A grid service is a Web service that provides a group of well-defined connections and follows certain standards. Grid service exceptions refer to all kinds of questions that may occur in the request, response and implementation of a grid service. The research of grid service exceptions relies on the grid system structure. This paper discusses the related concepts and theorems in grid service exceptions, proposes the Ant/Bee-Back algorithm used in the grid service exception handling, and confirms the validity of this algorithm with examples. The processing of returning to old route is similar to the method by which ant goes home; The method by which wrong message is sent to GC when exception service occurs is similar to the method by which a honeybee returns to the honeycomb. Finally analog experiment is given to confirm this method.


We discuss the problem of rough ingredients and parts of concepts of an indiscernibility-based approximation space. The notion of a (rough) ingredient is extended to the notion of a possible (rough) ingredient, and analogously in the case of parts. The term "possible" means that a concept is perceived as a candidate for a future substitute of some ingredient. Our approach is in line with rough mereology except for allowing the empty concept for the sake of simplicity.


This volume treats old age and old people as reflected in medieval and early modern literature, historical documents, and visual products, offering innovative perspectives, examining hitherto neglected texts and art works, and taking stock of previous research. With this volume Old Age Studies pertaining to the Middle Ages and the early modern world can claim to have established a solid scholarly profile, adding new layers of meaning in our investigation of the culture and history of premodern mentality.


Objective: To quantify central neuronal damage in patients with acute traumatic brain injury (TBI), to determine if brain tissue ischaemia was present using lactate as a marker, and to describe methods of delivering intensive anaesthetic care within a magnetic resonance scanner. Design: Patients underwent T2 weighted magnetic resonance and spectroscopic imaging (SI) early after TBI. Setting: A tertiary referral centre for neurosurgery and neurointensive care in Scotland. Subjects: Eight adults with TBI imaged 4-26 days (mean 13) after injury. Findings were compared to six healthy volunteer control subjects. Measurements and results: A significant reduction of N-acetyl aspartate (NAA- a neurone specific amino acid) was found in areas of brain with obvious lesions on T2 weighted imaging (p<0.001), and in areas where there were no obvious T2 lesions (p<0.02) compared with volunteer control spectra. We found no evidence of lactate. Conclusions: SI may be useful in assessing the extent of neuronal injury...


This document contains actions aimed at the design of a quality management plan for the mission processes of the La Esperanza de Amaly Foundation, aligned with the provisions of NTC 6001 and with a risk management approach, in accordance with the guidelines established in NTC-ISO-31000 Risk management, principles and guidelines, and NTC-IEC / ISO 31010 - Risk management, risk assessment techniques; Together with the theoretical application of one of the principles of Deming, the PDCA cycle. The purpose of the project is to orientate the activities carried out by the foundation towards quality management to guarantee the fulfillment of the mission objective with effectiveness, as well as to ensure its sustainability based on the integrality, competitiveness and durability within the normative framework of the ICBF, Through an organizational strategy aimed at continuous improvement, which strengthens trust and social legitimacy, through high standards of quality in each of the processes that must be consistent with its mission objective, and which in turn leads to a public interest that is reflected in the obtaining of financial resources from private and donor sectors, thus leading to sustainability and durability over time.


The knowledge gained through this study could help to make plyometric training more effective when Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) stretching added to the workouts without having to isolate strength and flexibility on separate sessions. The aim of this study was to compare the individual and combined effects of 6-week of PNF stretching and plyometric training (PLYOT) in muscular power and flexibility for young volleyball players Thirty-seven male young volleyball players participated in the current study. They were distributed into four groups; PNF (n = 10), PLYOT (n = 10), Combining PNF and PLYOT (COMB) (n = 10), and control group without PNF and PLYOT (CON) (n = 7), they were tested before (PRE) and after (POST) 6-week training for muscular power [i.e. vertical jump (VJ), seated medicine ball throw (SMTH), and rotational power ball throw (RPTH)] and flexibility [i.e. sit& reach test (SRT), shoulder& wrist flexibility test (SWFT), and trunk rotation test (TRT)]. The results have shown significant effects of the time for all study variables (p ≤ 0.05) of all groups except CON group had no significant effects (p ˃ 0.05). There were statistically significant differences favor COMB group (p ≤ 0.05) at the POST evaluation in muscular power variables in comparison with the PNF and PLYOT groups, while no statistically significant differences (p ˃ 0.05) were found between PNF, PLYOT, and COMB in all flexibility variables. In conclusion the combined effect of PNF and PLYOT has surpassed the individual effect of them on muscular power but not on flexibility variables.


By way of literatures reviewing, investigating and interviewing, fatigue-vulnerable body part, estimation and recovery of fatigue were discussed in this paper, measures or methods of fatigue eliminating for athletes were put forward.


Menopause is a time of adaptation and transition to a new biological situation that implies the loss of reproductive function. The onset of menopause coincides with the onset of other symptoms related to hypertension, weight gain, hormonal changes, osteoporosis, and vascular disease. These hormonal changes could be responsible for some sleep disorders. It is well documented that the prevalence of sleep disorders is higher in post-menopause, regardless of other factors such as aging.

 As part of routine care for patients in a gynecology outpatient clinic, all patients with menopause were screened for sleep disorders using the following clinical tools: the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), the STOP-BANG Questionnaire, and the Epworth Scale.A full clinical history was also taken, focusing on sleep habits and risk factors that could contribute to sleep difficulties.Patients that presented with any sleep disorders were assessed and continued their treatment depending on these results.

 Between August 2021 and December 2021, a total of 60 patients going through menopause that attended the gynecology outpatient clinic for other reasons were screened for sleep disorders.Using the PSQI we identified 51 patients with low quality sleep (defined as a score of 5 or higher using this tool).Depression was also identified in a total of 43 patients, none of which were receiving treatment. All these patients also reported low-quality sleep and other problems such as hypersomnia, which in turn was identified in 15 patients using the Epworth Scale.Thirty-five patients were identified as having at least 3 risks factors for obstructive sleep apnea with the STOP-BANG questionnaire and were ordered a polysomnography.

 Sleep disorders are highly prevalent in menopause. With this initiative, we present our experience and results incorporating routine screening for these disorders in a clinical setting outside of a sleep clinic.Integrating this information can be helpful for working in multidisciplinary teams aimed at reducing chronic diseases and mortality in these patients. This is a multidisciplinary approach that will continue in our institution.


A system model reduction method based on regional pole and covariance equivalent is proposed.Simulations are offered to verify the effectiveness of proposed method.


Summary Brine intrusion into drinking water resources induced by energy or carbon storage operations in the deep subsurface are a major concern when employing these storage options. A modeling study of salt leakage from a deep storage formation into a drinking water aquifer is conducted, where brine leakage is induced by injection of salt water. Results show that salt rises due to injection pressures and thermohaline circulation, with permeability being the most sensitive parameter. Salt is rising to the drinking water aquifer by geological layer to layer, so that brine not from the deepest formation but the formation below the aquifer is shifted to the aquifer. Numerical tests show that the model code used can be used on meshes on the order of millions of nodes, thus allowing for a realistic representation of the induced flow and transport processes.


The cover picture shows the thermally induced shape-memory effect for a covalently cross-linked polymer network. The polymer in its temporary shape (cube, picture on top) is heated from room temperature up to 70°C. Within 60 seconds the sample recovers its memorized, permanent shape of a nearly planar foil (picture on top left). The visual change of the material from opaque to transparent is caused by the melting of crystallites of the switching segments. The scheme in the center of the picture illustrates the molecular mechanism of the shape-memory effect. The shown polymer network, which is synthesized from poly(e-caprolactone)dimethacrylate as macromonomer, is one of the first polymer systems that have specifically been developed for applications in the biomedical field. The net points (black) determine the permanent shape while the crystallites (blue) stabilize the temporary shape. More on the current state and the potential of this technology can be found in the review by A. Lendlein and S. Kelch on p. 2034 ff.


Many studies of college student drinking focus on understanding the problematic consequences of alcohol use. This research, however, does less to illuminate the cultural meanings of the use of alcohol. To address this gap, I examine how students relate to drinking alcohol socially, paying particular attention to how drinking and non-drinking emerge as meaningful behaviors in particular social settings. I analyze drinking qualitatively, focusing on the student perception of the significance of alcohol consumption as part of social interaction to understand the impact that alcohol itself has on the social setting. By employing an ActorNetwork Theory framework I conclude that the presence of alcohol defines the setting and the types of interaction that take place. I also find that frequent drinkers, non-frequent drinkers, and abstainers engage in various identitymanagement strategies to facilitate or impede interaction by using setting-specific strategies.


The oxidation behavior of AlCrN coating deposited on Ti-25Al-12.5Nb-6Mo-0.48V alloy was investigated at 700 °C and 800 °C in static air. Oxidation in air indicated that the uncoated alloy exhibited poor oxidation resistance due to the formation of TiO2 scale, but the major oxide in the oxidized coating was chromia and alumina and the TiN layers were also observed beneath the coating. No sign of degradation and no scaling of the coating was observed after oxidation.


The MSU gas cyclotron stopper system is designed to decelerate rare isotope ions from energies from >50 MeV to energies in the 10 keV range. The ions are decelerated in low-pressure helium gas in vertical cyclotron magnet. The magnet and the system for decelerating the ions are mounted on a high voltage platform. The cyclotron gas stopper magnet is a warm iron superconducting cyclotron sector dipole. The maximum field in the gap (0.18 m) is 2.7 T. The outer diameter of magnet yoke is 3.8 m, with a pole radius of 1.1 m and Br = 1.8 T m. The desired field shape is obtained by the pole profile. Each coil of the two halves is in a separate cryostat and connected in series through a warm electrical connection. The entire magnet system will be mounted on a high voltage platform. The magnet coils have been fabricated and installed in their cryostats. The iron poles have been machined and assembled. This paper presents the progress on the magnet system fabrication and assembly.


