The widespread dissemination of misinformation in social media has recently received a lot of attention in academia. While the problem of misinformation in social media has been intensively studied, there are seemingly different definitions for the same problem, and inconsistent results in different studies. In this survey, we aim to consolidate the observations, and investigate how an optimal method can be selected given specific conditions and contexts. To this end, we first introduce a definition for misinformation in social media and we examine the difference between misinformation detection and classic supervised learning. Second, we describe the diffusion of misinformation and introduce how spreaders propagate misinformation in social networks. Third, we explain characteristics of individual methods of misinformation detection, and provide commentary on their advantages and pitfalls. By reflecting applicability of different methods, we hope to enable the intensive research in this area to be conveniently reused in real-world applications and open up potential directions for future studies.


The plant factory belongs to an emerging "smart agriculture" product, which not only has broad development prospects, but also has important research significance. In the background of plant factory research, the hydroponic lettuce in the plant factory was taken as the research object, and an embedded development platform based on Raspberry Pi was built to realize the real-time monitoring of the plant factory control system. Lettuce related feature information, using machine learning algorithms, for data processing and research. The platform has certain guiding significance for predicting the optimal growth environment parameters of hydroponic lettuce, finding the optimal environmental parameters suitable for plant growth, and improving the quality of lettuce.


The Nandan-Hechi metallogenic belt,consisting of Mangchang,Dachang and Wuxu ore fields,is an important tin-polymetallic metallogenic belt in South China.Based on detailed field investigations,the ore-controlling styles of this belt can be classified into as follows:,(1)"Maanshan style",typical ore-controlling structure in the Mangchang ore field,with veins in the upper portion and strata in the lower portion,dominated by vein-like orebodies;(2)"Tongkeng style",typical ore-controlling structure in the Dachang ore field,also with veins in the upper portion and strata in the lower portion,but dominated by layered orebodies;(3)"Jianzhupo style",typical ore-controlling structure in the Wuxu ore field,dominated by vein-like orebodies.Moreover,the geological setting and structure characteristics of different ore-controlling styles are discussed.According to these ore-controlling styles,it is suggested that some places,such as the northwestern Maanshan Pb-Zn ore deposit in the Mangchang ore field,and the east and south of the Jianzhupo Pb-Zn ore deposit in the Wuxu ore deposit,are probably the loci of concealed orebodies.


Summary. The antifertility effect of 5-hydroxytryptamine creatinine sulphate (5-HT), 20 to 40 mg/kg subcutaneously, given about the time of implantation, was investigated in four species having between them three modes of implantation. The compound had a marked antifertility effect in rats once implantation had occurred but did not have any effect in mice, which have a similar mode of implantation, or any significant effect in guinea-pigs and rabbits on or around the day of implantation. In rats, antifertility effects similar to those seen with 5-HT were ob-tained by occluding the uterine vasculature for 1 hr, i.e. maximum effects on the day of implantation and little effect before this. In view ofthis and the finding that the effects of 5-HT were considerably reduced by the intraperitoneal injection of 40 mg dipyridamole/kg 15 min later, it was concluded that 5-HT produced its effects by reducing blood flow in the uterus.


This paper examines the Catalan identity as it is expressed by the president of Catalonia, Assemblea Nacional Catalana and Omnium Cultural on the Catalan National Day on the 11th of September 2014. These Catalan personalities are striving for an independent Catalonia. The research is conducted by a narrative method and a visual method in order to be able to interpret the cultural expressions and symbolic actions. The research points to the importance of narrative between history and future. This paper shows that the use of historical memory is fundamental in order to understand the striving for independence. The use of symbols and symbolic actions is also considered a manifest of the Catalan identity – the heavy use of the Catalan flag, La Senyera, is a great example hereof. This paper also touches upon the fact that many Catalans cherish and promote the use of the Catalan language. By declaring Catalonia a nation, democracy and self-determination are considered as fundamental components and rights, which the Catalans demand for their future. The long battle for independence has shaped the Catalan identity. (Less)


Pirkkalainen, Paivi Transnational responsibilities and multi-sited strategies: Voluntary associations of Somali diaspora in Finland Jyvaskyla: University of Jyvaskyla, 2013, 110 p. (Jyvaskyla Studies in Education, Psychology and Social Research, ISSN 0075-4625; 489) ISBN 978-951-39-5531-1 (nid.) ISBN 978-951-39-5532-8 (PDF) Diss. Finnish summary This PhD research examines the participation and organizing processes of the Somali diaspora in Finland from a transnational perspective contributing to the intersection of the research areas of immigrant associations and diaspora mobilization. The research analyses the organizing process of Somalis both as regards the country of settlement and the country of origin focusing in particular on voluntary associations that Somalis in Finland have been actively establishing. In addition to presenting different ways of collective action and engagement, the research explores what affects the organizing process. The research has engaged in collaborative, comparative and multi-sited methodologies. The empirical data consists in total of 89 semi-structured interviews, observations from several events and written material on associations collected from Finland and Somaliland. The empirical data has been analysed with the help of theoretical concepts of diaspora, political opportunity structures, contentious politics and social capital in four different articles and, finally, the main research results are brought together in the summary using the field approach. The research shows that Somalis are actively organizing to pursue different goals in different locations, and that the voluntary associations in Finland have become "tools" to maintain and materialise the diaspora identity for first generation migrants. The research shows that individual Somalis in Finland possess agency and are strategic in making use of the available opportunities in Finland a corporatist regime favoring organizing through voluntary associations. People living in the context of prolonged conflict and widespread poverty in Somalia/ Somaliland demand contributions from the diaspora. Through voluntary associations in Finland the diaspora responds to responsibilites relating to the country of origin. Moreover, associations provide individual Somalis venues for recognition which they otherwise, being labeled as "dangerous others" in Finland, lack. Associations also function from the Finnish authorities' point of view as a liaison to one of the largest minority groups in the country.


