Recent findings for a young (31.5 ± 0.7 Ma) age of high‐pressure metamorphism at ∼90 km depths in the Eclogite Zone of the Tauern Window, Eastern Alps, prompt the question about the timing of the structural development of the Tauern Window and its relation to high‐pressure metamorphism. We show that all major structures in the Tauern Window, resulting from strong N‐S lithospheric shortening and simultaneous minor E‐W extension, began developing coevally with high‐pressure metamorphism in the Eclogite Zone. Large‐scale strike‐slip shear zones started to form at ∼32–30 Ma and facilitated the spatial accommodation of simultaneous shortening and extension. At least some of the strike‐slip and extensional shear zones operated into the Middle Miocene, either continuously or intermittently, with pronounced activity at ∼21–15 Ma. The considerable exhumation of the Eclogite Zone from ∼90 km depths into the middle crust, and the tectonic development of its framework occurred within only 1–2 Ma after eclogitization. This is evidenced by almost identical ages for eclogite facies metamorphism and for the development of the major structures that bound the Eclogite Zone under blueschist‐ and greenschist facies metamorphic conditions. We discuss a tectonic model in which considerable transpressional shortening and thickening took place in the present central‐southern part of the Tauern Window. We propose that the Tauern Window nucleated here and that most of the regional deformation at ∼32–30 Ma is today found at the periphery of the window and in the adjacent Austroalpine units. Afterward, transpression continued, the window grew to the E, W, and N, and deformation progressed to those parts of the window. Ductile deformation in the present‐day surface level ceased at ∼15 Ma.


The article analyzes across the board the main principle behind the deterioration of resolution of pictures of TV screens.It puts forth a method to improve the self-adaptive elimination of error signals and explains rigorously the basic principle behind an improved resolution with a self-adaptive filter,as well as emphasizes an analysis of the basic principle of the theory behind both the self-adaptive color-difference elimination and the improvement of definition of pictures on screens.


This study reviews literature on cloud computing adoption in organisations to identify its influential factors and its operationalisation in prior literature. We classify the factors that influence the cloud computing adoption using the three contexts suggested by the Technology-Organisation-Environment (TOE) framework, namely, technology, organisation, and environment. The finding suggests that the influences of these factors vary across studies and most of the studies have operationalised cloud computing adoption using intention to adopt cloud computing or binary variable, rather than the actual use of the technology.


A close examination of the engraved and inscribed seals found at Mohenjo-daro in Sindh and at Harappa in the Panjab has led me to the conclusion that what have up to this time been regarded as pictographs or ideographs are letters or characters {ahsaras) closely connected with the characters of the script known as Brahmi. As a result of this study, I have prepared a table (see Plate No. I) of such characters as I have been able to distinguish so far, to serve as a working key to the decipherment of the inscriptions. By the aid of this key I have been able, I believe, to read some of the inscriptions available to me for examination. Out of these I have selected a number, which I have shown on a second plate with the equivalent Devanagari characters written immediately below for the sake of comparison. These identifications must be regarded at present as tentative and as liable to modification or correction hereafter. I have been handicapped by being able to study only the illustrations that have so far appeared in the published records of the Archaeological Survey of India and in a few other publications, which represent but a small proportion of the seals that have been found. I have been induced to put forward my suggested readings at this early stage of my researches by the hope that they may stimulate other scholars to follow up the clues offered and so lead eventually to the complete decipherment of the seals.


(57) ABSTRACT (21) Appl. No.: 10/401,670 In the method according to the present invention, a transmit (22) Filed: Mar. 31, 2003 power for each eigenbeam in a set of eigenbeams forming at least a portion of a multiple transmit antenna system is (65) Prior Publication Data determined based on noise associated with each eigenbeam US 2004/O190643 A1 Sep. 30, 2004 in the set of eigenbeams. The set of eigenbeams is for transmitting a number of parallel complex Gaussian chan (51) Int. Cl. nels. H04L 27/04 (2006.01) H04B 7/00 (2006.01) 11 Claims, 2 Drawing Sheets


We report on accurate measurements of photorefractive optical damage in congruent and Mg doped -phase channeled LiNbO3 waveguides. Whereas for undoped waveguides optical damage threshold intensities are about 200 W/cm, no optical damage has been found in Mg-doped waveguides up to 1 MW/cm. Results are discussed comparing them with data in planar waveguides and with the recent two transport model for the photorefractive effect in undoped LiNbO3 Keywords-component; photorefractive effect, proton exchanged channelled waveguides, optical damag


To address the issue of pre-service teachers being under-prepared for work in multicultural and impoverished environments in America's urban schools, teacher education programs have taken steps to improve diversity-oriented curricula and provide relevant fieldwork experience. However, research indicates that a large proportion of teacher candidates still do not have the necessary skills to deal with students from divergent upbringings. This interpretive study investigated the beliefs of pre-service teachers about urban students and how well their teacher education programs are addressing the issues of working in inner-city schools. The results revealed that, although some progress has been made, a significant gap remains between the need to prepare teachers for work in urban schools and the reality that many teacher education programs fall short of this goal. The authors concluded that further research is necessary to pinpoint the failings of teacher education programs in training future teachers


Robotized assembly is a potential field of manufacturing engineering research, pertaining to the scenario of advanced automation in todays' industrial environment. The paper describes the paradigms of robotic assembly with the aid of a stochastic model, based on the real-life study of a multi-sensory system. The sensory system, comprising a force sensor, a torque sensor, two proximity sensors and a laser sensor, is placed judiciously around the wrist of an industrial robot. The model has been developed on the basis of dynamic simulation of the entire robotic system, starting from the on-line calibration of each of these sensors. The model has been delineated with analysis, mathematical formulae and logical backup and has been verified through experimentations in order to perform typical assembly tasks.<<ETX>>


The convexity induced by the geodesics in a graph G is called the geodesic convexity of G. Mycielski graphs preserve the property of being triangle-free and many parameters such as power domination number, coloring number, determining number and recently general position number have been determined for them. In this work, we determine the geodesic convexity parameters viz., convexity, geodetic iteration, geodetic, and hull numbers for Mycielski graphs for which the underlying graphs considered are path, cycle, star, and complete graph.


Ham Sok-Hon (1901-1989) was one of the most influential twentieth-century thinkers in the political and social situation in korea. His thought of life is more than just a historical and social theory. Moreover, his concept of life has an important meaning with profound implications for the ecology of life and religion. Ham Sok-Hon`s thought is based on the reconstruction of the integral understanding of our living experience in pain and suffering. In his view, the experience of life is understood as a dynamic and complex essence of a spiritual process in the suffering of world history. It is clear that Ham Sok-Hon`s concept of life has had a major impact on forming a new perspective and reflection on the understanding of life, on all living things and humanity in the 20th century. This article examines the ways in which Ham Sok-Hon understands the phenomenon of life from the viewpoint of the integrated dimension between the inner spirituality and outer history. Especially, I emphasize in this study Ham Sok-Hon`s idea and meaning of life for the development of the understanding of God`s involvement for the higher evolution of our natural, social and spiritual world. The article elaborates on the development and status of the concept of life in Ham Sok-Hon`s hermeneutics. It could be significant for theology and religion to grasp his contribution: this creative, historical and spiritual understanding of life.


The traditional paradigm of foreign direct investment (FDI) suggests that FDI is undertaken principally to exploit some firm-specific advantage in a foreign country which provides a locational advantage to the investor. However, recent theoretical work suggests a model of FDI in which the motivation is not to exploit existing technological advantages in a foreign country, but to access such technology and transfer it from the host economy to the investing multinational corporation via spillover effects. This paper tests the technology sourcing versus technology exploiting hypotheses for a panel of sectoral FDI flows between the United States and major OECD nations over a 15 year period. The research makes use of Patel and Vega's (Research Policy, 28, 145–55, 1999) taxonomy of sectors which are likely a priori to exhibit technology sourcing and exploiting behaviour respectively. While there is evidence that FDI flows into the United States are attracted to R&D intensive sectors, very little support is found for the technology sourcing hypothesis either for inward or outward FDI flows. The results suggest that, in aggregate, firm-specific 'ownership' effects remain powerful determinants of FDI flows.


The Atlantic Shelf magnetic anomaly is a linear anomaly near the edge of the continental shelf. It extends from Argentia, Newfoundland, to Jacksonville, Florida, The anomaly is apparently continuous except near latitude 40°N, where it is disrupted by an inferred transcurrent fault. Where observed, it ranges in width from 30 to 80 km and in amplitude from 150 to 600 γ. The peak of the anomaly lies over or on the shoreward flank of a basement ridge in three areas where seismic refraction and aeromagnetic traverses nearly coincide. Geophysical data suggest that the basement ridge is a buried, quiescent island arc and that the magnetic anomaly is caused by intrusive end extrusive rocks emplaced during an earlier, more tectonically active phase in the development of the arc.


