This article proposes a machine learning–based travel mode detection method using urban residents' travel routes as the data source, collected via smartphone global positioning system modules. A data-driven machine learning strategy was chosen in the model construction. This study performed data cleaning and mining on over 4400 pieces of urban resident travel records containing several millions of global positioning system tracking points. Series of characteristic values of speed, travel distance, and direction are calculated, which reflect the travel mode of smartphone holders. In travel mode identification, first, the transition regions of travel segments of different travel modes are effectively distinguished; then, continuous tracking points for single-mode travel are connected into single-mode travel segments. The travel mode of the surveyed subjects is identified based on the calculated features of average speed, average acceleration, and average change of direction within each single-mode segment. The random forest method is chosen as the basis model to classify travel mode. Three-quarters of the travel records were used to construct the random forest classifier, and the detection accuracy of the established model for the remaining ¼ of the travel record reached 94.4%. The proposed method uses massive smartphone global positioning system tracking points as the basis; the detection results are consistent with manually collected prompted recall survey records.


A self-started harmonic mode-locking of a hybrid weak-resonant-cavity Fabry–Perot laser diode and fiber ring link is demonstrated to serve as a pulsed optical for future 10 Gb s−1 RZ data transmission. Beginning with the optical injection-locking rate equation describing the optoelectronic oscillator structure, the pulsewidth formula in the active mode-locking theory is modified and illuminates the shortening of the pulsewidth as a function of the optical feedback ratio and the microwave power gain. The pulsewidth is narrower with the higher optical injection power and the higher microwave power gain because of the gain saturation of the laser diode and the increase of the modulation depth. The lowest jitter and pulsewidth of the pulse train are 0.9 ps and 20 ps, respectively. With the higher microwave power gain, the SNR and ER are improved up to 10.2 dB and 13.8 dB, respectively, due to the enhancement of the peak power and the elimination of the residual carrier. Under the optimized operation condition, the pulsed optical carrier can be externally encoded at 10 Gbit/s for RZ-OOK data transmission.


We are going to meet the era when advanced spacecraft such as space stations are developed and operated. The current system of the satellite operations control will need to undergo many changes. We consider that the future system will require the following functions: the function for interchanging data between international agencies, processing the various kinds of space data, and distributing data as many unspecified users require. However, we have to solve the following problems in order to satisfy these requirements: the problem of standardization of space data communication protocol, establishment of multimedia data management method, and standardization of the user interface. This paper describes three techniques to solve the above mentioned problems. That is, standardization of the data communication protocol between space and ground by AOS (Advanced Orbiting System) protocol of CCSDS (Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems) Recommendation, management of multimedia data by catalog reference, standardization of user interface by SFDU(Standard Formatted Data Unit) of CCSDS Recommendation.


The study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a combination of dexmedetomidine (10 μg/kg body weight) and ketamine (10mg/kg body weight) as induction agent and isoflurane as an maintenance agent in 12 Bonnet Macaques (Macaca radiata radiata) which were referred for vasectomy. The induction combination induced ataxia in 285 ± 34.42 seconds and induction of anaesthesia in 11.83 ± 1.92 minutes. Anaesthesia was maintained for a duration of 107 ± 4.289 minutes for the surgical procedure and the monkeys recovered in 27.83 ± 3.50 minutes without any complication. The cardiopulmonary, haematologica, biochemical and plasma cortisol levels fluctuated within the normal limits. The study revealed that the combination of dexmedetomidine (10 μg/kg body weight) and ketamine (10mg/kg body weight) intramuscularly could be used as chemical restraining and induction agents and isoflurane as a safe inhalant anaesthetic for maintenance.


Ten patients with hairy cell leukemia (HCL) requiring therapy were treated with recombinant beta‐serineinterferon (rIFN‐βser) (90 × 106 units [U] subcutaneously three times a week). Eight patients were evaluable for response and nine for toxicity. Five patients (63%) showed normalization of peripheral blood counts, and an additional two patients (25%) showed improvement in at least one hematologic variable. Persistent hairy cells were detected in the bone marrow of all patients at the completion of therapy. All patients experienced influenza‐like symptoms which were not dose limiting and which resolved with continued therapy. Erythema and induration at interferon injection sites developed in five patients (56%); one required dose reduction and another was removed from the study for this reason. Data from matched historical controls treated with recombinant alpha‐interferon are presented for comparison. We conclude that rIFN‐βser has activity in HCL.


Usher syndrome is a common cause of deaf-blindness characterised by progressive visual loss with congenital (types 1 and 2) or adult-onset (type 3) sensorineural hearing loss. Cochlear implantation is one of few effective options to enable patient access to useful sound. Auditory rehabilitation after cochlear implantation may be limited by deterioration of retinal function. Our objective was to evaluate the auditory outcomes of cochlear implantation in patients with Usher syndrome.

 Systematic review of Medline via PubMed, Ovid EMBASE, Web of Science, CENTRAL and clinicaltrials.gov was performed up to 30/03/2020, conducted in accordance with the PRISMA statement. Patient demographics, comorbidity, details of cochlear implantation, auditory and quality of life (QOL) outcomes were extracted and summarised. CRD 42020185102.

 32 studies reported over 215 cochlear implants in 186 patients with Usher syndrome, comprising subtypes 1 (56 patients), 2 (9 patients), 3 (23 patients), and not specified (98 patients). Where reported, cochlear implantation improved sound detection, speech perception, speech intelligibility, and patient-reported quality of life in the majority of patients with Usher syndrome.

 Outcomes of cochlear implantation were comparable to those of patients without multiple sensory handicap. As clinical practice has evolved to emphasise early, bilateral implantation and access to oral education it is likely that these reported outcomes may underestimate contemporary implant outcomes among young children with Usher syndrome. To avoid multisensory deficits incurred by poor cochlear implant outcomes secondary to late implantation with Usher syndrome-related progressive visual loss, early implantation is crucial in the prelingually deaf Usher group.


We thank Prof. Giuliani for the time spent on our paper, and for the detailed information provided about his field of research. We also appreciate his zeal in defending his opinions, but this of course cannot imply that we agree with all his comments; since however "comments to a comment" must be short, we shall focus mainly on avoiding possible misunderstandings


According to structural characteristic and function characteristic of bow door and combining the production reality of the shipyard,this article put forward the construction scheme of bow door and introduced the welding measures aimed at difficulties during the construction of bow door.


: This paper presents a Sigmoid-like event-triggered scheme (Sigmoid-like ETS) for security cruise control systems (CCSs) under stochastic false data injection (FDI) attacks. In order to improve the sensitivity of the ETS, a Sigmoid-like function is first proposed to adjust the event-triggered threshold, dynamically. In what follows, by considering a class of stochastic FDI attacks which obey Bernoulli distribution, the Sigmoid-like event-triggered security control strategy is proposed to ensure both the security and resource saving of the CCSs. Thus, a sufficient stability and stabilization criterion is well derived to present the co-design of an H ∞ control and event-triggered parameter. Finally, some simulation experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed Sigmoid-like event-triggered security cruise control for networked vehicles.


At the end of her book Feminist Film Theory and 'Cleo from 5 to 7', Hilary Neroni concludes her analysis of the titular film by arguing that Agnes Varda's Cleo from 5 to 7 does not provide a femini...


Ninety-three recombinant inbred lines (F 8 ) of sunflower developed by the single-seed descent method from the cross 'PAC-2 × RHA-266' were used to screen their regenerability by organogenesis. The experiment was designed in randomized complete blocks with three replications. Each replication consisted of 10 Petri dishes with four explants. Cotyledons were excised from 2-day-old seedlings. Each cotyledon was divided into two pieces (four explants), which were incubated in solid regeneration medium consisting of full-strength Murashige and Skoog medium modified by adding hormones. A high genotypic variability for organogenesis parameters between genotypes was observed in this study. The difference between all recombinant F 8 lines and their parents was not significant, showing that the 93 inbred lines used in this experiment are representative of the total possible recombinant lines from the cross 'PAC-2 × RHA-266'. These F 8 lines were not consciously selected for any trait; therefore, they represent a random set of lines segregating for the organogenesis parameters, as well as for other traits which could be important for breeding.


Absorption chiller units can be used more intensively by the application of short-term storages (in that case cold water storage). Therefore the effects of the storage integration are of interest. The district cooling system in Chemnitz has been investigated for an example. The system behaviour was simulated be means of computer modeling, important quantities were calculated as well as analyzed and deductions were made.


A formalism for calculating dynamic multiple quantum NMR line shapes obtained by the time proportional phase increment (TPPI) method from spin‐1/2 systems is developed. The formalism is essentially an extension of the related formalism in Liouville space used in the theory of conventional dynamic NMR of strongly interacting spin systems. It is subsequently used to calculate the expected multiple quantum proton NMR line shapes of a number of (hypothetical and real) systems consisting of compounds dissolved in liquid crystalline solvents and undergoing intramolecular rearrangement. These include cyclobutadiene, cyclohexatriene, and cyclooctatetraene undergoing bond shifts and s‐trioxane undergoing ring inversion. Since the computations involve diagonalization of high‐dimensional matrices extensive use is made of symmetry factorization. It is shown that the resulting line shapes depend on the mechanism and rate of the dynamic processes, and may therefore be used to derive kinetic parameters from multiple qua...


