There is an increasing need of innovative housing methods to secure sustainable housing stocks as the environmental preservation becomes a social issue and the housing supply ratio is improved. In order to maintain housing stock, there has to be a shift from identical plans and construction methods for mass production to houses of individualism which responds to various and changing needs of dwellers. In this regard, the ramen structure has become popular owing to the growth of remodelling market, and construction companies tend to adopt flexible type multi-family housings to increase sales by appealing to their customers. However, there is a lack of domestic studies on the building components for the change of structure. As a result, further studies may have to be based on the foreign cases. This study provides the fundamentals for developing a detachable 'Infill Component'(partition wall and built-in wall) though case studies of the movable infill system developed in Japan, where a few researches on building components have been conducted. By reviewing Japanese movable light-weight partition wall system and by showing a direction of easy assembly and detachability, this research introduces the infill system acceptable to the end-users who may want to remodel the interior to meet the changing needs by the stage and the style of their lives. The advantages of partition walls used in Japan are they are easy to assemble and construct, they can be easily disassembled and the components are reusable, and studs hold wiring and the wiring is also easily changeable.


The judicial independence and media supervision are two basic elements of modern democratic and institutional countries.The goal of judicial independence is the pursuit of judicial justice;the media supervision has the value for promoting the judicial independence,judicial open and judicial justice,but simultaneously there are conflict between the media and the justice.This article analyzes the judicial independence,media supervision and their relationships,and proposes to establish more perfect legal framework.


We study amplitude-squared squeezing in interaction of coherent light with a nonlinear Kerr medium modelled as an anharmonic oscillator with interaction Hamiltonian H = ½ λ a+2a2, where λ is proportional to χ(3) of the nonlinear medium and a is annihilation operator for the interacting field. We find the squeezing parameter S ( τ, r) in terms of a dimensionless interaction time τ = λ t and Kerr parameter r, which is product of, τ and the average number of photons and obtain almost complete amplitude-squared squeezing (i.e., S ≈ 0) for very small interaction time and very large intensity of the interacting light. We optimize squeezing parameter S ( τ, r) by an analytic estimation assuming high intensity of the interacting light and realistic values of Kerr nonlinearity following J.Bajer et al. [Czech. J. Phy. 52, 1313 (2002)] and obtain a scaling law for optimal amplitude-squared squeezing with minimum value Smin, at r = rmin for a given τ. The validity of the scaling law is checked numerically and analytically in the region of realistic values of Kerr nonlinearity and intensity of the interacting light.


Abstract The determination of time-dependent reaction coefficients in free boundary heat transfer problems is numerically investigated. The additional data which provides a unique solution is given by the Stefan boundary condition and the heat moments. The finite difference method with the Crank-Nicolson scheme combined with a regularized nonlinear optimization is employed. The resulting nonlinear system of equations is solved numerically using the MATLAB toolbox routine lsqnonlin for minimizing the Tikhonov regularization functional. A discussion of the choice of regularization parameters is provided. Numerical results are presented and discussed.


This paper describes the green production technology of extracting diosgenin with enzyme.The effects of enzyme amount,temperature,PH,solvent were discussed to arrive at the best diosgenin production process conditions,and improve the production rate,and promote comprehensive utilization of waste residue from the diosgenin production,saving resources and protecting the environment.


Ultrasonic teclmiques have been used to directly and non-intrusively measure the circulation of free surface vortices. All experiments were performed in a vertical cylindrical tank with a central drain and a tangential inlet The circulation was measured on a closed triangular path by measuring the difference in upstream and downstream transit-times. Circulation was measured as a function of the Reynolds and Froude numbers and was found to increase as the Reynolds and Froude numbers increased. The circulation was also found to be proportional to the square of the ratio of the drain diameter to cylinder diameter while the ratio of fluid depth to cylinder diameter was held constant. Minimum surface elevations were measured at various conditions and attempts were made to correlate them with measured circulation. Background Nomenclature The rotating flow that is formed when a container C .. speed of sound is drained is an example of a free surface vortex. The d drain diameter size and strength of such vortices is an important D .. cylinder diameter consideration in many engineering applications such as Fr ... Froude Number'" Y/(gH)tf2 fuel and liquid transfers at various gravity levels, the g gravitational acceleration draining of storage tanks or fuel draw down in rockets, h ... vortex dimple (air core) depth at the inlets to pumps and piping systems, and in H .. fluid depth in the cylinder hydraulic structures and fluid machinery. 1·6 L length of ultrasonic beam path The free surface vortex is a complex, three Q volume flow rate through system dimensional, viscous flow field with unsteady axial, Re .. Reynolds Number" Yd/v radial, and tangential velocity components that vary Tlin .. downstream transit-time spatially. A relatively stable vortex can be formed in T~ upstream transit-time cylindrical tanks and many studies have been preformed Y Mean discharge (drain) velocity to characterize the flow field. -10 The flow in the outlet We Weber Number'" pyd/a may possess considerable axial velocity, stretching and .:\T '" transit-time difference .. T~ Tdft amplifying the vortex ftlaments. The radial velocity r .. circula tion component has been found to vary with both radius, r, p density and axial position, Z.7. I The tangential velocity a .. surface tension component of the flow has been found to be inversely I-L '" viscosity proportional to radius and independent of depth except v .. kinematic viscosity for a small region near the bottom of the tank where the r '" radial coordinate boundary layer affects the flow.'-9 Z .. axial coordinate Measurement of the three velocity components in free surface vortices is difficult because the vortex typically tends to move within the container. Measurements of the velocity components have been *Graduate Student, Member AIAA undertaken through various methods.7.9 A serious tProfcssor, Member AIAA problem in taking measurements in vortical flows is that lAssistant Professor, Member AIAA physical probes tend to affect the flow. Qualitative classification of vortex strength using visual methods Copyright @ 1994 by R. H. Smith, Jr., W. W. Durgin, was pursed by Durgin and Hecker. 1O In the present and H. Johari, Worcester Polytechnic Institute. effort, ultrasonic techniques were used to directly, and Published by the American Institute of Aeronautics non-intrusively measure the circulation of free surface and Astronautics, Inc. with pennission. vortices. Dimensional Arguments Figure I shows a general representation of a free surface vortex and the cylindrical tank. The following parameters were determined to be important to the problem Wlder study: gravitational acceleration g, drain diameter d, cylinder diameter D, dimple (air core) depth h, fluid depth H, circulation r, fluid density p, fluid viscosity ~, mean drain velocity V, and fluid surface tension o. Dimensional reasoning provides the following functional relationships for the circulation: Ultruon;c Beam V'OCOllS Cor. Path (l), A"Cor. r d H (I) Vd =F.(Re, Fr, We, D' D) and for the air core depth: h d H =F2 (Re Fr We -) (2) H '" D' D where: Vd V Re=Fr=- v J8H (3) Daggett & Keulegan' found the same parameters for similitude although their arrangement is slightly different. For the present experiments under consideration, the cylinder diameter D, the free surface depth H, and of course gravity g were held constant. The fluid properties p, ~, and 0 were assumed to remain constant since the experiments were preformed in an area with nearly constant temperature. No precautions were taken to control these parameters. The drain diameter d and the volume flow rate (Q  (ltVd)/4) were varied independently. The volume flow rate and the drain diameter are used to calculate the drain velocity which is used to calculate the Reynolds, Froude, and Weber numbers. The drain velocity is also used to non-dimensionalize the circulation. Previous measurements' have indicated that Weber number effects on the discharge coefficient and circulation are small. ~-~ --H t . \/ L_~ n.------J .J l. = d i;c= Figure 1. Schematic sketch of the cylindrical tank and relevant parameters Experimental Apparatus The experiment was designed to establish a stable nee surface vortex. The experimental apparatus consisted of a cylindrical tank, a pump, a needle valve, a 1/2H offset flow cell II, two Panametrics PT 868 Ultrasonic flowmeters, four 1 MHz ultrasonic transducers and a cathatometer. Distilled, deionized water was used as the working fluid. A block diagram of the apparatus is shown in Figure 2.


The flexibility of gas turbine was determined by the regularity of oil supply and different regularity has a lot effect on the performance of gas turbine. In order to study the effect which different regularity do to the accelerate process,the method of object-oriented and nonlinear modeling were adopt to set up the dynamic simulation model of a three-shaft gas turbine at first. The accuracy of the model was checkout by the account of steady state. Then,the accelerate process of gas turbine was simulated and the change regularity of rotate speed was found by selecting different regularity of oil supply. The simulation results were analyses and the regularity of oil supply was compared in the end.


The purpose of this study was to examine the level of psychological well-being among professionals and to determine the individual and combined impacts of perceived work, family and social role demands on psychological well-being and also to analyze the moderating effect of gender between perceived role demands and psychological well-being relationships. This research was designed based on both quantitative and cross sectional in nature. The data for the present study were collected through questionnaire survey and stratified random sampling techniques from a total of 386 Sri Lankan professionals of Chartered Engineers, Medical Officers and Accountants representing in the public service organizations in Sri Lanka. Multiple regression using SPSS 23 and Structural Equation Modeling in Amos 21 were used to analyze data. The results elucidated that professionals possess moderate level of psychological well-being. There is significant negative causal impacts of perceived work, family and social demands on psychological well-being. The degree of combined effects of perceived role demands were significantly impacts on Psychological Well-being. Furthermore, gender has significant moderation effect between perceived role demands and psychological well-being relationship. The limitation of this study was that of cross-sectional and all measures were self-reported that common method variance may influence the findings. This study is significance to professionals, employees, family members, human resource managers, medical officers, psychologist, policy makers and researchers to address the needs of employees regarding psychological well-being issues. This is one of the few studies to provide empirical evidence of social demands on psychological well-being in a collectivist cultural context of Sri Lanka. The value of this paper contributes to the understanding of individual and combined impacts of perceived work, family and social role demands on psychological well-being. Further studies using longitudinal design would be useful in establishing the temporal order of relationship among variables.


