Kuini (Mangifera odorata) is classified under the family of mango (Mangifera) and categories as one of underutilised mango species in Malaysia. Presently, kuini fruit is lack of market demands compared to commercial mango such as Mangifera indica. Interestingly, in term of remedy, kuini has been used in folk medicine since ages which indicated that the plant contain compounds with bioactivity. As part of an effort to explore the economic potential of kuini, the bioactivity of kuini flesh and peel were investigated. Thus the objective of this study was to identify the antibacterial activity of crude extracts from both fresh and fermented of kuini flesh and peel. Crude extracts from all four samples were tested against a selection of bacterial bioassay using disc diffusion method. The antibacterial activity was indicated as a clear zone around the disk and expressed as percentage of bacterial inhibition. Results indicated that extracts from fermented kuini flesh were more potent against Grampositive bacteria but less susceptible to Gram-negative bacteria. Interestingly, extracts from fresh and fermented kuini peel were both effective against Salmonella typhimurium while only extracts from fermented kuini peel were effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14. Amongst all, fermented kuini extracts were able to exhibit a strong antibacterial activity up to 86 % whereas only 56 % was exhibited by fresh kuini extracts. The Gram-negative bacteria were more susceptible to non-polar extracts such as hexane-extracts, whereas medium to polar extracts such as ethyl acetate and methanol-extracts were more potent to Grampositive bacteria. In conclusion, extracts from both fermented kuini flesh and peel had a strong antibacterial activity compared with their fresh counterparts. This study also revealed that fermentation was successfully transformed compounds in fresh kuini into active compounds with antibacterial activity in the fermented kuini. In future, the bioassay-guided isolation and purification of those bioactive extracts could be performed to identify the corresponding antibacterial compounds.


We report new floristic data collected from the Zemplén Mountains between 2004–2022. Altogether, 1215 occurrences of 133 species were recorded from 33 Central European Flora Mapping quadrats. We present occurrences of so far not reported or rare species, e.g., Carex appropinquata, C. cespitosa, C. disticha, Centaurea stenolepis, Scabiosa columbaria, Tephroseris aurantiaca. We put special emphasis on occurrence data of geobotanical importance, such as Anthriscus nitidus, Echium maculatum, Lunaria rediviva, Nepeta pannonica, Oreopteris limbosperma, Petasites albus, Primula elatior, Thlaspi jankae, Veronica montana, as well as newly rediscovered species based on archive data: Cirsium rivulare, Parnassia palustris. We mention common species, which are lacking data from the area, e.g., Adoxa moschatellina, Allium flavum, Cardamine amara, Dipsacus fullonum, Galanthus nivalis. Moreover, we report numerous new occurrences of taxa typical to the Zemplén Mts.: Aruncus dioicus, Huperzia selago, Lycopodium annotinum, Securigera elegans etc. We complete the enumeration with additional data from the literature and herbaria.


In much of the literature on the properties of wood that is enhanced by acetylation, the strength properties are said to be not affected. In many cases this has been measured with a flexure test, determining strength (MOR) and stiffness (MOE) of small pieces of clear wood. In the calculation of constructions, structural engineers need to work with more realistic values. In this study Radiata pine of structural sizes was tested in a 4-point flexure test according to EN 408, in order to assess MOR and MOE. Firstly, the MOE was determined non-destructive for untreated timber. Secondly, the same pieces were acetylated to 20% acetyl content. Thirdly, these pieces were tested in order to determine the MOE and MOR after treatment. The MOR and MOE of untreated Radiata pine were also determined using pieces of the same origin. The density of all test specimens was recorded as well. According to EN 338 the characteristic strength and stiffness values of (North) European softwood can be determined based on the MOR, MOE and the density. It is not clear if the same relationships can be used for (treated) Radiata pine. The verification of these relations will be subject of study in the near future using the same material as used for the four point bending tests described in this paper.


Hyperloop is a new, alternative, very high-speed mode of transport wherein Hyperloop pods (or capsules) transport cargo and passengers at very high speeds in a near-vacuum tube. Such high-speed operations, however, cause a large aerodynamic drag. This study investigates the effects of pod speed, blockage ratio (BR), tube pressure, and pod length on the drag and drag coefficient of a Hyperloop. To study the compressibility of air when the pod is operating in a tube, the effect of pressure waves in terms of propagation speed and magnitude are investigated based on normal shockwave theories. To represent the pod motion and propagation of pressure waves, unsteady simulation using the moving-mesh method was applied under the sheer stress transport k–ω turbulence model. Numerical simulations were performed for different pod speeds from 100 to 350 m/s. The results indicate that the drag coefficient increases with increase in BR, pod speed, and pod length. In the Hyperloop system, the compression wave propagation speed is much higher than the speed of sound and the expansion wave propagation speed that experiences values around the speed of sound.


Pozzo, L., Tarantola, M., Biasibetti, E., Capucchio, M. T., Pagella, M., Mellia, E., Bergagna, S., Gennero, M. S., Strazzullo, G. and Schiavone, A. 2013. Adverse effects in broiler chickens fed a high lycopene concentration supplemented diet. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 93: 231–241. The present investigation was designed to assess the effects of the administration of a high dietary lycopene dose to broiler chickens on growth and slaughter performances, haemato–biochemical parameters, antioxidant enzymes, histological lesions and lycopene accumulation in the tissues. Thirty-six 1-d-old male Hubbard broiler chicks were examined and divided randomly into two groups (three replicates for each dietary treatment): the Control group, which received a basal diet, and the Lycopene group, which received the basal diet supplemented with 500 mg lycopene kg−1 diet. The experimental period lasted 35 d and growth performance was recorded on a weekly basis. At the end of the experiment (day 35), blood samples (n=12) were collecte...


Health planning and emergency medical services (EMSJ are two recent attempts t o rationalize the health care delivery system. Although these programs have evolved separately, conceptually meeting their respective mandates requires an effective, cooperative partnership. One potential mutually beneficial area is the juncture between research development and research application. Critics have argued that EMS research ha been troubled by uneven quality of data and inadequate integration with the policy decision-making process. In turn, health planning has been criticized for lacking reliable empirical data to support development of goals and programmatic alternatives. The authors suggest how these problematic areas could be strengthened by coordinating EMS research with the health planning process. Exemplary health planning mechanisms that could play an important role in promoting a formalized exchange between planners and EMS researchers are proposed.


I am writing this column in mid-March 2011 (due to editorial deadlines), and the news is filled with heart-breaking stories of earthquakes and tsunamis in Japan, with the possibility of a nuclear emergency as well as conflicts in the Middle East. To all our colleagues and their families afflicted by these and other man-made or natural disasters, rest assured that the IEEE Industry Applications Society (IAS) as a family is with you in these difficult times. Clearly, our first reaction is to wish the best for you and your loved ones.


Political development and global change : a theoretical overview -- Global change and the rise of modern states -- State formation and international conflict -- Domestic political change and international conflict -- Environmental change and strategic behavior of states -- Internal and external determinants of regime change -- Domestic and international change : the interface between domestic and international processes.


The contrasting hatching behaviour of cyst nematodes may be related ta different strategies for survival in the absence of a host crop. Many species of cyst nematodes from tropical regions complete several generations during the host growing season and demonstrate variations in hatching behaviour. The hatching response of cysts of Heterodera cajani changes with the age of the host plant on which they are produced; as the host plant begins to senesce, a greater percentage of the eggs in the cysts depend on root diffusates to initiate hatch (Gaur el al., 1992). With the onset of plant senescence, females of H. sacchari develop into cysts containing a large proportion of J2 which do not hatch and sorne which depend on root diffusate for hatch stimulation (Ibrahim el al., 1993). Thus, in later generations of H. cajani and H. sacchari, a large proportion of J2 do not hatch ensuring that these dormant individuals survive the intercrop period. By contrast, J2 of H. oryziwla are always dependent on host diffusate stimulation for substantial hatch, irrespective of generation (Ibrahim el al., 1993). The sorghum cyst nematade, H. sorghl~ has a life cycle of 20-24 days at 28-36°C (Srivastava, 1985) and produces up to four generations per season; smaU eggsacs may be present but they contain few, if any, eggs (Srivastava & Chawla, 1993). Cysts of H. sorghi hatch readily in water (Srivastava, 1985) although, in preliminary tests, we found considerable variation in the hatch from different batches of cysts. The present study investigated the hatching behaviour of successive generations of H. sorghi in response to standard sorghum root diffusate.


The enantioselective synthesis of both (4R,5R)- and (4S,5S)-4-methyl-5-nonanol (1) was achieved by starting from an optically active epoxide 5. A GC comparison on a chiral stationary phase of the synthetic enantiomers of 1 with the naturally occurring 1 was executed, and (4S,5S)-1 was shown to be identical with the natural 1 isolated as the male-produced pheromone compound of the weevils Rhynchophorus vulneratus and Metamasius hemipterus.


Magnetic surveys—In 1931 a test was made of the feasibility of making use of existing triangulation-stations as magnetic stations, particularly as repeat-stations for determination of secular change of the magnetic elements. The work was done near the 93rd meridian arc of triangulation from Minnesota to Arkansas. Former repeat-stations were reoccupied and new magnetic stations were established at triangulation-stations to be used as repeat-stations in the future.

It turned out that this particular piece of triangulation was not very well adapted to the purpose, as only about half of the stations visited were suitably located for magnetic observations and at only eight were distant objects visible which had been included in the angular measures. In most cases, however, a reference-mark had been set within a reasonable distance of the station and its azimuth determined with accuracy. Improved conditions for the work may be expected in future triangulation.


