CMX-2043 is an a-lipoic acid analogue targeted to reduction of cellular injury and organ damage due to ischaemia– reperfusion injury (IRI). It has been shown to be effective in a rat model of cardiac IRI. The studies here reported evaluate its safety and pharmacokinetic profile in preparation for human clinical studies in procedures associated with IRI. Safety and tolerability were tested in standard pre-clinical in vitro and animal models and in a Phase 1 human clinical trial. CMX-2043 did not bind to a wide range of receptors and specific targets at approximately 4 lg/mL (10 lM). It was not mutagenic by Ames assay, did not produce chromosome aberrations in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, and was negative for clastogenic potential. Toxicological studies in rats including both single and 14-day repeat intravenous doses and in dogs (single intravenous dose) with a 2-week recovery period were conducted. The NOAEL in rats and dogs was 30 and >10 mg/kg, respectively. No serious adverse events were reported in a placebo-controlled, sequential dose escalation Phase 1 clinical trial. The low toxicity in the pre-clinical studies and the absence of adverse events in the Phase 1 trial have supported investigation of CMX-2043 in a human efficacy trial. Prevention and treatment of ischaemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) is a major unmet medical need. In such injury, local inflammation, production of free oxygen radicals, alterations in calcium homeostasis and initiation of apoptotic cell death are all believed to contribute to potentially serious pathological and functional consequences [1,2]. IRI occurs in many organ systems, including heart, kidney, liver and brain. Although numerous treatment options have been evaluated, none has attained clinical acceptance [3]. Thus, there remains a need for an easy to use, safe and efficacious therapeutic agent for prevention or reduction of IRI. CMX-2043 (a-N-[(R)-1,2-dithiolane-3-pentanoyl]-L-glutamyl-L-alanine) is an a-lipoic acid (LA) analogue targeted to IRI. The LA moiety was used as the backbone structure to confer lipophilicity and antioxidant properties, and for its known ability to activate cellular protective mechanisms [4,5]. CMX-2043 reduces cardiac IRI in a rat model and is more effective in this model than LA itself. Its mechanism of action is consistent with established cell survival pathways (Lader AS, BaguisiA, Casale R, Kates SA, Beeuwkes III R, manuscripts in preparation) . The safety of the CMX-2043 parent molecule LA has been extensively validated. It is well tolerated in human beings and has been shown to be extremely safe in multiple in vitro and animal studies [6]. Consistent with its attractive safety profile, LA in oral (600 mg tablet [7]) and parenteral (Thioctacid 600 T [8]) formulations has been found to be effective for complications associated with diabetes [9,10]. This background supported the development and testing of a family of LA analogues as potential therapeutic agents. From these, based on biochemical and animal efficacy studies [11], CMX2043 was selected as the lead candidate for further investigation. Results of pre-clinical safety studies and a Phase 1 human trial are reported here. Methods and Materials The chemical structure and properties of CMX-2043 and lipoic acid are listed in table 1. Dose solution preparation and analysis. For non-clinical studies, the free acid of CMX-2043 was added to a solution that included sufficient 0.5 N NaOH for its neutralization, together with water and NaCl in quantities calculated to produce isotonicity and desired concentration. Analysis of dosing solution samples was conducted in compliance with GLP regulations by BASi (Evansville, IN, USA) using a high-performance reversed-phase liquid chromatography with UV detection (HPLC-UV). The concentration of CMX-2043 in the dosing solution was determined using a CMX-2043 external working standard. The cycle/run time for the HPLC analysis was an 8-min. isocratic gradient. CMX-2043 eluted in this HPLC method at ~3.5 min. Prior to testing for rat and dog toxicology studies, analysis of the dosing solution showed that measured doses ranged from 91% to 94% and from 97% to 100%, respectively, of nominal range. For clinical studies, CMX-2043 drug product was prepared under cGMP conditions at Bio-Concept Laboratories, Inc. (Salem, NH, USA) at a concentration of 10 mg/mL in a buffered sodium phosphate saline solution in a pH range of 6.8–7.6. CMX-2043 was added to a solution containing sterile water for injection, sodium chloride, sodium phosphate dibasic and sodium hydroxide, and the pH of the solution was adjusted using 1 N sodium hydroxide or 1 N hydrochloric acid to 7.1 0.1. The concentration of CMX-2043 in the drug product was Author for correspondence: Steven A. Kates, Ischemix LLC, 63 Great Road, Maynard, MA 01754, USA (fax 978 897 4952, e-mail firstname.lastname@example.com). © 2014 Ischemix LLC. Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of [Nordic Association for the Publication of BCPT (former Nordic Pharmacological Society). This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made. Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology Doi: 10.1111/bcpt.12254


This paper presents a BackPropagation Neural Network (BPNN) approach to predict the location of a buried object. A small circuit board is buried in sand at three different location levels and an electrically-small probe is used as a detection sensor. The standard deviation of the phase of reflection coefficient is used as input for the Neural Network (NN) while the location levels of the small circuit are designated as the output of the network. The network shows an accuracy of more than 90% in predicting the location of the buried circuit.


IN a recent paper, Parnell (1957) has criticized the Rees-Eysenck Body Index (Rees and Eysenck, 1945) on a number of grounds. He also showed that high values on the index corresponded to high values of Sheldon's ectomorphy component, while low values on the index corresponded to low values of the ectomorphy component, and high values of the endomorphy and more particularly the mesomorphy components. In this paper a brief attempt will be madeto answerParnell'scriticismsandindicatewhythe Rees-EysenckBody Index appears to be preferable to the Sheldon system. Parnell starts off by stating that "¿ statisticaltreatment by itself, however sophisticated, is no substitute for the best or right choice of measurements―. He goes on to say that "¿ in any morphological classification aimed at achieving high correlation with behaviour, it would seem reasonable at least to separate fat and its function from muscle and motive power―. He illustrates his point by presenting photographs of two men of equal score in the B.I., who differ profoundly in the sense that one is fat and the other one muscular. He concludes "¿ that measurements of fat and muscle should be added to the correlation matrices from which factors are derived in future analyses―. Parnell by implication assumes that the variables included in Sheldon's system constitute "¿ the best or right choice of measurements―. This view is not shared by competent and sophisticated reviewers of the field. Thus, in a recent paper, Humphreys (1957) discussed Sheldon's typology and introduced his paper with the following words : "¿ The writer became interested in Sheldon's physical and temperamental types because they have been so widely, and frequently so favourably, discussed in recent years. Relatively little investi gation was needed in order to discover that the favourable discussions had little foundation in fact for the attitude expressed and that the use of Sheldon's types in further research should be discouraged―. Most of the criticisms made by Humphreys, as well as those by Ekman (1951) and Eysenck (1953), are statistical in nature. Sheldon requires three variables for his description of body build, as well as for his description of temperamental types. In both spheres these com ponents show quite high negative correlations with each other, and both Humphreys and Ekman, using different methods, have shown conclusively that the data can be described just as efficiently with two uncorrelated variables as with three correlated ones. The obvious statistical difficulties of working with three negatively correlated variables when two orthogonal ones would do equally well, would seem to suffice in ruling Sheldon's system out of court. As Humphreys says, "¿ Research workers, if they want to make use of Sheldon's types, are advised to discard one physical type and the corresponding tempera ment type. This would result in a saving of measurement time and statistical analysis of data. If multiple regression analysis is planned, however, the recom mended procedure becomes compulsory. Beta-weights can be reliably


[Abstract] Simulating internal airflow conditions within turbine blade internal cooling passages can be an effective tool to gain a better understanding of the interaction between angular velocity, operating temperatures, coolant effectiveness, etc. In the current research, a next generation heat rig capable of achieving 10,000 RPM was designed and fabricated to simulate the high temperature and angular velocity histories of turbine blades. The first phase of the design consists of a tubular shaft specimen aligned with the axis of rotation that allows for coolant to be internally passed. The heat pipe is externally heated with NiCr resistive wire, and the rotation of the shaft is facilitated by a digitally-controlled motor. In order to overcome the design challenges of this system, many of the obstacles concerning mechanical strength, rotordynamics and thermal control were encountered. Developing life estimates, carrying out modal analysis to guard against low critical speeds, implementing accurate temperature control, and so on, were important considerations. Preliminary experiments were carried out on the device to determine the performance of the system.


Based on data from the Indonesian Cancer Foundation (2007), cervical cancer killed at least 200,000 women per year. Based on Prof. Dr. W.Z. Johannes Kupang Hospital's medical records, there were 37 cases of cervical cancer in 2012. Efforts were made to improve the patients' will to live. This study aims to determine the viability of maintaining cervical cancer patients' survival in Prof. Dr.W.Z.Johannes Kupang Regional Public Hospital. This research was conducted using a qualitative study with a phenomenological approach. There were a total of six informants. Data were collected through indepth interviews using interview guidelines. Results of this study found that informants had carried out efforts to maintain the survival of patients physically which included medical and alternative treatments, attention to diet and good nutrition, exercise suitable to the ability and state of the informant. On the other hand, psychological efforts include informants having confidence and a positive attitude towards his situation, conttrolling their minds and developing spirituality. Social efforts were maintaining a balance between social obligation and pleasure as well as building social support. In conclusion, the efforts to maintain survival physically included medical treatment, better dietary pattern and nutrition, physical activities or exercise, while psychologically included having a strong believe and attitude to recover and live, making efforts to control the mind, develop a spiritual life, where as socially it included maintaining a balance between social obligations,happiness and building social support.