In this paper, we investigate the multivariate linear regression of fuzzy data when model parameters are constrained by a set of linear inequalities. It is motivated by the facts that the measurement results of device in real-life situations are always not precise numbers and that (model) structure involving linear inequalities is usually faced to in practice. With assuming fuzzy data are seen as a possibility distribution associated to a precise realization of a random variable, we first propose a restricted fuzzy expectation/conditional maximization (RFECM) algorithm for calculating restricted maximum likelihood estimates of parameters of interest from fuzz data. We then demonstrate the convergence of RFECM algorithm. Using RFECM finally establishes the so-called likelihood-based multivariate fuzzy linear regression model with crisp inputs and fuzzy outputs, constrained by linear inequalities. Some simulations are conducted to validate the performance of our proposed model.


This book brings together some 15 papers drawn from the 330 papers presented at the Third Annual Conference of the Society for the Advancement of Socio-Economics in Stockholm, Sweden in June 1991. Part 1 outlines a basic theory of institutional change; Parts 2 and 3 examine case studies in international experience with institutional change. The authors of the original papers include Douglas North, Amitai Etzioni, Oliver Williamson, as well as eminent scholars from Eastern and Western Europe, representing views and analyses from ten different countries.


In their Report "Balancing selection at the prion protein gene consistent with prehistoric kurulike epidemics," S. Mead et al. provide an interesting and persuasive argument on how kuru transmitted by endocannibalism resulted in balancing selection at codon 129 of human prion protein gene in the


It is acknowledged in the literature that Newcastle English is characterised by the use of rising tones as the default tone, Tyneside English being part as such of those varieties displaying a typical Urban Northern British Intonation (UNBI). A previous study on Newcastle English performed on the NECTE corpus allowed to make out two main types of rises: simple rises or rise-plateaus on the one hand, and up-stepped level tones on the other hand. In this study we hypothesise that the difference between these two types of rises is a phonological rather than a phonetic distinction, meaning that each type of rise has a specific function. We tested this hypothesis by carrying out a pilot study based on a perception experiment. The test fails to show a clear phonological difference between the two types of rises but confirms that Newcastle English belongs to the UNBI group. The results of the test lead us towards another hypothesis, namely that one of our rising contours would actually be a contour known as HRT (High Rising Terminal or Uptalk). HRT has indeed begun to spread through UNBI varieties, and this would be the case in Newcastle, where there would be a coexistence between the two intonations. If this were to be the case, then it could be said that there is a phonological distinction between the two types of rises since it has been demonstrated that HRTs have interactional functions.


Objective The purpose of the current study was to develop a real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR method for detection of human kallikrein gene 5(KLK5) mRNA expression,quantify the expression of KLK5 mRNA in malignant and benign breast tissues,and statistically analyze whether KLK5 expression levels correlate with clinicopathologic variables in the patients with breast cancer.Methods Paired breast tissue samples from cancerous and corresponding noncancerous tissues were obtained from 48 patients with breast cancer who underwent surgical resection.The relationship of KLK5 mRNA expression status with various clinicopathologic variables were quantitativly analyzed by real-time RT-PCR.Results KLK5 mRNA expression in cancerous tissues was decreased in 38 of 48(79%) breast cancer patients compared with normal counterparts.The mean expression level of KLK5 mRNA in cancerous tissues was significantly lower than that in noncancerous tissues(P0.01).The levels of KLK5 mRNA in cancerous tissues of patients with node metastasis were higher than those without metastasis.The levels of KLK5 mRNA were higher in cancerous tissues of patients who were in stage III and IV than those in stage I and II,but were lower in the cancerous tissues with positive estrogen receptor(ER) than those in the tissues with negative ER(P 0.01).There was no correlation between KLK5 expression and age,pathologic type or PR status(P0.05).Conclusion The results of this study indicated that KLK5 mRNA expression was significantly lower in cancerous tissues than that in noncancerous breast tissues,and low expression of KLK5 mRNA correlated with TMN stage,metastasis and ER status.


Objective To study the expression of Maspin mRNA in squamous cell lung carcinoma and its relationship with the clinicopathological factors,and to analyze its effect on the survival prognosis. Methods Maspin mRNA was detected in squamous cell lung carcinoma and paracancerous tissues by in situ hybridization. Results The positive expression rate of Maspin mRNA in paracancerous tissues and squamous cell lung carcinoma was 80. 00% and 41. 43%,respectively, which was statistical significance between them( χ2= 12. 54,P 0. 01). The positive expression of Maspin mRNA was not related to age,gender,lymph node metastasis,which was not statistical significance among them( P 0. 05),but related to tumor size,histological classification,TNM staging and Ki-67,which was statistical significance among them P 0. 05). The survival rate of patients with positive Maspin mRNA was more than those with negative Maspin mRNA,which was not statistical significance between them( χ2= 0. 03,P = 0. 87). Conclusion The expression of Maspin mRNA might reflect the malignant degree of squamous cell lung carcinoma,but could not reflect patients' survival prognosis.


With the rapid development of the logistics industry, the application of information technology (IT) such as IOT has become more and more important in complicated logistics business. Particularly, it becomes crucial for professional logistics park to integrate its business processing by virtue of information model via modern IT. So, first of all, some key issues concerning the information modeling of distribution processing are presented. Then, an integrated model of distribution processing is proposed and discussed. Furthermore, some key problems relating to the model are analyzed. Finally, key information modules of distribution processing are given to explain the function of such model applied to logistics park.


Despite the fact that rail freight transport is one of the most environmentally friendly matters of transport, its growth has been far behind the growth of freight transport in general. Studies showed that a competitive disadvantage is caused by a low availability of rolling stock, especially freight wagons. Changing from a time based to a condition based maintenance strategy is believed to decrease down times by at least one third. To make condition based maintenance for freight wagons possible the TU Berlin and five industry partners started the research project CargoCBM. One task in this project is to develop algorithms for the automatic on-board diagnosis of wheel flats. The focus of the work is on the process of feature generation and feature selection as well as the application of different classifiers to automatically evaluate the data. Based on the results of measured data, features were selected and tested with different classifiers. Thought advanced classifiers such as neural networks have been analysed in accordance to their classification accuracy. It can be shown that with carefully constructed and selected features comparatively simple classifiers can lead to excellent results.


Collectively, tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea), common Bermuda (Cynodon dactylon) and Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) have been seeded on more than 50 million acres throughout the southeast and midwestern United States. These exotic grasses have been seeded for hay, pasture, turfgrass, surface mine reclamation, conservation and roadside plantings, and for erosion control. As with many exotic organisms, these species are very aggressive and can quickly invade natural areas causing plant community degradation. Furthermore, these grasses do not provide quality wildlife habitat for grassland birds like the Northern Bobwhite quail or mammals such as the Eastern cottontail rabbit (Barnes et al. 1995, Randall 1996) . We (my graduate students and I) embarked upon an interesting journey eight years ago when we began our experiments with eradicating tall fescue using a variety of management techniques including fire, tillage, and herbicides season grasses were the best option for providing quality wildlife habitat. Our initial studies in killing fescue with glyphosate and establishing the Common Bermuda, and Bahia


Objective  To review the evidence comparing laparoscopic excision with laparoscopic ablation for endometriotic cysts.

Design  Review of the current literature.

Background  Endometriotic cysts can be managed laparoscopically by stripping and excising, or by ablation.

Main outcome measures  Symptom relief, post-procedure fertility and cyst recurrence rates.

Results  With ablative techniques, there are concerns about thermal damage to the underlying follicles, incomplete destruction of endometriotic tissue, overdiagnosis of endometriosis in cases of functional haemorrhagic cysts and missed diagnosis in cases of malignancy. The limited comparative data available demonstrate that the clinical outcomes in terms of symptom relief, pregnancy rates and cyst recurrence, are significantly better with excision when compared with ablation.

Conclusions  There is evidence to suggest that laparoscopic excision is superior to ablation in all the important clinical outcomes. There are also theoretical advantages of excision over ablation, with no demonstrable disadvantages.


-* acetate -> fatty acid. We express our gratitude to Dr R. Bentley and to Dr K. Bloch both of whom generously provided us with the samples of [1-14C]glucose. The photosynthetic experiments with tobacco leaves were carried out by Dr Helen Porter at the Botany Department of Imperial College of Science and Technology, whom we thank for her co-operation. The skilful technical assistance of Miss Christin Connolly and Mr F. Gaebler are also gratefully acknowledged.


Online magnetization current control is a critical concern of the variable-flux permanent magnet machine control. Increasing the magnetization speed benefits the machine system, which reduces manipulation losses and mechanical impact. Thus, this paper proposes an online trajectory prediction method that increases the DC-link voltage utilization, boosting the manipulation speed. The prediction method decouples the rotating voltage and the induction voltage in the machine model. The induction voltage is the source of di/dt, which influences the magnetization manipulation speed. The proposed method updates the maximum available induction voltage at every manipulation stage by excluding the rotating voltage from the DC-link voltage limitation. Based on the induction voltage, the magnetization current trajectory is predicted. The trajectory prediction is cooperated with a feed-forward current controller to increase the control dynamics. Verified by various experiments, the proposed method achieves fast manipulation speed with high control accuracy. Besides, the proposed method shows self-adaptive capabilities in variable-speed and variable-voltage conditions.


A review of the enforcement of the Hunting Act 2004 and the difficulties facing enforcement authorities in making the law effective


2-D resistivity imaging method is widely used to delineate fault zones. The fault referred as a rock fractures or discontinuity in rock volume due to relative displacement caused by the earth movement. In this study, 2-D resistivity imaging survey conducted in Iejue, Aceh Besar locality with the aim to delineate the Seulimeum fault system for this locality. Two survey lines L1 and L2, with a total length of 1200 m each, conducted across the suspected fault using ABEM SAS4000 system with Pole-dipole array and 10 m minimum electrodes spacing. 2-D resistivity imaging profile shows the exploration depth of >320 m with resistivity range of 1-1800 Ωm. The contrast in resistivity values for both lines L1 and L2 indicates the suspected fault at distance of 550-600 m and 500-550 m respectively. Correlation of 2-D resistivity imaging analyses with a geological map of the area shows that the fault is trending in the NW-SE direction with fault lineament approaching the resistivity result. Two distinct resistivity zones identified for each survey line; a saturated zone starting at distance of 600 m toward the end of the line and high resistivity zone at distance of 0 m to 550 m. This saturated zone interpreted as a ground fluid, while the high resistivity zone represents as existing alluvium, sandstones, and volcanic sediments.


