is spurring him on


Purpose – To reduce the computational costs for electromagnetic simulations of permanent magnet synchronous machines maintaining a high accuracy.Design/methodology/approach – An analytical model is introduced regarding multiple designs of permanent magnet synchronous machines. This electromagnetic model is coupled to a numerical simulation. Thereby, the advantages of both computational methods are combined by parameterizing the analytical model to the numerical solution. This results in a high‐efficient analytical model with the accuracy of the numerical simulation. The results of the analytical model are compared to measurements of a permanent magnet synchronous machine. Various machine modifications are simulated to evaluate possible limitations of the analytical model.Findings – It can be stated, that a once parameterized analytical model achieves a high accuracy. Furthermore, geometric variations can be applied without the need of a new parameterization through a numerical simulation. Only changing th...


The output voltage of power electronic converters is a very important quantity for dynamic control of power electronic systems. In electrical drives without electromechanical position or speed sensor, the terminal reference voltage is used to obtain the rotor position. Dead-time effects and semiconductor voltage drop lead to distortion in the actual output voltage and degrade the control performance when the back electromotive force magnitude is low. Thus, for stable low-speed operation, output voltage sensing becomes necessary. Due to the switching nature of power electronic systems, this is not a trivial task, especially when instantaneous measurement of the terminal voltage is required. In this paper, an instantaneous switching-period average voltage sensing technique is proposed that utilizes a combined approach of oversampling and filtering. Based on the theoretical analysis of the sampling- and filter-induced measurement distortion, a general solution for an optimal filter design is derived. The additional sensing circuit is integrated into the low-side gate driver of the converter outputs. This paper includes details about the hardware implementation and extensive verification measurements.


In many science classes, students encounter 'final form' science (Duschl 1990, 1994) in which scientific knowledge is presented as a rhetoric of conclusions (Schwab 1962). Incorporation of the history of science in modern science classrooms combats this false image of linear science progression. History of science can facilitate student understanding of the nature of science, pique student interest, and expose the cultural and societal constraints in which a science developed, revealing science's 'human side' (Matthews 1994). Carefully selected and researched episodes from the history of science illustrate that scientists sometimes chose incorrect hypotheses, misinterpreted data, and argued about data analysis. Our research documented that historical vignettes can hook students' attention, and past controversies can be used to develop students' analysis and argumentation skills before turning class attention to modern controversial issues. Historical graphics also have educational potential, as they revea...


Research a topic of your choosing from a list of offerings. Take effective notes, cite sources in a bibliography, write a clear thesis statement, create an effective outline, with a group write an iBook about your topic.


Background: Post-burn hypertrophic scar (HTS) is common and leads to physical, cosmetic, and psychological problems. Kinesio taping (KT) and contractubex phonophoresis (CP) were proven effective but no studies were found to compare between their effects on improving scar characteristics in post-burn HTS. Objective: The aim of the current work was to compare between effects of KT and CP on improving scar characteristics in HTS after burn injuries. Patients and methods: This study included 40 patients with HTS from burn injuries and aged 20 to 45 years who were selected from Om El Masryeen Hospital. They were randomly and equally allocated into group A (treated with KT) and Group B (received CP). Both groups received traditional physiotherapy. Treatment lasted for six weeks with three sessions weekly. They were assessed with Modified Vancouver burn Scar assessment Scale (MVSS) and A Schiotz tonometer device for scar characteristics. Results: There was a significant improvement in HTS characteristics after both interventions (P-value≤ 0.001). Significant difference was detected between groups in the improvement of HTS characteristics at post-treatment (P-value<0.01), in favor of group A. Conclusion: It could be concluded that KT is better than CP in improving HTS characteristics.