The purpose of this study was to describe low back pain in third trimester pregnant women. The method used is a cross sectional descriptive study design. The results of the study, respondents who experienced mild pain as much as 20%, 50% experienced moderate pain and as many as 30% experienced severe pain accompanied by accompanying symptoms. Although it is a problem, 82% of adolescents only let go when pain arises or only drink warm water and press on the affected part (18%). Third trimester pregnant women seek help from their husbands and families (87.2%) regarding problems that arise and only, 12.8% of third trimester pregnant women seek help from health workers / midwives. In conclusion, most respondents have experienced low back muscle pain. Generally, information about the lower back is mostly obtained from other pregnant women and parents. When experiencing low back most pregnant women ask for help from their husbands and families.

Keywords: Trimester III Pregnant Women, Lower Back Pain


Introduction and purpose: The scientific and technological Hegemony of Iran in the next fifty years is not a thematic plan with daydreaming and dreaming, but the depiction of a reality based on a vision document and with a firm determination of the people and officials of the country in the not-too-distant future for this border And the canvas will be created. The purpose of this study is to design a conceptual model of Scientific Hegemony in the higher education system by critical review. Methods: This study was conducted as a critical review using Carnwell & Daly method in 2021. The study population consisted of scientific sources and texts. In this study, definition and models of Scientific Hegemony were reviewed and critiqued using the Carnwell & Daly model in 5 stages, which include: determining the purpose of reviewing texts, determining the scope of study, identifying relevant texts, reviewing texts, writing reviews and results Is. Text searches were performed systematically and comprehensively on databases and GOOGLE and ERIC and PUBMED websites. Results: In the current study, 3 concepts with the most relevance in the field of scientific hegemony were extracted also the results of the study based on 12 proposed layers to evaluate the concept of Scientific Hegemony showed that a superficial and simplistic approach to the category of authority is usually limited to the number of published articles and the number of citations of these articles. Taking a closer look at the countries that have the status of scientific reference in various fields, we find that the advantage of these countries is far beyond just producing articles. In fact, the authority of these countries is the result of decades of investment in cultural, theoretical, philosophical, infrastructural and institutional development in these scientific disciplines. Conclusion: According to the obtained results, it can be concluded that to achieving comprehensive scientific Hegemony requires a special strategy for each layer of the model. A deeper look at the category of Scientific Hegemony confirms that the Scientific Hegemony that we are currently seeing examples of in some Western countries is the result of more radical and long-term developments that include the philosophical and theoretical levels of scientific development. In other words, achieving the position of Scientific Hegemony requires that universities and academic centers excel in the fields of education, research, technology, theorizing, reference and reliance, accountable, up-to-date, leading, and globally. Keywords: Scientific Hegemony, Higher Education System, Critical Review Method


Method for producing a mold for molding a polymer composite material comprises embedding in a ceramic material 28 which can be extended and the fiber-reinforced polymer 30 at least one layer of a plurality of heating elements 24. Curing temperature of the ceramic material is lower than the melting point of the polymer. Ceramic material, is cured at a temperature lower than the melting point of the polymer resulted in a solid ceramic body, the ceramic body is then a temperature higher than the melting point of the polymer to be subsequently fibers and fusing to enhance the mold in is heated. Mold is suitable for use in the manufacture of polymer composite. Process for forming a polymeric composite material using a mold is also described. .BACKGROUND


In recent years, problem of female college students dormitory interpersonal relation has become one of the most confusing and distressing problems to female college students. Phenomena of small groups of contacts, "the central figure", "spiritual warfare" and so on in female college students' dormitory relation, as well as traits of superficial and temporary interweaved, recurrent and persistent accompanied, and faint with sudden coexisted both are reflected the individual psychology of self-awareness and communication deficiencies and lack of education and management of scientific schools to female college students. Therefore, we should help female college students to know themselves, develop a healthy mentality, build a correct sense of communication, master interpersonal skills, establish and improve school management systems in order to build harmonious female college students' dormitory relationships.


The idea of maximizing the likelihood of the observed range for a set of jointly realized counts has been employed in a variety of contexts. The applicability of the MLE introduced in [1] has been extended to the general case of a multivariate sample containing interval censored outcomes. In addition, a kernel density estimator and a related score function have been proposed leading to the construction of a modified Nadaraya-Watson regression estimator. Finally, the author has treated the problems of estimating the parameters of a mutinomial distribution and the analysis of contingency tables in the presence of censoring.


Dual ridged waveguide horn antennas (DRGH) are widely used in antennas and EMC testing systems as feeder and standard antennas respectively. However, traditional 1-18 GHz DRGH antennas have beam splitting above 12 GHz. In this paper, not only the waveguide section and the ridge curve are optimized, and the higher order modes is eliminated, but also the ridge width is further optimized to improving the antenna aperture efficiency. The final design of the DRGH antenna size is 242mm $\times$ 136 mm $\times$ 189 mm, the gain is 6.53 dBi at 1 GHz, 14.1 dBi at 9.5 GHz, 16.5 dBi at 18 GHz.


This article deals with one of the administrative offices, the Office provider of people, which can be defined as Labor Bureau, or the Service Office, only known in the Late Middle Kingdom. Researchers hold different views concerning the meaning and translation of the expression of this administrative office, and the nature of its functions. This article aims at determining the exact meaning of the name of this Office, recognizing the administrative structure and the nature of its staff, defining the specializations and nature of the missions of this administrative office, deciding the time of its appearance and disappearance, and discovering the organization to which it was subject.


An e-mail from Grady Laster, of the San Antonio Express-News to Cyndi Brown of TDNA, with the advertising linage report that details ad revenue from the San Antonio Express-News for November 2008.


This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of loading frequency on treatment performance of faecal sludge (FS) with drying beds planted with Echinochloa pyramidalis . Beds were loaded at a constant total solids (TS) loading rate of 200 kg TS/m 2 *year, at a frequency of 1X, 2X or 3X per week. The FS was highly variable, with a range of 2,600–21,492 mg/L TS, which resulted in variable hydraulic loadings. Weekly monitoring was conducted 23 times over a period of nine months. Increased loading frequency resulted in increased plant growth with 211, 265 and 268 plants/m 2 , respectively, for the 1X, 2X and 3X, and the 2X and 3X loadings had 12–13% more liquid lost due to evapotranspiration versus percolation. Even with high removals that were resistant to variable hydraulic loadings, leachate had 883–5,228 mg/L TS, 49–727 mg/L total suspended solids and 92–1,853 mg/L chemical oxygen demand due to the high initial concentrations. Increased loading frequency resulted in greater nitrification, with 7–28, 18–43 and 28–51 mg/L NO 3 − for 1X, 2X and 3X, respectively. FS requires a longer storage time than three months for stabilization and pathogen reduction. These results provide valuable information for FS planted drying bed operation.


Aim: This study aimed to compare in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes in patients who were administered dual trigger due to OHSS risk in the GnRH antagonist protocol with patients who were administered standard trigger. Materials and Methods: The medical files were retrospectively scanned for all the patients who were admitted to Inonu Unıversity department of obstetrics and gynecology.While the dual trigger group was composed of patients with OHSS risk who were stimulated with GnRH antagonist and received dual trigger(hCG + GnRHa) for final oocyte maturation, the age-matched (20-40) control group consisted of patients who were administered standard trigger (10000 IU uhCG or 500 μgrrhCG and obtained oocyte counts of 500 μgr recombinant hCG). Thetwo groups were compared in terms of the oocyte count, MII oocyte count, and pregnancy and birth outcomes. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of age, weight, height, BMI, duration of marriage, presence of previous pregnancy, number of previous parities, number of pre-existing children, number of previous abortus stories, number of smokers, duration of infertility, LH, E2, prolactin, TSH levels, infertility causes, and hCG dose endometrium thickness. The number of oocytes and MII oocytes obtained was significantly higher in the dual trigger group compared to the control group. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of the number of pregnancies and number of deliveries. Conclusion: Although the number of oocytes and MII oocytes was higher in the dual trigger group compared to the control group, there was no significant difference in terms of the pregnancy ratios and the number of deliveries.


from is apparent density of has a minimum at a temperature of about 500 °C, be attributed to carbon matrix more Charcoal of BT obtained at a temperature of not less than 500 °C, can be used as raw material for activation. Temperature pyrolysis boughs 600 ° С and above provides control that meets the requirements of Russian standard.


The taxonomic status of the Pacific lowland Atractus is revised on the basis of meristic, morphometric, colour pattern, and hemipenial characters. Geographical variation is reported for six Atractus species (A. boulengerii, A. clarki, A. iridescens, A. melas, A. multicinctus, and A. paucidens). Atractus boulengerii is rediscovered and redescribed from a specimen from the Colombian coast. The first voucher specimens are reported for A. melas. The current status of A. microrhynchus is maintained based on the discovery of new material referrable to that species. Three new species of Atractus are described from the Pacific lowland of Colombia: A. echidna sp. nov., A. medusa sp. nov., A. typhon sp. nov. Two new Atractus species groups (multicinctus and paucidens) are proposed based on external morphology, maxillary dentition, and hemipenial characters. A new key to Pacific lowland species of Atractus is provided.


We first present a protocol to elect a unique leader of a given cycle of the planar square lattice on vertices of which synchronous communicating finite automata are placed, which know the directions of its successor and its predecessor. Thereafter, we extend it to finite parts of the planar grid, giving in both cases the time complexity (twice the length of the cycle, and 12(number of cells)+2 time units).


