Summary
Security region-based power system operation guides operators in a fast and relevant decision-making process as to what conditions require operators' actions. The key to this approach is the manner in which effective attributes are extracted among the network's operating variables. This paper reconstructs the security region of power system with high information content. The security region of power system is constructed by means of the static security boundaries such as static voltage stability limit, generator output power limit, and transformer and transmission line thermal limits by increasing loading factor along various directions until these limits are violated. Then, the security region is described by means of effective features set that contain maximum information content. In this paper, nonlinear feature extraction techniques have been proposed to dimensionality reduction and relevant extraction of power system operating variables. Convex and nonconvex techniques of feature extraction are analyzed based on a mutual information index and generalization error. The simulation results on the IEEE 9-bus and the IEEE 118-bus test systems demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method for describing the security region by considering high information content.


Reaction mechanisms for the catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 by faujasite‐supported Ir4 clusters were studied by periodic DFT calculations. The reaction can proceed through two alternative paths. The thermodynamically favoured path results in the reduction of CO2 to CO, whereas the other, kinetically preferred channel involves CO2 hydrogenation to formic acid under water‐free conditions. Both paths are promoted by catalytic amounts of water confined inside the zeolite micropores with a stronger promotion effect for the reduction path. Co‐adsorbed water facilitates the cooperation between the zeolite Brønsted acid sites and Ir4 cluster by opening low‐energy reaction channels for CO2 conversion.


In this paper, the matrix lookahead transformation is developed to achieve fine-grain pipelining for Cordic based QRD-RLS adaptive filtering algorithm. Various implementation styles are proposed. They include pipelining, block processing, and incremental block processing. The proposed architectures can operate at arbitrarily high sample rates, and consist of only Givens and a few Gaussian rotations which can be mapped onto a Cordic based Jacobi specific dataflow processor.


1 - The AA. observed a case of gonococcal infection of kidney which they report with the necessary details, both from the clinico-surgical and bacteriological standpoints. 2 - In perusing the bibliography on the matter, they verified that gonococcal infections of kidney are rare, and very rare those which present proofs of thorough bacteriological identification of the gonococcus, such as was furnished in the present case, which should occupy the 15th place since the discovery of the germ by Neisser, 59 years ago. 3 - In the bacterioscopical examination of the urinary sediment and of the pus from the kidney the bacteriological proofs are constituted by the characteristic features of the colonies and cultures, followed by examinations of the smears, by fermentation tests for glucose and maltose, by sero-agglutination and gono-fixation. All tests were positive for gonococcus. 4 - The kidney does not favour the proliferation of the gonococcus, either thanks to the nature of its epithelium, or thanks to the secretion of substances which prevent the development of the gonococcus, or thanks to any other cause. Taking into consideration the frequency of gonococcal infections of the lower urinary apparatus, it was to be expected that also the upper one should be attained in a great deal of cases. 5 - As to the causes which predispose to such a secondary attack proceeding by the way of blood, of lymphatic current or by contiguity, uhle quotes the following: 1o - Congenital disorders, obstruction changes, mainly of the ureter; 2o - Calculi, tumors, etc.; 3o - Traumatisms followed by rupture and hemorrhage; and 4o - Previous pathological conditions not yet demonstrated. our case fits into the 2o paragraph. The kidney presented a malignant tumor and contained numberless calculi. 6 - After the removal of the kidney by surgical intervention, which passed of without accidents, the patient soon began to improve being discharged on cure from the Hospital. Up to the present date, nothing occurred which might arouse the suspicion upon the development of any metastasis of the tumor. By the way, the operation had been indicated by virtue of the infectious condition, prior to the detection of the carcinoma. 7 - Another interesting fact to be recorded is also that the lower urinary apparatus, in spite of the kidney being attacked by gonococcus, showed nothing in this respect, either before the operation, or after the patient's dismissal. 8 - As may be seen from the works of the centres where investigations are systematically performed, cases such as the present one although rare have to appear again at times, and therefore the bacteriological examination of cases of suppurating renal infections is always to be recommended.


Smartphone is a mobile phone that has features or high-level capabilities that are often in use like a computer. The presence of a smartphone can provide various benefits for its usersso that the public demand for smartphones is increasing and increasing. The purpose of thisstudy was to examine and analyze the effect of price variables (X1) and product variables (X2)on Samsung smartphone purchase interest variables (Y). This type of research uses descriptivequantitative approach. The population in this study is consumers who are interested and buySamsung smartphones at Samsung Store Plaza Marina Surabaya. The number of samplesdetermined was 100 respondents, the sampling method used was non-probability sampling bydetermining the sample using a purposive sampling technique. Data collection methodsthrough questionnaires. The data analysis tool uses multiple linear regression, with processingtools IBM SPSS Statistics 25. From the results of the study note that the price variable (X1) and promotion (X2)simultaneously have a significant effect on the purchase interest variable (Y) can be seen thatthe F-count (17,874)> F-table (3.09). Besides the price variable (X1) and promotion (X2) thereis also a partially significant influence on buying interest (Y). It can be seen that the pricevariable with a calculated value (4,405)> t table (1,985) and a promotional variable with acalculated value (t) 2,857)> t table (1,985).


Within the rapid development and innovation of nanotechnology, it is necessary to ensure its sustainable development and the safe use of nanomaterials (NMs). This is a fundamental issue when aiming to reduce the risks posed by NMs, which are already being released into the environment. Actually, the possibility of manipulating several characteristics of NM to enhance their functionalities may also constitute a key opportunity for a rational design of safer NMs. Following this rational, the present work aimed at assessing the influence of different functionalization of polyelectrolyte-surfactant NMs on its toxicity to aquatic biota. As these NMs building principle is based on the conjugation of two different compounds (polyelectrolytes and surfactants), allows a vast diversity in their design and also in their structural and functional properties. Therefore, meeting the goal a greener and sustainable nanotechnology, these materials constitute ideal raw material to promote a rational development of polyelectrolytesurfactant NMs that by maintaining their functional properties will also exert lower adverse effects in the environment. To attain the main goal, ten variations of sodium polyacrylate/ dodecyltrimethylammonium (NaPA/DoTA) NMs were obtained by changing the number of repeating units (m; 25, 70, 2000, 3000 and 6000) of NaPA (NaPAm; which was always at a concentration of 10 mM), the counterion of the surfactant (bromide-DOTAB or chloride-DOTAC) and the concentration of DOTAC (3, 5 and 7 mM). The lethal and sublethal toxicity of these NMs was assessed by exposing Vibrio fischeri, Raphidocelis subcapitata, and Daphnia magna to serial concentrations of each NM. The following endpoints were evaluated: bioluminescence inhibition, growth rate and cumulative mortality, respectively. As well, the physical parameters of hydrodynamic size, index of polydispersity, and zeta potential were measured for the highest concentration tested of each NM. In general, the obtained results showed that the NMs composed of DOTAC at a concentration of 3 mM exerted the lowest toxicity to the three tested species, while those composed of NaPA with 2000 repeating units (NaPA2000) were among the most toxic. Therefore, aiming a greener and sustainable development of nanotechnology, it is suggested that, for this type of NM, complexes formed by DOTAC (with the chloride counterion) at concentrations of 3 mM should be target to be developed.


Past joint efforts of the Mormon Church and the Catholic Church in the United States against the legalization of same-sex marriage have reinforced the impression that the Mormon and Catholic positions on marriage and human life ethics parallel each other. This article argues that the divide between the two churches on these issues is much wider than generally thought. I start by sketching two conditions under which Mormon and Catholic realms operate, namely, in the defining of doctrine and policy, and in leadership approach. It is a rough and short rendering of some characteristics and I acknowledge its incompleteness, but it helps explain the background for the divide. Next I compare respective positions on human life ethics. These pertain to the relation between sex and procreation, and to abortion, embryonic stem cell research, and euthanasia. In all of this, I consider only the official institutional positions, not the way individual Catholics and Mormons interpret and live these positions. The comparison shows that, on these issues, present-day Mormonism is more careful and compassionate than Catholicism, and more trusting of individual conscience. The Mormon approach, however, provides grounds for Catholics to denounce the Mormon Church as unreliable and even pernicious. These considerations lead to ref lections on the


A brief review of the current research on VINLEN multitask inductive database and decision support system is presented. VINLEN integrates a wide range of knowledge generation operators that given input data and/or knowledge create new knowledge. The central operator of VINLEN is a natural induction module that generates hypotheses from data in the form of attributional rules. Such rules are easy to understand and interpret because they directly correspond to equivalent natural language descriptions. This operator is illustrated by an application to discovering relationships between lifestyles and diseases in men. The conclusion outlines plans for future research.