Sirs, NLRP3-associated autoinflammatory disease (NLRP3-AID), formerly called cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome (CAPS), is a monogenic systemic autoinflammatory disease (SAID) with autosomal dominant inheritance caused by NLRP3 mutation, leading to enhanced activation of the NLRP3-inflammasome and overproduction of interleukin (IL)-1β (1, 2). Its diagnostic criteria contain high inflammatory markers and characteristic clinical features such as recurrent fever, urticaria-like rash and non-infectious inflammation in central nervous system (3). The presence of pathogenic NLRP3 mutations is confirmatory, but is not necessary. According to the definition, SAIDs are caused by defect or dysregulation of the innate immune system, and are lack of autoantibodies or antigenspecific T lymphocytes (2). We presented the first case of NLRP3-AID with high-titer ANA and antiphospholipid antibodies. A 38-year-old Chinese woman presented with cold-triggered episodes of rash (Fig. 1A) and fever since the age of 2. She also had recurrent arthritis of both knees, oedema of bilateral legs (Fig. 1B), and lymphadenopathy in recent years. The pathology of lymph node showed reactive hyperplasia. Over the last 3 years, she suffered from hearing loss with the diagnosis of binaural sensorineural deafness. She had recurrent conjunctivitis (Fig. 1C) for several years and had complained of blurred vision in the last 6 months. Fundus examination demonstrated bilateral papilledema (Fig. 1D). The cerebrospinal fluid test showed evidences of chronic non-infectious meningitis (intracranial pressure: 300 mmH2O, leukocytes: 19 cells/mm3, normal levels of protein and glucose, and negative results for bacterial, fungal, acid-fast smear and antibodies to TORCH). MRI of brain showed several subcortical lacunar infarcts in the frontal and parietal lobes (Fig. 1E). The complete blood count, biochemistry panel and urine analysis were normal. ESR and CRP were elevated. She had a positive ANA (1:160, nucleolar pattern), a positive anti-β2GPI antibody of IgM (54-68 AU/ ml, cut-off < 20 AU/ml), and a positive lupus anticoagulant (LA) (1.24-1.29, cut-off ≤1.2) for several times at least 12 weeks apart. Other autoantibodies including antiENA, Coombs' test, ANCA, and ACL were negative. She also had hyperglobulinemia of IgG (28 g/L, normal range 7-17g/L), yet serum levels of C3 and C4 were normal. Pedigree analysis (Fig. 1F) showed that her twin 3-year-old daughters had cold-induced urticarial, without arthritis, hearing loss or blurred vision. The proband's parents and her three sisters had no symptoms. Genetic testing identified a pathogenic de novo heterozygous NLRP3 mutation (NM_001243133.1: exon3: c.1043C>T, p.T348M) in the proband. Her twin daughters had the same mutation. Based on the clinical manifestations, laboratory results and gene testing result, she was diagnosed as NLRP3-AID complicated with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Since IL-1 inhibitors were unavailable in China, and she refused other biological agents due to a financial difficulty, prednisone was given with 1mg/kg per day, accompanied with mycophenolate mofetil 0.75g twice a day and aspirin 100mg once a day. After three-month treatment, her symptoms and inflammatory markers relieved except for high intracranial pressure, papilledema and hearing loss. The patient could be diagnosed as APS because of lacunar infarcts and positive APLs more than twice at least 12 weeks apart. However, only NLRP3-AID could explain all of her manifestations rather than APS or SLE. Through thorough literature review, we have not found autoantibodies reported in patients with NLRP3-AID so far. Whereas, in familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), the most common monogenic SAID also due to activation of inflammasome, positive ANA with incidence of 6% (4), RF with incidence of 4-4.8% (4, 5), anti-CCP with incidence of 0-14.5% (4-6), and occasionally LA (7) had been reported. The results of autoantibody prevalence in FMF patients are conflicting (8). However, our case with


An attempt is made to include the effects of electron-electron interactions into the two-dimensional free-electron model of Platt for conjugated systems. The method IS explamed In the case of thE! naphthalene molecule as a simple example. The excitatiOn energies of the f.rst four smglets are calculated. The agreement between theory and experiment is moderate. The method may be applied to larger systems with reasonable amount of labor, to which the applications of the usual theories based on atomic orbitals may not be feasible. Using a model in which the electrons freely move in a properly shaped box of constant potential, Platt has established amazing results for conjugated systems'>. For example, ten electrons free to move in a rectangle give the total density distribution of r.-electrons closely reproducing the geometry of bond skeleton of the naphthalene molecule. This, Platt says, suggests that particular ring configurations are stabilized not merely by the hexagonal framework of the trigonal a--bond, but also by the self-consistent coincidence of the nuclear positions with the rings of high r.-electron density which are formed by the semi-free r.-electron motion limited by the gross molecular shape. This interesting situation seems to mean that the wave functions of r.-electrons supplied by the Platt model may be considered as useful approximations with realistic meanings to a certain degree. Then there arises a natural temptation to include the effects of electron-electron interactions in this model. This is the subject for which the result of some preliminary calculations will be reported in the present communication. The method of calculation is a straight forward extension of the one devised by Araki and Araki2J for a one-dimensional free electron model.


where y(i) and x(i) are p x 1 and q x 1 vectors respectively, with the rest of the vectors and matrices in (1) and (2) dimensioned conformally. We observe the y(i) (i = 1, ..., n) but not the x(i), nor the disturbances e(i) and u(i). Equations (1) and (2) can be interpreted either as observing the signal x(i) with noise, with (2) the equation of evolution for the signal; alternatively, we can view (1) as a regression equation, with Hi a matrix of exogenous variables and x(i) (i = 1, ..., n) a sequence of stochastic coefficients having the autoregressive structure (2); see, for example, Duncan & Horn (1972). Let w(i) = {e(i)', u(i)'}'. We assume that w(i) is serially uncorrelated in time, w(i) is uncorrelated with x(j) (j < i), and that the matrices (Hi, Fi, i = 1, ..., n) are known, as are the variance-covariance matrices of the w(i). For convenience of notation we assume that all variables are Gaussian and have zero mean. This enables us to work with conditional expectations, but it is clear that our results will also hold for best linear unbiased prediction in the more general case. Clearly the zero mean assumption is innocuous. For 1 s j n, let