A fragmentation phenomenon of a melt droplet induced by surface solidification has been studied for many years, but the fragmentation rate model, based on such a thermal mechanism, is not available for numerical simulation tools. In this study, in order to develop a fragmentation rate correlation of a melt droplet, induced by surface solidification, a thermal fragmentation mechanism is proposed, based on the Taylor instability. The theoretical fragmentation model is developed and a simplified non-dimensional correlation is proposed for convenient application to simulation tools. The developed fragmentation rate correlation is verified by simulating the MIXA experiment.


score generally have proved unsatisfactory (Brookover, 1945; Woodrow, 1946). Among the difficulties associated with this type of gain is its tendency to correlate approximately zero with variables with which an adequate measure of gain logically should correlate significantly. Further difficulties arise from the fact that a test used as a measure of initial status frequently is not appropriate as a measure of final status, and when a different test is used, scores are often expressed in a different metric. In addition, the negative correlations usually found between gain and initial status are suggestive of a statistical artifact.


As conscious consumerism rises in popularity in wealthy, capitalist nations like the United States, scholars have lamented the lack of similarly widespread support for other, potentially more effective forms of activism. They have discussed various factors contributing to the discrepancy, often focusing on the relative convenience of conscious consumerism, or the notion that such hyper-individualized behaviors are well-aligned with the ideological underpinnings of global capitalism. In conversation with these analyses, this exploratory study investigated the possibility that evolving spatial perceptions may also render conscious consumerism more attractive to people whose current or desired lifestyles have become increasingly mobile and urban, as modern structural realities compel people toward such lifestyles, and as these lifestyles become increasingly "glamorized" in popular culture. This goal was approached using semi-structured, in-depth interviews that explored perceptions of spatial scales and mobility among a group of ten Chicagoans who reported an interest in "locavorism," or the conscious consumerist practice of eating locally-sourced foods. The results of these initial interviews revealed that some urban locavores were (a) reluctant to symbolically associate themselves with people or behaviors that seemed less mobile or urban, for sociocultural reasons, and/or (b) unable to engage in more eco-conscious lifestyles that might encourage more "rootedness" or smaller-scale spatial engagement, due to structural realities that compelled them to be more mobile and urban.


Objective
To study the prevalence of taste alteration and the changes of life quality with nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients during radiotherapy period, then analyze the correlation between them.

Methods
Sixty patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Zhejiang Cancer Hospital from October 2018 to February 2019 were interviewed during radiotherapy period, Chemotherapy-induced Taste Alteration Scale and European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer-quality of life head and neck module were used at four times points, which were the beginning of radiotherapy,10 F and 20 F after radiotherapy, and the end of radiotherapy.

Results
The score of taste alteration at the beginning of radiotherapy,10 F and 20 F after radiotherapy, and the end of radiotherapy were 22.02 ± 0.60, 45.85 ± 2.27, 55.75 ± 2.21, 63.7 ± 2.13, the life quality score at the beginning of radiotherapy,10 F and 20 F after radiotherapy, and the end of radiotherapy were 7.59 ± 0.84, 25.68 ± 2.00, 35.86 ± 2.43, 44.84 ± 2.73, both were significantly different(F=131.43, 116.85, all P<0.01). Spearman correlation analysis showed that there were positive correlation between taste alteration and quality of life(r=0.244-0.674, all P<0.05 or 0.01).

Conclusions
The main finding of this study is that taste impairment in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patient was increased as the radiotherapy continues, and the correlation between quality life and taste alteration was significantly enhanced, which should be afforded greater attention from medical staff.

Key words:
Dysgeusia; Quality of life; Nasopharyngeal carcinoma; Longitudinal study; Radiotherapy


Not only the West, Islam also has a reliable philosophers who have exceptional quality thinking. However, a Muslim who deepens philosophy should not be separated from the rules of shari`at namely the provisions of the Qur'an and Al-Hadith. This is so that what will be poured from the results of his philosophy is not misleading other Muslims, because of course the philosophers get more attention even the results of their thinking learned by the next people. One of the most famous studies of philosophy is the theory of emanation, which says that the creation of this world is the radiance of the One. Many philosophers have given their view of this philosophy, given that a glimpse of the theory of emanation is very confusing even for those who are deep but not so deep still will be confused, because that's what philosophy is. Therefore, it is very necessary if in the lecture of Islamic Philosophy is also discussed about the theory of this emanation. To make our horizons of thinking and knowledge wider.


Soluble arsenic (As) in acidic feed solution may inhibit the copper (Cu) bioleaching process within mine heaps. To clarify the effect of soluble arsenic on the live biomass and bioxidative activity in heaps, toxicological assays were per‐ formed using a synthetic feed solution given by a mine company. The microorganisms had previously been isolated from two heap samples at up to 66 m depth, and cultured using specific media for chemolithotrophic acidophiles (pH 1–2) and moderate thermophiles (48°C), for arsenic tolerance assay. The four media with the highest biomass were selected to assay As‐resistance; one culture (Q63h) was chosen to assay biooxidative activity, using a heap sam‐ ple that contained chalcopyrite and covellite. We found that 0.5 g/L of As does not affect living biomass or biooxida‐ tive activity on Cu sulfides, but it dissolves Cu, while As precipitates as arsenic acid (H3AsO4·1⁄2H2O). The arsenic toler‐ ant community, as identified by 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis, was composed of three main metabolic groups: chemolithotrophs (Leptospirillum, Sulfobacillus); chemolithoheterotrophs and organoheterotrophs as Acidovorax temperans, Pseudomonas alcaligenes, P. mendocina and Sphingomonas spp. Leptospirillum spp. and S. thermosulfidooxidans were the dominant taxa in the Q63–66 cultures from the deepest sample of the oldest, highest‐temperature heap. The results indicated arsenic resistance in the microbial community, therefore specific primers were used to amplify ars (arsenic resistance system), aio (arsenite oxidase), or arr (arsenate respiratory reduction) genes from total sample DNA. Presence of arsB genes in S. thermosulfidooxidans in the Q63–66 cultures permits H3AsO4‐As(V) detoxification and strengthens the community's response to As.


In this paper, we study the class of parabolically geometrically finite (PGF) subgroups of mapping class groups, introduced by Dowdall--Durham--Leininger--Sisto. We prove a combination theorem for graphs of PGF groups (and other generalizations) by utilizing subsurface projection to obtain control on the geometry of fundamental groups of graphs of PGF groups, generalizing and strengthening methods of Leininger--Reid. From this result, we construct new examples of PGF groups and provide methods for how to apply the combination theorem in practice. We also show that PGF groups are undistorted in their corresponding mapping class group.


Whenever the potential of a scalar field has two or more separated, degenerate minima, domain walls form as the universe cools. The evolution of the resulting network of domain walls is calculated for the case of two potential minima in two and three dimensions, including wall annihilation, crossing, and reconnection effects. The nature of the evolution is found to be largely independent of the rate at which the universe expands. Wall annihilation and reconnection occur almost as fast as causality allows, so that the horizon volume is 'swept clean' and contains, at any time, only about one, fairly smooth, wall. Quantitative statistics are given. The total area of wall per volume decreases as the first power of time. The relative slowness of the decrease and the smoothness of the wall on the horizon scale make it impossible for walls to both generate large-scale structure and be consistent with quadrupole microwave background anisotropy limits.


New tellurite-sulfate compounds M2(TeO3)(SO4)·H2O (M = Co, Mn) are synthesized by a conventional hydrothermal method. Two compounds are found to exhibit a similar structure, which both crystallize in the orthorhombic system of space group Pbcm. Te(4+) ions are coordinated by three O atoms, forming a quite distorted TeO3 trigonal pyramid with lone-pair electrons, while magnetic Co(2+) or Mn(2+) ions construct a wavelike layer with a distorted honeycomb spin-lattice. Magnetic measurements confirm that two isostructural compounds display different magnetic behaviors, in which Co2(TeO3)(SO4)·H2O shows a canted antiferromagnetic ordering at ∼15 K, while Mn2(TeO3)(SO4)·H2O shows a collinear antiferromagnetic ordering at ∼28 K. The nature of different magnetic behaviors between two isostructural compounds is also discussed.


Objective To evaluate the outcomes of minimally invasive open dismembered pyeloplasty for pelviureteric junction obstruction (PUJO) in children.Methods A retrospective review of the consecutive minimally invasive open dismembered pyeloplasties in the previous year was performed.Fifty-seven patients underwent the operation using an open flank incision.Posterior subcostal muscle splitting approach was utilized.The mean incision was 1.7 cm long (range:1.5 to 2 cm).The last 14 patients under 3 years of age had incisions of 1.5 cm.The average age at the age Of surgery was 1.6 years (range:18 days to 7.6 years.The mean operative time was 63 minutes (range:55 to 75 min).The estimated blood loss was less than 5 mL.Results All patients were discharged within 5 days.The renal appearance and function improved post-operatively.Conclusions The minimally invasive approach to open dismembered pyeloplasty is a safe and effective treatment choice for PUJO in children.

Key words:
Surgical procedures,minimally invasive; Pyeloplasty; Pelviureteric junction obstrulction


To the Editor:

We read with great interest the recent report by Ahmadi-Kashani and colleagues1 highlighting the prognostic significance of mean intrinsic heart rate (HR) in a heterogeneous population of heart failure outpatients. HR is an extensively studied marker in various cardiovascular conditions, at rest, during and after exercise, during sleep, and throughout the day, as HR variability. In some clinical settings, a high-normal resting HR bears a well-recognized prognostic significance, …


A year ago, Guo Ying,CEO and chief editor,for the Travel Channel,was facing strong opposition for his suggestion of not running a drama series on thenewly established channel. "I asked my colleagues:


A two-band compression system was designed to improve the intelligibility of speech in noise for persons suffering from sensori-neural hearing impairment. Experiments were carried out at 0 and +6 dB signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio with expansion below compression threshold. Six subjects had mean discrimination scores at S/N of 6 dB of 46, 77, and 87 percent with unprocessed speech (present heating aid), compression but linear below threshold, and compression with expansion below threshold, respectively. At the 0 dB S/N test score means were 21, 61 and 69 percent, respectively.