Simple Summary This review explores the evidence for the effect of equestrian sports on equine welfare and highlights scenarios in which their welfare can be impaired and where efforts are being made to improve it. We discuss animal welfare as a complex and disputed issue, clarifying what it means and how it can be measured. We review many aspects of animal welfare risk to the life of equids used for sport from foal to retirement. This is followed by a unique analysis of the institutions and social processes influencing equine welfare, exposing the challenges faced by a broad range of stakeholders with differing ethics, attitudes and values. We conclude with recommendations to ensure good welfare for all equids used for sport in the UK and beyond. Abstract Equestrian sports, including racing (e.g., flat, steeple-chasing, harness or donkey derby); show-jumping; cross-country; dressage; polo; polocrosse; endurance; carriage driving; vaulting and hunting; are hugely popular in the UK, and they involve a significant number of people, both as participants and spectators, and tens of thousands of equids. In this paper, we discuss animal welfare as a complex and disputed issue, clarifying what the term means and how it can be measured. We review many aspects of welfare risk to equids used for sport, addressing issues encountered throughout their lives, including housing, feeding, veterinary intervention, shoeing, handling, training, breeding and equipment. This is followed by a unique exploration of the institutions and social processes influencing equine welfare. The institutional components comprise the rules of competition, the equids, attributes of the stakeholders and the space where participants strive to achieve a common purpose. We endeavour to untangle the most significant elements that create barriers or provide opportunities for equine welfare improvement. We expose the challenges faced by a broad range of stakeholders with differing ethics, attitudes and values. Evidently, there are many welfare risks to which equids used in sports continue to be exposed. It is also evident that significant improvements have occurred in recent times, but there remains a barrier to reducing the risks to an acceptable level. We conclude with recommendations regarding a process for change, involvement of stakeholders and management of knowledge to improve equine welfare that involves identifying and prioritising the risk factors and ultimately leading to interventions, further research and/or education.


We outline a new algorithm to solve coupled systems of differential equations in one continuous variable $x$ (resp. coupled difference equations in one discrete variable $N$) depending on a small parameter $\epsilon$: given such a system and given sufficiently many initial values, we can determine the first coefficients of the Laurent-series solutions in $\epsilon$ if they are expressible in terms of indefinite nested sums and products. This systematic approach is based on symbolic summation algorithms in the context of difference rings/fields and uncoupling algorithms. The proposed method gives rise to new interesting applications in connection with integration by parts (IBP) methods. As an illustrative example, we will demonstrate how one can calculate the $\epsilon$-expansion of a ladder graph with 6 massive fermion lines.


In complex areas of western China, near-surface structures often have varied lithologies, a big difference in the degree of weathering, steeply dipping formations, thick low-velocity layers (LVL), and severe rises and falls of the top interfaces of high-velocity layers. All of these factors make it difficult to build near-surface models, compute statics, and conduct quality control.


Seeking to fill the gap on research regarding the hospitality industry in relation to the environment, this article examines the environmental peculiarities of the tourism industry. Applying a single framework, the article analyzes the antecedents of organizations' perceptions of the environment by combining two theoretical approaches: institutional theory and the resource-based view. The study uses a structural equation model to analyze the data from 239 hotels in Spain. The findings show that a number of external factors (i.e., environmental regulation, stakeholders, and uncertainty) and internal factors (i.e., resources and capabilities) have different effects on managerial perceptions of the environment as a competitive opportunity. The study demonstrates that the attitude and perceptions of managers appear to be essential factors for investment in preventive environmental technologies. Among other findings, the study found that managers respond favorably to voluntary norms, rather than environmental legislation; stakeholder pressure seems to have a negative effect on managers' perceptions of the competitive opportunity inherent in sustainability; and the availability of complementary resources encourages managers' perceptions of sustainability as a competitive opportunity. These perceptions are behind the adoption of an environmental management scheme with a stronger focus on prevention strategies. The perception of this competitive advantage means that a manager is more likely to develop a proactive environmental management approach.


MEMS resonators offer attractive prospects in several application areas, including high-performance, low cost sensors, among several others. The performance of many resonant MEMS depends critically on the Q factor, and an important, poorly quantified contribution to the overall Q is the support loss. Additionally, the parameter space for the geometry can be of moderately high dimension, making FEA based parametric optimisation computationally inefficient. Thus motivated, a numerical method based on the Rayleigh-Ritz substructure synthesis using quasicomparison functions is developed, applicable to a wide and important class of beam resonators. It is shown to be highly efficient by comparison with classical FEA methods, facilitating a detailed examination of the support Q as a function of position in parameter space. Selected results are presented and briefly discussed, with particular attention given to convergence, computational efficiency and design optimisation. General design principles for multiply-supported framelike beam resonators are considered in the light of the results, and extensions to the modelling are briefly covered.


Carbonate minerals are ubiquitous in CM chondrites and formed by aqueous alteration in their parent body [1]. Previous studies have revealed a large variation in C isotope ratios of CM carbonates with δ 13 C values ranging from ~20 to ~90 ‰[e.g., 2,3]. However, the reason for this variability has remained poorly understood. Here, we conducted in-situ C- and O-isotope measurements by SIMS along crystal growth within single carbonate grains in Yamato 791198 (CM 2.4) to trace the change in δ 13 C values during aqueous alteration. First, we obtained color CL images of seven calcite (CaCO 3 ) grains with an FE-EPMA. Then, we measured O and C isotope ratios of the calcite grains with the CAMECA ims-1280HR. Typically, the isotope measurements were carried out on three different points for each calcite grain. Finally, we obtained quantitative chemical compositions and elemental maps of Mg, Si, Ca, Mn, and Fe of the calcite grains using the same FE-EPMA as that for the CL images. All grain analysed exhibit a clear zoning of Mn, Mg, and Fe. The zoning is well correlated with CL images. The heterogeneous distribution of minor elements and CL intensity likely reflects the crystal growth of these grains.


Academic resources have their unique characteristics, and they are important sources of information for teaching and research workers in universities. Too rich data resources make it easy for people to fall into the "information poverty" situation. In order to effectively promote the development of science and the library and provide services for users, it is necessary to increase the mass of information of digital library development and deep mining, extraction of information out of order relation. Using classification techniques, it can integrate the reader to the relevant literature, and provide data for consulting the literature acquisitioning work; Association analysis, can understand what books are often borrow these books in similar position, optimize the construction of collections.


Waveguide inscription by femtosecond laser into a glass has a complicated dependence on writing conditions, laser parameters, and glass composition. In this presentation, we will firstly focus on a new method based on a helical translation of a chalcogenide glass sample through the focal point and parallel to the laser beam. This original technique based on an inscription characterized by a negative Δn, consists in a clad writing. Under these peculiar conditions, a high symmetry of the guided mode is achieved. Next, inscription by laser filamentation that leads to a positive Δn modification due to appropriated permanent structural modifications and new geometry of the infrared waveguides will be presented and discussed.


A variable attenuation methods and a system for managing remote control of a relay including an attenuation device for managing the input signal level of the relay are provided to control the input signal level of the relay remote in case of receiving over input signal by installing the attenuation device inside the relay. A forward signal processing unit(133,143) outputs input signal, received from a base station, by amplifying and filtering the input signal. A reverse signal processing unit outputs the input signal, received from a service part, by filtering and outputting the input signal. Variable attenuating devices(132,142) attenuates the input signal received from a base station according to a attenuation value and outputs the signal to the forward signal processing unit. A relay controller(170) manages internal configuration data of the reverse/forward sign processing unit and controls the attenuation value of the variable attenuating device.


Abstract—Transmission shafts are affected by various forces, for example, during acceleration or sudden breaks, bending during transportation, vertical forces that lead to cuts. One of the main failures in combines is breaking shaft which repairmen refer it. Structural resistance of canal against torque is very important in the beginning of the movement. For analyzing stress, a typical sample from a type of combine was selected, called JD955 combine. Long shaft in this combine was analyzed with finite element method by Ansys13 generic package under static load. Conducted analysis showed that there is a maximum stress in contact surfaces of indentations and also in place of changing diameter. Safety factor value is low in parts of the shaft and this increases the probability of failure at these points. To improve the conditions with the least cost and an approach of product improvement, using alternative alloy is important.


Education is a key driver to effective water conservation, water quality awareness and behavior impacts, all top priorities for Florida's stressed water resources. Population growth (estimated at 25% by 2020 to 21.8 million) means Florida will need 26.4% more water—an additional 9.1 billion gallons of fresh/potable water every day. Methods to protect water resources must take a variety of approaches starting with raising awareness.


The effect of kallikrein (240 KE/weekly im or 600 KE/daily orally) on the sperm count sperm motility and sperm morphology was investigated in 27 patients with pathological ejaculate findings. Kallikrein was administered over a period of 9-12 weeks. A significant increase in sperm motility was observed in patients with awthenospermia. No influence was noted on the ejaculate findings in patients with oligospermia. Interference between the kallikrein-kinin system and sperm motility is postulated.(Authors modified)


Aim: Growth arrest specific-6 (Gas6) is one of the most recently discovered proteins in the vitamin Kdependent protein family and is the ligand of TAM receptors (Axl, Tyro3, and Mer) from the receptor tyrosine kinase family. The TAM receptors have significant effects on homeostasis and inflammation as well as cell proliferation, survival, adhesion and migration. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether there are differences in the levels of Gas6 and Axl in patients with hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. Materials and methods: In our study, 28 patients who admitted to the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic diseases, who were diagnosed with hypothyroidism and who have not yet begun treatment, have been diagnosed with hyperthyroidism and have not yet There were 21 patients who had not started treatment with 25 healthy people as control groups. Plasma Gas6, Axl and TAC levels were measured in the research Laboratory of the Department of Biochemistry at Gazi University Faculty of Pharmacy using commercial kits. Results: Plasma Axl levels of patients with hyperthyroidism were found to be significantly higher than healthy control group (p <0.05). There was no significant difference in plasma Gas6 levels between the groups (p> 0.05). TAC levels of patients with hypothyroidism were significantly lower than the control group (p <0.05). Similarly, TAC levels of patients with hypothyroidism were significantly lower than patients with hyperthyroidism (p


The wandering in brazilian culture its a complex phenomenon and can be observed radically in the case of highway wanderers: individuals that walking on foot and without a destination throughout the highways with a sack on the backs where they carry all their meager belongings. This paper aims to reflect about the exclusion of highway wanderers in social assistance public policies whose analysis focus is the text of 109 Resolution published in the Union Official Diary on November 25 th 2009 that approved the national standardization of social assistance services in Brazil under coordination the Social Assistance Unified System.