Objective To explore the acute toxicity and mutagenicity of nanoparticles of Fe 3 O 4 and Fe 3 O 4 coated with glutamic acid.[Methods]①Singly-treated test:The oral exposure maximum tolerance dose was determined in mice according to the previous results of acute toxicity tests.②Micronucleus assay in bone marrowcells:Animals were treated with nano-Fe 3 O 4 (600mg/kg,300mg/kg or150mg/kg)and with corresponding nano-Fe 3 O 4 -Glu.Calculating the rate of micronucleus cells.③Spermdeformity test:There were Fe 3 O 4 groups(600mg/kg,300mg/kg or150mg/kg)and corresponding nano-Fe 3 O 4 -Glu groups treated all for five days.④Chromosome aberration test in CHL cells with and without S9activation,CHL cells were treated with nano-Fe 3 O 4 (4.20μg/ml,2.10μg/ml,1.05μg/ml)and nano-Fe 3 O 4 -Glu(120μg/ml,60μg/ml or30μg/ml)respectively.[Results] The maximum tolerance doses for oral exˉposure of both nanoparticles were above600mg/kg in mice.The rates of micronucleus in bone marrowcells of each group of nano-Fe 3 O 4 and nano-Fe 3 O 4 - Glu were all below2‰.Sperm deformity test of nano-Fe 3 O 4 was positive(P0.01).The tests of chromosomal aberrations in CHL cells with or without an exogenous metabolic activation system(S9mix)showed that,the results at different doses of both nanoparticles were negative.[Conclusion] In this experiment system,the sperm deformity test showed that nano-Fe 3 O 4 could inˉduce mutation of male germ cells in mice in vivo.The results of these tests for nano-Fe 3 O 4 - Glu were all negative,suggesting that nano-Fe 3 O 4 - Glu is not found to have mutagenicity.


In the recent years, dengue fever has become an international global public health concern Dengue, a disease common in tropical and sub-tropical countries in the world, is transmitted through the bite of an Aedes mosquito. Dengue fever is potentially fatal and mainly affects children. The Philippines is one of the four countries in the Western Pacific which reported the highest dengue incidence in recent years. The study was done in June - October 2014 (Wet Season) and December 2014- April 2015 (Dry Season). Ten villages in Cagayan de Oro City were selected for the survey to identify the species and determine the abundance of mosquito larvae. A larval survey was conducted in each study area to determine the main breeding sites of dengue vector mosquitos and to examine the relationship between the ecological conditions surrounding the houses and the variation in larval density among houses. In this study the researcher uses oviposition traps designed to collect mosquito larvae. Of the mosquito larvae collected in the ten villages, the dominant identified species is Aedes aegypti. Data shows there are more Aedes larvae during the dry season. The study suggested that larval survey programme could serve as a tool not only to monitor the local dengue vector distribution but also to provide objective information for taking appropriate action by the community against dengue vectors. Keywords: Mosquito, Aedes , Ecological Survey, Wet and Dry Season, Villages


FIELD: metallurgy. SUBSTANCE: heat resistant component contains main part of TiAl of inter-metallic compound having friction surface rubbing against another component and resistant to abrasion coating. Coating is applied on friction surface and is formed by sedimentation in discharge of material of a consumable electrode of metal resistant to abrasion. EFFECT: raised resistance. 14 cl, 11 dwg, 3 tbl


A numerical investigation is carried out for estimating the influence of rib turbulators on heat transfer and pressure drop of staggered non-uniform pin-fin arrays of different shapes, in a simulated cambered vane trailing region. Pin-fins of square, circular and the diamond shapes, each of two sizes (d) were chosen. The ratio of span-wise pitch to longitudinal pitch is 1.06 and that to the pin size are 4.25 and 3.03, for all pin shapes. A constant heat flux boundary condition is assumed over the coolant channel walls, rib surfaces and circumferential faces of the pin-fins. Reynolds number is varied (20,000<ReD <40,000) by changing the coolant outlet to inlet pressure ratio. Pin end-wall and pin surface averaged heat transfer coefficients and Nusselt numbers are estimated and detailed contours of heat transfer coefficient on both the pressure and suction surfaces are presented. Whilst there is an enhancement in heat transfer and pressure drop with ribs for all the pin shapes, diamond pins have shown the highest enhancement values for both ribbed and non-ribbed configuration.Copyright © 2006 by ASME