Estrogens protect against diet-induced obesity in women and female rodents. In support of these anorectic effects, lack of estrogens in postmenopausal women is associated with weight gain, increasing their risk for cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Estrogens act with leptin, a satiety hormone encoded by the ob gene, to regulate energy homeostasis in females. Leptin-deficient mice (ob/ob) exhibit morbid obesity and insulin resistance. In addition to estrogens and leptin, the gut microbiome (gut microbes and their metabolites), is critical in regulating energy metabolism. The present study investigates whether estrogens and leptin modulate gut microbiota in ovariectomized ob/ob (obese) or heterozygote (lean) control mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) that received either 17β-Estradiol (E2) or vehicle implants. E2 attenuated weight gain in both genotypes compared to vehicle counterparts. Moreover, both obesity (ob/ob mice) and E2 reduced gut microbial diversity. ob/ob mice exhibited lower species richness than control mice, while E2-treated mice had reduced evenness compared to vehicle mice. Regarding taxa, E2 treatment was associated with higher abundances of the family S24-7. Leptin was associated with higher abundances of Coriobacteriaceae, Clostridium and Lactobacillus. E2 and leptin had overlapping effects on relative abundances of some taxa, suggesting that interaction of these hormones is important in gut microbial homeostasis. Taken together, these findings suggest that E2 and leptin profoundly alter the gut microbiota of HFD-fed female mice. Understanding the function of E2 and leptin in regulating gut microbiota will allow the development of therapies targeting the gut microbiome for hormone-dependent metabolic disorders in women.


For Sn2P2S6 ferroelectrics with three-well potential under hydrostatic compression the second order phase transition approaches tricritical point as expected according to Blume-Emery-Griffiths (BEG) model. Joint consideration of BEG model and known ANNNI model, describing the incommensurate phase appearing as a result of competitive interactions, allows one to draw conclusion about possibility of tricritical point presence on temperature-pressure diagram of Sn2P2S6 without incommensurate phase appearing. Investigations of temperature dependences of longitudinal ultrasound velocity at different pressures for Sn2P2S6 crystals confirm such conclusion.


408 to determine etiology on clinical grounds alone. Significant bowel pathologies, for example, neoplasia, can manifest with nonspecific symptoms. Fecal markers are emerging as important primary investigative tools for chronic diarrhea. Their cost-effectiveness, wide availability, and noninvasiveness, supported by good scientific data reporting their high-performance, make them attractive options for investigation. In this study, we describe the diagnostic role that fecal markers play in the common conditions encountered in gastroenterology clinics.


Software Testing is helpful to alleviate the developers' task in improving the system. But in doing software testing, there are problems faced by developers, including information that become a benchmark in the feasibility of software testing. Many factors are used to obtain information or benchmarks. These factors can include line code, program structure, business processes and the time used in conducting trials. A test case is needed to ensure one of the two testing processes. The first is to make sure the data type of the entered data. The method of this process is called Equivalence Class Partitioning (ECP). The second is ensuring the lower bound value, the middle bound value, and the upper limit value of the number of strings as inputs of a system module. The method of this process is called Boundary Value Analysis (BVA). The purpose of this study is to compare the ECP and BVA methods. The expected result of this study is to find out the best method between ECP or BVA. Comparison of calculations using standard matrix testing. This study uses 5 parameters as benchmarks. Based on this study, the ECP method is superior to BVA with 5 parameters used as benchmarks.


The educational centers are institutions that receive multiple demands of the society, which they cannot always reply suitably. In the last years, the arrival of an important number of newcomer students has supposed a new challenge for the teaching staff and for the dynamics of work of the classroom that incorporates newcomer students, after spending a time in the classrooms of reception. In this article we are interested showing the opinion of the professionals of the secondary education about the successes, the doubts and the educational uncertainties that brings up in their


This film is a classic portrayal of a doctor's transformation as a result of his own experience of illness. Like a lot of Hollywood movies, it shows the hero overcoming adversity and coming out a better person; it also a reflection on the different aspects of being a doctor.

William Hurt plays Dr Jack McKee, a cardiac surgeon, who is lively and technically competent, but also arrogant, and who has appalling doctor-patient communication skills. Why is it always the surgeons that seem to be this way? Maybe there is some truth in what Dr McKee says on his ward round with his subservient junior staff, that a surgeon needs to be quick and decisive, and that concentrating on the patient's agenda can be distracting. His big fear seems to be that if he becomes sensitive to the patients' needs and fears, he will be paralysed into inactivity.

Dr McKee develops an irritating cough, and eventually after coughing up blood he goes to see an ear, nose, and throat surgeon in his own hospital, the glamorous Dr Lesley Abbott. There is brilliant acting here by William Hurt, as he portrays a patient having a laryngoscope shoved down his choking throat and then being told bluntly by Dr Abbott, "You've got a growth, doctor." She, rather like Margaret Thatcher, seems to feel that she has to be as tough as the men to survive in her professional world.

We follow Jack McKee trying to come to terms with his illness, while also carrying on his work as a heart surgeon, and we see just how difficult it is to be both a doctor and a patient, especially when you are playing both roles in the same hospital. The best scenes show the powerlessness and frustrations of being a patient, from nearly being given a barium enema intended for a neighbouring patient, to the endless waiting around and poor staff communication.

The film is much less effective when straying away from the medical arena to portray Jack's close relationships. Finding difficulty communicating with his wife, he seeks solace with a fellow radiotherapy patient, who is dying from a brain tumour. Despite being terminally ill, she is beautiful and elegant with her shaven hair, and they run away together, dancing into the sunset in the Nevada desert. Pure Hollywood schmaltz!

Jack discards his female ENT surgeon for a more sensitive male colleague whom he had previously ridiculed for being a nerd, but now clearly recognises as the sort of doctor he needs. He survives surgery and the temporary loss of his voice, and is finally reconciled with his long suffering wife. He returns to work as a much more caring and effective doctor, able to successfully combine the technical and human qualities of being a doctor.

I use this film extensively when teaching medical students, but it has a lot to teach all doctors, at all stages of their careers.


Kenya has varied geographical and ecological conditions that support diverse flora with potential for production of various plant chemicals. Amongst them are plant gums and resins of which gum arabic, oleoresin, Eucalyptus oil, myrrh and frankincense are of commercial importance. The progress that has been made and initiatives being undertaken to create awareness and realise full commercial production are the focus of the present paper.


In studying the combustion of double base (D. B) propellants,a coulometric nitrogenoxides detector, differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) and a long-focus microphotographiccamera are used to determine respectively the amounts of NO_2NO, the dissociation heat Q,the activation energy E and the dark zone thickness L. In the combustion process of the double base propellant, there must be a gas-soild hetero-geneous reaction between NO_2. and the propellant, and this reaction is an important stepaffecting the combustion rate of the propellant. This reaction is catalyzed by the rateincreasing catalysts. As a result, the burning rate can be increased greatly. Inhibition ofsuch a reaction by plateau catalysts is one of the factors that produce the plateau. Bothsets of catalysts are effective in the dark zone, which have no remarkable effect on theburning rate.


This paper describes Blawx, a prototype web-based user-friendly Rules as Code tool, powered by a goal-directed answer set programming. The paper briefly describes Rules as Code, and introduces desireable qualities for Rules as Code tools. It provides justifications for Blawx's implementation of the Google Blockly library, and the s(CASP) reasoning system. It then provides a step-by-step tour of how Blawx allows a user to generate an answer set program representing their understanding of a statute, and use that encoding to power an application. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of the current short term and anticipated long-term development objectives for Blawx.


Analyse the present situation and severe challenges of higher professional education in some less-developed areas in our country objectively,we must liberate our ideas and go along with the time.Meanwhile,we must creat the ideas about the development,definit the orientation of running schools,and promote the sustainable development of higher professional education,construct the quality guarantee system of teaching,implement the brandization and internationalization development strategies,set up the multiple investment system,and promote the industrialization of higher professional education.


Based on the phenomenon of the abnormal temperature rise of a 300MW turbogenerator's stator winding issue coolant during operation,this paper provided a comprehensive analysis of the cause and solution.It also gave improve proposals about the generator's coolant system composition to its manufactures.It also gave amending suggestions to the operation regulations of the generator issued by the State Electric Company.


The present situation of water quality of Niulanjiang river are investigated and analyzed based on 7-years' monitoring data in Niulanjiang river basin.The main water pollution sources are discussed.Countermeasures and suggestions on water pollution control are pointed out.


Students who differ from the mainstream, both physically and culturally often find themselves at odds with the culture of schools. Under these conditions, issues of misperceptions and proportionality become paramount. With the heightened anxiety over school safety and the advent of "zero tolerance" regulations, the possibility of unethical and unfair practices for students from poor and minority groups increase considerably. These more regimented and severe policies mean that schools have an even greater obligation to make certain that rules are administered so that they do not further subjugate the most vulnerable segment of our population. A review of the existing and most recent findings on this topic indicates that the schooling of minority students is being further jeopardized by this current mania. A means for a more constructive focus is discussed.


This is a qualitative study of interviews conducted with 24 adult women who experienced sexual harassment while in high school. The research questions addressed are: W hat occurred to you in high school, did you report it to the school/parents/fnends, how did it affect you in high school, and are there any long-term effects you attribute to your experience? Through personal interviews with 24 adult women who categorize themselves as sexual harassment survivors, this study examined their personal coping strategies and histories. The study was designed from a feminist and narrative research approach, thus accounting for its qualitative and exploratory nature. The results o f this study strongly mirrored the research literature examined. The women were harassed primarily by males, either students or teachers. The harassment usually occurred in public areas o f the school with other people present and often participating. Victims rarely reported the harassment to school officials or their parents. The dissertation concludes with limitations o f the study and directions for future research.


Thank you very much for downloading guidelines for representing ecological communities in ecoregional conservation plans. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search numerous times for their favorite novels like this guidelines for representing ecological communities in ecoregional conservation plans, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some malicious bugs inside their desktop computer.