The communicative grammatical model is one of the models for viewing language competencies involving communication problems in terms of pragmatic, semantic and syntactic components. This communicative grammatical model was chosen to describe the process of student thesis guidance as to what can be communicative walking seen from the components of pragmatics, semantics and syntax. Qualitative descriptive research method. Data collection uses video or audio recording techniques when the thesis guidance process takes place. Eka Rihan Model Gramatika Komunikatif Perada: Jurnal Studi Islam Kawasan Melayu, Vol. 2, No. 2, Desember 2019 http://ejournal.stainkepri.ac.id/index.php/perada 176 Besides that, it also uses observation guidelines and interview guide methods while data analysis uses data reduction, data presentation and conclusion / verification. The actual context has alternative units. Some of them are normal and fulfill the basic postulates of the Pragmatic Component communication process Data 19 and Data 31, there are actual context utterances using traits there and from there showing places where the same activities of the speaker and listener are performed. Some utterances in the thesis guidance process between students and supervisors have been found to have been communicative and some have not been communicative on pragmatic components, semantic components and syntactic components. Some command sentence utterances and request sentences on syntactic components have fulfilled various Indonesian sentences from the communicative point of view.


Author(s): Seckler, Kim | Abstract: In spring 2017, the New Mexico State Legislature faced difficult financial and political challenges.Persistent high unemployment, high poverty, and outward migration combined with weakoil revenues and reduced federal spending has resulted in a steady reduction in General Fundrevenues. Shrinking revenues caused state legislators to twice revisit current appropriation levelswith the goal of avoiding budget deficits and providing assurances to investor rating agencies.Political discord regarding the appropriate fiscal remedy has made the financial situation moredifficult as legislators and the governor debate the need to increase revenues or cut state agencybudgets. At the conclusion of regular and special sessions, the legislature enacted a $6.1 billionbudget for the fiscal year beginning on July 1, 2017. The enacted budget reflects a small increasein public school funding (half of one percent) and a decrease in spending for higher education(one percent). Legislators ultimately provided the governor with multiple potential revenue increases.The governor vetoed all such increases opting to approve the use of severance tax bondproceeds from suspended infrastructure projects to balance the operational budget. The proceedsprovided just enough to balance the budget leaving only $24 million in reserve.


s:Swift and violent development of deepening constantly with reform and opening-up of our country and economic construction, the places , such as large-scale hotel ,etc. increase day by day, The newly-built large-scale hotel mostly hold drawing room , hall , room , field in an organic whole, not only pay attention to whole beautiful practicability but also pay attention to the appearance grandness , inside to decorate luxurious , Thus make its inside structure complicated and changeable. These increasing of the decorate thing, not only has increased the fire load but also increased the fire dangerously. Once large-scale hotel taking place fire can cause greater property loss and casualties often, This paper analyzed the fire re Forming reason and countermeasure of the large-scale hotel fire ason, and has put forward the countermeasure of solving the large-scale hotel fire.


