Objective:The objective of this study was to investigate the effect on evaluation of stenosis severity of coronary artery with the kinetics of oxygen uptake(VO_2),anaerobic threshold(AT)and cardiopulmonary functional capacity during the onset of exercise in patients with suspected angina.Methods:Treadmill graded exercise tests with gas analysis 、ultrasound cardiography、coronary angiography were conducted on sixty-eight patients with suspected angina.According to stenosis severity of coronary artery,sixty-eight patients were divided into three groups:less than 50% stenosis(39),50%-70% stenosis(29),and more than 70% stenosis(14).Evaluate the differences of cardiopulmonary function between groups.Results:Compared with less than 50% stenosis group,50%-70% stenosis group showed statistical significance in VO_2peak、VCO_2、AT、O_2 pulse peak,more than 70% stenosis group not only shown showed statistical significance in VO_2peak、VCO_2、AT、O_2 pulse peak,but also showed statistical significance in HR peak[(120.50±14.00)vs.(139.03±18.97)beats/min,P0.01]、 VE/VCO_2@AT[(31.23±4.89)vs.(28.88±4.04),P0.05] and VD/VT(Est)@Peak[(0.21±0.05)vs.(0.17±0.03),P0.01].Compared with 50%-70% stenosis,more than 70% stenosis group showed statistical significance in VD/VT(Est)@Peak.Conclusions:CEPT have potential value in evaluating stenosis severity of coronary artery.HR peak、 VE/VCO_2@AT and VD/VT(Est)@Peak have some connection with the severity of coronary heart disease.


The work in this thesis contains some contributions to constructive point-free topology and the theory of apartness spaces. The first two papers deal with constructive domain theory using formal to ...


An Afterword to the Evans/Kates/Lawlor Debate and Correspondence July, 1996 Joshua Kates At the end of these encounters it is customary to take stock of the situation, to give an account of where things have ended up. Recently the protocol for this has become more complicated. To be sure, it is still usual to summarize areas of agreement. disagreement, conclusions reached, etc. These valedictory gestures continue-in conformity with a version of philosophy in which its own limits and project are not in question. Another approach recently has also taken hold. At the end of interchanges where genuine communication seems doubtful, it has become common to raise the problem of discussion or dialogue itself. A discussion having failed to take place, one interrogates the conditions ofthe interchange as such. And precisely because philosophy's assumptions (about the possibility of dialogue, debate, consensus) are here in doubt, this style of afterword tends to focus on the problem of reading: have the discussants read one another, have they read the texts upon which each purports to comment, what in general can be expected from such reading. I think above all of Derrida's well-known afterword to his debate with Searle (Afterword: Toward an Ethic of Discussion), but such instances could be multiplied. Neither alternative appears suitable here, however. Certainly, it would be difficult to simply summarize what conclusions have been reached. Though everyone involved has proceeded in good faith, though Professor Evans initiated our correspondence precisely in order to find areas of agreement or minimally reach consensus on our differences, no one reading what is collected here would think this has been achieved. It is as if the parties from the first have moved in courses skewed to one another. More narrowly, I fear I have always found Professor Evans' reading of Derrida unconvincing, and even his interpretation of Husserl sometimes hasty. In general, Professor Evans prefers doctrines to questions. He multiplies citations in the hope of constructing the edifice of an author's thought. He sometimes fails, however, to suffciently scrutinize any single brick. In my most recent paper appearing here, "The Problem of Bedeuten in Derrida and Husserl," I tried as best as I could to untangle and clarify one small yet decisive piece of this edifice. Though Professor Evans recognized the point at issue (and this I appreciate), he has simply multiplied his citations further. On my view, he continues not to recognize all the interpretive problems these pose-particularly those that concern Derrida. I will come to Professor Lawlor in a moment. Though a superficial interpretation would put us in agreement, here too I think there are differences that do not allow for consensus. In turn, the latter alternative is also not available. To question the possibility of our discussion, to focus on the protocols at issue-well, this is precisely where I began. From the initial review of Professor Evans' book, these questions, and perhaps these alone, have been the ones that interested me. All along I have wished to make reading a theme or what I would also call the pragmatic dimension of philosophical discourse. And this starting point, anticipating the limits of dialogue, may in part have accounted for these limits as well. If our discussion has been skewed, no common ground available, in part this may be because from the first these protocols have been in question. Such questions, then, are what make final agreement even between Professor Lawlor and myself impossible. In his essay published here, "Distorting Phenomenology," Professor Lawlor claims that though Derrida's reading may be a distortion, this is legitimated by the philosophical problems that Derrida manages to raise. Surely, there is some irony in Lawlor's statement. Yet his essay has gone to great trouble to anchor Derrida's early work in the existing discourse of French philosophy at that time. …


The business of Logistics web is accomplished under SCM(supply chain management) because of internet environment. In recent years, The Application strategic role of the Third Part Logistics(TPL) in corporation is increasingly emphasized. The paper reviews selected literature of theoretical background and cases in third party logistics services and the proposes Forth Party Logistics(4PL) Possibility. The understanding of 4PL and logistics out souring are sectioning increased attention as means of becoming competitive in challenging environment. This is operated unified like an enterprise. 4PL can work effectively in logistics optimum in international trading deals. 4PL has to offer a service, almost perfect, through the partnership and coporation with the client organization that based on the IT, knowhow, and solutions. I analyzed to the 4PL websites′ the Application strategies. For this, the basic-s for the upbringing of 4PL has to be formed fast.


Rare earth oxides and rare earth borates were prepared, fabricated into test pieces, and examined in environments likely to be encountered in nuclear applications. Information is presented on crystal structure, phase stability, fabrication, aqueous corrosion, and compatibility with metals, of these materials. Information on radiation effects is also given. These studies were not meant to be exhaustive, however the results should prove helpful to anyone considering using either the rare earth oxides or the rare earth borates in reactor environments. (auth)


Abstract During the determination of various critical pitting potentials for AISI Type 316 stainless steel in 1.0N H2SO4 containing 0.5N Cl− ions by potentiostatic method, it was observed that befo...


since the 1980s interest in occupational health and safety (OHS) has surged among trade unionists, academics, regulators and managers. Disappointingly, there has not been a corresponding growth in the number of quality books published on the topic. Given the inherently multi-disciplinary nature of OHS, it is also unfortunate that much of what is published, particularly outside Australia, is confined within arbitrary disciplinary boundaries. In terms of both quality and breadth of disciplinary input, this collection of


Soil respiration can be divided into two components: autotrophic(root)respiration and heterotrophic(microbes and soil fauna)respiration. The separation of soil respiration will contribute to the understanding of soil carbon cycle and carbon balance under the condition of global change. Three primary methods have been reviewed to distinguish auto versus heterotrophic soil respiration including:①components method; ②root exclusion method and ③ isotope method. The isotope method is the best with the least disturbance to soil and roots. Taking into account of all the factors, the root exclusion method will be the most practical in the future.


[⇓][1]

![Figure][2]

When I was trainee psychiatrist in the early 1970s there was much excitement arising from the publications of a number of charismatic figures (Gregory Bateson, R. D. Laing, David Cooper, Maxwell Jones, R. D. Scott) who were proposing a radical shift in orientation,


In recent years, many robotic platforms have been designed for structure and uneven terrains to carry out military, defense and Intelligence operations. But it is difficult to operate them in structured terrain especially when dimension of stairs are changing from place to place as per building and construction norms. If we work on this limitation of robotic platform to climb against variable dimensions of stairs, then it is possible to build a locomotive strategy which can overcome all sizes of stairs. This book deals with the designing and manufacturing of stair climbing robot based on the well-known rocker bogie mechanism.It is important to note that trajectory of center of mass serve as a tool for effectively predicting such undesirable phenomenon which is likely to occur at the moment the trajectory of center of mass drastically or discontinuously changes. Therefore it is highly required to make trajectory of center of mass as smooth as possible which implies trajectory of center of mass must be close to a straight line whose slope is determined by slope of stair or step.


Abstract : The report represents a portion of a study of the flow field in the neighborhood of a two-dimensional step, leading to simple relations for predicting the average and local coefficients of heat transfer to a flat surface supporting the step. (Author)


Within this work, the combination of a microdroplet generator and an ICP-ToF-MS for nanoparticle analysis is presented. For the size determination of platinum nanoparticles an on-line isotope dilution analysis approach...


In an existing cast iron part or component for machines can be achieved by a high load capacity, that by a controlled cooling according to a predetermined temperature-time context of a normalization process at 850-900 ° C, a subsequent rapid cooling to about 400 ° C and a subsequent, slower residual cooling fine-lamellar troostite is formed as a matrix material.


Non communicable diseases are responsible for five out of ten health problems in the world. Within these, cardiovascu-lar diseases constitute a true epidemic worldwide. According to the report of the National Institute of Statistics on annual causes of death in our country, cardiovascular disease continues to be the leading cause of death, accounting 29.2% of all deaths, which places it above cancer (27 ,5%) and respiratory system diseases (11.4%.).Spanish age-adjusted mortality rates for all circulatory system diseases and ischemic heart disease are relatively lower than other Western countries. Mortality according cerebrovascular diseases, Spain occupies an intermediate-low position. The reasons for low coronary mortality in Spain are not well understood, but traditionally it has been considered that their diet and, more recently, other lifestyle habits such as physical activity, can contribute to this.


The paper considers the problem of propeller noise aboard ships. It is proposed to describe a cavitating ship propeller as a source of sound in terms of the source strength of a monopole which is situated near the position of a propeller blade tip. A new method for the measurement of this source strength is presented. The method is based on the application of the reciprocity principle. The source description and the measurement method can also be applied in relation to the problem of propeller induced vibrations. The first experiences with the method are very promising.