The quasi‐gasdynamic equation system and the numerical algorithm for non‐stationary viscous gasdynamic flow calculations are presented. The quasi‐gasdynamic equation system generalizes the Navier–Stokes equations and differs from it by the additional dissipative terms. The numerical examples are presented. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


In airborne radars, the tracker receives target reports from the signal processing algorithms. The most import parameters for the tracker are target range and range rate as well as target azimuth and elevation position relative to ownship boresight direction. In addition to these parameters, the tracker also needs target positions and velocities in North-East-Down co-ordinates. Finally, the tracker should receive the target track angle and target ground speed. If, in addition, the airborne radar is able to process jammers, the signal processing algorithms can report spokes to the tracker, where only azimuth and elevation direction of the broadband noise jammers are evaluated. In the literature, these jammer "tracks" are denoted bearing only tracks or "Angle only Tracks". As the name implies, the track data include only jammer azimuth and elevation position. If "Kinematic Ranging" is applied, estimates of range and range rate can be calculated from "Angle only Tracks", whereby the ownship platform must carry out a horizontal maneuver in azimuth direction. This paper shows how tracker data can be augmented by parameters calculated from an "Angle only Track" after the maneuver for "Kinematic Ranging" has been carried out.


A great deal of emphasis has been placed on the development of communication competencies among students in light of the significance of effective communication in the 21st century. Past studies identified communication apprehension (CA) as one factor that hindered learners' ability to communicate effectively. This study used a qualitative, phenomenological method involving six (6) participants who have lived experience of CA in a unique Chinese context, the Sino-Foreign Joint Venture, a concept that promotes cooperation of foreign educational institutions with China's educational services industry. In-depth interviews, essays of the participants' experiences, stimulated recall, and classroom observation has been employed. The video-recorded interviews were carried out as the primary method of data collection. The results revealed eight themes identified as anxiety-provoking classroom situations, namely, level of difficulty and familiarity with the topic, incomprehensible input, preparation, interpersonal evaluation and criticism, voluntary speaking and being asked to, making mistakes and losing face, classroom oral presentations, and oral language assessment and rate of recurrence. This study throws in user input to sensitize Sino-Foreign higher education institutions, curriculum developers, and teachers to the debilitating influence of communication apprehension on language learners.


The Learning Activity Mentor Programme (LAMP) is a means by which schools can draw on both materials and mentors to provide enrichment activities for very able pupils. The paper describes how LAMP was established in Christchurch (New Zealand) and the problems and pitfalls are sensitively identified with guidelines suggested for educators intending to establish a similar provision.


This report discusses fast-track negotiating authority, which provides that Congress will consider trade agreements within mandatory deadlines, with limited debate, and without amendment. Trade negotiating objectives have generally been included in fast-track legislation to establish priorities for trade negotiators.


Conventional wisdom presumes that a supplier in a monopolistic market, or in an oligopolistic market that is not perfectly competitive, has the power to charge a supra competitive wholesale price. In contrast, recent economic studies show that the supplier of an intermediate product may not be able to charge a supra competitive wholesale price. This is because the supplier will have an incentive to grant a marginal price concession to one buyer (in exchange for a fixed payment from this buyer) at the expense of competing buyers. The Article demonstrates how vertical integration and vertical restraints can be used to remove the supplier's incentive to grant such concessions, and thus restore the supplier's market power. This reveals an anticompetitive explanation for vertical integration and vertical restraints that has been neglected by legal commentators and decision-makers. Furthermore, the Article exposes more subtle legal implications of the supplier's incentive to grant concessions: vertical merger is more anticompetitive than vertical internal expansion; the "double marginalization" and "input substitution efficiencies" of vertical integration are less important than conventionally thought; when the supplier is contractually bound to enforce vertical restraints, they should raise more antitrust concern; and, in contrast to the case law's rule, minimum resale price maintenance is less anticompetitive than exclusive territories. JEL Class K21, L42, L13 * Assistant Professor, College of Management Academic Studies School of Law, Israel; SJD and Former John M. Olin Research Fellow in Law and Economics, Harvard Law School. Does a Supplier Have the Market Power We Thought it Had? The use of vertical integration and vertical restraints to restore the supplier's market power * David Gilo © 1999 David Gilo. All rights reserved.


Background: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency anemia is the most common metabolic red cell abnormality worldwide. G6PD deficiency anemia is very common in Saudi Arabia. Objective: The aims of the current study were to evaluate and assess knowledge and awareness about G6PD deficiency anemia and to find any association between sociodemographic variables and knowledge about this disease in the Saudi population in Jazan region. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at Jazan University. Results: A total of 709 individuals completed the questionnaire and were considered in the study. In general, the study population had overall fair knowledge, scoring 50% or above on all domains of the study. In addition, we found a significant association between sociodemographic variables, specifically gender, family income and education level, and knowledge/awareness of G6PD deficiency anemia. Conclusion: Our study found fair to good knowledge of G6PD itself, but not of the mode of inheritance among the study population. The study suggests that public health campaigns and screening programs should be conducted and established to screen for these disorders at younger ages, instead of only relying on premarital screening program.


The invention discloses a super-hydrophobic water fluorine silicone/acrylic paint containing nanoparticles. The paint is prepared by mixing the compositions by weight percentage: 30 to 65 percent of water, 10 to 40 percent of silicone-acrylate emulsion, 10 to 40 percent of water fluoro-polymer emulsion, 1 to 10 percent of nano-meter oxid particles, 1 to 15 percent of inorganic hole compound and asmall quantity of inorganic acid used for adjusting the pH value. The invention also discloses a super-hydrophobic water fluorine silicone/acrylic coating prepared by the paint. The water static wrapping angle of the coating is more than 150 degrees and a rolling angle is lower than 5 degrees. The coating prepared by the paint has the advantages of super-hydrophobicity, excellent mechanical property and easy process, etc. and has the self-cleaning function similar to a lotus leaf.


We employ RF‐PCD to monitor silicon quality during processing. We decouple surface and bulk minority carrier lifetime contributions to observe process chemistry and defect reactions. Surface contamination by metals and passivation by hydrogen and halogens are examined in detail. The method provides an effective in‐line monitor of both processes and material performance.


were tested in the study against two aquatic vectors of disease Culex pipiens and the snail lymnaea natalensis , the five plant showed lethal effects against both vectors , Cx. pipiens larvae which showed high susceptibility to Sorghum bicolor extract LC50 184.37 ppm ± 24.02 ppm while the high susceptibility of L. natalensis snail was recorded toward Ambrosia extract LC50 =7.65 ± 1.89 ppm. The activities of the enzymes GST, GOT and ALT as well as the total proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids of Cx. pipiens larvae and the snail L. natalensis were significantly changed compared to the untreated samples. With the presence of some exceptions, most tested plant extracts generally increased GST and GOT activity in both vectors while a significant increase and decrease in the activity of ALT was reported in Cx. pipiens and L. natalensis respectively in most plant extracts. Also, the obtained results indicated that the total protein and carbohydrate contents in both Cx. pipiens larvae and the snail L. natalensis were significantly decreased with all tested plant extracts which are more obvious in L. natalensis . A slight increase in total lipid except for Rosmarinus officinalis which doesn't induce any change in both of them. Based on these alterations, it could be concluded that the studied plant extracts have insecticidal and molluscicidal effects on both Cx. pipiens larvae and L. natalensis respectively.


This work was undertaken to insul'e satisfactory accuracy of analytical results obtained by var ious laboratories using diffcrent fundamcntall'cference methods for the determination of small amounts of carbon monoxide in ail' . As these reference methods are used to es tablish th e composition of atmospheres in many researches dealing with th e hazards, detection, and estimation o f carbon monoxide, it is obviously necessary that essential agreement should exist between th e d ifferent methods and the difI'eren t laboratories engaged in u ch work. The cooperative analyses of identical samples has always been the most direct and successful way of m easuring sigllificant disagreement between differen t laboratori es and different m ethods and of ul timately establishing satisfactory agreement. This approach was used in th e present instance.


Abstract Background and study aims A reliable outcome measure is needed for bowel preparation quality during capsule endoscopy. Currently, no scales are adequately validated. Our objective was to update an existing small bowel preparation score, create a standardized training module, then determine its inter-rater and intra-rater reliability. Patients and methods Modification to produce standardized scoring of an existing small bowel preparation score was performed followed by development of a training module and validation to create the new Korea-Canada (KODA) score. Twenty readers from a range of backgrounds, including capsule endoscopists, gastroenterology fellows, residents, medical students, and nurses rated bowel cleanliness in 25 capsule videos consisting of 1,233 images, in duplicate 4 weeks apart, after completing the training module. Sequential images selected in 5-minute intervals during small bowel transit were rated on a scale between 0–3 based on the amount of visualized mucosa and the degree of obstruction. Reliability was assessed using estimates of intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Results Intraclass correlation coefficients for inter-rater (ICC 0.81, 95 % CI 0.70–0.87) and intra-rater (ICC 0.92, 95 % CI 0.87–0.94) reliability were almost perfect among the 20 readers. Inter-rater reliability ranged between 0.72 (95 % CI 0.57–0.81) and 0.89 (95 % CI 0.79–0.93) for nurses and residents, respectively. Intra-rater reliability was greater than 0.90 for all groups except for nurses, which was still almost perfect (ICC 0.86, 95 % CI 0.79–0.90). Conclusions Almost perfect inter-rater and intra-rater reliability was observed for the KODA score. This simple score could be used for future clinical trials after completion of the training module.