On 31 July 2013 the Knesset adopted a statute on national book price maintenance, entitled the Protection of Literature and Writers in Israel (Provisional Order), 5773-2013. Formerly, there were neither mandatory rules nor consensual agreements concerning book price maintenance. The Statute entered into force on 6 February 2014 for a period of three years, during which its effects and impact on the book market were to be evaluated.

This paper analyzes the background and reasons for adopting the Statute (part II); its object and purpose (part III); its main provisions (part IV); the consequences of its adoption (part V); subsequent developments (part VI); a critical evaluation (part VII); and final conclusions (part VIII).


Nutritional factors greatly affect the aging process. Modestly elevated homocysteine levels are a significant risk factor for cerebrovascular accidents and for the development of coronary artery disease and peripheral vascular disease. Several metabolic and nutritional defects lead to hyperhomocysteinemia, a condition that can be found in up to 40% of patients with vascular disease. Folate supplementation decreases homocysteine levels. Simple nutritional assessment can be used to predict the risk for morbidity and mortality in the elderly. The most useful factors are low albumin levels, significant weight loss, and extreme body mass index values. The potential for nutritional intervention lays in recognizing these markers. Osteoporosis remains a major health problem in the elderly. Optimal management of osteoporosis may require nutritional intervention with vitamin D and calcium supplementation, an exercise regimen, and pharmacologic support. Malnutrition adversely affects the immune system. Supplementation with various micronutrients in nutritionally replete elderly persons significantly increases indices of cell-mediated immunity. The clinical significance of this observation is not yet known.


Most of a BIPVS (Building Integrated Photovoltaic System) is installed on the rooftop or wall of a building. Therefore, the main factor to consider for selecting the installation site is the shadow effects produced by the surrounding buildings. On the other hand, when the photovoltaic was installed on soundproof walls, shadow effects were produced by not only surrounding buildings but also the surrounding trees. Therefore, a different data model and algorithm with the BIPVS case are essential for proper installation sites selection of a SIPVS (Soundproof wall Integrated Photovoltaic System). This paper deals with the DSM (Digital Surface Model)-based proper installation site analysis for SIPVS. First, the solar incident and altitude angles of the installation candidate sites (solar panel) during the year were calculated. Second, the shadow effects (shadowed or unshadowed) were determined for the candidate sites at each time with the DSM. Third, the amount of solar radiation was calculated with the incident angle for the candidate sites at an unshadowed period. The proper installation site of the SIPVS could then be selected by comparing the accumulated annual solar radiation for each candidate. The proposed algorithm was implemented as a prototype (Java program). From the experiment, the order of the installation suitability was determined among the nine candidates. The proposed algorithm could be used for proper BIPVS installation site analysis aimed at the lower part of a building and calculation of the expected power production.


The dissemination of information by use of micro-blog is characteristics of brevity,timeliness,popularity,portability and openness.Micro-blog gradually becomes one of the most important media for the communications between college students,and is expected to make double influence on their spiritual and mental health,the education they are to accept and the formation of their outlook of value.University counselors are hence supposed to be adaptable to the requirements of the times,make us of the features of micro-blog interactivity,and pay more attention to the right side of guidance for the promotion of ideological and political education.


A 21-year-old woman was transferred from another hospital in her 23rd week of pregnancy. She had had an audible precordial murmur the day of her birth and had had pneumonia three times in the first few years of life. Otherwise, she was asymptomatic during childhood and adolescence. Aside from being small (4′11″ tall and 85 lbs before becoming pregnant), she had developed normally. When she was transferred, she was asymptomatic and on no medication.

Pertinent physical findings were a regular pulse at 96 beats/min; a blood pressure of 116/60 mm Hg; normal neck veins; brisk, full, symmetrical arterial pulses in the arms and legs with no radial-femoral delay; a loud and palpable second heart sound along the upper and mid left sternal border; and a small apical impulse just outside the left mid-clavicular line. A harsh, grade 4/6, systolic ejection murmur, heard over the entire chest and back and in the neck, was loudest at the cardiac base and of equal intensity on the right and left sides. A decrescendo diastolic murmur was maximal in the third left intercostal space. There was no gallop, ejection click, cyanosis, or clubbing.

The admission electrocardiogram showed normal sinus rhythm, left axis deviation of the QRS complex, and no septal Q waves in leads I, aVL, V5, or Vw, but Q waves were present in leads II, III, aVF, and V1 (Figure (Figure11). The history, physical examination, chest radiograph (Figure (Figure22), and electrocardiogram provided some, albeit incomplete, insight into the patient's congenital cardiac malformations and the consequent pathophysiology. A systolic murmur heard the day of birth suggested right or left ventricular outflow obstruction; it would have taken several days for pulmonary vascular resistance to fall sufficiently for the murmur of a ventricular septal defect to be heard. The patient's brisk pulses excluded aortic stenosis, so the outflow tract obstruction had to be right ventricular. Frequent bouts of pneumonia in infancy suggested a sizable left-to-right shunt, a supposition supported by the large pulmonary arteries and pulmonary plethora noted on chest radiograph (Figure (Figure2).2). The absence of septal Q waves in leads I, aVL, V5, and V6 and their presence in leads V1, II, III, and aVF suggested ventricular inversion, an integral feature of congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries, a diagnosis also brought to mind by the chest radiograph (Figure (Figure2)2) (1). The anterior position of the aortic valve in that condition would have produced the loud and palpable second heart sound.

Figure 1

Admission electrocardiogram. See text for explication.

Figure 2

Admission posterior-anterior chest radiograph. The proximal right and left pulmonary arteries are at the same level. A hump is seen on the left cardiac border, and the ascending aorta is seen on the left side of the cardiac base rather than the right. ...

In congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries, there are discordant atrioventricular and ventriculo-arterial connections. The right atrium receives blood from the two vena cavas and sends it across a mitral valve into a morphologic left ventricle that pumps it across a pulmonic valve, which is in fibrous continuity with the mitral valve, and into the pulmonary artery. Pulmonary venous blood travels through the left atrium and across a tricuspid valve into a morphologic right ventricle that pumps the blood across the infundibulum and the aortic valve into the aorta. Thus, ventriculoarterial discordance "corrects" the atrioventricular discordance, and the path of the blood through the heart is normal if there are no other malformations (2). Such patients have lived into their 70s (3). Whether the morphologic right ventricle, i.e., the systemic ventricle, in a patient with isolated congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries functions as long and as well as a morphologic left ventricle does in a normal person has been affirmed by some experts (4) and denied by others (5).

The vast majority of patients with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries, however, have associated cardiac malformations. Three of these occur frequently enough to be considered part of the anomaly: ventricular septal defect in approximately two thirds of patients (2); left ventricular (pulmonary ventricular) outflow tract obstruction, which can be valvular and/or subvalvular, in one half (1); and anatomic abnormalities of the tricuspid (systemic atrioventricular) valve in 90%, many of which are not clinically significant and the most common of which is Ebstein's anomaly (2). Other malformations seen in patients with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries include atrial septal defect; subaortic obstruction, which is often associated with coarctation of the aorta; aortic valve atresia with hypoplasia of the morphologic right ventricle; and pulmonary atresia with hypoplasia of the morphologic left ventricle.

Because of malalignment of the atrial septum with the inlet ventricular septum, the atrioventricular conduction system is abnormal (2), and up to 75% of patients with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries eventually have atrioventricular block ranging from first degree to third degree (1). Wolff-Parkinson-White type ventricular preexcitation may occur, as it does in other persons with Ebstein's anomaly of the tricuspid valve, and some, but not all, supraventricular arrhythmias in congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries are associated with a left-sided accessory pathway (1). Because the morphologic left ventricle and the left bundle branch lie to the right of the morphologic right ventricle in congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries, initial septal depolarization is from right to left and often inferosuperiorly as well, as seen in Figure Figure11.

As is often the case, especially with congenital heart disease, the echocardiogram and Doppler examination added important diagnostic information to that obtained by history, physical, chest radiograph, and electrocardiogram. In this patient, echo-Doppler confirmed congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries, a nonrestrictive ventricular septal defect, and pulmonic valvular and subvalvular stenosis with a 75 mm Hg peak systolic pressure gradient between the pulmonary ventricle (morphologic left ventricle) and the pulmonary artery. Because her systemic arterial systolic pressure at the time was 105 mm Hg and the ventricular septal defect was nonrestrictive, her pulmonary arterial systolic pressure was approximately 30 mm Hg. The echo-Doppler also revealed a restrictive patent ductus arteriosus, which explained the full, brisk pulses and the decrescendo diastolic murmur. The systolic component of the continuous murmur of the patent ductus was obscured by the louder murmur of pulmonic stenosis. Both ventricles had normal systolic function, and both atrioventricular valves were completely competent.