In the meteorological field, correlation analysis has been performed for cases containing several continuous variables only. On the other hand, AITKEN, A.C. and GONIN, H. T. (1935) previously studied the moment generating function in the fourfold sampling procedure. Moreover TATE, R. F. (1954), OLKIN, I. and TATE, R. F. (1960) recently gained the several interesting results concerning the correlation analysis approach in cases where both continuous and discrete variables are simultaneously taken into consideration. Therefore in this paper, the author firsly derived several supplementary results from the correlational expressions gained by OLKIN and TATE and drafted a diagram to serve statistical large sample test of sample correlation coefficient, and secondly contrived to draft statistical diagrams of large sample test to correlation coefficient through formal expressions of bi-variate binomial distribution in reference to the past studies mentioned above. Lastly, some possible application examples are shown once at least in the meteorological field, to explain the author's contributions to such statistical fields. 1. Introductory remark Several years ago, the author tried an application of ordinary discriminant analysis to the categorical rainfall prediction at the Hokuriku district in Japan, when one or two discrete predictors were considered to constitute a discriminant function. Then, as a preliminary verification to have an effective usefulness of discrete predictors, correlation analysis between a continuous predictand (i.e., rainfall amount) and a discrete predictor (i. e., existence or non-existence of a low-level Jet current) must be performed in detail as many times as possible, in order to constitute a powerful discriminant function. Moreover, correlational expressions in the case of fundamental bi-variate and multi-variate binomial distributions are also necessary to clarify the internal statistical structure of discrete predictor space. AITKEN, A.C. and GONIN, H.T. (1935) studied the early schematic special expressions of m.g.f. (moment generating function) of the essentially binomial distribution type and KRISHNAMOORTHY, A.S. (1951) obtained several analytical results concerning mainly the factorial moment in this case. On the other hand, OLKIN, I. and TATE, 1966Correlation Analysis Containing Discrete Variables11 R.F. (1954, 1960) discussed rather in detail the correlation coefficient between continuous variables followed by uni-variate and multi-variate normal distribution and a discrete variable having one value among a finite number of positive integers with each specified probability, and they derived a large sample test of sample correlation since an exact sample test of correlation coefficient is actually rather diffcult, except in several special cases. So the author tried to make some contribution on the same subject, in order to serve the statistical correlation analysis in the meteorological field. He added several application examples in this paper, to be of use to actual research workers in weather analysis and climatological analysis. 2. Correlation theory in the mixed bi-variate population (discrete and continuous variables) Let X be a discrete stochastic variable specified as follows ; and let Y be a continuous stochastic variable specified by the following conditional probability distribution : where p.d.f. denotes probability density function. Then the next formulas are easily obtained as conditional and total means and variances of Y: [Proof] Two equalities of E (X) and Var. (X) =pq are evident, and we have . Consequently, the population correlation coefficient between X and Y can be written by 12E. SuzukiVol. XVII No. 1 1966 Correlation Analysis Containing Discrete Variables 1 Fig. 1. The diagrams to serve large sample test of correlation coefficient in mixed population type (continuous and discrete variables). Contour lines show the standard deviation of r, i.e., /V(r; p, R, n). 14E. SuzukiVol. XVII No. 1 For example, if a variable Y is distributed in the following conditional Gamma distribution function : then p(X, Y) can be expressed by And this formula (1. 6) can be used to verify actually the relation between the daily rainfall amount and the low-level Jet later on. In general, we have the next relations as the values of p and q to maximize p(X, Y) in (1. 4) under the condition that conditional means and variances pi, tto, (1.12 and a02 are given : As was already pointed out by OLKIN, I. and TATE, R.F. (1954, 1960), we have the following theorem by using Cramer-Rao's formula, even when fx(y) is not always equal to the p.d.f. of normal distribution : [Theorem 1] In the case of a sufficiently large sample size n (n>>0), a sample estimate of the correlation coefficient r(x, y) is asymptotically followed by normal distribution as is well known in the usual statistical expression : (where the mark—shows " asymptotical following" and the expression N(p, V) shows normal distribution with mean value p and variance V (r; p, p, n)). The formula is evidently attainable. Moreover, OLKIN, I. (1954) suggested that this asymptotic property can be also satisfied for any multi-variate continuous variable Y, so this theorem is adequately useful in an actual large sample test of sample correlation. In the case when the k-variate continuous stochastic vector Y is to be considered, the squared correlation coefficient between X and Y can be formally expressed by OLKIN, I. and TATTES, R.F. as follows : 1966Correlation Analysis Containing Discrete Variables15 where pm and pm are conditional mean vectors under the conditions X=0 and X=1 respectively, and E is the common variance matrix of Y to the case when X=0 and X=1. And a sample estimate of correlation coefficient can be asymptotically tested by using the above theorem 1. Therefore, the author computed numerically the values of asymptotic variances V (r: p, p, n) and their square-roots in the case of (0.1)1.0, p=R= —1. 0 (0. 1) 1. 0 and n=10 (2) 30 (5) 50 (10) 100 (20) 200 (50) 500 (100) 1000 by using IBM 7040 installed in the Meteorological Agency of Japan, and drafted a diagram to be used inthelarge sample test of correlation, where 0.1 (0.1)1.0 shows the advance 0.1, 0.2, 0.3,-•-•••, 0.9, 1.0 for example in this case. Strictly speaking, the range of n between 10 and 30 cannot be considered as the large sample, and then sample correlation must be exactly tested by the superposed non-central t-distribution containning the non-centrality parameter p 1/n0(n—no)/nPq(1--,02) with the degree of freedom n-2, where no=such a number that X is equal to 0 in a sample of size n, as was already pointed out by OLKIN, I. and TATE, R.F.. In drafting a diagram to serve the large sample test of correlation, the author adopted the range of 0.1-0.5 for p and the range of 0.0-1.0 p respectively, since, needless to say, the equalities hold. Such an essential diagram is shown in Fig. 1. 3. Formulations of bi-variate and multi-variate binomial distributions AITKEN, A.C. and GONIN, H.T. (1935) derived a factorial moment generating function from a certain kind of hi-variate binomial distribution, and KRISHNAMOORTHY, A.S. (1951) studied the mathematical expression of a factorial moment in multi-variate binomial distribution. However, their studies are not yet adequate to obtain the explicit expression of correlation coefficient in such a discrete distribution form, so the author tried to perform a certain formulation in the next approach : (i) Bi-variate binomial distribution form Let X1 and X2 be fundamental discrete stochastic variables specified by then we can assume the next formulae as an essential bi-variate binomial distribution : 16E. SuzukiVol. XVII No. 1 where the factor G (x1, x2 ; p1, p2, p) can be written in this case by (2. 3)G (xi, x2 ; p1, p2, p) = CO ± C1X1+ C2X2+ C11X1X23 without loss of generality, since x, (i .1 , 2) is equal to 1 or 0. Accordingly, we have m.g.f. 0(0102) (m.oment generating function) of this bi-variate binomial distribution P(X,=--xi, X2-------:x2) shown by In order to determine the coefficients Co, C1, C2 and C11, the next conditions must be satisfied : Using the relations (2. 4) and (2. 5), can easily obtain the following relations : After all, the explicit forms of bi-variate binomial distribution and its m.g.f. can be written by where p is the correlation coefficient between X1 and X2 in population distribution, since the following equality is evidently obtained : Moreover, we can easily have the following relations for conditional mean and variance : 1966 Correlation Analysis Coataining Discrete Variables 17 (ii) Three-variate binomial distribution form We can derive the explicit form of three-variate binomial distribution from a procedure similar to the bi-variate case mentioned above as follows : Let X1, X2 and X3 be discrete variables specified by then we can assume the next formula as the three-variate binomial distribution : So the m. g. f. (6k, 02, 03) of this discrete distribution function can be formally written by In order to determine the coefficients Co, C,, Cif (i<j, 2, 3) , C111 etc., the next conditions must be satisfied, as in the former case : 18E. SuzukiVol. XVII No. 1 We can derive the following simultaneous linear equation of the coefficients from (2. 10) and (2. 11) mentioned above : Consequently, these coefficients are obtained by solving the simultaneous equation (2. 12) as follows : After all, the explicit form of three-variate binomial distribution can be written by Moreover, the conditional mean value, moment and partial correlation coeffecient are easily shown by 1966Correlation Analysis Containiug Discrete Variables19 where Var (X,./X7) is already shown in (2. 8). Conditional moment E(X;XklXi=xi) is the linear form of xi -p" but conditional mean value E(XfriXi=x" XJ.--,x;) is generally the non-linear form of Xi and X, unless the equlity pii=piii=0 is satisfied. (iii) S-variate binomial distributi


