A species cannot survive locally unless its biological requirements are met (niche concept). However, because of the stochasticity of its own dynamics and of the dynamics of its environment, every population is doomed to go extinct. Hence the fate of a metapopulation depends on the balance between colonization and extinction of individual populations. The floristic atlas of the French Drome district by Luc Garraud is the basis and the motivation of our research on this topic. We consider a species' distribution as the spatial map of a single metapopulation. A global theoretical investigation of the processes involved allows us to propose new developments. We show that self-organized spatial and temporal structures are of importance. We also demonstrate that appropriate spatial statistics using spectral analysis allow to evidence metapopulation dynamics. Finally we propose an inference framework that sequentially estimates niche properties and metapopulation features. We use this framework to establish some general ecological features of plant dynamics in the Drome district. We highlight some principles that are of importance to infer ecological processes from spatial occurrence data. The uncertainty principle means that less precise indexes of spatial structure can provide more relevant ecological information, because they filter out local contingent structures. Also, local processes should be inferred using observations at an intermediate scale and not at the scale of the overall system: this allows taking into account the effect of emergent structures. The niche concept and its spatial counterpart, the habitat, are at the meeting point of such ideas. The perspectives we propose in our work offer interesting and promising milestones in the fields of population and community ecology.


The relation between the asymptotic behavior of atomic wave functions and their energies is used to determine model wave functions and their energies, for two‐electron atoms H−, He, Li+, and Be++.


This paper represents the resuilt of an attempt made at the Ulster Hospital for Children and Women to take stock of what knowledge has been gaiine(d of a series of 180 children attending the Hospital for one or more of the triad, rheulmatism, chorea anid car(litis.


Formation of the shell in conchiferan molluscs is characterized by several features common to all representatives of the group. One is the presence of a shell gland or mantle rudiment differentiated from ectodermal cells of an area of the embryonic body that lies close to the rudiment of the hind gut. Another is the differentiation of these cells into three regions of the molluscan mantle that are characterized by cells of different shape and by different functions. Shell production is initiated by cells secreting organic fibres and substances binding them together to a first conch (primary shell). These cells grow across the visceral mass and finally comprise the periostracal groove or grooves found near the growth edge of each conch. Behind this layer ofgland cells ofthe periostracal mantle, the visceral mass is covered with mantle cells that are responsible for the formation of the mineral shell (shell mantle). Anterior to the periostracal cells, a muscular mantle forms that is responsible for the shape of the conch and provides a base for shell secretion in the periostracum-gland zone. In some molluscs the mantle grows into ridges that cover the shell margin and may even enclose the shell. Usually the first shell formed in conchiferan molluscs (primary shell) is attached to the soft tissue by cells of the gland zone that produces it. This zone represents the only attachment between shell and soft tissue (Bandel 1982). Later, A I ^ Bandel, Klaus 1986 04 15: The ammonitella: a model of formation with the aid of the embryonic shell of 1 \l1 \ archa€ogastropods' Lethaia, Vol. 19, pp. l7l_l80. oslo. ISSN 0024-1164.


MicroRNA induced by DNA damage response regulate the expression of FOXP1 and therapy response in CLL, MicroRNA induced by DNA damage response regulate the expression of FOXP1 and therapy response in CLL, MicroRNA induced by DNA damage response regulate the expression of FOXP1 and therapy response in CLL


(With 1 figure)The term 'aquatic macrophytes' refers to a diverse group of aquatic photosynthetic organisms, all large enough to see with the naked eye, being represented by seven plant divisions: Cyanobacteria, Chlorophyta, Rhodophyta, Xanthophyta, Bryophyta, Pteridophyta and Spermatophyta, consisting of at least 41 orders and 103 families ( Chambers et al., 2008 ). This group colonizes many different types of aquatic ecosystems and this variety of environments results from a set of adaptive strategies achieved over evolutionary time ( Thomaz and Cunha, 2010 ).The aquatic macrophyte assemblage is usually composed of species with different life forms and this has been considered very important for maintaining the integrity of aquatic ecosystems (Boschiliaet al., 2008). This community is highly productive in floodplains and their structure shows response closely linked to the flood pulse flood disturbance in these environments (Junk and Piedade, 1993).The process of pulses occurring in Amazonian rivers reaches its greatest amplitude in the floodplain ecosystems (Tundisi, 2007). The variability generated by constant hydrological disturbance promotes new processes of ecological interactions (Junk et al., 1989), generating environmental fluctuations in space and time and providing conditions for the existence of a high diversity of species. These features are observed in the lower stretch of the Xingu River, where large uneven rapids, a series of anastomosing channels, and high amount of tributaries generate specific hydrological conditions and a broad regional limnological heterogeneity. Thus, this scientific note aims to list the species of macrophytes recorded in the Xingu River and tributaries that make up the middle section of the basin of the Xingu River along with 2 full hydrological cycles. This note is related to the large scale limnological survey that is carried out by International Institute of Ecology and Environmental Management in influence area of Belo Monte hydroelectric dam.Between the years 2012 and 2013, 39 sampling stations were monitored quarterly in different types of environments in the riverine landscape, such as the main course of the Xingu River (XR), different lagoons (La), and affluents (Af) of the Xingu River (Figure 1 ). In these stations 106 species of aquatic macrophytes were registered, belonging to 33 families and 1 sub-family (Mimosaceae) (Table 1). The families with the highest species (spp.) richness were: Cyperaceae (35 spp.), Poaceae (17 ssp.), Podostemaceae (6 spp.), Pontederiaceae (5 spp.), Fabaceae (4 spp.) and Onagraceae (4spp.). In contrast, 17 families were represented only by one single species (Figure 1and Table 1).Five biologic forms of macrophytes were recorded in riverine landscape, and those that had a greater number of species were amphibians (41 species), emergent (37 species) and floating (free: 10; prostrate: 6). Rheophyte and submerged, the others 2 forms registered, had 5 and 6 species, respectively.In terms of environments analyzed, the Xingu River showed the highest richness in riverine landscape with 67 species identified. In lagoons and affluents 59 and55species were recorded, respectively ( Table 1 ). Twenty species had high distribution, being registered in all environments analyzed (e.g Salviniaauriculata). On the other hand, 54 taxa occurred only in one type of enviromment ( e.g Thaliageniculata L.) (Figure 1 and Table 1).In the sampled stations on the Xingu River was possible to identify two different regions concerning the distribution of macrophytes, one located in the upstream, with rocky stretches and rapids, where predominated the species belonging to the Podostemaceae family, and another located downstream, with milder hydrological conditions and more backwaters, colonized by species such as Montrichardia linifera and Echinochloa polystachya. Among the species registered in the first region (upstream), it is worth mentioning the occurrence of Mourera fluviatilis, which appears in the list of endangered species of flora (Brasil, 2008).


The first main part, studying the world and man as creatures oriented to Christ, culminates in the fourth chapter, handling the scriptural basis of the natural-supernatural (or "supercreatural") relation, its development in and after St. Thomas, and the modern theories of Rahner, Alfaro, and de Lubac. While committing himself definitively to no position, L. stresses both the need of grace to save man, thus defining his final end, and the radical goodness of creation, even after sin, permitting man to co-operate freely with grace. That basic tension allows creation to be Christocentric without denying the necessary distinction between creation and redemption. Preliminary chapters treated the relation of creation and covenant in the OT, and the essential characteristics of creation: relative autonomy, freedom, and inherent goal in contrast with the nothingness of its origin, which demands a continual creation by God, and man, the center of creation in his social reality, yet called as God's image to a destiny surpassing the world. The second major section studies man's original state, including questions of its historicity and the preternatural gifts, and the effects of original sin. The third section concentrates on grace under various aspects: as presented in the Bible and tradition, as justification or the forgiveness of sins, as divine filiation with the divine indwelling and in its social aspects, and as the "new creation" of man experiencing his life in the world as "graced." Aside from an excellent pneumatic Christology (381-90), most positions analyzed are well known within transcendental theology. L.'s exposition, uniting so many strands in a comprehensive overview, so rich with its utilization of biblical and patristic sources, would serve as an excellent basis for an upper-level seminary or graduate course. Modern Catholic theology's lack of clarity on the natural-supernatural relation, however, leaves room for diversity and criticism: e.g., if the esse of all creatures participates in God's Esse, do not all creatures by nature possess sanctifying grace, i.e., participation in the divine nature? Further, if human freedom remains fundamentally intact after the fall (a condition for co-operating with grace), can God justly condemn a man who never chooses evil? If not, salvation is possible without Christ. Yet, if human nature and freedom are totally corrupt, how are the Protestant extremes of fundamentalist literalism and ahistorical, amorphous liberalism avoided? These dilemmas must be confronted if the balance of L.'s Catholic vision is to be preserved.


We report on low-temperature heat-transport properties of the spin-1/2 triangular-lattice antiferromagnet Cs$_2$CuCl$_4$. Broad maxima in the thermal conductivity along the three principal axes, observed at about 5 K, are interpreted in terms of the Debye model, including the phonon Umklapp scattering. For thermal transport along the $b$ axis, we observed a pronounced field-dependent anomaly, close to the transition into the three-dimensional long-range-ordered state. No such anomalies were found for the transport along the $a$ and $c$ directions. We argue that this anisotropic behavior is related to an additional heat-transport channel through magnetic excitations, that can best propagate along the direction of the largest exchange interaction. Besides, peculiarities of the heat transport of Cs$_2$CuCl$_4$ in magnetic fields up to the saturation field and above are discussed.