In this paper, the asymptotic behavior of nonclassical diffusion equations with time‐dependent perturbed parameter and lacking instantaneous damping is considered on whole space
. The existence and regularity of time‐dependent global attractors are proved by using a new analytical technique. It is remarkable that there is not any restriction on the upper growth of the nonlinearity
. The result obtained essentially extends and improves earlier ones.


The Cuckoo Search optimization algorithm (CS) continues to grab the attention of the scientific community due to its simplicity and robustness. CS applied successfully to solve a wide range of hard optimization problems, and it exhibited outstanding performance. The current study presents an Adapted variant of Discrete CS Algorithm (ADCSA) that uses the rank-value approach to turn real values of random Levy walks (steps/jumps) into the equivalent discrete values. Besides, the proposed ADCSA intensification effort was enhanced by adding four different local search movements of permutation, swap, insertion and bit flip. The solution accuracy of ADCSA was validated across a benchmarking case study of a composite laminated plate. Moreover, a further structural optimization problem of customized I-beam gantry crane was solved using ADCSA. Eventually, the results of both case studies reveal that the proposed ADCSA has a considerable performance in solving discrete structural optimization problems. Keywords— Cuckoo Search; Discrete optimization; Composite laminate; Gantry crane; critical buckling load


This work is about neutron astronomy. The registration of high energy neutrons can be used to investigate gas and dust components of the Kuiper belt. A new method for studying the diffuse matter in space based on observing high energy neutrons is analyzed. The high energy neutrons (with energies of hundreds of Gev) can travel distances comparable to the distance between the Earth and the Kuiper belt. A background of neutrons (at these energies) from beyond the Solar System is limited by decay. It is shown that the expected flux of high energy neutrons can be recorded by facilities using the data on the density of the gas and dust component obtained when analyzing the trajectories of space probes.


This article deals with the theory of cracking, its occurrence and the width of cracks in reinforced concrete members subjected to bending, shear, and service loads. Experimental results are used to derive formulae for the calculation of reinforced concrete members subjected to bending and shear (it is assumed that failure is caused by bending). Failure by shear will be treated in another article. The spacing and width of cracks under service loads can be determined with sufficient accuracy by means of the above formulae. Recommendations are put forward for practising engineers. These recommendations are based on the theoretical and experimental results obtained by the author. /TRRL/


Background:    Mentally-generated soothing imagery is a therapeutic technique to support mental wellbeing, but some individuals may require support using externally presented stimuli. Project Soothe was launched to collect soothing images using a citizen science approach. This online pilot study evaluated the first 575 soothing images collected, examining: 1) if the images were perceived to be soothing; 2) if viewing the images had a positive impact on mood; and 3) if mood effects were influenced by individual differences in age, gender and depressive symptoms. Methods:         We recruited 1152 participants (13 – 79 years, M = 35.62, SD = 14.60; 77% female). Participants were randomly allocated to one of 23 sets, each containing 25 images (n = 50 per set) and asked to rate their emotional response (soothed, excited, and anxious) to each image. Participants also reported their mood states pre- and post-viewing the images (using the International Positive and Negative Affect Schedule – Short Form). Results:           Project Soothe images were rated to be significantly more soothing than anxiety- or excitement-inducing. Further, viewing 25 images was significantly associated with an increase in positive affect and decrease in negative affect. These effects were associated with age and depressive symptoms, with older individuals and those with lower depressive symptoms being associated with more positive changes in mood. Conclusions: This pilot study provides preliminary evidence that these soothing images can promote positive mood changes. Further work can now replicate these findings in larger-scale studies with comparison groups and extended outcome variables. The images and associated data have been made available in a data repository (OSF) as a free resource for researchers and practitioners. It is hoped that these images can be developed into useful therapeutic resources.


To elucidate details of hormonal regulation mechanism in rat ventral prostate, synthesis of RNAs that contain polyadenylate sequences, polyribosomal sedimentation profile, ribosomal capacity of 3H-Met-tRNA binding, ribosomal initiation factor activity and the rate of polypeptide chain elongation were examined in the ventral prostate from control and castrated animals. The following results were obtained; 1) The concentration of RNAs that contain polyadenylate sequences in cytoplasm of castrated rats was markedly decreased, while the content in nuclear fraction was not influenced significantly by castration. 2) Polyribosomes disappeared quite rapidly after castration and were completely restored 48 hr after testosterone administration. 3) Ribosomal binding capacity with 3H-Met-tRNA and ribosomal initiation factor activity were also reduced significantly. Testosterone treatment of castrated animals completely abolished the effect of castration on ribosomal binding capacity with 3H-Met-tRNA and initiation factor activity. 4) A relatively small effect of castration on the relative rate of polypeptide chain elongation in rat ventral prostates was observed. These results may indicate that the regulation of protein synthesis exerted by testosterone in rat ventral prostates is not restricted at the step of the transcription of mRNA.


High performance SRM drive requires precise information concerning instantaneous rotor position. Sensors mounted internally by manufacturers of SRM, are often inaccurate and of low resolution. The substantial improvement of both: resolution and accuracy has been achieved by application of unconventional all digital phase locked loop (ADPLL), which has been implemented in complex programmable logic device (CPLD). The ADPLL is fully synchronized with supervising DSP-based control system for high-performance SRM drive. Such solution is very flexible; the PLL can be easily tuned with DSP or re-programmed in purpose to perform various control strategies. Some proposals for sensorless control with ADPLL are also presented in the paper. Usually, equations describing position estimator or observer are calculated in software. Our approach enables time-critical equations resolved in hardware and there are no limits for high-speed operation.


Whether sequence stratigraphy theory can be used to efficiently interpret the spatial distribution of depositional bodies in a parasequence set is a challenge dealing with the seismic detecting ability and the capability of seismic exploration. In the study, Sequence stratigraphy theory is used to identify the top and bottom of a parasequence set; to interpret macroscopic section character of thin reservoirs developed in the set; to extract seismic attributes based on the reference standard reflection ( top of the parasequence set ) and make 3D seismic interpretation of dynamic thin reservoir deposition evolution; then the challenge of seismic detect-ability is overcome and we recognize the distribution and stack pattern of sand bodies in the set. A drilling result confirms that the interpretation of geologic, logs and seismic information mentioned can be used to gain efficient information of thin reservoir (h <1/4λ) developed in parasequence set.


The study determines the distribution of major anthropogenic radionuclides in the upper sub-basin of the Savannah River in order to quantify the role of the particulate phase in the transport of Co-60 and Cs-137, and to evaluate a simple compartmental model for predicting H-3 and Cs-137 concentrations in Hartwell Lake. The results showed that reactor releases of H-3, Co-58, Co-60, Cs-134 and Cs-137 were confined to the Seneca River arm of Hartwell Lake. Adsorption was found to be a significant process affecting the transport of cesium radioisotopes. The distribution coefficient for Cs-137 derived from field measurements was approximately 90,000 ml/g.


.............................................................................................................................. 2 1 Chapter 1: Introduction .............................................................................................. 5 1.1 Context .................................................................................................................................. 5 1.2 Goals of the research ........................................................................................................... 11 1.3 Research method and design ............................................................................................... 11 1.4 Outline of the thesis ............................................................................................................. 12 2 Chapter 2: The concept of and principles relating to transfer pricing ..................... 14 2.


A low-complexity generator polynomial (GP) search method is proposed for spatial modulation relying on turbo trellis coding (SM-TTC), which achieves a high coding gain over independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) fading channels and is robust against spatial correlation among receiving antenna elements. The proposed GP search method invokes symbol-based extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) charts and does not need to execute iterative decoding. It is demonstrated that our SM-TTC scheme with the best GP obtained by the proposed method outperforms one with conventional codes.


The present study attempts to discourse and analyze the impact of information age ⅰ) on the urban life style and then ⅱ) on the urban spatial stru cture as a consequence. Special emphasis is placed on the impact on the urban land use, development pattern, transportation and enviro nment, and digital space. A survey was conducted. Questionnaires are centered around rather the effect of urban life style change than the implications in an urban spatial context directly. The survey employs four major avenues of life: household life, work life, cultural life and education. The study indicates that urban function and informatization are complementary each other rather than in substituting relationship. The information age may ceate more mixed, large-scale, specialized, sophisticated, unstandardized and versatile, urban space but in the state of new tension and balance between centralization and decentralization.


Taking the continuous forest resource inventory data as the base,combined with the Fujian Province facts,the major effectiveness of forest management practices and existing problems were summarized and this paper put forward suggestions and countermeasures of Fujian Province forest management.


Controllers for flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) have been utilised extensively for the purpose of gaining an understanding of various steady state control issues pertaining to power systems. There are a number of different FACTS controllers that can be used, such as the combined controllers, also known as the Dynaflow Controller. This controller is developed by combing a TCPST and a TSSC and are having coordinated control Power flow is monitored using Dynaflow Controller to avoid overburdening by linking the capabilities of TSSC and TCPST. For the purpose of addressing the OPF problem, PMBC algorithm has been proposed. The idea of using Decision Making to determine the optimal placement of a Dynaflow device has been expanded in order to addresses the problems caused by OPF in a variety of scenarios, including normal conditions, contingency scenarios involving the network, and overloaded scenarios, all while taking into account the aforementioned four goals. The proposed methodology is tested on IEEE 30-bus test system.