The patient stayed on the obstetrical service throughout the remainder of her pregnancy. She entered active labor at 34 weeks of gestation and under epidural anesthesia delivered a 2425 g daughter with Apgar scores of 8 and 9. Bilateral tubal ligation was then performed. Mother and daughter were doing well at discharge on postoperative day 4.

Two questions remain. First, why, with such a complex congenital cardiac malformation, was this woman asymptomatic after the first years of life and able to have a successful pregnancy? It was because the severe malformations were balanced in such a way that the circulatory system was quite adequate. Pulmonic stenosis prevented early severe heart failure or subsequent Eisenmenger reaction from the nonrestrictive ventricular septal defect. At the same time, there was sufficient blood flow through the pulmonic valve and the restrictive ductus to prevent cyanosis and allow normal activity and a successful pregnancy. Thus far she has avoided two common accompaniments of congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries, i.e., tricuspid (systemic atrioventricular) valvular regurgitation and atrioventricular block.

Second, should the patient undergo operative repair? An article from the Mayo Clinic points out that most persons with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries eventually undergo cardiac surgery and that for many, the operation comes too late for optimal results (6). Those statements are difficult to refute. On the other hand, in this patient, so-called complete repair would require extensive complicated surgery, which is difficult to recommend to an asymptomatic patient. In addition, few institutions have a Gordon Danielson, one of the paper's authors and one of the foremost congenital cardiac surgeons of his or any other day. Most importantly, the patient prefers not to undergo an operation as long as she feels well.


The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between gratitude and depression, anxiety, and stress in final-year students during the pandemic transition. This study uses quantitative methods with correlation test analysis techniques. The sampling technique used in this study was convenience sampling. The DASS-21 adaptation was used to measure psychological stress, and the gratitude scale was used to measure gratitude. The results of the analysis show that gratitude has a negative and significant correlation with psychological distress (depression, anxiety, and stress) in students. This indicates that the higher the gratitude of the students, the lower their symptoms of depression, stress, and anxiety. The results of this study are expected to serve as a reference for teaching staff to provide socialization, assistance, and reduce the burden of lecturing to respondents, allowing them to maintain the emotional stability of students.


Following the CCP Center's decision to send troops to Korea,I was a member of the Northeast Military Districts Logistics Department and took charge of developing the logistics support system and allocating cadres.This war was a direct confrontation with the technologically sophisticated US military,so the front line could not rely on taking its supplies from the enemy,as it did in the civil war,and it was totally reliant on supplies sent from home;hence the need for a reliable logistics support system.Faced with these new challenges,I went to Korea to size up the logistics needs of the volunteer troops,and I mobilized officials and the masses to send food,weapons and other supplies to the front line.I also transferred cadres to strengthen logistics support.


Jim Solomon, Chris Spilsbury, and Mark J. Roberts, Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., USA, explain why its AP-X LNG liquefaction equipment/process technology is the new standard for large LNG trains.


Emotional Intelligence (EQ) is considered an important determinant of job performances, leadership skills development and efficiency of the teamwork. Many authors stated that there are differences between female and male emotional competences. The aim of the present paper is to explore the correlations between the gender, considered as independent variable, and the EQ competences, as dependent variables, clustered in four EQ analysis domains: self-awareness, self-management, social awareness and relationship management. The study was based on an empirical research undertaken on a representative sample of 80 managers from different hierarchical levels in Romanian software development companies. The research methodology involved a design of a conceptual framework, based on four hypotheses, tested by means of Pearson chi-square. The research results emphasize a cultural specific context and some suggestions for future research are provided.


PREPARING TEACHERS FOR DIVERSITY: A STUDY OF TWO UNIVERSITY TEACHER EDUCATION PROGRAMS IN INDIANA Vella Goebel May 14, 2005 This study assessed the efficacy of diversity training in teacher education programs at two Indiana universities fro~ the viewpoints of teacher educators and teacher education majors. Three research questions guided the study: (a) To what extent did teacher educators exhibit classroom attitudes and behaviors consistent with practicing diversity education? (b) To what extent did teacher education majors perceive that teacher educators exhibited attitudes and behaviors consistent with practicing diversity education? (c) Did teacher education students and teacher educators agree about the extent to which their institutions supported diversity initiatives? The research questions were examined across the domains most frequently explored by diversity education researchers: race/ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation,


Malang Raya with all the trimmings is a city with intense activity. As a result, the streets in most areas in Malang became commonly used. The volume density of vehicles per day resulted in a lot of potholes. However, the slow handling of city government and county government resulted in the holes in the road more and more common. Of course this led to frustration for road users. Many victims of accidents caused fall due pit road. Not the least of casualties caused by potholes is pushing a bunch of young for forming Social Community "Peduli Lubang". The group is moved voluntarily. Social counciosness encouraging to form this community. In its action, they make a circular mark or ledges with pylox white against the hole in every street. The goal is sign that the road users see the white markings they have made. The sign is effective because Driver can seen from distance before the hole, finally the driver can reduce speed. A lot of appreciation given to this community. Remaining so many hole in streets, and the number of "Self founding" that they have to spend for the sake of this social action. Their action also received a response from the mayor. This research uses a case study approach and indepth interview methods to community members and resource persons also road users to recognize the existence of this grass-roots communities. Observations made to this community by following all the activities of this group. As a result, the public perception of these two groups divided into two: the pros and cons of their action. Part of the counter on the excuse that their sentences are inappropriate for display in public facilities. In conclusion the public perception of the pro-grassroots movement may be resistance to the government policy terksan slow in dealing with this issue. Evidenced by the more intense they carry out an action, response Malang city and county governments more quickly. Expected social consciousness is what will encourage Malang city and county governments to be more sensitive to sound that good netizens on social media and direct aspiration.


Electronic harmonic oscillators are stages with wide application in telecommunication systems, in signal processing systems and power electronics. In this project, a new multiphase oscillator topology is proposed, designed to operate in sinh domain. Main advantages are the ability to operate at low voltage and the electronic tuning of the oscillator's behavior. A multiphase sinusoidal oscillator, 3rd/6th order, is given as an example. The validity of the proposed methods is verified through simulation results using the Cadence Analog Design Environment software.


One aspect according to the invention can include a headrest operating device including a backside collision detecting device (20) that can produce an operational force upon detection of occurrence ofbackside collision. The operational force of the backside collision detecting device (20) can be transmitted to an operation member (25, 40, 50) via an interlocking member (23). A switching device (24) can switch a path of movement of the interlocking member (23) between an inoperative path and an operative path. When no backside collision occurs, the interlocking member (23) can move along the inoperative path, so that the operational force of the backside collision detecting device (20) cannot be transmitted to the operation member (25, 40, 50). When the backside collision occurs, the interlocking member (23) can move along the operative path, so that the operational force of the backside collision detecting device (20) can be transmitted to the operation member (25, 40, 50).


Protection of the environment and improve the quality of human existence is a very urgent and important issues.Governance environment should start from the awareness of environmental protection,it permeates all aspects of laboratory work.Laboratory waste is not treated and discharged directly into sewers,would cause great environmental pollution,directly or indirectly endanger human health.Laboratory waste pollution problems to solve,it is necessary to strengthen supervision and improve the environmental awareness of laboratory personnel,improved testing methods,supporting waste disposal sites,regulate aspects of waste disposal to establish a relatively perfect system of pollution control laboratory,so that effective treatment of waste water truly implement to minimize laboratory waste pollution of the environment.


Software Assembly of reusable components is one of the most important processes to improve the reliability of the product in the Commercial Off The Shelf (COTS) software. Software assembly and also continuous improvement of quality in software based systems is an important issue in software development process. In this paper, a multilevel genetic algorithm is used to find the sequence of the assembly order of the software components among the chosen reusable components. In GA, dependency between the components is also considered based on coupling factor and the assembly order of the identified software component is found effectively.


Public history has been defined as "historical research conducted in the community for public benefit, outside of academic environs;" and in the sometimes conservative world of scholarly historiography, it represents a genuine innovation.' Several graduate training programs in public history now are in existence,2 and in 1978 a scholarly journal, The Public Historian, began publication (through the Department of History of the University of California, Santa Barbara). To those who have been involved in community-level public history programs, this recognition of the merits of public history seems long overdue. There is a grass-roots need for a body of community-specific historiography a "usable past" written by and for the community. As Carl Becker3 long ago pointed out, the most basic use of history may be to help the individual make sense out of his own life by relating that personal experience to the collective experience, and oral traditional history, of family and community. According to Becker, the natural progression of "historical interest" moved outward from this personal, family, and


Boron doped fullerene C60 (B:C60) films were prepared by the thermal evaporation of C60 powder using argon plasma
treatment. The morphology and structural characteristics of the thin films were investigated by scanning electron microscope
(SEM), Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR) and x-ray photo electron spectroscopy (XPS). The electrochemical
application of the boron doped fullerene film as a coating layer for silicon anodes in lithium ion batteries was also
investigated. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements were applied to the B:C60 coated silicon electrodes at a scan rate of
0.05 mVs-1. The CV results show that the B:C60 coating layer act as a passivation layer with respect to the insertion and
extraction of lithium ions into the silicon film electrode.


The bow hair is considered to be an essential component of the sound production in bowed string instrument playing. Despite of this there is hardly any literature dealing with the acoustic and mechanical properties of bow-hairs. The purpose of this paper is to show the broad range of various kinds of bow-hairs and their properties. For the study eight types of bow-fibres obtainable at most shops in Europe were chosen. Scanning electron microscopy was used to compare the profiles and surface structure. Mechanical tests demonstrate the differences in elasticity and strain rupture. Audio recordings made by exciting a string with an artificial bowing machine indicate that the surface structure have a negligible effect on the produced sound.