Purpose of reviewTo summarize the current knowledge on remodeling in chronic sinus disease. Recent findingsChronic sinus disease is characterized by persistent inflammation of the nasal and paranasal mucosa and is currently classified into two major subgroups on the basis of the absence (CRSsNP) or presence (CRSwNP) of nasal polyps. Transforming growth factor-beta and matrix metalloproteinases are critical factors involved in the remodeling process. SummaryRemodeling is clearly present in chronic sinus disease. Transforming growth factor-beta has been implicated as an important factor in remodeling processes involved in chronic sinus disease, and serves as a main switch for different remodeling patterns in chronic sinus disease.


Objective To evaluate the applicability of activated charcoal in treatment of oral poisoning. Methods The feasibility of clinical manipulation and tastiness of 4 forms of activated charcoal were investigated, with different dosage forms in 35 nurses and 50 volunteers, respectively. The feasibility of the clinical manipulation was assessed by gastrelavage time and block numbers of stomach duet,and the tastiness by volunteers' taking orally. Results The gastrolavage time (151.8±17.8) s for powder, (96.9±24.80) s for suspension, (319.0±82.4) s for tablet and (314.3±93.3) s for suspension(P <0.001). Conclusion There are significant differences in the applicability of activated charcoal in different dosage forms. The suspension is the best form in feasibility. Capsule and tablet are better than powder and suspension in tastiness. Suspension and powder are the worst to accept.

Key words:
Oral poisoning;  Activated charcoal;  Gastrolavage


84 perimenopausal women with uterine bleeding underwent transvaginal ultrasonography and hysteroscopy. Sonographic and hysteroscopic findings have been evaluated on the basis of specimens obtained from either endometrial biopsy, hysterectomy or operative hysteroscopy. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of hysteroscopy and transvaginal ultrasonography were calculated. Hysteroscopy had 91.6% sensitivity, 83.3% specificity, 93.2% positive predictive value and 80% negative predictive value in the diagnosis of intrauterine abnormality, whereas transvaginal ultrasonography had only 67.3% sensitivity, 87.5% specificity, 89.7% positive predictive value and 62.2% negative predictive value. In consequence hysteroscopy is better than transvaginal sonography concerning only the sensitivity (p < 0.01). Transvaginal ultrasonography seems to be an excellent initial diagnostic method, but hysteroscopy is a highly accurate means of diagnosing the cause of excessive uterine bleeding.


ABSTRACT An indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) was developed using a highly sensitive and specific monoclonal antibody against avilamycin. The immunising antigen synthesised through the carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) method was used to prepare antibodies. The established ic-ELISA, after optimisation of conditions, possessed a half maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 7.44 ng mL−1 and the detection limit of 0.21 ng mL−1 in the standard curve. The spiked experiments indicated that the limits of detection were 1.86 µg kg−1 and 2.31 µg kg−1 in swine feed and chicken feed, respectively. In addition, the average recoveries ranged from 74.7 to 105.4% with the coefficient of variation less than 11%. The good correlation (R2 = 0.9818) between the result of ic-ELISA and HPLC demonstrated the reliability of the developed ic-ELISA, which showed that the ic-ELISA developed here achieves the aim of strengthening the monitoring of avilamycin residues and the inspection of import and export related products.


By detecting the status of the user line of PSTN , we have implemented the identification of DTMF dialing numbers by the use of PCS . Meanwhile , we propose the technique that combines hardware and software to fulfill the number detecting . The hardware circuit is made up of the the core of audio decoding device MT8870 , which realizes the separation , filtering ,detection and deco ding to the DTMF signals .The related experiments show that this method is visual, effective and reliable. This paper gives a detailed description of the working principle and the signal converting process of the system .


Research in rehabilitation is often considered uninteresting, ill-defined and impossible to undertake. It is a revelation to many members of the public and health professionals that rehabilitation as a speciality exists, despite there being well over six million people with disabilities and continuing care needs in the UK (Martin et al, 1988). Those who are involved in the provision and receipt of rehabilitation appear to have no doubt as to its value; nevertheless, the call for 'proof' remains. It is not the intention of this editorial to consider appropriate methods of investigation but rather to address some of the assumptions which mitigate against meaningful research being undertaken in rehabilitation.


The proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on Symbolic-Numeric Methods for Reasoning about CPS and IoT (SNR 2020) contains papers underlying talks presented at the workshop. SNR focuses on the combination of symbolic and numeric methods for reasoning about Cyber-Physical Systems and the Internet of Things to facilitate model identification, specification, verification, and control synthesis for these systems.


The covariant density functional theory with the point-coupling interaction PC-PK1 is compared with new and accurate experimental masses in the element range from 50 to 91. The experimental data are from a mass measurement performed with the storage ring mass spectrometry at GSI [Chen et al., Nucl. Phys. A 882, 71 (2012)]. Although the microscopic theory contains only 11 parameters, it agrees well with the experimental data. The comparison is characterized by a rms deviation of 0.859 MeV. For even-even nuclei, the theory agrees within about 600 keV. Larger deviations are observed in this comparison for the odd-A and odd-odd nuclei. Improvements and possible reasons for the deviations are discussed in this contribution as well.


The aim of this essay is to analyze written formative feedback to investigate whether there are certain patterns and differences in feedback given to students with different grades. This is done to expand the knowledge about what the genre of written formative feedback looks like in a Swedish school setting and what it can mean for the students and their teachers. By applying a move-analysis developed by Mirador (2000) and a critical discourse analysis based on modality and transitivity, it has been possible to gain some information about how the social relationship between teacher and student is portrayed and maintained. This study has found that there are differences in written formative feedback depending on which grade the students are associated with. This means that the genre of written formative feedback is dependent on grades and not fully coherent. If further knowledge is gained on these differences, they can be used strategically to create a better setting for feedback reception and interpretation. Material used in this essay is written formative feedback given to 38 different students in Skane, Sweden. The feedback is written by two different teachers at two different upper secondary schools. The material was gathered and anonymized by the students' teachers and written consent has been given to use it in this essay. (Less)


This paper proposes a method for predicting the complexity of meshing Computer Aided Design (CAD) geometries with unstructured, hexahedral, finite elements. Meshing complexity refers to the relative level of effort required to generate a valid finite element mesh on a given CAD geometry. A function is proposed to approximate the meshing complexity for single part CAD models. The function is dependent on a user defined element size as well as on data extracted from the geometry and topology of the CAD part. Several geometry and topology measures are proposed which both characterize the shape of the CAD part and detect configurations that complicate mesh generation. Based on a test suite of CAD models the function is demonstrated to be accurate within a certain range of error. The solution proposed here is intended to provide managers and users of meshing software a method of predicting the difficulty in meshing a CAD model. This will enable them to make decisions about model simplification and analysis approaches prior to mesh generation.


Recovering the state of unobservable power system components due to cyber attacks or limited meter availability is a crucial problem to address to enable efficient monitoring and operation of power systems. The graph signal processing (GSP) framework provides new opportunities to improve power system data analysis by capturing the topological information of the system. In this paper, the recovery of the unobservable states in power systems is formulated as a graph signal reconstruction problem in a GSP framework. Specifically, a novel reconstruction technique based on the statistics of the local smoothness of the graph signals along with the global smoothness of the graph signals is casted into an optimization framework. In contrast to many graph signal reconstruction techniques, which assume band-limited signals to be recovered, the proposed technique is applicable to general graph signals irrespective of their bandwidth. The performance evaluation of the proposed method using simulated graph signals for the IEEE 118 bus system show promising reconstruction accuracy.


N 2011 Reinhard Hütter published an article in First Things entitled "The Ruins of Discontinuity," in which he reflected on the tumult and disorder of the Catholic theological world. For Hütter, that world is fragmented by styles of thought that sever the theologian from the continuities of Catholic tradition, and by an ideology that celebrates "relevance" and "originality" above fidelity. In particular Hütter


— The present proposal is an account of the lives of two men who were scholars and thinkers at the same time. I do not think that a man is entitled to such titles only on the strength of his position and fame in his own age, unless in addition he played so important and significant a role in history that he remains an element to be reckoned with in understanding the continuing evolution of a particular people or humanity in general. Max Mueller ' s position was very impressive in its geographical range, extending from the United States to Japan. When he died, a message came from an Indian Social reformer, Malabari, " All India mourns with you " and that embodied the feelings of all educated Indians. Similarly, Sri Aurobindo was not just a poet or a singer of songs, he was as well a dramatist, a critic and a thinker of great distinction. He is remembered in modern times, more as a great philosopher than as an artist. Sri Aurobindo was a highly educated person, he was a great scholar of such classical languages as Latin and Greek. It is in respect of his scholarship and poetic craftsmanship that he is often compared with John Milton. In the present paper, I plan to explore the mystery and suggestive quality of both these writers which stand for the betterment of human race. And I also propose the techniques by which they have opened the gate of spirituality for everyone. I really appreciate their scholarships that would be exemplary for the contemporary world and for the coming generation.


Phylogeny-based and functional trait-based analyses are used widely to study community composition. In principle, knowing all information about species traits should completely explain phylogenetic patterns in community composition. In reality, phylogenies may contain more information than the collection of measured traits. The extent to which functional trait information makes phylogenetic information redundant, however, is unknown. We used phylogenetic linear mixed models to analyze community composition of 55 understory plant species distributed across 30 forest sites in central Wisconsin. These communities showed strong phylogenetic attraction. Most of the 15 measured functional traits showed strong phylogenetic signal, but they only reduced the strength of phylogenetic community patterns in the abundances and presence/absences of co-occurring species by 57% and 89%, respectively, falling short of fully explaining phylogenetic community structure. Our study demonstrates the value of phylogenies in studying of community composition, especially with abundance data, even when rich functional trait data are available.