A current mode novel multifunctional WTA network with smart structure is put forward in this paper.This network is reconfigurable with a high precision.It can also realize both absolute rejecting fuction and relative rejecting function.The weighted sum of all the input currents is regarded as a relative threshold in the first kind of relative rejecting when this network is configured in 2 WTA and so it has some adaptibility.If the difference between the first maximum and the second maximum input currents is less than a given value or a certain percentage of the first maximum input current,then a relative rejecting signal is given by the second kind of network.In this case,the network is usually used as a general 1 WTA.These two kinds of rejecting play an important role in the field of pattern recognition.HSPICE simulation of this network gives a good performance.


The interaction between dioxopromethaine hydrochloride(DPZ) and bovine serum albumin(BSA) under physiological conditions was studied by fluorescence spectroscopy,UV spectra and circular dichroism. The results showed that DPZ remarkably quenched intrinsic fluorescence of BSA. The mechanism of fluorescence quenching was confirmed that the combining was brought about by static quenching,and the molar ratio was 1 ∶ 1. The binding constants were 3. 664 × 103(289 K) 、3. 439 × 103(296 K) 、3. 257 × 103(303 K) and 2. 979 × 103(310 K),respectively. The thermodynamic parameters indicated that the electrostatic forces and hydrophobic forces were the main binding forces. According to the Frster theory of non-radiation energy transfer,the binding distances(r) were 3. 161 nm. The results of Synchronous fluorescence,UV and CD spectra showed that DPZ had effect on the conformation of BSA.


Despite the fact that long-term pavement performance is highly dependent on the quality of construction, construction quality has rarely been addressed or considered in Pavement Management Systems (PMS). In this paper the impact of construction quality on pavement performance predictions, and hence the accuracy of PMS analysis, such as priority analysis and capital investment programs, is presented. This impact is demonstrated in this paper and found to be significant. A practical approach to integrate construction quality into PMS analysis is also presented in the paper.


The phrase translation pair extractions is one of the key techniques in the Phrase-based Statistical Machine Translation.Och's phrase extraction method heavily depends on word alignments,so only the phrase pairs which are fully consistent with the word alignments are extracted.This paper proposes a method of phrase pair extraction with a flexible scale.This method can extract those phrase alignments which Och's method can not obtained.The flexible scale is based on the two features: POS and dictionary information.Our experiments have shown that our method outperforms Och's method significantly.


A process for the surface treatment of a magnesium alloy, comprising the following steps, carried out in the following sequence: (i) peened substrate magnesium alloy, (ii) degreasing the substrate, (iii) stripping the substrate, (iv) activating the substrate, (v) contacting the substrate with a solution of chemical conversion coating comprising potassium permanganate between 0.1 and 0.3 M sodium phosphate from 0.01 to 0, 2 M calcium nitrate from 1.0 to 5 g / l yttrium nitrate from 1.5 to 5 g / l and a pH of between 2.5 and 5.


Plasma cell leukemia (PCL) is a rare and aggressive malignant plasma cell tumor that is clinically susceptible to extramedullary lesions. It is classified into two types: primary PCL (pPCL) and secondary PCL (sPCL), of which 60 % are pPCL. The treatment of new drugs such as bortezomib and lenalidomide is important for improving the overall survival and disease-free survival of PCL, especially after induction of bortezomib-based chemotherapy, combined with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT) can improve the survival of patients. Whether to adopt the next step of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) still needs further investigation. For young and suitable patients, early new drug-based regimen chemotherapy combined with auto-HSCT can be used, and if a suitable donor is available, the further allo-HSCT consolidation therapy is feasible. For elderly patients (≥65 years old), a new drug-based regimen can be used to induce chemotherapy, and further followed consolidation therapy plus maintenance therapy. Whether to take auto-HSCT after early induction chemotherapy depends on the individualized factors of the patient. The next generation anti-plasma cells drugs, monoclonal antibodies and other immunotherapies or new drugs in clinical trials are also worth exploring.

Key words:
Leukemia, plasma cell; Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; Bortezomib; Lenalidomide


A perennial theme in the literature of religion and mental health is the need for dialogue between psychiatry and faith-based organisations in the care of people with mental health problems. These worlds are often depicted as oppositional and antagonistic; at times the boundaries are so tightly drawn that it is hard to see where they might share values and concerns. This paper examines the interface areas of religion and mental health care in order to consider where consensus and from where collaboration might emerge. We suggest that while certainly there is a need for dialogue and mutual understanding, there is also a need for psychiatry and faith groups to explore the nature and boundaries of proposed relationships.


The article presents an important aspect in the history of the evolution of legal status of voivode's and starost's as the off ices representing local government administration in the interwar period. Although they were responsible for the whole administration in the province, they had under their control only some branches of administration. At the begining neither voivodes in the voivodeships nor starosts in the counties did not have any legal impact on the off ices which were not placed under their supervision. This article presents how this situation was gradually changing equipping government representatives with the tools to enable them to infl uence on the independent local authorities. The fi nal turning point of publication is the moment of coming into force the presidental decree of 19 January 19 1928 concerning the organization and operation of general administration, which ended the fi rst phase of work on the construction of the administration system of the Republic of Poland in the interwar period. This publication has been prepared based on the sources of universally binding law and the the government acts. The analisys of legal issues was made using formal-dogmatic based on administration law literature, especially of the interwar period. Normal 0 21 false false false PL X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */
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This paper presents an original concept for variable delivery external spur gear machines, which combines the well-known advantages of these units (such as low cost, good reliability, acceptable efficiency) – traditionally fixed displacement – in a solution capable of varying the amount of flow displaced at each shaft revolution. The proposed design concept realizes a variable timing for the connections of each tooth space volume with the inlet and outlet ports, through a movable element ("slider") placed at the gears lateral side. The position of the slider determines the amount of flow displaced by the unit per revolution. In order to extend the range of flow variation achievable by the unit, an asymmetric involute tooth profile for the gears was proposed. A multi-objective genetic algorithm was used to optimize the design of the gears along with the design of the timing grooves in the slider. This algorithm is based on the HYGESIM (HYdraulic GEar machines Simulator) tool developed by the authors' research group for the evaluation of the performance of every particular design. The optimal design solution, capable of achieving 40% flow variation (from 100% to 60%), was realized in a working proof of concept and tested for the case of a pump, although the solution is in principle valid for both pumps and motors. Experimental results were in line with the numerical predictions and show the potential of this design concept of achieving flow variations in an energy efficient fashion, with volumetric and hydro-mechanical efficiency at reduced displacements in line with other state of the art variable displacement units. Therefore, the proposed design can impact current applications for external gear pumps and motors, offering the additional flow-on-demand capability. Furthermore, it can be utilized in several other engineering applications in which traditional external gear machines were not a viable alternative because of their intrinsic fixed displacement nature.


This work aim was to discriminate sediment provenience tracers in rural catchment. Sediment samples from different points in the headwater (road, forest, riverbank, river sediment deposit) were collected. The concentration of the following chemical elements: Ti, Mn, Fe e Zr, Cu, Zn and Y, were evaluated. Energy Dispersive X‐ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) was the analytical technique applied, which was efficient to detect the chemical composition of the sediments. It was verified that the recent deposited sediment in the river channel displays greater similarity with the materials of the road than with the riverbank. It is probable that the roads has been the mainly sediment source in the studied headwater.


Abstract The quantitative determination of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and DDT metabolites in the parts-per-billion range was compared by using methanol deproteinization and formic acid deproteinization methods. The methanol deproteinization method gave higher recoveries of fortified (in vitro) serum than the formic acid method. The methanol deproteinization method also gave excellent precision in the analyses of DDT and DDT metabolites in human serum that contained either in vivo bound or in vitro fortified DDTs.


The operation and performance of the organic, pentacene-based MOSFETs has been studied using a two dimensional, drift-diffusion approach utilizing a commercial numerical device simulator. Organic semiconductors have been proposed as a replacement for amorphous or polycrystalline-based silicon devices for low cost applications such as RF tags and display drivers. While extensive experimental development of these devices has proceeded, their study using device modeling has received comparatively little attention. In this work, the results of device modeling using a commercial simulator will be compared with the experimental reports for pentacene-based, p-channel MOSFETs for both bottom and top contact geometries. The results demonstrate that commercial simulators can be used to model these devices in spite of the nontraditional nature of the hole transport in organic semiconductors.


Wwe analyze travellers' complaints in a corpus of 80 reviews about four hotels, in the opinions categorized as "poor/terrible" and "very good/excellent" from the platform TripAdvisor. The study is done from the perspective of interpersonal discourse applied to digital genres of tourism (Mapelli 2008, 2016, Suau Jimenez 2011, 2012a, 2012b, 2014, 2016) with the purpose of characterizing not only the relational aspect between author and reader, but also the propositional. We focus on complaints since they are a fundamental part of reviews. We approach the construction of subjectivity in the voice of travelers from attitudinal markers, since they contain a high degree of subjectivity and content. However, we also consider hedges, boosters and self-mention markers because they participate in the modeling of those complaints. Results show a differentiated construction of subjectivity in complaints, in both travelers' opinions categories. It is suggested that resulting discursive strategies obey the pre-determined functional frame of the reviews, either negative or positive. The application of this research framework also demonstrates its methodological capacity to characterize propositional content. The study offers discursive, methodological and socio-linguistic implications.