The influence of cooling conditions on the bending properties and Mode I interlaminar fracture toughness of commingled PET/GF and PA6/GF composites was investigated. The morphology and thermal properties of the composites were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results show that cooling conditions had no major effect on bending properties, but the fracture toughness (GC) was affected; i.e., fracture toughness of gradual cooling was lower than rapid cooling. The bending properties are not significantly affected by crystallinity, but GC is strongly influenced by the level of crystallinity in the matrix resin.


The preparation of GeH3PD2 and GeD3PH2 by the exchange reaction between monosilylphosphine and monochlorogermane is confirmed by their 1H n.m.r. spectra. The formation of GeH3PH2BH3 by direct reaction with diborane is also examined by 1H n.m.r. spectroscopy, and features of these spectra are discussed.


The feasibility of photoperiod sensitive genic sterile technique was elaborated through the selection of Shenjing 1Sand Shenjing 2S and the environment analysis in Shneyang.The main difficulty of photoperiod sensitive genic sterile technique and the solving methods were pointed out.


The diving is one sport that is growing rapidly day by day, practice is essential for the use of equipment Scuba "Self Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus." Which sumistra air to the diver through a mouthpiece standardized studies report that these nozzles cause disturbances in the ATM: crepitus, clicking, trismus, headache, myofascial pain, among others. In the present study are made custom mouthpieces to 17 divers, used alternately with standardized nozzles in a total of 6 dives. The objective is to determine whether the use of custom-designed nozzles diving, eliminates or prevents the "tongue syndrome diving" under the conditions of temperature and depth to which the subject during a dive. Results: The 17 divers who performed 100% 3 dives with standard nozzles after 15 minutes showed any signs or symptoms during and after the dive, the 17 divers conducted 100% 3 dives with custom nozzles did not have any symptoms at the joint during or after immersion Conclusion: To avoid the syndrome of a diver's mouth and its impact is advisable to use customized nozzles which prevent the disruption of ATM.


It is described how photolithography can be employed to pattern large shapes in the Ge stencil simultaneously with electron‐beam lithography based on the scanning electron microscopy. This results in the absence of the additional contact between different metals deposited with different lithography processes. This approach was used to fabricate systems of ultrasmall Al tunnel junctions and mesoscopic Al loops.


Hardware square-root units require large numbers of gates even for iterative implementations. In this paper we present four low-cost high-performance fully-pipelined n-select implementations (nS-Root) based on a non-restoring-remainder square root algorithm. The nS-Root uses a parallel array of carry-save adders (CSAs). For a square root bit calculation, a CSA is used once. This means that the calculations can be fully pipelined. It also uses the n-way root-select technique to speedup the square root calculation. The cost/performance evaluation shows that n=2 or n=2.5 is a suitable solution for designing a high-speed fully pipelined square root unit while keeping the low-cost.


Israeli Perspectives- "...a vital source of information on the complex nature of the special relationship between the US and Israel." USI Journal- "A useful book on Middle Eastern perspectives.


Measuring simultaneous correlations of intensity fluctuations, one can exploit photon correlations of the imaging source and improve resolution in comparison with the intensity detection. However, in this case also information loss unavoidable for intensity detection eventually leads to the phenomenon known as "the Rayleigh catastrophe". When the details of the imaged object become much smaller than the certain value defined by the wavelength of the imaging field and parameters of the imaging set-up, the information about any individual detail tends to zero making practically unfeasible inferring object parameters from the measured correlation functions.


Purpose
This study aims to investigate factors that influenced Malaysia's Gen Y consumers' behavioral intention to purchase halal food in Malaysia.

Design/methodology/approach
A quantitative method was adopted in this study and responses were obtained from 110 Gen Y consumers in Malaysia.

Findings
Using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), the results showed that subjective norms and perceived behavioral control influenced behavioral intention among Gen Y consumers to purchase halal food, while attitude did not play a significant role in the purchase of halal food products among Gen Y consumers.

Research limitations/implications
This study adopts a cross-sectional research design and examines the opinions of consumers at only one point in time. Future research also may look upon halal awareness toward other products in a broader geographical area and in other different culture. Longitudinal research design and a bigger sample size should be conducted in future to obtain better results.

Practical implications
The result of the study would serve as a reference to Malaysian Statutory bodies and food industry on the current intention of Malaysian Gen Y toward halal food.

Originality/value
Limited researchers have studied Gen Y consumers' intention to purchase halal food products.


Adult granulosa cell tumors (AGCTs) harbor a somatic FOXL2 c.402C>G mutation in ~95% of cases and are mainly surgically removed due to limited systemic treatment effect. In this study, potentially targetable genomic alterations in AGCTs were investigated by whole genome sequencing on 46 tumor samples and matched normal DNA. Copy number variant (CNV) analysis confirmed gain of chromosome 12 and 14, and loss of 22. Pathogenic TP53 mutations were identified in three patients with highest tumor mutational burden and mitotic activity, defining a high-grade AGCT subgroup. Within-patient tumor comparisons showed 29-80% unique somatic mutations per sample, suggesting tumor heterogeneity. A higher mutational burden was found in recurrent tumors, as compared to primary AGCTs. FOXL2 -wildtype AGCTs harbored DICER1 , TERT (C228T) and TP53 mutations and similar CNV profiles as FOXL2 -mutant tumors. Our study confirms that absence of the FOXL2 c.402C>G mutation does not exclude AGCT diagnosis. The lack of overlapping variants in targetable cancer genes indicates the need for personalized treatment for AGCT patients. We present the largest molecularly characterized cohort of AGCTs to date, in which we perform whole genome sequencing (WGS) on fresh frozen tumor material with matched normal reference DNA. We use this comprehensive method to investigate copy number changes, frequently mutated genes, mutational signatures and tumor heterogeneity. We define a subgroup of patients with high-grade AGCTs, harboring a pathogenic TP53 mutation. In addition, we identify potential driver mutations in AGCTs without the FOXL2 c.402C>G mutation, and find more variants in recurrent AGCTs as compared to primary tumors. Finally, we detect a high degree of intra-patient tumor heterogeneity. rank-sum test was performed for between-group comparisons, two tailed, with a 0.05 significance level.


Is the UK locked into economic relationships dominated by geography? Can it reorient its trade and FDI patterns from the slower growing European economy to faster-growing markets in Asia, Latin America and Africa, as promised by the proponents of Brexit? In this article Saul Estrin, Christine Cote (LSE), and Daniel Shapiro (Simon Fraser University) concentrate their attention on trade in goods and conclude that in practice, it is much cheaper to trade with neighbouring countries, and it will remain so in the near term.


Interpretation of tracer studies of amino acid kinetics in the fed state is dependent on knowledge of splanchnic uptake of diet-derived amino acids. We studied five healthy control children and five children with cystic fibrosis (CF). After an overnight fast, the children ingested, hourly, a formula diet for 11 h. 5,5,5-[2H3]Leucine was added to the feedings during the last 6 h, and an i.v. infusion of 1-[13C]leucine was administered during the last 2 h of the formula feeding. The mean rate of splanchnic uptake of leucine was similar in the CF and control group, 23.8 ± 24.0 and 21.5 ± 21.2 µmol·kg-1·h-1, respectively. Fractional splanchnic uptake of leucine was not significantly different in the patients with CF (0.16 ± 0.112 mean ± SD) compared with the control children (0.244 ± 0.256-1). The rate of whole body protein breakdown was not significantly different between the groups (CF versus control) with (159 ± 18 versus 135 ± 28 µmol·kg-1·h-1) or without (135 ± 14 versus 114 ± 20 µmol·kg-1·h-1) correction for splanchnic leucine uptake. However, for the 10 cases combined, protein breakdown corrected for splanchnic leucine uptake (147 ± 26 µmol·kg-1·h-1) was 18% greater than uncorrected protein breakdown (124 ± 20 µmol·kg-1·h-1) (p = 0.009). The data suggest that companion studies of splanchnic uptake might enhance the interpretation of leucine kinetics in the fed state.


Using analysts' stock recommendations this paper shows gender heterogeneity in investment advice. The odds for female financial analysts to issue optimistic recommendations are much lower than the odds for male analysts. However, an investor cannot profit from the observed gender differences. Comparing monthly rebalanced portfolios of stocks recommended by female analysts and by male analysts, we conclude that the investor can not convert the observed gender differences in recommendations into a profitable investment strategy.


Inelastic electron scattering cross sections for {sup 14}C have been measured at a scattering angle of 180{degree}, with incident beam energies ranging from 81.9 to 268.9 MeV. Transverse form factors were measured for transitions to low-lying natural-parity states, to unnatural-parity stretched'' {ital J}{sup {pi}}=4{sup {minus}} states, and to the {ital J}{sup {pi}}=2{sup {minus}} analog to the {sup 14}B ground state. Cross sections for 4{sup {minus}} states at 11.7 and 17.3 MeV are combined with pion scattering data to determine the isoscalar and isovector transition amplitudes. Form factors for other states are compared to shell-model calculations. From the excitation energy of the newly discovered {ital J}{sup {pi}}T=2{sup {minus}}2 state at 22.1 MeV, the {sup 14}C-{sup 14}B Coulomb energy difference is determined to be 2.25{plus minus}0.10 MeV.