We develop an extension to the Obstfeld and Rogoff (1995, 1996) two sector model with imperfect competition and norminal wage rigidities. Contrary to the Obstfeld and Rogoff (1995, 1996) analysis, we assume that technology exhibits decreasing returns to scale. We analyze the implications for the exchange rate's reaction to an unexpected permanent rise in the money supply. The model replicates an overshooting result for certain parameter values, and we are able to isolate the effect of decreasing returns on the exchange rate. The exchange rate overshootes less compared to the situation in Obstfeld and Rogoff (1995, 1996), in which there is constant returns to scale.


. Let f , g be two distinct normalized primitive holomorphic cusp forms of weights k 1 , k 2 and levels N 1 , N 2 , respectively. Denote by λ f ( n ) and λ g ( n ) the n -th normalized Fourier coefficients of f and g , respectively. In this paper, we investigate the first change of sequences { λ f ( n i ) } n ∈ N and { λ f ( n j )λ g ( n l ) } n ∈ N with positive integers i ≥ 2 and j , l ≥ 1. And we also derive the lower bounds for the sequences { λ f ( n i ) } n ∈ N , { λ f ( n j )λ f ( n l ) } n ∈ N ofthesamesignsintheinterval [ 1 , x ] ,whichremains the best possible results in terms of order of magnitude, where i ≥ 2 , j , l ≥ 1 are positive integers.


OSCAR WILDE has said that a man with a soul for service cannot be an artist. In the U. S. S. R. today, the exact opposite is being preached. Stavsky, the chairman of the All-Union Writers' Organizal Committee recently put into words for the benefit of the journal Smena (The Young Generation) what the Soviets feel applies to all artists and their approach to their art, whatever their medium: "The necessary art today," he points out, "is that which enables the perceiver to adapt himself to the necessities of socialist construction. Art is a living force …. It should inspire action and its value may best be judged from its influence on social behavior." This summer when I was asked to study the Exhibition of Fifteen Years of Soviet Art in Moscow which represents pictorial art during the existence of Soviet power, with a view to considering it for exhibition in the city in which I live, I looked forward to it for many reasons. Chief among them was the desire to see if these precepts of Stavsky were acceptable...


The study was set up to investigate the management of labour pain by midwives and traditional birth attendants. A qualitative research methodology was used to seek the views of 50 midwives and 60 traditional birth attendants on pain management during labour. Data were analyzed manually using themes that emerged from the study. The results revealed that pain was generally regarded as a normal physiological response to labour and was given little attention. Midwives identified pharmacological and nonpharmacological methods of relieving pain. Traditional birth attendants identified the use of herbs, baths, adopting the most comfortable position, as well as being with a companion as the ideal methods of pain management. Challenges experienced by midwives were lack of resources to effectively deliver quality care and poor referral system, socio-cultural issues and absence of a policy guideline to safeguard practice. Traditional birth attendants experienced challenges relating to poor recognition by the modern ...


The historic roots of contemporary legal systems have attracted a surprising amount of attention in the modern economics and finance literature. Economists who investigate the determinants of financial development and economic growth across countries have long debated the importance of the institutional environment, including a country's legal system. Only more recently, however, they have started distinguishing between civil-law systems with "Roman legal origin" and common-law systems. Legal origin is used as an econometric instrument, i.e., an empirical technique to causally identify how amenable different legal systems are to economic growth and financial development. The main result is that countries with Roman legal origin have been found to have less developed financial markets. The literature commonly interprets this finding as showing that the codified legal systems that build on Roman origin are too rigid to accommodate financial and economic development. However, these conclusions have not remained unchallenged. While the legal-origin technique is novel and clever, its validity has also been fiercely disputed.


Aims: To determine the prevalence of premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder and their association with psychiatric cases and dysmenorrhea in students of Lumbini Medical College, Palpa, Nepal.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study where self-report questionnaires based on American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-V criteria for PMS and PMDD and the General Health Questionnaire-12 for psychiatric caseness were filled by the students. The results were calculated using SPSS 16.0 as frequencies, mean, standard deviation and chi square with a p-value of < 0.05 as significant. Results: There were 382 participants out of which 113 (61.1%) medical and 126 (64%) nursing students met the ACOG criteria for PMS. PMDD was diagnosed in 78 (39.6%) nursing students and 72(38.9%) medical students. The most common somatic symptom was headache 256(77%) and behavioral symptom was irritability 310(81.2%). A significant relation (p value <0.05) was seen between psychiatric caseness, dysmenorrhoea and PMS/PMDD.Conclusion: PMS and PMDD are common in young medical and nursing students.  A significant relation was present between PMS and psychiatric caseness and dysmenorrhea therefore comprehensive efforts should be made by healthcare providers to screen and manage symptoms including dysmenorrhea efficiently, thereby improving daily functioning, academic performance and professional skills of the students.


2-(4-fluorobenzylideneamino) propanoic acid is synthesized through the reaction of 4-Fluorobenzaldehyde and(-alanine in refluxing EtOH.Its structure is verified by 1 HNMR,FTIR and Raman.The ground-state geometries are optimized at B3LYP/6-31G*,B3LYP/6-31+G** and B3LYP/6-31G** level without symmetry constrains,respectively.The vibrational wavenumbers of 4-FA are calculated at same level.The scaled theoretical spectra using B3LYP methods are in a good agreement with the experimental ones.


ABSTRACT Twenty-two chronic maintenance hemodialysis patients with bone pain and mean dialysis duration of 4 years were studied. Conventional radioisotopic bone scans were evaluated in a semiquanti...


This study follows the line of research that by employing the monomiality principle, new outcomes are produced. Thus, in line with prior facts, our aim is to introduce the Δh multi-variate Hermite Appell polynomials ΔhHAm[r](q1,q2,⋯,qr;h). Further, we obtain their recurrence sort of relations by using difference operators. Furthermore, symmetric identities satisfied by these polynomials are established. The operational rules are helpful in demonstrating the novel characteristics of the polynomial families and thus operational principle satisfied by these polynomials is derived and will prove beneficial for future observations. Further, a few members of the Δh Appell polynomial family are considered and their corresponding results are derived accordingly.


This study justified the need for sustainable development of Niger Delta Artisanal Fisheries, citing over exploitation, obnoxious fishing practices, adverse environmental impact, decline in fish yield and species variations, despite the sectors dominant importance as a major source of domestic fish supply in the region and the country as whole. The basic methodology used in the study involved a review, analysis and discussions of relevant literature to the subject matter, especially of reported findings of researches carried out within the Niger Delta Region. Some factors were identified to be among some of the critical ones militating against the sustainable development of Niger Delta Artisanal Fisheries Resources, viz; Inadequate Conservation Policies and Programmes, Lack of effective capacity for implementation of conservation policies and measures, Absence of conditions that Encourage Willingness to Adopt Conservation Measures by Core Stake Holders (Fishers), Paucity of adequate scientific data for fisheries Resources conservation, Non Inclusion of Environmental Components in Fisheries Resources Conservation Models and Effects of adverse environmental impacts on Fisheries Resources. These factors were analyzed and discussed essentially within the context of relevant empirical research reports in the Niger Delta region, Nigeria. Recommendations were made based on proffered solutions to help enhance the sustainable development of the Niger Delta Artisanal fisheries subsector.


A vast literature documents the presence of unexploited potential gains from migration within a country, in both developing and developed economies. One possible explanation of what prevents people from migrating is that a lack of experience living outside one's hometown earlier in life could make it more di cult to migrate later on. In this paper, I use the natural experiment of military conscription in Argentina, which randomly assigned not only military service, but also the location of service, to study the e ect of this temporary displacement on long-run migration rates. I then use a rich source of administrative earnings and employment data to investigate the labor-market implications of conscription and, in particular, displacement. I nd that conscription on the whole caused a small increase in the likelihood of appearing in the formal labor force, and a small increase in earnings particularly for those who were assigned to serve in the Navy. Assignment to military service outside of one's province of origin increased the likelihood of living outside the province of origin by 2.5 percent, and while the net e ects of this displacement on earnings and employment are imprecisely estimated, the evidence suggests that there are modest long-term bene ts of conscription in Argentina that are not fully attributable to displacement. *Email: email@example.com. Please see following page for acknowledgements. All errors are my own.


This paper describes a technique to retrieve, from radar sea clutter, parameters defining a surface-based duct using a simple improved PSO approach. The whole PSO optimization procedure is divided into two steps. Firstly, all four parameters are optimized using a standard PSO. Secondly, three of them are fixed and only the last one is optimized to maximum iterations using a standard PSO. And a model of radar cross section different from that used in previous papers is introduced. Simulation results show that PSO gets a better performance than GA method, where the results are obtained from 200 Monte Carlo simulations. (4 pages)


When treating a two‐phase system, the need to account for the fact that the phases of the mixture sharing the same space are mutually exclusive gives rise to the formulation with each phase following its own center‐of‐mass frame of reference together with inertial coupling. The lack of detailed knowledge of the virtual mass effect limits the formulation to a dilute suspension of the disconnected phase. The significance of the inertial coupling term due to the choice of frame of reference is noted.