This paper presents an explicitly solved model of wealth distribution in an infinite-horizon incomplete-markets economy. The agent aims to hold a target level of wealth in order to partially buffer income shocks. The notion of buffering suggests that the agent's wealth is less skewed and less fat-tailed than his income in the long run. Infinite-horizon setting implies that the cross-sectional joint distribution of wealth and income is equal to the long-run joint distribution of an individual's wealth and income. Therefore, infinitehorizon models imply that cross-sectionally, wealth is also less skewed and fat-tailed than income, just the opposite of the empirical evidence. This paper also provides an analytical consumption rule and a recursive formulation for the moments of the joint distribution, which allows us to completely characterize the joint distribution of wealth and income in closed form. One implication of this paper is that a life-cycle model is necessarily the first step towards a more realistic model of wealth distribution. JEL Classification: D91, E21


If non-trivial estimate double sums is found of the form where primitive Dirichlet characters modulo and the number is cubefree.


SUMMARY Mount Kilimanjaro, located in Tanzania, is the highest mountain in Africa. Furthermore, this dormant volcano is the highest " stand-alone " (it has an almost perfectly shaped volcano form) and " walkable " (it is not necessary to use special climbing equipment) mountain in the world. Located on the plate boundary between Somalia and Victoria tectonic blocks, Mount Kilimanjaro started to be formed about 750000 years ago being currently constituted by three major volcanic cones, Kibo, Mawenzi, and Shira. The first reaches approximately 5900m. In the past, several attempts were carried out to observe the precise height of this mountain. In 1952, the British Ordnance Survey did the first determination of the height of Uhuru peak (the top of Kibo volcano) by triangulation points over distances of more than 55Km. The computed value was 5895m. In 1999, a first attempt to apply spatial techniques (GPS) has been done and a new value of approximately 5892m was obtained. However, the observations were obtained using single-frequency receivers and the EGM96 global model was used to convert from ellipsoid height to orthometric height. This was a major issue since the uncertainties associated with this model for this region were of several meters. In order to reduce the uncertainties in the determination of the height of Mount Kilimanjaro, a new mission was carried out in October 2008. was combined with gravimetric observations. The gravimetric observations were necessary in order to construct a local geoid with sufficient accuracy. Three teams carried out observations during 10 days, with two teams carrying gravimetric around and in the mountain, whereas a third team was doing GPS observations on the top of the mountain. This presentation will focus on the description of the adopted methodologies that were used to accurately observe the ellipsoidal heights and to compute the local geoid. In order to validate the results, different groups processed the GPS observations using different software packages and different strategies. Similar procedures were applied to the geoid computation. The computed surface is also compared with the one obtained using global models, in particular the recently released EGM2008 model.


Since the early 1980s the question whether Universal Grammar (UG) plays a role in second language acquisition has been extensively debated. Several views can be distinguished. According to Bley-Vroman's (1990) Fundamental Difference Hypothesis, L2 learners do not have access to UG. The Full Access Full Transfer Hypothesis (Schwartz & Sprouse 1994, 1996) states that L2 learners transfer their L1 grammar in the initial state of L2 acquisition, but that their interlanguages can be characterized in terms of UG parameters distinct from those found in L1. According to the Full Access (No Transfer) Hypothesis (Flynn & Martohardjono 1994, Flynn 1996, Epstein et al. 1996, 1998), the initial state of L2 grammars is not L1. According to Platzack's (1996) Initial Hypothesis of Syntax, the initial state of L2 grammars is UG. Ionin's (2003) study on the acquisition of the English article by Russian and Korean L2 learners is an attempt to show that L2 learners have Full Access to UG. Ionin shows that these learners, who do not have articles in their L1, fluctuate between two parameters in their choice of the article in English: the definiteness parameter (present in the L2 grammar) or the specificity parameter (an UG option present in languages distinct from their L1 or L2). Since these learners base their choice on the specificity parameter in part of the cases, Ionin argues that they still have access to UG. Russian and Korean learners of English have to reset a parameter and to set a parameter concerning the article. They have to reset the article/no article parameter (and pass through an initial state in which they transfer the no article parameter from their L1) and they have to set the definiteness/specificity parameter. Ionin's study concerns the setting of the last parameter. The Russian and Korean L2 learners of English cannot transfer this parameter from their L1. In this paper we investigate whether learners who can transfer the setting of the definiteness/specificity parameter from their L1 also fluctuate between the definiteness and the specificity parameter in their choice of the L2 article, which could provide even stronger support for the hypothesis that L2 learners have access to UG. We studied the acquisition by Dutch L2 learners of Arabic, both definiteness-based languages, to see whether their interlanguages presented specificity effects. The paper is organized as follows. In section 2, we discuss the definiteness and the specificity parameters, and their setting in Dutch and Arabic. In section 3, we present our hypothesis, our research and the results. In section 4, we discuss our results. Finally, in section 5, we summarize the conclusions.


Aluminium is the most abundant metallic element and the third constituent of the earth's crust. Because of its physical and chemical properties, aluminium has a wide variety of uses 1) in medicines in the duodenal and gastric ulcers treatment and 2) in industry such as building, transportation, food packaging, cooking utensils, food additives, medicines, cosmetics, water purification,... but this element has been implicated also in the etiology of several neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease. The aim of this work is to study the intracellular localization of aluminium in the lactating mammary gland cells after its intraperitoneal injection to female rats using the conventional transmission electron microscopy.


The Oscillating Parabolic Mirror of 'Beamflicker' was designed by Dr. Richard W. Tinus, Supervisory Plant Physiologist, USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experimental Station, Flagstaff, Arizona. With his idea, an economic greenhouse lighting system was developed and patented, U.S. Patent #5095414. The Beamflicker uses a stationary 400 watt high pressure sodium arc bulb. The parabolic mirror rotates 180 degrees around the bulb to produce intermittent lighting every minute throughout the night. This one bulb can replace up to 88 incandescent bulbs in a 40 x 100 foot greenhouse over different sections of a growing area. The lighting intensity of the Beamflicker varies greatly depending on the distance from the bulb. The light intensity varies from 1.3 (mu)mol m(exp 2)/s feet from the bulb to 52.5 (mu)mol m(exp 2)/s directly beneath the bulb. A year long study involving light intensity and many species will be concluded in July 1994. These research results should be published within the next year.


The study aims to investigate the effect of traditional radiotherapy on cancer cells and normal cells near the tumor. This study aims to investigate recent advances in radiation therapy using high-energy targeted radiation doses for tumors with low radiation effects on normal cells near tumors or without radiological effects on normal cells. A study of five breast cancer patient's was taken. Three breast cancer patients had treatment by traditional radiation therapy. The other two patients were treated with modern radiation therapy. Traditional radiation therapy can affect patients with breast cancer in areas such as the spinal cord, heart, liver, and lungs. Treating the right side of the breast will impact the patient's liver and right lung. Treating the left side of the breast will have an impact on the heart and left side of the lung.


PRC is a systems integrator, a company which builds information{ systems (based on relational databases) for federal, state, and local governments. Our database designers generally use rules of thumb, supplemented by readily available tuning guides, to tune a physical schema. Prudent database designers also perform benchmarks prior to operational turnover to monitor performance and identi~ bottlenecks in the database before the users do it for them. However, performance questions can't be addressed by benchmarking until after the hardware has been purchased and installed, and testing has begun. Consequently, it is often the case that the new information system can initially suffer serious performance problems when contrasted with the legacy system being replaced. Moreover any denormalization introduced this late in the development cycle will force software applications to be modified and regressiontested as well. This is expensive and timeconsurning, and may require a hardware upgrade — affecting both the program budget and the customer's satisfaction with the system integrator!


Single Ventricle (SV) was a terminology for a condition when one of the ventricles is hypoplastic or absent. These patients often require a series of procedures to provide effective palliation. Surgical therapy commits the single ventricle to the delivery of oxygenated blood to the systemic circulation and deoxygenated blood is directed to the pulmonary circulation bypassing the ventricle. There are three phases of palliation procedures: (1) placement of shunt, (2) Bidirectional Glenn Shunt and (3) Fontan procedure. There are different physiologies in each phase. With improved surgical techniques and medical care, SV patients are living longer. Many SV patients appear in need of anesthesia for routine general and obstetric procedures. Anesthesiologists, general practitioners, and subspecialists alike increasingly may encounter the patient with SV physiology.


Eugene Braunwald (Figure (Figure1)1) is often called the father of modern cardiology, as he was the first to define the pathophysiology of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and to demonstrate the salvage of ischemic myocardium following coronary occlusion. The full interview, with many more stories about performing in the opera and his seminal research discoveries, can be seen on the JCI website, http://www.jci.org/kiosk/cgm.


BACKGROUND
The aim of this article was to examine, whether middle-aged and older adults spontaneously engage in proactive coping to prevent future problems associated with ageing and whether differences in proactive coping were associated with socio-economic status (SES).