We have demonstrated that covalently immobilized enzyme can be used to chemically modify and pattern a chemisorbed peptide film on a solid substrate. The enzyme, alpha- chymotrypsin, was covalently attached to silica and latex spherical beads by glutaraldehyde crosslinking to an amino surface functionality. The fluorescent peptide, suc-ala-ala- phe-AMC (SAAP-AMC) was immobilized to an aminosilane- modified flat silica surface by forming an amide bond to its free carboxylic acid group. SAAP-AMC surfaces were characterized using water wetability, fluorescence spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Upon attack by alpha-chymotrypsin coated beads, the fluorescent AMC group (325 nm ex, 395 nm em) is cleaved from the SAAP- AMC peptide surface and a red-shift occurs in the AMC fluorescence providing a standard marker for enzymatic activity (345 nm ex, 440 nm em). Thus, the signature for alpha-chymotrypsin bead activity against the surface is a reduction in fluorescence intensity from the peptide surface (at 395 nm) and a concomitant increase in fluorescence in the solution above the surface (at 440 nm). Treatment of the SAAP-AMC silica surfaces with alpha-chymotrypsin-beads showed a reduction of the surface fluorescence to background in less than 24 hours, with a corresponding increase of free AMC fluorescence in solution. By restricting the contact region of the beads with the peptide surface we were able to demonstrate chemical patterning of the peptide surfaces.


Combined with practical work and based upon the action mechanism of reinforced concrete the causing reasons of construction joints are analyzed. According to the construction joints in cast in site reinforced concrete floor corresponding treatment measures are proposed. Practices acquired good effect.


"The present bulletin treats of the aphids injurious to fruit and foliage of apple, quince, pear, plum, cherry, peach, currant, gooseberry, and grape. Forty-one species of aphids in all are discussed. The more important forms affecting a given fruit are considered first, and then follows a brief account of species known to infest the plant locally or occasionally, and which growers should be able to distinguish from the more destructive species. In their life history aphids are peculiar in many respects, and each species occurs in several different forms; for this reason a short account of aphids in general is given for the information of readers not familiar with these facts. Remedial measures are described at the close of the bulletin, since similar treatments are applicable, with some variations, for the control of all the species considered." - p. 3


Welcome to this Special Issue on "Medicine Use in Chronic Disease" in Pharmacy, an open-access journal focusing on pharmacy education and practice [...].


Beside the apoion sôma , which as is well known is called by Proklos the first three-dimensional, we find another 'first' three-dimensional: namely the sphere that is shown in the projection of geometric objects in the phantasia . Finally, Proklos also speaks of a third level on which three-dimensional things occur, which is, so to speak, situated between these first two: in nature. It will be shown that each of these three manifestations of the body is subject to its own principle of organization: In the geometric realm of the phantasia it is the circle, in nature the elemental triangle and below that – as far as it is possible – the body itself. Proklos thus treats corporeality from different points of view. We will find that he proceeds in the field of corporeality in the same way as in the intellectual field, distinguishing three "triads", each of which is preceded by one of its elements as an organizational principle. In this way, more precise bodies can be distinguished from less precise ones, depending on which of these three organizational principles they are subject to. The most 'imprecise' corporeality, this can be assumed on the basis of the syste-matic position and its determinations, corresponds to the apoion sôma .


Recognition of human's emotion through facial expressions has many important applications ranging from behaviour recognition, human-computer interaction, security, psychology, and so on. Recognition of facial expressions from non-frontal faces, and recognition from different views are two important research challenges. As different views of a facial expression are just different manifestations of the expression, the information embedded in different views can be effectively utilized for facial expression recognition (FER). Motivated from the above mentioned facts, we proposed to extract facial informative regions and discriminative shared space for facial expression recognition. Extraction of discriminative features for different facial expressions is a key step in facial expression recognition. However, most discriminative facial features can be extracted from the informative regions of a face. In this view, the importance of different facial sub-regions are investigated, and subsequently the facial sub-regions which have significant contributions in different facial expressions are only considered for feature extraction. Furthermore, a weightedprojection based local binary pattern (WPLBP) feature is proposed. For this, texture features are extracted from informative regions and they are weighted on the basis of their importance. Finally, an efficient face model is derived from the informative regions of a face. The proposed face model has several advantages, and it gives better performance than other existing face models. Next, we proposed an Uncorrelated Multi-view Discriminant Locality Preserving Projection (UMvDLPP) analysis to recognize expressions from multi-view face images. The proposed UMvDLPP first transforms expressions of different views to a common uncorrelated discriminative subspace, and then classification is performed. One of the major advantages of our proposed scheme is that classifiers need not be learned separately for all the views. Moreover, it can effectively handle multi-modal characteristics of multi-view data than the existing learning-based methods. Discriminative shared Gaussian process latent variable model (DS-GPLVM) [1] can give better performance in the multi-view FER than the existing multi-view linear and non-linear learning-based methods. Laplacian-based prior used in DS-GPLVM only captures topological structure of data space without the inter-class separability of the data, and hence, the obtained latent space is not optimal. So, an efficient prior is proposed, which not only depends on the topological structure of the intra-class data, but also on the local-between-class-scatter-matrix of the data onto the latent manifold. The proposed approach employs a hierarchical framework, which is termed as multi-level uncorrelated DS-GPLVM (ML-UDSGPLVM). In this framework, expressions are first divided into three sub-categories. Subsequently, each of the sub-categories are further classified to identify the constituent basic expressions. Hence, first level of MLUDSGPLVM i.e., 1-UDSGPLVM is learned for classification of different categories, and then a separate 2-UDSGPLVM is learned for recognizing constituent expressions of each of the categories. Extensive experiments on a standard dataset show that our proposed method performs better than the existing multi-view FER methods. This improvement is due to the fact that the proposed method enhances the discrimination between the classes more effectively, and classifies expressions category-wise followed by classification of the basic expressions embedded in each of the sub-categories (hierarchical approach).


This paper investigates the share issuing preference conjecture and determinants of capital structure in listed Chinese firms.It provides a method to formally test the share issuing preference and obtained strong evidence that supports the hypothesis.The results indicate that although in general state ownership,legal person ownership and foreign ownership do not have a significant effect on capital structure,a high level of state ownership is associated with a high level of long term debt.These results are inconsistent with the argument in the literature that the high level of state ownership is a cause of the share issuing preference.Additionally,the variables(firm size,asset tangibility,growth and profitability)that are found to be important in developed countries also play a similar role in capital structure decisions in listed Chinese firms.However,they are associated with leverage in ways different from those in other developing counties.


Abstract:Mark D. McCarthy argues that the genre of graphic memoir troublingly lends itself to an affirmation of the West while audiences make this affirmation invisible by naming the authors Other. He asserts that when authors are "inside" another culture and their text aligns with Western values, the West and its worldview are affirmed from outside.


AbstractThe performance of a single-headed stud and group of studs embedded in steel-fiber-reinforced cementitious composites (SFRCC) were investigated by conducting push-out tests. A total of 16 specimens were tested with various parameters including diameter of studs, numbers of studs, gauge lengths, pitch lengths, and fiber volume fractions of SFRCC. The test results showed that the headed studs embedded in SFRCC ensured the failure mode of stud fracture even without using steel rebar in the slab. The studs densely arranged with the smallest pitch length permitted for installation provided more than 90% of the full shear strength of a single stud. Using nine studs densely arranged in an area allowing for only four studs in the current design code, the overall shear resistance was twice that of the conventional design. When the fiber volume fraction of SFRCC directly affects the ductility of the stud, it was found using a fiber volume fraction of 6% is most suitable.


The expression 'fascism' is frequently invoked in reference to far-right parties and movements in Europe, certain regimes in post-socialist Eastern Europe and, in general, to describe undemocratic practices based on racist or different forms of discrimination that do not honour the conventions of liberal democracy. However, whereas historical fascisms were certainly undemocratic, they were not anti-liberal, and if we note that liberalism is not necessarily bound to democracy, the present polemical use of the word 'fascism' appears inadequate. In this article, we shall avoid analogy and anachronism by looking for systemic features, which generate the familiar elements that have in the past combined into historical fascisms – including the transformation of the state form and the ideological hegemony over the masses disappointed in the socialist project –, but which have formed new patterns in Eastern Europe after post-socialist transitions in terms of class domination and political regime.


Drawing on concepts from narratology and stylistics, this article examines narrativity and creativity in an interactive oral storytelling context where the teller engages the audience directly in the storytelling process by calling for their outward responses and then incorporating these responses into her representations of events and characters. I analyse one storytelling performance of a contemporary professional storyteller as an example of interactive storytelling and discuss how she established narrativity and displayed creativity in the process of co-constructing an oral story with an adult audience. Challenges an oral storyteller may face in this process are also discussed.


During ESC eCongress 2020 the new guidelines on the management of patients with atrial fibrillation were presented. It was assessed that lifetime risk for AF for individuals of 55 year of age is around one third. The purpose of current guideline is to facilitate uniform structured approach to AF care on each level of care. Management approach was summarized in five domains: CC -> ABC. In terms of diagnostics – CC: Confirm AF; Characterise Clinically. Authors introduced two categories of AF: clinical AF (episodes duration of > 30 s
in single channel ecg or AF detected in 12-lead ecg) and subclinical AF (based on the evaluation of AHRE episodes stored in cardiac implantable electronic devices memory diagnosed with implantable loop recorders). Sensitivity of commonly available ambulatory screening tests to suspect AF (pulse taking, automated BP monitors, single lead ecg, smartphone apps, watches) range from 87 to 100% and specificity from 70 to 100%. Risk of stroke increases in patients with AHRE with higher daily burden and higher thromboembolic risk. Management of patients with AF is based on the ABC scheme: Anticoagulation / avoid stroke, Better symptom control, Comorbidities / Cardiovascular risk factor management.


