Abstract Bottlebrushes have intensive applications in photonics, surfactants, supersoft elastomers, medical imaging, drug delivery and nanomaterials owing to their unique morphology and properties. While the traditional grafting from method required low monomer conversion to avoid gelation, and resulted shorter side chain length. Compared with the traditional grafting from method, the bottlebrushes with improved longer side chains were successfully prepared by combining grafting through and grafting from methods. In this approach, RAFT and ROMP polymerizations were used in sequence to synthesize a series of main chains: including PNB-PMA7, PNB-PMA13 and PNB-PMA25. RAFT polymerization was then used to prepare bottlebrushes with different kinds of main chains under the same conditions. In the meantime, homo-polymerization of PMA was appeared inevitably, which was related to the polymerization time. Owing to the greater molecular weight of PNB-PMA13 and PNB-PMA25, the polymerized solutions transformed into gel in shorter time, and resulted to the lower proportion of homo-polymerization (<11%). Compared with PNB-SCS as main chain, the side chain's degree of polymerization increased from 41 to 80 when PNB-PMA13 was used as main chain. Graphical Abstract


A method for analyzing electrode surfaces of lead-acid batteries has been developed. It provides a clear view on crystal structures. The technique employs confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The developed method allows examination of large areas (1 mm 2 or larger) and can be applied to entire battery plates. Specimen preparation is less laborious and costly compared to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and still gives useful results. In addition, it turned out that electrode structures vary significantly on a scale of tenth of μ m. This lowers the significance of a focused image e.g. from SEM. Suitable and reproducible conditions (washing duration, drying duration and drying temperature) for the examination and preparation of electrode surfaces are investigated. The proposed method has been applied to electrodes taken from automotive flooded lead-acid batteries; scans over areas have been acquired. Electrode structures after different operating conditions are presented. Lead-acid batteries face rising requirements for new applications in micro- and mild-hybrid vehicles as well as in electric vehicles. Investigation and understanding of the processes taking place within the batteries are necessary for further development and improvement of performance. Microscopic analyses allow the examination of elec- trode surfaces. The obtained results can also contribute to developing battery models on ageing processes, lifetime prediction and charge acceptance.Inthepast,


Abstract A new and efficient palladium on carbon catalyzed one-pot intramolecular nitro reduction/cyclization reaction has been developed for the preparation of a series of substituted benzimidazoles, including some novel ring-fused [1,2-a]-tricyclic, [1,2-a]-tetracyclic, and chiral benzimidazoles. The main advantages of this method are the mild and simple reaction conditions, the easy isolation of the products, and the excellent yields. The reaction has the potential to be used as a general procedure for the preparation of 7-aminobenzimidazoles in good yields. A plausible mechanism for the reaction is proposed.


Effects of physiological and biochemical changes of the post-harvest chestnut fruit were studied with different concentrations of salicylic acid to dipping fruit at different times during storage.Main results were as follows:salicylic acid treatment could inhibit respiration rate of the chestnut during storage,delay the arrival of climacteric.Salicylic acid could inhibit the decreasing of the vitamin C content and the starch content.In addition,salicylic acid treatment decreased chestnut rot rate and weight loss rate.The best treatment condition by salicylic acid was 0.5 g/L for 10 min.


In this work we used the Photoacoustic Spectroscopy (PAS) to evaluate the crosslinking of the copolymer from ethylene vinyl trimethoxysilane (EVS) and the grafted vinyl trimethoxysilane (VTS) on low density polyethylene (LDPE). PAS is used for sounding the overtone bands and stretching frequencies combinations of the groupings -Si-OH, =CH2, -CH3 and -CH2 -CH3, in the near and medium infrared range. The samples were typically prepared with 3%, 5% and 7% of catalyst and crosslinked in the temperatures of 70, 80 and 90oC. Using the overtone bands of -OH groups the PAS shows the optimum combination, pointing a better crosslinking effect for 80oC and in the range 5% to 7% of catalyst, typically.


According to the application and develop demand for simulation of shipborne high energy laser weapons,this paper analysis the formwork,the function and the campaign-process and sums up a series for simulation model of shipborne high energy laser weapons,the model including laser beam propagation in the atmosphere and damage effect;then,presented a design for simulation software.The key points such as software function,software configuration and software flow chart have also been put forward.Finally,the simulate result is given;the simulation software can be used for simulate attestation of shipborne high energy laser weapons system and new shipborne air-defense and anti-missile fire contrl system.


Optical constants of Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films formed using thermal annealing of pre-deposited layers of copper, zinc and tin sulphides on glass substrates at different temperatures and ambient atmosphere were determined. It has been shown that films grown at lower temperatures have the tetragonal structure of kesterite, and the corresponding value of the optical band gap is 1.47 eV.


The use of plane waves allows images with higher frame rates compared to conventional modes. Thus, new processing techniques are studied in order to improve the planewave image quality. The use of the Eigenspace Beamformer technique associated with the Generalized Sidelobe Canceler (EBGSC) reduces the effects of interference and noise, minimizing sidelobes and providing images with higher contrast and resolution compared to the Delay and Sum (DAS) and the Minimum Variance (MV) methods. Filters can also be applied after image processing to reduce speckle signals present in ultrasound images such as the Wiener and Kuan filter. This work presents the implementation of the EBGSC method with Wiener and Kuan filters to improve the processing of plane wave ultrasound images. The EBGSC method combined with Wiener filter (EBGSC-W) showed an improvement in the contrast of 70 % and 57.2 % when compared to the DAS and GSC methods, respectively. The geometric distortion was evaluated using the parameter of the full width at half maximum (FWHM) and the EBGSC-W also obtained a reduction in lateral FWHM by 63 % and 25 % compared to the DAS and GSC methods, respectively, approaching to the actual value of the target size (0.1 mm). The EBGSC method with the Kuan filter (EBGSC-K) showed improvements in the lateral FWHM, however, it worsened the contrast, with loss of information.


In 2UU6, we developed SpaceWire platform named SpaceCube cooperation with JAXA and NEC. After the success of SpaceCube project, we developed number of SpaceWire products. Some examples of this innovation include several kind of the SpaceWire interface boards, SpaceWire router and SpaceCubeMK2. These developments included the support and cooperation of JAXA, OSAKA University, Japan Space Systems and NEC. In this paper we describe architecture, functions and usage about our new products which are the SpaceWire-to-GigabitEther and the SpaceWire backplane. The equipment used as verification for ASTRO-H of JAXA.


We must thank Hendrik Wagenaar not only for his for his generous comments on our work but also for taking the time and trouble to engage with it in such a helpful way. We seek to respond in the same spirit. Although he makes a couple of small theoretical criticisms, his main concern is that there is little empirical work. He argues for a 'performative' account of governance. We comment briefly on the philosophical analysis of practices and traditions, before drawing attention to a broad set of empirical studies and highlighting our core books. Finally, we reflect on the difficulties of documenting traditions, and we compare Wagenaar's emphasis on performance with our account of storytelling.


After the completion of the Middle Route Project of South to North Water Diversion,the hydrological regime and water resources environment in the middle and lower area of the Hanjiang River will change,so the government will invest to construct compensation works for overcoming unfavorable impact.Aiming at the construction and development issue in impacted middle and lower area of the Hanjiang River,theoretical exploration on policy guidance and development direction is conducted and the thought train of "3 priorities" of giving priority to improving ecological environment,developing cascade water control project and regulating the river channel and "4 zones" construction of speeding up demonstration zones of new countryside,concentrated zone of "2 types" industry,regional logistics central zone and cultural-ecological tourist district are put forward.In the meantime,this paper illustrates mechanism renovation requirement and regulation guarantee system for realizing order construction and sustainable development.


A new method for speckle reduction is presented based on the principle of space and wavelength diversity using a current modulated laser and a spectrometer as part of the illumination system.


The studied material of scanning and transmission electron microscopy were bone fragments of 40 patients obtained during surgery from various pathologically altered sections of the affected tubular bones. Morphological studies revealed microscopic foci of necrosis, leukocyte infiltrates and microabscesses both in the main focus and in other parts of the bone marrow canal. Microabscesses detected by microscopy represent the morphological basis of chronic hematogenous osteomyelitis, can be located at a considerable distance from the main necrotic purulent focus and, under appropriate conditions, cause a relapse of the disease. Morphological studies have shown that surgical debridement of the lesion with ultrasonic cavitation of the lesion and the medullary canal contributes to a significant reduction in the degree of microbial contamination, followed by a decrease in pathological changes in bone tissue.


Having a shaft composite processing machine dustproof structure according to the present invention, the turret assembly is the headstock and the tailstock shaft composite formed by a plurality of tools for machining a shaft which is rotated in include a turret, which is installed radially between the processing machine turret assembly according, jidoe comprises the shaft support means for supporting the shaft on one side of the turret is to be installed, the shaft support means and the casing is installed at a side of the turret, can be rotated with two roller attaching member to the inside of said case installed and, the support rollers, each supporting the upper both sides of the outside of the shaft are each rotatably mounted to the upper end of the roller attaching member, the actuator for rotating the roller attaching member is installed in the case the operation of the actuator by rotating the two rollers installed member in accordance with the two support Is made to include spaced apart from each other or close to multiple, and when also install the drilling tool in the tail stock and the well not touch the work to install the shaft to the spindle for machining the hollow portion of the shaft work, a guide member for guiding the drilling tool include those that are installed on the outer surface of the case. Accordingly, the present invention because it prevents the vibration of the shaft by a support roller for supporting the outside upper sides of the high speed shaft at the time of touch operation, can easily reduce the vibration of the shaft that is generated when drilling or reaming hollow shaft portion there is the effect such that.