METHODS
As part of the cross-sectional Second Dutch National Survey of General Practice (DNSGP-2, 2001), a representative sample of 3189 adults aged 50-70 years filled in a questionnaire measuring proactive coping. In addition, data were collected regarding the three main components of SES, namely educational level, income and occupational status, as well as participants' health status.

RESULTS
We found that higher SES, especially with respect to income and education, was positively associated with proactive coping. This relationship was not moderated, but was partially mediated by physical health problems.

CONCLUSION
People with higher income and higher educational level used more proactive coping strategies in their daily life to offset potential problems associated with ageing. Physical health status partially explained the SES-differences in proactive coping. It seems that people with lower SES undertake less future-oriented activities as a result of the fact that present health problems require attention and drain resources.


The introduction to a special theme focus on Hermann Levin Goldschmidt's thought, this article briefly situates his central work Contradiction Set Free in the context of the time of its publication before it introduces the papers that examine the book from various perspectives to highlight its significance for a critical approach to philosophy today.


The invention discloses a self-adaptive hydraulic servo system of an axial force of a foundation pit steel support, comprising a plurality of hydraulic proportion servo control sub-systems. Each of the plurality of hydraulic proportion servo control sub-systems controls a plurality of lifting jack steel supports. The hydraulic proportion servo control sub-system comprises a proportion overflow valve, an electromagnetic directional valve and a pressure sensor. An electromagnetic directional valve is correspondingly connected with a lifting jack steel support. A pressure sensor correspondingly detects the pressure of a lifting jack steel support. When the pressure of the lifting jack steel support is less than the set pressure value, the proportion overflow valve controls the electromagnetic directional valve corresponding to the lifting jack steel support to load and push to the lifting jack steel support and enable the pressure of the lifting jack steel support to increase the set pressure value. When the pressure of the lifting jack steel support is greater than the set pressure value, the proportion overflow valve controls the electromagnetic directional valve corresponding to the lifting jack steel support to unload and retract to the lifting jack steel support, and the pressure of the lifting jack steel support is reduced to the set pressure value.


Grand Hotel, Rome; additional copy of published letter from Jobe; August 2000. Letter begins: I have succeeded in getting time; PAW 10/4/12 (transcription note)


This essay is a call for research on the role of information and communication technology in distant lands. I address the globalization of science as a process by replacing the concept of development with the idea of reagency, a process of redirection involving a contingent reaction between identities. I focus on the Guest, an identity that assumes particular importance in relation to Hosts in Africa, Latin America, and Asia. Following recent work that stresses the dependence of knowledge production on places, the Guest House is introduced as an architectural structure that crystallizes and reinforces a Guest/Host relationship that has developed during the aid era. The advent of the Internet offers the possibility of a change in the structure of science, with the inclusion of researchers in distant lands as full participants in global scientific communities. The principal issue is whether the connectivity initiative centering on the Internet is just another development program, like so many others that have come and gone, or whether it is different in character. Three empirical research questions are posed to assist in examining this question. A minor thread throughout the essay explains the author's romantic interest in the subject, and his transition from a phony donor to a real one.


Alcohol intoxication was detected in the immediate history of 277 (49%) of the 560 consecutive seizure patients brought to the emergency room of Meilahti hospital in Helsinki during the course of a year, most of these patients being young men of working age. The alcohol‐provoked seizures occurred mainly on Sunday and Monday, following the weekly pattern of alcohol consumption in Finland, and preceded delirium tremens in 21 patients (4%). Even short periods of intoxication (1–2 days) provoked seizures. The data indicate that among patients with a previous history of recurrent alcohol‐withdrawal seizures, new treatable diseases of the CNS, especially acute brain injuries, are frequently encountered. Therefore, all seizure problems, not neglecting those of alcoholics, should be carefully examined.


At least 6 genera of bacteria were isolated and identified from the oral cavity of tarantulas. Species identified included Bacillus subtilis, B. cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P. fluorescens, P. cepacia, P. spp., Aeromonas hydrophila, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Micrococcus varians, M. mucilaginosus , and Staphylococcus aureus . Some coryneforms and some members of the family Enterobacteriaceae were also isolated.


The paper integrated the Geographical Information System with Cellular Automata (CA) and made use of VB and ArcGIS as development tools to design and implement the system of forest fire spread in Inner Mongolia Region. It realized the simulation of the 2D forest fire spread based on CA and visualization of the 3D real-time images transmitted from the fire site. In the 2D simulation process, combing the physical model and CA model and considering the factors affecting the forest fire, such as the meteorological, terrain and fuel type in order to more realistically simulate the spread of forest fire. At the same time, finding the short path to the fire site for fighter during the forest fire. By the analysis results, the decisionmakers can make the scientific and effective fire extinguishing decisions.


PurposeA critical step in influencer marketing is influencer outreach, where a brand reaches out to an influencer and forms a partnership. Yet little is known about how factors related to this process might influence the outcomes of sponsored posts. To address this gap, the authors investigated whether, how and when the order of influencers' product use and brand outreach (i.e. use/outreach order) affects post persuasiveness.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted three experimental studies. Studies 1 and 2 examined the effect of disclosure type (use-first, outreach-later vs. outreach-first, use-later vs. no disclosure) on consumers' responses to the post. Study 3 investigated the moderating effects of compensation disclosure type.FindingsThe results revealed that when the influencer used the product before (vs. after) being contacted by the brand, consumers had more favorable attitudes about the product and greater purchase intention upon reading the sponsored posts; perceived information diagnosticity mediated this effect. However, this tendency was mitigated if the influencer disclosed the specific monetary payment from the brand.Originality/valueThis research advances understanding of sponsorship disclosure and provides a way to manage its impact on message persuasiveness.


We study the evolution of magnetic fields in turbulent hot plasma of the early Universe accounting for the chiral magnetic effect. The magnetohydrodynamic turbulence is modeled by replacing the matter velocity in the advection term in the Faraday equation with the Lorentz force. The system of the kinetic equations for the spectra of the densities of the magnetic helicity and the magnetic energy, as well as for the chiral imbalance, is derived. The amplification of the magnetic field is shown to result from the presence of the chiral magnetic effect solely. The system of the kinetic equations is solved numerically in primordial plasma after the electroweak phase transition. The inuence of the matter turbulence on the magnetic field evolution is examined for different seed magnetic fields.


The invention discloses a ceramic resin composite bonding agent grinding wheel and a preparation method thereof, comprising the steps as follows: step I, a resin bonding agent, a grinding material, filler, and a pore forming agent are subjected to compression molding, and sintering is conducted at the high temperature of 700 to 850 DEG C so as to form a ceramic grinding wheel; step II, the resin bonding agent is dissolved by acetone or alcohol, a curing agent is added therein so as to blend resin bonding agent liquid; step III, the resin bonding agent liquid prepared in step II is put into a rubber mold, simultaneously, the ceramic grinding wheel is put into the rubber mold, the opening of the rubber mold is sealed, and the sealed mold is put into a cold isostatic press for pressing; step IV, the resin bonding agent grinding wheel subjected to processing of step III is put into an oven for roasting. The ceramic resin composite bonding agent grinding wheel not only keeps the original characteristics of a resin bonding agent diamond grinding wheel that the grinding efficiency is high, and the self-sharpening property is good, but simultaneously has the advantages of a metal bonding agent diamond grinding wheel that the rigidity is high, the heat resistance is high, and the molded surface is kept well.


Donkey-hide gelatin,one of the traditional Chinese medicine with distinguished curative effects,has been applied for a long history in China and the market need is greatly increased yearly.The donkey skin is the basic raw material for donkey-hide gelatin.The donkey breeding has a long history and through a long-term natural and artificial selection,abundant germplasm resources with unique local varieties have been generated.Different donkey variety has obvious differences on morphological characteristics,adaptability,growth characteristics,etc.In this paper,we collected and sorted out the donkey varieties all over the country and summarized their regional distribution,morphological and fertility characteristics,etc,so as to provide references for excellent varieties breeding,the standardized cultivation,furthermore,to improve and stabilize the donkey hide yield and quality,and promote the sustainable development on donkey breeding and donkey-hide gelatin industries.


In 2007,comparative education researchers make a further study on the discipline construction of comparative education.The scholars focus on such issues as follows: the trend of contemporary international comparative education study,the development of comparative education in crisis,the knowledge system of comparative pedagogy,the construction of comparative education methodology system,the construction of comparative education society,the development of the discipline,the curriculum arrangement and talents cultivation of comparative education discipline.The report,based on 32 articles about the discipline construction of comparative education published on such publications on education as Education Study and the main publications special on comparative education as Comparative Education Study,Studies in Foreign Education and Global Education View,makes a review on the forefront and hotspot issues on the discipline construction of comparative education in 2007.