The new "Web 3.0" technology has not well matured enough yet, but there are many efforts to implement it for the needs of Corporate Information Systems (CIS). The CIS generally serve to support corporate business and encompass modules dedicated to maintaining the core corporate activities, such as banking transactions (for banking CIS), the management of the production lines (for industrial CIS), supply-chain management (for Logistic CIS), etc. The CIS have evolved over the years and their components are based on non-Web technologies and Web 1.0 or Web 2.0 technologies. With the new era of Web 3.0 technology, the CIS have to be transformed (re-engineered) so as to work with Web 3.0 principles. This transformation can be made along a few lines: converting Web 3.0 to Web 1.0 or Web 2.0 technologies (with missing functionalities); separating the Web 3.0 elements from the other CIS and providing special integration features; converting the non-Web technologies, Web 1.0 or Web 2.0 technologies into Web3.0 principles of operation and achieving an integrated CIS working with Web 3.0 principles. The purpose of the current paper is to present a new approach for the re-engineering of the existing (legacy) CIS, integrating Web 3.0 elements and working with the Web 3.0 principles.


• average inhabitants of the Western world each spend $70 a year on music; • their brains register music for an average of 31⁄2 hours a day – almost 25% of their waking life; • today's eight-year-old has heard more music than our great-grandparents heard during their entire lifetime;2 • music business turnover in industrialised nations is much larger than those nations' budgets for aid to developing countries;3 • 90% of radio time listened to consists of music while 70% of TV programming features music either visually or as underscore;4 • music, previously confined to certain social spaces, can now be heard anywhere at any time.


Many recent superresolution methods are based on supervised learning. That means, that they require a large database of pairs of high- and low-resolution images as training data. However, for many applications, acquiring registered pairs of high and low resolution data or even imaging a large area with a high resolution is unrealistic. To overcome this problem, we introduce a Wasserstein patch prior for unsupervised superresolution of two- and three-dimensional images. In addition to the low-resolution observation, our method only requires one, possibly small, reference image which has a similar patch distribution as the high resolution ground truth. This assumption can e.g. be fulfilled when working with texture images or images of homogeneous material microstructures. The proposed regularizer penalizes the Wasserstein-2-distance of the patch distributions within the reconstruction and the reference image at different scales. We demonstrate the performance of the proposed method by applying it to two- and three-dimensional images of materials' microstructures.


Influence of new information technologies is examined on the educational environment of higher educational establishments. The main tendency of further informatization of educational activity is determine intellectualization. Intellectualization is a process of satiation of informative environment of education due to activation of intellectual assets. Concrete measures are offered on passing to the use of intellectual technologies and technologies of management knowledges. To the primary concerns it is possible to take structuring informative cognitive resource of higher educational establishments.


High-entropy alloys (HEAs) are solid solutions with fi ve or more elements in near equiatomic fractions and exhibit excellent mechanical properties. However, the mechanism has not been fully understood yet. Because general grain boundaries (GBs) contain various sizes of atomic free volumes, a deviation of atomic composition at GBs may appear in HEAs by replacing atoms with ones having di ff erent atomic sizes to reduce atomic free volumes at GBs. Various equiatomic HEAs with fi ve elements are modeled by a modi fi ed Morse (two-body interatomic) potential. Thermal equilibrium GBs at fi nite temperatures are obtained by hybrid Monte Carlo-molecular dynamics simulations. As results, GBs in HEAs mainly consist of two elements with the minimum and maximum atomic size and the critical stress to emit dislocations from the GBs increases as the deviation of atomic composition becomes large. [doi:10.2320 / matertrans.Z-M2020819]


The recent renaissance of rail has shown the vulnerability of operations to significant, uncompensated, shifts in demand. Operators on many Australian suburban networks have struggled to accommodate the rapid return to growth in patronage, with the network operations showing negative impacts such as crowding, reduced operational efficiencies and declining network performance. This paper discusses a range of shorter-term initiatives aimed at mitigating these negative impacts, which although less ideal than longer term solutions, remain viable short-term alternatives due to the long lead times, significant capital requirements, and in the case of incremental upgrades, disruption to the existing operation required to make more major upgrades. The importance of identifying appropriate operational measures to both deliver the required rejuvenation and realise a longer-term strategic vision is discussed, drawing from a range of examples covering topics including dwell management, service utilisation, schedule and service pattern optimisation and customer perceived service quality. Real world case studies of both successful and unsuccessful implementations are used to demonstrate that use of appropriate data collection, analysis and modelling techniques to evaluate the appropriateness and strategic fit of a measure is crucial to ensuring the ongoing success of the railway.


The aim of combination drug treatment in cancer therapy is to improve response rate and decrease the probability of the development of drug resistance. The discovery of new effective drug combinations is constrained by the cost and effort of carrying out large unbiased screens. Moreover, results of large synergy screen frequently suffer from poor reproducibility, because deviations in single-agent effects multiply as they are combined. We have previously shown (1) that curve shift analysis by the approach developed by Straetemans et al. (2) is a more robust method of determining synergy than combination matrix screening using Bliss-scoring. In addition we have shown that our workflow for single agent cellular IC50 determination is highly reproducible compared to other workflows (3). To bring these advantages to bear, and to increase the throughput of identifying new synergistic drug combinations, we developed a two-step approach consisting of screening and confirmation. First the influence is tested of a fixed concentration of a compound of interest, on the dose-response curves of a library of more than 150 anticancer agents. This library includes many standard-of-care chemotherapeutic agents, approved and preclinical kinase inhibitors, epigenetic modulators, and compounds acting by other mechanisms (3). Drug combinations resulting in curve-shifts in this initial SynergyScreen™ are then reexamined and confirmed by curve shift analysis using mixtures in various fixed ratios, followed by Chou-Talalay analysis and calculation of Combination Index (CI). By distinguishing separate synergy screening and synergy confirmation stages, our SynergyScreen™ setup capitalizes on insights from high-throughput screening for single agents to discover robust and reproducible synergistic combinations. Results will be presented of a SynergyScreen™ with the poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitor niraparib, the BET bromodomain inhibitor JQ1, and inhibitors of the spindle assembly checkpoint kinases TTK and Bub1. Screens were performed in one to three different cancer cell lines in which the investigated compounds showed full efficacy in a three-day or five-day cell proliferation assay. New, mechanistically distinct synergies for niraparib were identified that were validated in primary tumor cell samples from ovarian cancer patients and previously reported synergies with DNA-damaging agents and topoisomerase inhibitors were confirmed. TTK inhibitors were found to synergize with Bcl2 inhibitors in cancer cell lines and also in blood cell samples from T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients. Bub1 inhibitors show relatively low antiproliferative activity when tested as single compounds but strongly synergize with taxanes. In conclusion, an efficient screening work flow was developed that can reproducibly identify new synergistic drug combinations. References: 1. Uitdehaag et al. Selective targeting of CTNNB1-, KRAS- or MYC-driven tumor cell growth by combinations of existing drugs. PLoS ONE 2015; 2. Straetemans et al. Design and analysis of drug combination experiments. Biometrical J 2005; 3. Uitdehaag et al. Cell panel profiling reveals conserved therapeutic clusters and differentiates the mechanism of action of different PI3K/mTOR, Aurora kinase and EZH2 inhibitors. Mol Cancer Ther 2016. Citation Format: Suzanne van Gerwen, Martine Prinsen, Jelle Dylus, Rogier Buijsman, Joost Uitdehaag, Guido Zaman. Novel synergistic drug combinations of PARP, bromodomain, and spindle assembly checkpoint kinase inhibitors by large-scale screen of 150 anticancer agents [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2017 Oct 26-30; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2018;17(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A153.


The Hamiltonian equations for the trajectories of fluid particles in axisymmetric vortex flows are obtained. On the basis of these equations, the system of thin vortex rings is considered. The problem of the interaction of two vortex rings has a general analytic solution. The problems of stochastization of the system of three and more vortex rings as well as stochastization of trajectories of fluid particles in the system of two and more vortex rings (with appropriate initial conditions) are discussed.


Different extrapolation strategies are presented for the construction of starting values in implicit Newmark time-stepping schemes used for the solution of the electromagnetic wave equation. The implicit character of this schemes implies the solution of a system of linear equations in each time step. The choice of a good start value derived from the extrapolation of the equation system is shown to improve the convergence of the iterative conjugate gradient solver which reduces the total simulation time


An architectural design helps on the development of a modular program structure and on the representation of the control relationships between modules [Pressman 2001]. It provides a software engineer with a picture of the program structure and behavior. SSOA is a multi-environment-centric simulationbased architecture that encourages the software engineer to concentrate on architectural design before worrying about optimizations or code. The main goal of SSOA is to provide an architecture that helps on the design, simulation, and validation of self-organizing systems. At this point on this thesis, the reader should be aware of the basic requirements that a self-organizing architecture should fulfil. But in order to better understand the requirements and their motivation, we first describe the engineering method to be applied when using the architecture. The engineering method follows a simulation-based methodological approach adapted to include the architecture instantiation activity. Therefore, this is a very reuse-based engineering method. After presenting the engineering method and the architecture requirements, we describe the architecture, its meta-model, and dynamics, including how it addresses the requirements presented. A framework that implements SSOA was developed during the case studies development presented in the next chapter. Therefore, we briefly present this framework that implements SSOA. At the end we finally present some blueprints on how to go from the designed models using coordinated statecharts (presented in chapter 3) to the architecture instantiation giving the reader an integrated design overview.