In this paper,the actuality of the teaching force in the district undergraduate college built newly is thoroughly analyzed based on requirement put forward by the Ministry of Education about teaching force in the undergraduate education.It is also proposed that integrated system and practical and feasible measure building up the teaching force in the district undergraduate college.The article has certain reference value to building up the teaching force about the district undergraduate college built newly.


The consideration of protein flexibility is long known to be one of the most challenging aspects in computational structural biology. Experimental structures are often used to construct flexible protein models or serve as a reference for flexibility predicting techniques. Therefore, the steadily increasing amount of structural data further improves the fundamental basis of these techniques. However, due to inconsistent annotation or structural deviations in the experimental data, alignment techniques are generally required as an essential prepressing step for the usage of multiple experimental protein structures. In principle, various sequenceand structure-based approach have already been developed which can be applied in these [FRCC07, KSK11]. However, their applicability depends on the particular application scenario. Many structure-based approaches like molecular docking, pharmacophore generation, or the investigation of enzymatic mechanisms focus on protein binding sites and neglect the rest of the protein structure for efficiency reasons. For these applications, it is most relevant that the alignment of the active site is highly reliable. Furthermore, purely sequence-based alignment techniques are not always applicable if the binding site is located at a subunit interface of an oligomeric protein, as in these cases, the assignment of corresponding subunits is not necessarily unambiguous. Structure-based alignment methods mostly target the identification of geometrically conserved motifs which complicates the identification of analogous protein regions exhibiting structural flexibility.


The pH dependence of oxygen-17 N.M.R. linewidths has been measured in H2O, D2O, and an aqueous solution of lysine. In each case, the line is significantly broadened in the region of neutrality as a result of the reduction in the rate of proton transfer which leads to incomplete averaging of the splitting of the 17O multiplet. The modified Bloch equations for exchange between lines of the proton-coupled triplet of H2O and the quintet of D2O have been solved and used to fit the experimental data to provide a direct measure of the rate constants for acid- and base-catalysis. The results show approximate agreement with estimates of the isotope effect based on ionic mobilities and indicate that the amino acid has a significant catalytic effect.


An emergency shutdown of the generator set in a hydropower station caused by the higher temperature of the radial bearing was introduced.The reasons of the shutdown accident were analyzed.The accident lessons were summarized.The preventive measures were put forward,and similar accident can be prevented.


Tamagawa Gakuen has adopted a "2020 Vision" to globalize the delivery of education from primary school to graduate school (Tamagawa Gakuen 2012). In this connection, this article discusses the Department of International Management's efforts to implement a Dual Language Program integrating English and business courses throughout its four year curriculum. Using a Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) approach, (1) a scale, (2) Can Do Statement learning objectives, (3) on-line course materials and (4) proficiency tests are integrated into a GSE (Global Scale of English) eco-system. This should produce students who are not only proficient in English, but also can function in an Englishlanguage work environment.


The objective of this study is to express the four types of personality of a robot based on Myers-Briggs Type Indicator by controlling the size, speed, and frequency of the gestures of a robot and to examine userpsila impressions of the robot by controlling the gesture design factors. The independent variables were three gesture design factors (speed, velocity, and frequency) with two levels each, producing eight gesture types. The eight gesture types were presented in two robot positions, a speaking robot and a listening robot. Participants watched a total of 16 robot gesture samples and evaluated each sample on the personality of the robot and their impressions. The evaluation results provided basic guidelines to express robot personalities through gestures, describing specific methods to control the speed, velocity, and frequency of a gesture. In addition, it was found that personality expression of a robot through gesture and the control of gesture design factors affect user impression of a robot.


Two field experiments were planted during 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 growing seasons in the experimental farm of Sugar Crops Research Institute at sakha kafrelsheikh governorate, Egypt. Split plot design was used in both seasons, main plots were contained nitrogen and potassium fertilizers levels (75, 90 kg N and 24, 48 kg K2O and combinations between them). Whereas, four plant distribution patterns were distributed in sub-plots (20 x 50 cm, 15 x 66 cm, 25 x 40 cm and 30 x 33 cm). Results obtained indicated that maximum root fresh weight, root and sugar yields were obtained when sugar beet was fertilized with high nitrogen and potassium levels (90 kg N and 48 kg K2O/fed) and gave (2.430, 2.520 kg/plant; 36.41, 37.13 ton/fed and 6.47, 6.63 ton/fed) in both seasons, respectively. Whereas, the highest sucrose and total soluble solids and purity percentages were obtained with the lowest nitrogen level (75 kg N/fed.) and with the highest K levels (48 kg/fed.). On the other direction, all these best results were obtained with plant distribution patterns (20 x 50 cm), the space between hills and between ridges. These were true in both seasons. The highest nitrogen and potassium levels surprised the other levels because nitrogen and potassium encourage vegetative growth and increased sucrose accumulation in cells, whereas, patterns (20 x 50 cm) gave good growth by good leaf area which resulted from giving a good chance to plant to take sufficient sunlight which produced maximum carbohydrates and accumulation sucrose in roots.


Today silicon photovoltaic technology is dominating the global market with a total market share of over 95% and efficiencies reaching as high as 26.7%. However, conventional silicon cells have a hard efficiency limit of 29.4% (Auger constrained) and, therefore, the ever increasing efficiency of state-of-the-art silicon devices will soon come to a halt if we do not find ways to fight the major loss mechanisms in silicon photovoltaics. Singlet fission, an exciton multiplication mechanism in organic systems, might offer an effective approach to decrease thermalisation losses in silicon solar cells, accounting for 33% of the solar irradiation. In this report, we examine the potential of direct-charge transfer as a method to combine a singlet fission material with silicon. We simulate such a direct charge transfer device to find that, even for relatively realistic parameters, a 2% absolute improvement on the current record silicon efficiency can be achieved using either pentacene or tetracene, two wellknown singlet fission materials. Optimised, novel, materials could help to increase the power conversion efficiency to values well over 30%, therefore improving on the single-junction Schockley-Queisser limit. However, to reach these efficiencies solutions are needed to drastically enhance the light absorption in the singlet fission layer. As a proof of principle, we fabricate two DCT architectures based on pentacene and silicon and study the performance of the devices. We find evidence of a internal quantum efficiency of about 25% from the pentacene layer. Further research is needed to confirm the singlet fission origin of this photocurrent.


In this paper, an analysis of VLSI interconnetions of a cylindrical multiconductor microstrip transmission line (MMTL) in a multilayered dielectric media based on finite and infinite element methods is presented. An approach is proposed for electromagnetic modeling of cylindrical MMTL (CMMTL) used in circuit simulations. This development is based on the assumption that the finite circuit transverse dimensions are comparable with the operating wavelength and quasi-TEM mode can be applied. A Maxwellian capacitance matrix per unit length (MCMPUL) is derived using energy functional formula of the Laplace's equation. The network equations are also derived applying the modified nodal admittance (MNA) method. The most useful parameters, e.g., modal characteristic impedance, normal mode propagation constant, effective dielectric constant, and networking function are obtained in terms of the MCMPUL. Numerical results are compared with those obtained by means of series expansion method. It is found to agree with other investigated results.


Carbon capture and storage looks to be the most promising option to stem the rise in atmospheric CO2 concentration and its consequences including global warming. Consideration of the various options available suggests that geological storage will probably dominate future carbon-storage efforts. The safest geological storage host is the formation of carbonate minerals. Carbonate mineral formation is favoured by the presence of reactive divalent-metal silicate minerals, in particular basalts and ultra-mafic rocks. In the absence of such rocks the most stable form of injected CO2 is likely to be via solubility trapping, which involves its dissolution into formation waters. The quantity of CO2 that can be stored via solubility depends on the composition of the formation waters and is greatly enhanced by increasing the pH and the formation of aqueous carbonate complexes. © 2010 the European Mineralogical Union and the Mineralogical Society of Great Britain&Ireland.


filters minimizing the level of the root-mean-square or systematic error of estimation of the anisotropic structure orientation observed in the presence of additive white noise is proposed. Results of a comparative analysis of the accuracy of gradient algorithms are presented. It is demonstrated that the use of optimal dierentiating filters


The presence of pre-Quaternary microfossils and anomalously old radiocarbon dates frorh fine-grained organic material in Lake Manitoba sediment suggests that old noncarbonate carbon is contaminating these fine-grained deposits. The relative abundance of the pre-Quaternary microfossils in these muds is used as a guide to correcting the anomalous 14C dates.


The Advanced Test Accelerator (ATA) is a linear induction accelerator for electrons with design goals of 50 MeV and 10 kA. The accelerator consists of a 2.5 to 3 MeV injector and 170 accelerating units, each unit capable of an applied voltage up to 350 kV. At a number of positions in the accelerator, the return current in the beam pipe is measured as a function of time as the beam passes that position. The measuring device, a four quadrant addition, is somewhat sensitive to the transverse position of the beam centroid as well as transverse distribution of current in the beam. Therefore a time-dependent signal may indicate time-dependent transverse motion or beam structure as well as an axial modulation of the beam current. These signals sometimes exhibit spikes and notches on the leading and trailing edges of the beam pulse. The presence of these rapidly varying signals during the rise and fall of the current stimulated this work. 2 references, 4 figures.


staining were positive for Melan-A (B, (cid:1) 200), S-100 IHC (C, (cid:1) 200) and HMB-45 (D, (cid:1) 200). Peripheral blood smears revealed large amounts of malignant cell clusters accompanied with some pigment particles (E – H) ( (cid:1) 1000, Wright-Giemsa staining). Giant multinucleated and binucleated cells showed phagocytosed infrequent tumor cells and mitotic figures in pericardial and pleural fluid (I, J), Notably, abundant tumor cell clusters were also noted both in pleural and pericardial effusion (K, L) ( (cid:1) 1000, Wright-Giemsa staining).