The substantial arguments of strong connection between shock wave speed and drift velocity of II type radio bursts in 25-180 MHz range are presented. The studied sample has included 112 proton events that were accompanied with coronal shock waves. To evaluate drift velocity and shock wave speed there was used original records of dynamic spectra from radio spectrograph in 25180 MHz range. The velocities of shock waves were evaluated with the power mode model of solar corona density falloff.


As a preliminary phase in the conservation and sustainable management of a karst system in Fuentetoba, Soria, Spain, an interdisciplinary study was carried out to determine its hydrogeological evolution. The hydrogeological history of this aquifer system began during the late Miocene, where discharges were driven by paleo-emergences in the moor, and associated conduits were developed under phreatic (or vadose) conditions—for example, the upper syngenetic galleries in the main known karst cave (Majada del Cura cave). Later on, the nearby karstic massifs, a general flattening of the relief, occurred during the Quaternary Period, during which the karstic base level had been in decline. The aquifer flow was then derived and modified towards the Fuentetoba spring from the earliest stages through the galleries of the aforementioned cave. The observations made in this cave indicate the existence of a unique type of hydrogeological organization. The hypogean network is the result of the excavation of the same water flow that has been entrenching and abandoning the vadose regimen toward the free regimen. The dating of the tuffaceous buildings, associated with the emergences, indicates that since almost the Middle Pleistocene, flow lines have converged in the Fuentetoba spring, inducing a high grade of karstification in the saturated zone of the syncline basin. Moreover, a major drainage conduit was developed by dissolution. During the late Upper Pleistocene, an essential component of the groundwater flow had been derived towards the source of the Mazos River spring. Tufa and paleogour datings in caves indicate that the aquifer has undergone different climatic stages during the latest Quaternary and, therefore, different feeding and recharge processes. These tufas and paleogours are interrelated as well, as they are associated with the warm stages during the most recent Quaternary, according to the regional context, when there was less natural recharge. The simulation of the springs' flow enabled an approximate quantification of the variation in the aquifer's hydraulic balance during the different climatic stages. For example, during the last glaciation, the natural recharge was impacted by snowmelt and increased by 160%.


Background:

               In the emergency department, portable point-of-care testing (POCT) coagulation devices may facilitate stroke patient care by providing rapid International Normalized Ratio (INR) measurement. The objective of this study was to evaluate the reliability, validity, and impact on clinical decision-making of a POCT device for INR testing in the setting of acute ischemic stroke (AIS).

