ABSTRACT In the early 1990s some strategic thinkers in Western defence establishments drew attention to a historic revolution in military affairs that was occurring at the time. One model of this revolution which called for the intensive use of information technology to develop network-centric and rapid decisive operations became ascendant. Now, though, military leaders and strategists are questioning the universal applicability of this model, driven by the insurgencies in Iraq and Afghanistan, and the global war on terrorism. The orthodox model itself is undergoing revision to better confront asymmetric and irregular opponents. Three alternatives have emerged as options or supplements to the orthodox model: the Holistic Security approach, Unrestricted Warfare and Global Insurgency. Ultimately armed conflict may determine which of these models (or what combination of them) is most effective. 1. INTRODUCTION Beginning in the early 1990s a handful of forward looking strategic thinkers in Western defence establishments concluded that the world was in the midst of an historic revolution in military affairs (RMA). Within a few years this idea had been widely accepted by strategic thinkers, scholars, and military leaders around the world. As this revolution developed, though, it followed a typical pattern. Initially the revolutionaries who sought to transform their militaries to reflect the revolution faced opposition. Eventually they gained acceptance and the idea that a revolution was taking place was almost universally accepted, even among armed forces unable to capitalise on it. (1) After a brief period, one model of the revolution--the Joint Vision approach--gained ascendance, at least in terms of the effort and investment devoted to it. Today, events are forcing a re-evaluation of the expansive claims made by the initial revolutionaries. Equally importantly, they are giving rise to alternative, competing models of the military revolution. So far these have not received nearly the intellectual effort or resourcing as the initial model, but the certainty and consensus that existed a few years ago concerning the nature of future warfare is no longer so firm. As this article indicates, (2) strategic thinkers are in a time of assessment, re-evaluation and revolutionary thermidor. The outcome will shape the global security environment for years to come. 2. REVOLUTIONARY ASCENT The concept of military revolutions is--similar to chess or the Chinese game of Go--deceptively simple in essence but imbued with vast implications and complexities. The basic idea is that at certain times in history, some innovative combination of technology, new organisations, and new concepts led to rapid and dramatic increases in the combat effectiveness of military forces that mastered them, thus giving them at least a temporary advantage over their opponents. Those who mastered military revolutions, the theory held, were in some cases able to translate them into long-term or even permanent strategic advantages. Contemporary Western thinking on military revolutions emerged from Soviet writings of the 1970s and 1980s, particularly a series of papers by Marshal N V Ogarkov. (3) The Soviets approached military affairs in a quintessentially Marxist fashion, arguing that history is driven by great revolutionary discontinuities. Inspired by the potential of new technology, particularly information technology, and facing a range of strategic challenges, a small group in the United States of America (US) Department of Defense centred on an internal think tank called the Office of Net Assessment, became the centre of advocacy for the concept of military revolutions. (4) Within a few years the initial revolutionaries had convinced the civilian and military leadership of the US Department of Defense that a military revolution was underway and that the US should capitalise on it. The American concept of the revolution was encapsulated in a document known as Joint Vision 2010 (soon followed by a revision known as Joint Vision 2020). …


The present invention relates to the wireless communication field, in particular to a tracing area list updating controlling method and a system for resolving the problems in the prior art of the complex updating controlling and the enormous paging loading in the wireless communication system caused by the enormous TA list which is updated and controlled by the UE and core network control node. In the present invention, when the UE supervises that the duration time of leaving a TA reaches the presetting time length, the TA identification corresponding to the TA list is deleted, and the deleting result is informed to the core network control node; the core network control node synchronistically deletes the TA list local stored the UE according to the deleting result. The technical proposal of the present invention is adopted to control the size of the TA list, thus the complexity of updating controlling the TA list is reduced, the performances of the UE and the core network control node are improved, and simultaneously the paging area is also reduced and the paging loading of the wireless communication system is reduced.


Providing an electronic document A method and apparatus is disclosed. Terminal of at least one association section in accordance with the then display a portion of the electronic document, and select the predetermined period of the text contained in a portion of the displayed electronic document, and determining a selected segment and at least one associated portion of the associated electronic document, the user input the display.


Optimal localization is needed to remove the hazards generated in patient treatment through distortion correction, automatic detection method for fiduciary markers and target tumor. Automatic detection algorithms for DSA and CT were developed. Base on these algorithms, an error correction algorithm was proven to be adequate for stereotactic radiosurgery despite its having some errors. In the case of image fusion, with overall algorithms, DSA/CT/MRI could be integrated to provide better resolution as well as pathological information.


At present,the method of spot sampling and lab analysis is mostly adopted in our country's water quality monitoring.In order to improve real time and intelligent performance of water quality monitoring,this thesis puts forward a water quality monitoring system based on handset SMS.The system is composed of water quality collection subsystem and monitoring center subsystem and monitors the change of water quality by water quality sensors.If there is some change,the system will transmit real time water quality data in SMS format to water quality monitoring center and related managers' handsets for betimes disposal.The system can monitor water quality automatically and has reactive ability of gusty incident.


Abstract : The United States is a major trading partner with Trinidad and Tobago, and many ships transport dangerous cargoes like liquefied natural gas (LNG) from the port of Point Fortin to Eastern seaboard ports in the United States. Despite the potential danger these cargoes pose, they were not viewed as a particular threat to the United States until the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001, when aircraft were used as weapons of mass destruction. Since the 11 September attacks, the United States has taken measures that will make it very difficult for terrorists to initiate a similar attack. A determined terrorist will now have to be more imaginative and look further afield to find targets to strike. Many terrorists may look to the sea for such targets of opportunity. One possibility is that terrorists could capture an inbound tanker loaded with LNG, blow it up, and in doing so cause a number of casualties and serious infrastructure damage. The author attempts to answer the following question: Given the potentially dangerous cargoes that sail the sea from Trinidad and Tobago to ports in the United States, what measures should be adopted to increase maritime security to deter potential terrorists from following this course of action?


Plants images in painting, mosaics, scientific illustration, herbals and books or agro-botanical iconography is a valuable resource of the information about the history of the spread of various phenotypes, such as turbanoformis form of pumpkin in the past century in different regions of the world


Taufik rizqon, 50134951. 2017, "Identify the occurrence off ice flower on evaporator in MV Oriental jade". Diploma IV, Teknika, Merchant Marine Polytechnic of Semarang, Supervisor I: : H. Suwondo,MM, M, Mar.E and Supervisor II: Capt. Marihot Simanjuntak, MM Refrigerant plant is refrigrant that used to preserve foodstuffs by storing in cold room and the temperature should be keep also adjusted to the material that being stored, so foodstuffs are always in fresh condition. A problem in refrigerant plant especially evaporator's error can cause temperature in cold room become abnormal or decrease. Things to do to make cold room's temperature become normal is maintenance and repairs on refrigerant plant's parts especially the evaporator that appropriate with right procedure and manual book. Given the importance of the function of the food cooling machine (refrigerant plant) then the existence of the refrigerant plant should be treated properly. In this case the authors use the SWOT method approach, Factors of strength, weakness, oppurtunities and threats, it can be seen how the solution to overcome what factors cause the decrease in capacity on the compressor . The SWOT analysis can be applied by analyzing and sorting things that affect the four factors, then applying them in SWOT matrix images, where the application is how strengths are able to take advantage of the opportunities (oppurtunities) that exist, how to overcome weaknesses ( weakness) that prevents the advantages of oppurtunities, then how strengths are able to deal with existing threats, and the last is how to overcome weaknesses that can make threats become real or create a new threat. By doing right procedure and appropriate with manual book in maintenance and repairment of refrigeration food (refrigerant plant). May the temperature in refrigeration food can be reach or back to normal. So shipping activities can run fluently and the company doesn't lose due to the destruction of ship operation. At the end of thesis the writer give the conclusion and suggestion.
Keywords: evaporator, Refrigerant plant, SWOT


Pea (Pisum sativum L.) locally named as "matar" is one of the most important legume vegetables crops in India. It is grown for its edible seeds having growing season of at least five months duration. It belongs to the family (Fabaceae) Leguminosae, originated from common pea and is considered to be native of Ethiopia, the Mediterranean and Central Asia. Like other legumes, pea has high in protein and carbohydrates. It contains a high per cent of digestible protein (7.2 g/100g) of edible portion and good content of vitamins, like vitamins A (139 IU), vitamins B (0.25mg/100g) and vitamins C (9mg/100gm). It is also very rich in minerals such as phosphorus (139mg/100g), magnesium (34mg/100gm) and Iron (1.5mg/100gm) (Bose et al., 1993). Mature seed contain (100g weight food) 10.9g water, 22.9g protein, 1.4g fat, 60.7g carbohydrate, 1.4g International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 8 Number 05 (2019) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


Continuous measurement of bladder volume by Lilium α-200 is feasible within normal range of bladder capacity. • Bladder volume of adult patients was periodically measured by Lilium α-200 during V-UDS. • A small US probe was placed on the suprapubic region to measure bladder volume every one minute. • After the initial US measurement, post-void residual (PVR) urine was drained by a catheter. • Filling cystometry (20 ml/min) in supine position was performed with US measurements.


Hannah Arendt's idea of freedom can be said to have two main sources, the first being the Greek polis and the Roman res publica ; the second St. Augustine and the Christian idea of a spontaneous new beginning ( creatio ex nihilo ). These two notions of freedom, which Arendt attempts to combine in her political theory, are not totally compatible. The first or republican idea of freedom is elitist in its content and presuppositions, whereas the second or Augustinian concept has an egalitarian core. This chapter examines both ideas, with specific attention to the tensions they generate in Arendt's work (section I). In the second (shorter and concluding) section, I show how Arendt's theory of political freedom is embedded in a narrative philosophy of history about the decline of man as a political animal, a narrative derived, for the most part, from the first (Graeco-Roman and elitist) concept of freedom. This concept of freedom also provides the normative basis for much of her critique of contemporary politics. We should, as a result, be somewhat skeptical about certain elements of this critique (Arendt's entirely negative view of politics as the quest for social justice, for example) even as we utilize her profounder insights about the nature of politics and freedom.