Since higher order thinking skills have been targeted as one of the instructional objectives at Indonesian schools, investigating to what extent the pre-service English teachers are familiar with the concept of the higher order thinking skills in ELT is necessary. The current study was conducted to investigate to what extent the pre-service English teachers are familiar with the concept of higher order thinking skills in English language teaching. A survey research was employed which encompass 109 respondents. The finding of the current study reveals that the familiarity of the pre-service English teachers with the concepts of the higher order thinking skills in ELT is at the moderate level. It indicates that most pre-service English teachers are quite familiar with the concept of the higher order thinking skills but their knowledge is not deep. The implication to the teaching of English language may be that the teaching of the higher order thinking skills are not fully infused to the English language teaching. Therefore, future researchers are recommended to investigate the English teachers' practice dealing with the promotion of the higher order thinking skills.


The period from Julius Caesar to Vespasian has been richly documented by the ancient historians Tacitus, Suetonius, Dio Cassius, and Velleius. While the historians generally recorded their personal views of the events that unfolded in this period, the highly detailed, profuse Roman coinage of the time presents a governmental view. This book compares the two media of historical record in relation to fifty events, common to both, for which the ancient historians are cited in full and the relevant coins are illustrated and discussed.


Summary form only given. Intersubband systems exhibit nonlinearities that can be hundreds of times larger than that of conventional materials. This has made them attractive candidates for nonlinear frequency conversion and other applications. Early work on intersubband nonlinearities focused on GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells. Because of the small conduction band offset of this material system, it is only suitable to resonantly enhance nonlinear interactions of 5 /spl mu/m wavelength or longer. Thus most studies of the nonlinear optical properties of intersubband transitions (ISBT) have used CO/sub 2/ lasers.


This study was conducted to compare development of browning in minimally processed mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus Sing.) by picking season and postharvest holding time of the raw material. 'White' type of the mushrooms were harvested and minimally processed immediately after harvest or holding at 2 for 7 days after picking in 4 seasons. The processed mushrooms were kept at 5, and changes in surface color and content of total phenolic compounds of the mushrooms were measured. Respiration rate of the whole mushrooms was ranged from 9.55 to 17.93 mL C0/kg hr, and the rate was low in mushrooms harvested in summer and autumn compared with those picked in spring and winter. Hunter L value of the mushrooms decreased rapidly just after slicing, especially in summer-harvest mushrooms. The mushrooms processed with the raw materials stored at 2 for 7 days after harvest showed the lowest 'L' value among the sliced mushrooms prepared at different holding time. Consequently, summer-harvest mushrooms and the mushrooms kept at 2 for more than 7 days after harvest would be unsuitable for minimally processing due to rapid browning.


A positive photoresist composition is provided to improve adhesiveness with a metal deposited on a resist, superior leveling property, and compatibility with a developer, and to be developable in an aqueous potassium hydroxide solution. A positive photoresist composition contains a compound represented by the following formula 1 or 2. In the formula 1, each of a, b, and c represents a hydrogen atom, or a C1-10 alkyl or alkoxy group, and each of l, m, and n represents an integer of 1-10. In the formula 2, each of a, b, c, and d represents a hydrogen atom, or a C1-10 alkyl group or alkoxy group, and each of l, m, n, o, and p represents an integer of 1-10.


Background: Evaluation of right ventricular (RV) contractility and systolic function in patients with right sided heart disease is an essential component of clinical management. The aim of this study was to assess RV systolic function by qualitative and quantitative methods and compare it to rate of ventricular pressure change during the isovolumic contraction period (dP/dt) as RV contractility index in patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis. Patients and Methods: In 56 consecutive patients with moderate to severe mitral stenosis, RV systolic function, RV dP/dt and dP/dt/Pmax, were calculated and compared. Results: There was significant correlation between RV dP/dt and RV function (P<0.001) and between RV dP/dt and New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional capacity (P<.001). The mean of dP/dt was decreased with increasing severity of RV dysfunction (mean dP/dt was 648±159 for normal RV function, 592± 126 for mild RV dysfunction, 319±146 for moderate RV dysfunction and 166±150 for severe RV dysfunction) Severity of tricuspid regurgitation and pulmonary hypertension had no significant effect on RV dP/dt and RV function. RV dP/dt/Pmax had also significant relationship with RV function and functional capacity (P <0.001). Conclusion: Measurements of dP/dt and dP/dt/Pmax, are practical methods for estimating RV contractility and results have a good correlation with RV systolic function and functional capacity.


With the Hybrid Tea for materials,the effect of 2,4-D on the Hybrid Tea hard branch cutting was studied.The results showed that the most suitable concentration and soaking time for cutting propagation were 25 mg·L-1 and solution soaking for 15 minutes.At this time the callus and root growth and survival rate were the highest.


Sir: Please find below our response to the letter you received following the publication of our article in the December 2006 issue of Prosthetics and Orthotics International (Vol. 30, No. 3). We would like to state at the onset that we set out an observational study based on our clinical practice. Further progression on this work will be a pilot study to test some of the issues raised with eventual progression to a randomized controlled trial. The interest generated on this topical issue is welcomed and we anticipate that multicentre collaboration would be required to further explore this. We acknowledge that only limited information is available concerning the nature of socket adjustments. This reflects the observational nature of our study. In general, adjustments were made to socket volume and contour to offload areas of skin with pressure ulcers and to address volume mismatch. We have already stated that limb usage was simply recorded as 'less', 'more' or 'as usual' and acknowledge that more detailed information would be helpful. However, we did note that a similar approach had been used in a previous study (Datta et al. 1996) and believe this was realistic and practical in a clinic consultation scenario, which was the setting for our report. We appreciate that many different definitions of skin ulceration have been used. Again, our choice of 'a break in stump skin of at least 0.25 cm in diameter' was based on practical considerations in our large observational study. We felt it was necessary to specify minimum diameter to differentiate ulcers from puncture skin lesions, which may, for example, occur in allergic or irritant dermatitis. We agree that ulcer depth measurement is an important factor to consider in wound healing. However, routine clinical practice does not entail this but an estimation of the involved tissue plane (subcutaneous, deep-fascia, muscle etc.). A reduction in ulcer size is certainly an acceptable measure of healing with face validity. Meulenbelt and Geertzen have drawn attention to the fact we have not specified ulcer type. However, there are many methods of classification often based on aetiology. Stump ulcers are multi-factorial in causation with mechanical factors, peripheral vascular disease and diabetes mellitus frequently contributing. Part of our recommendations is that further studies explore these issues. Data concerning delayed healing of the surgical wounds and development of ulcers were pooled, as both in essence are breaches of the stump skin (Coleman 2000) which might potentially affect prosthetic limb usage. Whilst their aetiologies differ, in this study we were primarily concerned with the impact of both on prosthesis use and hence mobility and lifestyle of the amputee. Regarding limb use, we wrote that five patients were advised to discontinue limb use as part of the clinical management and that ulcer deterioration was noted in two. We would like to confirm that the ulcers in the remaining three improved. Prosthetics and Orthotics International June 2007; 31(2): 209 – 210


The UK Prevent strategy is strongly criticized: accused of racism, human rights violations, and demonization of the (Muslim) other. Outlining an original interpretation of these problems, the article draws on political theory to identify parallels between this controversy and Stanley Cavell's critique of John Rawls' Theory of Justice. Although aiming to avoid violence, Rawls limited the "conversation of justice" in advance such that a democratic community could be deemed above reproach. Cavell claimed that this situation is detrimental in that it leaves the resentful other with no outlet to voice their grievance(s). The article argues that Prevent is problematic because it assumes the same premise as Rawls. Prevent restricts engagement between its participants through the requirement to adhere to "British values," which excludes sectors of the UK population a priori and undermines the very democracy that Prevent purports to defend. The article rejects the Prevent strategy on these grounds. It then proposes an alternative model for counter-radicalization based on a Cavellian theorization of democracy as "Emersonian conversation"—comprising the virtues of listening, responsiveness, and a willingness to change on all sides. The article argues that Emersonian conversation provides a more effective basis for future UK counter-radicalization policy.


Objective To find more effective surgical procedures for lumbar disc herniation, we summarized and reviewd the clinical findings,radiological data,operative procedures and curative effect of 8 cases.[WT5"HZ] Methods [WT5"BZ]In 5 cases lateral fenestration was conducted at the joint for lumbar disc herniation excision. For the 3 cases complicated by narrow lateral recess, medial facetectomy was performed at the joint for decompression and lumbar disc herniation excision. Results No recurrence and lumbar spinal instability were found, we have got satisfactory effect of four and the other were good. [WT5"HZ] Conclusion [WT5"BZ]Lateral fenestration is more effective for simple lateral lumbar disc herniation than other procedures,because it only involves a small ablation of the joint processus and bone of the vertebra isthmus.To the patients who are complicated by lateral recess stenosis and lumbar disc herniation in the vertebra canal,the procedure of lateral recess decompresson with medial facetectomy and lateral fenestration is appropriat because it retains parts of the joint processus and bone of the vertebra isthmus.The two methods not only treat the focus but also retains the osteal structure. They play a positive role in preventing spinal instability and low back pain.


In realistic power system state estimation, the distribution of measurement noise is usually assumed to be Gaussian while many researcher have verified that it can be non-Gaussian. In this paper, a new robust state estimator based on exponential absolute value function is proposed to address the non-Gaussian measurement noise and outliers. The influence function, a robust statistics tool, is used to obtain the state estimates to reduce its computational burden. A state estimation mean squared error formula of the proposed robust estimator is derived which can be used as a reference in the wide area monitoring system design or upgrade. Simulation results obtained from the IEEE 30-bus, 118-bus and 300-bus systems verify the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed robust estimator.


A slab-coupled optical waveguide laser (SCOWL) is simultaneously wavelength stabilised with a fibre Bragg grating and characterised under a narrow pulse and high repetition rate direct modulation scheme that is suitable for efficient pulse position modulation format optical communication systems. The SCOWL exhibits a large, nearly circular, singlemode that couples efficiently to optical fibre. With a pulse width of 35 ns and a repetition rate of 2.5 MHz, a peak fibre-coupled output power of 1.6 W is achieved for a wavelength stabilised 965 nm SCOWL.