A new open-framework manganese borophosphate, KMnBP2O7(OH)2, has been prepared under ionothermal conditions in the ionic liquid 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bromide. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis showed that KMnBP2O7(OH)2 [monoclinic, P21/c, a = 6.659(1), b = 12.049(2), c = 9.790(2) A, β = 109.12(3)°, V = 742.2(3) A3, and Z = 4] has an unprecedented open-framework structure. {MnO5(OH)} octahedra and {BO3(OH)} and {PO3(OH)}/{PO4} tetrahedra link to form a 3D framework with distorted eight-membered-ring channels along the crystallographic [001] direction. The negative charges of the inorganic framework are balanced by K+ ions located in the channels. At room temperature, KMnBP2O7(OH)2 shows a bright orange-red luminescence that redshifts with decreasing temperature. The luminescence lifetimes were determined to be 0.17 ms at room temperature and 3.49 ms at 77 K. Below 3 K, d5 Mn2+ of two neighboring, edge-sharing {MnO5OH}2 units couple antiferromagnetically, and the magnetic state can be best described as a singlet spin system. These singlets continuously turn into triplets when increasing the magnetic field up to 7 T at 2 K due to relatively weak spin–spin coupling through two identical 98.92(6)° Mn–O–Mn superexchange paths, turning the system into a metastable ferromagnetic state.


Abstract : A radio astronomical, swept frequency interferometer was operated to: (1) investigate the ionospheric refraction of radiation in the frequency range 35-65 mc, and its dependence on geometrical and time parameters, and (2) investigate angular scintillations in the same frequency range, and other short-time variations in the refraction angle. A theory of the 3-dimensional (intensity modulated) record of a swept frequency interferometer is discussed. The simple theory assumes a frequency independent interferometer. The more exact theory includes the influence of a frequency dependent hybrid and gives rather complicated equations, which can be solved only in the numerical way. The influence of ground reflections on the observed interference pattern is also discussed. A method of the determination of the ionospheric refraction from swept frequency record is described. (Author)


The combination of new-generation low-frequency aperture arrays and advances in signal processing techniques is reinvigorating the field of low frequency pulsar astronomy — an area that has played an important role in early pulsar discoveries and science, however was reduced in prominence in the later decades. One of the reasons for this is the substantial temporal smearing of pulsar signals at the low frequencies due to interstellar medium (ISM) propagation effects. However, from another perspective, the sensitivity of ISM propagation effects to the observing frequency makes low-frequency pulsar observations powerful tools to study ISM properties, such as the electron density distribution and the Galactic magnetic fields. In this thesis, I studied the small-scale structure of the local ISM using new, low-frequency, polarimetric observations of pulsars obtained using the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA), which is Australia's low-frequency (80–300 MHz) precursor to the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) project. The MWA is a relatively new instrument, and its high-time and high-frequency resolution mode (voltage capture system) for pulsar observations was commenced in 2014. As a result, gearing up for the research work for this thesis involved further development and testing of the MWA's pulsar capabilities, especially the verification of its polarimetric calibration and performance. I undertook an initial census of known pulsars in the 170− 200 MHz band of the MWA, where the large field-of-view of the array was exploited at the expense of the achievable sensitivity. This involved the processing of over a Petabyte of data that covered ∼17,000 deg of the sky. This census resulted in a collection of 50 pulsars, including six millisecond pulsars. Combining these detections with published observational data from other telescopes, multi-frequency pulse profiles were constructed for a number of pulsars. These results were then used to improve


A standard commercial EBSD system, comprising a CCD camera (Nordif) and acquisition software (HKL Technology) has been interfaced to a Philips XL30 FEGSEM, and the spatial and angular resolutions for EBSD compared with a conventional W-filament JEOL 6300 SEM equipped with a similar EBSD system. In characterising a grain or subgrain structure, overlapping diffraction patterns are obtained at the boundaries, and the effective spatial resolution can be defined as the distance over which the patterns cannot be solved. The spatial resolution is best in the direction parallel to the specimen tilt axis (LA), typically some three times better than for the direction perpendicular to the axis. The resolution is conveniently determined by measuring the fraction of patterns which are solved (Ns) during a raster scan of the sample. For a microstructure of equiaxed grains of size D, LA is given approximately by D(1-Ns)/4. Figure 1 is a plot of Ns against D−1 for aluminium samples under optimum operating conditions, and it is seen that the spatial resolution in the FEGSEM is some three times better than in the W-filament SEM. The effect of beam current on LA is shown in figure 2. For the W-filament SEM, LA is a strong function of the probe current.


This study proposes a novel adaptive control approach using a feedforward Takagi-Sugeno (TS) fuzzy approximator for a class of highly unknown multi-input multi-output (MIMO) nonlinear plants. First of all, the design concept, namely, feedforward fuzzy approximator (FFA) based control, is introduced to compensate the unknown feedforward terms required during steady state via a forward TS fuzzy system which takes the desired commands as the input variables. Different from the traditional fuzzy approximation approaches, this scheme allows easier implementation and drops the boundedness assumption on fuzzy universal approximation errors. Furthermore, the controller is synthesized to assure either the disturbance attenuation or the attenuation of both disturbances and estimated fuzzy parameter errors or globally asymptotic stable tracking. In addition, all the stability is guaranteed from a feasible gain solution of the derived linear matrix inequality (LMI). Meanwhile, the highly uncertain holonomic constrained systems are taken as applications with either guaranteed robust tracking performances or asymptotic stability in a global sense. It is demonstrated that the proposed adaptive control is easily and straightforwardly extended to the robust TS FFA-based motion/force tracking controller. Finally, two planar robots transporting a common object is taken as an application example to show the expected performance. The comparison between the proposed and traditional adaptive fuzzy control schemes is also performed in numerical simulations.


When one is speaking, lips change regularly. Therefore, Lip contour extraction is very meaningful. In this paper, for lip color images, this paper extracts lip contour by means of the RGB-based improved region growing algorithm. Through RGB three components, the relationship between color from and adjacent pixels is calculated. According to certain rules, seed pixels are automatically selected, and regional growth and de-noising and smoothing with median filtering are implemented. And finally, watershed algorithm is applied to get lip contour. Experimental results show that this method is simple to achieve the desired effect and good performance.


The coming of times of knowledge economy make education teaching mode and method take place tremendous changes and there are many new features.The teacher,as the executor of the teaching reform,should be searching for and practicing in terms of the content of teaching,fostering the ability to creative thinking,reforming evaluation method,leveled teaching and fostering cooperation consciousness so that train the talents of innovative quality structure better.


Matushita and colleagues performed a comprehensive review and meta-analysis about the role of 68Ga PSMA PET in the diagnostic and in re staging of prostate cancer based on the final selection of 35 studies with more than 3900 patients in this issue publication: Ga-Prostate-specific membrane antigen (psma) positron emission tomography (pet) in prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis (1). The evaluated series were heterogeneous, since the review encompassed, as patients submitted to prostate biopsy (diagnostic), as patients underwent radical prostatectomy, radiotherapy or lymphadenectomy, and some series including MRI in combination with 68GA PSMA PET, also. The use of ASTRO 1996 definition in this review, seems at first sight an interesting choice, since the lower PSA cut-off for relapse (three consecutives PSA elevations >0.2 ng/mL), when compared with Phoenix Definition (nadir plus 2.0 ng/mL), could result, in early anatomic diagnostics of the recurrence sites by this nuclear scan, which could result in early precise salvage treatments. However, an ASTRO consensus, in 2006, has recommend by the limitation use of ASTRO definition only for patients undergone exclusive external beam radiotherapy, since this failure definition perform poorly in patients which received hormonal therapy (2). The review manuscript corroborated the high sensitivity and positivity from 68Ga PSMA at diagnostic. It is really interesting mainly in when focal therapy is planned, being as tool option for exclusion of some non-diagnosticated contralateral lesion after an anatomopathological test revealing only unilateral cancer. On the other hand, for bilateral tumors, evolving the whole gland, in the era of fusion biopsy, probably 68Ga PSMA PET might be less ordered, because in this moment, anatomopathological tests must not be excluded or replaced by functional image methods. In this scenario, perhaps patients with high suspicion for prostate malignancies with previous negative biopsies, can be benefited by the use of 68Ga PSMA (combined or not with MRI). A great daily clinical practice challenge, is the re-staging of recurrent prostate cancer, with was well discussed in the paper. We must reinforce that authors shown that in the biochemical recurrence studies, a quarter of cases, the 68Ga PET CT are negatives. Although it could sound unfavorable, in a EDITORIAL COMMENT Vol. 47 (4): 730-732, July August, 2021


Increasing numbers of children spend periods of their childhoods as members of stepfamilies a stepfamily being defined as one in which there is at least one dependent child from a previous relationship or marriage of one or both partners. Recent analyses from the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys (OPCS) indicate that one in eight dependent children will live at some stage in a family in which their birth parent has either remarried or formed a new partnership before they are 16, if current trends continue.' These changes in children's lives start early: most of the children (72%) identified in the OPCS analyses as living in stepfamilies started to do so before they were 10 years old. And the changes in family situations frequently continue as children grow up: parental separation and divorce rates are at least as high in second as in first marriages,2 and life in a single parent family is often only temporary.3 Divorce and remarriage are not static life events but part of a complex chain of transitions that involve children in a host of other potentially stressful changes in the larger social milieu in which they grow up changes in schools, neighbourhoods, in their relations with extended families and peers, as well as in their economic circumstances. There is often too the presence of stepsiblings and the birth of half siblings: OPCS studies show that 53% of stepfamilies include a child born since the couple started living together. What are the implications of these experiences for child-


Abstract A mechanism of non-uniform concentration region formation in the path of collision cascades in alloys is proposed. Analysis of kinetics of recovery of the post-cascade defect distribution in the alloys shows that annealing of such a damage region can lead to redistribution of the alloy component composition: a region rich in one species of alloy components is formed in the place of a depleted zone. The atoms of one of the components preferentially return due to the significant flux of these atoms to the depleted zone. The flux is caused by difference in component atomic volumes and local stress fields produced by vacancies and interstitials in the post-cascade damage zone. The greater the difference in the atomic volumes the more effective is the formation of non-uniform concentration regions. These regions can be considered as nuclei of a new phase. The mechanism is qualitatively proved by experimentally observed regularities of phase transitions in irradiated alloys.