Regarding an accurate determination of the specific absorption rate (SAR) inside the human head caused by mobile telephones, a suitably shaped head model must be used to check cellular phones with regard to the safety-limits. The decisive quantity in the European standards is the maximum SAR value averaged on a cube of 10 g of human tissue (SAR/sub 10 g, max/). The phantom simulating the human head is an essential part of the measurement system. Therefore, we have investigated the influence of the shape of the phantom on the maximum averaged SAR value by means of numerical calculations.


This study analyzes the country risk of Pakistan by employing the international capital asset pricing model (ICAPM) framework for the time period of July 2000 to June 2015. This study has used the country beta approach to examine the country risk based on the local as well as the global economic indicators. The study includes one domestic variable; foreign exchange reserves (cash holdings) and three global variables; real foreign exchange rate, gold prices, and oil prices to examine the impact of these economic factors on country risk by employing Beta market approach. The empirical results of this study conclude that time varying beta in Pakistan is affected by the global economic factors as well as the domestic economic factors and hence support the international capital asset pricing model in case of Pakistan. The findings of the study suggest that the international investors can frame out the hedging policy against country risk in measuring investment return and that an effective monetary and fiscal policy can be designed by considering the relationship of macroeconomic factors with country risk.


How are sexual identity biases processed in mind and brain? Does religious belief mediate such prejudice? This experiment explored the priming effects of religiosity on Implicit Association Test (IAT) performance and attempted to identify specific neural correlates of implicit bias via event-related potentials (ERPs). Forty-five participants completed a version of the IAT in which images of heterosexual and homosexual couples were paired with positive and negative adjectives. Prior to each set of trials, participants were primed with four verses of either benevolently themed scripture or persecutory scripture. All participants were exposed to all conditions in counterbalanced orders. Additionally, electroencephalographic (EEG) measurements were recorded during the experiment, and event-related potentials (ERPs) extracted. Three post-experiment questionnaires were used to obtain personality measures of religious fundamentalism, quest, and explicit attitudes toward homosexuality. The results revealed a positive correlation between fundamentalism and enhanced implicit bias, as well as a negative correlation between enhanced bias and quest. As expected, there were significant differences between compatible and incompatible conditions for both altruistic and persecutory verse conditions. Interactions between religious fundamentalism and verse condition, explicit homosexual prejudice and verse condition, and quest and verse conditions in relation to implicit bias were also observed. ERPs yielded N400, early positivity, and late positivity potential differences between high and low religious fundamentalism groups and high and low implicit bias groups. The ERP data revealed fundamentally different brain activity for highly religious participants compared to participants with low religiosity. IMPLICIT SEXUAL IDENTITY BIAS & RELIGIOSITY 3


This paper is an introduction to the design of suspension components for a Formula SAE car. Formula SAE is a student competition where college students conceive, design, fabricate, and compete with a small formula-style open wheel racing car. The suspension components covered in this paper include control arms, uprights, spindles, hubs, pullrods, and rockers. Key parameters in the design of these suspension components are safety, durability and weight. The 2001 Lawrence Technological University Formula SAE car will be used as an example throughout this paper. OVERVIEW In designing suspension components for the 2001 Lawrence Technological University Formula SAE vehicle, safety and durability were the top priorities. In order to ensure the safety of the suspension system, the loads acting on every component were extensively studied by utilizing strength of material calculations and Finite Element Analysis. Another measure used to ensure the safety of the suspension system was that every suspension fastener was put into double shear and was either safety wired or secured with a locknut. Weight was another important consideration while designing and manufacturing the suspension system on the 2001 Lawrence Technological University Formula SAE car. In order to achieve a weight reduction over previous Lawrence Technological University Formula SAE vehicles, Finite Element Analysis was utilized to remove the maximum amount of material from every suspension component while maintaining a critical safety factor of two. Also, chrome moly or 7075-T6 aluminum was used for every suspension component depending on which material was more practical considering any compatibility and dimensional restrictions. These materials were chosen due to their superior strength to weight ratios. The suspension load paths were also extensively studied to ensure that they were fed into the suspension system and frame in a robust manner. SUSPENSION DESIGN CONTROL ARMS The purpose of the control arms is to secure the wheel assembly to the chassis. Coupled with the suspension geometry, the control arms play a key role in determining the kinematics of the car such as camber rejection and roll stability. [1] The control arms also provide a means for tuning the suspension for specific courses. Figure 1: Assembled Rear Control Arms In order to reduce weight, spherical bearings are staked into the pivot points and ball joints of the lower control arms, along with the rear upper control arm pivot points and front upper control arm ball joints instead of using traditional heavier rod ends at these locations. In order to stake the spherical bearings into the 4130 steel tubing, a hollow aluminum insert is pressed into the tubing. Non-tempered aluminum was used for the insert due to the fact that tempered aluminum is too hard to flatten, which causes the 4130 steel tubing to crack. Next, the end of the tube is crushed flat and a hole is milled through the flat end of the tubing. The bearing is then firmly staked into the control arm. 2002-01-3308 Design of Formula SAE Suspension Components Badih A. Jawad and Brian D. Polega Lawrence Technological University Copyright © 2002 SAE International Figure 2: Inserted Spherical Bearing Rod ends with 4130 steel threaded inserts are used where suspension adjustment is necessary for tuning. Rod ends are used on the front upper control arm pivot points to allow for camber and caster adjustments in the front suspension. Also, rod ends are used on the rear upper control arm ball joints to allow for camber adjustment in the rear. The appropriate size of 4130 steel tubing was determined to be 19.05 mm OD x 0.71 mm wall thickness from performing buckling and bending stress calculations. (See Appendix) This size of tubing is equivalent to 0.75 inch x 0.028 inch wall thickness, which is a common size of tubing in the United States. Using this size of tubing with a cornering load of 1.3 g and a braking force of 1.4 g, which were determined from equipping previous Lawrence Technological University Formula SAE vehicles with data acquisition, the minimum safety factor in any of the control arms subjected to simultaneous braking and cornering was calculated to be 1.7. [2] The cornering and braking forces were calculated using a vehicle and driver weight of 2935.8 N. (See Appendix) These calculations were also verified by performing Finite Element Analysis using COSMOS software. Figure 3: Control Arm FEA Results Also, an extensive load study performed on the control arms resulted in the arms of the control arms being directly in line with chassis nodes, minimizing any bending moments acting on the frame. All of the control arm fasteners are put into double shear and meet AN specifications. Therefore, the control arms were designed to be lightweight, reliable, and safe. UPRIGHTS The main function of the uprights is to provide an interface to connect the upper and lower ball joints with the spindle. It is crucial to minimize the weight of the uprights because they are unsprung mass, and the shocks have to control this weight in bump. [3] The uprights were manufactured from 7075-T6 aluminum instead of 4130 steel, which is common on many Formula SAE vehicles, as a weight reduction. Also, the 2001 Lawrence Technological University Formula SAE uprights were manufactured using CNC processes instead of cutting and welding tubing in order to increase their strength. For safety purposes, the ball joint fasteners were put into double shear by passing them through the top web of the ball joint pocket and threading them into the lower web of the ball joint pocket. Front Uprights To maximize the strength and minimize the deflection of the front uprights, many design iterations consisting of various shapes were performed. Finite Element Analysis was executed on each iteration in cornering, braking, and a combination of cornering and braking situations as a worse case scenario. These situations are seen while performing typical maneuvers on a Formula SAE course. To simulate a cornering force of 1.3 g, the spindle hole was rigidly constrained while a load of 895.0 N was applied to the upper ball joint and a load of 2304.7 N was applied to the lower ball joint in the opposite direction. (See Appendix) Braking was simulated in Finite Element Analysis by rigidly constraining the spindle hole and applying a force of 1121.1 N at each of the brake caliper mounting locations. Preliminary Finite Element Analysis results showed that a wide upright with pockets in it was stronger than a traditional narrow upright without any pockets. It was also discovered through Finite Element Analysis that triangular pockets provided the greatest strength with the least amount of deflection. Further Finite Element Analysis iterations resulted in an upright with optimized triangular pockets with the majority of the mass centered around the spindle hole. The safety factor of the final front upright was 4.0 in cornering, 2.8 in braking, and 2.5 for combined cornering and braking. Front Lower Control Arm Maximum Stress=817.43 MPa SF=1.68 Figure 4: Final Front Upright FEA Results Rear Uprights Many design iterations were performed on the rear uprights to maximize their strength while minimizing their weight. Finite Element Analysis was performed on the rear uprights in cornering, braking, and a combination of both of these situations. To simulate cornering on the rear uprights, the center hole was rigidly constrained, while forces of 781.3 N were applied to the upper ball joint and toe bar mounting location and a force of 2227.0 N was applied to the lower ball joint in the opposite direction of the upper ball joint force. (See Appendix) To simulate braking, a force of 2224.1 N was applied to the upper and lower ball joints in the longitudinal direction, while the center hole was fixed. Finite Element Analysis results showed that triangular pockets proved to be the most effective means to reduce the weight of the rear uprights without compromising strength. The resulting safety factors of the rear upright were 4.3 in cornering, 3.3 in braking, and 3.1 in combined cornering and braking. Figure 5: Final Rear Upright FEA Results SPINDLES The spindles provide a base at which the wheel assembly rotates about. Its outer diameter is critical to prevent slop in the bearings, resulting in premature wear. Also, as learned from previous Lawrence Technological University Formula SAE cars, this suspension component is greatly prone to fatigue loads that originate from abnormalities in the road surface and from weight transfer due to lateral and longitudinal accelerations. [4] The spindles were manufactured from 4340 steel due to its excellent fatigue-resistant properties and strength. Key dimensional considerations for the spindles included bearing and upright dimensions because the spindle is pressed into the upright. In order to prevent the hub from sliding into the upright, a step was designed into the spindle 5.08 mm from the upright. The step is the same thickness as the bearings' width in the hub so that the slight impact load caused by movements of the hub and bearings would be distributed through the entire bearing. Another step was added to the free end of the spindle so that a washer and castle nut could be used to secure the hub to the spindle. Figure 6: Final Spindle Design An analysis of the spindle was performed using maximum braking and vertical forces. The maximum braking force experienced by the 2001 Lawrence Technological University Formula SAE car was found to be 1.4 g, and the maximum cornering force on a tire was found to be 1.3 g. Using these forces and Finite Element Analysis, the spindle's safety factor was revealed to be 25.8 in braking and 2.8 during cornering. The spindle's safety factor was determined to be 2.6 when braking and cornering loads were applied to the spindle simultaneously. Front Upright FEA Results Loading Case Max Stress (MPa) Deflection (mm) Saf