Aiming at the problem of replica selection optimization in cloud storage load balancing technology, a new dynamic selection algorithm based on genetic algorithm(GASA in short ) is proposed. According to the principle of genetic algorithm, the model of dynamic selection strategy based on genetic algorithm is constructed, and then the key steps of the replica selection criteria and genetic algorithm are mapped, and then the optimal solution is obtained by using the probability equation. Lastly. simulation results from cloud test bed. which is based on Optorsim. show that GASA can reduce data access latency and bandwidth consumption. and effectively achieve cloud load balancing between storage nodes and improve the speed of data access.


In this written Declaration submitted on behalf of the City of Richmond, California in its suit with Wells Fargo and other plaintiff banking institutions in September of 2013, Professor Hockett defends both (a) his eminent domain plan for deeply underwater private label securitized mortgage debt, and (b) municipalities like Richmond that adopt the plan. Well-known structural impediments currently block even creditor-friendly mortgage debt write-downs, he argues, such that cities adopting the plan will accordingly be benefitting debtors and creditors alike. Banks and other institutions that oppose the plan, he therefore argues, oppose it not in their capacities as portfolio loan or mortgage-backed securities (MBS) holders, but in their capacities as second lien holders - capacities that do not lend them standing to sue in the present action.


The energy of the vibrational mode with spherical symmetry, in which the ionic cores oscillate in the radial direction around the equilibrium geometry (ionic breathing mode) is calculated for trivalent (AlN, 2≤N≤50) and monovalent (NaN, 2≤N≤73; CsN, 2≤N≤74) metallic clusters. The ground-state total energy is calculated using density functional theory, with a spherically averaged pseudopotential to describe the ion–electron interaction and optimizing the geometry by the simulated annealing technique. The energy of the ionic mode is calculated by diagonalization of the dynamical matrix including the electronic relaxation in the linear response approximation. The compressibility and bulk modulus of the metallic cluster are obtained from the energies of the monopole oscillations. These energies present a linear behavior on the inverse of the cluster radius, which is analyzed using a semiclassical liquid drop mass formula for the total energy of the clusters and a scaling model. The values of the vibrational frequencies present electronic shell closing effects for the three metals.©1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


The paper concerns the current situation in the Georgian fuel market. The situation in the relevant market over the last ten years has been analyzed. Studies and Monitoring documents and studies conducted by relevant market regulatory bodies are reviewed. The trends are highlighted,what results can be brought by the actions taken in the direction of establishing a competitive environment; The steps taken by the state institutions are outlined and evaluated in relation to increasing the effectiveness of competitive conditions in the relevant market; Conclusions and recommendations have been formed as a result of processing the obtained information, the analysis of the researches carried out by the state institutions regarding the market and the mutual summation of the identifies trends; How coordinated the state apparatus is in the direction of improving the competitive environment; How effective are the steps taken, how precisely the conducted studies reflect the reality; and recommendations are offered, both, specifically in the direction of improving competition in the fuel market, as well as institutional or functional improvement of competitive environment.
In order to make the perception of the situation more clearly visible, the market of the state procurement of fuel is reviewed and analyzed in relation to the general picture obtained.
Finally, the conclusion, together with the recommendations, states that the competition on the fuel market is more of a myth than a reality, as a number of issues are still unclear and need to be clarified.
Keywords - Competition, fuel market, state regulation, concentration, State procurement, Consolidated tender


FIELD: food industry. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to composition intended for consumption by mammals, preferably infants. Composition contains at least one long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid, at least one probiotic and a mixture of oligosaccharides. Said mixture contains at least one N-acetylated oligosaccharide, at least one sialylated oligosaccharide and at least one neutral oligosaccharide. EFFECT: composition is used as a synthetic nutrient for use in brain growth and/or cognitive and/or psychomotor development in infants, notably preterm infants. 13 cl, 3 dwg, 4 tbl


Peculiarities the integrating structures formation in food industry are researched. Preconditions and motives of integration in external and internal market are exposed. The methodical approach for making the integration structure is offered.


Salicylic acid (SA) is an important signal transduction molecule that helps plants overcome external stress conditions. Drought stress can strongly impact plants during cultivation. In this study, we investigated the effects of pretreating Chinese cabbage seedlings with exogenous SA during drought stress through physiological and biochemical analyses. The study lasted for 39 days, including a period of 23-day during which Chinese cabbage seedlings were pretreated with SA. Plants were pretreated three or six times with SA (10 -4 M) or left untreated (control), and subjected to a 12-day drought period. Leaf samples were harvested before (day 0) and on days 3, 6, 9, and 12 of the drought period. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content, photosynthesis rate, chlorophyll fluorescence, total chlorophyll content, and antioxidant enzyme (catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase) activities were determined during the drought period. Pretreatment with SA led to enhanced drought tolerance in Chinese cabbage seedlings. Pretreating seedlings six times was found to be more efficacious than three times. SA pretreatment reduced MDA synthesis and prevented leaf rolling and leaf scorching. Additionally, SA pretreatment preserved the photosynthetic apparatus and counteracted the reduced activity of antioxidant enzymes. These results demonstrate that pretreatment with exogenous SA protects Chinese cabbage seedlings from oxidative stress and promotes their growth. We thus conclude that pretreatment with exogenous SA can enhance drought tolerance in Chinese cabbage seedlings. Additional key words: abiotic stress, antioxidant enzyme, oxidative stress, photosynthetic apparatus, reactive oxygen species (ROS)


After completing this article, readers should be able to:

1. List the three cells from which mouse pluripotential stem cells can be derived.

2. List the types of specific cells that have been differentiated from murine embryonic stem cells in laboratory investigations.

3. Delineate the potential methods of using human stem cells to minimize immunologic rejection after transplantation.

4. Describe some of the issues requiring resolution before human stem cells can be used in therapies.

The dream of one day being able to provide an unlimited supply of human tissues for transplantation came one step closer 2 years ago when two teams of scientists from Johns Hopkins University and the University of Wisconsin announced the successful derivation of human pluripotential stem cells (PSCs). This research immediately caught the public's eye because of its enormous impact on transplantation therapies and the sources of tissues. Human stem cells are renewable in culture and are capable of differentiating into a wide variety of tissue types. The unlimited ability to divide and the capability to form into almost every cell type provide the source of replacement cells for transplantation and raise the hopes of numerous patients who have debilitating conditions, such as Parkinson disease, Alzheimer disease, stroke, and type I diabetes. Human stem cells will be important for in vitro studies of human gene discovery, for pharmaceutical research such as drug toxicology studies for screening and testing, and as a renewable source of cells for tissue transplantation and gene therapies. In addition to clinical applications, human stem cells provide a powerful tool for biomedical research into human embryogenesis, specific gene functions, and lineage development.

PSCs, primarily embryonic stem (ES) cells, have been used extensively in studies of embryogenesis, gene function, and development in the mouse. Present in the early stages of embryo development, PSCs can generate all of …


Nutritional studies are of considerable importance in phytopathogenic fungi and more so in the case of hyperparasites infecting plantes of economical significance. A perusal of literature revealed that practically no such studies have been undertaken so far, on the well known and notorious hyperparasite (mycoparasite) Ampelomyces quisqualis Ces. (= Cicinnobolus cesatii de Bary) which in widely distributed and known to suppress growth and spread of perithecial as well as conidial states of various powdery mildews. This paper presents an account of effect of pH, nitrogen sources, vitamins and trace elements on five isolates of Ampelomyces quisqualis being reported here for the first time.


The radiation background were performed in the historical center of Kharkiv with its cultural and religious historical objects, city administration, educational institutions, banking establishments, numerous cafes and restaurants, as well as shops is always important.

Purpose. To perform the study of the state of radiation background in the historical center of Kharkiv and the radiation pollution maps construction.

Methods. Using the dosimeter MKC-05 "TEPPA", regression mapping methods

Results. Continuous X-ray and gamma-ray dose rate measurements were conducted on the territory of Kharkiv city center, which is bounded by the Lopan and Kharkiv rivers prior to their confluence, during October 2019. A simple model for constructing the field of radiation background on the terrain according to the results of the dose rate of continuous X-ray and gamma radiation measurements at a finite number of fixed observation points using the equation of a continuous linear regression along a broken line connecting the center of the zone to the farthest peripheral anti-clockwise, or counter - clockwise to the outer center was developed. The radiation pollution maps were developed according to the average values of the radiation dose rate, which has been calculated using both regression models. The error of the model has been considered as a half of the absolute difference of these values. It was determined that the maximum dose rate was observed near the 23rd checkpoint - the beginning of the Kharkiv Bridge. The minimum dose rate - at the 16th and 17th points - the "arrows" of two rivers - Lopan and Kharkiv and near the 24th point - in the square on the Kharkiv river embankment.

Conclusions. The condition of the radiation background in the territory of the historical center of Kharkiv during October 2019 is within the normal range. The model made it possible to build a reliable map of radiation pollution on the controlled area based on local measurements results at a certain number of control points and to determine the absolute prediction error, which did not exceed the instrument division. The model can be used for monitoring other types of pollution.


The first part of this essay focuses on how we relate to the landscape at the international and the national level today. The landscape convention is presented and compared to actual current Swedis ...