The complexity and diversity of today's architectures require an additional effort from the programmers in porting and tuning the application code across different platforms. The problem is even more complex when considering that also the compiler requires some tuning, since standard optimization options have been customized for specific architectures or designed for the average case. This paper proposes a machine-learning approach for reducing the cost of the compiler auto-tuning phase and to speedup the application performance in embedded architectures. The proposed framework is based on an application characterization done dynamically with microarchitecture independent features and based on the usage of Bayesian Networks. The main characteristic of the Bayesian Network approach consists of not describing the solution as a strict set of compiler transformations to be applied, but as a complex probability distribution function to be sampled. Experimental results, carried out on an ARM platform and GCC transformation space, proved the effectiveness of the proposed methodology for the selected benchmarks. The selected set of solutions (less than 10% of the search space) demonstrated to be very close to the optimal sequence of transformations, showing also an applications performance speedup up to 2.8 (1.5 on average) with respect to -O2 and -O3 for the cBench suite. Additionally, the proposed method demonstrated a 3× speedup in terms of search time with respect to an iterative compilation approach, given the same quality of the solutions1.


Abstract : The compiler is a unified program. The entire program is in core while a JOVIAL program is being processed. A JOVIAL program is processed one statement or declaration at a time--that is, the statement is read, analysed, and binary instructions are generated. Since an intermediate language (IL) is produced during the analyses, the compiler can be divided into the part that produces IL (The Generator), the part that processes the IL (The Translator); and procedures used by each. Some procedures are used exclusively by the generator or by the translator, and some are used by both. (Author)


Abstract : Volatile products of beef irradiated with 56 kGy (5.6 Mrad) and approximately -30 C have been identified and their health aspects discussed in a previous report. In addition to these volatile radiolytic compounds, other, nonvolatile products are possible. This report attempts to identify the compounds which might result from beef irradiation; to estimate roughly the concentrations of such products; and to evaluate their possible hazard to health. There is very little carbohydrate in beef and its radiolytic products should be relatively innocuous in the amounts produced. Few radiolytic products have been identified from the protein component of beef. The bulk of radiolytic products found in beef has come from the fat moiety. Simple triglycerides have been studied extensively and sites of bond scission have been identified. The major products are fatty acids, diglycerides, and diol diesters. The concentrations of these classes have been estimated at approximately 0.5 to 1.0 g per kg irradiated beef. Lesser amounts of many other compounds are possible, including hydrocarbons of varying chain lengths, glycerol, monoglycerides, aldehydes, and ketones. The biological effects of each of these classes have been considered. (Author)


Decision Support Systems (DSS) are essential tools for forest management practitioners to help take account of the many environmental, economic, administrative, legal and social aspects in forest management. This paper is concerned with the technique to develop DSS for forest management system to evaluate models and methods considering all the important factors to categorize the problem. The problem is based on temporal and spatial parameters, number of objectives, decision makers and goods and services. Some of these problem dimensions are inter-related, and we also found a significant relationship between various methods and problem dimensions, all of which have been analysed using contingency tables. The results showed that 63% of forest DSS use simulation modeling methods and these are particularly related to the spatial context and spatial scale and the number of people involved in taking a decision. The analysis showed how closely Multiple Criteria Decision Making is linked to problem types involving the consideration of the number of objectives, also with the goods and services. On the other hand, there was no significant relationship between optimization and statistical methods and problem dimensions, although they have been applied to approximately 60% and 16% of problems solved by DSS for forest management, respectively. Metaheuristics and spatial statistical methods are promising new approaches to deal with certain problem formulations and data sources. Nine out of ten DSS used an associated information system, but the availability and quality of data continue to be an important constraining issue, and one that could cause considerable difficulty in implementing DSS in practice. Very often DSS is used largely based to study market economy. The results suggest a strong need to improve the capabilities of DSS in this regard, developing and applying MCDM models and incorporating them in the design of DSS for forest management in coming years.


Context: One of the factors that leads to improved code maintainability is its readability. When code is difficult to read, it is difficult for subsequent developers to understand its flow and its side effects. They are likely to introduce new bugs while trying to fix old bugs or adding new features. But how do software developers know they have written readable code? Objective: This paper presents a new technique, Code Readability Testing, to determine whether code is readable and evaluates whether the technique increases programmers' ability to write readable code. Method: The researcher conducted a field study using 21 software engineering master students and followed the Code Readability Testing with each student in four separate sessions evaluating different "production ready" software. After the observations, a questionnaire evaluated the programmer's perspective. Results: By following Code Readability Testing, half of the programmers writing "unreadable" code started writing "readable" code after four sessions. Programmers writing "readable" code also improved their ability to write readable code. The study reveals that the most frequent suggestions for increasing code readability are improving variable names, improving method names, creating new methods in order to reduce code duplication, simplifying if conditions and structures, and simplifying loop conditions. The programmers report that readability testing is worth their time. They observe increases in their ability to write readable code. When programmers experience a reader struggling to understand their code, they become motivated to write readable code. Conclusion: This paper defines code readability, demonstrates that Code Readability Testing improves programmers' ability to write readable code, and identifies frequent fixes needed to improve code readability.


Although the transition to turbulence in the
 cylinder wake is considered as well explored we evidence two, so far unreported, facts.
 The bifurcation triggering the three-dimensionality is subcritical and yields a
 hysteretic behavior. The well-known A and B mode are strongly non-linearly coupled and
 co-exist from the very onset of three-dimensionality.


Polymethylsilane (PMS) synthesized by Wurtz type polycondensation reaction was blended to polycarbosilane (PCS) as an additive in melt-spinning process. The prepared blend precursors can be spun into fiber form in the range of 0-1 mass % PMS contents. At 1273K for pyrolysis temperature, the resulting fiber strength decreased as the PMS content increased. At 1573K, however, the strength of the fiber derived from the PMS blend precursor was higher than that of the fiber derived from pure PCS. In the fiber derived from PMS blend precursors, mechanical degradation and crystallite growth at 1673-1773K were reduced.


Aim: Admission to an acute care geriatric unit may lead to adverse outcomes. It is therefore important to identify high-risk patients early so that appropriate management can be instituted to prevent or delay onset of adverse events. The aim of this study is to evaluate one-year mortality and its associated risk factors among hospitalized patients. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study on consecutive patients admitted to an acute geriatric ward in a Singapore hospital from March to April 2013.Demographic and clinical information was collected from patient medical records. Linkage with death records from a national registry was performed. Results: Of the 196 patients assessed, 4.6%, 20.9% and 35.7% died during admission, within six months post-admission and within one year post-admission respectively. Pneumonia and cardiovascular diseases accounted for most of the death cases. In the multivariable logistic regression adjusted by age and gender, abbreviated mental test (AMT) score, admission for falls and depression were found to be significantly associated with death within one year post-admission. In the analysis stratified by gender, AMT score and depression were found to be significantly associated with death in males whereas AMT score and admission for falls were significantly associated with death in females. Conclusions: This study offers significant insight into mortality trends and risk factors for clinicians, hence guiding them in individualizing their management plan for acutely ill geriatric patients. Predicting long-term prognosis will enhance rehabilitation goal-setting and advance care-planning.


Co (II), Ni (II), Cu (II) and Zn (II) were successfully incorporated into silica from rice husk ash (RHA) via a simple sol-gel process to yield the adsorbents RHA-Co, RHA-Ni, RHA-Cu and RHA-Zn respectively. This was shown by EDX. The metal: silicon ratio was found to be 1: 9, 1: 7, 1: 24, and 1: 178 respectively. FTIR showed the presence of similar functional groups for commercial silica, RHA-SiO2, RHA-Co, RHA-Ni, RHA-Cu and RHA-Zn. SEM micrographs showed all samples had porous surface and no sharp edges were observed. These results were consistent with the X-ray diffraction patterns, which showed their amorphous nature. The adsorption of fatty acid on the modified silica was investigated in a batch system, as a function of reaction temperature and the mass of metal-silica complex. The experimental data fitted well to the Langmuir equation, with good correlation coefficients. The equilibrium parameter, RL, revealed that all samples were good adsorbents for these fatty acids. The Gibbs free energy of adsorption, ∆G ads , was found to be between -30 to -37 kJ mol , while ∆H ads and ∆S o ads were found to be between -12 to -32 kJ mol -1 and +15 to +70 J mol respectively. Thermodynamic parameters obtained showed the adsorption process was exothermic in nature. The negative Gibbs free energy values obtained showed the on-going adsorption process was favorable as well as spontaneous. The FTIR spectra of fatty acids adsorbed on the modified silica


Line-of-sight optical wireless systems have the potential to provide extremely high bandwidth communications; the major problem is to ensure that a link can be maintained as transmitter and receiver move relative to one another, and to provide wide area coverage. Cellular systems, or tracking systems that incorporate multiple sources and detectors, have the potential to achieve high bandwidth and provide the necessary area coverage. In the paper, the construction and testing of a cellular tracked demonstration optical wireless link that employs a 3 × 3 array of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers in the transmitter and a 3 × 3 array of silicon photodiodes in the receiver is reported. The link operates at 32.77 Mbit/s and is demonstrated to provide coverage to a BER of 1 × 10-9 across an area of 0.8 m × 0.8 m at a link distance of 2.5 m. This is believed to be the first reported cellular tracked link that demonstrates tracking in two dimensions. Consideration is given to extending the coverage area of the link.


OBJECTIVE
To describe women's perception of health care after they decided to have a voluntary termination of pregnancy and their referral to the abortion clinic.

DESIGN
Qualitative method, using semi-structured interviews carried out between April and June 2005.