This research is motivated by the lack of learning motivation of children at Muyang Mersa Kindergarten, Linge District, Central Aceh Regency. The lack of value for children's learning motivation is evidenced by the results of children's learning which shows 18.78 with categories that still need guidance. This study aims to determine how the application of flipchart learning media in Muyang Mersa Kindergarten, Linge District, Central Aceh Regency. The method used in this research is classroom action research (CAR) with Kurt Lewin's model. Comparison of activity results after using Flipchart media the average value of pre-cycle children reached 18.78, in cycle I reached 21.64 and cycle II was 23.87, the percentage of children's learning completeness using Flipchart media in cycle I reached 40% and cycle II 59% occurred. 19% increase after using Flipchart media a significant improvement. Conclusion Flipchart media in increasing children's learning motivation increased by a total score of 41.7% with a very well developed category (BSB) Then in the second cycle it increased again with a total score of 58.3% with a very well developed category (BSB). The teacher provides picture media in the form of a calendar-sized flipchart, chooses the appropriate color to make it look attractive to the child, the teacher places the flipchart learning media in the right position so that it is clearly visible to the child after that the teacher also uses simple language.


Nokia offers a speech translation solution for mobile network operators: Operators can provide real-time machine translation of speech, as a useful extension to their currently available voice service. The concept offers a beneficial difference against Over-the-Top (OTT) service providers. The successfully implemented solution presented in this paper works with any device, that is capable of voice calls, even with simple mobile handsets (feature phones). In the service, the Operator's MSS (Mobile Switching Center Server) and/or IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem) core is involved. The core network is connected to the Microsoft Azure Data Center that provides the speech translation through a Nokia Translation Application Server, running in a Nokia Data Center.


The wavelet packets technique was introduced into the application research on diesel engines' vibro acoustic signatures extraction. The reason of the existence of frequency aliasing in the Paley series from wavelet packets' decomposition was analyzed, and the wavelet packets frequency shifting algorithm was given. The algorithm can reduce the noise significantly, heighten the signal to noise ratio and can effectively extract the desired parameter. The experiments on 190 serial diesel engines verify that the wavelet packets frequency shifting algorithm is applicable and available in reciprocating machines' vibro acoustic signatures extraction and vibration diagnosis.


PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Grylloidea, morfologia, esclerito falico, cromossomo ABSTRACT - Adelosgryllus rubricephalus, a new genus and species of phalangopsid cricket are described. Illustrations of male and female specimens as well as descriptions of phallic sclerites, chromosomes and geographical known distribution are furnished. A discussion on the species taxonomic status of this cricket within the family is also included.


Abstract The effect of treatment with juvenile hormone and five of its analogs on embryonic development of the spruce budworm was studied. All compounds were applied topically in acetone solution to budworm egg masses, and all were found to have ovicidal activity. Most active was the dichloro analog, which required a minimum dosage of 50 μg per egg mass to ensure embryonic death in all the treated eggs. A similar result was found for juvenile hormone, while juvabione, ethyl-aromatic terpenoid ether, and farnesyl methyl ether required a dosage of 100 μg per egg mass to achieve this result. At this latter dosage level, 6% of the eggs treated with methyl aromatic terpenoid ether hatched.


Dear Colleagues: As you know, the media has been full of reports on the subject of early brain development, including a recent edition of Newsweek , and the Rob Reiner ABC TV-special that aired on April 28th. I suspect the attention to this issue will continue, and while it does, I hope you will weigh in and let your community know how much you can contribute in this area. The invitation I received from the White House to attend President Clinton9s early childhood conference on April 17th gratified me. It demonstrated that pediatricians are considered valuable participants in this discussion. But it is up to us to make sure that fact also is obvious to parents and the rest of society.


The optimal conditions of chemiluminescence detection-high performance liquid chromatography (CL-HPLC) method for triacylglycerol hydroperoxide (TGOOH) determination were investigated. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) column (TSKgel G1000HXL) was most effective for the TGOOH determination, which can separate hampering α-tocopherol and give a single shape TGOOH peak without influence of fatty acid composition. For olive, safflower, perilla and fish oils, proportional correlationships were confirmed between the peroxide value (PV) and the CL peak area of TGOOH. The present method can determine TGOOH as low as PV 0.04meq/kg in 1mg sample oil and would be useful for studying mechanism of initial rancid reactions in edible oils.


The purpose of this research is to investigate two software systems engineering approaches for conceptual modeling of applied research projects. The traditional Software System Engineering approach currently recommended by the DoD is IDEF0. More recently in the literature UML has surfaced as a more complete and effective Software Systems Engineering methodology. However to date there is little verifying data that addresses the difference in the two approaches. In fact, there is no objective evaluation methodology to consider the two techniques. What this research presents is a comprehensive methodology for the evaluation of Software Systems Engineering approaches and reports results of applying the two techniques to a single case study. Specifically the research applied a unique Goal-Question-Metric Approach to the evaluation of the "Modeling and Simulation of Cyber War for Information Assurance Vulnerability Assessment" project and reports the results of applying both IDEF0 and UML System Engineering approaches to that project. The evaluation methodology was created through the medium of a simplified sample case. This unique approach broadly integrates program management concerns for cost, schedule and performance with the two Software Systems Engineering approaches. Further, the methodology demonstrated here addresses and measures risk for all three of these concerns. Finally the methodology is broadly applicable to other Software System Engineering problems and provides a context within which the results of software Systems Engineering approach comparison can be measured objectively with conclusions that have a tangible meaning.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate linkages among competitive strategy, strategic capabilities, environmental uncertainty, and organizational performance in small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) in China and the USA. Design/methodology/approach – In China, a survey was administered to managers of SMEs in Shanghai and Guangzhou. In the USA, a survey was administered to managers of SMEs in three major cities. Competitive strategy, capabilities, uncertainty, and performance were measured by previously validated scales. Findings – Findings support the integrity Miles and Snow generic strategic typology. Performance satisfaction was significantly lower in firms employing a reactor strategy as opposed to those employing prospector, defender, or analyzer strategies. Additional support was found for the concept of strategic clarity, as businesses reporting moderate strategic clarity had lower levels of satisfaction with performance than those reporting either a single strategy or a combinat...


Timing-aware ATPGs are being developed to detect small delay faults for high defect coverage for current nanometer VLSI design. However, it results in a large test set compared with test generation targeting traditional fault models. This paper proposes a method to get a limited size of test set with high delay test quality based on statistical delay quality level (SDQL).


Background: Congenital heart defect is one of the main causes of neonatal death. Although the majority of CHD occur in isolation, a significant number of them associate with noncardiac anomalies. Esophageal Atresia (EA)/ Tracheoesophageal Fistula (TEF) is the most common birth defect of the upper gastrointestinal tract. It is estimated that up to 70% of EA/TEF infants have a second another associated congenital anomaly, such as congenital heart disease. This study determined the proportion of cardiac anomalies among upper gastrointestinal (GI) system malformations in Mashhad Imam Reza Hospital.Method: In this retrospective study, records of 38 infants and children with upper GI obstructive disorders were evaluated who referred to Mashhad Imam Reza hospital pediatric heart clinic between 2001 and 2017. Data were entered SPSS version 16 and were analyzed using techniques such as chi-square and T-test.Results: Total of 38 babies with upper G.I. obstructive disorders (20 patients were female, 52.6%), and the mean of birth weight was 2.390 +-0.870 gr. Parents were relative (third-degree or more in 13 patients (34.2%), and 25 patients were nonrelative. Different labeled with the final diagnosis in 4 pt (36.8%) and 24 pt (63.3%), the primary and final diagnosis was the same. Normal echocardiographic findings in 3 pt (7.9%) and abnormal echocardiographic findings in 35 pt (92.1%), 19 pt(50%) had major important C.H.D. and 16 pt (42.1%) had little important C.H.D. Conclusions: The Cardiac defect is the most common associated anomaly in children with EA/TEF, which is divided into two subgroups. The first is an important major CHD that is effective in their gastric surgery and management, and VSD is the most common type of them. The other group is a less important CHD that is not effective in their management.And these patients are at risk for low birth weight and preterm labor


In the absence of quantitative measurements of schreibersite and akaganeite in lunar highland breccias, the fractions of the total Cl and P that are present in these phases cannot be ascertained. On the basis of lunar Fe/sup 0/ concentrations, Fe/sup 0//Ni ratios and KREEP elemental constituents in breccias, estimates of the amounts and mineral sites of P are made. Only minor P is related to metal. Relationships between Fe/sup 0/, Fe/sup + +/, Cl/sub r/ and P in four Apollo 16 breccias and melt rocks may be explained by the fraction of a single residual liquid that each rock contains. Previously reported Cl/sub r//P/sub 2/O/sub 5/ groupings can be based on basalts alone in two cases and on highland breccias in a third; soil and regolith breccia data are consistent with, but not necessary for identifying the groups. The systematics can only be reconciled to a fundamental characteristic of lunar samples, eatablished early and preserved.