Despite substantial botanical evidence for the kinds of plants and cereals cultivated by early farming communities in southern Africa during the first millennium ad, there remains a poor understanding of where gardens would have been located. Data from archaeological sites in the Thukela Basin of South Africa (e.g. Ndondondwane) are presented in support of the hypothesis that many small plots of vegetables, cucurbits and cereals were planted within settlements as a complement to larger fields placed outside settlements.


Lifestyle factors are widely being implicated in the prognosis and recurrent development of many cancers. As the incidence of various cancers is rapidly increasing in Nigeria, with limited and expensive treatment options; lifestyle changes have been proposed to help curb the disease. The aim of this study is to elicit the salient behavioral, normative and control beliefs of Nigerian doctors regarding providing lifestyle counseling to cancer patients and developing a valid and reliable questionnaire to this effect based on the Theory of Planned Behavior. Three phases of the theory are described including; belief elicitation, questionnaire development and pilot study. The elicitation study identified the salient modal beliefs underlying Nigerian doctor's motivations to provide lifestyle counseling. A questionnaire was constructed incorporating all the key theoretical constructs of TPB, content validated by three experts and piloted on a sample of 30 doctors for internal consistency and temporal stability analysis. The questionnaire proved to be reliable with Cronbach's alpha coefficients of >0.7 and significant Intraclass correlation coefficient was observed for most variables. The study shed light on the beliefs of Nigerian doctors on providing lifestyle counseling and the instrument developed demonstrated acceptable evidence of content validity and reliability.


With a view to look for direct methods of diagnostics of microbiological processes occurring in the soil, suitable application methods have been worked out so as to allow visual estimation of microbiological activity which can be expressed in terms of quantitative indices. The suggested techniques help to establish the heterotrophic structure of the Ap zone and some specific phenomena taking place in the related soil horizons. The methods which have been successfully employed to study the processes occurring in rice soils, can considerably supplement the conventional procedures of microbiological investigation of the soil.


Record fabrication temperature, 100°C, of a single junction amorphous Si solar cell was demonstrated by a high-density plasma method. Present solar cell revealed conversion efficiency of 7.4% at 200°C (4.1% at 135°C).


Objectives To compare treatment patterns, risk factors and cardiovascular disease (CVD) event rates in the UK from 2008 to 2017. Design Retrospective cohort study using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink. Setting UK primary care. Participants We selected 10 annual cohorts of patients with documented CVD receiving lipid-lowering therapy and the subsets with myocardial infarction (MI). Each cohort included patients ≥18 years old, with ≥1 year of medical history and ≥2 lipid-lowering therapy prescriptions in the prior year. Primary and secondary outcome measures For each annual cohort, we identified cardiovascular risk factors and lipid-lowering therapy and estimated the 1-year composite rate of fatal and non-fatal MI, ischaemic stroke (IS) or revascularisation. Results The documented CVD cohort mean age was 71.6 years in 2008 (N=173 424) and 72.5 (N=94 418) in 2017; in the MI subset, mean age was 70.1 years in 2008 (N=38 999) and 70.4 in 2017 (N=25 900). Both populations had larger proportions of men. In the documented CVD cohort, the proportion receiving high-intensity lipid-lowering therapy from 2008 to 2017 doubled from 16% to 32%; in the MI subset, the increase was 20% to 48%. In the documented CVD cohort, the proportion of patients with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) <1.8 mmol/L increased from 28% to 38%; in the MI subset, the proportion with LDL-C <1.8 mmol/L increased from 32% to 42%. The composite event rate per 100 person-years declined over time, from 2.5 to 2.0 in the documented CVD cohort, and from 3.7 to 2.8 in the MI subset. After excluding revascularisation from the composite outcome, the decline in the event rate in both populations was substantially attenuated. Conclusions Despite an increase in high-intensity therapy use and a decline in revascularisation, more than half of patients did not receive high-intensity lipid-lowering therapy by 2017 and incidence rates of MI and IS remained virtually unchanged.


An upward-cutting, cut-and-throw, forage harvester was previously shown to reduce specific energy requirements by 30 to 34%, but it also had a 27% shorter throwing distance than a conventional, cut-and-blow, forage harvester. The upward-cutting, cut-and-throw, forage harvester was modified to improve the throwing/blowing characteristics while maintaining the specific energy advantage. By increasing the open area in the sidewalls of the cutterhead housing, the air speed through the discharge spout was increased from 8.6 to 21.5 m/s, which significantly improved throwing distance. A video method was used to observe that cut material was engaged with the cutterhead knife for a significant fraction of a revolution, such that the crop left the cutterhead in a wide, nonconcentrated pattern. A throwing countersurface mounted below and perpendicular to the knife improved particle release. The throwing distance improved and the energy requirement increased with a smaller relief dimension from the countersurface to the knife tip. With a 9-mm relief, 9- and 12-knife cutterheads produced mean throwing distances 4 and 11% shorter, respectively, than a cut-and-blow harvester harvesting alfalfa; and 6 and 14% shorter, respectively, than a cut-and-blow harvester harvesting corn. The 9-knife cutterhead produced a throwing distance closer to that of the cut-and-blow harvester than the 12-knife cutterhead due to greater air velocity in the spout. With a 9-mm relief, 9- and 12-knife cutterheads resulted in specific energy requirements 21 and 24% lower, respectively, than a cut-and-blow harvester harvesting alfalfa; and 14 and 25% lower, respectively, than a cut-and-blow harvester when harvesting corn. The 12-knife cutterhead produced greater specific energy reductions than the 9-knife cutterhead due to lower peak cutting and mat compression loads.


The article analyses the satisfaction of learners to the courses and professions in "a college student for a village" project by means of investigation and the discussion.The conclusion concludes four aspects: First,learners have higher satisfaction to the courses and professions.Second,the satisfaction to basic and practical courses is significantly higher than other module courses.Third,the satisfaction to the profession of horticultural technique is significantly higher.Lastly,learners' harvest is larger.The research shows that we must further enhance the adaptability and practicality of courses and professions,expanding professional categories.


The effects of mechanical and chemical dissolution on 100 human senile cataracts were tested in vitro. Senile cataracts obtained immediately after surgical removal were grouped in three classes according to transparency, color and hardness (resistance to perforation). Dissolution of the lenses by various chemicals during push‐pull aspirations was tested by weighing and by photography of cataracts before and after treatment. Mechanical forces deaggregated senile cataracts depending on the specific cataract types. Guanidine hydrochloride in 1 Molar concentration accelerated the rate of cataract breakdown in vitro.


This study expects to portray and break down the most common way of getting ready Local Regionall Property Needs Plans (RKBMD) by Territorial Devices in Minahasa Regime. This study utilized subjective examination techniques. The administration of local property in the Minahasa Rule Government, for this situation the readiness of the Regionall Property Needs Plans (RKBMD) in the Minahasa Regime Government, has not worked out positively. This is a direct result of the 4 (four) perspectives contemplated, it makes sense of that the primary hindrance in the correspondence viewpoint is socialization, when seen from the fundamental asset viewpoint it very well may be presumed that the absence of human and monetary assets is a deterrent in the asset perspective, and in The demeanor angle should be visible from the absence of mindfulness in doing liabilities as an authority overseeing territorial property and from the part of regulatory construction where there is an absence of comprehension of SOPs in regards to the readiness of Regionall Property Needs Plans (RKBMD).


Put forward a kind of vehicles dispatch problem for Bus Rapid Transit(BRT) based on maximum economic benefit of bus.A simulation optimization model based on the tabu search algorithm is designed for solving this problem.Through many simulation experiments,the simulation experiment results show that the application of the algorithm to the study of BRT vehicle dispatch simulation optimization is of great practical value.


This paper studied the mechanism of assembly deformation of guideway and proposed an assembly process to improve assembly precision of guideway. Firstly, the mechanism of assembly deformation is studied based on the theory of statically indeterminate beam. Secondly, an experiment is carried out on a test-bed, the result is consistent with the theoretical analysis. Finally, an assembly technology is proposed to improve assembly precision of guideway and the effectiveness of the proposedtechnology is validated experimentally.


Recently, biomimetic robots have received great attention as an alternative to overcome the limit of conventional robots. However, there is no standardized methodology to design and determine the specifications of biomimetic robots. In this paper, the concept of allometric scaling and its application to biomimetic robot design considerations are discussed. Also, characteristics of motion data of small insects and animals, which are eight species of crawling and eight species of flying creatures, all with less than 400 g in weight, are investigated. These are used to compare with those of recently presented biomimetic robots as a function of the body mass in several categories, including the velocity, angular velocity, acceleration, stride frequency, and wing beat frequency. The results show that the characteristics of most of the small biomimetic robots approximately fit in the allometric scaling of insects and animals. However, it is found that some small robots have characteristics which are quite different to those predictable from the allometric scaling law. Learning from nature may be a solution to design and determine the specifications of biomimetic robots, and the allometric scaling can be the one of the methods that can help define the achievable performance envelope.


There are two prevalent interpretations of the impact of globalization upon the State. According to one of them, de-regulated across-the-border dynamics challenge State sovereignty and its operative capabilities, leading to its eventual demise. The State is, then, a victim of globalization, the latter being conceived as the outcome of both technological innovations and market incentives. A second opposite interpretation views the State as globalization»s midwife, globalization being a politically, not just economically, propelled process. Both interpretations are discussed here. Subsequently an alternative interpretation is advanced, which focuses on contemporary State/globalization tensions as the most recent chapter of a centuries-long process of clashes and compromises between the State's territorial basis and the transterritorial dynamics of capitalism deployed in international settings of uneven distribution of resources, scientific and technological information, and political power. As this process evolves, some State capabilities shrink, others are reinforced, and new ones are realized as needed.