The effects of daily amputation of a mass of protozoan cytoplasm have led to somewhat conflicting results.'JJ4 However, the concept has arisen from these studies that an organism could be kept from dividing, perhaps indefinitely, by daily amputations of a critical quantity of cytoplasm. The removal of this quantity of cytoplasm would disturb the critical cytoplasmic-nuclear ratio and the organism "would be forced to" regenerate the lost cytoplasm prior to division." I n Blepharisma undulans, a ciliate species, it was previously found in this laboratory that such daily amputation could not suppress division.' The present studies were undertaken in an attempt to repeat the previous studies on B. undulans and also those of Amoeba proteus since this species was most successfully used to show that division could be inhibited.5J1 ,14


This paper focuses on tacit and explicit knowledge conversion as conceptualized by Nonaka and Takeuchi (1995). They consider knowledge conversion process as a four-step spiral that consists of socialization, externalization, combination and internalization. These concepts are used to present the Dashboard, a decision support tool, that supports the conversion of multi-domain expert knowledge in such a way that nondomain experts (e.g. top managers) can understand, internalize, combine explicit expert knowledge to inform their decisions. The Dashboard approach to knowledge conversion supports (1) the representation of domain expert knowledge targeted for nondomain experts; (2) the integration of domain expert explicit knowledge with (formalized) tacit knowledge of nondomain expert; (3) complex problem modeling and solving by nondomain experts; and (4) the reuse of the newly generated tacit knowledge.


Background.
 Despite growing availability of electronic health records (EHR) and interest in using health IT (HIT) applications within EHR's to support clinical care, little is know about the factors associated with successful implementation of HIT applications. We evaluated the national implementation of the VA Clinical Assessment, Reporting and Tracking (CART) HIT system.

 Methods.
 The VA CART system is a clinical application embedded in the VA's EHR that supports point of care procedure reports based on American College of Cardiology data standards, device surveillance, and real-time national quality of care oversight. CART was successfully implemented at the 75 VA cardiac catheterization hospitals, and remains in full clinical use for all sites. We evaluated the overall time for implementation and the four consecutive stages in the process (Initiation, Installation, Training, Clinical Use). We used Cox Proportional Hazards regression to evaluate the associations between full implementation time and urban location, academic affiliation, geographic region, size, and whether implementation was initiated before or after a memo of senior leadership support was issued.

 Results.
 CART was implemented at the 75 VA hospitals over 6.25 years, with a pattern of diffusion typical for successful HIT implementation based on prior studies (Figure 1). Median time per site for implementation was 14 ± 17 months (IQR 7, 33). Initiation, Installation, and Training stages exhibited relatively little variability in duration per site (Md = 2 ± 9, 4 ± 7, 2 ± 6 mos), while there was higher variability in the time required for full Clinical Use (5 ± 11; IQR 2, 14). In multivariable analysis, sites that initiated implementation after the senior leadership statement had significantly faster implementation (HR 0.49, 95% CI 0.29-0.83, P=0.008).

 Conclusions.
 The CART system was successfully implemented nationwide, achieving full use in the 75 VA cardiac cath labs. The final stage, full Clinical Use, took the longest and was most variable by site. These results reinforce that successful HIT implementation does not end with technical installation and training, and must support clinical use as part of routine care delivery. Our results also reinforce the importance of senior leadership support for HIT implementation to support clinical care. [[Unable to Display Character:  ]]


This paper focuses on radar target identification using support vector machines (SVM). The radar features used in this study are impulse response features representing the down range profile of the target as seen by stepped frequency radar. The purpose of this paper is to shed additional light on the benefits of SVM in radar target identification (RTI) under various scenarios of adversity that are commonly addressed in the RTI literature. This paper attempts to maximize the performance of SVM in RTI but does not introduce new SVM kernels, or SVM training methods. The focus is on defining the rewards of SVM in target identification assuming a classifier that is presented with time domain signatures representing the target impulse response at a certain azimuth angle. In particular this paper focuses on assessing the SVM classifier performance in different scenarios, which are discussed in this paper


Still, it is precisely the text's openness and effort at connection that pose significant problems. One is the problem of organisation, of the transformation and coordination of local struggles within a wider movement. Given the immense powers of the enemy, interstitial politics often runs the risk of remaining isolated, a local and thereby recuperable practice; and Pignarre and Stengers (purposefully) offer us few clues as to how such politics can move beyond the local level. Another and more pressing problem is that despite the authors' efforts to the contrary, the text does not escape its Eurocentric bias. This is visible not only in its preference for Seattle (1999) rather than say Chiapas (1994), for many the opening that made Seattle possible; or in the extensive discussion of neo-pagan witch movement, which overlooks the significantly homogeneous racial composition of the witch circles. At its most concrete, the problem resurfaces in the uncritical pairing of lesbian feminist of colour Audre Lorde and Gilles Deleuze in the same paragraph. (108) To claim that "thought, for Deleuze, poses the same problem" as Lorde's explicitly decolonial "the master's tools will not dismantle the master's house" should raise more than a single eyebrow, in light of analyses such as Spivak's, Karen Caplan's and Christopher Miller's on the persistence of colonial tropes in Deleuze and Guattari's nomadology.


the perspective of the administrative structures set up in Mongolia, Xinjiang, and Tibet, it appears that both the ideology of 'manifest destiny' reflected in the official compilations and semiofficial historiography of the Qing period, and the modern notion of China as a timeless union of many 'nationalities', have obscured the tensions and internal contradictions inherent in the process of Chinese empire building.1 The inadequacy of these historical narratives suggests the need to examine more closely a number of important issues that affect all empires and enable one to compare Qing China with its European contemporaries. Among these issues are: how Qing dominion was established and maintained; the place of colonized territories and peoples within the spectrum of Chinese political and social institutions; how and to what degree colonized societies changed under Qing rule; and how the international position of China was affected by its ability to expand. Through a military and civil administrative organization known as the 'banner' system, the early Qing emperors began a 'nation-building' project intended first to unify the Manchu clans and subsequently to incorporate Mongol and Chinese subjects and allies.2 With the exception of a few privileges reserved for the Manchus, the Qing did not promote ethnic discrimination, although ethnic classification remained an operating principle throughout Qing society and government. During the second half of the eighteenth century, the Qianlong emperor commissioned a series of monumental works that were meant to portray the history of the dynasty as the orderly union of peoples under a common political canopy, represented by the royal house. Thus, by the end of the eighteenth century, two essential dimensions of modern China's national identity its territorial boundaries and its ethnic composition had already taken shape. By and large, later Western observers took China, as an historical abstraction, always to have been what it had become by the late eighteenth century: a multi-ethnic and multicultural union of peoples who lived in one of the largest land empires in history. The image frequently evoked by Western writers to describe the beginning of China's modernization was,


The extraction medium was changed into HNO3 solution based on the procedure of the extraction of thorium by PMBP from uranium irradiated with 14 MeV neutrons and thorium was extracted two times with PMBP. Iˉ carrier and NaNO2 solutions were added into back-extraction solution of 4 mol/L HNO3 and Brˉ carrier was added into the solutions used for Fe(OH)3 precipitation. Using the improved procedure thorium was separated from the nature uranium bombarded with 60 MeV/u^18O ions. It can be seen from the γ spectrum of the thorium fraction that the most of the production elements can be removed and especially bromine and iodine can be removed completely through the improved procedure.


The aim of the study was to assess the in vitro effect of quercetin and epigallocatechin gallate on the membrane fluidity of mononuclear blood cells isolated from patients with an inflammatory profile (chronic hyperglycemia and rheumatoid arthritis). The measurements were performed via the evaluation of the fluorescence anisotropy for cells labeled with TMA-DPH. Chronic hyperglycemia does not impair the membrane anisotropy, as rheumatoid arthritis does. Quercetin had no significant effect on rheumatoid arthritis cells. Epigallocatechin gallate had a stronger effect, improving the membrane fluidity characteristics for both hyperglycemia and rheumatoid arthritis patients.


Reason for implementation: The ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide (ICE) regimen showed effective salvage therapy in pediatric solid tumors, however, acute and cumulative hematological and renal toxicities result in treatment delays, dose reductions, and/or early termination of therapy. Adult studies of amifostine given as a cytoprotective agent resulted in reduced cumulative toxicities. The response to amifostine in children and adolescents is being tested. The


The span of writer identification extends to broad domes like digital rights administration, forensic expert decision-making systems, and document analysis systems and so on. As the success rate of a writer identification scheme is highly dependent on the features extracted from the documents, the phase of feature extraction and therefore selection is highly significant for writer identification schemes. In this paper, the writer identification in Malayalam language is sought for by utilizing feature extraction technique such as Scale Invariant Features Transform (SIFT). The schemes are tested on a test bed of 280 writers and performance evaluated.


Effect of concentration parameters on recovery of zinc oxidized minerals from lead flotation tailings of Dandy mineral processing plant in north-western Iran was studied. A sulfidization-flotation method has been used on a laboratory scale to investigate the effect of various reagents such as sodium sulfide as sulfidizing agent, primary amine as collector, dispersants and flocculants with different concentrations to reach an optimum zinc recovery. Among the dispersants tested, hexametaphosphate gave a higher zinc grade 40.4% and 70% recovery. Usually de-sliming is used to increase the recovery of zinc, however, analyses have shown that fine particles in the sample mostly contain zinc, thus de-sliming is not suggested.


A system comprising a first (S) and a second (M) antenna rotary operating in a mismabanda radiofrequency board naval uniades, wherein the rotation speed of the primeraantena (S) varies, to prevent the two antennas They illuminate each other simultaneously, providing complete coverage dichosistema.