common complication of diabetes mellitus, accounting for more than 25% of all end stage renal diseases and is the third most common cause of ESRD in sub-Saharan Africa. It has been shown that assessment of renal Doppler indices such as Resistivity Index (RI) and Pulsatility Index (PI) are effective methods of assessing renal functional status thus complementing the use of laboratory values and other imaging modalities. In this study, we assessed the effects of age, sex, hypertension and disease duration on renal Doppler indices in diabetic subjects. Subjects and Methods: Eighty adult diabetic subjects were recruited consecutively along with 80 apparently healthy non-diabetic controls matched for age, sex and body mass index (BMI). They were taken through socio-demographic, clinical and laboratory evaluation to assess BMI, Blood Pressure, Glycated Haemoglobin, etc. Thereafter pulsed Doppler indices (RI and PI) of the right renal artery were obtained from the spectral waveform of the interlobar or arcuate arteries at 3 different regions (upper, middle and lower poles) and the mean values recorded during arrested respiration. Doppler evaluations were performed by one investigator who was blinded to the biochemical parameters obtained from all study subjects. Data was analysed using SPSS package version 17. Results: The mean RI and PI values were significantly higher in diabetic patients than in controls (RI of 0.72 ± 0.06 Vs 0.63 ± 0.06, P < 0.0001 ) and (PI of 1.36 ± 0.24 Vs 1.08 ± 0.20, P< 0.0001). There was a graded increase in the mean values of the RI and PI with advancing age in diabetics as well as in controls. Significant positive correlation was also noted between the subjects ages and the renal Doppler values (p <0.05). Duration of diabetes, as well as that of hypertension, had a significant impact on the Doppler indices (RI and PI) which progressively increased with increasing duration. Gender did not have any influence on the renal Doppler indices. Conclusion: Renal RI and PI were significantly higher in diabetics as compared to the control subjects. Age caused a significant increase in renal PI values in both the diabetic and control groups but only in the renal arterial RI values in the control group when the age grouping method was used. Hypertension and disease duration were also noted to significant increase in renal Doppler indices in the diabetic subjects.


Proposes that grouping industrial market transactions into separate segments can be aided by use of individual dimensions and combinations of dimensions. Examines the idea that knowledge about the composition of the decision‐making unit or buying centre in specified situations helps marketers to design or modify communication programmes – concentrating attention on those market segments to which the competitive advantages are most meaningful. Uses interviews with purchasing personnel (over several years with more than 30 organisations in the USA, of differing products/services, location and size). Says there is a four dimensional classification system for industrial buying situations and these are: buyers' familiarity with the buying task (new or rebuy); product type; importance of the purchase to the buying organisation; and principal type of uncertainty present in the purchase situation. Goes on to discuss these and uses tables for extra emphasis in explanation. Concludes that interview data suggest that the use of situational segmentation, when combined with segmentation based on ability to refine market programmes, select the most promising on which to focus.


The present invention is directed towards a method of preparing alkoxylated fatty acid alkyl estersin a one-pot alkoxylation reaction in the presence of a catalyst which is an alkaline earth metal oxide/mineral acid combination, preferably a barium oxide/sulfuric acid combination, or a Lewis acid, preferably Sn Cl4, comprising the steps of: a) providing a fatty acid alkyl ester, b) adding a catalyst to said fatty acid alkyl ester to obtain a first mixture, wherein said catalyst is an alkaline earth metal oxide/mineral acid combination or a Lewis acid, c) adding one or more alkylene oxides to said first mixture to obtain a second mixture and (d) isolating the alkoxylated fatty acid alkyl ester.


A t a t ime w h e n w e hear m u c h talk abou t compe t i t i on , regula t ion , and r e i m b u r s e  men t , and thei r impac t o n the heal th del iv ery sys tem in the U n i t e d Sta tes , it s e e m s appropr ia te to take a step ba c k and look at w h e r e or thot ic prac t ice has b e e n a n d w h e r e it m i g h t b e headed . T h e overall purpose of th is paper is to descr ibe the deve lopmen t and pract ice of or thot ics in the U n i t e d Sta tes . I wil l p ro v ide s o m e background o n the his tor ica l deve lopmen t o f the field, and e x a m i n e the supply of, and n e e d for, or thot ic pe rsonne l in the U n i t e d S ta tes . A n u m b e r of educa t ional p rograms p rov ide t ra in ing , and these will b e d i scussed . M e m b e r s h i p in profess ional o rgan iza t ions and cert i f ica t ion wil l b e desc r ibed previous to the pro v i s ion of data specif ic to device fabr icat ion and delivery. M y conc lus ion wil l p rov ide perspectives on the future of orthotics and prosthetics in the United States.


The problem we want to discuss in this paper is the following: Construct on the modular curve Xo(N) explicit divisors of degree 0 defined over Q, and relate their heights to the derivatives at (1) s = 1 of L-series of cusp forms of weight 2 and level N, We begin by recalling the definitions of the various terms occurring here and the motivation for the question. Let X be a curve defined over Q. By a divisor of degree 0 on X we mean a finite formal linear combination y = Y2iì{ì) iì e X{Q)i ft* £ Z) with ] [ \ m = 0. It is defined over Q if y°" = y for all a G Gal(Q/Q). The quotient of the abelian group of such divisors by the subgroup of principal divisors


Robust security measures are integrated into new release versions of operating systems (OSs) to ensure that users have a more secure and reliable environment to run their daily tasks. In this paper, through extensive practical experiments, we evaluate and compare the effectiveness of popular versions of Microsoft Windows OSs and Apple Mac OS X in thwarting Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) cache poisoning attack in Local Area Network (LAN). The experimental results demonstrate clearly that all tested versions of Windows OSs and Apple Mac OS X are still very vulnerable to the ARP cache poisoning attack, and do not deploy built-in efficient security features to prevent the success of this attack. In addition, the experimental results directly allow to contradict the common belief that Windows OSs are always less security aspects compared to Apple OSs.


Many processes are subject to deterioration over time. This paper presents a model which provides a rule for process revision which considers the costs of the available actions and a current prediction of the time at which revision will be necessary (1) under prior information only and (2) as periodic sampling information becomes available. An example is given.


This research aims to shed light on the effect of steel fiber shape, length, diameter, and aspect ratio on the mechanical properties of slurry infiltration fiber reinforced concrete (SIFCON). This study comprised of casting and testing three groups of SIFCON specimens with 6% fiber volume fraction. The first group was reinforced with micro steel fiber, other reinforced by hook end steel fibers, while the last group of specimens reinforced by mixing two shape of steel fiber as hybrid fiber (3% micro steel fiber +3% hook end steel fiber). Silica fume was used as a partial replacement (10%) by weight of cement. 3.7% super plasticizer was used to make the slurry liquid enough to penetrate through the fiber network, while the w/c ratio kept constant at 0.33. It was found from the results achieved that the compressive strength, static modulus of elasticity, splitting tensile strength and toughness are extremely affected by the geometry of fibers because the network of fibers formed and their density depends on the size and shape of fibers. Where the values of micro steel fibers are far outweighing the values of hooked end fibers. It was also deduced from empiricism results that combining long and short fibers gives excellent results.


The apparent effect of ionizing radiation on lung cancer in A‐bomb survivors has not been large enough to still doubts as to its validity. It has seemed essential to determine whether the apparent radiation effect could have resulted from a confounding of heavy smoking and high radiation dose, or if the occupational exposure of high‐dose subjects with lung cancer was suggestive of the influence of environmental hazards other than radiation. The available series consists of 204 subjects with lung cancer verified by autopsy, 61 of whom were low‐dose (<1 rad) and 13 high‐dose (200 + rads) subjects. No evidence could be found that the influence of either smoking or occupational exposure upon lung cancer was exerted so as to suggest that the apparent radiation effect is other than real. The study also provides additional evidence of the relationship between lung cancer and smoking in Japanese.


This paper presents three different schemes for modeling and analyzing the effects of gust fronts resulting from downbursts on structures. These schemes include: (i) the utiliza- tion of a manually controlled, pivoted flat plate that can be rotated to a high angle of incidence in a traditional low speed wind tunnel facility to mimic the kinematics and dynamics of a gust front and to quantify their effects on a series of prismatic models, (ii) simulation of flow past an in- clined flat plate using CFD and (iii) generation of a gust front flow field in a multiple fan wind tunnel facility containing individually controlled fans. In these experimental configurations, the inflow profile is tailored to produce an inverted profile, characteristic of outflows from downbursts where velocity maxima is achieved nearer to the ground surface, while also model- ing the transient dynamics of a gust front. Results demonstrate that the desired velocity profile can be reproduced within the conventional wind tunnel framework. Pressure measurements on a series of prismatic building models demonstrate the effect of the transient nature of gust front behavior and the subsequent change in pressures over a typical boundary layer flow, identifying key features for future investigations.