In this paper we describe a synthesizer to be used both for virtual reality and musical purposes, based on an additive synthesis model, and that offers an intuitive control of impact sounds. A three layer control strategy is proposed for this purpose, where the top layer gives access to a control through verbal descriptions, the middle layer to a control of perceptually relevant signal descriptors, while the bottom layer is directly linked to the parameters of the synthesis model. The mapping strategies between the parameters of the different layers are described. The synthesizer has been implemented using Max/MSP, offering the possibility to manipulate the sounds in real-time through the control of the different parameters.


The transmission ratio, and thus the transmission loss in decibels, has been determined from a theoretical consideration of this problem, based on certain simplifying assumption such as zero stiffness compared with mass, an air layer between partitions small compared with the wavelength, etc. Three cases in particular are considered, the transmission loss being expressed as a function of wavelength of sound, weight per square foot of partitions, and distance between them: (1) Double partition wall; (2) Single wall (noting check with previous work); (3) Double partition and single partition loosely fixed to vibrating surface as a means of reducing sound radiation from that surface. Certain limitations of the theory are explained briefly.


The subjects covered in this collection will appeal to a range of scholars, specialists, and general readers. The contributions of the Japanese scholars will not go unnoticed either for they draw on many primary sources in Japan that have yet to be translated into English and therefore offer a unique perspective on the events and individuals discussed in the essays. By focusing on both the US and Japan, this work provides easy access to the competing perspectives of the two nations, a competition that is enhanced by examinations of individuals and events, which have often been overlooked. The evolution of Japanese strategic goals prior to WWII, for example, was not limited to the vision of Yamamoto any more than the post-war relationship that emerged was defined exclusively by Douglas Macarthur. The Cold War has ended, but the relationship shared by the US and Japan plays a central roll in the GWOT. Overall, the range of topics covered by these essays adds depth to any understanding of the strategies and relations pursued by the two countries while providing a foundation for understanding the relationship as it continues to evolve today.


Because of the cold climate and short frost-free growing season in the north region of Heilongjiang province,most silage corn varieties show a low maturing degree(without corn ear) and high water content which impact the feed value of corn silage.Although few early-maturing corn varieties have been planted in that region,they performed with small plant and low biomass.Mixed planting of corn varieties with different phenophases is believed to increase not only the fresh yield but also the kernel production and water-soluble carbohydrate,and furthermore improve the lactic acid fermentation and the silage quality.The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of intercropping and mixture planting of 3 corn varieties on the phenophase,agronomic traits,yield,and feed value of silage corn.The results indicate that the mixed planting had no significant effect on phenophase and main agronomic traits and intercropping and mixture planting increased total dry matter yield and feed value.The sequence of quality and yield of 5 planting methods evaluated comprehensively by Milk2006 index was as follows: intercropping mixture planting Zea mays L.cv.Haiyu No.8 Zea mays L.cv.Zhongyuandan No.32 Zea mays L.cv.Dongqing No.1.


The present article offers a description of a new software package – Corpus Presenter – which the author has written and which is intended to render the processing of corpora as direct and simple as possible, while offering a range of options which would make it attractive to linguists involved in either the compilation and/or the processing of corpora. Particular emphasis has been laid on the retrieval of information from corpora, especially for linguistic purposes. Provision has been made for the retrieval of syntactic information with frame searches. The processing of lexical information is facilitated by the availability of a number of database modules within the programme suite. The Corpus Pre-senter package also allows tagging of corpora, in an automatic, semi-automatic or manual mode, so that it can be useful to those linguists compiling corpora in which grammatical information is to be incorporated in advance of distribution. The means of linking existing corpora with the Corpus Presenter suite is described at the end of the article.


Departing from Lenneberg's biological conception of language and its de- velopment, this paper first reviews select examples from research on lan- guage development and its interface with genetics before making some specific proposals with regard to how the genetics of grammar could be investigated. The central proposal of this paper is that an important, per- haps necessary, avenue for studying the genetics of grammar is to study the genotypes corresponding to phenotypes of child (and genetically im- paired) versions of the computational system of grammar, as opposed to strictly descriptive measures of a construction or standardized linguistic tests. In some cases, these phenotypes have wide explanatory ability, sug- gesting that they directly involve parts of the computational system of lan- guage. The primary example discussed is the phenotype of the Unique Checking Constraint (UCC). In particular, it is proposed that one could usefully start to investigate the genetic basis for he development of finite- ness, object clitic omission, and related phenomena of the UCC. A second, less developed example here, corresponding to a much later developmen- tal stage, is the Universal Phase Requirement (UPR), regulating verbal pas- sives and many other phenomena in children.


We study sublinear time algorithms for estimating the size of maximum matching. After a long line of research, the problem was finally settled by Behnezhad [FOCS'22], in the regime where one is willing to pay an approximation factor of $2$. Very recently, Behnezhad et al.[SODA'23] improved the approximation factor to $(2-\frac{1}{2^{O(1/\gamma)}})$ using $n^{1+\gamma}$ time. This improvement over the factor $2$ is, however, minuscule and they asked if even $1.99$-approximation is possible in $n^{2-\Omega(1)}$ time. We give a strong affirmative answer to this open problem by showing $(1.5+\epsilon)$-approximation algorithms that run in $n^{2-\Theta(\epsilon^{2})}$ time. Our approach is conceptually simple and diverges from all previous sublinear-time matching algorithms: we show a sublinear time algorithm for computing a variant of the edge-degree constrained subgraph (EDCS), a concept that has previously been exploited in dynamic [Bernstein Stein ICALP'15, SODA'16], distributed [Assadi et al. SODA'19] and streaming [Bernstein ICALP'20] settings, but never before in the sublinear setting. Independent work: Behnezhad, Roghani and Rubinstein [BRR'23] independently showed sublinear algorithms similar to our Theorem 1.2 in both adjacency list and matrix models. Furthermore, in [BRR'23], they show additional results on strictly better-than-1.5 approximate matching algorithms in both upper and lower bound sides.


In the field of trademark right,spanning a certain period of time,the sphere of validity for trademark right falls into two categories of exclusive right to exploit and prohibitory right.And out of the field,it also has certain exclusive effect which is main- ly represented by extension of prohibitory right to field of business name,domain name,and name or packaging of commodities. The theoretical basis for the defining of the prohibitory right is confusion theory.


It is common, if not universal, practice for rangeland improvement projects proposed for public grazing lands to be evaluated using some form of cost-benefit or project analysis. In many cases the proposed project is rejected and as a result range deterioration continues. Those involved often criticize the methods of analyzing projects for not including all the social benefits. In response, much of the research in range economics has been directed toward better methods of identifying, evaluating, and quantifying the social benefits of projects. The insistence on a positive net social benefit from projects, however, is dangerous because the broad social goals for which government policy is conducted may be overlooked. In many analyses, the goals which the range improvement is expected to reach are not specified.


This study examines how news media covers Jang Ja-Yeon`s scandal through analyzing texts and images about Jang Ja-Yeon described in SBS (Seoul Broadcasting System) Eight O`clock News. The study found that the news stories mainly covered lasciviously Jang Ja-Yeon`s entertaining service, sexual service, other actresses who were forced to provide entertaining service, a list of people who forced her to serve, death, and vengeance. In addition, Jang Ja-Yeon in the news stories were described as "unknown actress," and she was located into low class and entertained the men in power. The analysis implicated that the body image of actress reflects a merchandize in the news media, and the news media used Ja-Yeon Jang`s body image for news value which represents the society of reification, hierarchical and masculine society.


The burgeoning youth population worldwide and associated challenges of economic integration, particularly in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), have created the need for innovations in programming to support young people's economic participation. This article focuses on one aspect of economic inclusion - savings - that has positive impacts beyond the targeted activity. Using the YouthInvest project as a case study, this article will look closely at ways in which behaviour change is possible through experiential learning for youth in Morocco. Early indicators have been found of increased savings behaviour of young people aged 15-24 after having been trained in the areas of life skills and financial education, using an experiential teaching approach. YouthInvest is a MasterCard Foundationfunded project being implemented by MEDA in Morocco. Over the course of the '100 Hours to Success' training, 96 per cent of participants surveyed in a recent field study have started saving and more than half of those...


Ephedra-cinnamomi, composed of ephedra (stems of Ephedra sinica) and cinnamomi (twig of Cinnamomum cassia), can attenuate the symptoms of colds by inducing sweat and relieving cough, asthma, headache, and arthralgia. The study was aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity
 of the prescription of ephedra-cinnamomi on the cerebral ischemia-induced neuroinflammation. Ephedra-cinnamomi down-regulating the inflammatory mediators including Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α, Interleukins (IL) IL-6. Moreover, Ephedra-cinnamomi significantly induced
 reduction of TLR4 and NF-κB mRNA level, consistent with the RT-qPCR results, Ephedra-cinnamomi decreased TLR4 expression and phosphorylated NF-κB p65 in concentration-dependent manners. The results revealed that Ephedra-cinnamomi may effectively inhibit ischemia-induced
 neuroinflammation through TLR4/NF-κB pathway. We have provided evidence indicating that Ephedra-cinnamomi induces suppression of inflammatory mediators and possesses therapeutic effect on neuroinflammation.


Typically, it is hard to find a closed form solution of option pricing formula under an asset governed by a change point process. In this paper we derive a closed-form solution of the valuation function for an American perpetual put option under an asset having a change point. Structural changes are formulated through a change-point process with a Markov chain. The modified smooth-fit technique is used to obtain the closed-form valuation function. We also guarantee the optimality of the solution via the proof of a corresponding verification theorem. Numerical examples are included to illustrate the results.