                     Methods:

               A total of 150 patients (50 healthy volunteers, 51 anticoagulated patients, 49 AIS patients) were assessed in a tertiary care facility. The INR's were measured using the Roche Coaguchek S and the standard laboratory technique.

                     Results:

               The interclass correlation coefficient and 95% confidence interval between overall POCT device and standard laboratory value INRs was high (0.932 (0.69 - 0.78). In the AIS group alone, the correlation coefficient and 95% CI was also high 0.937 (0.59 - 0.74) and diagnostic accuracy of the POCT device was 94%.

                     Conclusions:

               When used by a trained health professional in the emergency department to assess INR in acute ischemic stroke patients, the CoaguChek S is reliable and provides rapid results. However, as concordance with laboratory INR values decreases with higher INR values, it is recommended that with CoaguChek S INRs in the > 1.5 range, a standard laboratory measurement be used to confirm the results.


Theatre is a form of communication, which does not use technology as the primary channel. The primary role of such a medium is to inform, entertain, persuade, and provide a means for connecting people. Theatre in India, as we see it, has a rich history, heritage and culture. Many people in India believe that "Theatre is Cinema", and that the living theatre of the stage in the village square or in the temple is dead (Farley P. Richmond et al, 1993:3). However, we find Indian theatre very much alive. As time passed, the form of communication turned to a mediated communication which means the communication interaction using technology as the primary channel, around the world for which India is not an exception. However, the theatre form of


Background: Since the advent of four-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), many modifications have been made that aimed to improve cosmesis and patient prognosis. Here we compared a variety of surgical outcomes such as quality of life three months after surgery between three-port LC and conventional four-port LC. Methods: This study presents an analysis of 245 patients with cholelithiasis who were between 31 and 78 years of age and who underwent elective LC between May 2013 and December 2014. Patients were randomized to undergo either the three-port LC or four-port LC surgery. Operation and hospitalization details were collected. Cosmetic outcome and quality of life of patients were assessed by the validated Patient Scar Questionnaire and MOS-24 questionnaire, respectively, 3 months after surgery. Results: 245 patients were included, and a complete followup was possible for 216 patients (88%). The average length of hospital stay, as well as time needed for return to normal activity and work, was significantly shorter in the three-port group than in the four-port group. No significant differences were observed for operating time and bleeding volume. The average hospitalization cost was lower, and, more importantly, patients had a significantly better cosmetic outcome and quality of life scores at 3 months in the three-port group. Conclusion: Three-port LC was as effective as the conventional four-port LC, and it shortened hospital stay, reduced hospitalization cost, and accelerated patient recovery. Moreover, the cosmetic outcome and quality of life were better.


The focus of this is to make available clean energy, where there is a needfor electricity production or energy infrastructure. An anaerobic digestercontains an oxygen free environment that allows microorganisms tobreak down the organic material to harvest biogas (methane). Oncethe biogas is formed it can be used for different applications to aid thedeveloping world. There are already millions of biogas plants in operationthroughout the world. In Germany and other industrialized countries,power generation is the main purpose of biogas plants; conversionof biogas to electricity has become a standard technology. Biomasscan become a reliable and renewable local energy source to replaceconventional fossil fuels in local industries and to reduce reliance onoverloaded electricity grids. The concept presented is to use manurefrom farms to produce methane gas using anaerobic digestion


The simulated test was conducted by means of three kinds of soil column of 60 cm, 100 cm and 150 cm length. The results were as follows: The organic manure could reduce leaching of NO - 3-N from KNO 3 addition and increase the level of soil hydrolable nitrogen. The organic manure itself could produce leaching of NO - 3-N in soil column.


It is established that durational and structural aspects of actions can in general not be modeled in interleaving semantics, even when time-consuming actions are represented by pairs of instantaneous actions denoting their start and nish. By means of a series of counterexamples it is shown that, for any n, it makes a diierence whether actions are split in n or in n + 1 parts. In event based models of concurrency which interleave concurrent actions, and thus reduce parallelism to nondeterminism, some rather strong assumptions have to be made about the nature of events. The following formulation of these assumptions is taken from Hoare 8, page 24]: The actual occurrence of each event in the life of an object should be regarded as an instantaneous or an atomic action without duration. Extended or time-consuming actions should be represented by a pair of events, the rst denoting its start and the second denoting its nish. In interleaving semantics the behavior of a system that performs two actions a and b in parallel is considered the same as the behavior of a system that either does an a followed by a b, or a b followed by an a. Algebraically this leads to equations like akb = a b + b a: 1


The paper designs an entire operation process for military supply chain and establishes a warehousing system model based on the Petri Net in order to understand the support process of military supply chain.