Effective use of herbicides for the control of annual grass and broadleaf weeds in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) was not a reality in Ethiopia, until in recent years. This study aimed at evaluating different post-emergence herbicides against annual grasses and broadleaf weeds in wheat for selection and incorporation into an integrated weed management (IWM) system. The study was conducted at Kulumsa Agricultural Research Centre main station, Bekoji and Lole farm fields. Treatments included herbicides, namely, Mesosulfron methyl+Idosulfuron methyl sodium (liquid) 1 lit ha -1 a.i. Pyroxsulam (liquid) 0.5 l ha -1 a.i. hand weeding twice (30-35 and 55-60 days after emergence (DAE)); and a weedy check. Among the annual grass weeds, Snowdenia polystachya, Avena fatua, Bromus pectinatus, Phalaris paradoxa and Setaria pumila ; and most broad leaf weeds like Polygonum nepalense, Guizotia scabra, Galinsoga parviflora and Gallium spurium were controlled with herbicide efficacy ranging from 75 to 100%. Mesosulfron methyl +Idosulfron methyl sodium, Pyroxulam and hand weeded twice plots outyielded the weedy check by 63, 58 and 53%, respectively. Maximum wheat grain yield (5,184 kg ha -1 ), biomass (12,808 kg ha -1 ), thousand kernel weight (48.55) and hectoliter weight (74.2) were obtained due to the application of Mesosulfron methyl+Idosulfuron methyl sodium. In addition, the herbicide had a yield advantage over Pyroxsulam, two hand weedings and the weedy check by 12, 21 and 63%, respectively. Application of Mesosulfron methyl + Idosulfuron methyl sodium (US$1,596.31 ha -1 ) had the highest net field benefit compared to Pyroxsulam (US$1,379.21 ha -1 ), two hand weeding (US$1,126.7 ha -1 ) and weedy check (US$574.1 ha -1 ) by 13.6, 29 and 64%, respectively. Moreover, the herbicide was also economically profitable to farmers, providing a marginal rate of return (MRR) of 1,737%. Sensitivity analysis (aMRR) also remained the most profitable even when the price of herbicide increased by 20%. Hence, Mesosulfron methyl +Idosulfuron methyl sodium at a rate of 1 lit ha -1 is thebest herbicide for the effective control of annual grasses and broad leaf weeds in wheat and can be used as one of the component in Integrated Weed Management Program (IWM) in wheat fields. Key Words : Idosulfuron methyl sodium, Mesosulfron methyl, Triticum aestivum


the patient is deemed node-positive. In fact, Van de Ven et al found that 90% of patients with node-positive esophageal adenocarcinoma had an involved node within 3 cm of the primary tumor.3 Skip metastases are extremely rare in esophageal adenocarcinoma, noted in less than 5% of patients.4 We therefore do not believe that many of our patients were understaged as pN0 despite our low median lymph node number. The reported low number of skip metastases may account for the lack of a clear survival benefit in patients undergoing a more radical lymphadenectomy. Dr. Incarbone is correct that our article has valuable implications for esophageal cancer patients, and probably for all types of solid tumors. It is true that our study did not have a large number of patients. However, in a much larger study with a much lower possibility of a Type II error, De Boer et al found that isolated tumor cells or micrometastases in the sentinel nodes of women with early-stage breast cancer led to a comparable significant decrease in 5-year disease-free survival rates.5 If we are to improve staging and ultimately survival in cancer patients, then we must not ignore the presence of isolated tumor cells in lymph nodes. We agree with Dr. Incarbone that sentinel lymph node biopsy is the obvious answer and that sentinel lymph node biopsy may become an essential component of surgical resection, not necessarily to avoid lymphadenectomy, but to better guide histopathological staging and adjuvant therapy.


The events of 11 September 2001 led the Australian Government to conduct a review of Australia's ability to counter terrorism. This article discusses the implications for liberalism of the package of six counter-terrorism Bills introduced into the Commonwealth Parliament as a result of that review.


During the second half of the 1992-93 school year a survey was conducted in four educational institutes of the city of Hodmezovasarhely. The objective was to assess the knowledge levels of teachers about AIDS. The average age of 100 respondents (65 female and 35 male) was 39 years. The AIDS questionnaire contained 13 + 1 questions. All respondents answered correctly the question about the type of human contact required for transmission and the system attacked. A relatively low percentage of errors was found in answering the questions about the spread of HIV the route of getting into the blood stream and the means of protection against AIDS. Several people were uncertain about the human body fluids that could infect and many did not know that HIV perishes in a short time after getting into the air. One-third of the respondents did not know the proportion of maternal-fetal transmission from an AIDS-infected mother and whether AIDS is a curable disease today. There was also uncertainty about the people who are most implicated in its spread. There was a surprisingly high proportion of correct answers from the Mate Gregus Animal Health Vocational Secondary School whereas there were deficiencies in the answers provided by the teaching staff of the Commerce and Hotel-Restaurant Management Vocational Secondary School. It is obvious that if a teacher is not properly prepared and lacks knowledge with regard to health maintenance his/her students will also have inadequate knowledge. Therefore it is fortunate that a course on the subject of health will be introduced in the school curriculum. The only major question is who should teach the students about health-related matters that have not been addressed by the curriculum so far.


Theoretical and experimental investigations were made of the influence of the detuning of the lasing frequency from the centre of the gain line on the modulation frequency ωm in a type-1 self-modulation regime when the cavity is characterised by amplitude and frequency nonreciprocities. The moduli and phases of the coupling coefficients of counter propagating waves are arbitrary. It is shown that the amplitude nonreciprocity of the cavity has a strong influence on the nature of the dependence of ωm on the frequency detuning. A comparison with the experimental results makes it possible to estimate the difference between the phases of the coupling coefficients of a ring Nd : YAG chip laser.


SummaryOsmic acid combined with a local anesthetic agent and corticosteroid was administered intra-articularly into 36 knee joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. A beneficial effect was observed in every case. Effusion and pain disappeared and the mobility of the injected joints increased. The effect lasted several months in most of the cases. No serious side-effects were noted.Histological examination revealed cell disintegration, granulation, pigmentation and occasionally an atypical giant cell reaction shortly after the injection of osmic acid, and later the retention of osmic acid compounds in the deep layers of the synovium.Surgery of the osmic-acid-treated knees showed that osmic acid had a specific affinity for the tissues affected by the rheumatoid process.


Recently, it was shown that fibroblast‐like cells (FLCs) possess the apparatus to mediate purinergic motor neurotransmission in the gastrointestinal tract. However, the electrophysiological properties of FLCs in situ have not been determined. We recorded two patterns of slow waves from longitudinal smooth muscle cells and circular smooth muscle cells, large amplitude slow waves from interstitial cells of Cajal, and spontaneous transient hyperpolarizations (STHs) from FLCs in the rabbit small intestine using intracellular recording combined with dye injection to identify the cellular morphology of impaled cells. Drugs that inhibit the signalling pathway involved in purinergic neurotransmission inhibited STHs in FLCs. Small amplitude STHs were recorded in smooth muscle cells but not in interstitial cells of Cajal, suggesting that STHs from FLCs were conducted passively to smooth muscle cells. We conclude that FLCs display the molecular apparatus necessary to mediate purinergic neurotransmission and may tonically dampen smooth muscle excitability in the rabbit small intestine by an ongoing discharge of STHs.


The role of 1,2-asymmetric induction has been investigated in the 1,3-anti-selective reduction of β-hydroxy ketones via intramolecular hydrosilylation. For the α-methyl β-hydroxy ketones 2a, 3a, the effect of the α-substituent is negligible except that it appears to reinforce 1,3-asymmetric induction. For the α-ethyl β-hydroxy ketones 2b, 3b, 1,3-asymmetric induction is dominant but not overwhelming. The super-acid TfOH2+ B(OTf)4– has been used as a catalyst for the hydrosilylation giving, in one case, an improved result when compared with previous methodology.


A number of different motor configurations have been proposed to either replace or augment the commonly applied three phase induction motor. Motors with permanent magnets, segmented stators, concentrated windings, five or six phase windings, cast copper rotors, salient pole rotors, solid rotors, and hybrid combinations of these have all been touted as having superior characteristics in one way or another. This paper will gather a wide range of competing technologies and compare and contrast them on a number of attributes. In addition to comparisons of efficiency, power factor, relative cost, and power density, these technologies will also be contrasted in regard to other specific benefits they may bring to an application. They will be compared as to how the technology scales to different sizes and speeds. They will also be compared as to their applicability to fixed and variable speed applications, including what simplicity or complexity that they may bring to an electronic controller that they may need to be matched with. In the end, this paper will provide a clean and consistent comparison of a range of possible technologies that may be used in applications in the petroleum and chemical industries.


We present a lightweight integration architecture as an enabler for the application of process optimization via Big Data analytics and machine learning in large scale, multi-site manufacturing companies by harmonizing heterogeneous data sources. The reference implementation of the architecture is entirely based on opensource software and makes use of message queuing techniques in combination with Big Data related storage and extraction technologies. The approach specifically targets challenges related to different network zones and security levels in enterprise information architectures and across divergent production sites.


The GNSS system allows on a planetary scale to fulfill navigation functions, that is, to determine the current location of consumers of navigation information and their speed and to carry out accurate time on the Earth's surface and in near-Earth space. There are several sources of errors that distort the code and the carrier of the navigation signal. The noise floor of the receiver error and the errors from multipath propagation of the signal are independent for each receiver. Multipath propagation of the signal is the main source of errors for high-precision navigation. In this paper we propose a methods for estimation of these errors, which are based on the properties of the time correlation of the multipath propagation of the navigation signal.