Telspec has been a supplier of DSL based access equipment to world-wide markets for many years. The current number of subscribers connected via Telspec access equipment exceeds 5 million lines. This paper considers the issues (technology and market related) that have influenced Telspec's DSL product roadmap.


To the Editor.— Recently, criticism of the dangers of heavy particles has appeared ( New Eng J Med , 282 : 1434, 1970). It is important for us to clarify the picture because of our long experience in the use of heavy particles in therapy with excellent results. Readers often equate one form of radiation therapy with another without consideration of the particle used, the dose administered, the rate of delivery, the stereotaxic method employed in the delivery, and, of most importance, the exact dose distribution. A detailed discussion of 13 years experience using the 910-mev a-particle beam from the 184-inch cyclotron to treat 131 patients with acromegaly has just been published. 1 All of the patients with acromegaly have been treated with the plateau portion of the a-particle beam using precise alignment and biplanar rotational techniques 2,3 with the exception of five patients. These five were selected for Bragg-peak therapy because they


The rise of cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, which enable transactions with a degree of pseudonymity, has led to a surge in various illicit activities, including ransomware payments and transactions on darknet markets. These illegal activities often utilize Bitcoin as the preferred payment method. However, current tools for detecting illicit behavior either rely on a few heuristics and laborious data collection processes or employ computationally inefficient graph neural network (GNN) models that are challenging to interpret. To overcome the computational and interpretability limitations of existing techniques, we introduce an effective solution called Chainlet Orbits. This approach embeds Bitcoin addresses by leveraging their topological characteristics in transactions. By employing our innovative address embedding, we investigate e-crime in Bitcoin networks by focusing on distinctive substructures that arise from illicit behavior. The results of our node classification experiments demonstrate superior performance compared to state-of-the-art methods, including both topological and GNN-based approaches. Moreover, our approach enables the use of interpretable and explainable machine learning models in as little as 15 minutes for most days on the Bitcoin transaction network.


With he continuous reform of the teaching system, especially the expansion and deepening of the credit system and elective course system, the daily management of the teaching administration is heavy and complicated. How to informationize, modularize and facilitate the teaching administration is the focus of the development of modern universities. In the process of the gradual application of digital theory, the student course selection system is faced with many difficulties, such as large base, large data and frequent operation, which need to be optimizedThe system mainly adopts SpringCloud micro-service solution as the system architecture, MySQL database as the development platform, and Java language to write programs to complete data input, search, change and delete operations to complete data storage.


Capacitive sensing is successfully used for measurement tasks in various areas, ranging e.g. from position measurement in the sub-nanometer range like in atomic force microscopy (e.g. [1]) over the detection of lowest concentrations of chemical substances in lab on chip systems ([2]) to position measurement in the touch screens of mobile phones. For capacitive sensors, high precision measurement techniques have been developed over the past years. Commercial integrated circuits permit determination of capacitances with a resolution of a few aF (e.g [3, 4]) and even measurements in the aF range with rates of more than ten thousand measurements per second have been reported [5].


Review is devoted to the prevalence of smoking among children and adolescents, given the steady increase in illness, a risk factor which is smoking. Detection disease at a stage before the disease, clinical manifestations, requires the implementation of demonstration and preferably noninvasive studies of children. Shown that early intervention in the prevalence of tobacco use would decrease the disease from respiratory and cardiovascular systems, and hence improve the quality of life of future generations. Key words: smoking, passive smoking, research methods smokers, teenagers. ( Voprosy sovremennoi pediatrii —  Current Pediatrics. — 2011; 10 (5): 5–9.)


This paper examines what is currently known about adolescents and HIV disease from a number of different perspectives. Section 1 discusses policy and programmatic responses to the prevention of HIV disease among adolescents. Section 2 reviews the epidemiology of AIDS and HIV infection among adolescents. Section 3 provides an overview of adolescent sexuality and the developmental issues associated with adolescent sexuality. Section 4 addresses HIV disease among adolescents in the context of preventing other risk-taking behaviors with particular emphasis on pregnancy prevention. Section 5 outlines approaches to HIV prevention among adolescents that appear to be effective as well as those that have not worked and discusses youth development in the specific context of preventing HIV disease. Section 6 provides an assessment of the potential role of community-based youth-serving organizations in preventing HIV disease among adolescents. At the conclusion of the paper a selected bibliography lists the sources that have been most helpful in preparing this analysis. This paper is a reference tool for communities interested in broadening their knowledge and discussions of adolescent pregnancy to include the important topic of HIV disease. (excerpt)


Among the weedy plant species, Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) is one of the most destructive. Johnsongrass has invaded new habitats beyond its native Eurasian origin by outcompeting native flora and cultivated crops. The Johnsongrass habitat is expanding continuously due to clonal and self-pollinating reproduction strategy, accelerated growth and the progressing climate change. As a result, Johnsongrass has reduced native plant diversity in grasslands and inflicted economic damage to agriculture on every continent. Johnsongrass is a growing threat to crop production, as it serves as a refuge for a variety of agricultural pests and plant viral diseases. Over the past decades, herbicides extensively applied to control Johnsongrass have boosted selection pressure, resulting in the independent evolution of herbicide-resistant ecotypes across multiple locations. The apparent threat to native flora and agriculture caused by the invasive Johnsongrass is a subject to a long and ongoing research. This review provides a historical and research overview on Johnsongrass expansion, its current as well future impact particularly on North American and European grasslands and agriculture.


Aiming at computational complexity and poor real-time performance in fuzzy control algorithm,selecting fuzzy PID controller as study plant,an equivalent NN model with universal function approximating ability was utilized to accurately approach a known fuzzy PID controller. After that,the same plant model which was controlled by the fuzzy PID controller and the equivalent NN model were simulated with different reference inputs,respectively. Results demonstrate that control qualities from two different controllers are extremely similar. Therefore,the fuzzy PID controller can be replaced by an equivalent NN model in order to reduce the computational complexity,avoid the dimensional curse and improve the real-time performance.


Many scientists lead lives of quiet exasperation; at times a few are impelled to break the silence. In this volume Baker has compiled an impressive, if variegated, array of satirical compositions on the scientific scene. Each article, if read at a convention banquet or annual Sigma Xi dinner, would have been a riot; strung together in an anthology, some still retain their humorous bite. In many, however, the whimsy has withered or curdled, while a few are about as unappealing as sphaceli on a surgical sponge. A boutade on decolletage provides the collection with its provocative name. The contents of this particular paper prove to be less inspired than the title, a not unfamiliar failing of many scientific communications. It is clear, however, that with the aid of engineering principles, the mammary appendage has defied the laws of gravity more successfully than did the apple of Newton. In another essay,


PECAM-1 is an adhesion molecule that plays an important role in the process of tumour disease dissemination since a function in transendothelial migration, angiogenesis and immune response has been shown for this membrane protein. Nevertheless the expression of PECAM-1 protein in solid tumours is a controversial matter and it has not been clarified so far. Thus, the aim of our study was to investigate PECAM-1 expression by immunohistochemistry in primary carci-nomas from colon, breast, bladder, ovary and kidney, and in their metastases. In addition an example of primary and metastatic melanoma was also investigated. We found that PECAM-1 is expressed in the metastases of all primary car-cinomas that express PECAM-1 (colorectal, breast and urothelial bladder). By the contrary metastases from primary carcinomas non-expressing PECAM-1 are also negative for expression. In conclusion, our findings support a possible role of this molecule in metastatic development of a subset of malignant human epithelial tumours.t


The rapid development of technologies and steadily growing amounts of digital information highlight the need of developing an accessing system. Contentbased image indexing and retrieval has been one of the most important research areas in computer science for the last few decades. In this thesis, the approaches of contentbased image retrieval using low level features such as color, shape and texture are investigated to create a prototype that perceive images similar to a human. The color histograms and wavelet texture analysis in this thesis act as image based feature representations. The morphological operations like opening and closing are used to help analyze geometrical structures of medical images to extract shape as image components. In addition, the performance improvements on image retrieval offered by integrating the three promising features stated above. Experimental results using four different classes of 150 blood cell images showed 95.68% of retrieval accuracy.


In this paper we study evolution of plane curves satisfying a geometric equation v = β(k, ν), where v is the normal velocity and k and ν are the curvature and tangential angle of a plane curve Γ. We follow the direct approach and we analyze the so-called intrinsic heat equation governing the motion of plane curves obeying such a geometric equation. The intrinsic heat equation is modified to include an appropriate nontrivial tangential velocity functional α. We show how the presence of a nontrivial tangential velocity can prevent numerical solutions from forming various instabilities. From an analytical point of view we present some new results on short time existence of a regular family of evolving curves in the degenerate case when β(k, ν) = γ(ν)km, 0 < m ≤ 2, and the governing system of equations includes a nontrivial tangential velocity functional.


The laboratory simulation environment of the low-voltage station area is set up, and various experimental conditions such as adjustable line parameters, variable load, and operating conditions can be simulated to simulate various types of on-site environment and operation status of the actual station area. This paper proposes the electrical characteristics analysis and parameter extraction method based on the user's electricity behavior. Firstly, through deep mining of massive low-voltage station area power data, based on hierarchical analysis, cluster analysis and other algorithms, extract the typical electrical characteristics of the station area and the user's electricity behavior characteristics, build a typical low-voltage station area model, and develop the laboratory environment. Then, a method for extracting the electrical characteristics of the station based on the user's electricity consumption behavior is proposed. Finally, the simulation of hardware equipment and numerical model are modified to fully simulate the running state of typical station. The experimental results show that the simulation platform is helpful for the verification of the research results of low-voltage platform area, such as the operation error check, the relationship between household and transformer, and the line loss.