SETTING
Primary Health Care District of Seville, Spain.

PARTICIPANTS
Women living in the city of Seville and attending subsidized abortion clinics.

MAIN MEASUREMENTS
Thirty-six women of varying ages and educational level were interviewed. The interview studied the assessment and information given by health professionals, and accessibility and use of family planning services. The results were analysed and triangulated with other studies and experts in the field.

MAIN RESULTS
Most of the women interviewed were satisfied with the health care provided. Occasionally they perceived a bureaucratic attitude from physicians, who transmitted their disapproval and lack of support for an abortion decision. There were important differences in the way they were referred to abortion clinics, and in the information given to the women. Older women opted for private care, because this accelerated procedures and protected their privacy. Most women did not use family planning services before the abortion decision, except for requesting contraception.

CONCLUSIONS
The study found there is a need to reduce the variety of patterns of care for women requesting an abortion, to speed up the proceedings and to train family doctors in assessment and information delivered to women during the process.


This chapter argues that personal sensorial and emotional experiences in fieldwork can be important for the acquisition of anthropological knowledge. Conducting research on gendered subjectivities and discourses of honour and shame in remote Western Nepal as a first‐time female fieldworker, I had a clear realisation of the intersection of senses, emotions and space. The Nepali lifestyle and lived spaces gave rise to a specific bodily praxis, in which corporeality, senses and emotions played an important role. In particular, being categorised as both woman and other attracted much unwanted sexual attention. As a result I 'felt' myself 'in' my body acutely, which at times gave rise to a high level of anxiety and awareness. My chapter will focus on this experience, which led me to feel and (re)act in certain ways. This relates to wider themes of gender, sexuality, comportment and honour in Nepali life, which are issues that Nepali women confront on a daily level. In the chapter, I explore the extent to which managing my visibility and 'dulling the senses' (see Desjarlais 1997) of sight and hearing as techniques of comportment and ease of movement during fieldwork had a significant impact on my understanding Emotions, Senses, Spaces 108 | of how it 'feels' to be a woman in Nepal. This chapter will seek to explore the importance of such corporeal and emotional experiences of the intersection of senses, space and emotion in the acquisition of anthropological knowledge in 'the field'.


Objective To investigate the timing of microsurgery,intraoperative treatment and postoperative therapy for intracranial aneurysm.Methods The clinical data of 22 cases underwent microsurgery within 72 h,adequately to obtained the necessary operation room and intracranial pressure reducing were achieved by judicious use of many preoperative and intraoperative measures such as hyperventilation,diuresis and intraoperative ventriculostomy,etc.Nimodipine and triple-H therapy were utilized to prevent and treat cerebral vasospasm following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage after operation.Results 21 intracranial aneurysms were clipped,1intracranial aneurysm was wrapped.In 20 patients of Hunt and Hess classification gradeⅠ-Ⅲ,good outcome was achieved in 17 cases,moderate disability in 2 cases,severe disability in 1 case.In 2 patients of Hunt and Hess classification grade Ⅳ,severe disability in 1 case and 1 patient died.Conclusion Early operation for intracranial aneurysms could permit a more aggressive treatment of cerebral vasospasm following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage,prevent or decrease the severity of cerebral ischemia or infarction,and eliminate the risk of rebleeding.


This study aimed to determine the performance of Multipurpose Business Cooperatives of Sumber Rejeki according to the perception of cooperative management and member. Determination of respondents was by simple random sampling. The number of respondents was 42 respondents. Samples consisted 9 members of board and 33 members who are still active. Data were collected by direct observation and interviews with respondents. Data were analyzed using the Likert scale. Based on the results of the study, the performance of Multipurpose Business-Cooperative of Sumber Rejeki in Karya Bhakti Village, Muara Wahau Subdistrict, East Kutai District, based on the perception of board was in the good category with a total score of 313 with an average of 34.78. Performance of Multipurpose Business Cooperative of Sumber Rejeki in Karya Bhakti Village, Muara Wahau District based on the perception of members are in the good category with a total score of 1,290 with an average of 39.09. So as a whole performance Cooperative of Sumber Rejeki in the Village of Karya Bhakti belonging to the category of good.


The aim of the article is to conduct a theoretical analysis concerning the role that XBRL – eXtensible Business Reporting Language – a digital and open standard more and more widespread all over the world for business disclosure, could play within governmental financial reporting. Literature about that is poor, and this research topic seems to be particularly relevant: considering the strong need for governments' information transparency strengthened by the fiscal crisis, XBRL could be a useful digital standard to push and improve governments' accountability and information transparency and comparability, also to prevent or avoid future crisis. This issue needs specific research because the role of XBRL within governmental financial reporting is partly different to the role of XBRL in corporate disclosure. How Can Technology Improve Government Financial Transparency? The Answer of the eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL)


Prior research has examined audit pricing for publicly held firms and provided some evidence of a Big 8 premium in pricing. We investigate audit pricing among private firms, and provide evidence that private firms do not pay such a premium on average. The relatively greater degree of dispersion in auditor choice (between Big 5 and non‐Big 5 auditors) in our large sample of privately held audit clients allows us to predict the auditor choice for each firm and to control for potential self‐selection. We reject the null hypothesis that clients are randomly allocated across Big 5 and non‐Big 5 auditors. Using standard OLS regressions, we document a Big 5 premium; however this premium vanishes once we control for self‐selection bias. Moreover, we find that client firms choosing Big 5 auditors generally would have faced higher fees had they chosen non‐Big 5 auditors, given their firm‐specific characteristics. Our results are consistent with audit markets for private firms being segmented along cost‐effective li...


Applied ethics teaching plays an important role in graduate students' education.The teaching staff should clarify the course target,update the teaching concept,innovate teaching material,method and tools,so as to improve the teaching results and cultivate highly qualified professionals.


MO2 HERD IMMUNITY AS A RESULT IN DYNAMIC AGENT-BASED EPIDEMIC MODELS Miksch F, Popper N, Zauner G, Endel G, Schiller-Frühwirth I, Breitenecker F Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria; Dwh Simulation Services, Vienna, Austria; Main Association of Austrian Social Security Institutions, Vienna, Austria OBJECTIVES: Herd immunity describes a phenomenon in the area of communicable diseases. Pathogens are spread by infected persons. Protecting a part of the population—for example via vaccination—lowers the overall appearance of pathogens as these people cannot spread pathogens any more. Not protected people profi t by fewer contacts with pathogens, and further, a lower number of infections for them can be expected. Classic Markov model cannot provide herd immunity as a result. In this work, we propose calculations of herd immunity, create a model that is able to simulate epidemics, and show herd immunity dynamically in different states of the model. Appearance of herd immunity is very disputed because it 1) cannot be measured directly in real life and 2) depends on several factors. METHODS: Classic Markov models require herd immunity as a static input parameter that cannot be provided. The developed agent-based model includes single persons with different infection states and a single pathogen. Every agent is part of a social contact model. It is possible to simulate scenarios without vaccinations and with different vaccination strategies. Herd immunity as a result of the dynamic model is calculated as the reduction of the carrier rate of nonvaccinated persons for a certain vaccination strategy compared with the scenario without vaccinations. RESULTS: Results show herd immunity as simulation result depending not only on vaccination strategies but also on other system parameters. Further work extends the social contact structure with places like households, schools, or workplaces that are expected to have an impact on herd immunity as well. CONCLUSIONS: Results can be implemented in systems for calculating new strategies for vaccination programs. Current work considers two or more concurrent serotypes where herd immunity and serotype replacement affects each other. In this case, different defi nitions of herd immunity are possible.


Background: In this study, we aimed to investigate the diagnostic and prognostic utilities of presepsin and procalcitonin (PCT) in critically ill patients with suspected sepsis, for whom sepsis was diagnosed clinically based on the Survival Sepsis Campaign (SSC) criteria and to compare it with recent criteria of Sepsis-3.
Methods: Blood samples for biomarker measurements of presepsin and PCT were drawn on days 1, 3 and 7 of ICU admission in a total of 26 patients. All patients were followed-up until death or discharge. All studied biomarkers were analyzed according to the diagnosis and severity of sepsis and for prognosis (all-cause mortality) at days 1, 3 and 7. Agreement between the diagnosis of clinical sepsis and presepsin or PCT-based sepsis was assessed using Cohen's kappa
Results: Clinical sepsis (based on Sepsis-3) and presepsin or PCT-based sepsis showed poor agreement (Kappa<0.4). Presepsin levels at day1 correlated significantly with mortality (r=0.45, P; 0.02). The diagnostic value of both presepsin and PCT to diagnose sepsis was weak (Area under curve (AUC) <0.75). The overall agreement in sepsis diagnosis was fair to good based on the both clinical criteria (P<0.05, Kappa: 0.5-0.75). More than 80% of patients (N=21) had sepsis based on presepsin upon admission. Both clinical criteria predicated that less than 20% of patients (N=5) had sepsis upon admission.
Conclusion: Based on our findings, the overall agreement between the diagnosis of clinical sepsis and presepsin or PCT-based sepsis was poor. Also, our results show that the new Sepsis-3 definitions were accurate and equal to the previous definition of SSC guideline. Although, availability of diagnostic assays is variable in Iran, but, it seems that addition of developing decision tools that utilize biomarkers to help aid the rapid diagnosis of sepsis is necessary and may  improve patient outcomes.
Keywords: Presepsin, Pro Calcitonin, Sepsis, Diagnosis


Let $n >3$ and $ 0 1, $ if $n \neq 2k+1$, then the line graph of the graph $ {Q_n}(k,k+1) $ is a vertex-transitive non Cayley graph. Also, we show that the line graph of the graph $ {Q_n}(1,2) $ is a Cayley graph if and only if $ n$ is a power of a prime $p$.