This chapter argues that the Romantic familiar essay privatizes and idealizes the essay's inherent epistemological ambiguity. While for Addison, Hume, and Johnson, the essayist moderates communication at the borderline of systematic science and the public sphere, for Hazlitt and his contemporary Charles Lamb, the 'public' could no longer function as the ground for epistemic solidarity. Once the social intellect of the Scottish Enlightenment was moved into the private domain of consciousness and individual imagination, the essayist was increasingly seen as mediating between idealized phenomenological realms of 'inner' and 'outer' experience. Consequently, the ludic indeterminacy of the Romantic imagination is oriented by a purely aesthetic purposiveness: its playfulness expresses not the pragmatic presuppositions of communication, but the dark foundations of experience. In aestheticizing the communicative intellect of the eighteenth-century essayists, the identity doublings and performances of the Romantic familiar essay acquire significance as the hypostatized others of a lost wholeness.


We describe the DPG Optical Harness™ technologies that replace electrical wiring harnesses in aircraft, while conforming to the definitions of the SAE WDM LAN standard for Client Adaptation Elements (CAEs). Testing has validated the performance of the Optical Harness™ wiring replacement technologies, confirmed conformance with the specifications of the SAE WDM LAN standard, and advanced the Technology Readiness Level (TRL) of the constituent technologies.


Aiming at the problem that the equipment maintenance support system is difficult to describe with highly stylized mathematical model, a framework model of equipment maintenance support agent is constructed. The paper introduces the Agent modeling method, analyzes the structure and workflow of the equipment maintenance support system, and abstracts the Agent framework structure according to the equipment maintenance guarantee and the modeling characteristics of the Agent. The internal modules of each Agent are designed and the agents are designed. The task environment between them has been studied, and the designed structural model can provide reference for other similar studies.


A mains-coupled photovoltaic system is economical because of having no storage battery. In the coupled photovoltaic system, the currents flowing from or into the power system must have no distortion. This system,must have the function supplying the appropriate reactive power at the coupling point. In other words, a coupled photovoltaic system must have the function of an active power filter. Even if the three phase voltage is unsymmetrical, these two functions must be given to the coupled photovoltaic system. In that case, the extension pq theory which the authors had previously published for the active power filter control may be used. In this paper, the authors develop the effectiveness of applying the extension pq theory to the coupled photovoltaic system.


The invention discloses an earthworm active protein which is extracted by the following methods: (1) taking a fresh live earthworm, cleaning and standing the earthworm overnight to spit mud; (2) cleaning the earthworm with distilled water, removing water and weighing the earthworm; (3) adding double distilled water and performing high-speed homogenate under ice-bath condition; (4) standing the homogenate solution for four hours and centrifuging to collect supernatant; (5) depositing protein by salting-out method or other methods under ice-bath condition; (6) centrifuging to collect protein and re-dissolving with 0.1M phosphate buffer solution; (7) filtering the re-dissolved solution with a millipore filter, and performing protein separation using a gel filtration chromatography method; (8) collecting elution peak and desalinateing; (9) drying the desalinated spent regenerant to obtain the earthworm active protein. By extracting the protein with pharmacological activity from fresh live earthworms using a modern biochemistry separation technique, the invention improves the pharmacological activity of the protein, effectively removes other impurities in the earthworm bodies and avoids adverse reaction caused by the impurities.


The intensive disposal of swine manure can promote accumulation of those low mobile nutrients in the soil surface, such as P, Cu and Zn, which can enhance their transference by runoff. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term effect of swine manure as fertilizer on chemical attributes of soil in pasture areas. Soil samples were collected from countryside areas in the southwest of Goias state, where used swine manure as fertilizer from two breeding systems: Piglet production system (SPL) and finishing vertical system (SVT). The sandy and clayey soils received swine manure up to 10 years and over 10 years. Soil samples were also collected from native forest and permanent preservation areas as control. The samples were collected at 0-20cm, 20-40cm and 40-60cm depths to determine the contents of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn), using Mehlich-1 as extractor. The t-test was used to evaluate the contrasts significance. The results showed that liquid swine manure of the SPL applied in sandy soils and the manure of the SVT in clayey soils for more than 10 years changed the contents of Cu in the soil up to 60 cm depth. Application of manure of the SPL in sandy soil affected Cu contents up to 60 cm depth. The liquid swine manure, continuously applied in clayey soils for up to 10 years did not modify the contents of Zn compared to the control soil.


A successful company succession depends on a multitude of different aspects. In the case of external succession, certainly, the available funds represent a critical factor. Nevertheless, it can be ...


In order to get a better user experience, to create user features based on user behavior, optimize and improve feature selection process, so as to achieve a selection process with the combination of user preferences, the search results will be better reflect the user's preferences. This paper proposes an algorithm of establish the feature of the document and the user feature at the same time, these features will be add into the sorting process, as to achieve better user experience.


This paper proposes the system to predict eight cardiac arrhythmias using the radial basis function neural network (RBFN). In our study of neural network for heart rate time series, the prediction of Left bundle branch block (LBBB), Atrial fibrillation (AFIB), Normal Sinus Rhythm (NSR), Right bundle branch block (RBBB), Sinus bradycardia (SBR), Atrial flutter (AFL), Premature Ventricular Contraction (PVC), and Second degree block (BII) is done using proposed algorithm. The heart rate time series are obtained from MIT-BIH arrhythmia database. The linear and nonlinear features are detected from heart rate time series of each arrhythmia. The 70% of each datasets of features are used to train RBFN and remaining 30% of the datasets of features are used to predict eight cardiac diseases. This approach gives overall prediction accuracy of 96.33% as compared to the methods reported in existing literature.


Inclusion removal using ceramic foam filtration in the casting industry is well known, however the effect of ceramic foam filters on removing inclusions from 'clean' metal is not so well documented. This communication provides a preliminary report of the findings to date. Ceramic foam filters have been used in the production of approximately 3.3 tonne casts using the new VIDP furnace at Special Melted Products Ltd. Clean metal is supplied by the use of a specially designed launder system preheated to 900°C prior to teeming.Examination of impregnated filter cross sections from an alloy 718 and FV458 casts have revealed the ability of ceramic foam filters to remove inclusions in the <20 μm size range.The types of inclusion that are removed using this method include, from alloy 718, Titanium Nitride and Primary deoxidation products containing aluminium and magnesium. Examination of FV458 shows deoxidation products containing aluminium and calcium.


Microarray technology for genome-wide SNP genotyping has provided a unique opportunity to study common complex diseases through casecontrol studies. This opportunity also presents computational and knowledge management challenges – the statistical analysis and search for SNP interactions presents a major computational bottleneck in processing the raw data, motivating the need for a High Performance Computing (HPC) based solution. Statistical analysis of the raw data produces an equally large volume of derived data. Making sense of this derived data requires integrating the statistical analyses with information already known to the wider research community, such as SNP location, gene function, gene regulation, relevant biochemical pathways etc. This community knowledge exists in the form of individual expertise of scientists and information deposited in distributed databases and knowledge repositories. Intuitive and easy access to both HPC infrastructure and community research knowledge will be crucial for optimizing new research findings from genome-wide SNP case-control studies.


CCSP SNPA Quick Reference (Digital Short Cut)Brandon James CarrollISBN-10: 1-58705-542-2ISBN-13: 978-1-58705-542-3As a final exam preparation tool, the CCSP SNPA Quick Reference provides a concise review of all objectives on the new CCSP SNPA exam (642-523). This digital Short Cut provides you with detailed, graphical-based information, highlighting only the key topics in cram-style format.With this document as your guide, you will review topics on securing networks using routers and switches. These fact-filled Quick Reference Sheets allow you to get all-important information at a glance, helping you focus your study on areas of weakness and enhance memory retention of essential exam concepts.TOC1. Cisco Security Appliance Technology and Features and Families2. Getting Started with Cisco Security Appliances Configurations3. Inbound Traffic, ACLs, Object Grouping4. AAA Configurations5. Switching and Routing on ASA6. Protocol Inspections7. PIX and ASA VPNs8. Understanding Transparent Firewall Mode9. Virtual Firewalls10. FailoverAbout the Author:Brandon James Carroll is one of the country's leading instructors for Cisco security technologies, teaching classes that include the CCNA, CCNP, and CCSP courses; a number of the CCVP courses' and custom developed courseware. In his six i¾ years with Ascolta, Brandon has developed and taught many private Cisco courses for companies such as Boeing, Intel, and Cisco itself. He is a CCNA, CCNP, and CCSP and a certified Cisco instructor. Brandon is the author of Cisco Access Control Security.Before becoming a technical instructor for Ascolta, Mr. Carroll was a technician and an ADSL specialist for GTE Network Services and Verizon Communications. His duties involved ISP router support and network design. As a lead engineer, he tested and maintained Frame Relay connections between Lucent B-STDX and Cisco routers. His team was in charge of troubleshooting ISP Frame Relay to ATM cutovers for ADSL customers. Brandon trained new employees at Verizon to the EPG in ADSL testing and troubleshooting procedures and managed a "Tekwizard" database for technical information and troubleshooting techniques. Mr. Carroll majored in information technology at St. Leo University.About the Technical Editor:Murtaza Bhaiji, CCIE No. 14445 (Security), is a solution-oriented IT security specialist with notable success directing a broad range of corporate IT initiatives over his seven-year career. Murtaza holds a number of certifications in different fields, notably CCIE in Security. He has also been an avid speaker in forums such as Network Society of Pakistan and Ethink-Tank Tanzania. Murtaza's specialty is in design aspects of solutions using best-fit technologies and products in line with business needs. Currently he is positioned as manager of networking and security for Mideast Data Systems.