Chinese wind resources have obvious regional concentration and a unique intensive development method is formed as known as the wind farm cluster. The effect of convergence to capacity credibility is often ignored when the capacity credibility of wind farm cluster is assessed. Under this background, this paper studies the relationship between convergence effect and wind power in order to quantify the contribution of convergence effect to capacity credibility. Firstly, the wind power duration curve is used to describe the correlation between the low power duration and lost of load probability (LOLP). Secondly, the selection of optimal peakload period is determined in the calculation of peak-load rate method. Then, the increment caused by the convergence effect is taken into account and an evaluation method is proposed for wind farm cluster capacity credibility. Finally, this method is applied to evaluate an actual power system for the verification of effectiveness. This result is an important reference in the calculation of electric power balance for wind farm clusters.


The FDA has cleared the first transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) device (Neuro-Star) for the treatment of major depressive disorder in adults who show no improvement after an adequate trial of a single antidepressant.


The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of moisture on the heat transfer through clothing in relation to the water vapour resistance, type of underwear, location of the moisture and climate. This forms part of the work performed for work package 2 of the European Union THERMPROTECT project. Thermal manikin results of dry and wet heat loss are presented from different laboratories for a range of 2-layer clothing with similar dry insulations but different water vapour permeabilities and absorptive properties. The results obtained from the different manikins are generally consistent with one another. For each climate, total wet heat loss is predominately dependent on the permeability of the outer layer. At 10 °C, the apparent evaporative heat loss is markedly higher than expected from evaporation alone (measured at 34 °C), which is attributed to condensation within the clothing and to increased conductivity of the wet clothing layers.


The following page provides you with tips and information for successful working with children and young people as well as a useful insight into with the ways in which children and young people want practitioners to engage with them.
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The goal of this study is evaluation social and historical content of social cleavage in contemporary Iran. Analytical framework rooted in Rokan theory. Rokan believed that social cleavage appearance post of revolutions. Method of study was historical comparatives. The method of this research is comparative historical in which we used of historical documents and data. In this field, I have compared data of indexes of socio-economic of ethnic states. Assessment of data and documents show that social cleavages and particularly ethnic cleavages rise after Reza shah revolution. He established centralized and dictated government and divided society of Iran and institutionalization the inequality in social structure. Sense of deprivation about inequality and suited circumstance activated ethnic cleavage in Iran. Decrease of inequality and justice could decrease of social deprivation and deactivated social cleavages.


We study additive models within the context of the parametric random field model proposed by Hamilton (2001). This is a flexible parametric approach to model nonlinearities in the context of a regression model. Though the model is parametric, it enjoys the flexibility of the nonparametric approach as it can approximate a large collection of nonlinear functions and it has the added advantage that there is no "curse of dimensionality". If the true data generating process is additive, we propose a new specification of the random field model that is shown to have more accurate out of sample predictions than the Hamilton's model. For a fixed sample and for k regressors, we approximate the individual contribution of each regressor to the conditional mean by a random field, such that the nonlinear part is the sum of k individual and independent random fields as opposed to the Hamilton's model where one random field approximates the joint contribution of the k regressors. We


Influence of copper oxide fungicide on populations of Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes). Field and laboratory experiments were carried out to verify the hypothesis whether cupric fungicides would cause an increase in populations of the leprosis mite, Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes). In the laboratory experiment each seedling of the sweet orange ( Citrus sinensis ) was treated with different doses of copper oxide (0, 21, 42, 84 and 168g i.a. /100 liters of water) and received 15 females of B. phoenicis and kept at 25oC. Counting of the mites's eggs, larvae, nymphs and adults was undertaken after 48 days. The field experiment was conducted in a Natal variety citrus orchard. The treatments were the same used in the laboratory experiment and the fungicide was applied with a pistol pulverizer. After 40 and 60 days fifteen fruits were sampled in each batch. Both experiments were designed in randomized blocks of 5 treatments and 5 repetitions in the field experiment and 6 in the lab one. Results of both experiments showed no significant difference between treatments. No correlation between doses of fungicide and mite population was verified. The results of the investigation led to the conclusion that the different doses of copper oxide did not cause a significant increase of B. phoenicis population, in both field and laboratory experiments.


Proceedings and techniques in order to maximize the reliability and the availability of
industrial plants have been used along the last decades by specialists and professionals
of maintenance. However, the modern industrial systems' sizing, and the increasing
complexity and interdependence among its components have become this activity's
planning a more and more difficult task. Considering this scenario, the objective of the
present work is to provide a computational tool which is able to help about the taking
decision's task, and about planning policies of maintenance practiced in thermonuclear
plants. The tool developed is based on the artificial neural networks (ANN) for the
recognition of standards and establishment of correlations among events occurred in the
components of pressurized water reactor (PWR) typical systems. The ANN work as
miners of database of failure events, and are able to identify connections and to
establish imperceptible inferences even for the most experienced specialists in
maintenance of nuclear systems. The results were attained from realistic data and are
confronted against the maintenance's classic policies which are practiced nowadays on
PWR thermonuclear plants. These results show the solidity of the technique in valuing
and predicting failures in a real powerplant, and is able to be used as a tool for
supporting decisions about planning maintenance policies on a typical PWR.


The Y and Focus on Health are partnering together for the 35 th Annual Focus on Health community-wide health fair event. Focus on Health provides FREE health checks for:  Blood pressure  Vision  Height/Weight/BMI  Bone density  Free hearing, foot and balance testing will be at select locations.


Recent reports have described single individuals with neurodevelopmental disability (NDD) harboring heterozygous KCNQ3 de novo variants (DNVs). We sought to assess whether pathogenic variants in KCNQ3 cause NDD and to elucidate the associated phenotype and molecular mechanisms.


In this paper, we investigate the convergence and leader-follower patterns of pairs of novice programmers as they traced and debugged fragments of code and the impact of these patterns against the success of programming pairs. We performed a dual eye tracking experiment, recorded their fixations and computed for the recurrence rate and the diagonal recurrence profile using Cross-Recurrence Quantification Analysis (CRQA). Results showed that programming pairs who chat and work on the same program together and converge more often significantly perform better than those who do not. The highly proficient but poorly acquainted pairs, despite of poor convergence, still perform the best. On the other hand, low proficiency pairs that are highly acquainted have the weakest performance even if they converge very well. Findings also revealed that there is a significant difference as to who is leading who. The more successful participants within pairs are leading the less successful participants majority of the time. This study is important because it provides information about the dynamics that may likely occur in a pair


The article reviews the art exhibition by Thomas Woodruff at the California State University Art Museum in Long Beach, California.


Informatics is becoming essential in our daily activities. The use of the human machine interface requires fine movements from the user. When human movements are distorted, for instance, by tremor, performance could be improved by digitally filtering the intermediate signal before it reaches the controlled interface. This paper presents a novel device able to filter out tremorous movements from the cursor of a mouse in the screen of the computer. This task requires real-time discrimination between voluntary and tremorous movement. To address this problem, a learning algorithm is introduced as well as the evaluation and validation with users of the prototype developed.


In this paper we address a particular kind of cross domain personalization task consisting of selecting simultaneously two items in two different domains and recommending them together because they fit the user preferences and also they fit well together. We show that given some personalized recommendations for places of interests (POIs), the user satisfaction for these POIs can be increased by enriching their presentation with music tracks that match the user's profile and are also matching the POIs. We present the results of an online experiment where alternative approaches for matching POIs and music, based on tagging and text matching, have been tested with users.


This thesis analyzes how 'expressionism' is used in contemporary literature through reading Cathedral by Raymond Carver and Escorted by Lighted by hae-jin Cho. 'Expressionism' is an art period that appeared in the 20th century and has the aim to express a subjective psychological condition of a character. This thesis limits 'expressionism' to the 'senses' of humans. The first person and the main character of each two short-story portrays vividly the inner world of themselves through the 'five senses', especially the 'sense of touch' and the 'sense of sight'. Furthermore, the utilization of 'sense of touch' and 'sense of sight' have the feature of the medium of the narrator to understand other people. Eventually, the 'expressionism' in contemporary literary works has the hopeful function of suggesting 'the possibility of solidarity' and beyond 'the connection to the community'.


Aim: Depression is a main public health problem and disability worldwide. A bi-directional influence can be between foods and psychological disorders. This study aimed to determine the association between some good mood foods and depression.
Method: In this cross-sectional study, 100 undergraduate students and academicians over the age of 18 studying at Istanbul-Turkey universities were included. Demographic characteristics and eating habits were asked, and Beck Depression Scale was used to determine depression status.
Results: High intakes of milk, yogurt, meat, egg, fish, walnut, fig, almond, banana, kiwi, pineapple, chocolate, honey, tomato and oyster were associated inversely with depression. There was a significant relationship between fig, kiwi and honey (borderline) and depression. So that the OR (odds ratio) (95% CI) in the low and high consumption category of fig was 0.39 (0.15-0.98) and 0.24 (0.08-0.76) respectively (p<0.05). The higher consumption of kiwi decreases the risk of depression. The ORs (95% CI) of low and high consuming of kiwi were 0.56 (0.19-1.68; p=0.3) and 0.12 (0.03-0.41; p=0.001) respectively. For honey the ORs (95% CI) in low and high consumption categories were 0.42 (0.12-1.46. p=0.17) and 0.32 (0.1-1.02. p=0.05) respectively.
Conclusion: It was observed that the frequency of depression decreased in people who consumed high amounts of fruits, vegetables, nuts, legumes, milk and yogurt.


Fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agents inhibit most Enterobacteriaceae at extremely low concentrations, ≤0.5 μg/mL. The half‐lives of the agents range from 4 to 18 hours. Most of the available fluoroquinolones can be administered once daily to treat urinary tract and diarrheal infections. Newer agents with long half‐lives that inhibit gram positive organisms at lower concentrations than the older fluoroquinolones, ≤1 μg/mL, and have a long postantibiotic effect have the potential to be used once daily as treatment of respiratory, skin‐structure and selected bone infections as well. Careful clinical studies are needed to establish the efficacy of once daily use of fluoroquinolones, to determine that clinical efficacy is equivalent to multiple doses, and that once‐daily dosing does not select more resistant bacteria. Single‐dose therapy with quinolones would be an improvement in cost and patient compliance.


Objective:To analysis the clinical character of functional atrial-ventricular block. Methods:To analysis clinical information in 32 patients with functional atrial-ventricular block. Results:In 32 patients with functional atrial-ventricular block, 81.3% complicated with electrolyte disturbances ,acid-base disturbances and renal inadequacy, and 62.5% complicated with other type of arrhythmia,One case occurred with organic atrial-ventricular block after six monthes. Conclusion:Besides main cause, electrolyte disturbances ,acid-base disturbances and renal inadequacy are complicated factores in functional atrial-ventricular block , It is characteristic of functional atrial-ventricular block with other type of arrhythmia,It is necessary to followup in patients ever with functional atrial-ventricular block


In the move towards improving retention rates for substance-misuse treatment programmes, interest is growing in interventions that complement existing programmes. This paper describes a multi-method research design used to explore the experience of seven participants who took part in a seven session group-drumming intervention called Health Rhythms (HR). The study inquires into the efficacy of this intervention as part of a structured day-services treatment programme for adult substance-misusers in West Hertfordshire in the UK. Semi-structured interviews, combined with a measurement instrument and attendance records provided a triangulated approach for data collection, with findings subjected to qualitative and quantitative analysis. The main findings can be summarized as: (a) showing support for the therapeutic elements of group-drumming found in previous studies; and (b) indicating that HR sessions are a popular addition to substance-misuse treatment programmes, with implications for attendance and retention rates. The paper concludes with suggestions for further study and implications for the use of drumming groups in a range of health-care settings.


High dose vitamin D supplementation does not reduce invasive cancer or cardiovascular events in healthy people over 50, a large randomised trial has found.1 Further results showed no benefits from omega 3 fatty acids in primary prevention.2

Supplemental vitamin D is currently used to prevent and treat bone related disorders, but interest has been growing in its use for preventing cancer and cardiovascular disease. This is mainly based on studies showing lower death rates from cancer and cardiovascular disease in regions with greater sun exposure, which is assumed to increase …


In order to solve the remote real-time monitoring problems of distribution and improve the quality of power supply further, this paper designs a real-time monitoring management system of the distribution transformer based on wireless private network. The system includes three parts, namely the acquisition of distribution terminals DTU, GPRS and GSM communications channel, and monitoring center. The communications channel takes advantage of the advanced APN technology to set up wireless private network which ensures fast, reliable, safety running of the entire system. The data communication test verifie the feasibility of the system.


A forward-looking measure of 'vulnerability to poverty' is estimated and a concerted effort is made to understand the sources of vulnerability in the drought-prone lowlands of Ethiopia. Using the Household Consumption Expenditure Survey and the Welfare Monitoring Survey of 2015–16, which include additional zones in the Afar and Somali regions increasing the representativeness of the survey in pastoral areas, the analysis reveals that vulnerability is remarkably higher in the drought-prone lowlands than in the other ecological zones, even though differences in poverty rates are modest. The analysis also reveals important distinctions in the sources of vulnerability. In the drought-prone lowlands, (i) the prevalence of both poverty-induced and risk-induced vulnerability is the highest among all the ecological zones and (ii) the importance of vulnerability due to aggregate shocks, such as droughts, relative to vulnerability due to idiosyncratic shocks is higher than in the other ecological zones. These findings attest to the unique nature of the drought-prone lowlands in comparison to the other agroecological zones of Ethiopia and the need for adaptive social protection programmes targeting not only the chronically poor but also the vulnerable.


We review published deep surveys in the submillimeter (sub-mm) regime from the new Sub-millimetre Common User Bolometer Array (SCUBA, [1]) on the 15-m James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT), Mauna Kea, Hawaii. Summarising the number counts of faint sub-mm sources determined from the different surveys we show that the deepest counts from our completed SCUBA Lens Survey, down to 0.5 mJy at 850 μm, fully account for the far-infrared background (FIRB) detected by COBE. We conclude that a population of distant, dust-enshrouded ultraluminous infrared galaxies dominate the FIRB emission around 1 mm. We go on to discuss the nature of this population, starting with the identification of their optical counterparts, where we highlight the important role of deep VLA radio observations in this process. Taking advantage of the extensive archival Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations of our fields, we then investigate the morphological nature of the sub-mm galaxy population and show that a large fraction exhibit distu...


As mining activity moves to remote and less developed locations globally, a holistic approach to mine development is fundamental for achieving a balance between strong financial returns and corporate social responsibility and transparency. Key inter-related fundamentals such as social licence to operate, life-of-mine operational planning, minimising environmental impacts and, most importantly, attractive investment returns for the mining company all contribute to the viability of any new mining project. However, the typical practice in the mining industry is often to treat environmental and social/community aspects as separate compliance issues that are dealt with at minimum cost and disruption to the project and resulting operation. This often results in less than optimum environmental and social outcomes, and presents considerable liabilities at the time of closure when rehabilitation programs continue to require funding when all revenue has ceased. The five capitals model seeks to identify each of the key contributors to sustainable development as financial, manufactured/physical, social, human and natural to formulate a type of triple bottom line approach balancing these often competing project factors. The SUSOP® sustainability risks and opportunities framework, developed by the mining industry, bases its approach on the five capitals model and proposes an approach that breaks down enterprise silos to identify innovative solutions for life-of-mine sustainability. This framework has been developed with the nature of mining projects in mind in order to produce approaches and outcomes relevant throughout the life cycle from the planning phases, through project design and construction into operation and closure. This paper argues the need for a more holistic approach to the development and operation of mining projects, and presents case studies where a holistic approach has been applied, in whole or part, and discusses the lessons learned from these case studies.


Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) is a well-known problem in the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP) related to automatically determining the most appropriate sense of words in context. Several machine learning-based approaches have been proposed to tackle the ambiguity of language, but the lack of labeled data to train supervised models made semi-supervised learning (SSL) appear as an attractive option. Furthermore, the use of word embeddings to enhance the results of NLP tasks was shown to be an efficient strategy. Thus, this paper aims at adapting semi-supervised algorithms for WSD using word embeddings from Word2Vec, FastText, and BERT models combined with part-of-speech tags as input. We conduct a systematic evaluation of four graph-based SSL models analyzing the influence of their hyperparameters on the results, as well as the distances to build the graphs, the percentages of labeled data, and the word embeddings architectural variations. As a result, we show that SSL algorithms which received 10% of labeled data are strong baselines on the subsets of nouns and adjectives. Additionally, these algorithms do not need further training to disambiguate new words, hence being competitive to supervised systems.


This paper compares the allocation of time by Americans in 2003 and 2018 using published data from the American Time Use Survey (ATUS). The 168 hours available in a week were allocated to three major categories of activities: necessary time, work, and leisure. Necessary time includes activities that satisfy physical, intellectual, emotional, and spiritual needs. Work is composed of market activities (labor, human capital acquisition (pre-labor) and related activities such as commuting, coffee breaks, and job search) and non-market activities (home production and volunteer time). Leisure is measured as the residual. The comparison between 2003 and 2018 was performed for the entire population 15 years and over and for selected age and income groups. The main conclusion is the remarkable stability of the allocation of time, especially time spent working. When the 2018 data are standardized to the age distribution of the population in 2003, the time per person 15+ allocated to work is lower in 2018 by 1 hour and 45 minutes per week (15 minutes per day). This reduction is due entirely to non-market work which fell by 2 hours and 19 minutes per week. The time allocated to market work actually increased by 34 minutes per week.


Vutrisiran (ALN‐TTRsc02) is a liver‐directed, investigational, small interfering ribonucleic acid drug for the treatment of transthyretin (TTR)‐mediated amyloidosis. This phase I, randomized, single‐blind, placebo‐controlled, single ascending dose study evaluated the pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and safety profile of subcutaneously administered vutrisiran (5–300 mg) in healthy subjects (n = 80). Vutrisiran treatment achieved potent and sustained TTR reduction in a dose‐dependent manner, with mean maximum TTR reduction of 57–97%, maintained for ≥ 90 days post dose. Vutrisiran was rapidly absorbed (peak plasma concentration 3–5 hours post dose), had a short plasma half‐life (4.2–7.5 hours), and plasma concentrations increased in a dose‐proportional manner. Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic results were similar in Japanese and non‐Japanese subjects. Vutrisiran had an acceptable safety profile; the most common treatment‐related adverse event was mild, transient injection site reactions in four (6.7%) vutrisiran‐treated subjects. The favorable pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and safety results observed here support vutrisiran's continued clinical development.


A hydraulic generating apparatus comprises a water tank (1), a float (3), a linear-rotation conversion mechanism (4), and a generator (5). Water can be supplied into and discharged from the water tank (1). The float (3) is arranged to float in the water tank (1), and it moves up and down in accordance with a fluctuation in water surface level. The linear-rotation conversion mechanism (4) comprises a male screw shaft (41) and a female screw body (42). The male screw shaft (41) is rotatably supported, the female screw body (42) is screwed together with the male screw shaft (41) and interlocks with linear movement when the float (3) moves up and down, and the male screw shaft (41) is rotated by a linear displacement at the time of this interlocking. The generator (5) is driven by the rotation of the male screw shaft (41).