Reranking models have been successfully applied to many tasks of Natural Language Processing. However, there are two aspects of this approach that need a deeper investigation: (i) Assessment of hypotheses generated for reranking at classification phase: baseline models generate a list of hypotheses and these are used for reranking without any assessment; (ii) Detection of cases where reranking models provide a worst result: the best hypothesis provided by the reranking model is assumed to be always the best result. In some cases the reranking model provides an incorrect hypothesis while the baseline best hypothesis is correct, especially when baseline models are accurate. In this paper we propose solutions for these two aspects: (i) a semantic inconsistency metric to select possibly more correct n-best hypotheses, from a large set generated by an SLU basiline model. The selected hypotheses are reranked applying a state-of-the-art model based on Partial Tree Kernels, which encode SLU hypotheses in Support Vector Machines with complex structured features; (ii) finally, we apply a decision strategy, based on confidence values, to select the final hypothesis between the first ranked hypothesis provided by the baseline SLU model and the first ranked hypothesis provided by the re-ranker. We show the effectiveness of these solutions presenting comparative results obtained reranking hypotheses generated by a very accurate Conditional Random Field model. We evaluate our approach on the French MEDIA corpus. The results show significant improvements with respect to current state-of-the-art and previous re-ranking models.


Towards the creative industry today economic activities are forced to intensify information and creativity by relying on ideas and knowledge from human resources as the main key in moving economic activities, housewives and women generally become the main guard in community life to regulate and cultivate the family economy. In fact, housewives have not been able to exploit their potential to help the family economy due to various factors. This community service activity is focused on empowering home industry actors in helping to increase family income, while the problems faced are (1) Lack of knowledge about home industry, 2) Low understanding of the perpetrators of home industry about the importance of the internet to support business activities. The aim of this program is to develop business carried out by groups of housewives to become economically independent communities.


At present,researches on IT curriculum in university have made great progress in macroscopic aspects such as curriculum policy,standing in vivid contrast against few studies of microcosmic factors such as IT curriculum.There are many studies on IT curriculum,but little attention has been paid to learners.These phenomena show the superficial exploration of the curriculum and the lack of humane care in university IT curriculum studies.Researchers of this study develops a CSE questionnaire for undergraduate students.After some modifications,the questionnaire obtains a Cronbach's α which is 0.8055,factor loadings of all indices in the measure model are greater than 2,χ2/df of the measure model is 2.066,RMSEA is 0.069,CFI is 0.93 and NNFI is 0.92.The cross-validation of the questionnaire is very high.Then the differences between students' CSE magnitude,strength and generalizability are investigated with the questionnaire,the result of independent-sample t test shows that males have higher magnitude and generalizability than females,and science students have higher magnitude and generalizability than arts students at the significant level of 0.05.After that,strategies of improving CSE according to traits of learners in IT curriculum are proposed to give some references to improvement of IT teaching effect.Empirical study will be carried to test them.


The goals of this work were to determine whether stable aberration frequencies are proportional to chromosome size and whether aberration frequencies are chromosome specific. We analyzed photographic slides of metaphase cells from a previously characterized population of 24 healthy, unexposed adults and 3 umbilical cord blood samples in which stable aberration frequencies in chromosomes 1, 2 and 4 were previously determined by single color painting. From these same subjects we hybridized replicate microscope slides and measured aberration frequencies in chromosome 3, 5 and 6 painted in unique colors. The aberration frequencies in chromosome 3, 5 and 6 were similar to those observed in chromosomes 1, 2 and 4, after adjusting for the different amounts of the genome that were painted. The distribution of damage in the population among chromosomes 1 through 6 was measured and found to be proportional to chromosome size. However, in some subjects the distribution of damage was not proportional due to the presence of clonal aberrations. We also compared two aberration scoring systems: the classical scoring method where all exchanges were assumed to be reciprocal, and PAINT. This comparison shows that the aberration frequencies measured by the two systems are highly correlated (r=0.99) and differ bymore » a constant value (PAINT x 0.58 = classical). Our results indicate that exchanges occur proportional to chromosome size adding support to the hypothesis that crtogenetic evaluations for biodosimetry can be performed with any one or more of the chromosomes studied here.« less


Open Government Data (OGD) research has focused for a long on the adoption and usage from the perspectives of users across different contexts. The underlying rationale for this specific focus is that OGD initiatives are undertaken to further citizen engagement with OGD for value generation and innovation purposes. Conceding that usage propensity is different across individuals, it is important to understand the influence of personality traits vis-à-vis OGD adoption and usage. Given that OGD has been regarded as a sophisticated "technology" and the role of personality traits has been considered as important in the adoption and usage of "technologies" in general, therefore, the present study contributes to the extant OGD-focused literature from a novel dimension. The study invokes the adapted model of the Unified Theory of Technology Adoption and Use (UTAUT) alongside the HEXACO-100 inventory constructs for studying the relationships between the constructs with a sample of 530 respondents. The results demonstrate that higher user Openness to Experience contributes to their higher Effort and Performance Expectancy; exposure to Social Influence; an increased level of Trust; and a more positive perception of Facilitating Conditions and Information Quality. Agreeable people are more likely to voluntarily use OGD. An individual's conscientiousness improves their perception of factors related to OGD quality. Excessive emotionality leads to a more critical perception of systems and information quality issues. Our findings also attest to the moderating impact of Honesty-Humility across Information Quality-Behavioral Intention positively; Extraversion across Information Quality-Behavioral Intention negatively and Extraversion across Trust-Behavioral Intention positively. Honesty turns out to be important for considering Information Quality vis-à-vis OGD adoption and usage but whilst extroverts are concerned about Information Quality, i.e. flawless information retrieval via OGD sources, Introverts are concerned about OGD trustworthiness, i.e. credible OGD for its adoption and usage and Extroverts find the OGD reliable and credible. With pointers for further research across the personality traits-OGD adoption and usage theme, the study closes with practitioner implications.


A large body of literature has considered the way that places contribute to the health of their residents. The bulk of this research has considered the numerous risks and resources that are contained within the bounded spaces of neighborhoods and communities. Only recently have scholars begun to consider how these material and social conditions interact with the symbolic dimensions of place to further affect health. In this conceptual paper, we draw on a broad literature in order to develop a conceptual framework that connects negative representations of place, or spatial stigmas, to health. We argue that spatial stigma can affect health through three primary pathways: (1) access to material resources; (2) processes of stress and coping; and (3) processes related to identity formation and identity management. Our model suggests that spatial stigma is likely an important and understudied mechanism through which disadvantaged places contribute to multiple physical and mental health outcomes. Furthermore, by considering the larger sociocultural meanings that surround marginalized places, the concept of spatial stigma introduces new considerations for the development of effective policies to address geographic health inequality.


The invention discloses a large range real-time environment monitoring network on the basis of WiMAX and a wireless sensor network, which comprises the wireless sensor network, a WiMAX wideband wireless access network and an environment monitoring prediction and strategy platform; the wireless sensor network consists of central nodes and a group of sensor nodes which are dispersed in the environment area needed to be monitored; the data collected by the sensor node is gathered and fused to the central nodes; the central nodes send the data to the environment monitoring prediction and strategy platform by the WiMAX wideband wireless access network; the environment monitoring prediction and strategy platform monitors the current condition of the environment in real time by the collected data; the large range real-time environment monitoring network organically integrates the wireless sensor network technology and the WiMAX wideband wireless mobile communication technology, sufficiently exerts the advantages of the wireless sensor network technology and the WiMAX wideband wireless mobile communication technology, and can achieve the environment monitoring with low cost and strong real-time characteristic in large range.


Six large scale models of conventionally reinforced concrete coupling beams with span/depth ratios ranging from 1.17 to 2.00 were tested under monotonically applied shear loads to study their nonlinear behavior using a newly developed test method that maintained equal rotations at the two ends of the coupling beam specimen and allowed for local deformations at the beam-wall joints. By conducting the tests under displacement control, the post-peak behavior and complete load-deflection curves of the coupling beams were obtained for investigation. It was found that after the appearance of flexural and shear cracks, a deep coupling beam would gradually transform itself from an ordinary beam to a truss composed of diagonal concrete struts and longitudinal and transverse steel reinforcement bars. Moreover, in a deep coupling beam, the local deformations at the beam-wall joints could contribute significantly (up to the order of 50%) to the total deflection of the coupling beam, especially at the post-peak stage. Finally, although a coupling beam failing in shear would have a relatively low ductility ratio of only 5 or even lower, a coupling beam failing in flexure could have a relatively high ductility ratio of 10 or higher.


Physicians and specialist pathologists are in acute short supply in developing countries, where the burden of disease is highest. Malaria is a tropical disease that is severely under-reported or misdiagnosed due to lack of physicians. A wireless digital microscope capable of automatic image acquisition, image signal processing, wireless communication for telepathology and automated malaria detection is presented in this paper with potential to alleviate the problem. The digital microscope can help detect malaria infection and also indicate the level of infection from a Giemsa stained blood smear. A medical report containing the image(s) can also be electronically transmitted for expert second opinion to a well-staffed and well-equipped but distant hospital. We show how this new tool can help take telemedicine to the remote villages or hilly towns, and significantly enhance current Malaria detection rates.