This paper shows the current poverty rate (relative and absolute) and how far different features (personal, coexistence and employment) are associated with this situation. Furthermore, it considers the influence of the economic crisis (2009-2013) in a possible change in the relative importance of these features. To do this, relative and absolute poverty rates in Spain are analysed using two Eurostat indicators: risk of poverty and severe material deprivation, through the Survey on Living Conditions (ECV) by the Spanish statistical body INE. The results show it is useful to use both indicators, as the general rate of risk of poverty is not affected by the crisis (because the average income of Spanish households fell and with it the poverty threshold), so it is appropriate to qualify its results with material deprivation. Moreover, this superficial description includes the two factors associated with poverty as already discussed in specialist literature in Spain: the presence of minors in the household and its low work intensity. It also shows that the groups most affected by the current economic crisis are the unemployed, followed by young people.


Nowadays,simplified theory method from design codes and frequency domain method based on wind tunnel experiment method are widely used.As to the complication of the structures or obvious disturbance of the surrounding buildings to the wind field,time-history analysis of wind-induced vibration is suggested as a more simple,direct and effective method.In this paper,wind-induced vibration response analysis is carried out to the ultrahigh-rise structure of Synonym Haifeng.The important data of the displacement of the integral structure,the internal force,the acceleration time-history and so on are obtained by time-history analysis,which is realized by introducing the wind load time-history data into the finite element analysis software through programming.A feasible method for the wind-induced vibration response analysis and the evaluation of comfort is put forward in this paper for the ultrahigh-rise building structures beyond codes.


To the Editor.— This case is presented to illustrate a new avenue for parasitic infestation of patients who never have left the United States. A youngish man in January 1971 complained of watery diarrhea and flatulence for almost a month. He had some mucus but no blood in the stools. He had not been out of the country. There was abdominal tenderness, but the abdomen was soft and there was no guarding. A barium enema revealed only sigmoid spasm and coarse folds. Our villain showed up in the first stool as cysts of Giardia lamblia and E vermicularis . With quinacrine, 100 mg three times a day for one week for the Giardia , and pyrvinium pamoate, 50 mg seven times for the E vermicularis , all symptoms ceased and stool specimens were negative. The monster was considered slain. In November 1971 the same symptoms reappeared. As no source of the original infestation


3. Thirdly, we have in this question of the .disciples and the reply of our Lord the Divine answer to the world's deeper needs and the Divine solution of our problems. These problems are both economic and spiritual: they have a -relation to both body and soul. The best ,economists never ignore the ethical and spiritual .aspects of any problem. Christ was deeply conscious of man's two-fold needs. The accounts of the miracle reveal His


The invention relates to an electrochemical oxygen sensor with an internal barrier to oxygen diffusion. An electrochemical sensor includes a micro-porous plastic membrane supported on a disk and located between a gas inflow port and an electrolyte having a gelled oxygen diffusion barrier. The oxygen diffusion barrier, formed of gelled agar, minimizes thermal shock effects by impregnating any porous materials in the sensor.


Natural rubber is the preferred polymer in many areas of rubber use. This is because of its superior building tack, green stock strength, better processing, high resilience and excellent dynamic properties. The most important commercial source of natural rubber is the latex from Hevea brasiliensis. This latex is a weak lyophilic colloidal system consisting of particles of rubber hydrocarbon and non-rubbers suspended in an aqueous serum phase. The solid part contains approximately 94% rubber hydrocarbon, 3.5% proteins and 2.5% of other materials including fatty acids and resins". Purified natural rubber hydrocarbon is a long chain polymer made up of cis-l,4 polyisoprenoid units arranged in a highly stereo regular manner. The molecular weight of the polymer ranges from 105 to 106 and it varies widely-. Natural rubber has high structural regularity and tends to crystallise on stretching. This strain induced crystallisation gives it the unique high tensile strength in gum and nonreinforcing filled vulcanisates.


This report is a review of selected environmental literature of the Mississippi Deltaic Plain Region. This review introduces some of the major ecosystem components and processes, describes oil and gas production activities, and guides the reader to available literature.


The construction industry is flourishing day by day, as a result, cement consumption also increases. Since cement production causes carbon footprint, partial replacement using waste materials from various industries is one of the solutions. Pumice powder, generated by the stone processing industry, is an inert by-product possessing excellent cementitious characteristics. Utilisation of pumice powder in concrete can reduce the cost of construction and at the same time address the waste disposal problem. The fiber dispersion into concrete is one of the techniques to further improve the ductile properties of concrete. This study is focused on the strength properties of pumice powder pozzolan concrete reinforced with polypropylene fibers. Mechanical strength characteristics were evaluated for normal and varying contents of pumice powder and polypropylene fiber added mix after 7 and 28 days of curing. The results indicate that the strength properties of the modified mix has improved considerably. The significance of this study is to promote the usage of by-product waste as a replacement for cement thereby reducing CO2 emissions and thus resulting in the development of environmentally friendly concrete.