The Persian province of Māzandarān has characteristics unique in the land of Iran, even among its Caspian neighbours. The landscape of mountain, forest, ricefield and sea has its special freshness and charm, worlds away from the rocky plateau and searing desert further to the south. Its beauty was appreciated among others by the Safavid Shāh 'Abbās, who built an engineered highroad hidden to-day by the forest above Gālūgāh, and maintained favoured residences at Behshahr and Faraḥābād. For the visiting stranger, the most obvious impression is that created by the perennial Māzandarān cloud, a sea of cotton tufts, as it is often described, rising steadily up the hillsides with the growing heat of the day, to sink back into the valleys with the chill of evening, or fall as soft drizzle through the hours of darkness. When the traveller ascending the mountainside reaches the level of condensation, suddenly he is in a world of total humidity, with streaming perspiration, and water running from the trees and undergrowth. Twenty minutes later he has passed through the cloudbase, and entered the bone-dry world of "Iraq". Dry sand replaces the treacherous "yellow clay" (zarde gil) beneath his feet, and the cool breeze in an instant evaporates the moisture from his shirt.


An apparatus for transferring a glass and a semiconductor substrate is provided to induce rotation of a substrate in a constant direction by generating horizontal force due to the area difference between a first bottom surface and a second bottom surface. An apparatus for transferring a glass and a semiconductor substrate includes at least one fluid insertion section and a cylindrical pivot flow generating section(28). The fluid insertion section includes a fluid passage so that a fluid can be introduced into a concave interior space. The pivot flow generating section is provided between a first bottom surface(24) and a second bottom surface(26). The first bottom surface makes contact with the substrate on the bottom surface of the concave space and has a small area. The second bottom surface makes contact with the substrate and has a large area. The periphery of the pivot flow generating section has an inclined surface on the outer side thereof.


G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) are responsible for the transduction of signals across lipid membranes and are the largest family of targets (~35%) for currently approved drugs. They exist as dynamic conformational ensembles with multiple inactive and active conformational substates described by an energy landscape model. Consequently, understanding the modulation of conformational dynamics of GPCRs by soft matter such as membrane lipids and cellular water in the receptor's environment is critical to understanding GPCR efficacy and selectivity. Here we show how membrane lipids and cellular water play crucial roles in shaping the energy landscape of GPCR activation, thus acting as allosteric modulators. We investigated ways in which the receptor hydration level and lipid bilayer composition influence the metarhodopsin equilibrium of the archetypical GPCR rhodopsin in native and POPC recombinant membranes after light activation. Using different polyethylene glycol (PEG) solutions, the osmotic pressure on rhodopsin was varied, while shifting of the metarhodopsin equilibrium was probed using UV‐Visible spectroscopy. Our results show a flood of ~80‐100 water molecules into the rhodopsin interior during photoactivation, forming a solvent‐swollen Meta‐II active state. Dehydrating conditions favor Meta‐I through the efflux of water from the protein interior yet simultaneously increase bilayer thickness, which should favor Meta‐II. Because the osmotic effect on the protein is more significant than the effect of the lipid bilayer, the overall equilibrium is generally shifted to Meta‐I. However, small osmolytes favored the Meta‐II state because they can penetrate the protein core, decreasing the osmotic effect on the protein. Furthermore, the metarhodopsin equilibrium was shifted towards the Meta‐I state in POPC recombinant membranes compared to the native membrane environment. Analysis of transducin C‐terminal peptide‐binding isotherms revealed that the G‐prottein binding affinity is significantly decreased when the lipid environment is changed from the native lipids to POPC lipids. The POPC lipid membrane has zero spontaneous curvature that shifts the equilibrium towards the more compact, inactive Meta‐I state. By contrast, the native lipid membrane environment possesses a negative spontaneous curvature that favors the more expanded state of Meta‐II. Our results delineate the crucial role of soft matter in regulating the metarhodopsin equilibrium in a membrane environment.


The utility model belongs to the field of electronic technology, and relates to a hybrid four-phase six-line stepping motor on an industrial sewing machine and a stepping motor controller. The stepping motor controller solves the problems that the stepping motor loses steps or is out of control and the like, when being controlled by the existing stepping motor controller to run. The stepping motor controller comprises a controller and a driving circuit of the stepping motor connected therewith; the controller comprises a CPLD which is internally provided with a counter, a timer, a DAC and a dead-zone controller respectively, wherein the counter is used for counting input pulses from corresponding positive and negative turning, the timer is used for providing a sub-divisional time constant, the DAC is used for realizing the analogue output of an I/O interface of the CPLD, and the dead-zone controller is used for avoiding the simultaneous starting of an upper bridge and a lower bridge in the driving circuit from causing a short circuit; and the signal input end of the CPLD is connected with an external singlechip, and the output end thereof is connected with the driving circuit. The stepping motor controller has the advantages of being capable of leading the stepping motor not to lose steps, be out of control, and the like when in running.


A power quality problem is an occurrence manifested as a nonstandard voltage, current or frequency that results is a failure or mis-operation of end user requirements. Significant financial cost losses due to utility distribution networks, industrial loads and critical commercial operations which suffer from various types of outages and service interruption. The present work is to identify the prominent concerns in this area and hence that measures the quality of the power of recommended using soft computing method especially fuzzy control systems. In this paper the application of fuzzy techniques used for correcting the voltage sag, swell and interruption in a distributed system. At present a newly available power electronics devices, are emerging for custom power applications. The distribution static compensator ( DSATCOM) and the dynamic voltage restorer ( DVR) are most effective devices; both of them based on the "Voltage Source converters" (VSC) principle. A "Dynamic Voltage Restorer" (DVR) injects a voltage in series with the system voltage and a "Distribution static compensator" (D-STATCOM) injects a current into the system to correct the power quality problems. Comprehensive results are presented to assess the performance of each device as a potential custom power solution. The PI controller used in this paper to process the error signal generated at the required angle to drive the error near to zero. In this paper a PIlike FKBC (fuzzy knowledge based controller) is employed in place of conventional PIcontroller.


Like governments elsewhere, African governments raise revenues, employ workers and make expenditures. They do so in ways that reflect and affect the structure of their economies. Important interdependencies exist among revenues, employment and expenditures, and in more ways than the obvious one that expenditures have to be funded and require employees for implementation. Considerations include: the dependence of government revenues on export prices; the unimportance of the personal income tax; government wages relative to private sector opportunities; the role of education in altering the supply of government workers and their wages; and the effect of government expenditures on government revenues. Copyright 1996 by Oxford University Press.


New quassinoid glucosides, picrasinoside-B,-C,-D,-E,-F, and -G, and quassinoid hemiacetals, picrasinol-A and -B, were isolated from the bark of Piorasma ailanthoides PLANCHON, and their structures are established by spectral analysis and chemical transformations.


The pressure dependence of the total threshold current and its respective recombination components in 1.3 μm GaInNAs single quantum‐well lasers has been determined by measuring for the first time the window‐spontaneous emission under hydrostatic pressures at room temperature. It is shown that, above 6 kbar, the rapid increase of the threshold current with increasing pressure in GaInNAs lasers is related to the unusual increase of the Auger recombination current, while the monomolecular non‐radiative current in the total threshold current is almost constant in the pressure range studied. Theoretical calculations show that the unusual increase of the Auger current is due to a large increase in the threshold carrier density with pressure, stronger than the reduction of the Auger coefficient leading to an overall increase in the Auger current.


Due to the high volatility of the oil price, cars producers have been motivated to find new solutions for reducing or eliminating the use of fossil fuel. In the last few years, hybrid vehicles (combustion engine combined with an electric motor) and full electric vehicles (EVs) have been designed and commercialized with relatively good success. Both technologies use batteries to drive an electric motor. Nowadays there are two main options for charging the batteries: ▪ Through the direct connection of the vehicles to the grid, so called V2G ▪ Through a battery switch station (BSS), where the empty batteries are replaced with charged batteries.


Parallel Virtual Machine and Message Passing Interface are the most successful Message passing libraries to map parallel algorithm onto parallel computing platform. Configuration of MPI and PVM in the nodes present in parallel computing environment (desktop PC's interconnected using Ethernet LAN) is the time consuming task for a user. This configuration procedure requires lot of knowledge about the steps to be followed to make them work properly. Configuration becomes the difficult task when there is more number of nodes in the parallel computing environment. Our work aims on developing a common parallel programming platform which allows a user to get MPI and PVM in the nodes without any time consuming configuration steps. This is done by integrating the recent version of PVM: PVM3.4.6 into the MPI's MPICH2 packages in order to simplify the time consuming task of configuring them separately.


Medical  and Dental Council of India very recently made a provision for a single eligibility examination test named National Eligibility Entrance Test (NEET) for admission to medical and dental course. The Supreme Court of India has repealed the NEET dealing a jolt to uniform admission norms for medical, dental and postgraduate seats in medical and dental schools of the country. Keywords: Admission criteria, dental education, medical education


Authorship attribution, an NLP problem where anonymous text is matched to its author, has important, cross-disciplinary applications, particularly those concerning cyber-defense. Our research examines the degree of sensitivity that attention-based models have to adversarial perturbations. We ask, what is the minimal amount of change necessary to maximally confuse a transformer model? In our investigation we examine a balanced subset of emails from the Enron email dataset, calculating the performance of our model before and after email signatures have been perturbed. Results show that the model's performance changed significantly in the absence of a signature, indicating the importance of email signatures in email authorship detection. Furthermore, we show that these models rely on signatures for shorter emails much more than for longer emails. We also indicate that additional research is necessary to investigate stylometric features and adversarial training to further improve classification model robustness.