Aim To control two spacecrafts in rendezvous and docking missions by manipulating cameras and other end effectors using visual servo techniques.Methods Two-dimensional image data are introduced as feedback in visual servo algorithm along with the dynamics and kinematics models of spacecraft.Results Numerical simulation results are obtained,which satisfy the accuracy requirements.Conclusion Image-based visual servo method is simulated to efficiently help to solve the issue of guiding two aircrafts in rendezvous and docking missions.The selection of parameters and the design of controllers is proved to have crucial influence on the performance of the whole system.


Three new fossil localities have been discovered in the Cutwell Group on Long Island in western Notre Dame Bay, Central Newfoundland. Conularids, crinoids, ostracodes, and cephalopods occur in smal...


Although nuclear war would have proven equally deadly to all West Germans, only certain people at certain times mobilized against this potential danger. What explains the cyclicity of peace protest, the composition of movement activism, and variations in organizational structure over time? Adopting a political process framework, a three-pronged argument is made. The timing, duration, and size of peace mobilization cycles reflected the mix of opportunities and constraints provided by the public-policy process and other aspects of politics. The framing of defense issues by institutions and extraparliamentary groups strongly influenced the composition of movement activism. Adequate organizational capacities depended on the availability of autonomous extraparliamentary networks. Although the political process framework has usually served to analyze citizenship movements, it is adapted here to a public-good movement.


ABSTRACT In this paper,we propose a new predictor–corrector interior-point method for symmetric cone programming. This algorithm is based on a wide neighbourhood and the Nesterov–Todd direction. We prove that, besides the predictor steps, each corrector step also reduces the duality gap by a rate of , where r is the rank of the associated Euclidean Jordan algebras. In particular, the complexity bound is , where is a given tolerance. To our knowledge, this is the best complexity result obtained so far for interior-point methods with a wide neighbourhood over symmetric cones. The numerical results show that the proposed algorithm is effective.


The influence of B(a)P exposure on three different antioxidant enzyme activities and CYP450 gene expression were investigated in sandworm Perinereis aibuhitensis with body weight of 1. 5 g ± 0. 5 g in an indoor experiment. The CYP450 gene expression was shown to be positively related to exposure time and dosage of B(a)P,with up- regulation with time elapse and increase in B(a)P concentration. There was increase in activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase( CAT) and glutathione peroxidase( GPx) with increase in B( a) P concentration and the exposure time. SOD activity,however,was exhibited by higher concentration of B(a)P,and the activities of CAT and GPx were shown to be positive relation with the B(a)P concentration.


In this paper, we will emphasize the significance of Chinese information retrieval in this age of the Internet, and raise several important research issues which are fundamental and require further investigation. At the same time, we will point out some problems and requirements which have often been neglected in designing general Chinese IR systems. Furthermore, experiences obtained from the design of the Csmart system will be described also.


• are southeast natives, and so are largely adapted to our climate and pests, • are adaptable to varying soil conditions, • do not require trellising or staking, • attract pollinators and are attractive shrubs that can offer excellent fall color, • are highly nutritious and offer many health benefits, • are very easy to preserve, • are perennial plants and can provide good yields for 10 to 20 years.


Mixed architectures containing programmable and reconfigurable components may represent a solution to meet the growing need for processing capacity. Those architectures are so complex that their design and implementation requires long time because of the large set of possible solutions to explore. Therefore, it is necessary to use CAD tools to accelerate their design. In this context, we propose an implementation of the H.264/AVC motion estimation on an architecture composed of a Nios II processor and a Stratix 3 FPGA. This implementation is obtained using the CAD tool SynDEx-Mix that allows automatic algorithm operations partitioning/scheduling on the architecture operators and automatic generation of corresponding codes. The methodology approach is highlighted because all the operations necessary to achieve this implementation was done in two weeks.


Objective:To study the influence factors and to evaluate perfect conditions for the preparation of chitosan(CS) nanoparticles.Methods:The CS nanoparticles were prepared by ionotropic gelation of CS with tripolyphosphate(TPP) in different concentrations. The influences on the preparation of CS nanoparticles, including the concentrations of CS and TPP solution, the CS:TPP weight ratio and the pH in this reaction system were Observed.Results:There were significant influences on the preparation of CS nanoparticles in different reaction conditions. When the concentrations of CS and TPP solution were in the range of 0.4~2.5mg·ml 1, 0.4~1.5mg·ml 1, respectively, and the weight ratio,between 3∶1~6∶1, CS nanoparticles could be obtained stably.It was also found that the CS nanoparticles were stable in the solution with pH4.5~6.0, but precipitated above pH6.5.Conclusion:CS nanoparticles can be obtained by a mild ionotropic gelation procedure without organic solvents or surfactants.When the concentrations of CS and TPP, the weight ratio and the pH were in the ranges mentioned above, CS nanoparticles which satisfied the demands of application in biomedicine could be acquired.


This paper explores school effects in Japan, using a Multilevel Model Analysis. "School Effects" consider how schools can affect children's learning outputs. This is one of the important subjects in the sociology of education. Since the Coleman Reports of the 1960s, there has been much research investigating school effects all over the world. This is termed "School Effectiveness Research" (SER). Recently, SER researchers are planning comparative studies within countries, and this research has considerable attraction. Unfortunately, very few researchers in Japan knew about SER until 2000. Pioneers in SER in Japan are Nabeshima and Shimizu. They investigated school effects using the concept of "Effective Schools" conceived by Edmonds, one of the most famous early SER researchers. Japanese SER researchers argue that "Effective Schools" are characterized by "teacher cooperation," "leadership," and "good classroom climates." Finally, they conclude, "If all schools had these characteristics, social disadvantage would be less than at present." However, the concept of "Effective Schools" in Japan is problematic, and thus we need to reanalyze carefully the conclusions of pioneer SER research in Japan. In this paper, I firstly point out the lack of the concept of "Effective Schools" and propose a Multilevel Model Analysis (Hierarchical Linear Modeling) to analyze school effects. Secondly, I investigate school effects in Japan using the Multilevel Model Analysis, and analyze academic achievement tests at 5th grade conducted in Z City in the district of Kansai. The sample size is 3,366 children from 43 schools and explanatory variables are achievement score at 4th grade, children's gender, and children's cultural social class.


This study is aimed to investigate the effect of Ni precursor salts on the properties (textural, phase-structural, reducibility, and basicity), and catalytic performance of diatomite supported Ni-Mg catalyst in methanation of CO2. The NiMg/D-X catalysts derived from various nickel salts (X = S-sulfamate, N-nitrate or A-acetate) were synthesized by the precipitation-deposition (PD) method. The catalysts were characterized by N2-physisorption, XRD, TPR-H2, and TPD-CO2 techniques. The different catalytic activity (conversion) and selectivity, observed in CO2 methanation carried out under relatively mild conditions (atmospheric pressure; temperatures: 250-450 °C) are related and explained by the difference in textural properties, metallic Ni-crystallite size, reducibility, and basicity of studied catalysts. The results showed that catalyst derived from Ni-nitrate salt (NiMg/D-N) is more suitable for the preparation of efficient catalyst for CO2 methanation than its counterparts derived from sulfamate (NiMg/D-S) or acetate (NiMg/D-A) nickel salt. The NiMg/D-N catalyst showed the highest specific surface area and total basicity, and the best catalytic performance with CO2 conversion of 63.3 % and CH4 selectivity of 80.9 % at 450 °C.


The World Trade Organization's legal framework is built on the ideas that international trade should promote economic development beyond economic growth, enable shared benefits from economic cooperation, and level the playing field among developed and developing countries. Most provisions in WTO law allowing accommodations for developing countries require that the accommodations advance the recipient countries' "development, financial, and trade needs." In particular, the Enabling Clause contains this phrase and, per the Appellate Body's Report in EC-Tariff Preferences, this creates a legal obligation that preferential treatment advance "development, financial, and trade needs." Consequently, any Generalized Systems of Preferences (GSP) adopted pursuant to the Enabling Clause must "respond positively to the needs of developing countries." But the phrase "development, financial, and trade needs" is not defined anywhere in the WTO Covered Agreements. As a result, special and differential treatment granted by developed countries, and the treatment's conditionality upon, or "linkage" to, social and human rights goals, remain subject to the whim of domestic political and industry interests, without guideposts to define what can and cannot fall within GSP linkage. In an effort to bring greater coherence to the policy structuring and WTO-consistency of GSP linkage, this Article seeks to formulate a definition of this phrase by presenting specific objectives that, as argued by this Article, constitute "development, financial, and trade needs" within the WTO legal framework. Drawing upon sources of WTO law and interpretative elements, as informed by EC-Tariff Preferences, this Article proffers that "development, financial, and trade needs" nonexclusively include market access, poverty reduction, sustainable development, and education.


Abstract We describe a CME event, occurred in NOAA 11059 on April 3 2010, using STEREO and MDI/SOHO data. We analyze the CME evolution using data provided by SECCHI-EUVI and COR1 onboard STEREO satellites, and we perform a 3D reconstruction of the CME using the LCT-TP method. Using MDI/SOHO line-of-sight magnetograms we analyze the magnetic configuration of NOAA 11059 and we determine the magnetic helicity trend.


Justification logics are constructive analogues of modal logics. They are often used as epistemic logics, particularly as models of evidentialist justification. However, in this role, justification (and modal) logics are defective insofar as they represent justification with a necessity-like operator, whereas actual evidentialist justification is usually probabilistic. This paper first examines and rejects extant candidates for solving this problem: Milnikel's Logic of Uncertain Justifications, Ghari's Hajek–Pavelka-Style Justification Logics and a version of probabilistic justification logic developed by Kokkinis et al. It then proposes a new solution to the problem in the form of a justification logic that incorporates the essential features of both a fuzzy logic and a probabilistic logic.