In view of the traditional network design is unscientific,inefficiency,long construction period and high investment risk.A campus network has been modeled on OPNET platform,Individual parameter which can affect performance index of the campus network has been profoundly analyzed;the designed network is to be verified to satisfy users and maintain normal network teaching.Changing tendency of the network performance index has studied under the circumstances of the increasing users and business.When network performance worsens,chief factors that affect the network performance and network bottleneck will be found and corresponding solutions,which are verified through OPNET,will be offered.Through a lot of simulation experiments verify the network simulation in the network planning design of feasibility.


The concept of digital life was first presented in computer simulation experiment by Thomas.S.Ray.Based on it,the theory knowledges were introduced such as complex adaptive system and Agent model-building.Then two kinds of different digital lives and their coexistence environment were constructed.Nature lives' most foundational biological phenomenas like reproduction and annihilation were simulated.The interactive behavior between individual and community was observed by visualization windows.Finally,the inscrutability and emergence of the results were attained,and the simulation for two digital lives with Swarm was accomplished.


Flatte had a significant impact on my dissertation and early education in the field of ocean acoustic propagation. In particular, Flatte's work on the impact of internal wave scattering on deep ocean propagation was central to my early work in adiabatic mode scattering in the presence of deep water internal waves. In this paper, we will revisit some of Flatte's wave propagation in a random media theory and show its phenomenological impact on deep water propagation, primarily within his explanation of the Slice89 experiment. In this experiment the axial finale (latest arriving energy) is broadened in depth. Flatte correctly asserted that this was due to internal wave scattering to higher modes (with larger depth extents) and used this as a method for heuristically determining the internal wave strength. Results from Heaney [Ph.D. thesis, SIO‐UCSD (1997)] will be presented using the ATOC experiment. More recent results using NPAL data as well as more recent modeling will be presented. The impact of these re...


We present a quantitative analysis of the visual response properties of single neurons in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) of wild-type C57Bl/6J mice. Extracellular recordings were made from single dLGN cells in mice under halothane and nitrous oxide anaesthesia. After mapping the receptive fields (RFs) of these cells using reverse correlation of responses to flashed square stimuli, we used sinusoidal gratings to describe their linearity of spatial summation, spatial frequency tuning, temporal frequency tuning, and contrast response characteristics. All cells in our sample had RFs dominated by a single, roughly circular 'centre' mechanism that responded to either increases (On-centre) or decreases (Off-centre) in stimulus luminance, and almost all cells passed a modified null test for linearity of spatial summation. A difference of Gaussians model was used to relate spatial frequency tuning to the spatial properties of cells' RFs, revealing that mouse dLGN cells have large RFs (centre diameter ~11°) and correspondingly poor spatial resolution (~0.2c/°). Temporally, most cells in the mouse dLGN respond best to stimuli of ~4Hz. We looked for evidence of parallel processing in the mouse dLGN and found it only in a functional difference between Onand Off-centre cells: On-centre cells were more sensitive to stimulus contrast than their Off-centre


Bug-sell is a trading behavior in trans-regional business. It not only may arouse the loss of dealers enthusiasm,but also may reduce the consumers trust in the brand. When the application of in-vehicle infotainment system is getting popular,we need an approach to prevent Bug-Sell in order to maintain the interests of the vendors. This paper presents a common solution including system design and implement ation based on software.This system can prevent Bug-sell from manufactory to custom by protection settings and is proved by the market feedback from this system.


The Gusaoshu Road Overpass Spanning Railways is a prestressed concrete continuous box girder bridge of variable section with span arrangement(70+116+70)m and deck width32 m.Considering that the overpass is required to span 11 railway lines and to ensure the safe operation of the railways during the construction and minimize the interference of the construction to the railways,it is determined in the design that the overpass should be constructed by the rotation erection method(with the rotating weight being 17 300 tand the maximum rotating angle being 106°)and the closure segment of the central span should be shifted 9.25 mfrom the right center of the central span towards the direction of the main mileage.The main girder of the overpass is of the cross section of five cells and single box.The main piers are the m-shape piers to be supported on the bored pile foundations.The rotation system is mainly comprised of the bearing system,pushing and hauling system and the balancing system.The dimensions of the spherical hinges are respectively 4mfor the Pier Z63 and 3.9mfor the Pier Z64.The software MIDAS Civil2011 and MIDAS FEA are used to calculate the static forces of the main girder,m-shape main piers,rotation system,cross beams and deck slabs.The results of the calculation show that the various indices of the overpass can satisfy the relevant requirements in the codes.


www.PRSJournal.com 865e I this study, Nasser and Chung report on efforts to create a data collection instrument to gather information from surgical outreach missions.1 The instrument is focused on costs associated with the surgical effort and patient demographic and disease information. The authors used 22 experts and a modified Delphi technique to reach a consensus on the questions that were to be included in the instrument. In this method, the experts received an e-mail explaining the study, a preliminary data form, and a survey. In the survey, the experts rated the importance of the items on the proposed form and were asked to give feedback on the information contained. The survey was then sent out a second time after the data instrument had been modified based on the input. It was then subjected to statistical analysis. In discussing the purpose of this data collection tool, the authors feel that it can be used to facilitate and better coordinate outreach surgical efforts. In addition, they state that it could be useful to provide information to the global surgery community to promote the Lancet goal of building sustainable surgical systems in lowand middle-income countries.2 I would like to discuss both of these goals as they relate to the data collection instrument. With respect to using this to facilitate missionbased surgery, this study is misguided. Overall, it is difficult to understand how the data gathered from this instrument will help coordinate disparate efforts by the myriad of organizations that undertake mission-based surgical trips, although it might prove useful for one organization returning time and time again to the same location. Although surgical outreach trips abroad remain popular, this is not the direction in which the global surgery community is moving. Although the providers on these trips are well-intentioned, there are concerns regarding negative consequences of these efforts.3–7 One of the primary impediments to improved global access to surgical care is financial—the cost of the surgeon, anesthesia, nursing, and supplies, in addition to the fixed costs of the infrastructure necessary to provide care, is beyond the means of many health care systems. This is particularly true for relatively common surgical conditions. When surgical mission groups go into a country to perform operations, they often disempower the local providers, who in many cases are capable of performing the surgery but are limited in their ability to do so by a lack of resources. Local physicians must earn a living. It is financially difficult for them to perform surgery on patients with no means to pay, nor are many of the hospitals willing or able to provide free care. There is an opportunity for partnership between organizations and capable local providers—but surgical mission groups do not capitalize on this opportunity, and instead put resources into less financially efficient outreach trips. There have been many studies that look at the cost of these trips.8,9 When one evaluates this in terms of disability-adjusted life-years averted, the result is entirely dependent on the number of patients treated during a trip. The cost is variable, but from a population-based standpoint, it is high in many cases. In one report on surgical outreach, Shrime and colleagues highlight a modeling study from Uganda that found that the missiontype effort for surgical care was "more expensive and less effective than nearly all other platforms studied."7 With respect to quality of the surgical care delivered, the results are highly variable.10 It has been shown that in simpler procedures, surgical results are similar to "high-income settings," but complication rates are in some cases 20-fold higher with more complex procedures such as cleft palate repair.5 Follow-up on this type of itinerant surgery is challenging at best. When complications


Background Transition from paediatric to adult healthcare in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) is widely acknowledged as a high-risk period with increased use of emergency services as well as higher morbidity and mortality. Consequently, the COVID-19 pandemic is likely to have confounded transitional processes via the subsequent disruption of healthcare practices which includes redeployment of specialist nurses, reduction in clinics and complicated waiting processes due to social distancing. One influencing factor determining the success of transition is health literacy. This is recognised as the ability of individuals to obtain, process and apply information to promote and maintain good health. Disease specific knowledge is an integral part of health literacy and contributes to empowerment of individuals with regard to their condition. It is particularly pertinent during the COVID-19 era for historically disadvantaged patients with SCD, where heightened anxiety and healthcare disruption can both contribute to diminishing that empowerment. Objectives This project centred on ameliorating health literacy in 14-15-year-olds with SCD, by improving their knowledge of the aetiology, pathophysiology and complications of their condition along with the transition process, resources and contacts available to them. Congruent to their learning, the patients were also motivated to develop their self-management of SCD. Methods Utilising an interventional pre- and post-methodology, this convenience sample was surveyed prior to and after watching a researcher-developed, age-appropriate SCD educational video, constructed via web-based animation software. The survey questioned participants to rate their confidence in the knowledge of a variety of SCD and transition-based topics between 1-5 using a Likert scale, where 1 = very confident and 5 = not confident at all. The survey also contained gender specific questions relating to sexual health complications of SCD, including understanding priapism and dysmenorrhea. Inclusion criteria comprised a participant age of 14-15 and a diagnosis of SCD. Results Findings from the pre-intervention survey indicated that 47.8% of Likert scale selections were 'very confident' and 'confident' and the post-intervention survey indicated that 84.6% were 'very confident' and 'confident', representing a 36.8% proportional increase in participant confidence of SCD knowledge and transitional competence. Survey findings also yielded a 90% proportional increase of boys and an 80% proportional increase of girls selecting 'very confident' and 'confident' on the respective gender specific questions, between preand post-intervention surveys. Conclusions The correlation between health literacy and prognosis in paediatric populations with long term conditions, most notably SCD, is just beginning to surface. These results are promising indications that the interventional video holds substantial educational value for SCD transitional patients. Further research should include enhancing the video's quality to cater for different adolescent age groups whilst expanding the geographical recruitment and thus, sample size. The social restrictions of COVID-19 have engendered innovative and adaptive healthcare delivery to patients and this study's educational video contributes to that catalogue of creativity. Like health literacy, the effects of the pandemic on SCD are yet to be fully understood and with optimism, this study will encourage further research in improving SCD transition.