Ferroelectric properties in the stretched and corona poled films of poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) were investigated. The D-E hysteresis loops were studied in the stretched SAN films (S=2.5X) corona poled at poling field E/sub p//spl ap/45 MV/m and poling temperature T/sub p/=85/spl deg/C in the temperature range 28 to 115/spl deg/C. The remanent polarization and coercive field were found to decrease with temperature. A phase transition from ferroelectric to paraelectric is believed to be taking place in the film in the vicinity of its glass transition temperature T/sub g//spl ap/112/spl deg/C. The dielectric relaxation of the order of 13 has been obtained in these films. The application of Frohlich theory to the thermally stimulated current results for the SAN films poled under identical conditions provides the value of orientational correlation factor g/spl ap/1.6 which corroborates the cooperative motion of dipoles in these films and explains its ferroelectric behaviour.


Chronic heart failure is a risk factor in the development of erectile dysfunction, according to research presented at the European Association of Urology annual congress.


Background.Cone-beam computed tomography is a new application of Computed Tomography that generates three-dimensional data at lower cost and absorbed doses than conventional Computed Tomography found in the practice of medical radiology. The objectiveness of this study was To explore the diagnostic values of cone beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) in the determination of periodontal furcation involvements in molar area.in smoker and non smoker young subjects Materials and Methods: forty subjects were included in the study ,they were free from any systemic disease their age group were range between 15-20 years old , they were divided in to two groups each group composed of 20 subjects first groups was smokers, they were smoke at least 10 cigarettes per day , smoking status was assessed by means of a self reported questionnaire which include :whether the subject had ever used any tobacco products , number of cigarettes smoke per day in addition to recording name of the subjects, age and gender while the second group was non-smokers free from any systemic disease For Cone-beam computed tomography scanning, the system we use in our study was Kodak 9500 CBCT Results: there was an equal number of male and female in smokers group while in non –smokers group the number of male was 13 while the number of female was7.inter group comparison of means of plaque and gingival index show anon significant difference between smokers and non smokers group where the pvalue>0.05while Inter group comparison for the furcation involvement using cone beam computed tomography show a highly significant differences between smoker group and non –smoker group at p-values 0.000 .intra group comparison between gender show non significant difference for furcation involvement .correlation using pearson r between number of cigarettes and number of sites founded in each patients was a highly significant Conclusion: Cone-beam computed tomography imaging has the potential to replace intraoral imaging for the assessment of periodontal architecture especially in buccal and lingual aspect. However, clinical studies would be helpful in supporting this conclusion. Also Cone-beam computed tomography may be a useful and more practical clinical tool than digital subtraction radiography for the assessment of changes in periodontal bone over time


Various factors which governs in contributing damage to the structure during an earthquake are vertical irregularities, irregularity in strength and stiffness, mass irregularity, torsional irregularity, etc. One such irregularity is a Floating Column configuration in a building. In this study, the influence of Floating columns on seismic response of multi-storey buildings is studied. Floating Column is basically a stubbed column which is stopped at a particular storey and does not have any continuity to the lower adjacent storey. Such Columns floating in the structure definitely bring out aesthetics of the building. But when such a column become an active member in resisting and dissipating the lateral forces due to seismicity, a hindrance is created in the clear load path and thereby generating a weak link in the structure. The present work focuses on the seismic behaviour of buildings, i.e., the effect on Lateral Displacement and Storey drift when Floating Columns are introduced in the structure. The Floating columns are varied in numbers and at various locations in plan. The transfer girders are varied in sizes (making it safe against the loads) and are compared with its regular counterpart. It is observed that by introducing Floating Columns into the framed structure, the criticality of the structure increases in terms of storey drift. Conclusions drawn from the study stipulates that introducing Floating Columns increases the criticality of the structure under seismic forces.


At present, zero-sequence current protection is generally used as the main protection for single-phase ground faults in resistance-grounded inverter power stations. However, limited by the principle, it is difficult for current protection to take into account selectivity and rapid action when the neutral point resistance is large, so there is protection mismatch with the inverter-type power supply for low voltage ride through leads to the risk of large-scale disconnection of non-fault lines. Aiming at the above problems, firstly, a fault analysis model of the inverter power station considering the capacitance to ground is established to study the distribution characteristics of resistive and capacitive zero-sequence currents in the collection system, when single-phase ground short circuit occurs on different types of lines. Then, based on the characteristic difference between the resistance and capacitance components of the zero-sequence current flowing through the two ends of the tie line in case of internal and external faults, a zero-sequence pilot protection algorithm is formed. Compared with the traditional zero-sequence current differential protection, the proposed protection algorithm only transmits logic information without synchronous sampling, and has significant economy. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed protection algorithm are verified by an engineering simulation example.


Estimation of the noise power spectral density (PSD) plays a critical role in most existing single-channel speech enhancement algorithms. In this paper, we present a novel noise PSD tracking algorithm, which employs a log-spectral power minimum mean square error (MMSE) estimator. This method updates the noise PSD estimate by performing a temporal recursive averaging of log-spectral MMSE estimate of the current noise power to reduce the risk of speech leakage into noise estimate. A smoothing parameter used in the recursive operation is adjusted by speech presence probability (SPP). In this method, a spectral nonlinear weighting function is derived to estimate the noise spectral power which depends on the a priori and the a posteriori signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). An extensive performance comparison has been carried out with several state-of-the-art noise tracking algorithms, i.e., Minimum Statistics (MS), modified minima controlled recursive averaging algorithm (MCRA-2), MMSE-based method, and SPP-based method. It is clear from experimental results that the proposed algorithm exhibits more excellent noise tracking capability under various nonstationary noise environments and SNR levels. When employed in a speech enhancement framework, improved speech enhancement performance in terms of the segmental SNR (segSNR) improvements and three objective composite metrics is observed.


Relative permeability maps for steady-state two-phase flow in porous media, delivered by implementing the DeProF model [1] algorithm, were integrated within COMSOL Multiphysics® software [2] to resolve field-scale flows in porous media. The mechanistic model DeProF [1], predicts the relative permeability of oil and water in terms of the capillary number, Ca, the oil/water flowrate ratio, r, the oil/water viscosity ratio, M, the advancing and receding contact angles, and a parameter vector, comprising the dimensionless geometrical and topological parameters affecting the flow. The DeProF model is the first mechanistic model describing the flow in terms of its actual independent variables, Ca, and r. It shows improved performance over the conventional modeling of saturation-described flow. Not only the DeProF model matches the process phenomenology with a remarkable specificity, but it also reveals latent phenomenology, e.g. the existence of optimum operating conditions. The latter has been recently confirmed by a major re-examination of laboratory studies [3] and is justified on the basis of statistical thermodynamics principles [4]. In that context, the DeProF theory provides a deeper and more accurate (true-to-mechanism) description of the sought process and the underlying mechanisms. Extended simulations with the DeProF model algorithm in a 3D pore network of the chamberand-throat type, delivered macroscopic, reduced pressure gradient maps, x, expressed in the form of a scaling law function of Ca & r, x(Ca,r) [1], Figure 1. Such map was integrated into the COMSOL model. A lean integration scheme capable of handling steady-state two-phase flow problems was developed. The model treats the two-phase flow problem as an equivalent one-phase flow problem of a virtual fluid having a local effective mobility equal to the sum of the local mobilities of oil and water. The algorithm solves the equivalent 1-ph flow problem combining Darcy's law with the continuity equation and the transport equation for the apparent fluid density and viscosity, calculated as saturation-weighted averages of oil/water properties, while considering dependence of the effective hydraulic conductivity on local flow conditions. The latter are described by the total flowrate intensity (effective superficial velocity), equal to the sum of oil and water velocities. For a local set of oil and water velocities, the local values of Ca & r are readily computed and the local effective mobility is estimated as the sum of the local oil & water mobilities. These, and the reduced pressure gradient, are looked-up from the DeProF map for the corresponding Ca, r values. Implementation of the standard Darcy velocity vs pressure gradient relation for the equivalent phase, delivers the new effective superficial velocity. This latter is decomposed into a set of local oil & water superficial velocities according to the value of the flowrate ratio. The procedure is repeated along the effective flow streamlines which coincide with the actual 2-ph flow streamlines. The integration scheme has been applied to a variety of injection/production patterns, solitary wells, 7-spot well arrangements [5,6], Fig. 2, and for different orientations, including gravity effects, Fig.3.


Maize (Zea mays L.) was an important vegetable throughout the Americas in pre-Columbian times. It may have been particularly important for people in temperate zones, where the selection of cultivated vegetables was relatively limited. In this review I shall use the term "corn" rather than maize, given that corn is used in the older literature upon which this review is based. My objective in this review is to focus on vegetable uses; however, some grain uses will also be discussed because the distinctions are somewhat arbitrary. Corn, when grown for grain, is one of the most efficient crop plants in terms of calorie production. Because the grain may be stored for long periods, corn was (and is) the primary source of food energy for most of the major civilizations in the Western Hemisphere. In addition to an energy source, corn has been used as a vegetable by all these civilizations. For the purposes of this paper, I define vegetable as any plant part, usually high in moisture when consumed, that usually undergoes minimal processing beyond cooking. In contrast, a grain is a seed or seedlike fruit that is dried to low moisture for storage and usually processed before consumption. Processing of grains frequently results in a product that is unrecognizable as the original plant part.