The soil microbiome (the community of all soil microorganisms and their surrounding environment) is a critical part of our ecological network [...].


In Korea, two types of rice varieties are being cultivated widely, Japonica and Japonica-Indica cross. Generally speaking, the latter shows weak cold tolerance than the former and so brought about many problems in cultural practices. This study was conducted to investigate the effect . of various temperature conditions on rice seedlings growth, especially the contents of chlorophyll and the percentage of nitrogen. And the result obtained indicated the varieties of Japonica-Indica intend to weak cold tolerance than Japonica varieties.


Eopompilus himalayensis Wahis, Lelej et Loktionov, nom. n. is proposed for Pompilus ichneumoniformis Cameron, 1897, nom. praeocc., nec Smith, 1864, nec Patton, 1879 and hitherto unknown male of this species is described and illustrated. A new combination is proposed for Platydialepis ichneumoniformis (Smith, 1864), comb. n. The genus Eopompilus Gussakovskij is newly recorded from India (Sikkim), Laos and Indonesia. An updated key to the species of Eopompilus is given for females and males.


This study was aimed to generate comprehensive information on production objectives, reproductive performance and selection criteria of indigenous sheep types under farmer's management condition in Meket and Gidan districts, North Wollo Zone. Ethiopia. Multistage purposive sampling was employed based on the potential of sheep production. Accordingly 6 rural kebeles (3 from each district) were considered purposively. About 240 households (120 from each district) were used for household survey. Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS 16.0 2007) was used to analyze data. The main objectives of keeping sheep were for income generation followed by meat consumption across the districts compared. Sexual maturity age of Meket ram was 9.04 months whereas Gidan ram was 8.51 months. The average age at first lambing, lambing interval and lifetime lamb crop of Meket Sheep were 16.04 months, 9.14 months and 8.92 lambs, respectively. The corresponding values for Gidan Sheep were 15.57 months, 8.66 months and 9.77 lambs, respectively. Color, growth character and appearance were the most important traits considered by farmers to select breeding rams in both study districts. Ages at first sexual maturity, color, lamb growth and pedigree were the most important trait in choosing of breeding ewes in Meket district. Whereas Ages at first sexual maturity, color, tail type/length and pedigree were the most important trait in choosing of breeding ewes in Gidan district. Therefore, this finding was put baseline for understanding about production objective, Reproductive performance and selection criteria of Sheep and serve as a base for designing a sustainable breeding programme and selection strategies in the study area.


Abstract The author discusses professional teaching ethics and its main principles and values. The theoretical basis of the study is ethics of social consequences and, in its context, primarily the principles and values of humanity and human dignity, including their possible application in the teaching profession and, partially, in the process of teaching foreign languages and Slovak as a foreign language to students from abroad.


Standard 1: Analyze characteristics and properties of two and threedimensional geometric objects. Standard 2: Select and use different representational systems including coordinate geometry and graph theory. Standard 3: Recognize the usefulness of transformations and symmetry in analyzing mathematical situations. Standard 4: Use visualization and spatial reasoning to solve problems both within and outside of mathematics.


Identification of vulnerable plaque plays an important role in coronary heart disease diagnosis for clinicians. In this paper we propose a novel method based on flexible neural tree (FNT) to identify vulnerable plaques in intravascular optical coherence tomography (IVOCT) images. First, a flexible neural tree classifier is constructed by selecting features of the image. Then, the probabilistic incremental program evolution (PIPE) algorithm optimizes the flexible neural tree structure and uses particle swarm optimization (PSO) to optimize the parameters. Experimental results show that this method can effectively identify vulnerable plaques in IVOCT images.


In the 1980s, advances in the passivation of both cell surfaces led to the first crystalline silicon solar cells with conversion efficiencies above 20%. With today's industry trend towards thinner wafers and higher cell efficiency, the passivation of the front and rear surfaces is now also becoming vitally important for commercial silicon cells. This paper presents a review of the surface passivation methods used since the 1970s, both on laboratory-type as well as industrial cells. Given the trend towards lower-cost (but also lower-quality) Si materials such as block-cast multicrystalline Si, ribbon Si or thin-film polycrystalline Si, the most promising surface passivation methods identified to date are the fabrication of a p–n junction and the subsequent passivation of the resulting silicon surface with plasma silicon nitride as this material, besides reducing surface recombination and reflection losses, additionally provides a very efficient passivation of bulk defects. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Although cervical cancer is often preventable, poor access to screening is associated with a large global burden of disease, particularly in lowand middleincome countries, where~87% of deaths and~84% of cervical cancer cases occur annually. Recent analyses have explored increasingly common mRNA APTIMA or HPV DNA screening tests that may offer greater effectiveness than other screening modalities. APTIMA has an advantage since it has greater specificity and similar sensitivity compared with DNAbased tests and could become an accepted primary cervical cancer screening tool. However, data and studies on APTIMA largely derive from highincome countries with populations of mainly European descent and greater resources compared with populations from lowand middleincome countries who bear the majority of the global cervical cancer burden. Here, we discuss the implications of current mRNA APTIMA findings for lowand middleincome countries in Asia. Many lowand middleincome countries in Asia do not have established screening programs and rely on visual inspection tests with acetic acid. The test's costeffectiveness and faster results allow sameday interventions, which minimizes patient followup issues in lowresource settings. However, visual inspection tests with acetic acid may be variable in quality due to reliance upon healthcare workers' interpretations and may not be suitable in older women due to poorer visualization associated with aging. APTIMA, however, requires new HPVbased laboratory infrastructure and trained personnel, carefully calibrated temperature for reagents and samples during storage/transit, and proper handling of assays. Additionally, since APTIMA selfsampling is not recommended, patients must travel to a clinic. Though APTIMA reports high specificity and sensitivity, and has the potential to mitigate unnecessary procedures, the logistical difficulties facing many lowand middleincome countries in Asia may hamper APTIMA's implementation and therefore effectiveness in these settings. Currently, the vast majority of studies analyzing APTIMA are from highincome countries. For instance, a recent metaanalysis on APTIMA selected 80% of its studies and~93% of its total sample size from highly resourced countries. Incorporation of more data from lowand middleincome countries would reframe the results of these studies to better reflect the effectiveness of APTIMA in resourcelimited settings. This is reflected in the variability in sensitivity (37%–96%) and specificity (49%–98%) associated with the visual inspection test with acetic acid, which has been studied to a greater degree in diverse settings. How can we ensure that clinical effectiveness research better reflects the diverse and often complex settings in which new screening tools are implemented? First, developers of tests like APTIMA should include diverse global populations as they develop assays. Second, funding bodies should promote cervical cancer screening implementation research in areas where the burden is greatest. Accessibility in lowand middleincome countries must be considered to truly measure the applicability of new tests. Lastly, researchers should consider moving to effectivenessimplementation hybrid study designs to better capture realworld technology impact. By also gathering reallife data on implementation, potential interventions can be put into practice more quickly and increase the policy relevance of clinical research. While we agree that APTIMA could complement current screening strategies in lowand middleincome countries in the future, tests like APTIMA must be validated in diverse settings to avoid exacerbating global cervical cancer disparities.


The aim of this study is to investigate the factors influencing Brand Consciousness. The researcher used dimensions from various researchers on a sample of 250 local university undergraduate students. Questionnaire was used to gather information. The findings showed that there is a significant relationship between High-Quality Conscious, Price Conscious, Impulse Conscious, Brand-Loyalty Conscious, and Brand Consciousness. The result of the multiple regression showed that Brand Loyalty has the highest influenced on Brand Consciousness.
Recommendation, implication and direction for future research also discussed.


This thesis is about the implementation of neuromorphic algorithms, using, as a first step, data from a silicon retina, mimicking the human eye's behavior, and then evolve towards all kind of event-based signals. These eventbased signals are coming from a paradigm shift in the data representation, thus allowing a high dynamic range, a precise temporal resolution and a sensor-level data compression. Especially, we will study the development of a high frequency monocular depth map generator, a real-time spike sorting algorithm for intelligent brain-machine interfaces, and an unsupervised learning algorithm for pattern recognition. Some of these algorithms (Optical flow detection, depth map construction from stereovision) will be in the meantime developed on available neuromorphic platforms (SpiNNaker, TrueNorth), thus allowing a fully neuromorphic pipeline, from sensing to computing, with a low power budget.


A study was conducted with Rasthali banana during 1996–97 to investigate the effect of certain postharvest treatments like harvesting at different maturity stages viz., 80%, 90% and 100%, air packing of fruits with ethylene absorbent, vacuum packing and newspaper wrapping. It was found that the green life and physiological loss in weight (PLW) decreased with progressive levels of harvest maturity. Storage life similar to that obtained with refrigeration can be achieved at ambient temperature by packing bananas in evacuated bags (vacuum packing). Air packing of fruit dipped in GA3 150 ppm further enhanced the green life than air pack alone. The vacuum packed and air packed fruits showed drastic reduction in PLW during storage compared with control. The organoleptic quality of vacuum packed and air packed fruits were good until 30 days for storage under room temperature beyond which, the quality deteriorated due to carbon-di-oxide injury and crown-rot. Rasthali (Silk) is a sensitive fruit that cannot toLerate CO2 levels above 7%. Hence, vacuum packing is recommended which will maintain the CO2 levels below 7% thereby prolonging the green life.