Dear Eve: the bonds of friendship and the roots of organic farming, M Schmitt, H Inhetveen and I Spieker, University of Goettingen, Germany Turf wars: the UK organic movements veto of GM, M Reed Farmers markets and the perpetually post-organic movement in Ireland, O Moore, University of Exeter, UK Means-end chain study of consumer preferences for organic food in France, L Sirieix, UMR MOISA, A Alessandrin, ADIV Association, and V Persillet, UMR MOISA, France Organic food risk perception at farmers markets in the UK and US, B A Scholten, Durham University, UK A conceptual model of willingness to pay for organic food in the UK, G C Holt Reverting in Denmark - has organic farming modernized out of business? P Kaltoft, Danish Ministry of Environment, Denmark and M Risgaard, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Denmark Conventionalisation of the Australian organic industry, S Jordan, Hokkaido University, H Shuji, Kyoto University and R Izawa, Hokkaido University, Japan EurepGAP and the decline of organic exporting from New Zealand, H Campbell, C McLeod, and R Christopher, University of Otago, New Zealand Emerging scared: problems for organic conversion in South Africa, K Niemeyer, Technical University of Munich, Germany and J Lombard, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa The paradox for the diffusion of organic farming in Denmark, N Egon, Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Denmark Organic farming in Norway: a way to express the female principle? H Bjorkhaug, University of Science and Technology, Norway Public sector procurement of organic food: school meals in Denmark, A Dahl and N H Kristensen, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark The Argarwende - expansion of organic farming in Germany, M Schafer, H Ulmer, A Engel, J Kantelhardt and A Heissenhuber, Technical University of Munich, Germany Rural development through organic territory: eco-regions in Austria, M Schermer, Innsbruck University, Austria From economic to social development: organic horticulture in Sao Paulo, Brasil, S Bellon, INRA-SAD, France and L S de Abreu, Embrapa Meio Ambiente, Sao Paulo, Brazil.


Nitrogen is a crucial element in the production of both leguminous and non-leguminous crops and has pivotal impact on the growth of legumes. The yield of soybean mainly ddepends on the accumulation of nitrogen and chlorophyll content in leaves. A pot experiment was conducted to determine the effects of phosphorus (P) and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) treatments, applied in combination with Pseudomonas fluorescence and Azotobacter chroococcum on the chlorophyll and nitrogen content in soybean (Glycine max. (L) Merr). P and PGPR were applied in the soil before sowing. Soybean plants (cv Zodiac) were grown on soil-sand mixture with P deficiency at two water regimes 70% water holding capacity of soil (WHC) as sufficient supply and 35% WHC as low water supply. The results revealed an overall increase in chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll content in the PGPR treated plants, compared to control (unfertilized) samples under normal soil moisture conditions. With regard to P supply, chlorophyll content was uniform in all treatments and there were no significant changes of chlorophyll concentration in normal soil water regime. However, phosphorus supply decreased chlorophyll concentration under water stress conditions. Phosphorus fertilization and PGPR application increased significantly the nitrogen concentration in leaves of cv. Zodiac under sufficient water supply. Under low water supply the P application increased the concentration of nitrogen in roots in comparison to control plants. Hence, the results suggest that the utilization of rhizobacteria and P supplemental nutrition have the potential to enhance the chlorophyll and nitrogen content of soybean in normal water regime of soil.


The trial fabrication of 140CrNiMo forging adamite rolls was introduced.The adamite blanks were cast with roll cast mould and the cast blanks were of shaft shape that could improve the blanks utilization rate.The heating process with low temperature for a long time was undertaken prior to the forging.Cast rolling blank was directly stretched with upside flat and underside "V" swage anvils(the older the anvil was,the better it was).The reduction was well controlled and tensile stress was effectively reduced while the compressive stress was increased.By this way,the failure of surface cracks of forging adamite rolls was solved successfully.The forging ratio was not less than 2,while the distribution of carbide was improved and the comprehensive force properties of the material were significantly increased.Final forging temperature was 900 ℃.The rolls will be air cooled to 450~500 ℃ after forging and before heat treatment.The process of heat treatment after forging was normalizing + spheroidizing + annealing by expanding hydrogen.After final heat treatment,the matrix of roll barrel was fine pearlite + secondary carbide.Qualified forged adamite rolls were produced successfully.


Introduction: For a detailed analysis of myocardial motion high temporal and spatial resolution is required. To avoid unacceptable long acquisition times, rapid imaging techniques have to be applied. In this contribution kt-BLAST and SENSE are compared in a beating heart phantom regarding the preservation of the velocity data in velocity encoded myocardial imaging at different degrees of acceleration. The highly reproducible motion curve of the heart phantom enables the quantitative comparison of the different techniques under reproducible conditions. All quantitative data is compared to the motion curves obtained by the non-accelerated technique.


Abstract : This report was prepared in response to a request from the 7th Army Training Command. The purpose of the research reported here was to examine the impact of Skill Qualification Tests (SQT) training and testing on USAREUR units. Infantry battalions were chosen for the research because at the time of the research they were the first battalions in USAREUR to complete one SQT training/testing sequence for record in their high density MOS, 11B (infantryman) and 11C (indirect fire infantryman). All results presented below are for their initial SQT training/testing period.


Tory Pride and Prejudice is an authoritative but highly accessible account of the Conservative Party's attitude towards homosexual law reform and gay rights, from the 1950s to the present day.Presented in the context of contemporary social and political developments it draws upon extensive primary research and exclusive interviews to chart the party's progress from an unwillingness to decriminalise homosexuality, via Section 28 in the 1980s, to the current Liberal-Conservative government, which has produced the first comprehensive statement on equal rights in British history. At once anecdotal and thoroughly researched, this is a highly revealing book that charts not just the change in attitudes within the Conservative Party, but also within politics and in society as a whole.


Objective To investigate the medical institutions of Hepatitis B cases in Inner Mongolia region.Methods Compared the field investigation cases and network reported cases by quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews.Results To survey 23 medical institutions,collet 2416 Hepatitis B cases.The reporting rate of Hepatitis B in Inner Mongolia was 85.94%.Repetition rate of Hepatitis B was 1.15%in 2008,multi-year rate was 1.42%from 2007 to 2008.The Hepatitis B concordance rate of field investigation cases and network reported cases was 79.30%.Clinicians had not to grasp the Hepatitis B diagnosis and the report knowledge.Conclusion Hepatitis B cases report confusion is a common problem existed in Inner Mongolia routine monitoring report,omissions report,duplicate report and error report existed in the same time.


The mold release treatment method according to the embodiments of the present invention comprises a step (a) for preparing a mold release agent containing a fluorine-based silane coupling agent and a solvent and a mold (100A) having a porous alumina layer (14) on the surface, a step (b) for applying the mold release agent to the surface, and, either before or after step (b), a step (c) for heating the surface to a temperature of 40 degrees or higher but less than 100oC under an atmosphere that has a relative humidity of 50% or higher.


Bis-hydroquinone substituted 4,4´-bipyridinium is the formal dimer of an alkaloid isolated from Punica granatum and can exist as dication, cross-conjugated as well as pseudo-cross-conjugated mesomeric betaine, and dianion. It can moreover form persistent radicals in the solid state as well as in solution due to redox reactions of the reducing and oxidizing partial structures. A reversible coupled photocatalytic process with proflavine as the sensitizer and EDTA as the sacrificial donor is presented. We performed ESR and ENDOR spectroscopy as well as DFT calculations to gain additional knowledge about the radical species.


In order to show a common natural landscape in winter, the charm of rime, an algorithm for rime growth simulation based on a physical approach is proposed in this paper. This algorithm mainly simulates two main kinds of rimes' growth, especially their morphology and direction, under the condition of surrounding factors, including the air pressure, temperature and wind. Firstly, this algorithm calculates the length of rime by using the icing conductor model which is established according to fluid mechanics and thermodynamic principles, a fractal method is introduced into our algorithm to simulate the morphology of the crystalline rime, and a segmentation method is for the simulation of the needle-like rime's morphology; After that, wind field is simulated by adopting the function of Perlin Noise. Finally, it analyzes the offset details of the rime growth in the wind according to its material mechanics knowledge. The wind force is used to calculate the deviation of rime. Experimental results show us that our algorithm in this paper can simulate two kinds of rime realistically, effectively and efficiently.


A leakage compensation technique is presented to compensate the on-chip loop filter leakage for phase-locked loops in 65-nm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor technology. Using the leakage compensation technique, the measured root-mean-square jitter is reduced to 3.10 ps when the output frequency is 950 MHz. This chip consumes 10 mW, and the active area is 0.14 mm2.


The purpose of study was to observe the effect of fluoride and calcium on enamel remineralizaton in vitro. Human premolar enamel specimens were prepared by demineralization in citric acid for 60 minutes. They were remineralized for 6 hours in one of the 1311owing solutions : (1) artificial saliva, (2) artificial saliva with 100ppmF, (3) artificial saliva with 1000ppmF, (4) artificial saliva with 1000ppmCa, and (5) artificial saliva with 100ppmF and 1000ppmCa. No significant remineralization was occurred in artificial saliva and artificial saliva with 100ppmF. Significant remineralization was observed in artificial saliva with 1000ppmF at 3 hours, and in artificial saliva with 1000ppmCa and artificial saliva with 100ppmF and 1000ppmCa at 3 and 6 hours(P


Skeletal muscle satellite cells located between the plasma membrane and the basal lamina of muscle fibres, could for many years, only be studied in situ by electron microscopy. The introduction of ...


UMEROUS methods have been employed to study the N root systems of plants in soils. Pavlychenko ( 5 ) reviewed the methods used prior to 1937 and described the soil-block washing method. Weaver and Darland ( 8 ) , studying soil-root relationships of native grasses in various soils, developed a method of sampling root systems of grasses by taking large soil monoliths of any desired depth and washing the roots contained therein free of soil. Fehrenbacher and Snider (1) used essentially the same method, as used by Weaver and Darland, to study corn root penetration and distribution in various soils. In the present study of corn roots, samples around corn hills were obtained by use of the soil-core sampling machine of Kelley, Hardman, and Jennings (3). One of these machines belonging to the Agricultural Research Service of the U.S.D.A. at Urbana, Ill., was used. The objective in using it was the development of an easier and quicker method of sampling roots by soil horizons. Soil cores for sampling roots have been used previously by Laird ( 4 ) and Fitspatrick and Rose ( 2 ) . They, however, used steel cylinders or steel pipes driven into the soil and had no convenient way of relating root development to soil profile characteristics. In addition to sampling with a power-driven core sampler, a shaker-type washer was used for removing soil from the roots. Previous methods of washing roots have depended largely on a stream of water from special hose nozzles to dislodge soil. Upchurch (7) developed a soilelution method of washing roots which avoided the loss of roots caused by directing a stream of water under pressure on a soil-root matrix resting on a screen. The shakertype washing method described here depends on gentle shaking action of a soil-root-water mixture to put the soil into suspension before it passes through a 16-mesh screen. Water under pressure is not required.