Objective To analyze the locking plate fixation of proximal humeral fractures in elderly patients with clinical effect. Methods 80 cases of patients in our hospital departments from January 2011 to January 2013 were randomly divided into two groups of 40 cases. The control group received conservative treatment,the treatment group implemented locking plate fixation. Two groups of patients the efficacy and adverse reactions were analyzed. Results The excellent rate of 90% was significantly higher than 72. 5%( P 0. 05).Both groups had no significant differences in healing time,but the control group malunion rated up to 60%,with20% of the treatment group compared with malunion rate,The treatment group was better than the control,there was statistical significance( P 0. 05). Conclusions Compared with conservative treatment,surgery and internal fixation of proximal humerus fractures in elderly patients with better efficacy,not only help patients recover shoulder function,but also to reduce surgical adverse reactions,alleviate the suffering of patients,in clinical treatment should be generalizable.


In this work, the problem of dynamic micro-grid selection by the plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) in smart grid is studied as an evolutionary game theoretic approach. In the proposed dynamic micro-grid selection game, named DMSG, each PEV chooses an optimal micro-grid for energy consumption with an optimum price. In DMSG, the PEVs act as the players and form the population. The micro-grids are considered as strategies. The amount of energy requested to each micro-grid is considered as the population share of the micro-grid. Each PEV selects the micro-grid, based on prediction, for charging, and decides the amount of energy to be consumed. Thereby, the PEVs select the Pareto optimal solutions and ensure the proper energy-load distribution. Through simulation, we observe that within 20-25 iterations, Pareto optimal solution is accomplished. Additionally, DMSG ensures proper distribution of energy demand of the PEVs, while the PEVs pay less. Keywords—Evolutionary Game Theory, Replicator Dynamics, Dynamic Selection, Plug-In Electric Vehicles, Smart Grid


reformation of treason's spectacle" (p. 129). This carefully documented perception of an excess that the discourse of orthodox monarchy cannot contain, offers a valuable way into the construction of "treason" as a category of forbidden political behavior during the period. In a final chapter Mullaney takes the text of Pericles as an example of a move from the arena of "public" theatrical discourse to that of linear narratives, which gesture towards the private, selfauthorizing discourse of the novel. This is a high-risk argument, especially when we consider that this generally problematical—some would say confused—text is to be considered as "Shakespeare's systematic effort to dissociate his art from the marginal contexts and affiliations that had formerly served as the grounds of its possibility" (p. 147). Moreover, only in the most circumstantial of ways can the figure of Gower be considered as an anticipation of the omniscient narrator, and although Shakespeare does stand historically "at the threshold of the horizon of professional authorship and modern construction of the author" (p. 149), to credit him with anticipating the rise of the novel is little short of bardolatrous opportunism.


This paper presents the design and measurement results of an ultra-broadband and high gain GaAs based compact monolithic microwave integrated circuit amplifier. The MMIC is designed using 150nm pseudomorphic high-electron-mobility transistor process in a compact size of 2.5mm x 1.5mm x 0.1mm. The amplifier is based on distributed amplifier topology where conventional distributed amplifier is used in conjunction with cascaded single-stage distributed amplifier stages to achieve large gain-bandwidth product of 374 GHz. Minimum gain of 22.5dB is achieved with low DC power consumption of only 240mW over the entire frequency band of 1–18 GHz.


The population size, moult chronology, food habits, and feeding behaviour of Steller's Eiders Polysticta stelleri were studied at Nelson Lagoon, Alaska from May to October 1977. Sub-adults were flightless from late July to late August and the adult males were flightless from late August to mid September. Adult females were rarely flightless at Nelson Lagoon but commonly flightless at Izembek Bay. Steller's Eiders ate primarily bivalve mollusca and amphipod crustacea, with Mytilus edulis and Anisogammarus pugettensis the most important foods. Eiders took amphipoda prior to the wing-feather moult, bivalves during the wing-feather moult, and both types of invertebrates after the wing-feather moult. Steller's Eiders fed primarily at the low tide by diving (flock-feeding) or head-dipping, both during the day and at night. There was no difference in feeding behaviour between ages or sexes. Eiders fed almost exclusively by diving after the wing-feather moult and apparently fed more as the season progressed.


English has lexical verb and functional verb to fill the function of predicate in a clause. Since predicate is a nucleus constituent of a construction, the absence of one kind of verbs triggers the emergence of another. Thus, verb is productively used in English language.
 Linking verb is one of lexical verbs in English. Syntactically, it is a unique verb since it is a lexical verb—the same as the canonical one—but it can be substituted by copula be. Some experts stated that copula be and linking verb are equivalent.
 However, recent studies about linking verb focus on the list of the verbs and the structure. There were not many previous studies focusing on the nature of linking verb. Besides, the study of identifying linking verb in syntactic construction was left uncompleted. Therefore, this paper aims at describing the nature of linking verb and identifying linking verb in syntactic construction in order to distinguish it from another type of English lexical verbs.


The approach presented in this paper provides real-time estimation of a gaseous plume concentration using an unmanned aerial vehicle with sensors. The plume is generated by a moving aerial source and is modeled by the unsteady three-dimensional advection–diffusion equation with ambient winds and eddy diffusivities. The approach couples the unmanned aerial vehicle guidance with the performance of the concentration estimator and is implemented with efficient computational methods for real-time estimation. The unmanned aerial vehicle is modeled as a point-mass fixed-wing aircraft resulting in a sixth-order nonlinear dynamical system. The unmanned aerial vehicle is guided toward the region of maximum state-estimation error via a Lyapunov-redesign method. The estimation scheme provides the desired Cartesian velocities of the unmanned aerial vehicle, and a lower-level controller provides the control signals to the unmanned aerial vehicle. The finite volume discretization of the estimator incorporates a second-o...


Motion responses of a moored ship under the action of beam seas were calculated using a time-domain numerical model.Correlations among wave height,period,water depth,ship size,wharf type and impact velocity were tested.It is shown that the impact velocity increases linearly with wave height when the wave period is less than the natural period of a ship.And it increases with the increasing wave period,while decreases with the increasing ship draft.It is higher in breasting dolphin(infinite domain) than in bulkhead wharf(semi-infinite domain).The relationship between water depth and impact velocity remains unclear.In addition,a large number of available data were collected in physical models of 20 000~260 000 DWT ships.Based on multiple regression analysis,an approximate estimate of impact velocity of a mooring ship was presented.


Image inpainting is to restore a damaged image with missing information – a fundamental problem and a hot research area in image processing. Many approaches, both geometry oriented and texture oriented, have been proposed on inpainting such as total variation (TV), Criminisi algorithm, etc. However, these approaches suffer from either limitations such as only suitable for small areas (cracks), staircase effect (discontinuity), or inefficient (time-consuming) to search the best matched patch (for filling-in). In this paper we propose a novel approach based on partial differential equation (PDE) and isophotes direction, named as Isophotes-TV-H-1. A corrupted image is first decomposed into two parts: the cartoon (smooth parts and edges of the image) and the texture. The cartoon part is inpainted through Isophotes- TV-H-1 while the texture part is done by an enhanced Criminisi algorithm which reduces the searching time for match and gives more reasonable match patches. The results of experiments on several images have demonstrated that, compared to existing methods, the proposed solution can recover the texture (of the damaged region) better, suppress error propagation and solve the problem of intensity discontinuity.


A connection is traced from the informal policy maps of managers, to some formal methods that have been reported for eliciting causal policy maps from the minds of managers, to commercially available computer-driven methods for storing, displaying, and analyzing policy maps in a group setting. A gap in available techniques for analyzing policy maps is identified, and a path-finding algorithm built into an artificial intelligence program is put forward as a step toward closing this gap. It is used to demonstrate a causal-map analysis as an aid to a group policy meeting.


Abstract : This document presents an algebraic analysis of some domain decomposition preconditioners on irregular regions. The authors analyze a preconditioner proposed in another work for the interface system and prove that, for all L-shaped regions and some C-shaped regions, it produces a convergence rate that is independent of the size of the discretization and the relative shape of the subdomains (aspect ratios). Specifically, it is proven that the condition number of the preconditioned capacitance system is bound by 2.16 for all L-shaped domains. Some results for other simple irregular geometries are also given.


Author(s): Vazquez, Michael Angel Rodriguez | Advisor(s): Gutierrez, David G | Abstract: This investigation examines the roles that public schools in the Alta-Baja California borderlands play in constructing notions of identity, specifically mexicanidad. Living in the literal margins of their respective countries, neplanterxs, or those who find themselves living in the "in between," form a unique community. Not considered when national identities were constructed in Washington, DC and Mexico City, these students have had to forge their own identity and figure out how the physical border defines them. However, how do schools on each side impact how these students see themselves? Which historical perspectives do these schools teach, and which ones should they teach? In what ways have policies shaped identities, and what steps should be taken to be support these students? This multi-modal, mixed methods, bilingual, and binational research project explores these questions and more. Through historical research, this project seeks to shed light on the institutional role school systems have played in forming and disseminating Mexican and US American identities, as well as how many neplanterxs have sought to embrace both. Likewise, one-on-one interviews were conducted with college students from both sides of the border to learn more about their educational experiences, their social science curricula, and their understandings of who and where they are. Ultimately, this thesis aims to demonstrate how the concept of binationality has largely been ignored by the schools in this area, leaving students to navigate this conflict on their own. As the students expressed a strong desire for more course material focused on this particular region, regardless of the border's arbitrary placement, ideally this research project would be used to motivate educators and policymakers to implement culturally responsive teaching strategies out of respect for their needs and wishes.