Abstract How are we to view the nature of desire and its relation to value, humanity, and God? Sartre, Nietzsche, and Levinas have interesting things to say in this context, and they can be understood to be responding in their different ways to two seemingly opposed ways of conceiving of desire, namely, as lack or deficiency (option 1) or as plenitude or creativity (option 2). I clarify, link, and distinguish the relevant conceptions of desire, and give a sense of what it could mean to comprehend desire in either or both of these ways. I question Sartre's insistence that man is a 'useless passion', trace it back to his commitment to a 'lack' model of desire, and argue that this model, as he understands it, stands in the way of the more creative conception which is lurking in the background of his account. There will be a question of whether the atheist is entitled to this creative conception, and I shall challenge his assumption that it becomes available only when theism is overthrown. I shall suggest also that there is something important to be salvaged from the lack model.


The present invention relates to a gear cutting machine by means of the machining, in particular hob cutting tooth grinding method for manufacturing a roller or a plurality of identical gears, wherein, by means of a rotary tool machining a workpiece, the rotary tool through the gear cutting axis control NC machine tool is being engaged with the workpiece. According to the present invention, the deviation between the respective different control compensation workpiece and the at least one workpiece by the NC gear cutting machine axis.


ABSTRACT Despite the excellent properties, amorphous alloys find limited applications and to find plastic forming ability has been a longstanding problem. In this work, an effective ultrasonic assisted micro-shear punching (UMSP) method is proposed for amorphous alloys. By applying ultrasonic vibration and molten plastics viscous medium, a series of shapes and products with micro-length scale to macro-length scale can be successfully fabricated in 50 ms. Different from traditional crystalline alloys, the amorphous alloys become soft at certain regions during the ultrasonic hammering owing to the unique disordered structures, thereby resulting in the low-stress forming approach. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT IMPACT STATEMENT In this work, a new acting mechanism was found between amorphous alloy and the high-frequency vibration, providing an efficient approach for the fabrication of amorphous alloy products.


Aims
Besides the inhibition of the sodium inward current, vernakalant also inhibits the ultra rapid rectifier (IKur) and transient outward current (Ito). Inhibition of these currents increases contractility in canine atrial myocytes and goat atria. We investigated the effect of vernakalant on early repolarization and contractility in normal and electrically remodelled atria.

Methods and results
Goats were implanted a pressure catheter, piezoelectric crystals, and electrodes to obtain atrial contractility and effective refractory period (ERP). The active component in pressure distance loops was used to compute the atrial work index (AWI). Experiments were performed in normal and electrically remodelled atria at clinically relevant plasma levels of vernakalant. As a positive control, the Ito/IKur blocker AVE0118 was investigated. Monophasic action potentials were recorded in anaesthetized goats and in explanted hearts to determine changes in action potential morphology. Vernakalant did not affect atrial work loops during sinus rhythm. Likewise vernakalant did not increase atrial fractional shortening or AWI during pacing with fixed heart rate and AV-delay. In contrast, AVE0118 did increase AWI, with a positive force frequency relation. Both in normal and remodelled atria, vernakalant strongly increased ERP but did not prolong early repolarization.

Conclusion
In goat atria, vernakalant does not have an atrial positive inotropic effect and does not affect early repolarization. At high rates vernakalant may even have a negative inotropic effect.


From late July to the beginning of October 1997, countries of Southeast Asia experienced severe smoke haze pollution from uncontrolled forest fires mainly in the Indonesian states of Kalimantan and Sumatra. In Singapore, the impact of the 1997 haze was felt in the period from the end of August to the first week of November 1997 as a result of prevailing winds.


Abstract This article investigates the viscous dissipation effect on steady generalised Couette flow of heat-generating/absorbing fluid in a vertical channel. Equations of energy and momentum are obtained and solved using the homotopy perturbation method. The influences of the dimensionless flow parameter have been plotted graphically and discussed for varying values of the controlling parameters. During the course of computation, it is found that fluid temperature and velocity increase with an increase in viscous dissipation and also seen that growing mixed convection parameter Gre leads to a corresponding rise in temperature and velocity. It is further discovered that heat absorption leads to increase in the heat transfer on the heated wall. Finally, it is concluded that heat generation contributes to increase the mixed convection, hence, it requires decrease in mixed convection parameter to bring about a reverse flow near the stationary plate.


Variational approach is adopted to study the evolution of an ultrashort laser pulse copropagating with an electron plasma wave. By use of the potential well description, the conditions for pulse compression, decompression or stationary state are found, which are results of the competitions between the dispersive diffusion and phase modulation of the pulse by the plasma wave. Results are compared with the numerical calculations of the evolution equation to prove the applicability of the above approximate method.