Silicon nanoparticles (Si NPs), silicon nanosheets (Si NSs), and silicon nanoribbons (Si NRs) were fabricated by means of DC arc-discharge under diverse atmospheres (hydrogen, mixtures of hydrogen and inert gas). It is shown that these as-prepared Si NPs are approximately 5–50 nm in diameter, Si NSs are about 10–30 nm in width and about 2.8 nm in thickness, and Si NRs consist of fine sheets with a length as long as 200 nm, width of 13 nm, and thickness of 3.1 nm. BET measurements reveal that the specific surfaces are 110.9, 108.8, and 164.2 m2 g−1 for Si NPs, Si NSs, Si NRs, respectively. Formation mechanisms for polymorphic Si nanostructures are elucidated, revealing that the anisotropic or isotropic growth of Si nanostructures is greatly induced by high energetic inert gas and hydrogen atoms, and finally results in the formation of polymorphic Si nanostructures. A visible down-shift of Raman frequency for these Si nanostructures is mainly attributed to the size effect. The band gaps are experimentally measured as 2.89 eV (Si NPs), 2.92 eV (Si NSs), and 3.02 eV (Si NRs) for direct transition, and 1.99 eV (Si NPs), 1.26 eV (Si NSs), and 1.36 eV (Si NRs) for indirect transition. These are noticeably enlarged with respect to bulk Si (1.1 eV).


This study identifies 'if and 'how' design education is incorporated in lower secondary school Industrial Arts units, and determines if teacher training and teachers' perceptions of certain issues, are influential in the use of design education. A stratified random sample (50 teachers in 25 schools) was taken from all government secondary schools in W.A. The participants were surveyed with a postal questionnaire, and a follow-up interview was conducted with a selection of the respondents. There was a return rate of 84%. Data analysis determined the frequency distribution for structured questions and organized the data for non structured items into groups with a common theme. The resultant data illustrated that design was rarely taught a8 a structured process, but was incorporated in much lower school work as simple design choices and considerations. Current teacher training was not considered a significant factor in design use, however, respondents did give reasons they believed were in!luential.


Improving the crawl stroke crawl stroke turns improving the back crawl kick back crawl armstroke co-ordinating the back crawl stroke backstroke turns dolphin kick butterfly stroke arm pull co-ordinating the butterfly stroke butterfly stroke turn improving the breaststroke breaststroke turns improving the sidestroke trudgen strokes surface dives underwater swimming universal sculling challenges in watermanship.


The present invention relates to a three-element shift position with the shift. A method for actuating a shift element having three shift positions (A, B, C) for (10,14,18,20) for use as a simple manipulation of the cylinder actuating element (8) for shifting element (10,14,18,20) to the three shift positions (a, B, C) and a pressure controller, wherein a cylinder configured with a working line of the cylinder and the shift elements ( 10,14,18,20) consisting of at least one spring element (22,38,42) to the end pressing position (a) and pushed against the spring force to the other shift position (B, C by a spring force) . An intermediate position (B) in such a way recognize, i.e., a sudden force is generated against the spring force of the pushing member in the case of shifting of the shifting member reaches the correct position of the rising and thereby can be adjusted via the pressure controller particular pressure for the intermediate position (B) is.


Elemental aluminum powders and elemental titanium powders were ball-milled to fabricate Ti/Al composite powders with different titanium to aluminum ratio using several kinds of organic solvents as a process controlling agent. The organic solvent was decomposed during milling and the carbon was incorporated in the composite powder. The carbon content of the composite powder depended on the kind of the organic solvent. The composite powders were low pressure plasma sprayed onto a steel substrate to produce coatings. The coatings deposited on a water cooled substrate were predominantly composed of a metastable Ti3Al phase that was supersaturated with carbon. Heat treatment of the coatings led to the decomposition of the Ti3Al phase to a TiAl phase and fine Ti2AlC. When the thermal spraying was carried out on a preheated substrate, the main constituent of the coatings was a stable TiAl phase and Ti2AlC was detected by X-ray diffraction. The as-sprayed coating possessed a high hardness. Fine Ti2AlC particles appeared after heat treatment of these coatings. The volume percentage of the Ti2AlC ranged from 4.9% to 15.3% depending on the coating composition.


This study views Blake's Four Zoas from a variety of critical perspectives. The pluralistic approach, however, serves a fundamentally historical stance that situates The Four Zoas in the tradition of English poetic prophecy.


It is important for athletes to make sound food choices as optimal dietary intake is known to enhance sport performance. However, little is known about the factors important to athletes when making decisions about what to eat. Food choice and eating behaviours are a complex area to understand and research demonstrates there are many reasons behind individual food choice decisions. Using a quantitative research design this study explored nutrition knowledge, eating behaviours and factors important in the food choices of a sample of recreational triathletes (n = 164, males = 94, females = 70) compared to an age-matched group not currently participating in triathlon (n = 134, males = 58, females = 76) that included both active and non-active individuals. Three validated questionnaires were administered via the internet, including the General Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire (GNKQ), an adapted version of the Food Choice Questionnaire (FCQ) and the rigid (RC) and flexible (FC) control subscales of the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ). The GNKQ assessed four areas including knowledge of dietary guidelines, food sources of key nutrients, skill in choosing healthy foods and the relationship between diet and disease. The FCQ measured the importance of 13 factors in food choice decisions and the RC and FC subscales measured two types of dietary restraint.; Submitted in the fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Masters of Sports Nutrition by Research, University of the Sunshine Coast, 2014.


Abstract : This report presents the results of a study to evaluate the influence of the package on the reliability of microwave power transistors. Emphasis in this study is placed on the effect of the package on the device reliability and not on the reliability of the package itself. This effort has consisted of a number of discrete study areas, which are related to each other only in that they all involve a different aspect of the reliability of the packaged device. They include a complex load plane study for the various available devices in which performance and junction temperature are defined over the complex load plane; a study of the sensitivity of the device to wire movement, a characterization of the integrity of the available carriers; and an epoxy seal evaluation. Several other related studies were carried out and are reported here. (Author)


Oil content and fatty acid composition of 50 spreading peanut types and correlations thereof are reported. There was little variation in oil content (49.7 ± 2.01); among fatty acids, oleic (49.9 ± 12.5) and linoleic (34.4 ± 12.4) showed wider variation. Oleic and linoleic were found to have a very strong negative correlation (−0.942).


The current face detecting method has problem that it can not detect both quickly and accurately.This paper proposes an improved method using Gaussian Model and Support Vector Machine(SVM).On the one hand,we use Gaussian Model to segment the possible facial areas for the skin color being clustered well in the YCbCr space.On the other hand,we use SVM to classify and label the result.Tests show that the method proposed in this paper performs good results.


France is preparing the next transport national survey forecast for 2007. In this perspective, INRETS and LET, in collaboration with FUNDP (Namur, Belgium) are in charge of an analysis both on methodological aspects and survey content. This analysis deals among others on the contribution of new technologies to improve data quality while maintaining data comparability with previous survey (1994 et 1980 for the two last ones). In this perspective we have conducted a survey of the National transport survey responsible of ten countries. This survey analyses mainly the following dimensions: Survey objectives and partners involved; Target population both in terms of individuals and trips; Sampling technique; Protocol and survey methodology (survey mode, use of CATI, CAPI... systems...); Coding and especially geocoding of data (use of new technologies?); Non-response analysis and weighting procedure. From the first results, we can observe great methodological differences between countries. First the definition of trips under collection is different even between European countries. Some countries collect only daily mobility while in other long distance trips are also collected with various definition of long distance (more than 100km, more than 50 miles, a night outside home...). In half countries data collection is realised continuously while in other only at periodic interval (7 years in average, 13 years for the next one in France). CATI or CAPI systems are now the rule for the last surveys conducted. Geocoding is performed in some countries while other realise coding only at communal level. GPS use is still not generalise in any country for trip collection even if there is some projects in some countries. Most of the countries develop weighting procedure to correct for non-response but only few develop strategies to survey non respondent. The communication will present the results of the comparison and the lessons we can get from this analysis for the next French national transport survey. For the covering abstract please see ITRD E135207.


This study investigated the effects of the post-O2-annealing process on light emission from silicon nanocrystals. Using pulsed laser ablation in an O2-filled atmosphere, the SiOx (x<2) thin layers were synthesized prior to O2-annealing. We observed a strong photoluminescence from the silicon nanocrystals embedded in the annealed layers at 500 °C, which depended on the post-O2-annealing time. We also found that the interface property between the silicon nanocrystal and stoichiometric SiO2 matrix is critical for efficient light emission. The electroluminescence spectra in the visible range were obtained above the on-current density of 0.7 A/cm2 under several forward-bias voltages. The blueshift in the electroluminescence was attributed to the band-filling effect under high current injection mode. The external emission efficiency was estimated to be about 0.3% by using the band-filling model.