Background: The Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) and Clinical Global Impression (CGI-S) item for severity are used together to measure severity of psychotic illness. PANSS is the "gold standard" measure of efficacy, but it is not always feasible to use, yet the CGI-S requires validation. Objectives: To examine the overlap between PANSS and CGI-S. Methods: The overlap of the PANSS and CGI-S were examined using data from 7 large antipsychotic clinical trials (n = 4287). Results: Regression analysis identified 21% to 60% overlap of the measures depending on the trial and measurement point. The pooled study mean PANSS value corresponding with a CGI-S of 2, 3, and 4 were 67.1 (n = 799), 79.6 (n = 1645), and 92.4 (n = 1056), respectively. A decrease of 1 on the CGI-S corresponded to a 20% decline on the PANSS. Of the 37 planned comparisons in these studies, there was an agreement between the PANSS and CGI-S on change from baseline to end point on 32 comparisons and on dichotomized change variables (PANSS ≥−20% and CGI-S ≥−1 point) on 31 comparisons. The differences in the remaining comparisons would not have changed the conclusions of the studies. The positive and disorganized PANSS scales were the most closely related to the CGI-S, followed by hostility and negative scale with almost no association with anxiety/depression. Conclusions: The CGI-S and PANSS are correlated but are not synonymous. Both measures, however, show substantial agreement in detecting change, and the CGI-S shows overlap with the core symptoms of schizophrenia.


A field experiment was conducted to study the Effect of different growth regulating compounds on biochemical and quality parameters in greengram during rabi 2009-10. Among the growth regulators growth promoting substance NAA (20 ppm) recorded significantly higher values for biochemical parameters, photosynthetic rate whereas relative chlorophyll content (SCMR) values were highest in chlormequat chloride 50% SL 375.0 g a.i ha-1, mepiquat chloride 5% AS (5%) and NAA (20ppm) during reproductive stage. Among the quality parameters highest seed protein content (%) and highest nitrogen harvest index values were recorded with growth retarding substance chlormequat chloride (187.5 g a.i ha-1) in greengram.


The main objective of the doctor's work, in whatever field he or she functions, is ultimately the restoration and maintenance of health. Yet, as Smith pointed out some time ago, disease and health are 'slippery concepts' that we have not been able to define clearly hitherto.1 The difficulty of defining health was clearly illustrated when the distinguished figures of the World Health Organisation (WHO) were asked to undertake this task in 1948. Their response was that 'health is a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity'.2 Now, a definition should define clearly the nature of a subject as it is or by what effect it has; that is, what it does. In addition, in the fields of science and medicine, it should indicate how the subject is produced and enable it to be measured. The WHO definition did none of these things — it merely took one vague entity 'health' and defined it in terms of another equally obscure concept, 'wellbeing'. It did, however, point out that there was more to health than simply the absence of disease, but this was not really a definition at all, being merely a rather vague description. The waters remained as muddy as ever and the measurement of health was in no way facilitated. Incidentally, the Oxford English Dictionary is no more precise on this subject. It offers a number of meanings including 'soundness of body, that condition in which functions are duly discharged, spiritual, moral or mental soundness, salvation, well-being, safety and deliverance' — all parts of the picture, but a real definition is still some way off.

Now one does not have to be Wittgenstein to recognise the absurdity of the situation in which doctors regard health as the main …


The existing literature on network and queuing analysis has a tendency to move as quickly as possible away from the flow equations to a description of the problem in terms of probabilities, leaving behind the sample path description. In this paper we formulate and solve a number of general questions in this area using sample path methods as an important part of the process. Relying, as it does, on the theory of stochastic differential equations, this approach brings to bear a heretofore ignored but quite effective problem solving methodology. It also serves to bring the subject of controlling queues in closer contact with other branches of automatic control.


The development of reception service schools in higher vocational colleges uses the reception work of freshmen in private higher vocational colleges as a window to show the school's image and connotation. The characteristics and rules of the reception work for freshmen reflect the reception work of private higher vocational colleges and are of reference significance for the development of vocational education. This article mainly takes the actual reception work of privately-run vocational freshmen as the background and takes the lack of reception as the starting point. Start with the practice of the reception project of professional freshmen in Yunnan Polytechnic Vocational College. Combining the literature survey method and empirical analysis method, the organization, resource optimization and realization of quality objectives of the reception project of private college freshmen were demonstrated. The reception work of private vocational colleges provides parents and students with good service quality. It can help the development and growth of private vocational schools.


The first stages in an intensive study of Szilard–Chalmers recoil reactions in a covalent metal-organic compound are described. The radioactive manganese-56 is found, as expected, as inorganic manganese (75–80%), as the parent compound (12–20%), and as one or other of two hitherto unidentified, unstable compounds depending on whether anhydrous paper chromatography or paper ionography is used as the separation method (5–7%). Some data are given showing the effect of room-temperature annealing following irradiation at −196 °C. In particular, the yield of one of the unidentified compounds increases markedly (to ~15%) while that of the other compound remains nearly unaffected.Thin-layer chromatography in anhydrous benzene was used as separation method in thermal annealing studies. They show two hitherto unreported phenomena: The apparent retention increases considerably and then decreases again as annealing continues, and the annealing reaction at two temperatures in the liquid and one in the solid phase are ...


by Michael W. Collier, Ph.D. Director of Research, Latin American and Caribbean Center Florida International University Miami, FL A paper prepared for the Caribbean Studies Association annual conference held May 30 to June 4, 2005, in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic Introduction Over a decade after the end of the Cold War, the debate continues over the proper security paradigm for Latin American and Caribbean security forces. The latest trend in the region hails from the globalist approach to security which argues for the expansion of the definition of regional security threats to include not only threats from traditional military and non-state actors (drug traffickers, terrorists, insurgents) but also those societal threats related to economic and social development problems such as the environment, poverty, income inequalities, and HIV/Aids (Buzan et at. 1998, Griffith 2004, OAS 2003). The globalist approach can be seen in the Organization of American State's (OAS) 2003 Declaration of Security in the Americas which added to the region's traditional threat list items such as extreme poverty and social exclusion, natural and man-made disasters, HIV/AIDS and other diseases, other health risks, and environmental degradation. There remain security practitioners and scholars who disagree with recent attempts to broaden the definition of security. Many traditional international security specialists are still steeped in Cold War theories and procedures that see security issues through a lens where states are the only key players and where security threats are limited to traditional inter-state conflicts. More progressive international security thinkers have recognized the threat posed by non-state actors, but argue that security forces (military and law enforcement) should only be employed in


This paper analyzes the rules of flood and drought disasters and the obstruction of developing conventional irrigation in Yuncheng City,puts forward that in order to ensure sustainable development the concept must be transformed,the sense of high effective water use must be established and the technique of high effective water use must be applied.


Decades before the work of Samuel Morse, a young Englishman laid out his vision for a future world of telecommunication.


Abstract: A vertex divisor cordial labeling of a graph G = (V,E) is a bijection f : V → {1,2,3,...2n-1} if odd and f : V → {1,2,3,...2n} if even such that if each edge uv is assigned the label 1 if f(u)/ f(v) or f(v)/ f(u) and the label 0 if f(u) does not divide f(v) then |ef(0) − ef(1)| ≤ 1 where ef(0) is the number of edges with label 0 and ef(1) is the number of edges with label 1. A graph which admits vertex even divisor cordial labeling is called even divisor cordial graph.


Based on the main risk analysis of the logistics projects and engineering construction projects,this thesis sets up an index system for logistics projects risk evaluation,applying the AHP in determining the weighing factors in an quantitative approach and appraising the integrated risk of logistics projects by fuzzy synthetic evaluation.


In interconnected electricity markets the completion of day-ahead offerings and the participant's auto scheduling is typically sequenced and controlled by corresponding Transmission System Operator's (TSO's) operations. This includes Power System (PS) scheduling and PS near realtime operation. Security analyses are performed by the system operator for each control area of the system in order to identify power lines that reach their thermal ratings and estimate the power system's stability margins. A specific methodology and support tools are presented in this paper for the generation rescheduling, and operational measures that are necessary to reduce the constraint management cost while increasing transmission capability. The developed methodology will be showcased in SEETSOC - an FP7 funded European project.