The (2+1)-dimensional Korteweg–de Vries–Sawada–Kotera–Ramani (KdVSKR) equation is studied by the singularity structure analysis. It is proven that it admits the Painlevé property. The Lie algebras which depend on three arbitrary functions of time t are obtained by the Lie point symmetry method. It is shown that the KdVSKR equation possesses an infinite-dimensional Kac–Moody–Virasoro symmetry algebra. By selecting first-order polynomials in t, a finite-dimensional subalgebra of physical transformations is studied. The commutation relations of the subalgebra, which have been established by selecting the Laurent polynomials in t, are calculated. This symmetry constitutes a centerless Virasoro algebra which has been widely used in the field of physics. Meanwhile, the similarity reduction solutions of the model are studied by means of the Lie point symmetry theory.


characterization of the North Polynya, Implications Harning and co-authors present a study of biomarker distribution in surface sediment samples from Baffin Bay, with focus on identifying biomarker signatures for the North Water Polynya that may inform paleo-environmental reconstructions in the region. This is both a well-justified and significant effort. On the one hand, the North Water is a globally important ecosystem that is particularly vulnerable to climate change. On the other hand, there is considerable uncertainty in the behavior, source producers (HBIs and sterols), and fidelity of biomarker proxies and thus local and regional data are essential to refine their usability. My


BECAUSE OF MY INTEREST in the field of black American literature and my feeling that many others share that interest, I decided last year to gather some information about the discipline-to inquire of individual English Departments throughout the United States whether they offered courses in black literature, and how many, and what the titles of the courses are; how their courses originated, and how the English faculty reacted to their introduction; what authors and works are studied in the courses, and what the guiding critical perspectives appear to be; which faculty teach the courses, and what their qualifications are for such assignments; and, finally, how many students the courses are currently attracting, and whether the number of students is increasing, decreasing, or holding stable. I then designed a two-page questionnaire which would solicit this desired information, and sent the questionnaire to the English Department Chairman at 305 two-year colleges and 790 senior colleges and universities. Of the 1,095 questionnaires sent out, 648 (or 59.2%) were returned -136 from 2-year colleges, 312 from private colleges and universities, 141 from public colleges and universities with an enrollment under 12,000, and 59 from public colleges and universities with an enrollment over 12,000. The study reveals, first of all, that the prevalence of availability of black literature courses increases in direct proportion to the increasing size of the institutions. Only 3700 of the 2-year colleges responding, for example, offer specific courses in black literature, whereas 59%0 of the private colleges and universities, 70% of the public colleges and universities under 12,000, and 93% of the public colleges and universities over 12,000 offer such courses.1 A total, then, of 387, or 59.700, of the 648 schools offer black literature courses. The "conventional wisdom" notion, incidentally, that the increased availability of such courses at the larger schools is the result of more intense student pressures at such schools is simply not borne out by the study. While more of the largest schools indicated the existence of student pressure, the other three kinds of schools actually


To evaluate the association of metabolic risk factors with severity and 2‐year progression of early degenerative cartilage changes at the knee, measured with T2 relaxation times in middle‐aged subjects from the Osteoarthritis Initiative.


(57) [summary] to provide an automatic inflatable catheter and balloon assembly. This assembly, to prevent excessive inflation of the balloon as a result of fluid flow changes in the lumen of the catheter, an automatic adjustable structure. Elastomeric balloon is attached snugly to the distal end of the catheter body. Assembly, at least a portion of the fluid flow through the lumen flows into the balloon direction, is configured to inflate the balloon. When the balloon is inflated, and further a number of fluid is discharged through the catheter arrangement whereby such a balloon is not over-expanded.


The concept of the 'interests of the company', which forms a key part of the duty to act in good faith in the interests of the company, has come under recent scrutiny, particularly in terms of its incorporation of creditors' interests and in light of corporate social responsibility concerns. This note (published in (2104) 32 Company & Securities Law Journal 64) examines the differing operation of the duty as concerns creditors in Australia and the United Kingdom and examines the suitability of the duty to require consideration, or protection, of other stakeholders, particularly in light of s 1324 of the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth).


In this paper we present a framework for forming interests-based Peer-to-Peer communities using client-side web browsing history. At the heart of this framework is the use of an order statistics-based approach to build communities with hierarchical structure. We have also carefully considered privacy concerns of the peers and adopted cryptographic protocols to measure similarity between them without disclosing their personal profiles. We evaluated our framework on a distributed data mining platform we have developed. The experimental results show that our framework could effectively build interests-based communities.


Three studies were performed assessing the clinical value of digital electro- and phonocardiography (dECG, dPCG) with telemedicine application. In the first study, some Doppler echocardiographic parameters (ejection fraction, aortic Vmax, the grade of mitral and tricuspid regurgitation) were estimated from the spectral amplitude value of 170 time-frequency cells of the TriTest dPCG using multivariate discriminant analysis of 584 cardiac patients (292 for the training, and 292 for the test set). A cost analysis of heart failure (HF) screening in various populations was performed on 452 subjects. The greatest cost-savings (Euro / one HF patient) was found in the combined use of dECG and dPCG compared with the TE screening alone (mean: 82.4 CI-95%: 69.5-96.4 versus mean: 230.1 CI-95%: 196.5-254.4; p<0.001). In the third study, during the 24 months telemonitoring of serious heart failure patients, 124 hospital days charge was saved, comparing the two, 29-29 patientspsila groups.


An overview is given of the history of wireless LAN standards. Several physical layer and medium access layer wireless LAN standards are described, with the main focus on IEEE 802.11 standards.

Keywords:

wireless LAN;
IEEE 802.11;
HIPERLAN;
MMAC;
OFDM;
CCK


The alkaline hydrolysis of monochlorotriazine reactive dyes under standard con ditions has been studied individually and in mixtures. The rate and extent of hydrolysis have been determined using a high performance thin layer chromatographic technique as well as an analysis of the concentration of chloride ions liberated during hydrolysis. The results indicate that for the pair of dyes where interaction takes place under aqueous alkaline conditions, both the rate and extent of hydrolysis decrease, and when no interaction between the dyes occurs, the hydrolysis of the respective dyes individually and in mixture is the same.


We consider a one-dimensional structure where noninteracting spin-s scattering centers, such as quantum impurities or multilevel atoms, are embedded at given positions. We show that the injection into the structure of unpolarized flying qubits, such as electrons or photons, along with path detection suffice to accomplish spin-state teleportation between two centers via a third ancillary one. No action over the internal quantum state of both the spin-s particles and the flying qubits is required. The protocol enables the transfer of quantum information between well-separated static entities in nanostructures by exploiting a very low control mechanism, namely scattering.


Introduction: The main conclusion of the comprehensive investigation of the cosmic-ray exposure (CRE) ages of aubrites by Eberhardt et al.[1] was that the ages of these meteorites are significantly higher than those of chondrites and that 6 out of 9 aubrite ages fall into an interval of 40 to 50 Ma. In the time since this work a number of new members of this meteorite group was collected. Furthermore, the production rates for the stable cosmogenic noble gas isotopes were recalibrated based on various radionuclides. Thus, we started a project for the analysis of the new aubrites and for the determination of their CRE ages and present here the first results. In 1974 Mayo Belwa fell in Nigeria and since 1978, 36 aubrite specimens were recovered in Antarctica. They represent 5 or 6 different falls. Five additional meteorites, Mt. Egerton, Happy Canyon, Horse Creek, LEW88055 and Shallowater [2,3], are considered to be anomalous aubrites. The caption to Fig. 1 gives a complete list of the presently dated aubrites.


Mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) denotes complex and huge distributed systems that include wireless movable nodes that can spontaneously and dynamically self-organize into random and temporary, ad-hoc network topologies, allowing people and devices to impeccably inter network in areas with no pre-existing communication infrastructure. MANETs require a unique, different, and insistent identity per node in order for their security protocols to be feasible. This project focus on Sybil attack detection. It pose a serious threat to networks. An attack against identity in which a separate entity masquerades as many instantaneous identities is called as Sybil attack. A Sybil attacker can either create additional than one identity on a single physical device in order to launch a corresponding attack on the network or can change identities in order to weaken the detection. The major purpose is to detect Sybil nodes using received signal strength will help communication of the network be easy. The two main metrics in order to decide the detection accuracy in different environments such as true positive rate and false positive rate. Keywords— Mobile Ad hoc Networks; Sybil Attack; Received Signal Strength; True positive rate.


In recent years, the mining of frequent itemsets from uncertain databases has attracted much attention. Several researches have been conducted using different uncertain frameworks as probabilities, fuzzy sets and, most recently, evidence theory. There is very little study paid to mining pertinent knowledge from data where reliability is questionable. In this paper, we study and extend the evidential database framework in accounting data reliability. We propose new measures of support and confidence under uncertainty that consider the reliability and extend the state-of-the-art works. The proposed framework is thoroughly experimented on a real case problem for developing classification model from a chemical database.