Archives are the memory of society and the states and known as the kitchen of the historians. They usually serve to historians and other researchers but in context of learning history they also can to serve teaching history. The Ottoman Achieve is one of the institutions that contribute to teaching history. Ottoman Archives' contribution to teaching history will be discussed in this study. The study includes five guiding experts' feedback about student groups' visit and their experience in the Ottoman Archives exhibition site. The study designed as a qualitative research and a semi-structured interview form used as data collection tool. According to the results guiding experts stated that the visits which organised under the guidance of history teachers within the framework of a plan in advance are becoming more efficient.  Students who know to read Ottoman writing are more concerned and they seem more satisfied after the visit. The sections that attract students are Ottoman modernization, firmans and berats which have an attractive manuscript. Teachers from different branches, the indifference of the students and the lack of Ottoman Turkic writing knowledge are the main problems that have been identified regarding the visits to the exhibition area


The growing importance of the service economy during the last 40 years has raised the need for new tools for designing and managing services. As a result, several authors have developed service classification systems, in order to better understand the nature of service operations and provide methods and tools to improve service efficiency and quality. This paper exploits the work resulting from service classification systems and identifies the principal attributes to be considered in service management. The tool introduced for this purpose is the Service Attribute-Process Matrix (SAPM), which uses selected results from existing service classification schemes to investigate the importance of the significant service attributes to major processes of the service life cycle.


When radio communication between the electronic device or an electronic device, while suppressing an increase in power consumption and increase in circuit scale of, for performing radio communication parameter setting. A signal generating unit (107) and a first set value processing unit (7100) provided on the transmission side transmission path connected to the front stage unit (108), and the signal generating unit (207) and a second setting value processing unit (7200) provides in the subsequent stage receiving-side transmission path connection unit (208) in the. A signal generating unit (107) and a signal generating unit (207) performs a predetermined signal processing based on the set value. A first set value processing unit (7100) for generating a signal means (107) is a predetermined set value input to the signal generating unit (107), a second set value processing unit (7200) for a signal generating unit (207) a predetermined set value input to the signal generating unit (207). Set value is not dynamically changed according to the environmental change, the parameter calculation circuit can be reduced, and reduction in power consumption without wasting environmental change parameter calculating circuit used in the absence of the device under conditions occur.


Objective: To study the effect of activation of tolllike receptor 3 and 4(TLR 3 and TLR4) in human bone marrowderived mesenchymal stem cells(BMMSCs) on secretion of IL10,IL12 and IL6. Methods: The RTPCR method was used to detect whether TLR 3 and 4 were expressed in BMMSCs cultivated in vitro. After the BMMSCs were incubated with different doses of POLY or lipopolysaccharide(LPS),the supernatants were collected and the contents of IL-10,IL-12 and IL-6 were detected by ELISA. Results: Overexpressions of TLR3 and TLR4 mRNA were found in BMMSCs. Compared with control group,the IL6 in POLY group was increased significantly(P 0. 05),and was more in 0. 025 g / L group than that in 0. 0025 g / L group(P 0. 01). The IL-10 was decreased significantly(P 0. 01),and was less in 0. 25 g / L group than that in 0. 025 g / L group(P 0. 05). However,the IL-12 was not affected. Compared with the control,the IL6 in LPS group was increased significantly(P 0. 01),while the IL-10 and IL-12 were not affected. Conclusion: The TLR3 and TLR4 mRNA are over-expressed in BMMSCs of healthy donors. The secretion of IL-10 and IL-6 in BMMSCs could be affected by TLR3 activation,while that of IL-6 could be affected by TLR4 activation. The secretion of IL-12 in BMMSCs is not affected by TLR3 or TLR 4 activation.


In an effort to safeguard rangelands from encroachment by neighboring ethnic groups, national elites, and the state, Maasai from southern Kenya have been privatising collective holdings. This has led to widespread land sales, exclusion to critical grazing resources and a disrupting of pastoral production systems. While reports from different communities focus on outside acquisitions by land speculators, national elites, and even foreign entities, privatisation has also given rise to a much more intimate form of exclusion: young Maasai, who are officially excluded from tenure decision making, grapple with enclosure in the wake of this dramatic tenure change. Young people's perspective on and experience with tenure reform has been neglected in local, academic, and policy debates. Historical and cultural assumptions of the child as incompetent and that young people lack interest in rural matters has contributed to a view that their participation in land planning is unnecessary. A study by Caroline Archambault shows however, that many young Maasai in the community of Elangata Wuas are not only interested in rangeland tenure issues but appear to be heavily vested in maintaining rangeland-based livelihoods. A series of essays on privatisation from pupils in Standard 7 and 8 revealed that while many view privatisation quite favourably and see it as an important means to facilitate a new, modern form of pastoralism, like most adults, they fear land sales, dispossession, and con#ict.


The psychological factors of police official offence are kinds of pyschological elements which affect and control the police when they do the official offence.They are also the inner factors which promote the crime occurrence.The factors include bad demands,crime motives,deviated sense on value,improper tendency on sense,diabled self-adjustment,extreme emotion,passive feeling and bad personality.The above psychological factors play differerntly in the course of crime.Some of them play a dominant and decisive role in the crime occurrence.Some of them play an effecting and restricted role.


To evaluate the role of intravitreal bevacizumab on visual function and retinal thickness in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME). The study was conducted at SRMS IMS, Bareilly, U.P. from 1st January 2015 to 30th December 2015. The study included 37 eyes of 28 patients with DME. Complete ophthalmic examination, including best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), stereoscopic biomicroscopy, and retinal thickness measurement by optical coherence tomography (OCT), was done at baseline and at each follow-up visit. All patients were treated with 0.05 ml intravitreal injection containing 1.25 mg of bevacizumab. All patients completed 3 months of follow-up. The mean BCVA at baseline was 0.889 ±0.111 logMAR, which significantly improved to 0.176±0.349, 0.088±0.238 and 0.088±0.309logMAR at 1 week, 1 month and 3 months. The mean central retinal thickness was 321±113.46 μm at baseline and decreased to 247±90.73, 235.5±95.452, 230.5±92.543 μm at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months. No adverse effects were observed. Intravitreal bevacizumab injection resulted in significant improvement in BCVA and central retinal thickness 1 week after injection in patients with DME, and this beneficial effect persisted for up to 3 months.


A reduction in working hours tends to alter the weight of various factors affecting choice of residence. Leisure becomes more important and travel between the city and the surrounding courtyside therefore increases. The first effect of a reduction in the working week is that journeys to work and to school become concentrated and shopping and leisure travel increases. The medium and long-term population shifts will increase the dispersion of leisure traffic.


To improve the efficiency of university innovation and entrepreneurship education, this paper constructs an innovation and entrepreneurship information sharing platform based on data mining classification algorithm. And tested the platform, in the experiments, the data acquisition time interval of 100 and 600 seconds and the training set size, the length of the big data distribution and the width of the intelligent scheduling symbol are 2100 ms and 0.15 ms. The experimental results show that the data mining algorithm based on user feature data can reduce the sparsity of the user evaluation matrix to a certain extent. The sparsity of the traditional data mining algorithm is about 86.3%, and the matrix sparsity is reduced to 71.2% after the improved algorithm. With the gradual increase of user data, the data processing capabilities of innovation and business data sharing platforms are also increasing. Through testing, it is found that the currently selected data mining algorithm and its optimization steps are effective, which can be improved based on the traditional data mining algorithm to help the recommendation system to produce better results. Data mining classification algorithm plays an important role in college students 'innovation and entrepreneurship, and further promotes the upsurge of college students' innovation and entrepreneurship.


The review of applications of machine training methods to inorganic chemistry and materials science is presented. The possibility of searching for classification regularities in large arrays of chemical information with the use of precedent-based recognition methods is discussed. The system for computer-assisted design of inorganic compounds, with an integrated complex of databases for the properties of inorganic substances and materials, a subsystem for the analysis of data, based on computer training (including symbolic pattern recognition methods), a knowledge base, a predictions base, and a managing subsystem, has been developed. In many instances, the employment of the developed system makes it possible to predict new inorganic compounds and estimate various properties of those without experimental synthesis. The results of application of this information-analytical system to the computer-assisted design of inorganic compounds promising for the search for new materials for electronics are presented.


Multi-target measurement is a difficulty all along in range test.Especially for sub-guided multi-warhead missile,cluster bombs and other new weapons,the scattered bullets from them often have characteristics such as small RCS,high density and high speed,which pose a severe challenge to the measurement equipment of conventional weapon range.To deal with this problem,a high resolution imaging radar system is introduced in this paper.The system operational principle and the main specifications design method are presented.The performance is evaluated according to the static test and dynamic test result,which preliminarily shows the system's effectiveness.