The late-preterm infant refers to the infant who is born at 340/7 through 366/7 week's gestation.In recent years,the number of the late-preterm continually ascends and the proportion of them in the preterm group increase as well.Recent studies find that the rates of morbidity and mortality of late-preterm infants are much higher than those of term infants.The rise of the proportion of the former and the more medical resources consumed attract the considerable attention thereby.In this article,we will review late-preterm infants' morbidity of several systems and its influential factors in order to provide more information for perinatal medical staff to improve diagnosis,treatment and further research.

Key words:
Late-preterm; Disease; Influential factors


The sensilla who act as thermohygroreceptor, chemoreceptor, or mechanoreceptor are the main sensory structures of insects. Insects carry different types, numbers and distributions of sensilla in body parts such as head, antenna, mouth parts, and leg segments. In this study, the sensilla types on the head, antenna and mouth parts of Aelia rostrata Boh. (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae) were invastigated with using scanning electron microscope. According to the results of the study, 4 major types of sensilla with different diameters and cone-shaped protrusions have been identified: sensilla basiconica, sensilla trichodea, sensilla peg, and sensilla campaniformia. These sensilla show different distributions in the examined structures of the insect. The results obtained from the study were also compared with other species in the literature, and similarities and differences were revealed. To cite this article: Polat, I., Gözüpek, H., Kıyak, S., Suludere, Z., 2021, The sensilla on head, antenna and mouth parts in Aelia rostrata Boh. (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae): A scanning electron microscopical study, J.Het.Turk., 3 (2):118–139 DOI:10.5281/zenodo.5717206 To link to this article: https://www.j-ht.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/V32-A1.pdf Received: Oct 29, 2021; Revised: Nov 08, 2021; Accepted: Nov 10, 2021; Published online: Nov 30, 2021 R e se a ch A ricle


The cement was assumed to be uniform distribution when the cement sheath affection in cased well was analyzed with the transmission line model,but actually it was distributed irregularly.Through casing resistivity logging response of irregular cement sheath was analyzed based on the transmission line numerical algorithm.The result shows that the irregular cement sheath has higher influences on the formation resistivity measurement.The higher resistance cement and the deeper the thickness of the cement sheath would cause more error for measurement,especially in the low resistant strata,which could not be ignored in the case of influencing the apparent resistance of high resistant strata.


We continue our study of matrix models of dually weighted graphs. Among the attractive features of these models is the possibility to interpolate between ensembles of regular and random two-dimensional lattices, relevant for the study of the crossover from twodimensional flat space to two-dimensional quantum gravity. We further develop the formalism of large N character expansions. In particular, a general method for determining the large N limit of a character is derived. This method, aside from being potentially useful for a far greater class of problems, allows us to exactly solve the matrix models of dually weighted graphs, reducing them to a well-posed Cauchy-Riemann problem. The power of the method is illustrated by explicitly solving a new model in which only positive curvature defects are permitted on the surface, an arbitrary amount of negative curvature being introduced at a single insertion.


As a new mode of governance, e-government raise challenge to the traditional government management. From a global point of view, the development of e-government and government management model has always been linked to changes in its outstanding performance in the government power system reconstruction, restructuring of government organizations, government management of change and so on. E-government construction and promotion of the realization of the pattern of administration for the service provided an important material foundation and technical support. Electronic public services, thereby becoming e-government and service-oriented government point.


The small aircraft transportation system (SATS) project has been a five-year effort fostering research and development that could lead to the transformation of our country's air transportation system. It has become evident that our commercial air transportation system is reaching its peak in terms of capacity, with numerous delays in the system and the demand keeps steadily increasing. The SATS vision is to increase mobility in our nation's transportation system by expanding access to more than 3400 small community airports that are currently under-utilized. The SATS project has focused its efforts on four key operating capabilities that have addressed new emerging technologies and procedures to pave the way for a new way of air travel. The four key operating capabilities are: higher volume operations at nontowered/nonradar airports, en route procedures and systems for integrated fleet operations, lower landing minimums at minimally equipped landing facilities, and increased single pilot performance. These four capabilities are key to enabling low-cost, on-demand, point-to-point transportation of goods and passengers utilizing small aircraft operating from small airports. The focus of this paper is to discuss the technical and operational feasibility of the four operating capabilities and demonstrate how they can enable a small aircraft transportation system.


Exfoliated polystyrene nanocomposites have been synthesized by in situ bulk multistep polymerization of polystyrene (PS) in the presence of the filler. The filler was layered double hydroxide (LDH) – tetracalcium aluminate hydrate, modified by the intercalation of benzoate anions (Ca4Al2(OH)12(C6H5COO)2• xH2O). Benzoate anions were found to increase the interlayer distance of the original filler. At the same time, the organophilicity of the filler was increased. The LDH was prepared using a variant of the rehydration method. The PS/LDH composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) methods. XRD and TGA results pointed to the successful incorporation of the filler within the polymer matrix. However, XRD results indicated that a characteristic layered structure of the filler had disappeared, i.e. the delamination had occurred. The filler was dispersed within the matrix in a form of nanosized monolayer particles, i.e. a nanocomposite material was prepared.


The Karamanlides, also known as Karamanli people, are those who spoke Ottoman Turkish and wrote in Greek characters in Asia Minor during the rule of the Ottoman Empire. The Karamanli Turkish community has been forced to leave the country in accord with the 1923 Mubadele. There are also evidences of records of Karamanlides found in rare book libraries and archives in Cyprus, Greece, Istanbul, and Anatoli. The first step of the research was to identify available digital Karamanlides cultural artifacts via social media tools such as Facebook, Twitter, and Youtube and pinpoint the useful metadata. The next step focused on the analysis of these user generated metadata. Findings suggested that these unique cultural artifacts have been scattered all over the WWW and lack descriptive metadata. The aim of this project is not just the discovery of Karamanlides artifacts, but also the reconnecting of people to their cultural heritage and lost memories via a digital platform. It is hoped that it will facilitate genealogy research among these dispersed people and common understanding of cultural heritage, common cities and shared countries such as Cyprus that remains divided. In this study, Karamanlidika Virtual Library will not be only a repository where Karamanlides artifacts stored, described, and retrieved but also an online collaborative working and meeting space for the descendants of Karamanli heritage exploring and documenting their family history.


Podcast listeners have tripled over the past 5 years to over 100 million subscribers inside the US alone. Yet, no research study has focused on obtaining insights into the growth and popularity of contents among the subscribers. In this paper, we investigate the main factors that contribute to the popularity of podcasts. Our study helps content producers, service providers, and investors to better understand the rationales behind the popularity of podcasts.


This design support system comprises: a positioning unit for positioning a capacity cell in free space in a cell positioning area of a semiconductor integrated circuit; and an information output unit, which, when a pre-arranged position where a particular logic cell is to be positioned is indicated, calculates the sum total of the capacity of the capacity check area containing the abovementioned position among a plurality of capacity check areas included in the cell positioning area under the assumption that the capacity cell at said position has been removed; calculates the sum total of the required capacity of the capacity check area containing the abovementioned position under the assumption that the abovementioned particular logic cell has been positioned; and outputs information representing the relationship between the sum total of the abovementioned capacity and the sum total of the required capacity calculated with regard to the capacity check area containing the abovementioned position.


Position data provides the means to track cows' activity and movement in a barn. This information may, for example, help in heat detection [1] or allow social relations in a herd to be studied [2]. We can identify the following requirements for a cow positioning system: The accuracy should be less than 1 m [3] and the sampling rate should be high enough [3], for measuring e.g. cow's speed. The system should be able to track multiple cows simultaneously [2].


For GNSS civil aviation applications, it is necessary to be able to guarantee the required level of performance specified by ICAO during a given phase of flight.


This paper presents a quantitative study carried out on more than 200 manufacturing plants located in Italy. The study aimed to explore whether small-to-medium sized enterprises (SMEs) in Italy are more responsive than large enterprises and determine what the levers are that these enterprises would employ to achieve their responsiveness. Logistic responsiveness has been considered a key driver of competitiveness. Several studies have suggested that company size is a major determinant of responsiveness and that SMEs have both strengths and weaknesses that influence their ability to promptly react to customer needs. The evidence of this study indicates that SMEs are more responsive than large companies in terms of delivery. This performance advantage is mainly the result of a rather narrow product range and a simpler product structure that allows SMEs to enjoy shorter manufacturing and assembly lead times. On the other hand, this study also shows that SMEs perform worse than large enterprises with respect to longer set-up times.


In this article, within the framework of general relativity, the possible effect of the gravitational interaction of Dirac nonlinear spinor fields on the evolution of the Universe, on the formation of astrophysical objects and on the formation of the geometry of the local space-time of elementary particles with spin ħ / 2 is considered.


Abstract: In her January 2008 interview with Ann Peckham, M�m�e King-Chun discusses her time at the University of Wisconsin-Madison Medical School from 1961 to 1991. She talks about her father?s service in China?s diplomatic corps, her transitory youth in Europe, and her eventual training at Bryn Mawr College and Columbia University. She chronicles some of her responsibilities in and contributions to medical education at UW-Madison after moving to Madison with her husband, Raymond Chun. She reflects on discrimination against women in medical school admissions and salaries, multicultural experiences as a Chinese student, and the experiences of other family members. This interview was conducted for inclusion in the University of Wisconsin-Madison Oral History Project.