Introduction: Immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy is the most common form of glomerulonephritis in young men, often presenting as gross or microscopic haematuria and accounts for approximately 10% of the patients with End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD). The contribution of the complement system to amplify tissue injury in IgA nephropathy has been suggested but the precise pathways of complement activation especially the involvement of classical pathway remain largely unknown. Aim: To determine the prevalence of glomerular C1q deposition in IgA nephropathy to delineate the relationship of glomerular C1q positivity and different histological variables indicating disease activity and disease progression and also to determine the relationship of glomerular C1q positivity and the Oxford scoring system in IgA nephropathy. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective study conducted over a period of three years {January 2014- December 2016} in the Department of Pathology with the cooperation of the Department of Nephrology at Government Medical College, Kozhikode , Kerala, India. A total of 44 cases which were both biopsy and immunofluorescence proven as IgA nephropathy were included in the study. For light microscopy, the tissue received in buffered formalin was processed into paraffin blocks, stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) and histopathological changes analysed. For immunofluorescence, tissue received in normal saline was frozen in cryostat and 3 μm sections were stained using the Dako polyclonal Fluorescein Isothiocyanate (FITC) conjugated antibodies IgG, IgM, IgA, C3, C1q and studied for pattern of glomerular staining. Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Results: The prevalence of C1q deposits was 27.3%. Among histopathological variables, only fibrous crescent was found to have significant relationship with C1q positivity (p= 0.0472). On follow-up, 50% C1q positive patients and 11.76% C1q negative patients who were having normal renal functions at the start of the study went into renal insufficiency. Conclusion: The study revealed that there was a fairly high prevalence of C1q deposits in IgA nephropathy patients. Also, significant association was found between C1q deposits and fibrous crescent. Most significantly the study concluded that there is an increased tendency for the C1q positive patients to go into renal failure.


Tra‐c Flow Problems had been studied since 1950. Several kind of models had been used but still some features of congested ∞ow are not entirely well understood. In this talk we will present numerical results of tra‐c ∞ow when second order macroscopic models are used. These models give place to a system of hyperbolic equations or advectiondifiusion equations with some speciflc boundary and initial conditions. The set of equations being coupled and nonlinear pose a problem which must be solved by numerical means. Explicit flnite difierence methods as well as flnite volume methods are used to approximate the solution.


Objective: To observe the effect of exenatide therapy on blood glucose,lipid profile and body weight index of patients with short duration type 2 diabetes(≤5 years),and also to observe the side effects of exenatide.Methods: 19 patients with type 2 diabetes treated in our hospital from June 2011 to June 2012 were selected,and exenatide was added to the conventional treatment(diet control and exercise) or metformin,with a course of 3 months,and fasting blood glucose,postprandial blood glucose,HbA1C,blood lipid and body mass index of patients before and after treatment were recorded.,and the side effects were also recorded during the course.Results: FPG,2hPG and HbA1C of patients with short duration type 2 diabetes after exenatide therapy decreased significantly than those before treatment(P0.05),BMI and lipid profile did not change significantly after treatment(P0.05),but still decreased.Hypoglycemia was not found during the therapy.Conclusion: Exenatide can effectively control blood glucose,with improving lipid metabolism,reducing the occurrence of hypoglycemia and without increasing body weight.


The invention discloses an organosilicon quaternary ammonium long-acting antibacterial product and a preparation method of the organosilicon quaternary ammonium long-acting antibacterial product. The product comprises a first organosilicon quaternary ammonium antibacterial component, a second organosilicon quaternary ammonium antibacterial component and a third synergistic component, wherein the first organosilicon quaternary ammonium antibacterial component is dimethyl alkyl [3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl] ammonium halide containing C10-C16 alkyl, and the halogen is preferably Cl (chlorine) and Br (bromine); the second organosilicon quaternary ammonium antibacterial component is dimethyl alkyl [3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl] ammonium halide containing C18-C30 carbon chains, and the halogen is preferably F (fluorine), Cl (chlorine) and I (iodine); the third synergistic component is selected from a group comprising tea polyphenol, aloe and chitosan or a group comprising composition of polyphenol, aloe and chitosan. The antibacterial agent has broad-spectrum antibacterial performance, lasts long, is poisonless, has no irritation to the skin, is especially applicable to sensitive parts of the skin and is a good choice in daily life, wound treatment and operation assistance.


Chapter One: Identifying and Setting Parameters Bernadette McNary-Zak and Rebecca Todd Peters Section One: Defining Undergraduate Research in Religious Studies Chapter Two: Contributing to the Discipline Rebecca Todd Peters and Bernadette McNary-Zak Chapter Three: Serving as Mentors and Collaborators Lynn Huber and John Lanci Chapter Four: Helping Undergraduates Think About Method Robin Rinehart Section Two: Modeling Undergraduate Research in Religious Studies Chapter Five: Exploring Archival Material Paul Myhre Chapter Six: Reading Religion and Culture Carolyn M. Jones Chapter Seven: Sending Students Into the Field Jeffrey M. Brackett Chapter Eight: Historically Speaking David Ratke Chapter Nine: Working with Texts Lynn Huber and Robin Rinehart Section Three: Improving Quality in Undergraduate Research in Religious Studies Chapter Ten: Training the Undergraduate Scholar Nadia Lahutsky Chapter Eleven: Promoting Institutional Support Mark Gstohl Chapter Twelve: Equipping a Student with Experience, Skills, and Self-Reliance Ann Marie Chilton Appendix: Sample Forms Bibliography