In a review of Tizard and Phoenix's (1993) study, Sinclair drew attention to the paucity of official statistical information on children of mixed parentage, including the omission of a 'mixed' category in the 1991 Census classification. This article documents the limitations of that classification (which unsatisfactorily accommodated the needs of some 230 000 persons who identified their mixed origins in write-in descriptions), examines the only official sources of information that can be used to estimate the number of children of mixed parentage, including the Samples of Anonymised Records and the Labour Force Survey statistics, and assesses the current policy needs for such information. Finally, the provision for people of 'mixed' ethnic/cultural background in the 2001 Census is discussed


The in vitro metabolism of cnidilin(8-methoxyisoimperatorin) was studied by the microbial transformation method.Twenty fungal strains were chosen for the in vitro transformation of cnidilin.An HPLC-PDA method was used for determination and four metabolites were discovered.Two of them were prepared and identified by 1H NMR and ESI-MS,which are 3"-methoxy-8-methoxyisoimperatorin and 5"-hydroxyl-8-methoxyisoimperatorin.


In this paper, we explained the load modeling of drum washing machine for determining the rating of motor drive device. The motor drive should supply enough current to motor in spite of load variation. However, drum washing machine load torque is not only affected by the weight. Besides, drum washing machine load torque has the frequency which is influenced by the drum velocity. We analyze the forces that affect the laundry. And the load torque is designed by the mathematical equation. Finally, we compare the conventional constant torque and the proposed load torque simulation.


With the rapid development of the construction industry, the demand for energy is also expanding rapidly. The cooling and heating load in the building consumes a lot of energy, which is an important part of the building energy consumption. This paper takes the actual project as an example, under the guidance of the relevant national laws and regulations, analyzes the energy endowment provided by the surrounding environment of the project, and predicts and analyzes the demand of cooling and heating load of the project, so as to further put forward the energy planning scheme of cooling and heating load of the project and analyze its energy saving effect.


Metabolic syndrome (MetS), prediabetes (PreDM) and Fatty Liver Disease (FLD) share pathophysiological pathways concerning type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) onset. The non‐invasive assessment of fatty liver combined with PreDM and MetS features screening might provide further accuracy in predicting hyperglycemic status in the clinical setting with the putative description of singular phenotypes. The objective of the study is to evaluate and describe the links of a widely available FLD surrogate ‐the non‐invasive serological biomarker Hepatic Steatosis Index (HSI)‐ with previously described T2DM risk predictors, such as preDM and MetS in forecasting T2DM onset.


Abstract One of the most important challenges of contemporary progressive politics is building social movements for change that take up the ways that that relations of power are shaped by the interaction and intersection of race, class, gender, sexuality, ability and other lines of power. As such, questions related to coalition—political solidarity across difference—are key. How do we build coalitions that take up the complexity of these power relationships? How do we build movements that don't leave people out? In this article, I will distinguish between two approaches to coalition. The first are coalitions grounded in shared or overlapping interests or goals; in such coalitions, groups identify common ground and then work together towards the achievement of mutual goals or interests. The second is grounded in a process of what María Lugones (2003) calls becoming "interdependently resistant" in which people recognize and back up each other's resistances to multiple relations of power in their everyday lives. This article unpacks the nuts and bolts of building such "everyday coalitions" in our lives.


Tomato is affected by a lot of diseases including bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum (Rs), resulting in fruit yield loss. Chemical control of this disease is not advisable because of hazardous effects on human and environment, hence, the need to use biocontrol agents such as Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). This study investigated the potential of Bt in the control of Rs under screenhouse condition. Six treatments with three replications in completely randomized design were carried out. Agronomic parameters were measured and data collected were analyzed using one - way analysis of variance. Means were then separated using Duncan's Multiple Range Test at p ≤ 0.05. Inoculation of Bt and Rs simultaneously significantly suppressed the incidence of bacterial wilt and promoted plant growth. Higher plant heights (72.70 - 111.00 cm), stem girth (1.63 - 1.90 cm) and number of leaves (103.33 - 125.33) were recorded for plants inoculated with Bt at 9th week after planting compared to plants inoculated with Rs alone. Highest disease incidence was recorded in plants inoculated with Rs alone (100 %), while plants inoculated with Bt had the highest disease reduction (67%). This study revealed that Bt may be used in the control of bacterial wilt of tomato. Keywords: Bacillus thuringiensis , screenhouse, Bacterial wilt, Ralstonia solanacearum , Tomato


ZELNIKER, TAMAR, and OPPENHEIMER, Louis. Modification of Information Processing of Impulsive Children. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1973, 44, 445-450. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of different training methods on perceptual learning of impulsive children. The study employed 2 training methods: a matching to sample method (M) and a differentiation method (D). The M training required Ss to select from a set of stimuli those that were exactly the same as a standard figure, whereas the D training required Ss to find those figures that were different from the standard. 2 groups of 30 kindergarten children were assigned to 1 of the 2 training methods. The training was followed by a transfer test designed to assess different types of information-processing techniques: (a) distinctive features, (b) prototype, and (c) control. For the transfer test, each group was divided into 3 subgroups assigned to 1 of the 3 transfer conditions. The results of the transfer test showed that of the D subgroups, the distinctive-features group was superior to the other 2 groups, which were not significantly different from each other. No significant differences were found among the M subgroups on the transfer test. These data indicated that Ss that had received the D training learned to process, primarily, features distinguishing among the stimuli, whereas Ss that had received the M training did not show a preference for a particular mode of perceptual learning.


Random set theory is closely connected with integral geometry. After a general description, based upon the Choquet theorem, the semi-Markovian property is defined and characterized in terms of integral geometry. Applications are made to Poisson polytopes characterized by conditional invariance properties.


Background. Ethanol-inducible CYP2E1 contributes to increased oxidative stress and steatosis in alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Ubiquitin-conjugation enzyme 9 (Ubc9), the sole E2-conjugating enzyme for sumoylation, is induced in the livers of ethanol-fed mice. Our aim was to examine whether the dysregulated sumoylation could regulate the ethanol-induced CYP2E1 expression in …


EDITOR—Wykurz and Kelly reviewed developing the role of patients as teachers.1 Mental illnesses are ideally suited for patients to be teachers because diagnosis is based on symptoms that they have first hand experience of. This is especially important for schizophrenia, which is considered to be the worst and most devastating mental illness.

Care of schizophrenia has during the past …


At this time the use of Internet services is increasingly being used from various circles. Because its scope is broad, the Internet is ideal when used as a means of obtaining information and increase knowledge or perform various activities online. In scienti c writing, the authors make an online booking application futsal eld. These applications can facilitate the public, especially sports fans futsal make bookings or reservations for rental of the eld without having to come directly to the rental location. But to do the booking, the user is in the compulsory to register as a member. Also on this site there are also news about soccer and futsal are always updated every day. Making an application in writing this using the PHP programming language that serves to create a program on the server side. Programming language was needed because there is connectivity between the interface or interface with existing databases on the server. Then the database was created using MySQL.


tion Proc, vol. 18, no. 4, December 1959, p. 1249. 5 Steinkamp, G. R., Hawkins, W. R., Hauty, G. T., Burwell, R. R. and Ward, J. E., "Human Experimentation in the Space Cabin Simulator. Development of Life Support Systems and Results of Initial Seven-Day Flights," School of Aerospace Medicine Rep. No. 59-101, August 1959. 6 Nelson, J., "Closed Ecology Problems in a Space Cabin Simulator," Fourth Symposium, The Ballistic Missile and Its Space Technology, UCLA, August 24-27, 1959.


Taking the foundational braking system as the study object,and established the ADAMS model of braking system.Meanwhile,the ADAMS's simulation parameters were set,and the kinematic analysis of six braking conditions,which include separate brake valve's full braking,automatic brake valve's common full braking,emergency braking,separate brake valve's full braking with slope,automatic brake valve's common full braking with slope and emergency braking with slope was done.The comparison between simulation data and computing data shows that the difference between two data is less than 4.5%,which proven that the design for foundational braking system was correct and rational and the method had important practical engineering significance.


The emission properties of lead salt continuous‐wave (cw) vertical‐cavity surface‐emitting lasers for the mid‐infrared are presented. The structures, based on high‐finesse microcavities containing PbSe as active medium, show optically pumped cw laser emission up to temperatures of 100 K at a long wavelength of 6.7 μm. Stimulated emission with a very narrow beam divergence below 1° and a large temperature tuning range of 70 nm is found. The measured line width of the laser emission is only 0.6 nm limited by the spectrometer resolution with a strong narrowing with respect to the line width of the sub‐threshold signal. The sharp laser threshold is at a low pump power of 67 W/cm2 and the observed cw output power amounts up to 1.2 mW at 85 K with a conversion efficiency of 0.5 %.


Currently, our world is facing many challenges such as increase in waste flows, energy depletion and climate changes. In addition, global plastics production exceeds 180 million tons per year with yearly increase in supply and demand (Cutter, 2006). These plastics turn to solid waste after their end of life and will accumulate in the environment. Hence, the production of biodegradable plastics is important from an environmentally friendly point of view to reduce the accumulation of plastic waste in the environment (Lovino et al., 2008). Petroleum-based plastic products are characterized as not easily degradable because of their relatively high stability and hydrophobic characteristics (Lovino et al., 2008). Biodegradable plastics offer a lot of advantages such as increased soil fertility, low accumulation of bulky plastic materials in the environment (which invariably will minimize injuries to wild animals), and reduction in the cost of waste management. Furthermore, biodegradable plastics can be recycled to useful metabolites (monomers and oligomers) by microorganisms and enzymes. A second strategy involves degradation of some petroleum-derived plastics by biological processes. A typical example can be seen in the case of some aliphatic polyesters such as Polycaprolactone (PCL) and Polybutylene succinate (PBS) that can be degraded with enzymes and microorganisms [Tokiwa et al.,1976, Tokiwa and Suzuki, 1977a; Tokiwa and Suzuki, 1977b].