This study was conducted to validate the safety and efficiency of biomimetic nanohydroxyapatite/polyamide 66 (n-HA/PA66) composite in animal model (rabbit) and report its application in anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) for 4, 12, and 24 weeks. N-HA/PA66 composite was implanted into one-side hind femur defects and the control defects were kept empty as blank controls. A combination of macroscopic and histomorphometric studies was performed up to 24 weeks postoperatively and compared with normal healing. 60 cervical spondylosis myelopathy and radiculopathy patients who were subjected to ACDF using n-HA/PA66 and PEEK cage were involved in this study with six-month minimum follow-up. Their radiographic (cage subsidence, fusion status, and segmental sagittal alignment (SSA)) and clinical (VAS and JOA scales) data before surgery and at each follow-up were recorded and compared. Nanohydroxyapatite/polyamide 66 composite is safe and effective in animal experiment and ACDF.


Society´s demands on individuals has changed, which can make young people feel increasingly depressed and causing lower self-esteem. Lower self-esteem contributes to greater aggression. If an indiv ...


The conversion efficiency of electrical to microwave power by magnetrons operating at 896 / 915 MHz is significantly greater than that of magnetrons operating at 2.45 GHz. The increased efficiency at this frequency improves the prospects of microwave firing being adopted as a commercially viable process but the change in frequency alters the microwave-material interactions that take place. This paper discusses the influence and implications of using 896 / 915 MHz for firing ceramics and compares dielectric property data at both frequencies. The results suggest that using the lower frequency will result in more efficient heating.


12 M KOH fuel is analyzed using flow injection, a Teflon spray chamber, a OneNeb nebuliser and a torch with ceramic injector.


In this research, we used the von Bertalanffy curve for the development of a simulation model of the growth of captive marals or Caspian Red Deer ( Cervus elaphus sibiricus ). The data used in this study was from 18 male marals of Russian (n=9) and Kazakh (n=9) origin, managed under similar conditions, and measured for body weight during their growth at 9, 18 and 24 months. The curve results provided a =219.2 and c =0.163 for the "standard" Bertalanffy model, and a =194.5 and c =0.166 for the Levenberg-Marquardt model. The Akaike Information Criterion was clearly lower in the latter model (17,751) than in the "standard" one (45,652) but there were differences between the obtained and estimated weights. There were no differences in growth between Russian and Kazakh animals, and studied marals did not reach their full growth ( i.e. the asymptotic level) by 2 years of age, although theoretically stags are ready to mate at 24–30 months of age. Poor feeding of stags in early life or during the antler-growing period can decrease antler production by 10–20%, so if the lack of asymptotic level indicates a deficiency in antler production, antler production is below the potential level, probably due to poor nutrition.


The paper tables a proposal for improving the current domestic standard of contamination emission in Aluminum industry and expatiates on the relations of production capacity, pot capacity, amount of pollutent and environmental situation and purifying. Meanwhile, it discusses the issues about calculating method of pot gas collection efficiency, measures for improving collection efficiency, environmental protection and production management.


Intense geoelectric fields during geomagnetic storms drive geomagnetically induced currents in power grids and other infrastructure, yet there are limited direct measurements of these storm‐time geoelectric fields. Moreover, most previous studies examining storm‐time geoelectric fields focused on single events or small geographic regions, making it difficult to determine the typical source(s) of intense geoelectric fields. We perform the first comparative analysis of (a) the sources of intense geoelectric fields over multiple geomagnetic storms, (b) using 1‐s cadence geoelectric field measurements made at (c) magnetotelluric survey sites distributed widely across the United States. Temporally localized intense perturbations in measured geoelectric fields with prominences (a measure of the relative amplitude of geoelectric field enhancement above the surrounding signal) of at least 500 mV/km were detected during geomagnetic storms with Dst minima (Dstmin) of less than −100 nT from 2006 to 2019. Most of the intense geoelectric fields were observed in resistive regions with magnetic latitudes greater than 55° even though we have 167 sites located at lower latitudes during geomagnetic storms of −200 nT ≤ Dstmin < −100 nT. Our study indicates intense short‐lived (<1 min) and geoelectric field perturbations with periods on the order of 1–2 min are common. Most of these perturbations cannot be resolved with 1‐min data because they correspond to higher frequency or impulsive phenomena that vary on timescales shorter than that sampling interval. The sources of geomagnetic perturbations inducing these intense geoelectric fields include interplanetary shocks, interplanetary magnetic field turnings, substorms, and ultralow frequency waves.


An inverter-fed six-pole radial hybrid magnetic bearing (HMB) has the characteristics of compact structure, high support speed, long service life, and so on. However, using displacement sensors to detect rotor displacements leads to the problems of large volume, high cost, and low reliability. In this article, a self-sensing method using improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) least square support vector machine (LS-SVM) is proposed, which eliminates the influences of displacement sensors fundamentally. The structure and working principle of six-pole radial HMB are introduced, and the mathematical model of its radial suspension force is deduced according to the equivalent magnetic circuit method. Based on the regression principle of the LS-SVM, the prediction model between the currents in control coils and the rotor displacements is established. Also, the performance parameters of LS-SVM are optimized by the IPSO algorithm, which realizes self-sensing modeling of rotor displacement. The simulation system for self-sensing modeling of rotor displacement for six-pole radial HMB is constructed, and floating experiment, static suspension experiment, dynamic suspension experiment, and disturbance experiment of the rotor are carried out, which verify the robustness and stability of the self-sensing method proposed.


The newly-upgraded universities and colleges are the important constituents of the higher education in our country,which have the very strong vigor and the development potential.The campus cultural construction is a important task of the newly-upgradeduniversities and colleges,which has the extremely vital significance to their development.In this paper,the wrong idea of the campus cultural construction in the newly-upgraded universities and colleges has been analyzed.The idea of regarding educating people as the core of campus cultural construction is proposed.The construction of the campus material culture,science and technology culture,cultural carrier and extension of the campus cultural activity,etc,are the main countermeasures of improving campus cultural construction.


Objective To discuss the relationship and clinical significance of livar cirrhosis and serum ferritin (SF),Alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and Gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT).Methods 31 patients with liver cirrhosis were examined with Micropartical enzyme immunoassay (MEIA) for SF and with histochemical method for AKP and γ-GT.Results There was a positive correlation between the contents of SF,AKP,γ-GT and the disease actioity of liver cirrhosis.Conclusions SF,AKP and γ-GT have grent ralae in the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis Overall analysis is needed to prognostic value of liver cirrhosis combined with clinical resentation liver function B ultrasonographyu liver pathological diagnosis and ather related laboratory exam.


Renewable feedstocks and fewer process steps can reduce financial and environmental costs The search for new drug candidates has led pharmaceutical investigators to explore molecular structures of increasing complexity. This requirement is the result of the growing recognition that structural complexity can correlate to desirable drug candidate attributes, including enhanced target binding selectivity (1), solubility (2), and clinical success rates (3, 4). Considering that structurally complex molecules demand longer and more elaborate series of consecutive chemical transformations for preparation, development teams striving to elaborate efficient and sustainable processes for their manufacture face substantial challenges (5, 6). On page 681 of this issue, Smaligo et al. (7) present an example of expeditious preparation of complex molecular scaffolds using new chemical technology.


UHF RFID based duo tag technology——vehicle tag and driver tag has met the demand in solving the social problem of stolen vehicles,it could realize both the anti-theft function,of vehicle and the prevention of traffic violations.Duo-tag technology is used in vehicle and driver management by forms of vehicle card and driver card,including fixed matching and flexible matching.Fixed matching is done when two cards are issued,and flexible matching could be realized by CTI and WEB technologies.This duo-tag technology has been effectively used in application projects,and is proved to be a new method for vehicle and driver management.


Objectives To study the clinical characteristics of aged patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy with respect to diagnosis and treatment.Methods Clinical data of 246 patients with pancreatic cancer who received pan- creaticoduodenectomy in Huadong Hospital since August 2002 were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed to compare dif- ferences in postoperative complications between elderly patients and younger patients.Results The morbidity of pulmonary infection,heart failure and delirium in the elderly patient group was significantly higher than that in the younger patient gro- up,while there was no significant difference in anastomotic leakage and mortality between the two groups.Conclusion Age is not a contraindication for pancreaticoduodenectomy,and perioperative care should be intensified in elderly patients.


The troubles with the diesel engine gear train for DF4 locomotive were analysed and the reasons for the troubles were pointed out to reduce the number of troubles.


Single‐mode rib waveguides with low propagation loss (0.2 dB/cm) were fabricated on GaAs/AlGaAs single heterostructures by dry etching. The attenuation of these guides was measured to study the effect of rib structure on propagation loss at 1.52 μm. An increase in loss with increased rib height and decreased rib width was associated with scattering due to a rib surface roughness of approximately 50 nm for ion milled waveguides. Fabrication with reactive ion etching reduced the rib roughness and its associated scattering loss by a factor of 3 or more in waveguides with strong optical confinement (effective index difference of 0.012) of the fundamental guided mode.


Regelidine (1), a new nicotinoyl sesquiterpene alkaloid, was isolated from the roots of Tripterygium regelii. The structure of 1 was determined on the basis of 1H-, 13C-NMR spectrometry and X-ray crystallography. The absolute configuration of 1 was deduced unambiguously by the anomalous dispersion method.


In this paper the hardware design of an Applied Potential Tomograph system developed at BARC is presented. It comprised of a data acquisition unit, an interface unit and a personal computer. Data acquisition unit measures mutual impedance values between adjacent electrodes by passing sinusoidal current in different directions. The mutual impedance value along with lead configuration number and gain value are read by personal computer through interface unit. Mutual impedance values obtained from Phantom for different conductivity distributions are shown to be significantly different.


Iz is ironic that Stephenson chooses to characterize the fallacies of the &dquo;rule of the single variable&dquo; as leading, in mental testing, to the uncovering and measurement of potentialities only.l Projective tests such as the Thematic Apperception Test and Rorschach's set of ink blots are extolled along with Stephenson's own Q-Technique, as being able to reach into the actual rather than the potential characteristics of persons.2 Now this is a worthwhile and praiseworthy accomplishment, this reaching into the actual rather than potential characteristics of persons, and Stephenson should be roundly applauded for achieving what no other scientist has been able to--if, indeed, he has done so.