This article focuses on the nature and strength of the relationship between political parties and the state. Expanding on the analytical framework we developed earlier (van Biezen and Kopecký, 2007), we identify three different dimensions of the party–state linkage: the dependence of parties on the state, the management of parties by the state, and the capture of the state by parties. We provide an updated cross-national empirical analysis of the relationship between political parties and the state in contemporary European democracies, building on two recently developed datasets on party regulation and party patronage. Our analysis underscores the considerable importance of the state for political parties in general, but also highlights important differences between the older democracies, and the more recently established democracies that emerged in the third wave of democratization. We show that the different dimensions of the party–state linkage do not necessarily work in the same direction, which suggests that the assumption of a close relationship between parties and the state ultimately undermining the democratic legitimacy of political parties requires some qualification.


The modeling of convective flows with 3D lattice Boltzmann fluid dynamics is presented using a lattice BGK approach for low Mach number flows with variable density combined with a large eddy turbulence model. The ability to resolve non - Boussinesq density varying problems is depicted for two dimensional Rayleigh - Benard - convection at a Rayleigh number


Presentation given at the Association of North Carolina Health and Science Libraries (ANCHASL) 2011 Fall Meeting.

Michael Crumpton (2011). Assessment Data for Making Those Space Decisions. ANCHASL Fall 2011 Meeting. PowerPoint presentation slides.


Due to a rising number of wireless devices with the advent of the internet of things (IOT), there is a huge demand for radio spectrum. Numerous techniques were developed to use the limited radio spectrum efficiently, such as multiplexing and multiple access techniques. However, these techniques do not provide statistical information about utilization efficiency and spatiotemporal usage of vacant bands. In the recent past, cognitive radio technology has emerged as a favourable technology that can provide vacant band information temporally, which is useful to utilize the radio spectrum more efficiently. The crucial unit that can provide vacant band information is the spectrum sensing unit. Quite a few signal processing algorithms have been implemented and reported for single-band and multi-band sensing. However, very few works are reported on real-time implementation of multi-band detection using reconfigurable hardware such as SoC/FPGA. Hence, this paper presents System-on-Chip (SoC) implementation of single-band and dual-band sensing using an energy detection algorithm. The rationale for considering PYNQ SoC is due to its advanced features that are essential for the evolution of cognitive radio technology. The resource utilization and power required for the proposed prototypes are estimated and compared with the prior works. The results reveal that the performance of the developed prototype is in good agreement with the simulation results based on Monte-Carlo methods of 1000 iterations.


Introduction : Helicobacter pylori infection and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are two independent risks factors mostly involved in the etio-pathogenesis of gastrointestinal mucosal damage. A possible interaction between them, influencing the magnitude of the chronic antral gastritis, is controversial. Objective : to estimate histopathological aspects of chronic antral gastritis due to Helicobacter pylori , either in association or not with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs consumption. Method : a case-control study in which the universe was conformed by 282 patients on whom an endoscopic antral biopsy was performed. It took place at Vladimir I. Lenin Hospital, from February 2008 to February 2009. Ninety one patients with histological diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori chronic antral gastritis constituted the sample of the study, 32 of them were non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs users (study group), and 59 were not (controls). Results : although 81.25 % in the study group had chronic active gastritis, this was prevalent in controls (Z=2.085; p 0,05). Conclusions : the prevalence of the activity and moderate to severe inflammation in antral chronic gastritis due to Helicobacter pylori in non-consumers of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs might be hypothetically attributed to both the anti-inflammatory action as well as a protective effect of the gastric mucosa exerted by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in patients taking these drugs. The colonization density does not appear to be significantly influenced by these drugs. Keywords : chronic antral gastritis, Helicobacter pylori , non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs


INTRODUCTION
Invasive fungal disease (IFD) is a severe complication occurring mostly in haematooncological (H-O) patients and hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) receptors. Our aim was to describe the IFD occurring in our H-O and HSCT patients according to the EORTC/MSG revised criteria.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
IFD surveillance was performed in adult patients of the Hospital Clínico Universidad Catolica, Santiago, Chile, from January 2004 to January 2008.

RESULTS
A total of 41 IFD episodes were identified in 39 patients; mean age was 46.6 +/- 9.9 years, and 87.8% and 12.2% occurred in H-O and HCTS patients respectively. 15/41(36.6%) episodes were proven, 36.6% probable and 11/41 (26.8%) possible. In 26 (63.4%) episodes aspergillosis was diagnosed (20 pulmonary, 3 sinus, 1 laryngeal and 1 case with pulmonary and cerebral involvement). In 7 patients (17.1%) candidiasis was diagnosed, 5 with a proven bloodstream infection and 2 with possible hepatosplenic candidiasis; mucormyeosis was diagnosed in 4 (9.8%) Fusarium infection was demonstrated in 2 patients (4.9%), and Mucor and Aspergillus pulmonary coinfection and Alternaria sp rhino-sinusitis in one patient each. The frequency of IFD among febrile neutropenic patients was 26.2% and 6.4% in H-O and HSCT receptors respectively. The overall mortality was 36%.