MIMO is a technique that enhances system performance through antenna arrays at source side and at receiver. These methods can increase the wireless networks' capacity, reach, and dependability. MIMO systems can also be used to mitigate the effects of multipath fading, which is a common problem in wireless communications. MIMO technology is widely used in various wireless schemes, such as Wi-Fi, cellular, and satellite communications. Despite the benefits of MIMO, there are still research challenges that need to be addressed for MIMO systems to be more effective, efficient, and reliable. Overall, the capacity of a MIMO system is a complex and multi-faceted metric that can be evaluated using various techniques (different receiver), depending on the specific operating conditions and requirements. Understanding the performance of a MIMO is the crucial for the design, deployment, and optimization of wireless networks that use this technology. Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC) is a receiver technique has been used for separate and decode multiple signals that are transmitted simultaneously in MIMO which inherently improves the capacity. Hence, this work is focused on estimating the capacity of MIMO with different receiver structures such as; MMSE, Zero Forcing Equalizers incorporated with SIC. The performance of MIMO system has been measured in terms of capacity and compared with MIMO having SIC and MIMO with out SIC.


This study was evaluated the antiatopic activity of silkworm feces extracts in DNCBinduced NC/Nga atopy mice. It was found that each level of IgE and histamine in blood was significantly decreased in the silkworm feces extracts treatment groups, compared with the DNCB-induced atopy control group. When the silkworm feces extracts was applied to the atopy mice, it could be observed that its skin recovered to normal condition with the skin surface being clean and smooth without any tissue. The results suggest that the application of silkworm feces extracts effect on atopic model through a inhibition of histamine emissions with reducing the levels of blood IgE in NC/Nga atopy mice.


Bacterial biofilms are a major cause of harm related to medical infections and biofouling. Thus, 80% of total infections are caused by biofilm-forming microorganisms. Consequently, knowledge of biofilm formation stages is crucial to develop effective treatments to prevent their formation in medical implants, tools, and devices. For this purpose, quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensors are becoming a good alternative to analytical methods for the real-time monitoring of bacterial growth in liquid media culture. In a previous paper, the authors described an affordable multi-channel measurement instrument based on QCM sensors. However, in order to validate its correct operation, complementary experimental measurements based on bacterial biofilm growth were performed. In this work, the experimental measurements that allow the identification of the different biofilm formation stages are described. The results obtained are discussed.


In the past 10 years since the implementation of the E5 guideline, bridging studies have been one of the most controversial ICH concepts for East Asian states. This article reveals the dynamics of bridging studies by comprehensively reviewing their evolution and policy impacts in Japan and Taiwan from a comparative perspective. This article addresses the following. First, the concept of bridging studies has proved to be a diplomatic resolution rather than a scientific consensus. Although it facilitated the making of the E5 guideline, it left the problem of putting it into practice. Second, Japan did not wholeheartedly welcome bridging studies; it believed that a transition to spontaneous global trials would soon follow and exhausted its regulatory means to pursue it. Third, Taiwan captured this controversial concept as an ICH outsider, and showed the ICH the feasibility of bridging studies. It further attempted to extend their feasibility to create a multistate trial scheme, thereby keeping its visibility to the ICH. In addition, based on these findings, this article provides a regulatory outlook on pan-Asian clinical trial schemes.


This column discusses the US Environmental Protection Agency's cornerstone report for constructing a plan to address the critical investment need to upgrade the nation's aging water and wastewater infrastructure. Called the 1999 Drinking Water Infrastructure Needs Survey (DWINS), the report concludes that the nation's 55,000 community water systems (CWSs) and 21,400 not‐for‐profit noncommunity water systems (NCWSs) will need to spend at least $150.9 billion over the next 20 years to pay for projects eligible for Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF) assistance to ensure delivery of safe drinking water. This report forms the basis for revising the formula that determines how much each state receives in annual federal grants to capitalize their DWSRFs for the next four years. Besides identifying a total needs figure for the next 20 years, the 1999 DWINS report breaks the numbers down into current and future needs, needs by size and type of system and by type of infrastructure improvement, needs to achieve and maintain compliance with existing and forthcoming SDWA regulations and by individual states and territories as well as American Indian and Alaska Native communities.


Objective To compare the anticoagulant effect between low molecular weight heparin(LMWH) and unfractioned heparin(UFH) after digital replantation. Methods 24 cases of digital replantation were divided into LMWH group (12 cases, 17 digits) and UFH group (12 cases, 19 digits). LMWH (5728anti-Xa IU/d, subcutaneous injection, once a day) was applied in LMWH group; and UFH(12500IU/d) was applied in UFH group. Results PT?APPT?anti-Xa activity and PLT of LMWH group were relatively12.6±3.2s?36.3±9.1s?0.45±0.13IU/ml and (190±52)×10 9/L; PT?APPT?anti-Xa activity and PLT of UFH group was relatively 22.7±5.8s,78.3±20.1s,0.21±0.04IU/ml and (130±46)×10 9/L. 88.2%(15/17)of replanted digits of LMWH group survived, and local hemorrhage was observed in 3 cases; 73.7%(14/19)of UFH group digits were survived, and local hemorrhage was found in 7 cases, systematic hemorrhage was observed in 3 cases. Conclusion The anticoagulant effect of LMWH is better than heparin, and it can prevent the side effect of hemorrhage after digital replantaion.


Background and Aims:Lead is an environmental and public health hazard of global proportions. In case of lead, respiratory intake is a major route of exposure. But there are few studies on the relat...


The second edition of this text is a welcome addition to the literature on orthopaedic trauma. The extensive changes found in this edition reflect the rapid evolution of intramedullary nailing. The early chapters on historical development and …


The spirit of the Chinese nation is deeply rooted in the process of the gradual historical progress and the cultural soil. It is the key soul of the national culture. The Chinese national spirit has been developed and innovated in the course of impartation and inheritance. National spirit needs to be nurtured and borned with cultures of excellence and the regional culture is the basis for the flourishing of the Chinese culture and for the pregnancy of the national spirit. The accumulation and innovation of the traditional Chinese culture and the cultivation and the distillation of the Chinese national spirit are all rooted in the rich cultural accumulation and the fertile soil. Therefore, at present, the research, excavation and development of the regional culture are the important contents for promoting regional, social and economic development and for the construction of advanced culture and the boundless resources to develop and cultivate national spirit.


The concept of spatial coherence wavelet has been introduced some years ago with very productive results. It has given new insight on the fundamental optical phenomena, and has predicted novel light characteristics like polarizations domain and transverse energy transference. The concept of marginal power spectrum emerges as the amplitude of the wavelet and provides a phase-space representation of the optical field in any state of spatial coherence. Its values have energy units and are carried by the spatial coherence wavelets along specific paths or rays. Some of them, called carrier rays, are corresponding to the radiant energy of the field, but the rest, called dark (or tamasic) rays, do not contribute to the radiant energy, i.e. they take on positive and negative values, symmetrically distributed, which are responsible for the constructive and destructive interference after redistributing the radiant energy of the field. This description of interference is illustrated by analyzing the Young experiment, gratings and one-dimensional apertures. Furthermore, the principle of spatial coherence modulation is introduced, showing its feasibility for practical applications in beam shaping.


The aerodynamic performance of flexible airfoil has been simulated using unsteady N-S equation.In this solver,the cell-centered finite volume method in space and dual time stepping method in time are used here.Based on the mesh adaptation technique,the flow around the thin airfoil with traveling wavy wall has been simulated.The results show that the flexible airfoil can restrain the separation phenomena under large angle of attack effectively.Compared with the rigid airfoil,the lift-to-drag ratio has been increased by 35%.The results also provide the further research of flexible airfoil with good theory and numerical simulation foundation.


The single-chained sphingolipid sphingosine is an essential structural lipid and signaling molecule. Abnormal sphingosine metabolism is observed in several diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and Alzheimer's. Despite its biological importance, there are a lack of tools for detecting sphingosine in living cells. This is likely due to the broader challenge of developing highly selective and live-cell compatible affinity probes for hydrophobic lipid species. In this work, we have developed a small molecule fluorescent turn-on probe for labeling sphingosine in living cells. This probe utilizes a selective reaction between sphingosine and salicylaldehyde esters to fluorescently label sphingosine molecules. We demonstrate that this probe exhibits a dose-dependent response to sphingosine and is able to detect endogenous pools of sphingosine. Using our probe, we successfully detected sphingosine accumulation in live Niemann-Pick type C1 (NPC1) patient cells, a lipid transport disorder in which increased sphingosine mediates disease progression. This work provides a simple and accessible method for the detection of sphingosine and should facilitate study of this critical signaling lipid in biology and disease.


OBJECTIVE To explore the bacterial spectrum and drug resistance of the pathogens causing lower respiratory tract infections so as to provide reference for the clinical use of antibiotics.METHODS The sputum specimens were collected from the hospitalized patients with lower respiratory tract infections from Jan 2010 to Jan 2012.The eligible sputum specimens were inoculated to the blood agar plate and the MacConkey tablet for the bacterial culture for 24-48 hours.According to the National Clinical Laboratory Operation Standards,the bacteria were isolated and identified with API identification strips of Bio-Merieux,France.The drug susceptibility testing was performed by using the K-B method,the results were judged by referring to the standards for the operation of K-B for drug susceptibility testing by the NCCLS,2002 edition.RESULTS A total of 873 strains of pathogens were isolated from 1034 eligible sputum specimens with the detection rate of 84.4%,including 517(59.22%) strains of gram-negative bacteria,215(24.63%) strains of fungi,and 141(16.15%) strains of gram-positive bacteria.The results of antimicrobial sensitivity testings showed that the drug resistance rate of the gram-negative bacteria was the lowest to imipenem,followed by amikacin.The gram-positive bacteria were highly sensitive to vancomycin,reaching up to 100.00%.CONCLUSION The gram-negative bacilli are the main pathogens causing the lower respiratory tract infections,followed by fungi and gram-positive bacteria.The bacterial resistance becomes increasingly serious,thus it is necessary to reasonably use antibiotics on the basis of drug susceptibility testing result.