Key Words: China; World War II; Bryn Mawr College; Bellevue Hospital (NYC); Babies (and Childrens?) Hospital (now New York-Presbyterian Hospital: The University Hospital of Columbia and Cornell); citizenship process; Raymond Chun; University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health; Waisman Center; problem-oriented charts; pediatric oncology; teaching; service; retirement.


With the increasing number of integrated functional units in Multi-Processor System-on-Chip (MPSoC) the communication among modules is becoming a major challenge. The overall system performance is not only characterized by the computing power but more often limited by the slow interconnections and memory accesses. Furthermore, the available on-chip memory is not efficiently utilized according to the application requirements. This paper describes the concept, implementation and analysis of a data management unit, which improves the utilization of on-chip distributed local memories. Hence data locality and system performance is improved. This strategy leads to a dramatic reduction in the number of accesses to the external memory for data-intensive applications. The impact of this approach on system performance is investigated in this work, which shows a reduction of 53% in the number of accesses to the external memory. In data-limited environments this leads to an improvement of up to 30% in the overall system performance.


Objective To determine the contents of total flavonoids and quercetin from leaves of Apocynum venetum collected from Songnen Grassland and Liao River mouth area respectively.Their antioxidant capacities were compared.Methods Ultrasonic extraction were applied to extract total flavonoids.A spectrophotometric method was used to measure total flavonoids,and content of quercetin was determined by HPLC.The antioxidant capacities of the extracts of total flavonoids from leaves of Apocynum venetum towards free radical scavenging were evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-icrylhydrazyl(DPPH) and hydroxyl radicals.Results The results showed that leaves of Apocynum venetum collected in Songnen Grassland and Liao River mouth area(10.593-11.001 mg·g-1 and 11.203 mg·g-1 respectively) both possessed higher amounts of flavonoids and the contents of quercetin from theirs were of 5.507-5.753 mg·g-1 and 5.218 mg·g-1 respectively.In addition,leaves of Apocynum venetum wildly growing in Songnen Grassland showed higher antioxidant activity as compared to that of Liao River mouth area.Conclusion There is no significant difference in the contents of total flavonoids and quercetin from leaves of Apocynum venetum between both areas,however,leaves of Apocynum venetum wildly growing in Songnen Grassland show higher antioxidant activity as compared to Liao River mouth area,further study of the correlation between antioxidant capacity and the ratio of the content of quercetin to total flavonoids is required.


A 60-year-old Japanese woman was referred to our hospital for yellow-brown plaques accompanied by ulceration on her left lower leg. Her medical history included neither diabetes mellitus nor minor trauma. A histopathological examination of the plaques showed necrobiotic changes within the dermal collagen surrounded by granulomas that comprised lymphocytes, histiocytes, and giant cells. The lower dermis revealed fibrotic changes that extended into the subcutaneous tissue. The patient's blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels were within the normal ranges. We considered a diagnosis of necrobiosis lipoidica (NL) in the absence of diabetes mellitus. We reviewed 116 cases of NL that were reported in the Japanese medical literature between 1986 and 2014 and found that NL onset was most common in individuals of both sexes ≥ 60 years of age. Previous reports that reviewed NL cases in the Japanese medical literature that were published during the1900s indicated that NL occurs in people ≥ 40 years of age. We suggest that the aging population and increasingly longer life spans have increased the average age of NL onset in Japan. With regard to treatments, there were no effective treatments, but skin grafts were curative. NL treatment is very difficult, especially when ulcers are present; hence, we suggest that further research is needed to determine effective NL treatments.


Developing membranes with excellent mechanical strength and chemical stability is a practically important issue for efficient removal of pollutants from wastewater. In this work, we report on a free-standing membrane fabrication from an activated boron nitride (ABN) micro-ribbon. The membrane techniques we used, combine the intrinsic active adsorption competence of ABN and the mechanical advantages of conventional membrane filtration. The obtained membranes show an excellent removal ability of water pollutants through a simple filtration adsorption process. The examined pollutants include toxic metallic ions and organics. We showed that the dye (like methylene blue) removal ability significantly exceeded that of activated carbon by an order of magnitude at least; lead ions (Pb2+) in wastewater can be nearly fully removed, the starting 5 mg L−1 concentration was reduced to less than 0.01 mg L−1 after the 600 μm-thickness membrane adsorption filtration. Moreover, the membranes can be stacked together to further improve the adsorption capacity because of their high permeability. The excellent reusable performance of the filtration membranes was also confirmed. We believe that the reported work should open the way toward the practical application of ABN membranes in the field of wastewater purification.


This work studies the effects of suramin on the growth and morphology of cell strain U285, obtained from human prostate hypertrophic tissue and cultured in vitro. The FRAME cytotoxicity test was performed to evaluate the inhibition of growth induced by suramin. Cells were exposed to suramin at the time of seeding and 24 hours later; neutral red was added with and without suramin. An optical microscope connected to a computer‐aided system and a scanning electron microscope were used to study morphological changes induced by suramin. Growth inhibition depends on drug concentration and exposure period. Moreover, the effect of suramin on neutral red uptake is reversible. Suramin 1,000 μM causes the cells to become spheroid, and they fail to form a monolayer. Our data indicate that the addition of suramin during the lag phase decreases the rate of cell proliferation. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


This publication presents the results of the 2005-2007 excavations at Swifterbant S4, carried out by the Groningen INstitute of Archaeology. S4 is a well-preserved Neolthic wetland site (c. 4300-4000 cal. BC) located within the Swifterbant river system in the Netherlands. We present the landscape setting, the various find categories and the spatial patterns with three research themes in mind. Theme 1 concerns the environmental setting, subsistence and site function. We conclude that the Swifterbant hunter-gatherer-farmers exploited a mosaic-type landscape. Theme 2 deals with developments in site function during the exploitation and exploitation history of the site. This analysis leads to the observation that episodes of cultivation and settlement alternated at S4. Theme 3, the use of space, was difficult to study due to the fragmented nature of the excavation plan. This site monograph makes Swifterbant S4 the most comprehensively published site of the Swifterbant river system.


In redundant manipulator research community, the phenomenon called torque instability has not yet been completely characterized using unanimous agreement on its mechanism. This article shows that the behavior is indeed caused by incomplete compensation of null dynamics related with self-motion. This instability can be avoided by proper control with compensation of nonlinear null dynamics, and we propose a method to stabilize conventional redundancy resolution schemes extended to dynamic controls.


A Perth doctor says the risk of deep vein thrombosis is increasing from cheap flights, high-frequency business travel and more baby boomers and retirees seeing the world.

Ross Baker, a professor at Murdoch University's centre for thrombosis and haemophilia, said the risk of travel-related DVT was still relatively low in healthy people but other factors, including being older than 40, increased the risk...


Based on the analysis of its concept,the hazards of the supersaturation of the total dissolved gas(TDG) were discussed.Through the measurements of saturation degrees of TDG by different models for typical water bodies,hydraulic sluicing may lead to the increase of TDG concentration and even to its supersaturation.On such a basis,the method of experimental study was employed to study the causes of the supersaturation of TDG and its release process.It indicated that the supersaturation of hydraulic projects due to hydraulic sluicing closely related to aeration,pressure,turbulence intensity,water temperature and so on.Some suggestions were proposed for reducing the supersaturation of TDG for hydraulic projects.


The characteristic research of silicon trap detector is of considerable significance in optical radiation measurement.The absolute spectral response and quantum efficiency are the major parameters which can reflect the performance of the detectors.The silicon trap detector is calibrated against the cryogenic radiometer with the expanded uncertainty better than 0.05%at 11 wavelengths between 325 nm and 980 nm.The internal quantum efficiency is interpolated from 325 nm to 980 nm.The calculated results are compared with direct measurements using to cryogenic radiometer.The results show that the deviation between theoretical calculation and experimental measurement values is less than 0.03%in the middle range from 325 nm to 980 nm,but the deviation are bigger on both ends of the band.


Much work has been done in statistically describing how DNA changes through evolution. Relative to models for neutral DNA sequence positions, models for functional DNA sequence positions usually include a far-from-uniform equil ibrium probability distribution and a significantly reduced r ate of change. We examine the mathematical basis for these modifications to the functional-DNA model. We find that, although non-lethal selection pressures will skew the equilibrium probability distribution of alleles, thus making fitter alleles more common in the population, selection pressures do not significantly affect the rate of allele change. Even beyond consideration of DNA sequences, the word "conservation" would more appropriately be used to indicat e the non-uniformity of an equilibrium probability distribu tion of alleles, rather than to denote a reduced rate of change. Th e design of statistical models of substitution for functiona l alleles should reflect this characterization.


THE PRELIMINARY TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE STUDY PROPOSES TO DEFINE A GENERAL TRANSPORT PLAN, UP TO THE YEARS 1985 AND 2000, WHICH WOULD ENSURE THE MOVEMENT OF PASSENGERS IN COMFORT. AMONGST THE NUMEROUS HYPOTHESES PROPOSED, ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT IS THAT CONCERNING MODAL SPLIT: THE POLICY OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT DEVELOPMENT DEPENDS ON VOLUNTARY AGREEMENT. THE CONSEQUENCES OF THIS CHOICE ARE FELT IN THE WHOLE CONURBATION: REDUCTION IN SATURATION OF THE DIFFERENT ROAD NETWORKS, POSSIBLE LIMITATION ON PARKING IN THE TOWN CENTRE, IMPROVEMENT IN ACCESSIBILITY TO EMPLOYMENT AREAS.