CONCLUSIONS
Aspergillosis is the most common IFD infection among H-O patients and HSCT receptors in our center. Candidiasis followed although only in H-O patients most probably because of routine use of antifungal prophylaxis in HSCT recipients. Continuous surveillance is required to develop local guidelines and to evaluate antifungal strategies in different clinical scenarios.


Data dissemination protocols suffer a critical drop in performance due to the topology changes and dynamic behavior of vehicular scenarios, which leads to increases in overhead rate, delivery delay and packet losses. Aiming at develop a protocol easily adaptable to dynamic vehicular scenarios, we propose TODD - an adaptive Traffic-Oriented Data Dissemination protocol. It leverages real-time traffic information to dynamically choose the best relay vehicles. This process is done by analyzing a metric calculated for each candidate vehicle, which may give preference to specific vehicle characteristics such as speed and distance to destination, based on the current traffic information. Besides that, a centralized version of TODD (CTODD) is proposed in order to deal with the lack of real-time traffic information stored in the vehicles. Simulation results show that both protocols can deliver up to 55% more packets with up to 85% less overhead than other important protocols from literature.


: With the rapid development of cloud storage and quantum computing, ensuring the integrity of outsourced data for data owners has become a serious concern. To address this problem, existing protocols for auditing cloud storage are usually based on post-quantum cryptographies to check data integrity. Nevertheless, these protocols employ heavy cryptographic operations to construct the data tags, making their efficiency low and extensibility poor. In this paper, we take a new perspective and explore the possibility of designing Secure Cloud Storage (SCS) protocols based on the Ring Learning with Errors (RLWE) problem. Instead of matrix variables, our protocol only utilizes vector variables to generate data block tags so that it has a much lower computational complexity. We then give strict security proof of cheating resistance against the malicious cloud and privacy guarantee against the curious third-party auditor. We also extend the proposed protocol to support data dynamics and batch auditing for more application scenarios. As a further contribution, we summarize a systematic framework for designing lattice-based SCS protocols. Finally, exhaustive performance analysis and comparison are provided to verify that the proposed protocol outperforms the existing lattice-based SCS protocols in terms of both operational efficiency and functional extensibility.


This paper examines the in-built message modality of Republican Party campaign yard signage in the 2016 U.S. Presidential race, and argues for a 'reading' in which known and unknown contender biographical details and idiolectal patterns form a key component in analyses using material ethnography. Examining the grammar of visuality in which typographic choice, toponymic-allusion, punctuational detail, as well as onomastics and embedded speech acts emerge ripe in literal and metaphoric meaning, the paper demonstrates how acts of intertextual chaining of political history and candidate biography re-affirm the need for interpretive frameworks which are dynamic – not static – and which are simultaneously incorporative of exophoric text-context accounts of witnessed signage. The in-built potential of campaign yard signage in triggering contagious and conspicuous acts of affective stance-taking particularly in neighborhoods of geospatial contiguity are examined both for how they fit into LL research, as well as for how they prod further innovation in its interdisciplinary-inspired and evolving frameworks of analysis.


This paper estimates production functions for patents, treated as a measure of invention. Inputs are firm R&D and knowledge flows from a firm's inventions and scientific discoveries, from inventions and discoveries of other firms, and from scientific discoveries in universities. The largest impact on new patents derives from invention-based knowledge flows. But science-based flows also play a role for highly cited, high impact patents. Knowledge flows from other firms' patents are more important than flows from inside the firm. Industry flows outweigh university flows. We also compare production functions for patents and scientific papers. Even more than patents, papers depend on knowledge outside the firm. In contrast with patents, knowledge flows from universities dominate industry flows. The results suggest that inventions are determined by a sequence of research. Later on knowledge flows narrow down to industry, whereas university research is more important in the early stages. Even so, science plays an appreciable role in patents, especially high impact patents.


This paper proposes the defect detection method for automatic inspection machines in printed circuit boards (PCBs) manufacturing system. The defects of PCB such as open, short, pin hole and scratch can be detected by comparing the standard image and the target image. The standard image is obtained f...