Operated simulator has been an important equipment of the army and college operating exercises In this paper,we focus on the designing of the control system Using multi-dynamic scanning technique and oriented-object's programming idea for the input and output of many switch's states not only can optimize the system structure but can raise the efficiency of programming


The dependence of the Critical Oxygen Index values of some thermoplastic materials on sample sixe is reported. The extent of melting of this class of material is shown to be important in determining the effect of sample size on the index.


Successful organizations can be distinguished from unsuccessful ones chiefly by their more dynamic and effective leadership. What this means in reference to trade unions is that their effectiveness largely depends on the kind of leaders they have. One specialist on trade unions, in explaining why the unions were so badly weakened during the years of crisis, writes: "It goes without saying that neither the financial crisis nor the organizational weakening of the trade unions is the result of malice. To a large extent, these are consequences of the transition from one social and economic system to another. However, the negative impact of these factors on the trade union movement might nonetheless have been much less severe if the trade union leaders had shown more foresight and more concern about the unions' future. Unfortunately, this did not happen, and the present generation of trade union personnel has to rectify these mistakes" [1].


Objective To explore the clinical application of neuroendoscopic techniques to neurosurgery. Methods Twenty-two patients with different intracranial diseases were treated by neuroendoscopic techniques including endoscopic neurosurgery, endoscope-controlled microneurosurgery and endoscope-assisted microneurosurgery. Of 22 patients, 3 suffered from symptomatic septum pellucidum cyst, 2 hydrocephalus, 1 suprasellar cysts, 1 obstruction of Monro foramen, 13 pituitary adenomas, 1 cerebrospinal rhinorrhea and 1 cholesteatoma. Results Of 13 patients with pituitary adenomas, 10 underwent total resection of the tumors and 3 subtotal resection. One case of cerebrospinal rhinorrhea was cured. One case of cholesteatoma was totally resected. Of the other 7 patients, 6 improved in symptoms and 1 with hydrocephalus underwent shunt after the neuroendoscopic operation. The complication included transient diabetes insipidus in 2 patients, transient cerebrospinal rhinorrhea in 1 and transient visual diterioration in 1. Condusions The neuroendoscopic operation is a safe and effective method of treatment of the patients with intracranial cysts or pituitary adenomas. The endoscope-assisted microneurosurgery can improve the quality of neurosurgery.[


Labour is clinically defined as the initiation and perpetuation of uterine contraction with goal of producing progressive cervical effacement and dilatation. Induction of labour refers to the process whereby uterine contractions (>3 in 10 mins each lasting for 30-45 seconds), cervical softening and effacement are initiated by medical or surgical means before the onset of spontaneous labour. 50% of inductions in Asian facilities are elective, highest being in Sri Lanka (77.2%). This is followed by Thailand (44.6%), Japan (41.0%), India (32.1%) and China (20.4%), lowest rate of induction of labour is in African countries, Nigerian being having lowest rate of 1.4%. The rate of elective inductions are increasing nowadays. According to ACOG, one fifth of all pregnancies are terminated with various methods of induction.


This research investigated the effects of surface roughness in the form of protuberances on the lift and lift-to-drag ratio of an airfoil with a NACA 0015 profile. Russian researchers first recorded the positive effect on lift from naturally formed surface protuberances in 1984 and reported on their research in 1991. Based on experimental studies, the Russian researchers identified a protuberance geometry on a low aspect ratio wing which created both additional lift and an improved lift-to-drag ratio for a given angle-of-attack over the low to moderate angle-ofattack region. The primary objective of this research was to develop a phenomenological understanding of the flow physics related to the effects of surface roughness on the lift and lift-to-drag ratio of a symmetric airfoil. A two-dimensional computational experiment studied the effect of the protuberance using the OVERFLOW Navier-Stokes flow solver. Results indicated that the variation of the aerodynamic lift and This material is declared a work of the U.S. Government and is not subject to copyright protection in the United States. the lift-to-drag ratio for symmetric airfoils and wings populated with protuberances is due to the increased pressure induced by a recirculation region downstream of the protuberance. An alternative understanding based on changes in the effective camber and thickness of the airfoil was developed. Analysis of the results suggest that the effect of the protuberance can be separated into a global effect evidenced by changes in effective section camber and thickness which generates lift, and a local effect as seen in the local viscous induced separation downstream of the protuberance which causes increased pressure drag. This research concluded that surface protuberances located on the lower surface of a,.symmetric airfoil are a lift generating mechanism at low to moderate anglesof-attack.


This paper analyzed the differences in root-shoot ratio both at the individual and community levels,and biomass allocation ratio of each component in the Stipa baicalensis steppe.It was found that: 1) Above-ground and below-ground biomass of severely grazed plots was significantly less than those in natural grassland,the root-shoot ratio was significantly higher than in natural grassland.Therefore frequent grazing led to grassland degradation.2) At the community level,above-ground biomass of moderately grazed plots decreased in comparison with natural grassland,but below-ground biomass showed little difference from natural grassland;moderately grazed plots showed the highest level of below-ground biomass among severely grazed plots,enclosed plots or natural grassland.3) In enclosed grass plots which were severely grazed in the past,morphology and physical size of individual plants tended to be smaller than in natural turf,yet their biomass was slightly higher than natural grassland.


Quantitative measures are needed to identify diabetic patients at higher risk for CV events. Cell‐derived microparticles (MPs) are submicron membrane vesicles released from activated cells that are indicative of cell damage. Progenitor cells (PCs) including proangiogenic cells (PACs), often termed endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), are mediators of reparative capacity. We examined whether the relationship of MPs to PCs/PACs could be used as an improved and clinically feasible index of vascular pathology.


Abstract The chelating ion-exchange properties of the methylmethacrylate (MMA)-8-quinolinyl acrylate (8-QA) copolymers, synthesized using different monomer feed ratios, were estimated by batch equilibration method. Five metal ions viz., Cu+2,Ni+2,Co+2, Zn+2 and Fe+3 were used to evaluate the capability of MMA-8-QA copolymers as a cation exchangers. The ion-exchange study was carried out under three different experimental variables viz., pH of the aqueous medium, electrolyte and its ionic strength and shaking time. It was observed that due to the presence of a pendant ester-bound quinolinyl group, the copolyraers are capable of exchanging the tested cations from their aqueous solutions.


A brain network is the essence of the intelligence where it consists of nodes that are anatomically defined brain regions, and edges that connect a pair of brain regions. The diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images and the advances in computer-aided tractography algorithms let us know strong association between human brain networks and cognitive functions. Brain regions dedicated to a certain specific cognitive function were spatially clustered and efficiently connected each other; it is called local functional segregation. However, it is not well known that such a local segregation is associated with a certain sub-network which may act as a building block of the brain network. In this work, using a graph auto-encoder, we extracted building blocks of brain networks and investigate whether they are affected by a neurological disease, Alzheimer's disease. We found that the brain network of each person is linear summation of the learned building blocks. Also, the activation levels of these building blocks vary in the normal controls and patients with Alzheimer's disease, showing that network deterioration in the disease group.


Objective To study the multi-detector computed tomography(MDCT) findings of mesenteric tuberculosis.Methods The Authors retrospectively reviewed 18 cases with mesenteric tuberculosis,of which 8 cases were proved by surgery and pathology,3 cases were proved by pure pathology,7 cases were proved by clinical and laboratory findings.Emphasis was placed on helical CT features of the small bowel mesentery and the transverse mesocolon.Results The main CT findings of mesenteric tuberculosis were revealed as follows:①Mesenteric tuberculous lymphadenopathy: 8 cases showed increase in density of mesenteric fat,and 1 case showed engorgement of the mesenteric vessels accompany with poorly-defined margin.Enlarged mesenteric lymph node was showed in 9 cases,of which 4 cases showed ring-like enhanced.②Mesenteric tuberculous lymphadenopathy accompany with mesenteritis: increase in density of mesenteric fat,9 cases,and mesenteric stranding and nodule shadow,8 cases.Engorgement of the mesenteric vessels,6 cases,accompany with poorly-defined or well-defined margin.Enlarged mesenteric lymph node was showed in 9 cases,of which 2 cases showed ring-like enhanced.③Among 18 cases,enlarged lymph nodes around abdominal aorta were showed in 9 cases,4 cases showed ring-like enhanced.Conclusion The main CT fingdings of mesenteric tuberculosis may be concluded as the following: enlarged mesenteric lymph node accompany with ring-like enhancement,increase in density of mesenteric fat,thickened mesentery with stranding,nodule shadow,and mass.MDCT can demonstrate its anatomy details.


Concrete's binder can be substituted with rice husk ash, metakaolin, kaolin clay, GGBS, and other agricultural and industrial byproducts and waste materials, which lowers greenhouse gas emissions, namely carbon dioxide (CO2). When employed in the manufacturing of concrete, the aforementioned items reduce the amount of water required and have no discernible impact on the material's long-term performance. Combination of metakaolin and class-F fly ash is taken for this experimental study to create geopolymer concrete, as both the materials are very good sources of alumino-silicates, which is the foremost requirement for the material to be the binder in geopolymer concrete. Also, the percentage replacement of crushed aggregates with crushed E-waste plastic (EWP) is are created for making the concrete eco-friendlier as the EWP is a big problem for us to dispose of it. To activate raw ingredients and mixing of concrete, alkaline solution is used, made from sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and water glass solution, i.e., sodium silicate (Na2SiO3). Low molarity metakaolin geopolymer concrete (MGPC) was created to have benefits over standard cement concrete in terms of performance, durability, and mechanical properties. This study describes the findings of a comprehensive experimental test and analysis to investigate the characteristics of MGPC-EWP with a change in different factors of the mix design. The study's findings demonstrated that MGPC performance is closely correlated with its molarity, as the molarity increases, the mechanical strengths of the MGPC also increases. Also, the optimum percentages of the EWP are to be incorporated in the MGPC. This study also uses the petrographic image analysis to validate the geopolymerization products forms in the MGPC and check the microstructure growth of geopolymerization of particles with age. The petrographic image analysis provides photographs of the microstructure of hydration products of the samples with good details. As the petrographic microscope is very affordable as compared to the SEM setup and requires less skilled worker, it comes out to be a good approach for the microstructural analysis.