Acknowledgements Foreword to The Routledge Classics Edition Preface to the Third Edition Introduction to the Translation Analytical Part 1. Value and Money 2. The Value of Money as Substance 3. Money in the Sequence of Purposes Synthetic Part 4. Individual Freedom 5. The Money Equivalent of Personal Values 6. the Style of Life Appendix: The Constitution of the Text


This study examined the relationships between mother's psychological control and child's behavior problems (hyperactivity, aggression, anxiety, social withdrawal, and social immaturity). The participants were mothers of 207 preschoolers residing in Kyonggido. Mothers were asked to complete questionnaires measuring their psychological control over their child and their child's levels of behavior problems. Maternal psychological control was assessed using the Psychological Control Scale(Barber, 1996) and the five child problem dimensions were assessed using the CBCL. The data were analyzed using ANOVA's and hierarchial multiple regression analyses. The study found that mother's psychological control significantly related to the levels of child's hyperactivity, aggression, anxiety, social withdrawal, and social immaturity. Mother's psychological control particularly strongly affected levels of child's hyperactivity and aggression. Given the results of this study, it was concluded that mother's control over her child through psychological controlling methods appears to have negative impacts on child's behaviors and psychosocial adjustment.


The article proposes an analytical basis for assessing the impact of blockchain technology on changing business models. The interpretation of B. Wirtz's integrated business model is given through the lens of the wide diffusion of blockchain technology in the world economy.


Reduced glutathione (GSH) is required as coenzyme (12). Since Reaction A is catalyzed at a rate that, within certain limits, is independent of the substrate concentration (18), it belongs to the class of "zero order" reactions, of which the succinoxidase system is a type. Glyoxalase is found in practically all tissues, and in the case of animal tissues it is present in especially high concentrations in liver, kidney, and erythrocytes (2, 19). Notwithstanding the features mentioned above the glyoxalase system has as yet no known function in our schemes of intermediary metabolism. For a long time it was thought that this system was important in glycolysis by serving to convert methylglyoxal, formed presumably from hexosediphosphate, to lactic acid. However, with the following observations, the role of the glyoxalase system has become obscure:


Temporal coherent and total intensity fluctuations of acoustic wave propagation have been measured during SWAT (Shallow Water Acoustic Technology) 2000 Experiment data. The objective of this paper is to investigate the effect of the temporal fluctuation of an acoustic signal in shallow water. The acoustic propagation experiment was carried out among the three bottom mounted sonar towers, that were located in a triangle formed by 3, 4 and 5 km ranges. The center frequency of the acoustic signal is 5.5 kHz. A total of 32 hours acoustic data was sampled by a 2 min or 20 min sampling interval. In addition, oceanographic data including current velocity profile data and sound speed data is used to estimate the internal wave activity on the observation triangle. The time series of coherent intensity quickly attenuates, while the total intensity is maintained with weak fluctuation. According to the reciprocal transmission data, the reciprocity of coherent intensity is significantly distorted by the existence of a...


The financing of urban rail transit for construction is the world problem. Considering the economic characteristic of urban rail transit and the actuality of benefits, urban rail transit and land utilization are corresponding relation. The paper analyses the development benefits and return method of the urban rail transit, the feasibility of the joint development is discussed for urban rail transit and land resources, and the approach of financing is put forward to comprehensive development of land. In the end, some advices are suggested to solve the financing of urban rail transit for construction.


Artistic creation in any field has always been viewed as a lonely and painful work. To accept that a couple of artists can experience an intense sexual relationship, while living together and producing great work seems to be an utopic notion. Women, mainly, are considered disciples or dependent on men. The author questions this presumption in an attempt to demystify it. The subject, in relation to his creative work, develops a dual narcisistic relationship with no room for a third one. A couple of geniuses, in reality, is the meeting of two pairs each one fusioned on his/her creative work.


It is a commonly accepted assumption by educational researchers and practitioners that an underlying longitudinal achievement construct exists across grades in K-12 achievement tests. This assumption provides the necessary assurance to measure and interpret student growth over time. However, evidence is needed to determine whether the achievement construct remains consistent or shifts over grades or time. The current investigative study uses a multiple-indicator, latent-growth modelling (MLGM) approach to examine the longitudinal achievement construct and its invariance for the measures of academic progress® (MAP®), a computerised adaptive test in reading and mathematics. The results of the analyses from ten states suggest that with repeated measures, the construct of both MAP reading and mathematics remained consistent at different time points. The findings support the achievement construct's invariance throughout different grades or time points and provide empirical evidence for measuring student growth.


There is a literature on a group of appealing measures of the degree of agreement within a population or between two populations with regard to one or several qualitative attributes. Yet the application of such measures to the study of consensus remains undeveloped. Simple measures may be elaborated that lend themselves to analyses which are conceptually complex. These measures are particularly suited to some forms of content analytic data.


The Covid-19 pandemic has changed the order of society, it is recommended that they are even forced to stay at home, go to school, work and even worship at home. Almost all countries urge their citizens not to move outside the home if there is no urgent need. Informal workers because around 61 percent of the global workforce are particularly vulnerable during the pandemic, have to face higher OSH risks, and lack adequate protection. Occupational Health and Safety (K3) is a thought and effort to ensure the integrity and perfection of both the physical and spiritual workforce, in particular, the implementation of Community Service (PKM) in the Covid-19 pandemic to employees of PT. Astamukti Airtech Nusatama. The results of the socialization and education of K3 employees better understand and realize the importance of the OHS system and the implementation of the Covid-19 pandemic health protocol in the workplace, the importance of management support that continuously provides understanding through discussion and training so that they are aware, understand and be able to consistently apply K3 and health protocols continuously in the corporate environment.


IT HAS LONG BEEN KNOWN that collateral blood vessels which are rudimentary in the normal heart develop with increasing frequency and size in the presence of coronary disease. During recent years a controversy has arisen concerning the effectiveness of these vessels as a compensatory mechanism for the loss of blood flow consequent on coronary obstruction. Both sides of this debate rest on observations of electrical or mechanical function of the left ventricle in patients with coronary disease. Some workers fail to observe any differences in function whether collaterals are present or not in patients with apparently equal degrees of coronary obstruction. This leads to the conclusion, implicit or stated, that the collaterals are functionless.1-6 Others, in contrast, find that function may be substantially improved when collaterals have developed. 10 The direct evidence that collateral vessels can largely compensate for coronary obstruction seems so overwhelming that it would appear that the "problem" must be artificial. In the dog a main coronary branch may be slowly occluded without damage to the distal muscle. Within days flow is rapidly restored to the muscle mass previously supplied by the obstructed vessel through collateral channels."' 12 Likewise, in man one may observe a comparable situation as a consequence of coronary disease, namely a complete obstruction of a major coronary artery without gross infarction of the distal muscle, even though some evidence of coronary insufficiency


Ayurveda is fundamentally the science of life. Description of Krimi is abundantly found in Veda and Ayurveda. The Ayurvedic texts describe a range of diseases produced by Krimis such as Kushtha, Yakshma, Atisara, Pandu, Grahani and Hridroga. Authentic Ayurvedic classical text claimed that the Raktaja Krimi are one of the internal etiological factor for Kushtha and after proper analyzing of external Nidana of Kushtha and Raktaja Krimi, it may infer that Raktaja Krimi is the midway pathological event in course of intake of Nidana and formation of Kushtha . Kushtha is one of the most important and peculiar among all the skin diseases. In modern science it can be correlated with Psoriasis, which affects the skin and joints, commonly represented by red scaly patches to appear on the skin. It is a papulo-squamous disorder of the skin, characterized by sharply defined erythematosquamous lesions. So, if we search a midway between pathogens and counteract resume than it will be easy to control and give proper management to the disease Kushtha.


The United States 1965 Immigration Act, effectively a substitution of skill discrimination for racial discrimination, although morally superior to the former Act, may have bad side-effects. In the nineteenth century, large-scale movements of labor force from overpopulated countries to areas where labor was scarce benefited both the sending and the receiving countries. The modern pattern, however, shows a reversal of the flow—skilled labor and scientific personnel are moving from the less prosperous countries to the four richest nations in the world, and especially to the United States. Europe and Asia are both affected by this "brain drain" of many persons whose training was financed by their respective native governments. The reverse flow of experts and technical assistance from the rich to the underdeveloped countries is an imperfect substitute for the cumulative benefits of indigenous research. When a country absorbs migrants educated at public expense abroad, there is no reason why they should not be considered items in a capital balance of payments. If physical capital must be paid for, why should publicly financed human capital be received free? Other ways to overcome the imbalance might be less emphasis on student migration in technical assistance or an obligation on students receiving public grants to remain in or return to their own countries.—Ed.


Since the publication of John Turner's great book, some interpreters have tried to show that Plotinus, despite his critique, did not condemn the magic practiced by the Gnostics, and was even influenced by it in the case of what is described as "mystic experience". This chapter investigates what Plotinus understood by "magic" on a theoretical and a concrete level, and then to investigate what, in the Nag Hammadi treatises, might correspond to it. Plotinus attacks two types of magical practices carried out by the Gnostics, one type intended for the soul and beings higher than it, and the other for the demons. What does the formula "inner ritual" mean? Zeke Mazur offers this definition: "Inner ritual, of which Plotinus' praxis is a prime example, would thus occupy a liminal position between the cognitive processes employed in discursive philosophy and the physical actions which comprise religious ritual". Keywords: Gnostics; magical practices; Nag Hammadi treatises; Plotinus; religious ritual


This article concerns the first-order functional differential equation x′(z) = x(p(z) + bx′(z)) with the distinctive feature that the argument of the unknown function depends on the state derivative. An existence theorem is established for analytic solutions and systematic methods for deriving explicit solutions are also given.