Globally, the safety of vegetables for consumption is becoming an increasing concern to consumers because of the risk associated with eating of vegetables contaminated with heavy metals and microbial organisms. An assessment of the extent of microbial contamination and also levels of heavy metals and the risk associated with the consumption of the vegetables irrigated with polluted Goo reservoir water in the Navrongo municipality was carried out. Site A used the channel flooding irrigation method whilst site B used watering cans for watering during the latter part of the dry season when the pressure of the water is low. A total of 128 vegetables samples were taken for microbial and heavy metals determination each. Samples of leafy vegetable and fruit vegetables were randomly taken from the two sites for microbial and heavy metal analysis. The reservoir was divided to North, South, East and West and water samples taken from each location. The Original Research Article Abalori and Weobong; JAERI, 21(10): 11-24, 2020; Article no.JAERI.63570 12 concentrations of heavy metals in the reservoir exceeded the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) recommended levels of metals in water for irrigation. Site B recorded the highest microbial counts likewise heavy metal contaminants in the sampled vegetables. Levels of cadmium in the vegetables exceeded the World Health Organization/FAO permissible levels. Copper (Cu) had the highest concentration in both sites. Faecal Coliform (FC) levels in the vegetables were above the International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for Food (ICMSF) allowable limits. The high quantities of Total Coliform, Faecal Coliform, E. coli, helminthes eggs and salmonella contamination of the vegetables indicate high risk of getting diseases through the consumption of these vegetables. The hazard quotient of all the metals exceeded one in both sites except Zinc (Zn). The hazard index (HI) of heavy metals studied was above one in both sites, indicating they could have adverse health effect to human life. The analysis showed there was significant difference in microbial counts and levels of heavy metals in the vegetables in the two different sites. The consumers of these vegetables were at risk of contracting water-borne diseases like typhoid fever, cholera among others and also a high risk of heavy metal poisoning especially from cadmium.


The erosion of lunar soil by rocket exhaust plumes is investigated experimentally. This has identified the diffusion-driven flow in the bulk of the sand as an important but previously unrecognized mechanism for erosion dynamics. It has also shown that slow regime cratering is governed by the recirculation of sand in the widening geometry of the crater. Scaling relationships and erosion mechanisms have been characterized in detail for the slow regime. The diffusion-driven flow occurs in both slow and fast regime cratering. Because diffusion-driven flow had been omitted from the lunar erosion theory and from the pressure cratering theory of the Apollo and Viking era, those theories cannot be entirely correct.


The present studies entitled "Effect of inorganic fertilizers and biofertilizers on growth and root yield of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) cultivar 'Safed Mooli– 2' under Punjab condition" was carried out at Agriculture Research Farm, LPU, Phagwara, Punjab in the year 2018-19 using Randomized Block Design. The objectives of this research were to find out the effect of inorganic fertilizer, biofertilizer and their interactions on growth and yield of radish.


ReadUntil enables Oxford Nanopore Technology's (ONT) sequencers to selectively sequence reads of target species in real-time. This enables efficient microbial enrichment for applications such as microbial abundance estimation and is particularly beneficial for metagenomic samples with a very high fraction of non-target reads (> 99% can be human reads). However, read-until requires a fast and accurate software filter that analyzes a short prefix of a read and determines if it belongs to a microbe of interest (target) or not. The baseline Read Until pipeline uses a deep neural network-based basecaller called Guppy and is slow and inaccurate for this task (∼60% of bases sequenced are unclassified). We present RawMap, an efficient CPU-only microbial species-agnostic Read Until classifier for filtering non-target human reads in the squiggle space. RawMap uses a Support Vector Machine (SVM), which is trained to distinguish human from microbe using non-linear and non-stationary characteristics of ONT's squiggle output (continuous electrical signals). Compared to the baseline Read Until pipeline, RawMap is a 1327X faster classifier and significantly improves the sequencing time and cost, and compute time savings. We show that RawMap augmented pipelines reduce sequencing time and cost by ∼24% and computing cost by ∼22%. Additionally, since RawMap is agnostic to microbial species, it can also classify microbial species it is not trained on. We also discuss how RawMap may be used as an alternative to the RT-PCR test for viral load quantification of SARS-CoV-2. Availability and implementation Software is released with MIT License and available on GitHub: https://github.com/harisankarsadasivan/RawMap


Internet concepts intended in this study were to determine the use of technology in educational environments, such as internet of things, among university students, which is a longitudinal distance education course of university students continued through the platform during the pandemic, given that it will become an advantage for them concerning the objects of Internet technology. It is seen that many methods are used in the study. Periodically, the study was prepared by applying it in the fall semester of 2021–2022. A total of 488 volunteer university students who are continuing their education participated in the study. In the study, 3-week online education was provided to university students. In the study, the 'Internet of Things' measurement tool developed by the researchers and compiled by experts in the field was sent to the students. The data collection tool used in the study was delivered to the students participating in the study by online method and then collected. The analysis of data was carried out using SPSS programme, frequency analysis and t-test. The results obtained were added to the study accompanied by tables and comments. At the end of the study, it was concluded that the students participating in the study had a high use of internet of things technology in the educational environment.


In this paper we considered the image matching problem. The problem is solved in the framework of an area approach based on the comparison of image fragments in the neighborhood of the points being compared. We proposed a new criterion of image fragments similarity based on the principle of image fragments samples conformity. An important advantage of the method is the possibility of comparison of very small image fragments. However, computation of this criterion is very time-consuming. So, we proposed parallel algorithm of conforming image matching using MPI. We evaluated acceleration and efficiency of parallel algorithm. The results of experiments on the "Cones" test images show high accuracy of the method.