-In this report we analyze patterns of size-assortative mating in an insect genus by (1) describing the consistency and strength of assortative mating among populations of a species and among species of a genus, and (2) determining the role of sampling artifacts in generating this nonrandom pattern of mating. Our data consist of 18 samples of soldier beetles (8 species of the genus Chauliognathlls) from 17 sites within the southwestern United States. Of the 18 samples, just 6 exhibited significant correlations between e1ytron lengths of mating pairs. \Ve show how these and other significant correlations are generated by 3 kinds of sampling artifacts: mixed-species samples, mixed-population samples, and mixed-microsite samples.


In this paper, the finite-element/boundary-element program CAPA [1] is presented, which has been developed by the authors during the last decade. With this software environment we are able to model quite different types of transducers which mostly risk for the numerical solution of a multifield problem, such as coupled electric-mechanical fields or magnetic-mechanical fields. Practical applications of an ultrasound array antenna, a capacitive acceleration sensor and an electrodynamic loudspeaker will demonstrate the applicability of the developed software.


The ligand-field spectra for the cobalt complexes in the single crystals of K3H2[CoIIIW12O40]·16H2O and K4H2[(COII, ZnII)W12O40]·nH2O have been observed at several temperatures above 1.4 K and assigned under D2 site symmetry. In the spectrum of the elongated CoIIIO4 complex, two absorption bands of 8250 and 8953 cm−1 strengthen with increasing temperature by vibronic mechanism. The X-band ESR spectra of both complexes have also been measured at 77 K. The signal from the Co(III) complex is not observed. The signal of the high-spin Co(II) complex of tetrahedral symmetry is unequivocally observed even at relatively high temperature of 77 K. From the analysis of the ESR spectrum, it is concluded that the CoIIO4 tetrahedron of D2 symmetry is flattened and deviated slightly from axial symmetry.


Military ideals . . . are all founded in hard military experience; they did not find expression because some admiral got it in his head one day to set an unattainable goal for his men, or because some general wished to turn a pious face toward the public. 1 -S.L.A. Marshall THERE IS A LOT going on in the military ideals arena today. Not within recent memory has there been such a frenzy of workshops, conferences and study sessions within the services aimed at redefining core values.2 This process is intended to remedy recent ethical lapses in the services, head off future ones and put character development on a firmer footing. Nor is the ferment confined just to ethics. If the post-Cold War era forced a radical reappraisal of the nation's grand strategic position, the information age is revolutionizing the nature of war itself. Revised Army principles and guidelines to accommodate these new strategic and warfighting realities are hot topics in today's military journals. The current "value updating" or "value reaffirmation period" is absolutely essential so we as a profession can ensure that our operative values-our military ideals-continue to provide for the nation's security. This article assesses where the services stand today along the broad spectrum of military values and ideals. On the theory that we can better determine where we ought to go if we know where we have been, I will trace a few defining historical precedents along the path of US military value evolution. With the continuities from past to present thus established, we should gain a clearer picture of where it is wise to cling to the old and where we may venture to take up the new. There is no single authoritative document setting forth US military ideals, nor is there even an acknowledged corpus of such documents.4 Nor, for that matter, is there an authoritative statement of what constitutes military ideals. For clarity's sake, there are several groupings that appear to be valid subsets of military ideals, recognizing that meaningful discussion will not always accommodate rigid compartmentalization along such analytic lines. Military ethics certainly fall under the broad umbrella term and we should also include ideals in operational matters, such as the conduct of war itself.5 Ideals of military leadership are also relevant, applying in peacetime and bureaucratic settings as well as in war. Certain macro ideals derive from American society values-freedom, equality, individualism and democracy.6 These are obviously inappropriate as actual operative ideals for armed forces. Nonetheless, they condition the operative ideals in important ways, thus distinctly differentiating the ethos of American Armed Forces from those of autocratically governed nations.7 A good case can be made for including certain normative imperatives peculiar to individual armed services-ideals emanating from distinct roles, missions, styles, cultures and the different war realms of land, sea, air and space.8 An example is the centralized control principle of all theater aerospace assets the Air Force refers to as its doctrinal "master tenet," and has embraced this tenet with near-religious fervor.9 As author Carl Builder has conclusively demonstrated, similar reverentially embraced ideals exist in the other services.10 I will confine my discussion to those broad generic ideals growing with minor variation from the historical experience of peace and war common to all US Armed Forces. Ethical Ideals The early provenance of US military ideals lies in the history of war itself, predating the emergence of American military professionalism in the 19th century. The latter 18th-century British military honor code, distinctly aristocratic in tone, served as a model for George Washington's Revolutionary forces, though it was substantially revised to fit social and political conditions in America. The British code, an evolved adaptation of the chivalry code from feudal times, was in fact an amorphous array of principles, values and traditions that encompassed the British officer's concept of honor. …


This thesis work presents the design of a RFID reader antenna using microstrip antenna design technology. Microstrip antennas have many advantages as compared to conventional microwave antennas and therefore cover a broad microwave frequency range i.e 100 MHz to 100 GHz. The microstrip antennas have very low cost, light weight, and thin profile configuration which can be made conformal and can be easily integrated with microwave integrated circuits. These antennas can be made dual polarized. So a circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna working UHF band has been proposed in this thesis. The UHF frequencies typically offer much better read range (inches to 50+ ft. depending on the RFID system setup) and can transfer data faster (i.e. read many more tags per second) than lowand high-frequencies. To fulfill the requirements, a very low cost easily fabricated slotted microstrip antenna has been designed on low cost easily available FR4 substrate. A compact microstrip circularly polarized slotted antenna is presented in this paper. The antenna is having wider operational bandwidth from 740 MHz to 1560MHz. The antenna is designed with Coplanar waveguide (CPW) feed with T-shaped feeding line. To obtain proper impedance matching two L-shaped lines are inserted into the circular slot in the ground plane. It shows simulated 70% fractional bandwidth centered at 1150 MHz. The peak gain of the antenna is 4dB. The antenna has 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth of around 383 MHz ie from 1155 MHz to 1438 MHz. The fabricated antenna has been tested using Agilante ENA 710C vector network analyzer The dimension of the antenna is 0.28λ × 0.28λ × 0.019λ , where λ corresponds to the wavelength of the lowest cutoff frequency. This antenna is suitable for ultrahigh frequency (UHF) radio-frequency identification (RFID) reader applications.


Presentation on the discovery of anode-directed recombination
emission wave in coplanar dielectric barrier discharge
generated at atmospheric pressure in helium.


This poster showcases the Collaborative European Digital Archive Infrastructure (CENDARI) project, a European-Union Seventh Framework project, which takes an innovative approach to digital historical research as well as to data integration and curation. The presenters, representing diverse disciplinary perspectives, explain their converging paths toward the creation of a research infrastructure that will further historical inquiry in the digital age.


The article presents the analysis of cooperation between the Visegrad Group countries and China. The authors came to the conclusion that the Visegrad Quartet – Hungary, Poland, the Czech Republic and Slovakia – occupies an important place in the region and in the implementation of the Chinese Belt and Road initiative. The Visegrad states use the format for interaction with both Euro-Atlantic entities and the PRC, balancing and trying to get additional benefits from cooperation with centers of power in Europe, North America and Asia.


This paper focuses on development of Wireless monitoring system for Street light controlling & other Function which are present on side. This System consists of different Sensor for collecting the data & the combination of ZigBee & GSM module for transmission of data from one place to another place. Then it finally display on PC or Terminal window. It uses ZigBee based wireless device which is more power efficient with a high node capacity. There is one Base Station which collects the all data receiving from different poles of Street Light & analysis this data & take the appropriate action against it. Index Term: Wireless Control, Automatic Lighting, ZigBee, GSM, Sensor Network.


Necrotising fasciitis can be described as a severe soft tissue infection that results in progressive destruction of
subcutaneous fat and fascia. Necrotising fasciitis is commonly due to Streptococcus pyogenes infection but often due to
mixed infections like anaerobes, coliforms and gram negative organisms. The capacity of NSAIDs of disregulating the production of
inammatory mediators (such as cytokines, proteases, etc.) by leucocytes is a plausible biological mechanism to explain how these drugs might
predispose to Necrotising Fasciitis or impede its timely recognition and management. Furthermore, intramuscular injection of NSAID can
provoke severe tissue trauma, such as aseptic tissue necrosis, representing a local portal of entry for infection that can progress to NF, potentially
masking symptoms of Necrotising fasciitis leading to delaying in diagnosis. This study aims to establish an association between Severe
Necrotising fasciitis in patients with administration of NSAIDs. This study described 14 cases of Necrotizing fasciitis admitted in JSS hospital,
severity complicated by administration of NSAIDS. A detailed description of the patients was done in the case report.


A nonpolarized light,after being reflected by an object,becomes partially linearly polarized.Given the refractive index,Fresnel's law gives the quantitative relation between degree of polarization and incident angle.The polarization angle of secularly reflected light is 90 degree from the azimuth angle of the incident plane.In this paper,we review the theory basis and algorithm of shape from polarization for transparent object.Firstly,the reflection model proposed by Lawrence B Wolff is introduced,which illustrates the reflection feature of transparent object.Then is the algorithm of shape from polarization for transparent object based on polarization of specularly reflected light.Since the azimuth angle ambiguity and zenith angle ambiguity are inherent to shape from polarization algorithm,techniques for disambiguity are reviewed respectively.Existing algorithm of shape from polarization were allestablished on the assumption that the reflected light is parallel to the optical axis of the polarimetry,which is not always satisfied in actual application.To devote this problem,the vector based algorithm by the author is briefly introduced.Finally,the future research direction is pointed out.