The article analyzes the alternative competence based model of the examination in Russian language and culture of speech for students of non-philological faculties, innovative approach is justified for the examination as a means of evaluation of communicative competence; examples of measurement, test materials, specific tasks are also represented.


This study investigates the relationship between the volatility of stock market indexes and the trading volumes of their Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs). Using both OLS and GARCH approaches we demonstrate that the contemporaneous trading volume of S&P 500 ETFs is a key determinant of S&P 500 volatility at both monthly and daily frequencies. Vector autoregressive estimation on the other hand suggests a two-way Granger causality between S&P 500 volatility and the trading of S&P 500 ETFs. A replication analysis of other market indexes and the corresponding ETFs tracking these indexes confirms that these findings are robust.


In the Raman spectrum of potassium ferricyanide several new bands were found at low temperatures. The Raman bands at 665 cm−1 and 840 cm−1 are assigned to the electronic transitions within a ground state manifold of a low-spin Fe3+ ion and that at 935 cm−1 is attributed to a vibronic transition.


In this paper, Apache Spark, the rising big data processing tool with in-memory computing ability, is explored to address the task of large-scale human action recognition. To achieve this, several advanced key techniques for human action recognition, such as trajectory based feature extraction, Gaussian Mixture Model, Fisher Vector, etc., are realized with parallel distributed computing power on Spark. The theory and implementation details for these distributed applications are presented in this work. The experimental results on the benchmark human action dataset Hollywood-2 show that the proposed Spark based framework which is deployed on a 9-node computer cluster can deal with large-scale video data and can dramatically accelerate the process of human action recognition.


A simple algorithm is presented which does not require inversion of the covariance matrix of received signals. Besides computational simplicity, it has the advantage of reducing the sensitivity to beam pointing error.


Averrhoa bilimbi leaf extract (BLE) contains high antioxidant levels. Antioxidants can suppress reactive oxygen species produced during hyperglycemic conditions in diabetes mellitus (DM), which cause damage to liver tissue. This study aimed to determine the BLE effect on fasting blood glucose (FBG), Hepatosomatic Index (HSI), and liver tissue damage. We used 24 mice in 6 different groups, divided by N (normal), K- (DM), K+ (DM+glibenclamide 0.013mg/20gBW), E1 (DM+ extract 6.3mg/20gBW), E2 (DM+ extract 8.4mg/20gBW), and E3 (DM + extract 10.5mg/20gBW). We used an alloxan dose of 120mg/kgBW to induce the DM and then treated with BLE for 14 days. We measured the fasting blood glucose using a glucometer. In addition, we evaluated the liver tissue damage with HSI and Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) stained histological slides. The results showed that BLE significantly reduced the percentage of FBG and liver tissue damage, while HSI showed no significant difference. The most optimal extract dose was 8.4 mg/20gBW (E2 group), with an FBG decrease of 26.44%, a normal cell percentage of 88.56%, and an HSI score of 6.18%. Based on this finding, we concluded that bilimbi leaf extract could lower blood glucose and improve liver histology of diabetic mice but did not significantly affect HSI.


Introduction All drinking water municipalities share the same goal of providing their communities with a reliable source of safe drinking water. To achieve this goal, most water systems must treat their water. The type of treatment used varies depending on the size, source, and water quality.1 Disinfection protects public water systems (PWSs) from potentially dangerous microbes. The most common chemical disinfectants are chlorine, chlorine dioxide, chloramine, and ozone.1,2 These chemical disinfectants can react with natural organic and inorganic matter in the source water to produce disinfection byproducts (DBPs) that are potentially harmful to humans. For example, chlorination of drinking water can produce trihalomethanes, haloacetic acids, and chlorate. While chlorine dioxide treatment generates the inorganic oxyhalide DBPs chlorite and chlorate, and the presence of chloramine has also been known to generate chlorate.2 Ozone reacts with naturally occurring bromide to produce bromate. The International Agency for Research on Cancer has identified bromate as an animal carcinogen and potential human carcinogen.3 The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated4 an excess lifetime cancer risk of 10–5 for drinking water containing bromate at 3 μg/L.*


Research aims to understand the influence of advertising political to perceptions of of the city of medan 2018 with research methodology quantitative. In the determination of sample, used in this research is  a multistage random sampling. Technique election sample approach in formula taro yamane conducted in decker and usually based on territorial division. The sample of the in research is 100 people. The subject of study it involves the voters who lives in urban village Pangkalan mansyur kecamatan medan johor of the city of medan. The results of this study found that there is a powerful relationship between the influence of advertising political to the attitudes voters. 37,00% of respondents said that the call political good affect on confidence voters. 49,00% of respondents said that the call political impact on confidence voters. And only 14,00 % of respondents said that that the call political has not been affecting the confidence voters. The result of the research also see the relationship excellent correlation between the influence of advertising political of the decision choose candidate couple. 43,00% of respondents said that the call political very influential of the decision choose candidate couple. 41,00% of respondents said political advertising to have an influence of the decision choose the couple and only 16,00% of respondents who said that there had there an effect between political advertising by a decree of the choose the couple . Largely through advertising political outdoor media, selector has basis in determining attitudes and his behavior. Behavior can be addressed voters delivery voting rights and make the choice of candidate couple who is, in this case one of a pair of future governors and vice governors north sumatra years 2018-2023.


Most of the mucocutaneous diseases are confined to the stratified squamous epithelium and thus may involve skin, oral and other mucosae like the nasal, ocular, genital mucosa. Some patients present with oral lesions only whereas in others there may be involvement of skin and other mucous membranes. An understanding of the basic molecular aspects of these disorders is essential for proper diagnosis. Once a definitive diagnosis is determined, treatment is focused upon the alleviation of clinical signs and symptoms, referral for consultation with other specialists to assess the extent of the disease process, and the prevention of recurrence.

 Key words: Mucocutaneous disease, desquamative gingivitis, vesiculobullous disorder, pemphigus vulgaris, pemphigoid.


To play a wind instrument well, the player controls several elements in the player-instrument system, beginning with the source of pressurised air in the lungs. The bore of the instrument is a resonant duct whose geometry is controlled by the player's fingers via keys, valves or a slide. At the mouthpiece the player controls several parameters of a nonlinear element (which is an air jet, reed or the player's lips) that produces sustained oscillations. Upstream from this valve is a second resonant duct—the player's vocal tract—whose geometry is also controlled. This paper gives an overview of the interactions of these elements and how they are controlled by the player.


: The intensive deployment of Information Technology in manufacturing systems gives manufacturers an opportunity to promote make-to-order business models and mass customization of products. Facing this wide range of customer needs requires manufacturing control systems to be adaptable to variable demands in terms of product specifications or intrinsic system changes. To this end, the concept of product-driven control considers the product as pivotal to the automation rationale. This approach consists in providing the product with information, decision and communication capabilities in order to make it active in the scheduling and the execution of its manufacturing operations. This paper presents a formal reconfiguration framework for the development of a product-driven shop floor control system and its integration within the context of industrial automation. This approach is illustrated using a case study based on the flexible assembly cell of the AIP-PRIMECA Lorraine university workshop.


We analyze the effect of periodic forcing on a chain of FitzHugh-Nagumo elements in an excitable regime. The element at the end of chain is coupled unidirectional to a single pacemaker, limit cycle oscillator. With a suitable pacemaker's frequency, we find that the suppression of the pulse propagation occurs in some parameter regime, while the isolated pulse propagates stably in the chain. This propagation failure comes from the formation of the "death-spot", where successive pulses annihilate.


A effectiveness evaluation system of medium/long range air to air missiles weapon system is established based on the medium/long range air to air missiles weapon system's tactical indicators.The human factor K of the ADC model has been amended,the factors of aircraft survivability and information of support for capacity have been added in capacity matrix C.The system effectiveness is given under the extended model,and the system effectiveness under the original ADC model is calculated,and an explanation of differences between the two models is given.


Received December 2, 2020; accepted December 2, 2020; J-STAGE Advance Publication released online January 13, 2021 Time for primary review: 1 day Division of Cardiology (H.K., A.E., K.T.), Clinical Laboratory Division (H.Y.), Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan K.T. is a member of Circulation Reports' Editorial Team. Mailing address: Hiroshi Kawahara, MD, Division of Cardiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1 Enyacho, Izumo 693-0021, Japan. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com All rights are reserved to the Japanese Circulation Society. For permissions, please e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com ISSN-2434-0790 Zebra Body Formation Due to Drug-Induced Phospholipidosis Observed on Electron Micrographs


We present a list of distances and peculiar velocities for 1623 RFGC galaxies for three models of collective large-scale galaxy motion on distances about $100 h^{-1}$ Mpc. It is based upon the article [arXiv:0910.4640].
The ASCII version of the list can be downloaded from the AO KNU website: this http URL


For a circular cylindrical magnetic body placed in a uniform axial magnetic field, the charge densities on the end and side surfaces are numerically calculated and illustrated for various cases of different aspect ratio and relative permeability. The results show that the charge densities are proportional to a certain inverse power of distance to the edge; this means that singularity occurs near the edge. The singularity is strongly dependent on the permeability but almost independent of the aspect ratio. Approximative formulas are given for the power indices.