The ubiquitous flicker or 1/f noise deteriorates low-frequency (LF) signals. For high reliability in CMOS devices, factors leading to degradation of SNR in LF domain need to be understood and minimized, especially for devices processing low-frequency signals. With transistors scaling down, power consumption decreasing and advancement in system integration, portable integrated CMOS sensors are being used in labs, hospitals, space applications etc. In such field applications, continuous radiation exposure degrades the sensors as well as deteriorates the signal to noise ratio. Also, in certain applications, continuous operation of sensors with high voltage stress on transistors causes hot electron injection (HEI) which also deteriorates the SNR by increasing the trap density in the gate oxide and making the sensor unreliable over time. To address the issue of SNR deterioration and to understand the reliability aspects of the sensors due to such operational stresses, we present a study of the impact of γ$\textbf{radiation exposure and hot electron injection on flicker noise of CMOS transistors. While flicker noise has been characterized in other processes, we chose the commonly available, low cost 0.5 um CMOS process for our study.


Prediction in streaming data is an important activity in various branches of science such as sociology, economics and politics. Two major challenges offered by data streams are (1) the underlying concept of the data may change over time; and (2) the data may grow without limit so that it is difficult to retain a long history of raw data. Previous research has mainly focused on manipulating relatively recent data. The distinctive contribution of this paper is in three folds. First, it uses a measure of conceptual equivalence to organize the data history into a history of concepts. Transition patterns among concepts can be learned from this history to help prediction. Second, it carries out prediction at two levels, a general level of predicting each oncoming concept and a specific level of predicting each instance's class. Third, it proposes a system RePro that incorporates reactive and proactive mechanisms to predict in streaming data with efficacy and efficiency. Experiments are conducted to compare RePro with representative existing prediction methods on various benchmark data sets that represent diversified scenarios of concept change. Empirical evidence offers inspiring insights and suggests the proposed methodology is an advisable solution to prediction for data streams.


SummaryA survey for Bursaphelenchus nematodes, associated with different conifer trees, was conducted in several forest areas in the northern regions of Turkey. Only pine trees (Pinus nigra, P. pinaster and P. sylvestris) yielded Bursaphelenchus specimens. Nematodes were identified using several morphological diagnostic characters of the genus (male spicule structure, number of lateral incisures, number and distribution of the male papillae, presence of female vulval flap), and confirmed by using RFLP analysis of the internal transcriber spacer (ITS) regions of ribosomal DNA. Three different species were identified from several sampled areas, namely B. mucronatus, B. pinophilus and B. sexdentati, representing a first report of the last two species for Turkey. The association of B. pinophilus with black pine (P. nigra) is herein reported for the first time.


INTRODUCTION: Non-invasive methods offer a great advantage over more conventional medical methods but many studies need to be done before such methods become easily accessible and usable. Many of these non-invasive methods are dependant on the interaction of light with tissue. Such interaction is influenced by the optical properties such as the absorption (ua) and reduced scattering (us') coefficients of the tissue. When consulting the literature however one finds there exists a huge discrepancy between measurements and an extensive database of optical properties is not available. Furthermore measurement of the in vivo tissue optical properties still poses some difficulty, however the Integrating Sphere (IS) system is one method which can be used to measure the optical properties of bulk tissue in vitro. This study thus involved investigating the optical properties of some tissue samples from rats. Some of the results are presented here.


There were some changes in YAN fu's late idea of democracy. The article tends to analyze his diea and the change in the sight of ethic.And it suggests Yan Fu's supporting liberalism and democratic politics is based on evolution ethic,which led him to the road of reformism.But he went back to tradition at last and gave up the pursuit of democratic politics in China under the influence of the Western idea and China's real situation, which made him attach importance to the connection between ethic and tradition.


In recent twenty years, the fibre-reinforced composite laminates have been used for structural protection widely. However, the energy-absorbing and damaging mechanisms of laminates under ballistic penetration are intricate, due to the complexity of geometrical structures and material characteristics of fibre-reinforced laminates. The influencing factors include the target's dimension, the structure geometry the materials properties and the properties of interlaminates, the shape and velocity of the projectiles and so on. In this paper, the researches and developments in recent ten years are reviewed especially, the experimental technology, the static and dynamic mechanics of laminates, the impact force, the experical equations and the analysis models. At the same time, the applications and developments of numerical methods are also discussed briefly.


[Objective]To understand the mental health of high school teachers in Laiwu city,and provide scientific evidence for proposing effective measures of psychological intervention.[Methods]Stratified cluster sampling method was adopted to select 426 high school teachers from city and countryside.SCL 90 symptoms self-rating scale was used for psychological evaluation.[Results]14.55% high school teachers had moderate or severe mental health problems in sequence of being interpersonal sensitivity,forced,depression,hostility and paranoia.[Conclusion] Female high school teachers have a relatively low level of mental health,targeted psychological education and intervention should be taken on them.


The results suggest that hypermethylation at the LHX6 promoter may be secondary to the IVF process. Preeclampsia-induced alterations in brain and liver gene expression and DNA methylation patterns in fetal mice. Hofsink utilized a mouse model of sFlt1 administration to induce growth restriction in offspring. Altered DNA methylation in fetal brain and liver may have consequences of decreased hepatic gluconeogenesis and stimulated neurogenesis.


Of w hat use is it to prove scientifi cally th a t "socialism is the form of society th a t resolves the contradictions of capitalist society", if most of the people of the capitalist countries re  tort, "Yes, bu t we prefer the con tra dictions of capitalism "? We could p e r haps go 011 to prove that socialism will raise the living standards of the over whelming m ajority of hum anity, but the upholder of capitalism replies, "M aybe, bu t I'm too busy looking after num ber one to worry about o ther people's bad luck." So the a rgu  m ent could go on. until, to avoid an infin ite regress, we must eventually fall back upon some such grossly u n  scientific bu t therefore unanswerable argum ent as " th a t's the way all decent people feel it ought to be." This, however, is obviously qu ite futile u n  less we can persuade our in terlocutor to accept our standards of decency, and this, of course, involves a moral ra th e r than a scientific judgem ent.


On the occasion of the centennial of the Olympic Games, Bud Greenspan--the award-winning documenter who's done more to shape the image of the modern games than anyone--presents a collection of sports achievements and some of the most inspiring stories about the games ever told. 200 photos.


The relativistic five-quark equations are found in the framework of the dispersion relation technique. The solutions of these equations using the method based on the extraction of the leading singularities of the amplitudes are obtained. The five-quark amplitudes for the S = -3 strange pentaquarks including the u, d, s quarks determine the masses of strange pentaquarks. The mass spectra of the strange pentaquarks with JP=1/2, 3/2 are calculated.


AB STRACT: A field ex per i ment was con ducted dur ing kharif sea son of 2008 to study the vari abil ity of 25 ge no types of Ocimum spp. for 11 traits. The es ti mate of max i mum range and co ef fi cient of vari abil ity were noted for six dif fer ent char ac ters in clud ing plant height, leaf length, no. of in flo res cence/plant, length of in flo res cence, days to ma tu rity and fresh herb yield /plant. The high est es ti mates of heritability in broad sense were ob served for plant height (99.70 %) fol lowed by length of in flo res cence /plant (98.80 %), fresh herb yield per plant (98.60%), no. of in flo res cence/plant (98.40%), days to ma tu rity (92.60%) and leaf width (91.50%). The high est value of ge netic ad vance was ob tained for fresh herb age yield per plant (1018.02) fol lowed by dry herb yield per plant (394.31), no of in flo res cence/plant (43.76) and plant height (39.13). High est val ues of genotypic and phenotypic covariance in di cated wide range of vari abil ity and high heritability as so ci ated with higher val ues of rel a tive ge netic ad vance.


Universities have transitioned to online education in order to slow the spread of COVID-19. This transition mobilizes the technological utopian imaginary that digital technologies can rescue populations from the disease. It also raises the risk of deepening neoliberal educational reforms and, by extension, poses a threat to democracy itself. This commentary explores this risk and suggests ways to resist the resulting neoliberalization of education that it could entail.


Basis on the status of inpoverished areas,starting with aspects of national plan,people thought,scientific management,broadly raise funds to improve the existing roads in inpoverished areas is discussed.Some recommendations on development and construction are presented.


Europe was built as a peace system to avoid conflicts between its members, specially Franc e and Germany. The main pillar in this system was integration, what is shared cannot be used against each other. Economy and trade were present since the beginning of the process as a European Market was created. Hence, the Trade Policy of the European Union has been a leading policy in the integration process since its beginning. If we add that the European Union is the main commercial area of the world, as a result we have that the EU policy in this field is crucial for its members and for the world.