FIELD: physics, image processing. SUBSTANCE: invention is related to method of reduction of redundancy of transmitted information. Invention actually consists in creation of method for additional information transmission at fractal coding of images. Transmission of additional information is carried out in the following manner: whenever initial image is compressed with the help of fractal compression method, in indices of domain units orientation binary sequence of three digits is recorded, which represents additional information, then based on this additional information processed domain is turned and brightness coefficients - o and contrast coefficients - s are searched for by method of least squares, which correspond to optimal values, at which the following expression is minimised: where {d ij } and {r ij } accordingly are values of pixels in domain and range areas, as a result of which optimal domain is found with account of inbuilt additional information for coding of range unit, after that indices of domains, coefficients of brightness and contrast, additional information are sent through communication channel. On receiving side additional information is separated and initial image is restored. EFFECT: creation of method for additional information transmission with fractal coding of images. 4 dwg


Prosecutor v. Delalic, Mucic, Delic and Landzo ('Celebici') is one of the most complicated cases to be brought before the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia ('Tribunal'). It involved the joint trial of four defendants (three Bosnian Muslims and one Bosnian Croat), who were charged with 49 counts covering grave breaches of the Geneva Conventions and/or violations of the laws and customs of war for killing, torturing and sexually assaulting detainees in a prison camp in central Bosnia, known as Celebici camp. The Celebici case was a particularly difficult joint trial because the four accused occupied very different positions: Landzo was a camp guard, Mucic was the camp commander, Delic was the camp's deputy commander (who took over from Mucic as commander) and Delalic was the coordinator of the Bosnian Muslim and Bosnian Croat forces in the area and later a commander in the Bosnian Army. Delalic, Mucic and Delic were charged with command responsibility and Delic and Landzo were charged with individual responsibility. In light of their different positions and the charges against them, it was foreseeable that problems relating to contradictory defence strategies and the protection of each defendant's right to a fair trial would be raised. The accused were arrested and transferred to The Hague between March and June


Rarely does a corporation petitioning for reorganization have either adequate working capital or sufficient credit.1 The typical company in the process of rehabilitation has also mortgaged to the limit its poorly maintained assets2 and anticipated earnings, and it is usually burdened with fixed charges or maturities beyond its power to meet. Whether the debtor or its creditors seek the aid of the court, the purpose of reorganization is to keep the corporation's assets free from the grasping hands of creditors and safe from the ravages of time and use until the corporation is financially readjusted. Such readjustment takes time, and until it is accomplished the court may be required to raise fresh funds to preserve the debtor's property and to continue the operation of its business. It is important, not only to the company's management, creditors, suppliers and stockholders, but also, and perhaps even more so, to its employees and to the communities that depend in part on it, that the needed money become available. Traditionally, the problem of raising fresh funds has been resolved in large part by loans to the debtor's receiver or trustee in exchange for court-authorized certificates.3 Typically these are secured by prior liens on assets of the debtor, including assets already mortgaged, are given some degree of priority with respect to unmortgaged assets, or are


This text is divided into four parts. First part Analyse to FDI and dependence of increase in GDP of our country, second part On the basis of production function, check and calculate to traditional economic growth whom method expand but receive can is it analyse inspection frame of result to realize ideal, the third part Carry on economy and measure and analyse , use the analysis result to discuss the question of fierce dispute at present: Foreign direct investment to China function that economic growth contribute, the end is conclusion and policy meaning.


The present invention relates to an apparatus for receiving and dispensing the fluid material the fluid material under a hermetic condition, comprising a rigid container (5), the bag made of thermoplastic material (9) is inserted into the rigid container, the bag having a flange (3,3A) and a hole for receiving the pump (P) of the body, the body of the pump (P) is pressed to form the bag (9) a flange (3,3A) by a first ring cap (N) seal, a second ring cap (G) is connected to a threaded container neck (6) and is fixed to the bag (9), a first ring cap (N) locked to the second ring cap (G), a first and a second ring on the ring cap is provided with engagement members (13, 14), so as to have a torsional rigidity between the first cover and the second ring cap ring with each other, such that the first ring cap is applied to the pump (N) between the cover causes rotation of the second ring cap (G) corresponds to the rotation, so as to facilitate removal of the pump (P) from the container (5) is taken out from the container the empty bag.


Three magnetic fields (2000,3000 and 4000) guass were used to study the germination of five types of medicinal plant seed (Nigella sativa, Coriandrum sativum, Cuminum cyminum, Eruca sativa and Foenicutum. vulgare). The seeds were incubated in the dark and in certain moisture at three different temperature levels (10, 18 and 22)°C for 14 days. During the growth experiments, the best temperature of germination was found at 18°C, where it excelled three seed of five and gave a high percentage of germination to F. vulgare E. sativa C. sativum. Magnetic fields showed a differential effect in plant seed with different temperature. Where the seeds of F. vulgare and C. sativum gave the highest percentage of germination at 18°C.


Structural change—e.g., interdisciplinary development—is often an objective of government interventions in science and technology. However, the dynamic analysis of structural change in the organization of the sciences requires methodologically the integration of multivariate and time-series analysis. Recent developments in multidimensional scaling (MDS) enable us to distinguish the stress originating in each time-slice from the stress originating from the sequencing of time-slices, and thus to locally optimize the trade-offs between these two sources of variance in the animation. Furthermore, visualization programs like Pajek and Visone allow us to show not only the positions of the nodes, but also their relational attributes like betweenness centrality. Betweenness centrality in the vector space can be considered as an indicator of interdisciplinarity. Using this indicator, the dynamics of the citation impact environments of the journals Cognitive Science, Social Networks, and Nanotechnology are animated and assessed in terms of interdisciplinarity among the disciplines involved.


Côte d'Ivoire produces cucumber ( threatened by a disease which symptoms are similar to a virus disease despite the use of varieties so called resistant to virus diseases. In order to imp was made. After assessing the extent of the disease in two large cucumber production areas on the outskirts of the city of Abidjan, two direct and indirect diagnoses were made. The first one was made on the basis of observation and description of the characteristic symptoms of viral infection. As for the second one, samples of symptomatic and asymptomatic leaves were randomly collected from infected plots. Molecular analyses were done using PCR followed by gel. 92.42% of cucumber plants were infected in the plots with a high average severity of 4. The direct diagnosis led to conclude that the cucumber was CMV presence of CMV virus responsible fo by cucumber plants and the identification of the viral agent associated with the symptoms justified an infection of cucumber plots in peri than 31 years earlier.


This study was conducted to determine the effect of granular organic fertilizers on growth and yield of pak choi and rice cv. Phitsanulok 60-2. The study was divided into two experiments. The first experiment was to investigate the type of organic fertilizers on yield of pak choi. Manure, bioextract water, granular organic fertilizer and granular organic fertilizer mixed with bioextract water were applied to pak choi every four days. Pak choi that received granular organic fertilizer mixed with bioextract water showed the highest growth and yield. The second experiment was to compare granular organic fertilizer and the agent acted as soil amendment (VD 100) on the growth and yield of rice cv. Phitsanulok 60-2. Treatments consisted of chemical fertilizer, granular organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, VD 100 and chemical fertilizer and no fertilizer as control. Results revealed that the application of VD 100 did not increase growth of rice. Rice grown with granular organic fertilizer plus chemical fertilizer showed the highest growth and yield.


X2 test Often in medicine, as a result of observation of our patients or populations, we find ourselves asking this sort of question: "Is there a link between diet and gastric carcinoma ?"; "What is the relationship between residence in high rise fiats and the incidence of upper respiratory tract infection in children?"; " What effect, if any, on speech development in children does admission to hospital have?", and so on. We are in fact attempting to demonstrate the presence of an association between two apparently independent factors. The statistical test used to establish such associations, subject to the usual rules of . probability, is the X2 test. The working of the test is best illustrated by means of an example but before we get that far, two important points should be noted. First: the X 2 test must be calculated with " real figures", that is, it will not work using percentages or rates. Second: although the test will show the existence of an association within certain bounds of'probabiIity, it gives no guide to the true strength or degree of association present.


Student can't able to give examples related to the problems of learning chemistry in high school. The purpose of this study is to develop a module of problems in chemistry learning contextual-based in Belajar dan pembelajaran. Development research uses the Rowntree model combined with Tessmer's formative evaluation. The research subjects were 4th semester students participating in Belajar dan Pembelajaran. Data collection techniques carried out through interviews and questionnaires. Data analysis consisted of validation data analysis and student assessment data analysis. Validation data analysis was given to the design expert, pedagogic expert, material expert on a Likert scale and analyzed with Aiken. Analysis of student assessment data is carried out at the one to one and small group stages with the Guttman scale. The results showed the modules developed met the design validation test of 0.87, pedagogical validation of 80, material validation of 0.86 all with a high category. The results of student assessment of modules developed practically where at one to one stage by 90% and small groups by 96.66% with a very high category. It can be concluded that the module of problems in chemistry learning contextual-based in Belajar dan pembelajaran lecture have met the valid and practical criteria.


The utility model relates to a portable meter box, comprising a box body (1) with an upper cover. The portable meter box is characterized in that: three baffle plates are installed along a vertical direction in the box body (1), so that the box body (1) is divided into 4 sub-boxes which are a first sub-box (2), a second sub-box (3), a third sub-box (4) and a fourth sub-box (5) in order; wherein a coiling hub (6) is arranged in the first sub-box (2), a current line is wound on the coiling hub (6); a crank, a pay-off reel and a ground rod are placed in the second sub-box (3); a resistance tester (7) is placed in the third sub-box (4); and a coiling hub (6) is installed in the fourth sub-box (5), a voltage line is wound on the coiling hub (6). By adopting the portable meter box of the utility model, only two persons can easily complete a measurement task, thereby greatly raising a work efficiency, reducing measuring time, and reducing labor cost.