With the evaluation model of the agricultural development sustainability, analyzed the development potential of China's regional rural areas was analyzed.The result indicated that the sustainability of these areas was weak and recyclable economy should be implemented to consolidate the development of agriculture.


Abstract The present study deals with the measurements of active ranges of motion at knee flexion, elbow flexion, shoulder flexion, shoulder extension, shoulder abduction, shoulder medial rotation and shoulder lateral rotation in 360 randomly selected, normal healthy school going boys of Amritsar aged 6-17 years. A double armed goniometer was applied to measure the ranges of motion of the subjects. The findings of the study show a gradual decrease of ranges of motion in knee flexion, elbow flexion, shoulder flexion, shoulder extension, shoulder abduction, shoulder medial rotation and shoulder lateral rotation from age group 6+ years to 17+ years


In vehicular Ad-hoc network safety is one of the major issue for the researcher and it depends on the delivery of the information among the vehicles. Due to the recent advances in the hardware and technology the researcher has concern to improve vehicle and road safety, traffic efficiency, and convenience as well as comfort to both drivers and passengers. The gives a comparative taxonomy of the feature of the different VANETs routing protocols.


The goal of this paper is to investigate the validity of PPP for a heterogeneous group of 12 transition countries with respect to dollar and euro. The analysis relies on monthly data frequency covering the period of 1994-2008. The first generation of panel unit root tests is based on the cross-sectional independency hypothesis. This paper applies five first generation unit root tests. The cross-sectional independency hypothesis is rather restrictive and somewhat unrealistic in the majority of macroeconomic applications of unit root tests. Thus, the second generation of panel unit root tests is characterized by the rejection of the cross-sectional independence hypothesis. Within this second generation of tests, two main approaches are distinguished. The first one relies on the factor structure approach. The second approach consists of imposing few or none restrictions on the residuals covariance matrix and has been adopted the use of nonlinear instrumental variables methods or the use of bootstrap approaches to solve the nuisance parameter problem due to cross-sectional dependency. We employ several second generation panel unit root tests in this paper to scrutinize the validity of PPP theory.


An often-heard justifications state policymakers give for enacting property tax limitations is the assertion that without such limits rising property taxes would force many elderly homeowners to sell their homes. Surprisingly, there has been relatively little empirical research aimed at determining whether the property tax does in fact drive elderly homeowners from their homes. In this paper, we estimate a probit model of the decision to move using a large panel data set that includes data on annual changes in property tax liabilities of all homeowners in Wisconsin. We find that for homeowners under the age of 80, increases in the property tax have almost no impact on decisions to move. Only for homeowners above the age of 79, do large increases in property taxes increase the probability of moving. Even for this group of old elderly, the impact of increases in property taxes on decisions to move is small. We estimate that in 2005, only 1 in 600 Wisconsin homeowners over the age of 79 moved because their property taxes grew at an abovemedian rate. Are Property Taxes Forcing the Elderly Out of their Homes? "I'm being taxed out of my home." 1 "Many people have put their houses on the market because they fear losing their homes. The oldtimers are afraid they won't be able to pay property taxes that have doubled or tripled." 2


Transducer transponder reader for access control. The invention relates to a transducer transponder reader for checking steps, consisting of a transducer dimensional longuilinea form of sufficient length to cover the areas which may be arranged transponder reading, provided with means for anchoring the floor, ceiling or wall in the vicinity of step control, comprising at least two electric windings, of which one is transmitting and one is receiving, with the first normally homopolar type, and the second normally- multipolar.


Flowering plants often produce less seed than the number of flowers they produced. A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of the scape regulation on seed yield and quality in onion (Allium cepa L.) cv. Pusa Ridhi during rabi 2015-16 and 2016-17, at Unit of Vegetable Research and Demonstration Unit (UVRDC), ICARIndian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi. Onion plants producing six scapes/plant were selected and thescape numbers were regulated from 1-6/plant. The results from the present experiment reveal that, scape regulation significantly influences the seed quality. The scape length, umbel diameter was significantly higher by 13.36% and 25.65% respectively, in plants up to three scapes/plant, in comparison to plants with six scapes/plant. Highest number of florets/flower was found in plants with one scape/plant, which was 50.47% higher than the plants with six scape/plant. Plants with single scape produced 88.78% more seed yield/umbel in comparison to plants with six scapes/plant. Seed quality parameters like 1000-seed weight, speed of germination, seedling vigour were higher in plants up tofour scapes/plant. Though there was reduction in the overall yield but the reduced yield is likely to be compensated by high seed vigour which may lead to higher filed emergence. It is suggested that during seed production of onion maximum of four scapes may be retained to obtain seeds with high quality.


Abstract : The purpose of this individual study project is to provide recruiting battalion commanders a handbook which contains ideas to facilitate success in recruiting organizations. Data was obtained through literary research on high performing organizations, a review of current recruiting literature, and the personal interview of USAREC staff members, and former recruiting battalion commanders. Areas critical to recruiting success such as personnel management, sales training, caring, production management, awards, integrity, DEP management, high school programs, and the unique aspects of command in recruiting will be reviewed. This study project is intended to be a synthesis of command experience and research, and at times may differ slightly from current USAREC regulations and recruiting doctrine. (SDW)


A stereoselective synthesis of (3R,3aS,6aR)-hexahydrofuro[2,3-b]furan-3-ol, an important high affinity P2-ligand, in high enantiomeric excess (>99%) is reported. The synthesis features an ester-derived titanium enolate based highly stereoselective anti-aldol reaction as the key step.


Through the analysis of Agricultural major students present situation investigation and the new students change majors' s reason of the Agricultural College of Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, is proposed to stabilize the Agricultural major students solutions and suggestions, to provide theoretical guidance for our school and realize the balanced development of the colleges of the same kind of professional.


Chongqing Model Area of Intelligent Agriculture Information Technology is one of the important projects of 863 plan. This project is based on the application of information technology to spread the technologies of scientific farming through computer network. The project aims at increasing the produce of farmland and makes the new tech and new species benefit the farmers and guide the productivities and management of agriculture and makes the traditional agriculture modernized


Vitamin D deficiency is now recognized as a pandemic. It plays an important role in the development of bone health and possibly non-communicable diseases. The normal range of Vitamin D in the Arab countries is much lower than the international standards. Some Arab countries had made their own national studies to assess serum vitamin D level among women, yet in Egypt there is no national survey done, therefore we tried to assess serum vitamin D level among women during the child bearing period in Egypt and to investigate the factors affecting it.

 To measure vitamin D level among a sample of females during the child-bearing period attending a family medicine center. To identify the factors affecting vitamin D level among studied females.

 In the present study, we included 100 healthy adult females in their childbearing period who were attending a Family Medicine Center. The age of the included women ranged from minimum 19 years to maximum 49 years old with a mean age of 34 ± 8.47 years. We found that the majority of participants have deficiency and insufficiency of vitamin D level; 43% of the included women had vitamin D deficiency and 13% of the women had vitamin D insufficiency. In the present study, we sought to identify the factors affecting vitamin D level among studied females.

 The analysis showed that there was a statistically significance association between the employment status of the included women and vitamin D3 level groups; unemployed women were more likely to have vitamin D deficiency than employed women. In the present study, a statistically significance association was observed between the duration of sun exposure and vitamin D3 level groups. Participants who exposed to sun > 30 min/day were more likely to have sufficient vitamin D level. The results of the present study demonstrated that all participants who consume fish ≥3 times/week have sufficient vitamin D level. Therefore, there was a statistically significance association between a number of consuming fish/week and vitamin D3 level groups. The results of the present study also showed that there was statistically significant association between number of consumed milk cups/day and vitamin D3 level groups. All participants who drink 2 cups of milk have sufficient vitamin D level. In addition, we found no statistically significance association between using multivitamins and vitamin D3 level groups. Half of the participants who were using multivitamins had vitamin D insufficiency.

 Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are prevalent among Egyptian women in childbearing period. In addition, the unemployment, low milk and fish consumption, and infrequent sun exposure are significant risk factors for vitamin D deficiency. Therefore, for improving the health and productivity of women in childbearing period, a routine monitoring system for vitamin D and the other factors should be put in place. Nevertheless, future research on the role of multivitamins supplements and fish consumption in improving vitamin D nutrition is warranted.


Physical and optical properties of optical fibers have improved over recent years significantly. Especially classic UV detection techniques in traditional chemistry, HPLC and dissolution testing rely more and more on fiber optic light guiding techniques to transport light to and from a sample simplifying the design of such detection techniques. An overview on the current status of UV-fiber optical properties will be given in this work. Especially, the reduction of UVdefects in the 215 nm wavelength region leading to a lower drift in the whole system, will be discussed. However, these are not the only parameters of interest in a fiber-optic system. For process control or instrumental analytics, the long-term stability including drift and noise must be determined. This requires stringent fiber test procedures similar to light-sources, connectors and complete detector systems. Further, white-light interference between optical interfaces of a fiber optic detection system due to axial movement, degradation of components and temperature often reduces system stability and must be considered. Finally, a cleaning-in-process of a fiber optic immersion probe will be introduced as a further step of system improvement.