Abstract— A quantitative analysis is made of a linear 4‐step model for photosynthetic O2 evolution in which each photochemical trapping center or an associated enzyme cycles through 5 oxidation states (S0, S1, S2, S3, S4). The overall reaction is: S0→ S4, S4→ S0+ O2, where kd= rate of dark reaction. Based on data obtained with isolated chloroplasts, four aspects were considered: (1) The two perturbations which damp the oscillation of the O2 flash yield in a flash sequence given after a dark period‐(a) a failure rate (α) of the trapping centers in the photochemical conversion ('misses') and (b) double effective excitations in a fraction (8) of the centers which are in the S0 and S1 states ('double hits'). Best fit with the experimental data is obtained for α= 0.1, β=0.05. (2) The kinetics and the mechanism of deactivation—the loss of + charges (O2 precursors) in the dark. The momentary distribution of the four oxidation states (S0‐‐S3) in a sample can be computed from the O2 yields of four consecutive flashes with corrections for a and β. The time course of the various states in the dark following specific preilluminations reveals that deactivation proceeds in single equivalent steps: S3→S2, S2,→S1. S1, itself stable in the dark, is the end product of deactivation. The ground state S0 cannot be formed by deactivation in the dark but is only formed during illumination. (3) The various ratios [S0]/[S1] which can be observed in a sample after deactivation following different preilluminations with flashes or continuous light. (4) The transients of the O2 evolution rate in weak continuous light as observed after deactivation with or without flash preillumination. In all instances satisfactory agreement is found between the observations and the predictions of the model.


A method and apparatus to the receiver 132 which is configured selectively pair to receive a media program encrypted according to the access module with media encryption key and conditions. In one embodiment, apparatus is provided with a security module 508 for changing and receiving a media encryption key, and a transfer module 412 having a decryptor 524 for decrypting the media program. Media encryption key has a portion indicating a second state observable only by a subset of the set of receivers first state or media program capable observed by a set of media programs receiver. .FIELD 5


This paper used the large-scale general-purpose finite element software ANSYS,9 pairs of steel ultra-high-strength concrete short columns finite element model was established,and the non-linear numerical simulation of the SRC column under low cyclic loading tests of was modeled.The damage characteristics,the stress-strain,the crack results,the hysteresis curve of the SRC column on condition of different stirrup reinforcement and different axial load ratio were obtained.Comparison with the experimental values,find corresponded well.


Long‐term potentiation (LTP) is a long‐lasting increase in synaptic strength induced by high frequency stimulation. LTP may participate in learning and memory formation. In many synaptic systems, LTP is dependent on intact function of N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptors. NMDA receptors may be inhibited in different conditions involving also extracellular acidosis. A decrease in the extracellular pH accompanies many pathological states such as ischemia, hypoxia, and the CNS injury. The study was designed to determine whether comparable extracellular acid‐base imbalances are able to interfere with the LTP induction. Hippocampal slices from adult rats were stimulated with high frequency stimulation (1 × 100 Hz/1 s) at Schaffer collateral‐commissural synaptic system in the environment with different pH (6.7–7.8) and the field responses were recorded in CA1. Acidosis was achieved by supplying excessive CO2 or by HCO3‐decrease in standard bicarbonate‐containing buffer or by a direct acidification of the buffer containing Na‐HEPES. Invariably, all forms of acidification suppressed the efficacy of normal, low frequency synaptic transmission and prevented the induction of LTP in a reversible manner; i.e., after reperfusion of the slices at pH 7.3 and restimulation, there was a return of synaptic transmission back to baseline, and a significant amount of LTP occurred. In contrast, alkalization to pH 7.8, although enhancing synaptic transmission efficacy, did not further increase the LTP magnitude compared to control environment with pH 7.3. The results suggest that extracellular acidosis associated with several pathological conditions in the CNS may significantly diminish the LTP induction, and thus negatively affect all physiological processes that utilize LTP. Hippocampus 1998;8:24–32. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Two new species of the genus Criconemoides Taylor, 1936 are described from North India. Criconemoides goodeyi n. sp. is distinguished in having 71-74 body annules, 68-74 μ long spear, distinct head, prominent sublateral lobes, vulva on fourth or fifth and anus on second or third annule from the posterior end and bluntly rounded caudal terminus. Criconemoides complexus n. sp. has 63-70 body annules, 60-70 μ long spear, indistinct head, prominent sublateral lobes, vulva on seventh or eighth and anus on fourth or fifth annule from the posterior end, a distinct spermatheca and bluntly rounded tail.


Extended Abstract
1. INTRODUCTION
Knowledge-based cultural industries are among new economic opportunities for all countries in the 21st century. Cultural industries are parts of economics of new knowledge. Governments promote measures that lead to the support and development of cultural industries. Creative industries have 13 subsets and handicraft is one of them. This article investigates the effective factors in the development of GIVE (KELASH), handicraft of Kordistan, as one of the country's handicrafts. Despite its unique qualities, it has not developed so much.
One of the features of GIVE (KELASH) is that although it is rather expensive, it has innumerable proponents in Kurdish areas. On the other hand, both tools and formation procedure are primitive that cause hardship and serious damage to producer. Model of this product has not changed during years, and if there has been no creativity, it couldn't have attracted the attention of marketplace. In addition, the production process is hard and time-consuming, and the time spent is not economical in comparison with the production cost.
The studies show humane resource need creativity, skills and aptitude, entrepreneurship attitude, ingenuity and motivation. Handicraft producers should use business skills and technology in addition to having a perception of art. This should accompany material and spiritual support of creative individuals and creating a collective and comprehensive workplace so that producers use other's knowledge more and better. On the other hand, changing handicrafts to consumer goods and its entering to family consumption basket, eliminating tourism obstacles, government's support for presence in international markets, formation of cooperation institutes for initial materials, and using others' experiences are effective; indeed, preventing immethodical imports of foreign handicrafts for preventing crisis in this industry is also necessary. Factors such as plurality and distribution of handicrafts units, weak financial condition, and interference of profiteer brokers in providing materials and buying products, makers' ignorance of consumers' taste and new production methods, repetitive design, lack of a trustee and concentrated organization in this industry, competitors and factory products are among the obstacles. Moreover, lack of packing, insufficiency of number, weak advertisement, and bad quality of some goods are some of the weak points.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effective factors in development of KELASH handicrafts. This issue brings about prosperity of handicrafts and leads to gaining resources and producing occupations.
2. METHODOLOGY
The method employed in this research is developmental in terms of objective, qualitative in terms of method, or in other words, case-study and action research using data-based theory, and survey study in terms of data collection method. Open interviews with key knowledgeable individuals in handicrafts area and producers of this industry as well as some active persons in providing facilities to domestic workshops, and active social entrepreneurs in equipment of countrymen were done. In the action research part of the study, data collection and analysis were done alternatively. Analysis was done with the first observation and continued with interview and next observation. The important point was the matter which was referred to in all groups, and that is the fact that conspicuous product should be updated. Manual production procedure, different characteristics of workshops and producers, and protection of cultural authenticity in these two methods were not concordant, and a solution for this consistency was needed to be found in next interviews. Hence, solutions and indications which were presented one by one in the next interviews were gathered in the codification procedure and a good solution for elimination of the problem was proposed.
3. DISCUSION
After investigation and analysis of data, it was concluded that aboriginal knowledge and academic knowledge should be integrated with a standard procedure. Seventy-three categorical phrases were extracted in codification stage. Five elements of model emerged in selective codification stage. There are five steps in selective codification that put five elements of model in a coherent way to formulate a theory.
The first step is determination of central category that shows the main concept of research. The central category or issue is that KELASH is not updated that is a ley factor in lack of improvement of the above mentioned industry. In the next step, the categories around central matter was specified.
4. CONCLUSION
In the present conditions that upper hand documents guide both people and authorities toward resistant economics and reliability on internal capacities and opportunities, development of cultural industries such as handicrafts in Iran, as a cultural and civilized country, is necessary. Therefore, firstly the government should resolutely improve the conditions of this market and develop the mentioned product by using interlopers like media, educational and financial constitutions and make conditions for updating this product. In this condition, determination of government and help of interlopers improve the macro-milieu by humane forces and cultural development.
Achieving the purpose is possible through formation of constitutions and centers such as bunches and rural service centers and other direct measures in internal and near milieu. In this condition, economic, social, cultural, and environmental accomplishments resulted from the development of mentioned industry will appear and it is a step toward permanent development. This research proves that even a small and local handicraft in Iran has the capacity of being a huge and national industry and plays an effective role in economics and culture of country.


Objective:To analyse the relationship between the misdiagnosis of Wilson's disease and its clinical manifestation,and improve the early diagnosis of Wilson's disease.Methods:152 patients of Wilson's disease were explored to retrospective analysis the relationships between the misdiagnosis and gender,age,and the main clinical manifestations.Results:(1)Family history was closely associated with the misdiagnosis(P0.05).No significant associations were found between the misiagnosis and gender,age;(2)Lower misdiagnosis rate(32.14%) were found in the patients with nervous symptoms compared with that of non-nervous symptoms(P0.05);(3)The misdiagnosis rate in the patients with multi-organs impairment(4.55%)was significantly lower than that of single organ impairment(56.92%)(P0.05).Conclusions:The diversify of clinical manifestations of Wilson's disease is related to misdiagnosis;Positive family history,nervous symptoms and multiorgans impairment will be helpful to reduce the misdiagnosis rate.


Seismic data and stratigraphic projections indicate that an entirely different facies exists in Area 4 in the Mediterranean Sea south of Malta than the continuous carbonate sequence of the Malta platform. Japan National Oil Corp., in September 1989 under authority of the government of Malta, conducted a 3,615 line km geophysical survey (seismic, gravity, magnetics) in Area 4, which comprises about 13,000 sk km and is 40 km south of Malta. The paper describes the geology of Malta Area 4, its inferred stratigraphy, seismic results, and potential geologic traps.