A new approach to the optimized automatic design of a stator of the squirrel cage induction motor is presented. The objective is to develop an algorithm to design in Gmsh software automatically through the differential evolution algorithm, reducing the cost and volume of the stator materials. The stator is a part of the motor and its main function is to generate a magnetic field, thus, an interesting research theme, since it is related to the production cost of the electric motor. To solve this case study is used the MODE algorithm (Multiobjective Optimization Differential Evolution) and the outcome is compared to the NSGA II algorithm (Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II). A discussion on the limitations and advantage of the proposed design approach concludes the paper.


This paper discusses the causes and effects of short circuits on an electricity distribution system, and examines some of the ways in which the damage they cause can be minimised.


A realistic computer model was used to simulate the tassel effect on the thermal emission directionaly of corn canopies,which was further validated by ground measurement.It is found that thetassel contributes little(mostly6%) on the total directional birghtness temperature.That means tassel can be omitted during modelling or inversion of the surface leaving thermal radiance.


Programmable optical grids can be projected directly on the surface of unpolished test-pieces to realize an absolute measurement method called `coded light approach' to obtain a full depth- image, requiring only a small number of projections. In combination with the phase shifting method subpixel accuracy is achieved. Geometry-checking and controlling the surface quality of objects with mirror-like surfaces is done with indirect illumination. Using a line-projector, stripes are projected to a diffusely reflecting surface, e.g. a wall. The test piece is positioned so that the lines are seen indirectly by the camera, reflected in the surface.


Inclusivity is a topic which is coming to the fore in many institutions, and libraries are no exception. To many of us, this may be a new area and could be somewhat daunting to begin to address. The authors provide some background, resources, and ideas to start to make your library inclusive, accessible, and welcoming to all patrons.—Editors


The development of epoxy polymer chain extenders is introduced. The related synthesis technologies are overviewed. The applications of epoxy polymer chain extenders in PA,PET / PBT and PLA are described as well. In the end,the prospects of the epoxy polymer chain extender are proposed.


The overall thinking and specific scheme for establishing a video measurement management information system which organically combines data with maps,i.e. the functions of the management information system can be achieved on a GIS platform to meet the actual measurement instrumentation management requirement of an enterprise is proposed. The enterprise can control its production and adjust its operation based on the complete measurement data and real-time field working conditions provided by users in order that the actual cost accounting can be realized. As a result,not only the policy-making ability and management level can be improved,but also a considerable economic benefit and a brand-new modern enterprise figure can be reached.


An input signal is encrypted onto a chaotic carrier in a hybrid Bragg cell and added to a separately generated chaotic mask with independent encryption keys. Simulations indicate considerable enhancement in system performance vis-a-vis security.


The student studies in the joyful situation,which is helpful to make good teaching progress.And it can enhance the effectiveness of the sports teaching.The article has carried on the analysis to the function and role of the sports game in the teaching process,discussed the characteristics of the sports game,and made some proposals for the most gym instructors to well utilize sports game in the course-teaching process.


The global banking and financial crisis of 2007-2008 has reignited efforts to develop early warning models which can aid in predicting bank failures. The primary objective of this study is to identify the main determinants of bank failures in Jamaica by analysing the predictive power of financial ratios motivated by the CAMELS framework. Additionally, the resulting scoring model has been useful in identifying known periods of fragility and can be used as a tool going forward to assess potential risks to financial stability. This study also applies the logistic regression methodology to a panel of deposit taking institutions using quarterly data over the period March 2008 and December 2017. Results from the analysis demonstrate that non-performing loans to total loans and regulatory capital to risk-weighted assets are significantly and positively related to the probability of default of Jamaican deposit taking institutions. The finding for the regulatory capital to risk-weighted assets ratio is consistent with expectations that higher capital requirements may increase fragility as banks may be incentivised to take on additional risk.


Scientific illustrations, thanks to the vision of great artists fascinated by astronomical research and astronautics, have provided us with an accurate depiction of the possible views which mankind will one day observed from locations other than our planet. In this talk I will pay homage to some of these geniuses who serve science, and underline the scientific, artistic, political, and social implications deriving from a wise use of space-art.


A (110)-oriented p-i-n structure with GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells (QWs) was fabricated, and the effect of an applied electric field on the electron spin relaxation time was investigated by utilizing polarization- and time-resolved photoluminescence measurements. We demonstrated a tenfold modulation of the electron spin relaxation time from 4.0 to 0.3 ns in the QWs through the Rashba spin-orbit coupling induced by applying an external electric field at room temperature.


The tyrosine kinase inhibitor pazopanib appeared to have differing effects among different histologic subtypes of soft-tissue sarcoma, according to a new study conducted in Japan.


Abstract : The Contingency Task Training (CTT) Scenario Generator was developed in response to Request for Personnel Research (RPR) 84-02 from Headquarters Air Training Command (HQ ATC) and the USAF Occupational Measurement Center (USAFOMC) . The intent of the scenario generator is to develop simple contingency scenarios which, when attached to standard task surveys, could be used to determined the critical wartime tasks needed in all Air Force Specialties (AFSs) . The scenario generator is a user-friendly, microcomputer-based program written in Pascal 4.0. The User's Manual provides step-by-step instructions on creating a scenario using the scenario generator. Three types of conflict scenarios can be created: high-, mid-, and low-intensity conflicts. An easily accessible, on- line help file provides definitions of all variables used in the scenarios. Appendices provide a listing of the variables, directions on using the on-line help file, and instructions for modifying the scenario generator. (kr)


The CFG pile was simply introduced,and its application in the low-high-rise residential building group foundation construction was emphasis introduced.The paper started with the determination of construction technology,then the construction,quality control and detection of CFG pile were illustrated and generalized,so as to popularize the CFG pile application in the engineering.


An anaerobic pretreatment of wastewater from coking process with Anaerobic Sequential Batch Reactor (ASBR) at a mild temperature of 35 ℃ was studied.The granular solid sludge for inoculation, which was cultivated with sucrose as the substrate,had been acclimated for 225 days.The results of determination by BMP (Biological Methane Potential) showed that the maximum methanation rate of the wastewater from coking process was 41.9%.Orthogonal test was made to evaluate the effects of three process conditions on CODCr removal efficiency,including ratio of water filling time to reaction time (tf/tr),methane agitation intensity and intermittent agitation.In addition,optimization of these three process conditions was studied.


The utility of a virtual reality system was examined in the visualization of three‐dimensional (3D) ultrasound images of fetal ambiguous genitalia.


At synchrotron radiation sources, parabolic refractive x‐ray lenses allow one to built both full field and scanning microscopes in the hard x‐ray range. The latter microscope can be operated in transmission, fluorescence, and diffraction mode, giving chemical, elemental, and structural contrast. For scanning microscopy, a small and intensive microbeam is required. Parabolic refractive x‐ray lenses with a focal distance in the centimeter range, so‐called nanofocusing lenses (NFLs), can generate hard x‐ray nanobeams in the range of 100 nm and below, even at short distances, i. e., 40 to 70 m from the source. Recently, a 47 × 55 nm2 beam with 1.7 ⋅ 108 ph/s at 21 keV (monochromatic, Si 111) was generated using silicon NFLs in crossed geometry at a distance of 47m from the undulator source at beamline ID13 of ESRF. This beam is not diffraction limited, and smaller beams may become available in the future. Lenses made of more transparent materials, such as boron or diamond, could yield an increase in flux of o...


A sub-bottom profiler survey was conducted at offshore areas of Lac de Neuchǎtel in March, 1987. The objective was to characterize and understand the lacustrine geomorphology (sediments and geological features) at the archaeological sites of Cortaillod, Hauterive-Champreveyres, and St. Blaise by means other than systematic coring such as was carried out at Cortaillod-Est. Additionally, it allowed the optimum placement of subsequent cores. The high resolution acoustical profiling revealed several interesting geomorphological features such as relatively thick alluvial and colluvial sediments at the two sites of Cortaillod-Est and Les Esserts overlying glacial/post-glacial unconformities (formations). At St. Blaise-Hauterive, the southward trend of the Marin reef structure was found to be covered along much of its length with Holocene sediments, as were several suspected nearby stream channels or distributaries. These channels are completely filled with stratified sediments, most probably of Holocene origin. These channels may have been sub-aerially active in the early Post-Glacial and hence provide clues to the development of Lake Neuchǎtel in the early Holocene. The results of this study are the basis for future, more detailed, studies of these sediments as to their origin and composition.


The invention relates to a narrow linewidth multi-wavelength erbium-doped fiber laser based on oxidized graphene. The narrow linewidth multi-wavelength erbium-doped fiber laser is composed of a wavelength division multiplexer, an erbium-doped fiber, a polarization controller a, a polarization dependent isolator, a polarization controller b, a polarization maintaining fiber, a capillary tube, an oxidized graphene and an optical coupler which are connected by single mode fiber to form a loop resonant cavity, wherein an input end a of the wavelength division multiplexer is connected with a pump source; a segment of single mode fiber with the end face coated by an oxidized graphene solution is arranged in the capillary tube; the diameter of the single mode fiber is matched with the diameter of the capillary tube; an output end f of the optical coupler is an output end of the entire laser. According to the laser, the oxidized graphene solution is plated on the end face of the single mode fiber after a plurality of times of dip coating, the capillary tube is utilized as a platform to realize fiber butting, and the oxidized graphene is used as a novel nonlinear medium to be connected to the loop resonant cavity to realize firm output of multi-wavelength. The laser is simple in structure, low in cost, obvious in technical and economic effects and suitable for popularization and application.