A jurisdictional dispute by the federal government and Newfoundland over offshore rights has slowed exploration and development off Newfoundland and Labrador. In contrast, agreement between the federal government and Nova Scotia about offshore rights resulted in a doubling of industry activity around Nova Scotia. While only 1 well was drilled in the Atlantic provinces during 1982, 21 wells were drilled offshore. Exploratory work continued to delineate the oil-producing potential of the Hibernia structure as well as the gas-prone Venture area off Sable Island. Exploratory drilling in Lake Erie decreased most significantly (68%) with only 6 wells being completed. Development drilling declined by 25% to 57 wells during 1982. Conversely, onshore exploratory drilling in Ontario increased 26% compared with 1981. The 39 onshore exploratory wells in Ontario consisted of 5 gas producers, 1 suspended gas producer, 5 oil producers, and 28 dry holes. Sixty-four development wells were drilled (25 gas producers, 27 oil producers, and 12 dry holes), a 16% increase compared with 1981. Seismic exploration onshore in eastern Canada consisted of 496 mi (799 km) in Ontario, 321 mi (517 km) in New Brunswick, and 155 mi (250 km) in Prince Edward Island. Ontario reported 629 mi (1,013 km) ofmore » offshore seismic exploration in Lake Erie, and 3,107 mi (5,000 km) in Hudson Bay. Nova Scotia reported 22,607 mi (36,381 km) of offshore seismic exploration, Quebec 1,864 mi (3,000 km), Prince Edward Island 435 mi (700 km), Newfoundland 33,012 mi (53,127 km), and New Brunswick 285 mi (458 km).« less


The membrane extraction of phenol with linear monoalcyl cyclohexane (IMACH) as an organic solvent was studied. The organic/water distribution coefficient was obtained simply by equilibrating an aqueous solution of phenol with IMACH in a separatory funnel at room temperature. The mass transfer coefficient of phenol in the solvent extraction process was determined using the method of defined interface surface area. The membrane extraction of phenol was carried out in a commercial capillary dialyzer with a membrane surface area of 1.2 m{sup 2}. It was shown that a relatively high extraction efficiency could be achieved (over 90%) in spite of a relatively low distribution coefficient for the observed system (0.27) when the flow rate of the organic phase was higher than the flow rate of the aqueous solution of phenol.


This article presents a data modeling to handle the power flow in a smartgrid. The power flow is studied through RenewSim. It is a simulator dedicated to supply a Data Center which is simultaneously fed by renewable, non-renewable energy sources. Nowadays, the use, optimization of the energy consumption of Data Centers are very broad research areas. The development of energy called "green", how to use them smartly, becomes an inevitable problematic because of the current ecological considerations. RenewSim is based on the use of several energy sources (electricity supplier, solar panels, batteries). This simulator has a center decision controller. It aims at make clever decisions for the use of heterogeneous sources. The contribution of this article is a data modeling which allows the power redirection by labeled, prioritized the different sources of energy. The priorities, the labels are presented, the results obtained are exposed.


Fishermen's minimum living security system is a part of the social security system.Currently,fishermen's business environment is going downhill and their revenue growth is slowing significantly.Most fishermen's fishing technology and aquacultural skill are quite simplistic.What's worse is that they are commonly poorly-educated.As a result,once they have to leave the sea and give up fishing and aquaculture,they will be likely confronted with the difficulty of reemployment.However,a big gap between fishermen and urban residents exists in the current minimum living security system.How to improve the fishermen's minimum living security system is of great significance to solving livelihood issues and building the socialist new countryside.Countermeasures related with establishing a minimum living security system are put forward,such as improving relevant laws and regulations,financing from different channels,establishing a reasonable security basic line,and helping the fishermen realize reemployment.


Cell counting is a routine task in cell biology and molecular biology. Counting results contribute significantly to assay accuracy. However, currently available automatic cell counting methods often require costly instruments with liquid handling and cleaning hardware. Daily usage requires special reagent and sample preparation, along with routine calibration and maintenance. Due to these limitations, cell counting remains largely a traditional manual operation with hemacytomers for most research laboratories. CellometerTM Auto T4 is an automated system to replace manual cell counting. Like using a hemacytometer, it requires no special counting buffer or cell manipulation. Cells in growth media, PBS or other solutions can be pipetted directly into disposable counting chambers. For cell viability, the standard trypan blue method is used. By using disposable, all plastic counting chambers, samples are isolated within each counting chamber, thus eliminating needs for liquid handling hardware and risk of cross contamination by different samples. There is no washing between each sample and no chance to clog the system.


In this study, the effect of the change in length/diameter ratio on the compressive strength in cylindrical specimens was investigated. For this purpose, specimens with a water / binder ratio of 0.62 were produced using CEM I 42.5 R cement. Core samples of 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150 mm diameters were taken from the produced concretes by using the core drilling machine. The core samples taken were cut with a stone cutting machine in the laboratory environment and samples with the length / diameter ratio of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 were obtained for each diameter. Compressive strength test was carried out on the samples obtained. According to the results, with the increase in the length / diameter ratio, generally the compressive strength of the samples decreased. In addition, it has been determined that there is a linear relationship of up to R 2 =0.88 between length / diameter ratio and compressive strength.


Methods We are building a modified agent-based model to measure the spread of ARI in resource-poor countries. The initial implementation uses health and census data collected during the 2006 Lao visit and incorporates features of recently published agentbased modeling approaches. Modeled agents are restricted to infected individuals and contacts, not the entire population. Model runs are limited to outbreak stages before population behavior changes because of mass fear and emergency policy decisions. Modular software architecture was adopted for portability to similar settings. The surveillance model incorporates estimates of surveillance delays taken from real data. We model both standard and EWORS identification and reporting times as well as the effect of rapid test availability at individual hospitals. This application is eventually intended to be a stand-alone tool for examining the effectiveness of large-scale policy decisions such as travel restrictions or the installation of additional networked surveillance capability.


Industrial process measurement and control systems are used in many industrial sectors in order to achieve production improvement, process optimization and accuracy of measurements. The increasing tendency in the construction of photovoltaic (PV) parks suggests the use of PLC and SCADA systems for the efficient operation. This paper proposes an intelligent automation system for supervising the performance assessment of a photovoltaic park. It is a data acquisition system based on PLC technology with the use of an OPC server and a high level program language for the front end. The front end (Graphical User Interface) is implemented in Visual Basic™. The PV Park has a total capacity of aprox. 17 kWp and consists of fixed and tracking units. There are 13 different types of PV modules installed, of which four are mounted on fixed as well as on tracking systems. The proposed data monitoring and acquisition system is able to record various parameters of the PV park performance.


Recently there has been a growing interest in designing human-in-the-loop applications based on shared approaches that fuse the user's commands with the perception of the context. In this scenario, we focus on user-supervised telepresence robots, designed to improve the quality of life of people suffering from severe physical disabilities or elderly who cannot move anymore. In this regard, we introduce brain-machine interfaces that enable users to directly control the robot through their brain activity. Since the nature of this interface, characterized by low bit rate and noise, herein, we present different methodologies to augment the human-robot interaction and to facilitate the research and the development of these technologies.


Acetone extracts of red chili ( Capsicum frutescens ), garlic ( Allium sativum ) and neem ( Azadirachta indica ) were used to evaluate their insecticidal effects against a dry fish beetle, Dermestes sp. larvae and a mite, Necrobia sp. adult. The concentration of plant extracts were 60, 80 and 100% for Dermestes sp. larvae and 10, 15 and 20% for Necrobia sp. adult. The mortality of Necrobia sp. at 24, 48 and 72 hours after treatment (HAT) indicated that red chili extract possessed the highest insecticidal effect followed by neem and garlic. Mortality was found to be directly proportional to the concentration of plant extracts. For Necrobia sp. (adult) LC 50 values of red chili, neem and garlic were 0.78, 0.85 and 1.68%, respectively at 24 HAT. Red chili was found to possess the highest insecticidal effect among these three with the highest toxic effect at 48 HAT (0.29%) and 72 HAT (0.03%). For the larvae of Dermestes sp., the LC 50 values of red chili was 0.60%, neem 0.69% and garlic 1.15% at 24 HAT, again indicating that red chili had the highest insecticidal effect on dry fish insects. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v21i1-2.16756 Progress. Agric. 21(1 & 2): 93 - 103, 2010


This thesis introduces the measuring method for moisture and density distributing of the cigarette,analyses carefully the application of microwave measuring,automatic control and human machine interface technology in the instrument.


Bonded SOI wafers with a Ta silicide layer are fabricated. The 0.08-µm-thick Ta film sputtered on an oxidized Si wafer is bonded to another Si wafer with a native oxide. When the wafers are uniformly bonded by pulse-field-assisted bonding, Ta silicide forms at the interface. The buried Ta silicide layer is 0.12 µm thick and the sheet resistance is 9 Ω/\Box. From a SIMS analysis, Ta decreases rapidly in Si. This proves that a pure SOI layer for devices can be obtained.


At relatively low concentrations (less than 3M) the aprotic solvents: dimethylsulfoxide, N-methylpyrrolidone, tetramethylurea and hexamethylphosphoric triamide, inhibited beta-D-galactoside transport by whole cells, and the derived membrane vesicles of Escherichia coli. Inhibition was not due to gross leakiness of the membrane and could be largely reversed by a simple washing procedure...


Several examples of failures of components in nuclear or conventional power plants are described. All began with localized corrosion, stress corrosion cracking (SCC), or pitting, associated with contamination by chloride or sulfur. The source of contamination has been identified in some cases to include lubricants, cleaning agents, ion exchange resins, or even moisture condenstion with sulfur dioxide. In the latter, laboratory studies made it possible to determine the conditions of pitting and SCC of austenitic stainless steels (SS) and alloys. Stringent specifications and control of the composition and purity of the chemicals are, therefore, imposed in the plants.


This paper presents a deep reinforcement learning framework that is capable of training the mapless motion planner end-to-end by taking the laser range findings as input and the continuous steering commands as output. Major improvements are introduced in our Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient algorithm (DDPG): parameter space noise is used to encourage exploration and an efficient exploration strategy is designed to boost navigation performance. The proposed learning framework is implemented to train the mobile robot in the Gym-gazebo simulation environment. The simulation study shows that the proposed mapless motion planner can navigate the nonholonomic mobile robot effectively without collisions.