It is now well established that 30S ribosomal subunits alone can bind specific sRNA or aminoacyl sRNA in the presence of the corresponding messenger RNA. 1-4 Although 50S subunits alone cannot bind specific sRNA they stimulate the binding of specific sRNA about twofold when associated with 30S ribosomal subunits.5' 6 In this communication we present evidence supporting the notion that two sRNA molecules are bound to a 70S ribosome. These two sites are named site 1 (COOH side of the growing polypeptide chain) and site 2 (NH2 side of the growing polypeptide chain). Site 1 has about three times more affinity for sRNA than has site 2. Materials and Methods.-E. coli extract and other materials: Preparation of ribosomes, sRNA from E. coli B, and aminoacyl sRNA have been described in the preceding communications." 2, 5, 7 In some cases strain Q13 of E. coli was used. The ribosomes were washed 3 times and were free of the aminoacyl sRNA transfer factor. For preparation of E. coli soluble protein fraction, the Is-30 of Nirenberg and Matthaei8 was centrifuged for 90 min at 150,000 g and the supernatant fluid was dialyzed overnight against a buffer containing 0.01 M Tris-HCl (pH 7.8), 0.01 M magnesium acetate, 0.006 M P-mercaptoethanol, and 0.06 M KC1 (Buffer 1). This fraction was called S-150. Specific radioactivities of materials used in this paper were as follows: C'4-phenylalanine, 395 uc/,mole; H3-phenylalanine, 2800 ,uc/umole. Counting efficiency was 1.0 ' 1.5 X 106 cpm/uc and 1.0 1.8 X 105cpm/Ac for C14 and HI, respectively. When C14 and H3were counted simultaneously, the counting efficiency for C14 was 1.8 6.2 X 105 cpm/,uc. Reaction mixture for the binding of C14-phenylalanyl sRNA: A typical reaction mixture for phenylalanyl sRNA binding contained the following in umoles per 2.05 ml: 73.8 Tris-HCl (pH 7.1), 30.0 magnesium acetate, and 39.4 KC1. In addition, it contained 400 ,ug of poly U (ammonium salt) and C'4-phenylalanyl sRNA and 70S ribosomes. Incubation was carried out for 20 min at 22°C. In some cases bound CL4-phenylalanyl-sRNA was measured by the method of Nirenberg and Leder.9 Isolation of the ribosome C'4-phenylalanyl-sRNA-poly U complex and formation of polyphenylalanine: After the binding of C'4-phenylalanyl sRNA to 70S ribosomes was completed, the reaction mixture was centrifuged for 1.5 hr at 150,000 g. The pellet was suspended in 0.2 ml of Buffer 1. For polyphenylalanine synthesis the reaction mixture contained the following in uAmoles in a total volume of 1.20 ml: 56.2 Tris-HCl (pH 7.8), 23.0 magnesium acetate, 53.8 KC1, 4.8 (B-mercaptoethanol, 1.3 phosphoenolpyruvate (Na-salt), and 0.07 GTP. In addition, it contained 3 mg of S-150 protein, 34 ug of pyruvate kinase, 20 mg of a mixture of sRNA in which phenylalanine specific sRNA is aminoacylated with C"2-phenylalanine, and 0.2 ml of the resuspended pellet described above. The mixture was incubated at 37'C for 15 min. NH2-terminal analysis of polyphenylalanine: At the end of the incubation period, an E. coli soluble protein fraction (Fraction A of ref. (7) was added to the reaction mixture to make the total protein content 5 mg. Immediately after the addition of the soluble protein, 0.2 ml of 0.1 M phenylalanine solution was added followed by 10% trichloracetic acid to a final concentration of 5%. The precipitate containing polyphenylalanyl sRNA was treated with hot trichloracetic acid, a mixture of ether-alcohol and with ether as described previously.'0 The precipitate was mixed with 1 ml of 5% NaHCO3 and 2.0 ml of 5% dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) in alcohol. The mixture was shaken at room temperature overnight and 50%0 trichloroacetic acid was added to a final concentration of 5%. The precipitate was collected and washed with ether to remove excess DNFB. The yellow precipitate was mixed with 1.5 ml of 6 N HCl and hydrolysis was carried out at 1151180 for 20 hr under a N2 atmosphere. After hydrolysis, the mixture was diluted with 3 ml of water and dinitrophenyl (DNP) phenylalanine was extracted with three 5 ml of ether. The ether


A supersonic cooling system operates by pumping liquid. Since the supersonic cooling system pumps liquid, the compression system does not require the use of a condenser. The compression system uses compression waves. The evaporator of the compression system operates in a critical flow regime, the pressure in the evaporator tube remains approximately constant and "jumps" or "shocks up" to ambient pressure. [Selection] Figure 3


Stand tree rot is a new disease of China fir.The disease,showing symptoms of heart-wood rot,side-wood rot and mix of heart-wood rot and side-wood rot,mostly damages root and base of stem.Its pathogens are preliminarily identified as Europhium sp.and Geotrichum sp.respectively.The pathogenic fungi infected China fir through the wounds of root and stem.The method of disease control was to reduce tree wounds to prevent the disease.