Poisson's equation has been used in VLSI global placement for describing the potential field induced by a given charge density distribution. Unlike previous global placement methods that solve Poisson's equation numerically, in this paper, we provide an analytical solution of the equation to calculate the potential energy of an electrostatic system. The analytical solution is derived based on the separation of variables method and an exact density function to model the block distribution in a placement region, which is an infinite series and converges absolutely. Using the analytical solution, we give a fast computation scheme of Poisson's equation and develop an effective and efficient global placement algorithm called Pplace. Experimental results show that our Pplace achieves smaller placement wirelength than ePlace and NTUplace3, two leading wirelength-driven placers. With the pervasive applications of Poisson's equation in scientific fields, in particular, our effective, efficient, and robust computation scheme for its analytical solution can provide substantial impacts to these fields.


International trade is major activity in most emerging market around the world. Main
activities that support international trade are export and import. PT X one of the
companies engaged in distribution business of High Speed Diesel (HSD). Most
activities of PT X involve with import of HSD and resell on retail based in domestic
market. Payment methods used by PT X in practicing their import of HSD based on
LC facility. However, PT X face couple main risks in their import activity, first is the
risk of exchange rate and the risk mismatch their cash flow collection, that will have
direct impact on their fund liquidity to meet their LC payment.
Currently, PT X have their liquidity problem backed up by TR facilities from issuing
bank TR as their bridging facility, has feature to delay the LC payment to supplier
with bank will stand to cover their payment. Moving forward, PT X will have liability
to bank as their cover action. Another consequence appeared based on bank action
will force PT X to pay TR interest as compensation from the bank cover action that
PT X will face the presence of a high-interest expense TR. The purpose of this
research is to explain some financing options that can be used by the company, to
findout the most efficient implementation and evaluate whether the company has
chosen the right financing option in making payments in import transactions. There
are other alternatives that applicable to minimize the risk of exchange rate changes
and the risk of collecting accounts receivable. The recommended alternative
financing option is to use TR USD, Telegraphic transfer, forward transactions and
method of supplier financing.
In measuring the efectivity of alternative financing options, writter was using the data
of HSD purchaces from June 2009 until Mei 2010 periode. Based to the calculation
result by using the suggested alternative dinancing options, hopefully PT X can
reduce the cost of HSD impor activity. According to the result based on observation
and research, it can be concluded that the best alternative financing options is using
Supplier Financing.


ABSTRACT: There is a growing need for water regulations in states traditionally managed by the riparian doctrine. Several states have passed water laws to control withdrawals from streams. Few, if any, however, have set up consistent and defensible methods for allocating water to users. This paper explores several methods for such allocations, examining each in detail and offering numerical examples that compare each on the basis of economic efficiency and effectiveness for maintaining critical stream‐flow standards. This work is part of a study to assess the vulnerability of Midwestern streams to climate change and, especially, surface supplied irrigation spawned by such climate change. The results suggest that it is possible to implement regulations that at once (1) are consistent with the riparian doctrine; (2) control the hydrological and ecological impacts of off stream withdrawals effectively; and (3) preserve the primary economic functions of those withdrawals, including minimizing economic risk. The results further suggest that trading of water permits improves the latter two objectives, but only if both the regulatory system and permit are well‐designed. On the other hand, in the absence of regulations, or under poorly designed regulations, streamflows, and therefore aquatic ecosystems, could be quite vulnerable.


Electricity load forecasting is an important prerequisite for ensuring the stability and reliability of regional power systems. Researchers have proposed many combined forecasting models, but most of them cannot capture the global characteristics of the data properly. To further improve the accuracy of short-term power load forecasting, this paper proposes a combined forecasting model based on long short-term memory (LSTM) and temporal convolutional network (TCN). For the electricity load data, the LSTM forecasting model and TCN forecasting model are first established, and then the output results of LSTM and TCN are weighted together according to the inverse squared error ratio to obtain the combined LSTM-TCN forecasting model. The LSTM-TCN model has more advanced model performance and its error is significantly lower than that of the single forecasting model and other classical network models. The results show that the LSTM-TCN model has higher accuracy in short-term load forecasting.


Summary When angiotensin II is injected into the cerebral ventricles of the rat, drinking and a short latency pressor response are produced. We have found that the pressor response has two components. The first component is always associated with angiotensin injections. The second component, however, is associated with drinking behavior. If water is not available, the second pressor component is absent. We have investigated this drinking-associated pressor response and find that it is not only seen when angiotensin is the stimulus, but also in normal or carbachol-induced drinking. The effect is not due to head position during drinking or hypoxia but it is mediated by the sympathetic nervous system since it is abolished by alpha-adrenergic blockage. We are grateful for the technical assistance of Judy Phipps and to Dr. J. Farber for advice. This work was supported by Program Project Grant No. HI07007 to W. E. H., NSF Grant No. BNS75-16364 to M. I. P. and Grant No. MRIS 7737.03 from the Veterans Administration to Phillip G. Schmid, M.D.


The authors report that incoming black students expressed significantly more interest than whites in four mainstream campus volunteer opportunities, and discuss the implications of this finding for student affairs professionals.


On May 24-25, 2002, a symposium was held at McGill University in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, during which scientists and expert clinicians presented 75 papers on the efficacy of overdentures for the treatment of edentulous patients. Strong emphasis was given to evidence from randomized controlled trials in which mandibular two-implant overdentures were compared to conventional dentures. A draft consensus statement was circulated to all presenters, as well as to subjects who participated in some of the clinical trials and other edentulous individuals who attended the symposium. The statoment was modified during the meeting in tight of their comments. We hope that the final version of the consensus statement will serve as a guideline for ctinioians and patients, and that it will stimulate discussion within and between professional organizations, heaith authorities, and thirdparty payers.


The magnesium complex (1) has been found to undergo fixation of carbon dioxide and the resulting 1-carboxylato-complex (2) transfers the carboxylato group to active methylene compounds (3) including acetophenone, benzylideneacetone, β-ionone, and S-benzyl thioacetate, under mild conditions.


Rapid construction of stable pH universal HER catalyst is of great significance. Herein, we report a one-step electroless deposition method to prepare carbon-based catalyst (RuPd/NPSC) with Pd and Ru nanoparticles...


The purpose of the experiment was to determine and compare the effects of recency of habituation of varied auditory, visual, and audio-visual stimuli on the perceptual investigatory responses of kindergarten children. Two delay intervals (5-minutes and 5-days) and three types of habituation (auditory, visual, and audio-visual) were studied. Factorial analysis of variance made it possible to analyze the independent and interactive effects of these variables on the investigatory responses of the children during 5-minutes of testing. The population of the study consisted of 144 children drawn from three church-related kindergartens in Greensboro, North Carolina. Thirty six of these children, with an equal distribution of boys and girls, were randomly selected from each kindergarten. Within each of these groups, subjects were assigned to six experimental conditions: (1) Short delay auditory habituation (SA); (2) Short delay audio-visual habituation (SAV); (3) Short delay visual habituation (SV); (4) Long delay auditory habituation (LA); (5) Long delay audio-visual habituation (LAV); and (6) Long delay visual habituation (LV). The remaining 36 children, with an equal number of boys and girls, were assigned to a "replacement" group. Children were randomly selected from the latter group to replace experimental subjects, who, for various reasons were unable to complete the experiment. The stimuli, varied sounds and color-pictures, were presented with a simple motor task in which pressing manipulanda (rubber bulbs) produced auditory and visual stimuli. Prior to testing sessions, subjects in the SA and LA groups were exposed to auditory stimuli; subjects in the SAV and LAV groups were exposed to auditory and visual stimuli; and subjects in the SV and LV groups were exposed to visual stimuli. Subjects in the SA, SAV, and SV groups had a 5-minute delay interval between the preliminary (habituation) sessions and testing sessions, whereas subjects in the LA, LAV, and LV groups had a 5-day delay between preliminary and testing sessions. All sessions were conducted in a cubicle, where the children were seated at a small table in front of a clown's face made of plywood. The number of bulb-pressing responses were recorded separately for each child during each minute of testing. These responses were designated auditory responses if they resulted in the presentation of sounds or visual responses if they resulted in the presentation of color-pictures. The original scores were transformed to visual preference scores by the following formula: VP = V j where VP is the visual preference score of a subject, V is the (V + A) frequency of his visual responses, and A is the frequency of his auditory responses. An analysis of variance for a 2 x 3 x 5 factorial design was performed on the visual preference (VP) scores of the 18 subjects in each of the experimental groups. The results of the analysis indicated: (a) there were differences in subjects' mean VP scores resulting from varied types of habituation; (b) there were differences in subjects' mean VP scores resulting from the interaction of amount of delay and type of habituation; (c) there were differences in subjects' mean VP scores resulting from the interaction of type of habituation and minutes of testing; (d) there were differences in subjects' mean VP scores resulting from the interaction of amount of delay, type of habituation, and minutes of testing. Additionally, single factor analyses of variance indicated that: (a) mean VP scores were greatest for subjects in the SA group, next greatest for subjects in the SAV group, and least for subjects in the SV group; (b) mean VP scores were greatest for subjects in the LA group, next greatest for subjects in the LAV group, and least for subjects in the LV group; (c) mean VP
scores were greater for subjects in the SA group than for subjects in the LA group; (d) mean VP scores were greater for subjects in the LV group than for subjects in the SV group.