We present experimental and theoretical studies of the effect of an external magnetic field on the 5 s 5 p 3P0–5s2 1S0 forbidden transition in the bosonic Sr atom. In our ultra-cold atomic system, the excitation fraction of the forbidden transition was measured under the circumstance of the different magnetic field strengths by using the normalized detection method. Based on the perturbation theory, we calculated the magnetic-field-induced 5 s 5 p 3P0–5s2 1S0 transition rate as a function of the magnetic field strength. Electronic matrix elements entering the calculation of the transition rate were also used to derive the theoretical excitation fraction as a function of the magnetic field strength. A good agreement was found between the experimental measurements and the calculations. This study should be helpful in evaluating the magnetic field effects on the forbidden transition rate with higher accuracy. Moreover, it can help to understand the ultra-cold atomic interaction in the external magnetic field.


Methods for determining on the retaining structure are presented.Based on design experience of a deep pit,various methods to determinate the "m" of soils are discussed and limitation of traditional "m" method used in retaining structure is presented.


Nowadays, there are a lot of achievements in the field of thermal treating processes, in industrial automation on the market. The paper focuses on giving an alternative approach for the furnace control, in order to contribute to global performance improvement of the heat treatments (providing high quality products, reducing the energy consumption, and the wastes). The paper describes our effort focused on improving implementation techniques for the development of a surveillance system for thermal treating processes, in order to enhance the performance of the entire system. Two approaches (both under development), are discussed: one version of the surveillance system, which supports interpreted languages (Tcl/Tk, Python, Ruby, BLT, TkZinc), and the other one which is based on compiled languages (OOP, Lazarus). These two alternatives are compared from the perspective of a certain operating system: Windows, or Unix. The authors evaluated also the capabilities of using external packages (for networking, graphics, data storing). Finally several guidelines for developing the surveillance system for the class of thermal treatment processes are proposed, and the networking components of the surveillance system are considered from the perspective of a distributed plant (both LAN Ethernet, and wireless solutions)


The present study proposes the integration of mobile fiction Apps (MFAs) in reading instruction to help EFL college students understand the form and content of literary works. It will give examples of fiction Apps that can be downloaded from the Google Play and iPhone App Stores, give the advantages of using MFAs, literary appreciation skills that can be developed with MFAs and instructional stages with MFAs. MFAs can be used as extension activities or as a supplement to in-class reading instruction in ESL/EFL. They are free, easy, and quick to download, update and delete, can be used anywhere, anytime and as many times as the students need. Instruction with smart mobile phones begins with downloading an MFA such as Harry Potter, Oliver Twist, Sherlock Holmes, Wuthering Heights, a novel by Agatha Christi or a collection of stories. Both simplified and original versions can be used depending on the student's proficiency level, story/novel length and difficulty level. A story/novel video, app or e-book can be used online or offline. Some MFAs provide notes and tests. The instructor can ask pre-questions that require the students to identify the plot, setting, characters, main theme, point of view, symbolism, style, and tone of the narrative, and infer the meanings of figurative language and imagery in the story. Questions and students' answers, summaries, comments on each other's' responses can be posted in an online discussion forum, blog or social media page. The students can discuss the elements of a literary work under the instructor's supervision. The integration of fiction Apps showed improved reading comprehension, literary appreciation and text analysis skills among participating students and increased their engagement in reading and literary analysis.


A series of different crystalline phases BiVO4 photocatalysts (tetragonal, monoclinic, and monoclinic/tetragonal heterophase) have been prepared by a coprecipitation and molten salt method. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) results show that an interface of intimate contact is formed in monoclinic/tetragonal heterophase and monoclinic phase is mainly on the surface of nanoparticles. Surface photovoltage (SPV) and transient photovoltage (TPV) techniques are used to further investigate the transfer process of photoinduced charge carriers. The results show that the behavior of photoinduced charges markedly depend on the crystalline phases of BiVO4 samples, and the presence of interface in monoclinic/tetragonal heterophase provides a spatial condition for charge transfer, promotes the separation of photoinduced electron-hole pairs, and changes the migration direction of photoinduced carriers. The relationship between behavior of photoinduced charge carriers and photocatalytic activity was discussed in detail, which would provide a greater insight into the intrinsic reasons of the enhancement in photocatalytic activity.


Affect and meaningfulness in verbal mediation were studied. The design of the study included Phase I, which varied the affect levels (high and low) while holding meaningfulness constant at a medium level, and Phase II, which varied both the affect level (high and low) of the mediators and the level of meaningfulness (high and low) of the non-mediators. Results showed that high-affect mediators produced superior mediation and that an affect by meaningfulness interaction occurred. High affect was more potent than high meaningfulness in producing superior mediation.


A theory is presented to calculate hydraulic conductivity from successive measurements of water content profiles for soil in situ. With unsaturated soil, potential gradients are inferred using moisture characteristics, but with saturated soil these gradients must be measured directly. The weight of overburden can affect in situ soil water suction, and a method for determining this effect is given. The theory was applied to a soil profile with marked changes in moisture characteristics and texture, and conductivity was determined for several depths as a function of water content.


The big synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data era of earth observation depends more and more on deep learning and other data mining technologies. Since SAR data is coherent, differently from incoherent optical data, the use of complex-valued and quaternion neural networks is significantly important for successful applications. This presentation discusses the essence of neural information processing as well as the complex-valued convolutional neural networks and quaternion self-organizing map for feature discovery and SAR data structurization.


A multi-group analysis across gender was conducted to confirm the longitudinal causal relationship between cooperative learning preference and creativity. In this study, the 2nd, 3rd, and 5th data of KELS 2013 provided by the Korea Educational Development Institute were used. The sample was 5,946 students. The analysis results are as follows. First, it was found that parent-child interaction and academic support in the 6th grade of elementary school had a significant effect on both cooperative learning preference and creativity. Second, the self-regression effect of cooperative learning preference and creativity and the difference in path between groups were significant. Third, cooperative learning preference had a significant effect on creativity at the same time point, and the difference in path between groups was also significant. The longitudinal analysis results of cooperative learning preference and creativity in this study can be used as information to help enhance youth creativity using learning style preferences.


AT a critical moment in Wide Sargasso Sea , Antoinette Cosway reflects, 'I will be a different person in England and different things will happen to me', but the person she becomes and the things that happen to her are not the idealized colonial representations she has in mind. How the projection of psychic desires on to the world interpenetrates with the actions of others is a vexed question that Anne Simpson begins to answer in this often fascinating Kleinian reading of Jean Rhys's oeuvre . Rhys's novels, according to Simpson, challenge the reader's ability to distinguish between the protagonists' disfiguring perceptions of others and that which may be actually malevolent behaviour by those in power. 'It is often impossible to determine where a heroine's victimization is depicted as ''real'' and where it functions as a disavowal of personal responsibility that the author fails to critique and even, at times, seems to excuse. But to read . . . almost any Rhys narrative is to come to know how the world takes the shape of one's own image; as one looks through the lenses of suspicion, those on the outside obligingly comply by producing deceitful and exploitative behavior'. Although Simpson has carefully limited her discussion, and a broader scope would have led to a much longer book that was surely beyond her design, her approach does raise some unanswered questions. Simpson's great success is to place Rhys's work within interrelated perspectives of modern psychoanalysis, including Freud and Lacan as well as Klein. She begins her analysis with Rhys's childhood, formed by her emotionally distant parents and her consequential sense of exclusion from what Diana Vreeland called the 'sacred circle' throughout her life. Simpson examines each of the novels, as well as selected short stories, concluding that the main kind of wounding that preoccupied Rhys was the mother/child dyad, in which she depicted the maternal body as forever withholding. Simultaneously, the incestuous Oedipal relation also runs throughout her work. Simpson turns to Klein's object-relations theory for her analysis of After Leaving Mr Mackenzie , in which the body of Julia's ailing mother Anne B. Simpson, Territories of the Psyche: The Fiction of Jean Rhys , Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005. REVIEWS 124 .......................................................................................................


In this paper is presented a possible method for controlling a robot, in this particular case a SCARA robot by using a capacitive 3D hand positioning system. This system makes possible the control of and for virtual reality prototype with application in augmented reality systems.


Hemangiomas and microfistular arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are vascular anomalies with high blood flow velocity. On angiographic examination, they look the same, in the form of a contrasting spot of varying degrees of intensity. A comparative analysis of the angiographic picture in dynamics, during the performance of subtraction angiography, allows for differential diagnosis and clearly identifies the type of vascular anomaly.
Objective. to develop effective angiographic criteria for the differential diagnosis of hemangiomas and microfistular arteriovenous malformations (AVM) using subtraction angiography.
Material and methods. Subtraction angiography of patients with congenital vascular anomalies based on 27 studies.
Results. Analysis of angiographic data, performed in the subtraction mode, made it possible to identify characteristic angiographic differences between microfistular arteriovenous malformations and hemangiomas. The angiographic picture was studied in dynamics. The time between the onset of the arterial and venous contrasting phases, the duration of the parenchymal contrasting phase was calculated. In AVMs, outflow veins appear on the angiogram already in the first second of contrasting arteries due to rapid drainage of contrast through arteriovenous fistulas. The duration of contrasting the AVM shadow is no more than 2–3 seconds. Contrasting of the hemangioma parenchyma appears in the arterial phase at 2–3rd seconds and lasts for a long time from 3 to 10 seconds, due to a prolonged delay of the contrast medium in the cavernous structures of the hemangioma with late appearance of outflow veins.
Conclusions. Performing and analyzing subtraction angiography in patients with congenital vascular anomalies allows instant differential diagnosis between hemangiomas and microfistular arteriovenous malformations without using additional examination methods. This increases the efficiency and quality of diagnostics of patients with vascular abnormalities, allows you to immediately transfer the diagnostic procedure to endovascular surgery. It makes the possible to provide specialized medical care to patients with hemangiomas and AVMs in one session, without additional endovascular intervention.
Key words: hemangioma, arteriovenous malformation, differential diagnosis, angiography.