All the deficiencies of other methods of dewatering may be corrected to a certain degree if the dewatering is accomplished only by mechanical means, for example by compression of the flotation concentrate or charge after the addition of oil to intensify the process. The positive results of reduced moisture in the charge will be obtained as in drying by thermal means. The main difficulties in using the compression method are related to the necessity of creating significant pressures (up to 1500 kgf/cm/sup 2/) and the low capacity of the existing presses. However, if this method is used to dewater only the wettest part of the coal charge - the flotation concentrate - which comprises only 19.5% at the washeries of coke plants in the Ukraine, and oil is added to intensify the process at reduced pressures, then the compression method is feasible with consideration of the necessity for improving labor conditions and the increasing demand for coke. The possibility of using this method to dewarformance data are presented for the Aylmer annual storage solar heated apartment building and compared with predictions using the hourly computer program. The concept of a lumped thermal network for predicting heat losses from in-ground heatmore » storage tanks, developed earlier in the project, has beethe cased-hole log data from various companies and additional comparison factors were calculated for the cased-hole log data. These comparison factors allow for some quantification of these uncalibrated log data.« less


Chronic kidney failure is a disease with a global prevalece of height. The high incedence of chronic kidney failure requires special care to improve the quality of life is the state where a person feels compertabel and saitisfied in everyday life, including physical, emotional, social and spiritual functions. Limitation of all activities, both physical and psychological, is often the cause of the decreased quality of life of patients with chronic kidney failure. This article is a systematic review that discusses the quality of life of patients with chronic kidney failure. The search for articles was carried out during2 months (April-June 2020) by the author's team through google scholar and pubmed using several appropriate keywords such as: Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL), Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), Hemodialysis and Kidney Disease Quality of Life.Original research articles that discuss QoL of CKD patients and published in the 2010-2020 period are inclusion criteria. PRISMA diagrams (Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews) are used to assist in the selection of articles that fit the established inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results of the systematic review showed that as many as 87 articles were screened according to the study of the abstract and title. The team of authors obtained 38 articles according to the inclusion criteria, while the other 49 articles were exclusion criteria. This systematic review shows that the quality of life in patients with chronic kidney failure is decreasing in various domains. Patients experience decreased quality of life in term of finances, work, physical limitions, mental and social roles.This situations is exacerbated if the patient is undergoing hemodialysis therapy. Physical limitations is the worst domain and has the lowest score compared to other domains. Older age, comorbid diabetes mellitus, higher stage of CKD and longer durataion of haemodyalisations according to influnce the quality of life of chronic kidney failure.


In a 3-year experiment on a typic Haplustert low in soil test sulfur (S), residual effects of S applied to either soybean or wheat in a soybean–wheat system were measured for seed yields, recoveries of added S, and changes in the soil test S. Sulfur as gypsum was applied at 5 rates (0–80 kg S/ha) to soybean and 4 rates (0–60 kg S/ha) to wheat during the first year. In subsequent years the residual effects were studied in relation to fresh application of 40 kg S/ha to each crop. Seed yields of soybean and wheat were increased significantly by the application of S to each crop. The rate 80 kg S/ha applied to soybean showed residual effects in 2 succeeding crops, while 60 kg S/ha applied to soybean or wheat showed residual effect in only 1 succeeding crop. The S applied to wheat was more effciently utilised than that applied to soybean in rotation. The rates 53 and 70 kg S/ha (calculated via regression equations) applied to soybean gave 90% of the seed yield of freshly applied S at 40 kg/ha in the succeeding wheat and soybean crops, respectively, and 57 kg S/ha applied to the wheat crop gave 90% of the seed yield in the succeeding soybean crop. The recoveries of added S were greater with smaller rates of added S and were greater in the first 2 residual crops. Soil test S was adequate only in the first year and fell below critical level in the subsequent cropping period. Cumulative S uptake determined the levels of available S in the soil.


C program design is one of the important basic computer courses, in the teaching process, the main problem in the student is purpose of the study not clear, lack of initiative, lack of programming thinking, poor practical ability. In view of the above problems, with the experience of teaching, proposed some of the teaching methods and made a number of suggestions, in order to get better teaching results.


A normal clearance of immune complexes (1C), measured as phagocytic index, was observed in C57L/J mice 10 min after one dose of ' s I—1C. Similarly, tissue uptake of radioactivity (percent of dose) was within normal limits when evaluated 15 and 120 min after injection. Daily dose of 1C (for 5 days) or pretreatment of mice with amniotic fluid containing alpha-fetoprotein (MAF/AFP) reduced significantly (p <0.01) both phagocytic index and percent of dose at 15 min when only one dose of 1C wasgrven.-Conversely, at 120 min the percent of dose in liver and kidney was incresed (p <0.01). In untreated mice the percent of dose was low at 120 min. Pietreatment with AFP-poor MAF had no effect upon clearance or percent of dose. Multiple injections of 1C induced mesangial hyperplasia and infiltrationwith polymorphonucleai and mononuclear leukocytes. Distinct granular-nodular fluorescent deposits developed in mesangium and peripheral capillary loops which correlated well with the electron dense material localized in mesangium. Pretreatment with MAF/AFP decreased significantly or prevented these lesions. Pretreatment with AFP poor MAF did not modify the inmunohistopathology. These previously unreported effects of MAF/AFP may represent inhibition of the reticuloendothelium. It is postulated that the increased radioactivity detected at 120 min may reflect reduced degradation of 1C as opposed to increased uptake. (


The ISPOR/SMDM guidelines for best practices in decision model transparency and validation, published in this issue, provide a solid scientific foundation for lively conversation about these important topics. No model should be approached imprudently, and these recommendations ably outline necessary components of critical appraisal. Still, there is much more to this topic: more to say about decision models and their purpose, more to consider about transparency, and more to do before we reach the point at which decision makers can reasonably determine whether a given model is ''valid enough'' for their purposes.


Mastering academic trends is requirement for technical journal editing,and the ways for young editor to improve their professional skills.During the process of academic information obtainment,analysis and integration,young editor can play their advantage of learning ability,cumulate professional knowledge,learn retrieval technique for sci-tech information,improve specialized english level,train ideation and insight,and improve their abilities in topic selection,solicit contributions and copy edit.These abilities enable them to keep the general goal in sight while taking hold of the daily tasks in running a periodical,and grow into excellent journal editors progressively.


The following essays in this special feature were originally presented in 2012 at an international conference on "Race, Ethnicity and Publishing" organized by the Laboratoire d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Monde Anglophone (Aix-Marseille Universite) and sponsored by the McNeil Center for Early American Studies (University of Pennsylvania). As co-organizers and scholars in American Literature and American Studies, Sophie Vallas and I had certainly not anticipated the international scope of th...


A gate drive that uses forced commutation to switch on the main device is described. The fundamental limits of the drive are pointed out, including minimum off-time and maximum on-time. The results of a loss analysis performed on the drive are presented. Experimental results show that the efficiency of the drive is exceptionally high when compared to conventional gate drives, and measured turned-on times of a zero turn-off thyristor are extremely low.<<ETX>>


: The accurate reproduction of high valued parts, such as archaeological findings, is a very complex and sometimes painful procedure [1-3]. The procedures that are being used especially for the reproduction of archaeological findings include, if it possible, disassembly and reproduction of the parts through a copy cast. These procedures often produce damages or wear to the original part. The main goal of the present paper is to set up a new procedure for reproduction of small size archaeological findings thought laser scanning and rapid prototyping techniques [4-8]. For these reason a combination of color rapid prototyping machine (Color 3-D printer, Spectrum Z510), high accuracy laser scanner (Konica Minolta VI-9I - 3D Laser Scanner) and special software were used within the frame of a new approach in order to reproduced accurate copies with a number of different casting materials. The whole procedure was separated in three different processes and corresponding objectives. First topic was the accurate laser scanning of simple or complex geometries by means of the high definition laser scanner. The high accuracy and the adequate for the specific purpose specifications of the laser machine, and of course gained experience of the user, were very important parameters for the creation of the solid model of each selected object. As second topic was the creation of difficult details by using special abilities of the laser scanner in combination with special software. These parameters were very helpful for modifying all the complex details of the solid model and textures. Finally the third topic was the production of the archaeological findings and moulds by means of the color rapid prototyping machine. During the construction of each mould, parameters such as materials cost, time and appropriate mould creation for casting were investigated. The final construction of each different copy was examined with respect to the original geometry, size and shape. The whole procedure was established as a unique process that is very helpful for the accurate reproduction of any small size archaeological finding using the technology of rapid prototyping, laser scanner and the appropriate use of special software.


Herein, we investigate the electrochemical conversion of methane to CO2 on platinum electrodes under ambient conditions. Through a combination of experimentation, density functional theory (DFT) ca...


We have measured the frequency response of InP/ InGaAsP/InGaAs photodiodes with separate absorption, "grading," and multiplication regions (SAGM-APD's) for a wide range ( 2 \leq M_{0} \leq 35 ) of dc gains. The results are explained in terms of a theoretical model which incorporates the transit time of carriers through the depletion region, the RC time constant, the accumulation of holes at the valence band discontinuity of the heterojunction interfaces, and the gain-bandwidth limit.


In this paper, we propose a novel switching scheme for hybrid free-space optical (FSO)/radio frequency (RF) system considering decode-and-forward (DF) relaying in a dual-hop (DH) scenario. For such a scenario, when direct link between source and destination exists, selection combining (SC) scheme is assumed at the destination. Specifically, the system transmits over FSO channel as long as the instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the FSO receiver is greater than the threshold SNR. If it falls below the threshold, then the system switches its transmission over RF channel. Moreover, log-normal and Nakagami- m distributions are used to characterize FSO and RF links, respectively. The exact theoretical expressions for cumulative distribution function (CDF), probability density function (PDF) and outage probability are derived in closed-form and validated by Monte-Carlo simulations. Additionally, by using MATLAB integration function, the evaluation of average bit error rate (BER) is performed. Finally, to confirm the efficiency of the proposed switching scheme, the performance of the hybrid FSO/RF system is compared with the performance of the FSO system.