The behavior of reading food labels is one of the Balanced Nutrition Messages. How to find out the safety of packaged food to be purchased by looking at food labels, but awareness of the importance of reading labels is still low. Nutrition students at STIKes Baiturrahim obtained courses related to food labeling and to make conclusions about the extent to which nutrition students understand and practice food labels, then a comparison group was made of non- nutrition students. The aim of this study was to found the differences in knowledge and behavior in reading food labels between nutrition and non-nutrition students at STIKes Baiturrahim. This study used a cross sectional study design that was conducted at STIKes Baiturrahim Jambi in May 2019. The research respondents were final year students at STIKes Baiturrahim from a group of 70 nutrition and non-nutrition students with a purposive sampling technique. Data collection uses a questionnaire about knowledge about food labels and food label reading behavior. Data were then analyzed using the Mann Whitney test for food label knowledge and the Independent Sample t-test for reading food label behavior. The results showed that there were no differences in knowledge and behavior in reading food labels between nutrition and non-nutrition students with p-values of each variable 0,203 and 0,554. For further research, it can be continued with the same or different variables by taking a variable on one of the food label information that is on food packaging with a more in- depth research method (qualitative).


Background: Local anesthetics and dextrose independently decrease the incidence of pruritus when added to an intrathecal fentanyl solution. This study examines the incidence and severity of pruritus after administration of fentanyl with saline, hyperbaric local anesthetic, isobaric local anesthetic, or dextrose.Methods: 100 parturients were randomized in a double-blinded manner to receive an intrathecal injection of: (1) fentanyl 25 g in 0.25 mL normal saline; (2) fentanyl 25 g plus isobaric bupivacaine 1.9 mg; (3) fentanyl 25 g plus hyperbaric bupivacaine 1.9 mg; or (4) fentanyl 25 g plus dextrose 20 mg. Ten, 20, and 30-minutes after intrathecal injection, patients were asked to rate intensity of pruritus (face, arm, hand, or torso) and pain using a 100 mm visual analog scale. Highest sensory level of block achieved was measured.Results: There was significantly less pruritus in the hyperbaric bupivacaine group at 10 (p=0.002 vs control), 20 (p=0.002 vs control and p=0.03 vs. isobaric group), and 30 (p=0.002 vs control and p=0.03 vs. isobaric group) minutes. Sensory level was lowest in the hyperbaric group. Conclusion: Hyperbaric bupivacaine reduces both the incidence and severity of pruritus associated with intrathecal fentanyl in laboring parturients when compared to the isobaric formulation. Attribution & Funding: This work should be attributed to the Department of Anesthesiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine. No external funding was received. The authors would like to acknowledge the contributions of research assistants Garnet Priest, Chris Jackson, and Paige Preece.


Worldwide anthropogenic activities continuously produce and release hundreds of potentially toxic chemicals that contaminate ecosystems, leaving devastating effects on the environment and living beings, humans included [...]


Abstrcat In order to solve the problem of seepage in both the left and right abutment after impound, the method of "Two bore and one grasping", has been introduced and impervious wall has been built in the abutments. The thickness of the impervious wall is 40 cm with the maximal height of 37 m. The construction techniques of the impervious wall and the technical experience that has been gained in the engineering are introduced in the paper.


In this article, the authors tried to clarify such new financial instrument for Russia as securitization. Despite numerous association of this term with security services, securitization has nothing in common with protection and insurance. Securitization is a technique of attraction financial flow through issuance of securities. The authors has mentioned the different types of securitization and described the peculiarities each of them. The roles of all stakeholders in the process of securitization were also described. The main part of the work was devoted to study of the profitable benefits of this financial procedure for all actors. Particular attention in this case was paid to companies, investors and the state. In conclusion, the authors summarized that, in Russia, securitization as a mechanism could not function properly because of the lack of legal basis.


With the increasing age of the population, cerebrovascular accidents, or "strokes" have become a major problem. Although they are the third commonest cause of death the majority of people survive their stroke, and live on, partially paralysed and dependent on their families. It has been estimated that there are over 1,000,000 hemiplegics in the U.S.A. (Covalt, 1952), and in proportion that would mean over 300,000 in Great Britain. The immediate fate of the patient depends upon the type of lesion, its size and site and the presence of other complications. The major causes are thrombosis, usually associated with hypertension and arterio-sclerosis, embolism, and cerebral heemorrhage. Compression of vessels due to space-occupying lesions, bacterial and myotic infections, and functional conditions are rarer causes, and here the hemiplegia is essentially a secondary condition. Direct trauma, and thrombosis secondary to intercranial operations can be considered along with non-traumatic hemiplegia, but not the progressive conditions such as disseminated sclerosis. If a major vessel has been affected, or there has been a large hsemorrhage due to a ruptured aneurysm, the patient may die rapidly, but most subjects recover from their acute attack. The onset may be insidious, and frequently cerebral thrombosis develops during sleep, the patient being unaware until attempting to get out of bed in the morning. More commonly it is acute and accompanied by loss of consciousness, shock, and evidence of brain damage. Initially the affected limb and side of face are flaccid with absent tendon reflexes. After an interval of up to one month muscle tone increases, the affected muscles become spastic and reflexes become exaggerated. The initial neurological signs improve and the final pattern is determined by the irreversible damage done. Spontaneous improvement may continue for months, but unless the cause was a transient spasm, or the blockage of a minor vessel in an otherwise normal brain, the patient is left with some motor, sensory or emotional disability. If the dominant hemisphere has been affected speech and writing defects may be troublesome and persistent.


We illustrate some of the challenges and potential bene fits of modelling parasite population dynamics in a spatially explicit manner, using the exam ple of Echinococcus multilocularis in semi-arid areas of Kazakhstan. We show that by taking a par site-focussed approach to modelling population dynamics, rather than the usual host-fo cussed approach, we gain new insights into the complex factors that affect parasite transmission. However, restrictive assumptions are required in order to use RAMAS GIS for mo delling parasite ecology. For example, because the host is modelled as habitat, parasi te-induced mortality must be negligible. Although these assumptions are probably valid i n our case, they are unlikely to apply to many host-parasite systems. Introduction There has been an increasing realisation of the import ance of incorporating spatial dynamics into models of the transmission dynamics of parasites and infectious diseases, particularly when hosts are free-living in the wild (Mollison & Levi n 1995, Hess 1996, Kennedy 2001, Hudson et al., 2002). Spatial variation in parasite prevale nces can reflect complex interactions between climatic suitability for free-l iving stages and host ecology (including host movement patterns, population dynamics and the exten t to which primary and secondary host distributions overlap). Echinococcus multilocularis is a tapeworm which has wild carnivores as its definiti ve hosts and small mammals as its intermediate hosts (Eckert e t al. 2001, Fig. 1). It is widespread throughout the Northern hemisphere, and causes fatal dise se in humans if eggs are accidentally ingested. In Kazakhstan E. multilocularis has been found in 18 rodent species and 4 carnivore species (mostly in foxes). Its prevalenc e depends strongly on the biome (Fig. 2). This is chiefly because egg survival is strongly related to humidity and temperature (Eckert et al. 2001); under optimal conditions (4°C and high h umidity) eggs can remain viable for up to 16 months. Temperatures in desert areas of K azakhstan can reach 40°C in the summer, with very low humidity; under these condition s eggs are not likely to survive for more than a few hours. Hence extensive field surveys in a rid areas of Kazakhstan only found infected rodents in patches with a humid microclimate, such as depressions or river valleys (Shaikenov & Torgerson, 2001). In mountains or river valley s, up to 8% of rodents examined were infected, and around 30% of carnivores. By contrast, i n desert areas <1% prevalence was found in both rodents and foxes.


The Northern Front Range Air Quality Study concluded that for the Denver metropolitan area during 1996 and 1997, 55% of particles with an aerodynamic diameter 50% cutpoint of 2.5 μm (PM2.5) were attributable to motor vehicle exhaust particulates. The health effects of PM2.5 are currently unknown, but are under investigation. It is of vital interest to understand the chemistry, morphology, size distribution and microstructure of motor vehicle exhaust. The techniques of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) appear to be well suited for the analysis of the microstructure, morphology and microchemical composition of particulate matter. Previous electron microscopy observations of particulate matter from a variety of sources have found that the chemical composition and crystal structure are characteristics of the source of the particles. As part of an ongoing research project into the health effects of motor vehicle particulate matter, Southwest Research Institute (SWRI) is performing chassis dynamometer tests of a variety of vehicles and collecting samples from the exhaust stream for analysis.


Discloses a method of crosslinking the elastomer composition used in the presence of an organic peroxide formulation. The organic peroxide formulation may comprise additional compounds, which compounds are selected from di-, tri- and higher polymaleimide, di-, tri- and higher poly citraconimide, peroxide crosslinkable silicone elastomers, organic compounds based on phenylenediamine antiozonants, sulfur, and polysulfide polymer, wherein the sulfur-containing organic compound is a sulfur curable by / sulfur crosslinkable polymer curing (crosslinking) accelerator. Also disclosed is a method for producing the elastomeric article, a mold fouling is reduced, elastomeric compositions, and articles prepared from these elastomeric elastomeric composition.