Background Aheration of eyeball wall caused by ocular axial extension is associated with multiple complications of high myopia.However,the study on quantitative analysis of choroidal thickness and axial length in adult high myopic patients is less.Objective This study was to investigate the choroidal thickness in high myopic eyes of adult patients and estimate the correlation of choroidal thickness with axial length,age,and spherical equivalent(SE).Methods A prospective cohort study was designed.Seventy-five eyes of 75 adult patients with high myopia were entrolled from December 2012 to May 2013,and 70 eyes of 70 age-and gendermatched healthy volunteers were included in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University.Enhanced depth imaging (EDI)on Cirrus spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) was used to measure the choroidal thickness from the outer border of the retinal pigment epithelium through the inner scleral boarder among the 11 meridians in a 500 μm intervals and range of 2 500 μm for each from fovea toward temporal and nasal lateral.The differences of choroidal thickness and axial length were compared between the high myopia group and normal control group,and the correlation of choroidal thickness with axial length,age,SE were analyzed.Results The subfoveal and mean choroidal thickness values were (146±52) μm and (142±63) μm in the high myopia group,and those in the normal control group were (306±60) μm and (271 ±71) μm,with significant differences between the two groups (t =-17.130,P=0.000; t=-15.890,P=0.000).Choroid was thickest in the temporal and then was subfovea and nasal in the high myopia group,but in the normal control group,it was subfovea,temporal and nasal in turn,and the choroidal thicknesses in various areas were thinner in the high myopia group than those in the normal control group.A negative correlation was found between the choroidal thickness and axial length in high myopia group(r =-0.580,P =0.000),and the regression equation determined a decrease of 17.943 μm per millimeter of axial length.Conclusions SD-OCT determines that choroidal thickness is decreased in highly myopic eyes compared with normal eyes.Choroidal thickness varies with the change of axial length in adult high myopia patient.These findings indicate that abnormalities of the choroids may play a role in the pathogenesis of complication of high myopia.

Key words:
Choroidal thickness;  Axial length;  Enhanced depth imaging;  Optical coherence tomography; High myopia;  Adult


It is intuitively obvious to all who have been exposed to the effective use of the computer in the clinical setting that there are benefits to be derived from direct use of this technology which can assist in the management of patients. For those with more sustained exposure, it is also clear that the benefits are much less the results of computational calisthenics than the enhancement of the process of efficient management of medical information in the hands of an astute clinician. It seems quite reasonable therefore, to ponder the nature of this support process and whether its capabilities should or could be nurtured by being treated as a separate discipline of study.


The expeditious development of information technology provides opportunities for new remote and monitoring critical systems to be performed based on IoT technologies and M2M communications. This paper discusses important QoS issues in IoT systems and suggests a new QoS model for critical IoT applications, where each information must be delivered only once and in real-time. The proposal is based on the MQTT protocol with dynamic QoS handling, accordingly to the information importance. A prioritization scheme is adopted using different traffic classes, considering specific requirements for real-time communications and reliable operations while reducing end-to-end delay, packet loss, bandwidth, and energy consumption.


We investigated carrier dynamics in both proton-irradiated InAs-GaAs quantum dot laser structures and in high power broad-area InAs-GaAs quantum dot lasers with windowed n-contacts using time-resolved PL (TR-PL) techniques.


The novel 2019 coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), emerged towards the end of 2019 in the city of Wuhan in the province of Hubei in the People's Republic of China, and it has spread to the entire world very fast and in a very short time. This study aimed to investigate the course of the pandemic by mathematical modelling based on the information that the time-dependent change (spreading) rate of the H number of individuals who have caught a contagious disease is proportional to the multiplication of the numbers of those who have caught the disease and those who have not. According to the results of the mathematical modelling in our study, in the case that sufficient precautions are not taken, or precautions are reduced, the course of the pandemic may show a very fast change in the negative direction. For this reason, every precaution, individual or social, will be significant in terms of the course of the COVID-19 pandemic.


COVID-19 was deemed a global pandemic by the World Health Organization in February 2020. The prevalence of viral diseases worldwide has increased the importance of receiving immediate medical attention. There is currently no specific medication or vaccine under consideration to treat coronavirus infection. For reducing or preventing COVID-19 infections, a number of alternative therapies are anticipated, including the use of synthetic drugs, vaccines, interferon therapy etc. Due to the serious side effects of the utilized drug therapies, it is crucial to comprehend the pathogenesis of the coronavirus and explore safe and efficient treatment.
Considering the contribution of plants and herbs in the management of viruses like HIV, Herpes Simplex, MERS-CoV, and influenza, they can be further utilised for COVID-19 treatment. According to reports, SARS-CoV2 infects host cells through Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors, causing pneumonia linked to COVID-19 as well as acute myocardial injury and long-term cardiovascular damage. A cure for SARS-CoV2 may lie in understanding the receptor, its targets, and the mechanism of viral replication. This review article highlights several plants that have the potential to inhibit ACE2, including Punica granatum, Citrus aurantium, Allium sativum, Piper longum, Curcuma longa, and Coriandrum sativum as well as their extracts and phytoconstituents, such as flavonoids, alkaloids, anthraquinone glycosides, phenolic acids, and others. This review will provide opportunities for researchers to explore the possibility of developing promising dosage forms that will increase the bioavailability and in vivo effectiveness of the lead candidates.


Adenosine, a regulator of cardiovascular development and renal function constricts renal afferent arterioles by activating its cognate A1 receptors (AA1Rs). Activation of AA1Rs elevates intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) concentration in renal vascular smooth muscle cells, mechanisms of which are not fully resolved. Whether AA1R expression and function in preglomerular microvessels are dependent on postnatal kidney maturation are also unclear. Here, we show that selective activation of AA1R by 2‐chloro‐N6‐cyclopentyladenosine (CCPA) does not stimulate store‐operated Ca2+ entry in afferent arterioles isolated from infant pigs. However, CCPA‐induced [Ca2+]i elevation is dependent on phospholipase C, protein kinase C, and canonical transient receptor potential isoform 3 (TRPC3) channels. The basal [Ca2+]i concentration was unchanged in afferent arterioles isolated from newly farrowed (0 day) pigs when compared with their 20‐day old counterparts. Whereas, CCPA‐induced [Ca2+]i elevation was ~ 43% larger in afferent arterioles from 20‐day old pigs. AA1R protein expression levels in the kidneys and afferent arterioles were unaltered in 0‐day versus 20‐day old pigs. By contrast, TRPC3 channel protein expression was ~ 92 and 78% higher in 20‐day old pig kidneys and afferent arterioles, respectively. These data suggest that activation of AA1Rs elicits receptor‐operated Ca2+ entry in porcine afferent arterioles, an effect dependent on postnatal maturation of TRPC3 channels.


Once students have mastered basic database querying with SQL, the next step for the instructor is to present operators that can extract complex information from multiple tables. The relational database left-outer-join (LOJ) expression (T1rT2) is used to merge two tables, say T1 and T2, using any given condition. Unlike regular database joins, when records from the first table (T1) fail to match records in the second table (T2) the LOJ operator retains each of those T1 tuples and adds an appropriate number of "null" values to compensate for the missing contribution of T2 records. In spite of its relatively simple definition and frequency in everyday common problems, we have observed that novice database students oftentimes have difficulties in understanding and properly using this technique. In this paper, we discuss three functionally equivalent versions of the left-outer-join operator to allow multiple ways of presenting the material and to show students a single data extraction problem from three viewpoints. We have developed an empirical evaluation of perceived difficulty and manageability of those versions. A simple performance analysis is conducted to determine the relative merits of each alternative.


In apparatus for cooling a galvanic cell containing the electrochemical energy storage element, in particular lithium of the present invention, has a fire extinguishing effect in the case of fire, the energy storage element, part of the energy storage housing 201, or an energy storage material of the body a coolant is provided to penetrate the housing of the or part or therearound.


Roots and tuber crops are important subsidiary or subsistence food and nutritional crops in tropical and sub tropical countries. India is a unique place for the production of diverse horticultural crops. Genetic diversity is needed to develop improved varieties through different breeding programmes. Collection and conservation of genetic resources of tropical roots and tuber crops in India is carried out by National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR), New Delhi with its regional stations located in different agro-ecological regions and Central Tuber Crops Research Institute (CTCRI), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala with its regional station at Bhubaneswar. The regional station of NBPGR at Thrissur is primarily meant to undertake plant genetic resources activities in the tropical humid region of the country. This station has since 1977 collected considerable genetic variability in these crops and their wild relatives from the southern region. A sizable number of collections of cassava, sweet potato, yams, aroids, Chinese potato, arrowroot and wild relatives of Amorphophallus and Dioscorea , made from different parts of Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Union Territories of Lakshadweep and Andaman and Nicobar Islands are being maintained in the Field Gene Bank (FGB). The germplasm of these crops were characterized and evaluated for different useful characters. Four accessions in four different species of Dioscorea (IC 202328, 202370, 202382 and 202383) were registered for diosgenin content, a unique trait. Twelve accessions belonging to Dioscorea are also being maintained under in vitro cultures at this station. A total of 1075 accessions comprising of elephant foot yam (50), Amorphophallus spp. (6 spp., 30), Chinese potato (31), taro (415), lesser yam (64), greater yam (166), Dioscorea spp. (11 spp., 133), cassava (156) and cassava in vitro cultures (30) were transferred to CTCRI, Thiruvananthapuram. CTCRI has been identified as the National Active Germplasm Site (NAGS) for FGB maintenance and further proper utilization of these crops. In future, unexplored tribal areas of the region would be surveyed for new germplasm collections. The available germplasm of these crops and their wild relatives would be further exploited and used to develop new varieties with desirable superior traits through different crop improvement programmes for the sustainable livelihood of the farmers, tribal people and local population in this fast changing agro-climate scenario.