Lines provide important information and line detection is crucial in many applications. However, most of the existing algorithms focus only on the extraction of line positions, ignoring line thickness. In this thesis, we aim to address this issue.
We first propose a novel wide line detector to extract the line entirely. In contrast with the traditional directional-derivative-based edge and line extraction method, our wide line detector is based on isotropic nonlinear filtering and consequently is more robust to noise. We develop an approach for dynamic selection of parameters of the wide line detector. A sequence of tests is conducted on a variety of image samples. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed wide line detector works very well for a range of images, especially for those where the width of lines varies greatly and where the lines run close together or cross each other.
We then address the first application of our wide line detector: palm-line based palmprint recognition. We present a novel palm-line feature extraction method for personal identification. Compared to previous work, the proposed method extracts not only structure features but also strength features of palm lines. We also develop an experimental scheme to optimize the parameter combination for the proposed method. An extensive test is conducted on a public palmprint database. Experimental results show that the performance of the proposed method is comparable with the state-of-the-art algorithms of palmprint identification and thereby palm-line features can be used to recognize palmprints.
Finally, we for the first time attempt to extract tongue cracks, one of pathological features in tongue diagnosis. We propose a framework for automatic tongue crack extraction. We derive a tongue crack detection scheme based on the wide line detector. Due to the large range of widths of tongue cracks, the maximum widths of cracks vary greatly with different tongue images and consequently the size of the detector used should be very different. To implement the proposed scheme totally automatically, we design an adaptive algorithm of line width estimation. The proposed scheme has been tested on a set of typical cracked tongue samples and our experimental results show the promising performance of our automatic tongue crack extraction scheme.


nformation professionals working on the Indian subcontinent face many challenges. As libraries in the region struggle to develop new models of service and operation to meet the needs of the current information explosion and the ever increasing cost of information, they face innumerable barriers. In the face of the emerging trend of economic globalization and the information technology (IT) revolution, many Indian and South Asian library professionals recognize the current realities and the need to adopt many of the strategies of their western colleagues in order to provide the information services that will enable their fellow citizens and countries to be competitive on the world stage. The barriers they face range from insufficient technological capacity and antiquated curricula for training library professionals to inexperience with strategies for managing digital collections and the effects of government infrastructures that prohibit or restrict the development of library networks that would otherwise expand user services and resources. Libraries all over the world are now shifting their emphasis. There is obviously a shift from print to digital/electronic collections and services. There is also a visible transition from an operations model of " repository maintenance " to a user-centered approach to library services. In western countries, libraries have moved from a holdings or ownership ideology to an access strategy based on content subscriptions accessed via the Internet. There are many reasons for these changes. Advances in digital content and web-based services have improved the tools for development of digital libraries and repositories as well as enhancing the ability for libraries to form consortia and networks to share resources. But libraries are also moving in these directions because they are trying to meet the expectations and needs of newer highly digital and Internet based user populations. There is also a strong economic incentive to share resources with other libraries and focus on virtual access rather than physical storage. Many librarians on the Indian subcontinent are aware of these trends and have a sincere desire to transition into new models of information service. But a majority of the libraries in South Asia still give maximum importance to printed documents and are satisfied to remain focused on print collections, only providing services to users that depend mainly on those traditional collections. There are a few institutions of higher education and research establishments, especially in the science and technology fields, that have developed modern information technology-based libraries with


This paper discusses the monotonicity of functionF(x)=∫x0(x-ct)f(t)dtin various setting.Mistake of a statement in an article is revealed by a counter example.


Blunt chest trauma impairs the outcome of multiply-injured patients. Lung contusion induces inflammatory alterations and Fas-dependent apoptosis of alveolar type 2 epithelial (AT2) cells has been described. The Fas/Fas ligand (FasL) system seems to exhibit a proinflammatory potential. We aimed to elucidate the involvement of the Fas/FasL system in the inflammatory response after lung contusion. Chest trauma was induced in male rats by a pressure wave. Soluble FasL concentrations were determined in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids and alveolar macrophage (AM&PHgr;) supernatants. Alveolar macrophages and AT2 cells were isolated to determine the surface expression (FACS) of Fas/FasL, the mRNA expression (reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction) of Fas, FasL, TNF-&agr;, IL-6, and IL-10 and to measure the release of IL-6 and IL-10 after culture with or without stimulation with FasL. After chest trauma, FasL concentration was increased in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and AM&PHgr; supernatants and Fas and FasL protein were downregulated on AM&PHgr;s and unchanged on AT2 cells. The mRNA expression of Fas was increased in AM&PHgr;s and AT2 cells and that of FasL only in AM&PHgr;s isolated after lung contusion. Fas ligand stimulation further enhanced IL-6 and suppressed IL-10 release in AM&PHgr;s after trauma. The results indicate that the Fas/FasL system is activated after chest trauma, and FasL is associated with the inflammatory response after lung contusion. The proinflammatory response of AM&PHgr;s is enhanced by FasL stimulation. Both AM&PHgr;s and AT2 cells seem to contribute to the mediator release after lung contusion. These results confirm the importance of the Fas/FasL system in the inflammatory response after chest trauma.


Abstract The following legislative summary is an unusual choice for the journal to print, but we feel it summarizes a number of disparate and important facts that our readers might value in a single source. Like a previous report of the Institute of Museum Services some issues ago, this summary is more an internal document than an article in the traditional sense. We feel it could use a broader dissemination. Of particular interest are the changes in legislation for the Arts and Humanities Reauthorization FY 1986–1990 since they reflect policy-related decisions that are perhaps a microcosm of some of the major issues emerging during the twenty-year history of our National Endowments for the Arts and Humanities. These changes also reflect problems that practitioners—in particular, arts managers—will be dealing with on a daily basis and in very specific terms over the next half decade. These include access to the arts and humanities for those people in rural areas and in underrepresented groups, greater res...


Society for Publication of Acta Dermato-Venereologica Cutis laxa is a rare skin disorder, characterized by loose, redundant, hypoelastic skin. The aetiology of cutis laxa is unknown; the condition is associated with malignancies, medications, infections and other conditions (1). Some cases develop cardiac and pulmonary complications, such as emphysema and bronchiectasis. We describe here a patient with generalized acquired cutis laxa associated with IgA-λ monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) who developed severe emphysema. Successful treatment with diaminodiphenyl sulfone (dapsone) and immunohistochemical analysis indicate the possible contribution of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs).


NetworkCoding(NC)canbeefficiently combined withthe "physical layerbroadcast" property ofwireless mediumsto facilitate mutual exchange ofindependent information [6]. Atthe sametime, experimental/theoretical analysis ofwireless networks hasshowntheefficacy ofcross-layer protocols that relay corrupted packets inbandwidth hungry video applications (e.g. [7]-[8]). The integration ofNC-based information exchange andcross-layer (CL)protocols forwireless video istheprimary themeofthis work. A particular issue addressed inthis paper istheimpact of errors inapacket, ontheperformance ofanetwork code. Thus, we identify theoperating conditions underwhichNC,despite the presence ofresidue errors, isbeneficial. Basedontheoretical analysis andexperiments using802.1 lbwireless traces itis established that thecombination ofNC withrelay ofcorrupted packets canperform better than(i) conventional schemes that drop allcorrupted packets (ii) ascheme that deploys network coding only(iii) ascheme that onlydeploys aCLstrategy that recovers information fromcorrupted packets. Theproposed Cross-Layer Information-eXchange (CLIX) schemesignificantly improves the performance ofanH.264based video codec forwireless networks.


Gujiao is a typical small coal city in Shanxi.This paper analyzes the environmental impaction brought by the coal industry.Combined with the actuality of Gujiao,this paper proposes the countermeasure of its sustainable development.


Concept graph is a graph that represents the relationships between language concepts. In this structure the relationship between any two words is demonstrated by a weighted edge such that the value of this weight is interpreted as the degree of the relevance of two words. Having this graph, we can obtain most relevant words to a special term. In this paper, we propose a method for improving the classification of documents from unknown sources by means of concept graph. In our method, initially some features are selected from a training set by a well-known feature selection algorithm. Then, by extracting most relevant words for each class from the concept graph, a more effective feature set is produced. Our experimental results identify an improvement of 1% and 8% in precision and recall measures, respectively.


This paper reports a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) mirror with electrothermal polymer actuators for the diffusion sensor. A compact and high-speed diffusion sensor is desirable for point-of-care testing because of its real-time monitorability and portability, and because diffusion coefficient reflects the abnormality of biological samples such as proteins. Herein, a fringe-tunable electrothermal Fresnel mirror (FEFM) is analyzed to maximize the mirror's angular shift while maintaining the repeatability of the actuator drive. The thermal-response-speed and temperature-distribution characteristics were examined. The proposed fabrication process contributed toward improving the yield and quality of the device. The diffusion coefficient was successfully measured using the fabricated FEFM. Moreover, by making the fringe spacing 7.1 times narrower than its initial value, the decay time of diffracted light became 50 times faster than that of the wider fringe, thereby showing reasonable agreement with theory. The results validated the development of a compact, high-speed diffusion sensor that realizes control of the decay time of the mass diffusion in a transient grating using an FEFM.