Growing evidence indicates that climate change has significant impacts on crop production. However, the spatial variability and extent of the impacts on N concentrations in crops have yet to be explicitly described, although N concentration is a critical element of both the nutritional value of food and the planning of appropriate field management procedures. We present multi‐tiered evidence showing that warming increases N concentration in rice and reduces internal N use efficiency (iNUE), thereby increasing N uptake in crops and encouraging greater N fertilizer use. First, we mapped current N concentrations and iNUE for single‐season irrigation paddy rice production in 975 counties across China using data from 1,637 on‐farm experiments and Random Forest regression modeling. Current N concentrations in rice grain and straw have increased with increasing temperatures from northern to southern China. The global meta‐analysis provided further direct evidence that warming increases N concentration in rice. Future warming projections indicate that N concentrations in grain will increase by 5%–9.6% and that iNUE will decrease by 9%–14% under scenarios RCP4.5 and RCP 8.5 although higher CO2 and other factors may also affect N concentrations. Overall, these data demonstrate that N uptake by rice will need to increase by 7.8%–13.6% to maintain current grain yields across China based on warming alone. Our findings indicate that warming associated with increase in N concentration and reduction in iNUE would be expected to encourage N application, raise the urgency of measures to prevent excessive N application, and stronger counteracting measures need to be enacted.


Once a primary cDNA clone has been isolated by traditional methods, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can be used to facilitate isolation of the entire cDNA sequence from a library. Sequence from a primary clone is used to design specific primers to extend the clone in both 5'- and 3'-directions; external primers are derived from sequences flanking the insertion site in the vector. We have screened several λgt11 cDNA libraries with this method and have isolated the full coding sequence for the Charcot-Leyden crystal (CLC) protein of the human eosinophilic leukocyte


We report on an update of the test on the rotation of the plane of linear polarization for light traveling over cosmological distances, using a comparison between the measured direction of the UV polarization in eight radio galaxies at z>2 and the direction predicted by the model of scattering of anisotropic nuclear radiation, which explains the polarization. No rotation is detected within a few degrees for each galaxy and, if the rotation does not depend on direction, then the all-sky-average rotation is constrained to be θ = −0.°8 ± 2.°2. We discuss the relevance of this result for constraining cosmological birefringence when this is caused by the interaction with a cosmological pseudo-scalar field or by the presence of a Cherns–Simons term.


The prevalence of corneal ectasias such as keratoconus has been widely documented. Keratoconus may lead to detrimental changes in visual acuity, which can often be corrected in the early stages but requires more invasive treatment as the condition progresses. Corneal cross-linking has become a treatment method of choice in early keratoconic patients and is used to stabilise the condition and prevent further progression of the disease. The principle behind this procedure is the creation of additional bonds within the corneal structure in order to enhance its mechanical properties and thereafter halt the progression of the condition. There are disagreements within the literature as to how these procedures can be performed, and there are various alternative methods. It can be concluded that corneal cross-linking is an effective treatment method for keratoconus and has been shown to produce various beneficial effects in terms of ocular structure and function.


We use the experience of ex-socialist countries to examine the role of macro, meso and micro institutions in catch up/fall behind growth. Greater experience of state-level government fosters growth; the extent of socialist entrenchment measured by years under socialism hurts it; and joining the EU boosts it. The higher than OECD level of human capital at transition is not sufficient to overcome the self-serving behavior of old socialist elite/new opaque business networks that emerge to exploit the complex environment upon communism's collapse. Accepting and implementing the European Union regulations and norms upon joining it permits building of transparent networks and lifts growth. Human capital is the most important factor for growth, not total factor productivity. Suggesting dichotomy between institutions and human capital is misleading. Skilled labor needs right institutions to create value it is capable of - institutions' effect on growth is channeled through human capital.


Activation of a physiological response by the adenylate cyclase activator, forskolin, has been suggested as a new criterion for testing the role of cyclic AMP. In Aplysia, motoneurone B16, which innervates muscle 15, is activated by the peptide egg‐laying hormone (ELH). In high magnesium‐low calcium medium, used to block synaptic activity, forskolin produced a similar response to ELH. Forskolin, at a concentration of 100 μm, consistently activated the ELH‐sensitive neurone; vehicle produced no response while 30 μm forskolin usually produced lower levels of activity than 100 μm. The data are consistent with cyclic AMP mediation of the ELH response.


COVID-19 risk-reduction efforts have protected high-risk individuals (including older adults) but have significantly altered life; persons now face reduced socialization. Advancing technologies (e.g., video-chat) may be useful in alleviating consequences of risk-reduction efforts, including loneliness, by improving access to alternative connection/communication across the lifespan. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between technology use and individuals as this may contribute to well-being among older adults during COVID-19 and future isolating events. Participants (N=652) aged 19+ completed a questionnaire via Amazon Mechanical Turk; demographic, socialization, and technology-use data were collected. Respondents (MAge=45.15±15.81) were generally male (50.1%) and white (77.3%). In-person communication and video-chat were analyzed descriptively and with binary regressions. Results of a Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks Test indicated that video-chat (mean rank=228.45) was reported at higher frequency of use versus in-person conversations (mean-rank=202.48), Z=-4.8,p<.001). Additionally, being female positively predicted use of video chat (B=0.42,p<.05) while increasing age negatively predicted use (B=-0.01,p<.05). Regression results suggest that populations reporting higher video-chat communication (e.g., females, younger adults) may be motivated by maintaining social connectedness despite distancing and/or are committed to healthy behaviors, increasing aversion to in-person experiences. In contrast, it may be that persons reporting low video-chat use (e.g., males, older adults) may be less interested in distanced communication or may have lower technology comfort/access. Notably, sampling bias may influence results as data was collected online; future investigation is warranted. Ultimately, understanding interest in and barriers to using technology is vital to developing systems/services which support connection/communication when in-person contact is limited.


Nowadays it is said that marketingismanagingprofitable customerrelationships. In aworld whereproduct lifecyclesare shortening day by day, products beingreplaced faster with others, the marketingparadigmmust changetoo.When the replacement of the products issucceedingat this rate,it was obviousthat theunitvalueremainsthe relationship with the clients.Not incidentallyPhilipKotlersaidthatmodern marketingshould focusonrelationshipsand nottransactions. Therefore, companies must constantly evaluatethe degreeof satisfaction ofcustomersand respondpromptly toanysignsof dissatisfactionfrom them. Firmsshould not forgetthat the sensitive core of their businessis the client, and ifhisinterestsareneglected, businesscan not last.


Deputy Inspector Raymond A. Dahl is Director of the Police Training School of the Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Police Department. Inspector Dahl joined the department in 1934 and has been promoted through various grades to that of Deputy Inspector in January 1950. He has served in the Police Training Division since 1937 and in November 1949 was appointed to his present assignment. Inspector Dahl attended the University of Minnesota, is a graduate of the FBI National Police Academy, and has completed special courses at Northwestern University Traffic Institute. This article was delivered as an address at the National Railway Police Academy, Chicago, Illinois, June 1951.-EDITOR.


The study aims to inform the public of the impact of Syrian refugees on the social, cultural and economic aspects of Maan Governorate. Official statistics state the existence of 1,541 Syrian refugee families in Maan, amounting to 6,607 persons at the time of the study. The percentage accounts for 2% of total Syrian refugees in the country and 6% of Maan's population. The refugees in question do not live in standalone camps or an independent community but in the local communities. This fact facilitates their social interaction with the local community, especially given the compatibility between the two populations in terms of religion and ethnicity. Consequently, many refugees started to integrate, though partially, in the local communities. Their integration has taken place thanks to labor relations and stronger ties in the community, such as intermarriages. However, it is apparent that the two populations still have some cultural differences. Such differences incurred an invisible cost manifested in the form of direct and indirect impacts on the governorate. The abrupt demographic growth is putting more pressure on the infrastructure and public facilities, particularly education, electricity, water and health care, and especially on the labor market. In light of this situation, the study searches to find the cultural, social, and economic impacts of Syrian refugees on the Maan Governorate. The study describes the demographic, social, cultural, and economic characteristics of Syrian refugees living in Maan. It will also define the nature of social capital between Syrians and Jordanians. Additionally, the study shows that Syrians have had a significant impact on the labor market in the Maan Governorate, and the following discussions will describe the positive and negative impacts. Finally, the study will address findings concerning the Jordanian mindset and conception of how refugees affect their home country. From the findings of this study on the Maan Governorate, using both quantitative and qualitative measures, decision makers and refugee assistance organizations will be able to better assist Syrians who are integrating into Jordanian communities. Additionally, the research serves to show where Jordanian communities can improve on societal infrastructure to better improve the livelihood for both Jordanians and Syrians because the Syrian crisis will have a prolonged effect.


Although the end of the year and the busy holiday season is fast upon us, please save time in your calendar to participate in the Friday Café that Friends will sponsor on December 6, our annual Holiday Lunch, December 10, and/or our second Friends Dinner Social, December 12, and/or join in any of our regular ongoing activities. Please consider inviting your friends as well, so we may all enjoy the vibrancy of a growing community. Traditionally, December is a month of giving and we hope very much that you will consider giving your time and opening your home to participate in our Hospitality-at-Home pro-gram—how wonderful to share your holiday traditions with a visiting scholar. To participate, please e-mail: katya@san. rr.com. Of course, it is also the season of gift giving and financial donations of all sizes are greatly appreciated. The gift of international friendships cannot be overstated. My husband and I recently returned from a wonderful vacation we took in order to participate in one of Central Mexico's holidays: Dia de los Muertos. Our experience was incredibly rich because of the hospitality of locals willing to share their lives, so that we could better understand the many incanta-tions of this holiday. While one can learn much by reading, one cannot learn the finer nuances of a culture, and especially the language, without personal guidance. This distinction is difficult to learn by book, and I encourage everyone to share the many nuances of life in America with our international visitors whenever the opportunity arises. Throughout our travels we are reminded of the importance personal connections play, not only while experiencing a new culture, but also in our daily lives. No matter the length, it is these connections that give rise to the lasting impressions that permeate our memory and create the rich fabric of our lives. I wish you and yours happy holidays filled with abundant connections. Our annual Holiday Lunch is always a special time to visit with our members and enjoy a festive lunch. This year it will be better than ever. With the generous sponsorship of the International Center's Dean Kirk Simmons, it will be free of charge to both Friends members and staff! We all thank Kirk and the Center for this generosity , especially appropriate at this time of year. We will gather in the dining room on Tuesday December 10, at noon to enjoy a …


By using the methods of gas chromatography-mass spectrometer analysis,the geochemical characteristics of rock samples of the Sinian-lower Palaeozoic in middle-southeast of Sichuan Basin were analyzed.Based on the characteristics of saturated hydrocarbon chromatogram and its biomarkers,the biogenetic derivation and sedimentary environment of source rocks in this area were investigated in detail.The research indicates that the depositional setting of source rocks is mainly oxygen-free environment containing salinity,and the biology comes from homoneneae of low hydrobios,and reservoir bitumen is mainly originated from mudstones.The reservoir bitumen is from originated Sinian-lower Palaeozoic in Cambrian mudstone in central Sichuan basin,and reservoir bitument in southeast Sichuan basin is mixture of Cambrian and Silurian mudstones.