This research analyses the main components on such an important policy and its further development in a world ever changing defined by globalisation


Sex determination of somatic tissue in Drosophila melanogasier is governed by the gene Sex-lethal (Sxl). Transcription of Sxl is regulated by X-linked activator proteins and autosomally encoded repressor proteins. Thus, in flies with 2 X chromosomes and 2 sets of autosomes (X:A=1), transcription of Sxl occurs and the presence of Sxl protein commits the fly to the female developmental pathway. When only 1 X chromosome is present (X:A=0.5), transcription of Sxl is repressed and the default male developmental pathway is chosen. Sxl is the first gene in the somatic sex determining pathway. At a molecular level, SXL protein regulates the alternative splicing of transcripts from the next gene in the hierarchy, transformer (tra) such that functional TRA protein is present only in females. In turn, TRA protein, in conjunction with Transformer-2 (TRA-2) protein, ensures female-specific splicing of transcripts from the last gene in the hierarchy—doub/esex (dsx)—resulting in the production of a female-specific DSXF protein. In the absence of TRA protein, dsx transcripts are spliced to give a male specific DSXM protein. Traditionally, it was thought that all aspects of somatic sexual differentiation were governed by DSXF and DSXM, the only known targets of which are the yolk protein genes. However, it is now apparent that both TRA and SXL control DSX-independent sex differentiation pathways: TRA acts via dissatisfaction (dsj) to regulate sexual behaviour, and via fruitless (fru) to govern aspects of male courtship behaviour and innervation of the male-specific Muscle of Lawrence (MOL); and SXL acts independently of TRA and DSX to govern body size and colour. Only a few targets of the sex determining genes are known—dsf, fru, and the yps. Such genes would be expected to fit into one of three categories: Genes expressed exclusively in one sex. Genes expressed at a higher level in one sex than the other. Genes that are expressed at similar levels in both sexes, but produce sex-specific transcripts. In an attempt to isolate genes that fit into these categories a non-gonadal differential screen of an adult body genomic DNA library was performed, using sex-specific radio-labelled cDNA. The genomic recombinant fs(l) was chosen for further analysis based on its preferential hybridisation to female non-gonadal cDNA. Screening of cDNA libraries using fs(l) sequence isolated two cDNAs, a 3.0kb cDNA (cDNA A) and a 4.5kb cDNA (cDNA B). Sequence analysis revealed that both these cDNAs encoded a novel opa repeat-containing serine/threonine protein kinase, the difference in the cDNAs being the length of the 5' and 3' untranslated regions (UTRs). The gene, which maps to polytene position 61A, was named Drosophila serine/threonine protein kinase@61 (Dstpk6l). Northern analysis showed there to be at least 4 different Dstpk6l transcripts: a 3.0kb testis-specific transcript (possibly represented by cDNA'); a 3.5kb ovary-specific transcript; a 4.5kb female-specific carcass transcript (possibly represented by cDNA B); and a slightly larger non-sex-specific transcript. The work presented here shows that Dstpk6l is a complex gene that produces multiple transcripts by using alternative promoters, alternative polyadenylation sites, and alternative splicing. It is now known to have significant sequence and functional homology to mammalian Phosphoinositol-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1), which has been implicated in the insulin signal transduction pathway and the regulation of apoptosis. Four mutant P-insertion lines have been identified that disrupt Dstpk6l at different sites. The phenotypes of these mutants, possible Dstpk6l transcripts, and the observed rnRNA expression pattern are discussed in relation to the possible role of DSTPK61 protein in Drosophila development.


This paper presents the data concerning the connectedness of the facilitative potential components, its manifestation in different fields of vital activity, basic senses of helping behaviour and socio-psychological adaptability. Based on the results of multiple regressive analysis, there has been established the importance of all facilitation aspects in order to predict personality adaptability. It has been proved that persons with developed facilitation have a higher degree of adaptability (on the sample of socionomic professions). The study of the peculiarities of adaptation directly in a complex life situation which is the process of accommodation to a foreign environment that can be combined with the beginning of family relations and is a rather tense and difficult period in subjects' lives has shown the importance of the facilitative ability in the success of its course. The obtained data provide valuable information on possible ways to increase the individual adaptivity through the development, formation of their facilitative potential, as well as the facilitative qualities of the social environment.


The paper analyzed the socio-economic characteristics and food security situation among semi-urban households in Biu and Bama Local Government Areas in Borno State, Nigeria. Well structured questionnaire were used to source information from 198 randomly selected households. Descriptive statistics, Cost-of-Calorie Function (COC) and Logit model were used to analyze the data. The study revealed that mean age of respondents was 45 years and they spent an average of 8 years in formal education. Also, mean monthly income level was about N 40,000 and assets base was at an average of N 194,000. The food security line was found to be N 66.17 per day per adult equivalent and 44% of the households were food secure. Significant  and positive variables in explaining the variation in food security status include education, farm size, income, contacts with extension agents, cooperative membership, family labour, assets, farm enterprise, farming experience and food diversity. Child dependency ratio and gender though significant, negatively influence food security. Results also showed that crop production, monthly wages and petty trading were the major sources of income in the study area. The study, therefore recommended improvement of wage earning capacity, more income diversification opportunities and increased awareness to family planning facilities were proffered. Keywords: Food security, Determinant, Socio-economic characteristics, Income generation and Semi-urban households.


This article describes the relationship between power, history and identity in the process of division North Buton of Muna. In this article the presence of North Buton identity is seen as a phenomenon that refers to the identity of reproduction historical narrative where Kulisusu in historical context has a power relationship with the kingdom of Buton which lasted from the 17th century. This study found; that the presence of North Buton identity is a product of discourse that legitimized by indigenous groups who identify themselves as descendants of the founder of the kingdom Kulisusu. it means that the identity of North Buton formed due to higher power structures Barata Kulisusu surviving in culture Kulisusu People. This study also found that reproductive identity North Buton a political attempt to discover the identity of distinguishing between Kulisusu and People Muna (identity as a weapon of resistance). This distinctive identity in turn managed to attract popular support for the masses who feel connected to that identity. Keywords: power; history; identity reproduction; regional division


The few-layer graphene (FLG) is synthesized by using microwave enhanced chemical vapor deposition method. The shape of FLG is controlled by adjusting the synthesis parameter. The field emission characteristics of FLGs with different shapes were tested and it is found that the field emission characteristic was strongly influenced by the tip shape, the height of the FLGs.


PURPOSE: A position detector with satellite signal receiver is provided which is a car navigation device has a sensor that arrangement very compactly to the various components be used many times, which can detect velocity in three axis, include a satellite signal receiver to determine location with exchangeable data format. CONSTITUTION: A device provide a detector including in its housing(11) a satellite signal receive(1), an RPM-sensor(3) as a direction sensor and an accelerometer(4) as an indicator of the distance covered. The signals transmitted by the sensors are routed to a common filter(6), thereby enabling data to be obtained from the position detector output(9) about the location, the traveling speed and/or the direction of traveling. Owing to the compact sensor arrangement, the various components can be used many times.


The movement of populations across national boundaries is coming to be one of the main challenges that nation-states face from within their boundaries. In this era of globalization, migration no longer can be understood as a one-time displacement. The connectedness of today's societies brought about by the development of communication technologies, cheaper and easier communications makes contact with a country of origin easier for migrants. States are forced to deal with the diversity in language, culture and identity in democratic ways. This study looks at how, within nation-states, citizenship is regulated by the type of access granted migrants to public resources such as health. Language becomes a key element in the negotiation of citizens' rights. A study of a health care clinic in the Catalan-Spanish bilingual city of Barcelona shows the way migrants are challenging nationalist ideologies on language and citizenship. The interest in the study of a specific country such as Spain is its location as a nation-state with ethno-linguistic minorities in the European Union context. It is a case that is traversed by the tensions around internal homogeneity that is being challenged from above by supra-national entities and from below by the mobility of persons across national boundaries. The research is based on a two-year ethnographic study carried out by the author between 2002-2003 at a primary health care clinic in a multicultural neighborhood of Barcelona. The practices of both health care providers and immigrants mainly from South East Asia (Pakistan and India) and Northern Africa (Morocco, Tunisia and Algeria) are analyzed. The findings discuss the contradictions between actual everyday practices of multilingualism and the language/health policies of state and regional sociopolitical entities.


Is it possibile to find ab initio soliton solutions of Maxwell's equations in the presence of the most general expression of the third-order tensorial polarizability describing the optical Kerr effect? We have been able to prove the existence of both bright and dark one-dimensional spatial solitons without resorting to any scalar and paraxial approximation2 [see figure, parts (a) (b), (d) and (e)], so that the whole range of possible soliton widths is considered without any formal distinction between paraxial and nonparaxial regimes. The comparison with the standard paraxial approach reveals, as expected, that, for bright solitons, non-paraxial corrections become relevant whenever the normalized field amplitude u becomes comparable with unity and the associated width  with  [see figure, part (c)]. Dark solitons do not exist if u2 exceeds 1/6, so they appear to be much less sensitive to non-paraxial effects within their existence range (f ). This is also true in the two-dimensional case, in which solitons are proved to exist as exact vectorial solutions of Maxwell's equations in the form of dark azimuthally polarized solitons, provided that u2 is smaller than 1/2.3 Our results do not simply amount to a refinement of the established optical soliton picture. More fundamentally, they imply that Kerr solitons possess a general significance that extends far beyond the stringent limits of paraxial optics. 


DFT calculations were performed to reveal the regioselectivity for the sulfonylation of tetrazoles. By comparing the substituent effect of tetrazoles, we found that the regioselectivity depends mainly on the steric...


Abstract : Under contract to the Manned Spacecraft Center, NASA/Houston, NOL developed a number of explosive charges for use in studying the surface of the moon during Apollo 17 activities. The charges were part of the Lunar Seismic Profiling Experiment (LSPE). When the Safety and Arming Device used in the previous ALSEP experiments was found unsuitable for use with the new explosive packages, NOL also designed the Safety and Arming Mechanism, and the safety and reliability tests conducted are described. The results of the test program indicate that the detonation transfer probability between the armed explosive components exceeds 0.9999, and is less than 0.0001 when the explosive components are in the safe position.


O N May Day last year (1927) I witnessed a labor demonstration in Reykjavik. Some three hundred men and women marched down the street carrying red flags and communistic banners, singing the International. It was the sign of a new Iceland. Even at the time of my first visit in 1920 the country had had no experience whatever with labor trouble. Paradoxically enough, labor trouble in Iceland is a sign of progress, of reorganization and growth, economically, financially, politically. A profound change is coming over the life of the nation. For centuries Iceland has been effectually cut off from the rest of the world, "a backwater of civilization."' They were bitter centuries, and their lesson has been well learned. Iceland today is finding its salvation by becoming a part of our world organization of interdependent units. Here is a group of people, about equal in point of numbers to the population of Knoxville, Tennessee, carrying out or about to carry out most of the functions of a modern nation in times of peace. Whether or not the nation will ever be a very important unit is immaterial. The importance to the Icelanders is enormous.