The main objective of this study is to evaluate characteristics of modified transparent binders used in color asphalt pavement. The dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) test is performed to analyze the viscous and elastic behavior of asphalt binder. As a result of the DSR test, modified transparent binders meet Superpave specification on rutting and fatigue cracking. Values of of modified transparent binders are higher than those of conventional transparent binders at low temperatures. These results are expected to increase thermal cracking resistance at low temperatures. The specimens of three colored asphalt mixtures and a dense-grade AC asphalt mixture were prepared, then the Marshall test, indirect tensile strength test, and the wheel tracking test were performed on these samples. According to the test results, color asphalt mixtures revealed a good resistance against thermal cracking and fatigue cracking.


Manufacturing enterprises are trying to meet customer expectations for high-quality durable products at minimum cost with a quick turn-around time. In order to meet these expectations, some fundamental changes in the product development processes are re..


Major activity of brinjal pests were observed between 60–90 days after planting (DAP). Two spray treatment at 60 and 75 DAP proved to be the most ideal in suppressing the population of jassids, whitefly and fruit borer. All the insecticidal treatment were found to be superior over control in increasing the crop yield by reducing the pest complex of brinjal. Monocrotophos was effective against jassids for more than 20 days, endosulfan for 15–20 days and phosalone for 10–15 days. Jassid and whitefly were highly susceptible to monocrotophos while fruit borer was to endosulfan. The residues of endosulfan, phosalone and monociotophos degraded below MRL in 2, 5 and 7 days respectively. Washing and cooking further helped in decontaminating the fruits by 50–70% of residues.


Abstract : The key deliverable in this award s statement of work is to Develop a new program at Washington State University - the Spokane Sleep Research Initiative - to focus on the effects of sleep and sleep loss on human performance. As the Spokane Sleep Research Initiative grew, it was renamed the Sleep and Performance Research Center (SPRC). Major findings published during the interval covered by this addendum (05/01/2010-04/30/2011) were 1) sleep loss effects are modulated by circadian rhythms; 2) sleep loss affects the performance of operational personnel with effects on both individual and group performance; 3) chronic sleep restriction degrades performance to a lesser degree than total sleep deprivation but recovery from chronic sleep restriction takes longer; 4) mathematical models can capture the homeostatic and circadian effects on performance and be useful in fatigue risk management; 5) basic science experimentation continues to be the mainstay in unraveling the neurobiology of sleep in particular the effects of local release of sleep regulatory substances in controlling local sleep; 6) over the reporting period, core faculty have continued to do original work and to integrate their work with the work of others through timely, thoughtful, and authoritative reviews During the interval covered by this addendum (05/01/2010-04/30/2011), the Sleep and Performance Research Center 11 core faculty members have produced 62 publications (see References).


This paper presents a rigorous transfer function analysis of the power supply rejection ratio (PSRR) of typical capacitor-less low-dropout (LDO) regulators. An efficient and accurate model is proposed to relieve the complication. The transfer functions, together with the poles and zeros, are obtained regarding a typical capacitor-less LDO topology as an example. The numerical results are plotted and compared to circuit simulation results using a commercial 65-nm technology for verification, and using the proposed model the mechanisms of different PSRR enhancement techniques are discussed. The proposed model and derived transfer functions match well with the simulation and measurement results in prior works.


Employee resistance to change draws on conventional knowledge and prior research. Hence resistance is presupposed before a merger. In the literature advice is given on how to minimize resistance to change. A main recommendation is to inform and communicate extensively to down-play feelings of anxiety and support involvement. Nevertheless, post-merger integrations are known to be problematic and seldom achieve the predicted success. This longitudinal case-study follows a merger from the administrators' perspective. Prior empirical findings were promising for the post-merger implementation and showed administrators who welcomed the merger. Furthermore, they were happy with the overall merger information and found themselves fully participating in the change processes. The recent findings (after the merger) showed that the administrators experienced lowered productivity, higher fragmentation of the workday and less involvement. Furthermore, the information and communication had been changed after the merger. The human factor is important to acknowledge for preventing post-merger failure and the findings from this longitudinal case-study highlights the importance of maintaining positive employee perceptions after a merger. The longitudinal case-study aims at adding to the knowledge base on facilitating post-merger implementations.
Key words: importance of information and involvement in organizational changes, merger in public sector, post-merger integration (PMI), resistance to changes.


. Long records of hillslope runoff and nutrient concentrationss are rare—on seasonally seasonally-frozen ground they are almost non- 10 existent. The Swift Current hillslopes at the Swift Current Research and Development Centre on the Canadian Prairies provide such a long-term hydrological record. Runoff, runoff nutrient concentration, snowpack depth, density and water equivalent, soil moisture, and soil nutrient concentration were monitored on the three 5 ha hillslopes over a 50-year period (1962 – 2011). Digital elevation data are available for the three hillslopes at a 2 m horizontal resolution, and, for one of the hillslopes (Hillslope 2), at a 0.25 m horizontal resolution. Runoff from the hillslopes was generated episodically during snowmelt and occasional rainfall events. Edge-of-fieldHillslope runoff was measured with a 0.61 m H-flume. 15 Daily runoff nutrient concentration data are available for nitrate-N (March 1971 – April 2011), ammoniacal-Num (February 1996 – April 2011), and orthophosphate phosphate-P (March-April 1971; June 1991 – April 2011). Snowpack data (snowpack depth, density and water equivalent) were determined via manual snow surveys carried out several times each winter, between January and March, between 1965 and 2011. Gravimetric soil moisture content was measured in October and April each year between 1971 and 2011 at five depth intervals (0-15, 15-30, 30-60, 60-90, and 90-120 cm) at nine points on each hillslope. We summarize provide these hillslope data in two publically-available repositories: 1) 20 1962-2011 data on runoff, runoff nutrients, snowpack, soil moisture, soil nutrients, and crop and tillage practices at https://doi.org/10.23684/hhn5-rz52; and 2) digital elevation data at https://doi.org/10.20383/101.0117. ( Coles et al., 2018b). Complete climate data recorded at a Environment and Climate Change Canada meteorological station located 390 m from the three hillslopes are publically-available at http://climate.weather.gc.ca/. This paper has presented details of a long-term (1962-2013) dataset from three 5 ha research hillslopes at the Swift Current Research and Development Centre (of Agriculture and Agri-food Canada) in southern Saskatchewan on the northern Great Plains. The hillslopes are seasonally-frozen and under agricultural management. Runoff from the hillslopes is non-continuous and is dominated by spring snowmelt. The dataset includes runoff, runoff chemistrynutrient concentrations, snowpack depth, density and water equivalent, soil moisture, and soil chemistrynutrient 5 concentrations, and crop and tillage data. Digital elevation data are also available for the three hillslopes at a 2 m horizontal resolution, and, for one of the hillslopes (Hillslope 2), at a 0.25 m horizontal resolution. A nearby Environment and Climate Change standard meteorological station provides a dataset of precipitation, temperature and other climate conditions at a daily (1962 onwards) and hourly (1995 onwards) resolution. Data from the three hillslopes and the meteorological station are now available online. This rich dataset is a valuable source for hydrological response analysis and model formulation and calibration, within the context of long-term climate and land management change.


The use of fly ash in replacing cement to certain percentageis accepted in recent years. It saves cement, consumes industrial waste and makes durable concrete. Coal fly ash is a widely used byproduct material. It has been in use as a concrete additive for more than two decades. The material's properties make fly ash a useful material in the construction industry. It is beneficial to relievefrom disposal facilities.It reduces cost for both the fly ash producers and users.Out of the total ash produced, Fly ash contributes to a small percentage, majority being Pond ash and bottom ash. In the past, fly ash for the most part was given off into the air. Now, with new techniques particulate material can be collected for reuse.Other waste material paper mill sludgeisamajor economicandenvironmental problemfor the paper andboard industry. Themain recyclinganddisposalroutesfor paper sludgeare land-spreading, producingpaper sludge ash, ordisposalto any river /stream. In function alters, paper sludge consists of cellulose fibres, calcium carbonate and china clay and residual chemicalsboundupwithwater. To produce low cost concrete by replacing cement with hypo sludge. To reduce disposal and pollution problems due to hypo sludge it is most essential to develop profitable materials used for mankind from it. The innovative use of hypo sludge and fly ash in concrete formulations as a supplementary cementitious material was tested as an alternative to conventional concrete. The cement has been replaced by hypo sludge and fly ash accordingly in the range of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% by volume for M-25 and M-40 mix. Concrete mixtures were produced, tested and compared in terms of modulus of elasticity with the conventional concrete. The test was carried out to evaluate the modulus of elasticity after 56 days. This study includes different concrete mixtures which were produced to determine the influence of hypo sludge derived from J.K.Papers mill Pvt.Ltd, plant near Songadh, Tappi District and Maize Products (A division of Sayaji Industries Ltd) Power plant near kathwada, Ahmedabad District in Gujarat Statereferring to the Modulus of Elasticity. The modulus of elasticity of concrete is a very important mechanical parameter reflecting the ability of the concrete to deform elasticity. For concrete material, the secant modulus is defined as the slope of the straight line drawn from the origin of axis to the stress-strain curve at 1/3 of the ultimate strength. Key words-Fly Ash, Hypo Sludge, Modulus of Elasticity, Supplementary Cementitious Material (SCMs).


Summary Structured metadatametadata based on organizing principlescan facilitate the task of information retrieval by providing context and meaningful differentiation in search results as well as collocating items with similar characteristics and highlighting semantic relationships among index terms. Types of metadata structure include rule basis, authority control, categorization, and relationship control. Most information found in library catalog records is structured metadata, but online catalog systems often suppress structural features (especially those providing relationship control) through simplified machine sorting of search results. Catalog displays that respect and highlight metadata structures are needed to improve collocation and browsing capability.