Prions are epigenetic modifiers that cause partially loss‐of‐function phenotypes of the proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The molecular chaperone network that supports prion propagation in the cell has seen a great progress in the last decade. However, the cellular machinery to activate or deactivate the prion states remains an enigma, largely due to insufficient knowledge of prion‐regulating factors. Here, we report that overexpression of a [PSI+]‐inducible Q/N‐rich protein, Lsm4, eliminates the three major prions [PSI+], [URE3], and [RNQ+]. Subcloning analysis revealed that the Q/N‐rich region of Lsm4 is responsible for the prion loss. Lsm4 formed an amyloid in vivo, which seemed to play a crucial role in the prion elimination. Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy analysis revealed that in the course of the Lsm4‐driven [PSI+] elimination, the [PSI+] aggregates undergo a size increase, which ultimately results in the formation of conspicuous foci in otherwise [psi−]‐like mother cells. We also found that the antiprion activity is a general property of [PSI+]‐inducible factors. These data provoked a novel "unified" model that explains both prion induction and elimination by a single scheme.


not present a binary pair as a key to understanding Russian culture: the firebird and the fox are not exactly opposites, but rather complementary and ambivalent figures that are subject to constant reinvention and reimagining. Brooks's subject is the process of reimagining, which he shows as a neverending dialogue between high and low culture. This is also a dialogue between different art forms. Perhaps the book's most rewarding feature is that it examines print culture in the round: not just the words on the page, but the images that accompanied those words. Illustrators such as Aleksei Afanaś ev, Ivan Bilibin, and Nikolai Radlov deserve equal billing with the writers. The relationship between text and image (and music, which Brooks also discusses in places) may well prove to be another distinctive feature of the modern Russian cultural experience. To follow the logic of Brooks's earlier work, this might be seen as a consequence of Russia's late and accelerated acquisition of literacy; at any rate, it reflects the fact that the boundaries between high and low, and between different modes of cultural activity, were unusually permeable. Moreover, a text that is incomplete without its accompanying image or music lends itself to the irony that Brooks identifies as another hallmark of modern Russian culture.


The article deals with the development and application of software (software) «Solomka» for risk management of quality management systems (QMS). The problems and prospects of its application from the standpoint of management systems are highlighted. This topic will be of interest to specialists in the field of standardization and certification. The characteristic features of the application of the process and risk-oriented approaches in the construction and maintenance of management systems are highlighted and described. This article provides an analysis of user requirements for QMS risk management software, as well as a market research of proposals for similar software with a description of the advantages and disadvantages of each. This article provides an analysis of user requirements for QMS risk management software, as well as a market research of proposals for similar software with a description of the advantages and disadvantages of each. As a result of the work, the terms of reference for the development of software for risk management of QMS processes were substantiated, and user requirements for software were identified


Aim: This work has the objective to show how the technological development can allow an effective cooperation among different experts in the adult treatment. The virtual rendering allows the definition of correct spaces for the development and the creation of the implant site, rise the new cooperative opportunities. Materials and methods: Some patients who required the replacment of dental elements lost have been selected. The planning identified the need of an orthodontic therapy, which was refused by the patient. The proposal to use an invisible procedure has allowed us to reach a suitable prosthesic situation. Results: From our experience it turned out that the use the orthodontics supported by a virtual set-up is very usefoul to allow the patient to understand the importance of the treatment to create the ideal circumstances for the implantologist, and to facilitate the following prosthetic replacment. Conclusion: Currently technology allows us to achive some predictable performances. This has crested new opportunity for odontologist studies. The multi-disciplinary aspect of the treatment has reached an impressive development in case of adults patients. Today the new technologies and the development of the specialtiees allow to get excellent results in most of the cases. By streghtening these opportunities the patient will be allowed to get condition which facilitate the correct maintenance of his/her oral hygiene.


The purposes of this article are to analyze the motives and effects of vertical disintegration of the housing construction industry in Daegu metropolitan city. In particular this article examines the effects of vertical disintegration on the apartment selling price of the housing construction company. It is argued that the vertical disintegration of the housing industry has been primarily triggered by the development of upstream land market and caused by rising internal transaction costs of land in the housing construction firms. Also, the study demonstrates that the vertical disintegration increases the initial apartment selling price of the housing construction firms in terms of theoretical and empirical aspects. This study indicates that the main factor of the high apartment selling price is the double marginalization of the imperfect competitive housing market. On the other hand the excessive demand for land in the upstream market is argued to be a secondary factor. In the context of welfare issue the study indicates that the vertical disintegration of the housing market may decrease welfare of consumers as well as producers. Thus, it is argued that the vertical integration policy may be recommended by reducing internal transaction costs in the housing industry. However, the present disintegrated housing production market may be a supplementary system in which some unfavorable problems should be remedied.


: We tested the common assumption, made when expressing phosphorus export on an areal basis, that this export is a linear function of catchment area and found it wanting. The data show that in agricultural catchments, TP (total phosphorus) export varies as the 0.77 power of drainage basin area, resulting in a reduction in phosphorus delivery per unit area with increasing catchment size. Following further division of catchments according to agricultural practice, we found that this spatial scale effect is restricted to row crops and pastures. We present simple statistical models to allow a comparison of TP export from catchments of different size. Such models are not needed for nonrow crops, mixed agricultural and forested catchments, where TP export is a linear function of catchment size.


fireboat "issue" continued to inflame public and political opinion right up to the present day, with the retirement in 1986 for financial reasons of VFB #2. When there was no fireboat to attend the Coast Guard dock fire in 1990, there was a new push to solve the problem in a modern way. This involved the introduction of five small, well equipped and powerful boats docked in various locations around the harbour, manned by regular firemen and paid for by Vancouver and her neighbouring municipalities. Recent fires have proven that the system is not only cost effective, but efficient and successful. HarbourBurningis a valuableaddition to the literature on the port of Vancouver, whose full history has yet to be written. The author weaves events into a larger political and social context, and the book reads well. There are a few editorial lapses Greenhill Park is twice spelt incorrectly [62, 80] and St. Roch is incorrectly given an "e." [133] There are also some mis-spelt words affecting the meaning of a number of sentences, for example on pages 91 and 129. These, however, are less important than the regrettable absence of at least one map that could have helped readers, even those generally familiar with Vancouver's harbour, with a guide to the locations mentioned in the text. Such a map would have complemented the very useful chronology of major events. The photoplates, however, are excellent and well chosen. This is good narrative history, perhaps a little uneven towards the end and with rather too much time spent on the early years. Nevertheless the story is well told and it is good to see it written down. Fire, both the friend and foe of man, is always with us, and the wood and grain dust and chemical explosions of today are every bit as frightening and dangerous as the sawmill fires of a century ago. Each have demanded the heroic efforts of brave men to contain them; men whose deeds deserve to be celebrated.


The subcellular distribution of pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) was studied in mouse brain, as well as the effect of pyridoxal phosphate‐γ‐glutamyl hydrazone (PLPGH—a convulsant drug which decreases both PLP levels and glutamate decarboxylase activity [GAD] in whole brain) upon both the PLP concentration and the GAD activity in subcellular fractions. An electron microscopic evaluation of the subcellular particles of control and PLPGH‐treated animals was also carried out. The main findings were the following: (1) PLP was localized mainly in the supernatant and crude mitochondrial fractions; two‐thirds of the amount present in the latter were located in the subfraction containing pure mitochondria, and the remainder was in the synaptosomal fraction. After osmotic disruption of synaptosomes, PLP was found in both the intrasynaptosomal mitochondria and the synaptoplasm. (2) Treatment of mice with PLPGH decreased levels of PLP in several brain fractions, this effect being much more notable in the soluble fractions than in the particulate fractions. After osmotic disruption of the synaptosomes, a specific decrease of PLP in the synaptoplasm was observed. (3) Treatment with PLPGH produced also an inhibition of GAD activity in most of the fractions studied, when this enzyme was assayed in the absence of PLP. In general, the inhibition was greater in those fractions in which levels of PLP were also affected. In synaptosomes, this correlation between the decreased levels of PLP and decreased activity of GAD occurred only in the synaptoplasm. (4) The activation of GAD by PLP added to incubation mixtures was much greater in those fractions from PLPGH‐treated animals which displayed extensive inhibition of GAD, in comparison to the corresponding fractions from control animals. (5) No ultrastructural changes were detected in the subcellular fractions from treated animals. Our results show that the decreases of both the levels of PLP and the activity of GAD (as previously found in whole brain) actually occur in the synaptosomes, a finding that supports the hypothesis that the role of PLP in the mechanisms controlling excitability can be explained, at least in part, by its regulatory action on GAD activity, which in turn determines the rate of GABA synthesis at the nerve endings.


The 3-phase reactor superconducting fault current limiter (SCFCL) consists of three superconducting windings with the same number of turns, which are wound on a single iron core. In a normal condition, it is a good conductor with no impedance because the flux is zero in the iron core. However, under a single-line-to-ground fault, it becomes a reactor with large inductance suppressing the fault current, Furthermore, for two or three-phase short circuits, the reactance of the SCFCL keep zero but it is good for limiting the fault current by the abruptly increasing resistance of the superconducting winding. In this paper, its equivalent impedance under every operating condition has been concluded and the simulations of short-circuit current limiting performance of designed prototype were carried out. The results are in good agreement with the theoretical analysis.


S u m m a r y A common measure of penetration efficiency is given by the depth of penetration P into a semi-infinite target normalized by the original length of the projectile L. It has been known for over 30 years ~:hat P/L depends upon the aspect ratio L/D for projectiles with relatively small aspect ratios, e.g. 1 ~< LID <~ 10. This influence of LID on penetration is referred to as the LID effect. Although observed, the LID effect for large aspect ratio rods is not as well documented. Further, published penetration equations have not included the L/D effect for high aspect ratio rods. We have compiled a large quantity of experimental data that permits the quantification of the LID effect for projectiles with aspect ratios of 10 ~< LID <~ 30. Numerical simulations reproduce the observed experimental behavior; thus, no new physics is required to explain the phenomenon. The numerical simulations allow investigation of the fundamental mechanics leading to a decrease in penetration efficiency with increasing aspect ratio.