A total of 27 Pelibuey non-castrated male lambs, in the growing-fattening stage, with an initial average weight of 19,9 kg, were used with the objective of studying three inclusion levels of chicken litter of coffee shells in the diet: T1) 0 g/kg LW; T2) 12 g/kg LW and T3) 20 g/kg LW. The animals remained grazing 6,5 hours each day and at the end of it they were offered the supplement of chicken dung plus 6 g of final molasses/kg LW. Ninety days after the beginning of the test the final live weight (T1: 27,0; T2; 29,0 and T3: 30,8 kg) had increased significantly (P<0,01) as the rate of chicken dung increased; the same happened with the mean daily gain (77, 103 and 118 g/lamb/day), which differed for P<0,001. In the animals that did not consume chicken dung the weight of the carcass (12,7; 13,9 and 14,6 kg), the heart (106, 134 and 138 g) and the kidneys (79, 106 and 110 g) was significantly lower (P<0,05) as compared to treatments 2 and 3, and between these two there were no significant differences. The weight of the liver (537, 555 and 562 g) and the empty stomach (897, 948 and 966 g) did not show significant differences according to the supplemented rate of chicken dung. It is concluded that the supply of chicken dung on coffee shells improved significantly the productive indicators of the animals, without compromising their health or the chemical composition and acceptability of the meat, for which the use of chicken dung on coffee shells is recommended as supplement in the diet of grazing growing-fattening sheep.


A HPLC method for the determination of the content of Arctiin in Arctium lappa L.was established.A Agilent TC-C18 column(5 μm 4.6×250 mm)was used with Methanol-Water(48:52) as mobile phase.The flow rate was 1.0 mL·min-1.Content was detected at a wavelength of 280 nm.The linear range was 0.420~42.000 μg/mL,r=0.9998.The average recovery rate was 114.43%.The method was simple,accurate and reproductive.


I hereby certify that this material, which I now submit for assessment on the programme leading to the award of the degree of Professional Master of Education, is entirely my own work and has not been taken from the work of others, save to the extent that such work has been cited and acknowledged within the text of my work. I further declare that this dissertation has not been submitted as an exercise for a degree at this Institute and any other Institution or University. I agree that the Marino Institute of Education library may lend or copy the thesis, in hard or soft copy, upon request.


PT. Harapan Sawit Lestari Cargill still has undisciplined workers. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of work discipline and the factors that influence the Work Discipline of Oil Palm Harvesters at PT. Harapan Sawit Lestari Cargill Ketapang. The method used in this research is a descriptive quantitative method using 100 respondents taken by positive sampling and data analysis used is Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) Lisrell software 8.80. The results are the level of discipline of oil palm harvest workers at PT. Harapan Sawit Lestari Cargill Ketapang is categorized as good. Variables that influence discipline are the leader justice retribution and firmness. PT. Harapan Sawit Lestari Cargill Lestari must pay attention to the level of labor discipline by conducting direct supervision. The foreman must be more assertive and fair to undisciplined workers who are given punishment or sanctions to provide a deterrent effect. Workers who obey the rules are given rewards in bonuses to motivate other workers not to violate. Treatment of workers must provide health facilities in adequate health insurance.


Among non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques applied to structural health monitoring in existing timber structures, ranging from visual inspection to more sophisticated analysis, acoustic emission (AE) is currently seldomly used to detect mechanical stresses in wooden building assets. This paper presents the results from a systematic literature review on AE NDT applied to monitor micro and macro fracture events in softwood, specifically Scots pine. This survey particularly investigates its application with respect to the tree rings density and grain angle inspection, as influencing factors well correlated with physical and mechanical characteristics of wood. The literature review was performed in a three-step process defined by the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) flow diagram, leading to the selection of 31 documents from different abstract and citation databases (Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar). The outcomes have highlighted how laboratory experiments, including several types of tests (tensile, cutting, compressive, etc.), were conducted in most cases, while a very limited number of studies investigated on in situ monitoring. In addition, theoretical approaches were often explored in parallel with the experimental one. It emerges that—for tree ring density studies—a multi-technique approach, which may include microscopic observations, could be more informative. Indeed, although not widely investigated, high/low tree ring density and grain angle were found as influencing factors on the AE parameters detected by the sensors, during condition and structural health monitoring experiments.


Due to the conventional sequential programming model, the Instruction-Level Parallelism (ILP) that modern superscalar processors can explore is inherently limited. Hence, multithreading architectures have been proposed to exploit Thread-Level Parallelism (TLP) in addition to conventional ILP. By issuing and executing instructions from multiple threads at each clock cycle, Simultaneous MultiThreading (SMT) achieves some of the best possible system resource utilization and accordingly higher instruction throughput. In this chapter, the authors describe the origin of SMT microarchitecture, comparing it with other multithreading microarchitectures. They identify several key aspects for high-performance SMT design: fetch policy, handling long-latency instructions, resource sharing control, synchronization and communication. They also describe some potential benefits of SMT microarchitecture: SMT for faulttolerance and SMT for secure communications. Given the need to support sequential legacy code and emerge of new parallel programming model, we believe SMT microarchitecture will play a vital role as we enter the multi-thread multi/many-core processor design era.


The invention relates to systems and methods for district heating using heat pump installations. The proposed heating system comprises a boiler (1), in the duct which is situated superheater (2) that closes on the network heaters (12) and (13), the contour of the forward and return water, heating circuit with three stages (14), (15) and (16) of the heat pump and the heat transfer unit (17) connected to the final stage of heat (16) circuit of the heating system and the feedback loop chilled water network, which is equipped with the well (18) for accumulation in soils thicker excess chilled water network. For heating the cooled heating water in a boiler flue (1) is mounted Saver network (6). For storage period in interheating heated mains water, direct system water circuit is equipped with a thermally insulated reservoir (19). The utility model can improve the utilization of energy for heating the coolant, to raise the level of heat transfer to the consumer, to accumulate and store the low-temperature heat transfer medium, to accumulate and store high-temperature coolant in interheating period, remove the seasonal cycle of its consumption. 18 s. n. f ly-1-yl.


"[Children] master their own story first, then tackle someone else's [1]." How do we intentionally place students at the centre of the curriculum? What is the value of incorporating the lived experience of all who share the classroom space? The imaginative act of telling one's story is tied to voice, and educators must help children find their voice, especially those who hitherto have been ignored. Sharing theory, practice and examples from my own teaching experience as a senior secondary school educator, and three different student projects involving autobiography as curriculum in arts and literature courses, I hope to demonstrate the value of such a practice of storytelling in its various incarnations. In all cases transformative learning takes place. Students are opened up to new perspectives and understandings, connect to others, engage in meaningful dialogue, and create open and safe spaces that value diversity, and the importance of all who enter the classroom.


The present invention relates to a channel quality information correction, and a resource allocation method and apparatus in a wireless communication system, a resource allocation method for a base station in a wireless communication system according to the present invention includes the steps of looking at receiving a message, measured from the terminal, the measurement report on the basis of the message, in the first subframe reported calculating a possible first amount of data sent for the terminal, wherein the measurement on the basis of the message and the first amount of data, the second sub-frame can be transmitted to said terminal 2 according to the steps of calculating the amount of data, and the type of the sub-frame to the scheduling, characterized in that it comprises the step of: based on the first data amount or a second data amount allocated resources to the UE.


Retinal degeneration often results in the loss of light‐sensing photoreceptors, which leads to permanent vision loss. Generating transplantable retinal photoreceptors using human somatic cell‐derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) holds promise to treat a variety of retinal degenerative diseases by replacing the damaged or dysfunctional native photoreceptors with healthy and functional ones. Establishment of effective methods to produce retinal cells including photoreceptors in chemically defined conditions using current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP)‐manufactured human iPSC lines is critical for advancing cell replacement therapy to the clinic. In this study, we used a human iPSC line (NCL‐1) derived under cGMP‐compliant conditions from CD34+ cord blood cells. The cells were differentiated into retinal cells using a small molecule‐based retinal induction protocol. We show that retinal cells including photoreceptors, retinal pigmented epithelial cells and optic cup‐like retinal organoids can be generated from the NCL‐1 iPSC line. Additionally, we show that following subretinal transplantation into immunodeficient host mouse eyes, retinal cells successfully integrated into the photoreceptor layer and developed into mature photoreceptors. This study provides strong evidence that transplantable photoreceptors can be generated from a cGMP‐manufactured human iPSC line for clinical applications. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2018;7:210–219


The LiCH2PPh2═NPh derivative 2 was cleanly prepared from the aminophosphonium salt [PhNH−PPh3+][Br−] (1) and MeLi. After formation of the iminophosphorane PPh3═NPh, nucleophilic displacement of one phenyl ring of the P atom by a methyl group occurred. This sequence was demonstrated to highly depend on the experimental conditions and on the substituent pattern at the nitrogen atom. Then, 2 was reacted with various electrophiles, among which phosphine chlorides, silyl chloride, stannyl chloride, and cyanophosphole, leading to bifunctional ligands. Depending on the electrophiles, the products were isolated either as the aminophosphonium salts or the iminophosphorane derivatives. All of these products were characterized by multinuclear NMR spectrocopy and in two cases by X-ray analysis. In particular, reaction of 2 with S8 gave rise to the thiolate derivative (LiSCH2PPh2═NPh) (9), which was subsequently coordinated to Pd(II) and Ru(II) metal centers to give respectively [(PhNPPh2CH2S)Pd(PPh3)Cl] and [(PhNPPh2...


Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is the final common end point of multiple disease processes. It results from a complex interplay of structural, metabolic, and genetic determinants. Although epidemiological risk factors such as age, prior myocardial infarction, and low ejection fraction are well established, this syndrome also has a strong genetic component. An understanding of the genetic contributions to risk could add substantially to the prediction and prevention of SCD. In this review, we explore the epidemiology, heritability, and allelic architecture of SCD and provide a detailed overview of the genetics of inherited electrophysiological and structural heart diseases that are potent risk factors for SCD.

Each year, SCD claims >300 000 lives in the United States.1 Most cases, ≈80%, are related to underlying coronary artery disease. Fewer cases, ≈10% to 15%, are associated with an underlying nonischemic myopathic process such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) or dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Approximately 5% are estimated to have a primary defect of cardiac electrophysiology (eg, long-QT syndrome [LQTS] or Brugada syndrome [BS]).2

At the population level, the conventional cardiac risk factors are powerful risk factors for SCD. For example, diabetes mellitus is associated with a marked increase in risk of SCD (odds ratio=1.7 without microvascular disease; odds ratio=2.7 with microvascular disease).3 Among subjects with known coronary artery disease, smoking is linked to an increase in risk of SCD (hazard ratio=2.5).4 In a multivariate analysis from the Paris Prospective Study, a 42-mg/dL increase in total cholesterol (1 SD of the sample variation) was associated with a 23% increased risk of SCD. In the same analysis, an increase of 20 mm Hg in systolic blood pressure was associated with a 23% increase in the risk of SCD.5 Furthermore, data from the Framingham Heart Study demonstrate that left ventricular hypertrophy is a risk …


The paper aimed at surveying wildlife roadkills in the West Bank Governorates-Palestine from January 2016 till January 2017. The present survey results, thirteen target wildlife species were recorded, of which eight mammals and five reptiles corresponding to 78 (58%), and 56 (42%) accordingly. The mammal's species, include the following Species (Procavia capensis, Erinaceus concolor, Vulpes ruppellii, Hyaena hyaena, Sus scrofa, Gazella gazelle, Hystrix indica, and Lepus capensis), and the reptiles, Species include (Testudo graeca, Chamaeleo chamaeleon, Vipera paleastinae, Hemorrhois nummifer and, dolichophis jugularis). The roadkills of mammalian species were higher in number (78) individuals when compared with the roadkills of reptiles species (56). The females were dominating among mammal's roadkills, and males were dominating among the recorded reptile's roadkills. The maximum frequency of road-kills was in the spring and summer months of the years, while the lowest frequency was during the autumn and winter months of October–March.


and the wire placed between the teeth. As a rule tolerance for an hour or more presupposes favourable conditions. I have several times introduced the capsule after a morphine-scopolamine injection, the head being lightly supported during the seance, and found the patient able to bear it an hour to an hour and a half—a much shorter time than is given in gynaecology. The larynx reacted markedly during the first few days after the application especially if carcinoma were present and oedema sometimes appeared. It is well to avoid in the larynx a longer seance than an hour and a, half. A definite effect showed itself in each case. The carcinoma became smaller, but no cure resulted. The growth recurred and the gland metastases were unaffected. Carcinomatous glands should always be removed as they are uninfluenced by mesothorium. It appears to me that laryngeal cancer, even flatcelled epithelioma, is not nearly so hopeful as carcinoma of the uterus. Kahler has used the suspension hook before external operation {laryngo-fissure or total extirpation) and has infiltrated the parts in the hypopharynx with cocaine and adrenaline. He claims it lessens hasmorrhage.


former's regular 'What's new in digital preservation' feature perhaps providing an excellent starting point. Recent projects such as SPRUCE have demonstrated the potential of this type of approach. Such an initiative could aspire to a breadth and depth beyond the reach of any individual, however diligent, and a utility which the printed form could never match. The regrettably defunct PADI website, previously maintained by the National Library of Australia, has perhaps hitherto come closest to fulfilling such a need. In the meantime, this publication provides a useful, but frustratingly patchy, guide.


To improve the performance of a single-pass combine used to harvest corn grain and stover, the flail chopper used to process the stover on previous harvester iterations was replaced with forage harvester feedroll and cutterhead components. These precision-cut components improved material flow and combine performance. The change from the flail chopper to the precision-cut stover processor increased area productivity from 1.4 to 2.2 ha/h, decreased specific fuel consumption from 33.4 to 20.9 L/ha and decreased grain lost to the stover from 8.2 to 3.9%. Despite the improvements in combine performance, the single-pass stover system was 39% less productive than the conventional grain harvest system and was challenged by difficulties with handling and transporting grain and stover at the same time. To overcome these problems, an alternative approach was considered where windrows of stover were formed at the time of grain harvest, followed by stover harvest in a second-pass. Modifications were made to a corn head to gather the stalks and leaves and formed them into a windrow. The cob and husk were then placed on top of the windrow as this material was ejected from the rear of the combine. Because the cob was placed on top of the windrow at formation, 94% of the available cob was harvested with this two-pass system, compared to 48% for the conventional system which used shredding and raking stover after grain harvest. Because the two-pass system did not involve forming windrows by displacing stover across the ground, the ash content was 40% less than with conventional stover harvest practices. The area productivity at grain harvest of the two-pass system was 9% less than the conventional harvest system. Total specific fuel use to harvest grain and stover for the single- and two-pass systems was 1.38 and 1.81 L/Mg DM harvested, respectively. This difference may be reduced in the future if larger windrows are formed by merging to better match the capacity of the forage harvester. The particle-size of the stover harvested in a second pass with a forage harvester was 54% smaller than single-pass stover because a shorter length-of-cut could be used. The two-pass system required two fewer operations compared to conventional stover harvest practices. The formation of windrows at grain harvest allows for manipulation of moisture by field curing and may make packaging in dry bales possible compared to the single-pass system.


A linear order is n-decidable if its universe is and the relations determined byn formulas are uniformly computable. This means that there is a computable procedure which, when applied to an formula ϕ(¯ x) and a se- quence ¯ a of elements of the linear order, will determine whether or not ϕ(¯ a) is true in the structure. A linear order is decidable if the relations determined by all formulas are uniformly computable. These definitions suggest two questions. Are there, for each n, n-decidable lin- ear orders that are not (n + 1)-decidable? Are there linear orders that are n- decidable for all n but not decidable? The former was answered in t he positive by Moses in 1993. Here we answer the latter, also positively.


Three generations gathered at the field
with the third coming out in the fourth.
Glove raised, sun high
Glare of glory, let it
Fly.
#smallpoems


Nonvolatile memories on the basis of tunneling junctions of ferroelectric ultrathin-film barriers make use of resistance switching between high and low conductance states upon polarization reversal, which facilitates the nondestructive readout of the binary information within a tiny memory cell. The apparent electroresistance effect for the generation of a large on/off current ratio depends on the modulation of the tunneling barrier height in two opposite polarization orientations due to asymmetric finite screening lengths of top and bottom electrodes, where the direct tunneling current attenuates quickly with enhanced film thickness. To break through the atomistic thickness requirement of the tunneling junction, we separately observed the same electroresistance effect in a semiconducting BiFeO3 film with the thickness of 120 nm. Its working mechanism depends on the formation of a ferroelectric diode for the film in contacts with top and bottom electrodes, where the polarity of diode junction can be switched by polarization reversal.


This paper presents an eddy-current sensor with a novel contactless structure to determine the very low concentration of electrolytic solution. By detecting the change in inductance of the sensing coil due to formation of eddy-current inside the conducting solution it is possible to determine the very low concentration of electrolyte solution. Concentration as low as 1 ppm for strong electrolyte is possible to measure. It was tested for various concentrations of NaCl. It shows distinct response for each concentration.


On-line measurement of the important state variables in fermentations, particularly cell mass concentration, remains a difficult problem. However, a number of secondary or environmental variables can be measured conventionally and on-line, such as pH, and CO2 and O2 in the exhaust gas. Stephanopoulos and San (1984) have developed a modeling approach, based on species balances, that provides relations between the environmental and important state variables. Using such a model, the important state variables can be estimated in principle from more easily accessible on-line measurements.

In this article, a new adaptive estimator is developed, incorporating as its basis an underlying nonlinear model so as to utilize the best possible a priori process knowledge. Base addition rate and CO2 offgas concentration are measured on-line and periodically. Cell mass measurements are incorporated infrequently and even at irregular sampling periods, thus providing a very flexible scheme. Only a single adapted parameter is required to match the model to the plant operating characteristics. This simple but rigorous model form results in an estimator that is easy to implement and to tune and which exhibits long-term robustness due to its multirate feedback structure. Experimental results from a laboratory-scale continuous fermentor show that such a cell mass estimation scheme yields excellent performance both open-loop (without control) and as a part of conventional and nonlinear adaptive control approaches.