This paper comprehensively analyzes the balancing mechanism of present motor-vehicle wheel balancers, and proves that the two-time balancing method cannot be changed into one-time balancing.


Thesis for the degree of Master of Science Post-Graduation Program in Process Engineering Federal University of Santa Maria BIOBUTANOL PRODUCTION FROM SWEET SORGUM BY MEANS OF BIOTECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES AUTHOR: LUIZ JARDEL VISIOLI ADVISOR: MARCIO ANTONIO MAZUTTI Date and Local: Santa Maria, 17, February de 2014. The biobutanol production by fermentative process has a great importance to increase the global supply of biofuel and becomes these able to replace the use of fossil fuel. The main difficulty associated to this production occurs due the not economic viability of applied production process. The aspects that have more contribution to this are the product inhibition at low concentration, low titer and the use of expensive substrates. This work is divided in four scientific articles which are focused in question involved to this solvent production. The first two are review papers about the topic, whereas the last two are research papers related to development of analytical methods and production process. The first paper reports to the main process development since 1980 year, by analyses of registered patents in relation to butanol production worldwide. The second paper presents a review from scientific articles about butyric fermentation published in recent years. The central characteristic of it is show the main troubles related to production, exhibiting the importance of the used substrate, as well as the choice of microorganism and separation process. Third paper presents a methodology to solvents determination from fermentation medium. This technique proposes a linear relationship between the density variation, sugar and solvents concentrations. The method proposed showed good results being promising to predict the ABE concentration in an easy and fast procedure. Fourth paper reports the development of the process to production of biobutanol by clostridial fermentation from sweet sorghum juice. Butanol is produced from substrate and small addition of yeast extract and tryptone, using 12.5% of initial inoculums size, at initial pH pH value equal to 5.5. In this work was demonstrated the possibility to produce biobutanol from sweet sorghum.


Due to the rapid growth of mobile technology, unmanned aerial vehicles(UAV) is emerging as a promising solution to distribute wireless data for ground users as a base station (BS). Our study focuses on the analysis of UAV-based BS that assist aerial wireless network. We practically used the real data measurement from the UAVs connected with ground mobile users as air-to- ground(A2G) communication service. The main aim of our work is to analyze and estimate the UAV-BS user throughput with different parameters such as height and distance. In order to achieve our objective, we have estimated the locations of UAVs' and mobile-users', heights of UAV, elevation angle and nature of LoS/NLoS. The system performances are evaluated through long short term memory(LSTM) and comparison was made with multi- layer perceptron(MLP) algorithm. Finally, the evaluation result shows the system has accurate and motivated prediction performances of the user throughput.


Author(s): Weinstock, Joshua Matthew | Advisor(s): Jones, Gabrielle | Abstract: The Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) movement has begun to taken off, but schools across our nation have voiced a call of attention to the absence of The Arts in our curricular. The debate is to add "Arts" to the STEM programs to be changed into "STEAM" because our students can benefit from critical thinking, designing skills and creative planning using their artistic right brain as part of the Arts Curriculum. As a bilingual educator of the Deaf and Hard of Hearing students, I made it my mission to incorporate Deaf Culture – which presently does not exist in the Visual and Performing Arts Content Standards for California Public Schools - into the Arts Curriculum in order to make the Arts Content relevant to a group of Grade 2 Deaf and Hard of Hearing students themselves. That is why the Deaf Arts Curriculum was created. The ASL and English Bilingual approach to Deaf Education was efficient in making the Arts Curriculum accessible for the students with Deaf View Image Art (De'VIA), an art genre that embodies the experiences of the Deaf Artist. Data was collected using teacher observation, field notes, rubrics and student projects to evaluate the Deaf Arts Curriculum's success. Based on the evidence, students developed art critique and production skills in the context of an ASL/English classroom. Students learned about the elements of art and gained a deeper appreciation of their Deaf and Hard of Hearing cultural identity while making connections to the core subjects.


Abstract : Most Army troop installations have one or more Central Vehicle Wash Facilities (CVWFs) for tactical vehicles. Since large amounts of water are needed to wash these vehicles, the facilities include treatment structures for recycling the washwater, i.e., to remove mud, debris, and oils from the washwater. This mud and debris accumulates in the treatment structures, primarily in sedimentation basins, and is periodically removed for disposal. The sediment removed from CVWFs often contains a large percentage of water, making it difficult to handle and remove from the basins using equipment readily available. Managing CVWF sediment has become a problem to Army maintenance personnel. In this study, researchers reviewed relevant scientific and engineering literature associated with the testing, handling, treatment, and disposal of solid residues similar to CVWF residuals, and analyzed practices at CVWF sites to suggest improvements to CVWF residual management procedures. The study identified best available technologies and specific improved practices to improve in-basin dewatering procedures, and to take a more systematic approach to testing, treatment, and disposal requirements of CVWF residuals.


At Cerro Tololo we have been using a dataacquisition system oriented about a NOVA computer for about one and one-half years. As our hardware configuration was described sufficiently at the Edinburgh symposium (Lasker 1971), it seems appropriate to devote this presentation to some of our experiences in programming and in routine operations. Because the general situation in observational astronomy is not extremely different from that of laboratory physics (see e.g., Fulbright 1970), we shall try to emphasize the features which we feel are important to our observatory.


Colleagues from the Faculties of Theology and Economics and Managerial Sciences at the University of Pretoria dedicate this edition of Verbum et Ecclesia to Archbishop Desmond Tutu. He has in the recent past associated himself in various ways with this university. These faculties especially want to celebrate the honorary doctorate (Theologiae Doctor: honoris causa) bestowed upon him in the Aula of the University of Pretoria, on September 6, 2002.


Background : Workplace violence against nurses has increased attention worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of workplace violence (WPV) and related factors against frontline nurses in a university hospital in Bangkok, Thailand. Method : A cross-sectional study was conducted among 275 nurses. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was applied to identify any associations. Results : Findings indicated that the prevalence of psychological WPV was 60.0% and physical WPV was 9.1%. Factors associated with physical WPV included working in the emergency, outpatient or psychiatric examination units (aOR ¼ 4.62; 95% CI: 1.86 e 11.50). Additionally, work experience < 10 years (aOR ¼ 2.66; 95% CI: 1.53 e 4.62), personality type B (aOR ¼ 2.51; 95%CI: 1.21 e 5.18), inadequate lighting (aOR ¼ 2.53; 95%CI: 1.38 e 4.66), poor management of WPV (aOR ¼ 1.77; 95% CI: 1.36 e 4.86) and poor organizational culture toward WPV (aOR ¼ 2.22; 95% CI: 1.32 e 5.66) were associated with psychological WPV. Conclusion : Findings provide novel empirical evidence on the context of WPV in a Thai university hospital. Signi fi cant risk factors of WPV have the potential to be developed in an intervention to prevent WPV toward frontline nurses. The hospital should adopt WPV prevention programs in all settings to prevent healthcare workers from adverse effects.


Background: Sepsis is one of the most common infectious conditions in the neonatal period. It is a common cause of morbidity and mortality despite extraordinary progress in the field of neonatology in recent years. There are many markers used as a parameter of neonatal sepsis. All of them provide useful information, but none of them has been showed to be reliable in detecting whole septic babies. Also, some of them are expensive. The aim of the work is to study diagnostic value of IMA in neonatal sepsis. Methods: This study was conducted to find out a suitable and economic endogenous marker which can detect sepsis. Our study was a case control study which conducted in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at Zagazig University Hospitals. It included 36 neonates (18 in case group and 18 in control group). Detailed perinatal history was taken. History at admission, clinical examination and laboratory investigations were recorded. Venous blood samples were taken and separated by centrifugation for serum IMA assessment by ELIZA technique. Results: There was no significant difference between 2 groups regarding gestational age, mode of delivery or prenatal history. 66.7 % of cases was of late onset sepsis. There was significant difference between the two groups as regard TLC, haemoglobin, CRP and procalcitonin. Results revealed that there were significant difference between sepsis and control group in serum IMA level as the mean was 103.7(± 31.82 SD) ngm/ ml in case group while in control group the mean was 85.36(± 14.07 SD) ngm/ ml. Finding relation between serum IMA and different parameters, we found no significant relation between IMA and TLC, CRP and sepsis score but significant relation between IMA and Procalcitonin . IMA has good prognostic value of death at level of 99.1 ng/ml with sensitivity 75% and specifity 85.7%. Based on the finding, we can conclude that IMA can be used as a marker of neonatal sepsis as it has higher level among sepsis group. Also it is a good prognostic factor of neonatal sepsis. However, we recommend more future large-scale prospective studies to determine its utility in clinical practice and to estimate ischemia modified albumin accuracy and difference in both term and preterm neonates. Conclusion: IMA may become a useful biomarker for diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. IMA can be used as a prognostic factor. There is significant positive correlation between IMA and Procalcitonin.


In more than 50 years, Israel has developed into the 12th economical greatest power in the world from a small country seriously lacking of natural resources. It is the strategy of developing education that resulted in the miracle .The carrying out of the strategy made its education system become perfect and featured, and provided a large numbers of talents for the development of Israeli economy. 