Purpose. In the developing world, refractive error is a common untreated cause of visual impairment. Lay people may use portable tools to overcome this issue. This study compares three methods of measuring spherical refractive error (SE) performed by a lay technician to a subjective refraction (SR) in a controlled clinical setting and a field trial. Methods. Fifty subjects from Boston, MA (mean age, 24.3 y ± 1.5) and 50 from Nicaragua (mean age, 40 y ± 13.7) were recruited. Measures (performed on right eye only) included (1) AdSpecs, adjustable spectacles; (2) Focometer, focusable telescope; (3) Predetermined Lens Refraction (PLR), prescripted lens choices; (4) SR. Examiners were masked and techniques randomized. Student t-test compared mean SE determined by each method (95% confidence intervals). AdSpecs repeatability was evaluated by repeating measures of SE and visual acuity (VA). Results. Mean (SD) SE for Boston subjects determined by SR was −2.46 D (3.2). Mean (SD) SE for AdSpecs, Focometer −2.41 D (2.69), −2.80 D (2.82). Among the 30 Boston subjects considered in analyses of PLR data (see Methods), PLR and SR obtained mean (SD) values of −0.65 D (1.36) and −0.41 D (1.67), respectively, a statistically significant difference of −0.24 D (p = 0.046, t = 2.09). Mean PLR SE had greatest deviation from SR, 0.67 D. 20/20 VA was achieved by SR, AdSpecs, Focometer, and PLR in 98, 88, 84, 96% of subjects. Mean (SD) SE for Nicaragua subjects determined by SR was +0.51 D (0.71). Mean (SD) SE for AdSpecs, Focometer, and PLR was +0.68 D (0.83), +0.42 D (1.13), +0.27 D (0.79). Mean PLR SE had the greatest deviation from the SR by 0.24 D, which was a statistically significant difference. 20/20 VA was achieved by SR, AdSpecs, Focometer, and PLR in 78, 66, 66, 88% of subjects. Repeated measures by AdSpecs were highly correlated. Conclusions. Although the mean value obtained by each technique may be similar to that obtained by SR, substantial and clinically meaningful differences may exist in some individuals; however, where SR is unavailable they could be a feasible alternative.


Background: Patient safety and optimal resource allocation are essential during the COVID-19 pandemic. We present a COVID-19 prognostic algorithm implemented in real-time as a clinical decision support structure for symptomatic persons under investigation (PUI) for COVID-19 in the emergency department (ED).Methods: The training data included 1,469 patients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 within 14 days of acute care. The validation was done using a retrospective set of 414 SARS-CoV-2 positive patients and a PUI set of 13,271 patients who had symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 test during acute care visit. We performed a real-time model assessment on 2,174 patients with an ED visit and symptomatic test or COVID-19 positive result. The logistic regression prognostic model used demographics, comorbidities, home medications, and vital signs factors. The COVID-19 severity outcome comprised a composite of intensive care unit (ICU) admission, invasive mechanical ventilation (ventilator) use, and mortality.Results: The area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) was 0.87 (95%-CI: 0.83, 0.91) in the retrospective validation and 0.82 (95%-CI: 0.81, 0.83) in the PUI population for predicting COVID-19 severity. The model had an AUROC of 0.85 (95%-CI, 0.83, 0.87) in the real-time set. The rates of ICU admission, ventilator use, and death in patients with the lowest 20% of the scores were zero, significantly lower compared to those rates (20.6%, 9.5%, and 18.1%, respectively) for patients with the highest 20% of the scores in the real-time set. The model performed equitably across racial/ethnic minorities.Conclusion: Our prognostic model score developed on COVID-19 positive patients performed well on PUI patients and in real-time in ED to support clinical decision making.


This study examined the Knowledge of Elementary School Teachers Regarding in ADHD Children Education of ADHD children education for 297 elementary school teachers. The knowledge of ADHD children in inclusive education was made through a questionnaire composed of four areas: attitude, burden, efficacy, and promotional conditions on ADHD children. The collected questionnaire was calculated using technical statistics from the SPSS (WIN 22.0) for frequency and percentage. The results of this study are as follows: First, the teachers of general elementary schools are trying to include education of ADHD children. Second, in the burden of general elementary school teachers on ADHD children education, ADHD children showed interruption of learning, interruption of positive learning atmosphere, interruption of order maintenance of general classroom and teacher's class progress. Third, in the efficacy of general elementary school teachers on ADHD children, they did not have the Knowledge of ADHD symptoms, diagnosis and evaluation of ADHD children, teaching ability for ADHD children education, and ability to deal with ADHD children's behavior. Fourth, in the promotion condition of school for ADHD child education, it was found that there was no connection with external institutions for the support of professional manpower for ADHD children and ADHD child supports.


Evidences like landforms and deformations in loose quaternary sediments, in the argentinian intraplate, at latitude 33o S, southern part of the Cordoba province, suggest that the Neogene tectonic activity continues into the Holocene and certainly had been associated to strong paleoearthquakes. The objectives of this work are to make a reconstruction of the prehistoric seis-micity record of the region by paleoseismological investigations, and to estimate the seismogenic potential of a source with proven Quaternary activity, with the aim of setting the basis to estimate the seismic risk of the region. Six trenches were dug across the trace of the Las Lagunas fault, cutting eolian, fluvial, and lagoon sediments. In the sites, several coseismic deformation and liquefaction structures were observed at a mesoscopic scale. The results allowed the proposal of a retrodeforma-tion model for the fault, calculating the period of recurrence of strong earthquakes, around of 1,2 - 2,0 Kyr. The magnitude of some paleoevents Ms ≥ 6,6 and maximum earthquake were also estimated.


In previous investigations, strains of Clostridium histolyticum producing proteolytic enzymes were identified and a medium formulated for maximum yields (MacLennan et al., 1953); chemical and physical conditions were determined for the precipitation and recovery of these enzymes (Mandl et al., 1953). The enzymes have been used in the treatment of experimental third degree burns (Howes et al., 1959). They were produced on a large scale for treatment of burns and other necrotizing lesions of connective tissues through liquefaction of the partially denatured and denatured collagen. For such use, toxicities of the enzymes must be known. Toxicity depends on the concentration of the enzyme protein, the type of enzyme, the conditions under which the enzyme is allowed to act on the tissue, and on the length of time treatment is continued. C. histolyticum elaborates several enzymes or toxins. The amount of lethal neurotoxin (a-toxin) produced varies with different strains and apparently also with the medium used and the length of incubation. There may be an inverse relationship with the total proteolytic activity produced since less lethal toxin was elaborated by the more proteolytic strains under otherwise identical conditions. In the present study incubation time was kept constant at 18 to 24 hr but volumes and concentrations of medium constituents were varied. Toxicities were also compared for several batches produced in exactly the same way. Strains H4 and 230-2 were selected originally by MacLennan et al. (1953) from 80 strains of C. histolyticum because they were found to produce an abundance of proteolytic enzymes and no or relatively minute amounts of a-toxin. These strains were used to produce the enzymes studied here. For comparison, strain 823 which was selected for good peptidase production and found to produce more lethal toxin has been included.


This paper proposes a functional link artificial neural network(FLANN) model trained using a modified fish swarm optimization (FSO) algorithm for nonlinear system identification. The system modelling problem has been reformulated as an optimization problem. The FSO algorithm has been modified by incorporating the immunity features of the artificial immune systems. Simulation study reveals improved performance of the proposed algorithm over the conventional FSO algorithm for nonlinear system identification.


Speech feature learning is the key to speech mental health recognition. Deep feature learning can automatically extract the speech features but suffers from the small sample problem. The traditional feature extract method is effective, but cannot find the inter-feature structure to generate the new high-quality features. This paper proposes an embedded hybrid feature deep sparse stacked autoencoder ensemble method to solve this problem. Firstly, the speech features are extracted based on prior knowledge and called original features. Secondly, the original features are embedded into the deep network (Sparse Stacked Autoencoder) to filter the output of the hidden layer, to enhance the complementarity between the deep features and the original features. Thirdly, the L1 regularized feature selection mechanism is designed to reduce the hybrid feature set formed by the combination of deep features and original features. Finally, a manifold projection classifier ensemble is designed to enhance the stability of classification. Besides, this paper for the first time proposes a speech collection scheme for mental health recognition. We construct a large-scale Chinese mental health speech database for verification of the proposed algorithm of mental health. In the experimental section, the proposed algorithm is verified and compared with the representative related algorithms. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has better classification accuracy than the other representative algorithms. The proposed method combines the advantages of deep feature learning and traditional feature extraction methods more efficiently to solve the small sample problem.


Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is caused by mutation or deletion of the survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene, resulting in low levels of functional SMN protein. We have reported recently the identification of small molecules (coumarins, iso-coumarins and pyrido-pyrimidinones) that modify the alternative splicing of SMN2, a paralogous gene to SMN1, restoring the survival motor neuron (SMN) protein level in mouse models of SMA. Herein, we report our efforts to identify a novel chemotype as one strategy to potentially circumvent safety concerns from earlier derivatives such as in vitro phototoxicity and in vitro mutagenicity associated with compounds 1 and 2 or the in vivo retinal findings observed in a long-term chronic tox study with 3 at high exposures only. Optimized representative compounds modify the alternative splicing of SMN2, increase the production of full length SMN2 mRNA, and therefore levels of full length SMN protein upon oral administration in two mouse models of SMA.


Effects of temperature, time, solvent addition ratio and number of extraction on contents of effectual components and soluble materials of cinnamon extracts were studied. All of the chemical contents of proximate composition and cinnamic acid, cinnamic aldehyde and eugenol were significantly increased as the extraction temperature increased from to , while little change measured at . During ten hours of extraction at , more than six hours extraction showed a little increase effects the contents of cinnamic aldehyde, eugenol and proximate components. The ratio of solvents added to dried cinnamon also showed improving effects of chemical properties as the ratio increased from 5 to 40 times. Two times of extractions for 1 hour was found to be effective to recover those components.