A mosque  (masjid)  serves  not  onl y  as  a  place  to  perform worship,  religious study,  education,  healthcare  service,  zakat  (tithe)  to Islam  adherent,   but  also  as  a multifunction   tourism  destination.   This research  aimed  to  analyze  a  thousand-mosque  island  constituting  the identity  of  Lombok  as  halal  tourism  destination. Mosque caretaker, tourist, and Sasak ethnic community in Lombok were units of analysis in this qualitative study with case study approach. Data were collected through observations, in-depth interviews, and documentaries,  and then processed and analyzed using Lynch's city identity. The result of research showed that  when  staying  in  Lombok  tourists  feel  like  in  Arabian  Peninsula because  almost  90%  of  its  populations  are  Muslims,  there  are  about 3,822 mosques  including  the historical  ones affected  with Hindu culture and wooden bedug (drum) or new ones with respective peculiarity, Middle  East  typical  architecture  with  Arabian,  China,  and  Lombok typical ornaments just like dome with batik Sasak Mbojo Sumbawa, tenun Lombok,  and  Arabian  calligraphy  designs.  In many mosques in Lombok, jamaah (worshippers)  usually recite sholawat before prayer time. Tourists can pray and enjoy the mosque as religious tourist attraction. Local government developed sharia-compliant economy and preserved Islamic local culture as the icon.


The present invention relates to an avionics system of an aircraft comprising: - a heart module (10) comprising a plurality of generic applications (11 to 1n) - an additional module (20) separate from the heart module (10) and comprising a plurality of main additional applications (21a, 2ma), - a generic exchange interface (30) of data between said heart module and the additional module, the additional module (20) comprises two software entities (I, II), separate, respectively a first software entity (I) wherein the plurality of main additional applications (21a, ..., 2ma) is implemented and a second software entity (II) wherein at least one auxiliary additional application (21b, ..., 2kb) is implemented, each auxiliary additional application being associated with at least one major additional application whose execution requires the execution of said surcharges app ntaire auxiliary, the additional module further comprising a specific exchange interface (60) data between said two bodies (I, II). The architecture of the additional module including segregation of two software entities (I, II) enables updating independently and at different software levels, these two entities.


Twenty states and several cities have adopted their own EITC programs, typically piggy-backing on the federal EITC by offering benefits equal to some designated proportion of the federal benefits. In all but four states, the state EITC is fully refundable, just like the Federal EITC. Using the example of Delaware, which adopted a non-refundable EITC in 2006, I show the peculiar distribution effects of such a policy. Roughly the lower income half of the EITC recipient population is ineligible for the Delaware non-refundable EITC. Married couples and both single-parent and two-parent families with less than two children also often lose eligibility and/or a substantial portion of benefits. The average benefit received by Federal EITC recipients falls by almost two-thirds. It is likely that these impacts of EITC non-refundability results would hold in other states considering such a policy.


Noroviruses are usually detected in stool specimens. Such samples commonly contain components reported to be (RT-) PCR inhibitors as well as the main inhibitory substance is the reverse transcriptase enzyme itself. This study provides a complex overview of the influence of RT systems, on the efficiency of PCR to detect Norovirus in stool specimens. The efficiency of three commonly used reverse transcriptases, namely Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus (M-MuLV), Avian Myeloblastoma Leukemia Virus (AMV) and Improm II reverse transcriptase (RT), have been compared to RT-PCR. The study used total RNA extracted from the same stool sample, no bias could therefore be attributed to sample preparation or host individuality. All amplification reactions were run using starting material from the stock, 1/10, 1/100 and 1/1000 cDNA dilutes.
 In the results, Improm II yielded very weak bands, in the presence of the stock cDNA and completely failed to amplify DNA in the presence of the 1/10, 1/100, 1/1000 cDNA dilute. Whereas AMV yielded bands in the presence of the stock and 1/10 cDNA dilute and M-MuLV yielded bands in the presence of the stock and all cDNA dilutes.


Light extraction efficiency of organic light emitting diode (OLED) was enhanced by attaching a thin film with inverted‐pyramid texture onto a glass substrate. Two groups of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films with differently shaped inverted‐pyramid texture were fabricated by a simple transferring imprint approach, and their effects on light extraction of OLED were studied. We found out that the light extraction was affected mainly by the inclination angle rather than size of inverted‐pyramid, which was explained by the classic ray theory as well. Besides, the textured film brought hardly changed emission spectrum and wider viewing angle of the OLED.


The desire to understand the essence of leadership has interested researchers and scholars for most of the 20th century. In their efforts to find an "accurate and precise" definition of leadership, thousands of studies have been published in the last several decades alone.


This research focuses on the major issues that weigh upon a hotel companys decision to implement cloud computing. In this study there was a random selection done for 15 hotels (5 hotels five stars chains, 5 franchised hotels 3 and 4 stars and 5 local hotels). The aim of this paper revolves to (I) Study and analyze the major issues have an impact on hotel companys decision to move to cloud computing. (II) Test the current benefits and implementing cloud computing in the hotel industry. (III) Test the positive and negative issues in adopting cloud computing. In additions, this type of technology is so new for the Middle East specifically in Saudi Arabia and GCC (Gulf Cooperative Countries), where the hotel industry is growing so fast and it is required a new technology to go along with it. The results showed that excluding the hotel chain which use clouding partially, the other 10 hotel of the sample either franchise or local do not implement this technology due to not having knowledge or they are not sure of the cost because of changing from system to another.


Seong Beom Choi, Myung Ki Kim, Young Beom Jeong, Jong Kwan Park, Hyung Jin Kim, Young Gon Kim From the Department of Urology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Institute for Medical Sciences, Jeonju, Korea Post-traumatic arteriovenous fistula (AVF) and pseudoaneurysm are rare, and mostly occur in stab wound patients. Suspected AVF and pseudoaneurysm requires angiography, with planned simultaneous embolization. Superselective embolization is generally a safe and effective treatment modality for AVF and pseudoaneurysm with minimal associated morbidity. Rare complications of the embolization do occur, including renal abscess, postembolization syndrome, impaired renal function, pulmonary embolism caused by migration of coils, and allergic reaction. We present here the case of a man who presented with a newly discovered pseudoaneurysm after embolization of a renal AVF with pseudoaneurysm after a renal stab wound. (Korean J Urol 2009;50:816-818) 󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏


Mucosal tissues lie at the interface between the body and the external environment and are continuously in contact with tremendously high numbers of commensal microorganisms (Fig. 1). They are thus exposed to innocuous antigens as well as to potential pathogens. To provide the necessary immune defense to such challenges, and to maintain immunological homeostasis, the mucosa-lined respiratory, digestive and reproductive tracts are equipped with mucosaassociated lymphoid tissues (29). The mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues consist of two types of specialized inductive sites, namely the organized mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues and widely spread effector tissues (22, 31). The organized mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues include Peyer s patches, the appendix and the tonsils. The widely spread effector tissues include the diffuse epithelial and lamina propria regions of mucosal tissues and exocrine glands; lymphocytes are widely distributed in these effector regions. The fundamental nature of mucosal immunity develops through the appropriate recognition, response and adaptation to countless foreign antigens in the environment, including molecules that are beneficial, innocuous, or harmful for the host. These target antigens for mucosal immunity are derived mainly from commensal microorganisms, food and other innocuous antigens, and are occasionally derived from pathogens. The development of appropriate mucosal immunity is important for the maintenance of health and for protection from various inflammatory and infectious diseases. Thus, mucosal immunity must be poised to launch an effective attack against pathogens, yet the immune response must be limited to avoid collateral damage to mucosal tissues. Recently, numerous studies have begun to reveal that this delicate balance is maintained in part by mucosal regulatory T cells (25, 32).


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The object of the paper is Dirac system with antiperiodic boundary conditions and complex-valued conditions potential. A new method is suggested for investigating spectral properties of this boundary problem. The method is based on the formulas of the transform operators type. It is rather elementary and simple. Using this method asymptotic behaviour of eigenvalues is specificated and it is proved that eigen and associated functions form Riesz basis with brackets in the space of quadratic summerable two-dimensional vector-functions since eigenvalues may be multiple. The structure of Riesz projection operators is also studied. The results of the paper can be used in spectral problems for equations with partial derivatives of the 1-st order containing involution.


Monitoring training sessions is a key aspect for team sports. This study presents and applies a tool for improving the coach's qualitative analysis of the technical and tactical content. The goal of this study was to compare the coach's subjective evaluation of players' actions in training with the objective evaluation. The tool was applied to analyse two complete weeks of training of the competitive phase (including matches) of a volleyball team from the Spanish men's first division. The study's variables included: a) type of task, b) type of technical action carried out in the task, c) degree of fulfilment of the objectives in the exercises, d) coach's perception, and e) degree of agreement between what is perceived and what is actually carried out. A descriptive and inferential analysis of the data was done. In this sample, the differences between the subjective perception of the coach and the objective recording of the efficacy demonstrate the need for training processes to be constantly monitored and the need for a specific plan for observing and analysing the training processes to increase the quality of the work that is carried out. The benefits, limitations, and usability of the tool are reviewed in the article.


The existence of incommensurate structures proves that crystal ordering is not always the most stable one for nonquantum matter. Some properties of structures which are obtained by minimizing a free energy are investigated in the Frenkel Kontorova and related models. It is shown that an incommensurate structure can be either quasi-sinusoidal with a phason mode or built out of a sequence of equidistant defects (discommensurations) which are locked to the lattice by the Peierls force. In that situation the variation of the commensurability ratio with physical parameters forms a complete devil's staircase with interesting physical consequences. Some general results for all structures which minimize a free energy are given. In addition to the known crystal and incommensurate structures, the existence of a new class of structures which have local order at all scale is predicted. Properties of the new class are described in physical terms and possible applications to certain amorphous or nonstoichiometric compounds are discussed.