Objective: The role of the dartos muscle (DM) during erection is not known. We investigated the hypothesis that the DM contracts during erection. Patients and Methods: Electromyographic response of the DM to erection was studied in 23 healthy volunteers (mean age 37.2 ± 10.7 years). Erection was induced by intracavernosal injection of alprostadil. The DM response was tested before and after glans penis anesthetization. Results: The DM showed resting slow waves and action potentials. Slow wave frequency, amplitude and conduction velocity exhibited a significant increase on erection. Anesthetization of the erect glans penis was not associated with increase of slow wave variables. Conclusion: The DM appears to contract during coitus; this action is postulated to be reflex and mediated through the 'glans-dartos excitatory reflex'. DM contraction seems to elevate and impart warmth to the testicles with a resulting increase of testicular blood flow. It may also effect testicular compression, expressing its secretions into the vas deferens.


Tetrachloroaurate reduction with α-, β-, and γ-cyclodextrin at pH 10.56 was studied in this study by dual-angle dynamic light scattering and spectrophotometry. The nanoparticles were also characterized by scanning electron microscopy. In contrast
 with our previous study, the nanoparticles were purified by centrifugation prior to characterization. The reaction is considered to be a promising one-step method for preparation of gold nanoparticles with immobilized cyclodextrins without the need for seeding. Unlike in our previous study,
 the reaction mixture was boiled under reflux conditions instead of an open vial. This change sped up the reaction, and extensive aggregation was avoided. For the first time, this study demonstrated that all three cyclodextrins were able to reduce tetrachloroaurate at room temperature as well,
 but long incubation periods were necessary. This is the first publication discussing the mechanism of tetrachloroaurate reduction by cyclodextrins. The first stage of the reaction involved tetrachloroaurate hydrolysis despite presence of hydrochloric acid in the commercial preparation of tetrachloroauric
 acid (HAuCl4). Tetrachloroaurate was therefore the precursor but not the actual oxidant. The previous hypothesis on autocatalytic decarboxylation of cyclodextrins was therefore proven wrong. Particle growth was accompanied by nucleation, leading to coexistence of nanoparticles and
 nanoclusters. The resulting nanoparticles contained a small fraction of aggregates, probably because of sodium chloride generated from hydrochloric acid. However, besides playing this detrimental role, chloride ions facilitated nucleation by stabilizing gold intermediates. The nanoparticles
 solutions could be stored at least for three months, which contrasted with our previous work, where the nanoparticles were stable for only three days. For the first time, freeze-drying and reconstitution of the resulting nanoparticles were investigated, and they were shown to be free from
 aggregation. The synthesized gold nanoparticles are recommended for use as drug carriers.


Consider 4 patients with Ebola virus disease who require care in hospitals in developed countries. Patient A has rapidly progressive hypovolemic shock that evolves into pulseless electrical activity. The cardiac arrest is noted from the telemetry monitor at the nurses' station. Should a code be called? Patient B develops profound hypokalemia from diarrhea. While 2 nurses and a physician in protective equipment are at the bedside, the patient develops ventricular fibrillation. Should the clinicians attempt electrical defibrillation while using an indwelling intravenous catheter to correct the hypokalemia? Patient C has progressive Ebola with shock and multisystem organ failure. He becomes anuric and develops signs of respiratory failure. Should he be intubated for mechanical ventilation and hemodialyzed? Patient D had advanced Ebola but has stabilized with supportive care. She develops severe right lower-quadrant pain. Bedside ultrasonography suggests a ruptured appendix. Is an open appendectomy warranted? As hospital leaders across the developed world rapidly prepare for patients with Ebola, they are contemplating such situations. Guidance is needed to develop policies for the delivery of life-sustaining therapies to these patients. Addressing this issue requires consideration of several challenging ethical and operational questions. Should decisions about life-sustaining therapies be made at the bedside by clinicians, or should there be broader institutional or even national policies? Should clinicians be able to make such decisions unilaterally, or is shared decision making involving the patient and family required? If life support is to be withheld unilaterally, what are the duties of disclosing this deviation from standard care to patients or their families? We offer 5 points of ethical guidance to help address these questions (Table). Table. Guidance for Use of Life-Sustaining Therapies in Patients With Ebola First, Ebola presents an unfamiliar ethical paradigm for clinicians and hospital administrators. If patients A through D had bacterial septic shock and not Ebola, there would be few questions about providing life-sustaining interventions, particularly for the young, otherwise-healthy patients who typically contract Ebola. These decisions would be predicated on riskbenefit ratios for the patient alone. Ebola requires that the risks to clinicians be incorporated into these assessments. Second, any policy about Ebola management must accommodate clinicians' perceptions of the particular circumstances of individual patients. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for most patients with Ebola who have cardiac arrest carries a highly unfavorable riskbenefit ratio because of the likely release of bodily fluids during chest compressions and the time required to don appropriate protective equipment, which could limit effectiveness. A default policy (1) of not routinely providing CPR for patients with Ebola is preferable to a blanket prohibition against it. As patient B's case shows, resuscitation in some cases can be done effectively and relatively safely. In addition, allowing for the individual judgment of clinicians who have volunteered to care for these patients, such as enabling them to override default procedures in certain situations, shows appropriate respect for their expertise and sacrifices. Consequently, a default policy against CPR in patients with Ebola could prevent the hurried response of courageous but inadequately protected clinicians while being sufficiently flexible to promote clinician autonomy and the interests of patients who might benefit from resuscitation. By contrast, the risks for Ebola transmission to clinicians in patient C's case may be lower during elective intubation and hemodialysis catheter placement than during emergent CPR. Furthermore, patient C's case is similar physiologically to hypovolemic or septic shock (2), which has a case-fatality rate of approximately 20% in modern intensive care units (3). A controlled surgery for patient D may present a similarly favorable riskbenefit ratio. Given current knowledge, we believe that the appropriate default is for volunteer clinicians to provide these interventions but be able to deviate from this policy in higher-risk settings or if evidence emerges of greater risk associated with controlled procedures. Third, it is essential to continually measure and report risks to health care workers who provide care to patients with Ebola. Health care workers have long accepted duties to treat sick patients, even at some risk to themselves (4). However, there are limits to the risks that even those who volunteer to care for highly infectious patients should take. Given people's varying risk tolerances, achieving consensus on a specific, acceptable risk threshold may be difficult. The rate of transmission is likely to vary by the extent of exposure to patients and the nature and urgency of the services provided. It may be highest for nurses, who spend the most time with infected patients. If the rate of transmission is 4% (2 nurses were infected out of approximately 50 who cared for the first patient with Ebola admitted to a hospital in the United States) and the case-fatality rate is 50%, then the mortality risk for health care workers is high at 2%. Conversely, if the rate of transmission is 0.5% with optimal use of protective equipment and the case-fatality rate in highly resourced intensive care units is 10%, then the mortality risk for health care workers is 0.05%, or 5 per 10000 persons. Precisely where a threshold should be drawn needs to be part of the deliberations in each institution when formulating specific policies. They also need to give substantial weight to clinicians' risk tolerances and should be updated as new evidence of the risks for transmission and death emerge. Fourth, some may worry that default policies permitting individualized decision making at the bedside could lead to discrimination. For example, traditionally marginalized groups of patients might be preferentially denied access to life-sustaining treatments. We believe that this risk is small in a crisis in which providers have revealed their professional commitment by volunteering to care for patients with Ebola. Nevertheless, hospitals should consider establishing an oversight committee that reviews such decisions and has the authority to intervene if evidence of inequitable practices emerges. Finally, hospitals should disclose institutional default policies and individual clinical decisions to patients and families. Whenever patients are to be denied care that they might have received under different circumstances, they should be aware of such decisions and the reasons behind them (5). Although it may be challenging to disclose that treatments are being withheld in part because of the risks to clinicians, doing so respects patients' autonomy, facilitates anticipatory guidance, and may generate greater trust than practices in which the true reasons for withholding are disguised. Life support in patients with Ebola presents sufficient risks to clinicians that unilateral decisions to withhold certain therapies are ethically tenable, but this fact does not obviate clinicians' duties to respect their patients. These 5 points of guidance are intended to help institutions develop policies that balance risks, benefits, and duties to patients with Ebola and volunteer clinicians. Given the substantial uncertainty about the prognosis of patients with Ebola cared for in well-resourced intensive care units and the actual risks for transmission of this disease to health care workers in such settings, these recommendations merit updating as new evidence emerges.


The principles of circular economy begin to be essential to favor sustainable processes and Finland is one of the few countries in the world that has developed a detailed plan for its application. Indeed the SITRA world map obviously affects construction industry at different levels and benefits are described through two operational addresses: the implementation of Housing First program by the Y-Foundation, that enhance a better usage of housing building heritage in order to solve a critical social issue, and the extensive use of wood elements for building construction, that introduces new ecological innovations into a consolidated technical tradition.


Fatty acid lactylates and/or glycolates are combined as humectant compounds with at least one reducing agent for hair and used in a permanent waving operation. In comparison to hair permanently waved without their use, the humectant compounds impart increased moisture retention to the hair without sacrificing waving efficiency while, in most instances, showing improved waving efficiencies, particularly at elevated humidities.


The effects of frozen storage on weight loss during freezing, cooking yield, dimensional changes, and instrumental texture parameters of tilapia fish burger were evaluated during 6 months. Frozen storage for 1 month significantly increased the fish burger shear force, hardness and thickness reduction. Weight loss during freezing (0.6 ± 0.1 %) did not increase with storage time. There was no hardness (29.9 ± 0.7 N) and shear force (5.5 ± 0.2 N) increase during the frozen storage from 1 to 6 months. Tilapia fish burger can be stored for up to 6 months with minor physical changes.