The conformational characteristics of abasic 1-deoxy sugars 1,2, and 3 and pentofuranose moieties in 2',3'- dideoxy-(ddA (6), ddG (7), ddC (S)), 2'-deoxy-(dA (9), dG (lo), dC (ll)), and ribo-@-D-nucleosides (Ade (12), Gua (13), Cyt (14)) were established through the analysis of vicinal proton-proton coupling constants extracted from their 500-MHz lH-NMR spectra recorded at 20 K intervals in the temperature range from 278 to 358 K in D20 solution. Two novel deuterated analogues of (S)-tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol (l), 2-(S)-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(R)-deuteriotetrahy- drofuran (4) and 2-(S)-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(S)-deuteriotetrahydrofuran (5), have enabled unequivocal assignment of the complex nine-spin system in its 'H-NMR spectrum. The van't Hoff plots of (In(&/&)) as a function of 1 / Tgave AH' and AS' values of pseudorotational equilibrium in pentofuranoses 1-3 and pentofuranose moieties in nucleosides 614. The values of AH' were dissected into various stereoelectronic effects (gauche versus anomeric effects) of exocyclic substituents on the pentofuranose moiety. Clearly, the gauche effect of the 04'-C4'-C3'-03' fragment drives the pseudorotational equilibrium to the S-type conformations, while the gauche effect of the 04'-Cl'-C2'-02' fragment pushes the pseudorotational equilibrium to the N. These gauche effects are the strongest factors responsible for driving the N e S pseudorotational equilibrium. The strength of the gauche effect of the 04'-C4'-C3'-03' fragment in abasic sugars 1-3 is further tuned by the presence of a heterocyclic base at C1' in nucleosides 6-14. The relatively weaker anomeric effect of the heterocyclic base drives the N e S equilibrium to the N. The assessment of the relative strengths of the anomeric effects in 2',3'-dideoxy, 2'-deoxy-, and ribo-@-D-nucleosides has shown that the anomeric effect of the cytosine base is stronger than the anomeric effect of the adenine or guanine base. The experimental data suggest that the anomeric effect is considerably reduced as 04' experiences the electron-withdrawing effect(s) of 2'(3')-hydroxyls. The differences in the conformational preferences found in purine and pyrimidine ribonucleosides were additionally attributed to the distinct relative strength of the gauche effect of the N-C1'-C2'-02' fragment. The preference for the gauche orientation of the N-C1'-C2'-02' fragment and therefore S-type sugar conformation is affected by the nature of the purine or pyrimidine glycosyl nitrogen atom.


Materials with time-varying permittivity are an emerging research area in the electromagnetics and optics communities. From Maxwell's equations, the electric displacement (D) must be continuous in the time domain. However, this requirement is not satisfied for some conventional time domain solvers, which were developed for time-invariant simulations. Here we briefly review several commercial and open-source software packages. Some of them employ a so-called time-static simplification, which works well for time-invariant materials but will fail for time-varying materials.


What Happens Next?: Rocket-balloon launch: helium versus air David Featonby and Zuzana Jeskova Insights and Conundrums: Concerning the conservation of energy Rick Marshall


Purpose To study the relationship between volumetric capnography (VCAP) and arterial CO 2 partial pressure (PCO 2 ) during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and to analyze the ability of these parameters to predict the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in a pediatric animal model of asphyxial cardiac arrest (CA). Methods Secondary analysis of a randomized study. Asphyxial CA was induced by muscle relaxation and extubation. CPR was started two minutes after CA occurred. Airway management was performed with early endotracheal intubation or bag-mask ventilation, according to randomization group. CPR was continued until ROSC or 24 minutes of resuscitation. End-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO 2 ), CO 2 production (VCO 2 ), and EtCO 2 /VCO 2 /kg ratio were continuously recorded.


Physical faults include bridging faults, break (open) faults, transistor stuck-on and transistor stuck-off. Compared to traditional gate-level stuck-at faults, physical faults more closely represent realistic faults appearing at the gate level and transistor level. Analytical modelling for such faults, used for design and testability, is still a new and emerging area. Undetectable bridging faults belong to hard to detect faults class and can invalidate several sets of tests designed for classical stuck-at faults. This work defines an analytical characterization for undetectable bridging faults using discrete analysis mathematical approach.


This work investigated the full design,
startup, operation, and
control of a Kaibel divided-wall column (KDWC) for a laboratory-scale
KDWC. The KDWC is designed to separate mixtures of methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, and n-butanol on the basis
of a rigorous model. Effective steady-state and dynamic operation
strategies are then proposed to control the practical operation of
the KDWC. The proposed startup operation strategy, including total
reflux, batch rectification, and continuous rectification procedures,
leads to a steady state, and the steady-state design method is verified
through steady-state experiments. The dynamic control strategy including
a four-temperature control loop is further proposed and shows effective
and precise dynamic control performance, recovering the four products
to the specified values in the presence of ±20% feed disturbances.
This work provides deep insight into the realization and control of
a practical KDWC and will increase the possibility of industrial achievement
and optimal operation of the KDWC.


A new ring-like VO2 (M) was successfully synthesized for the first time by a template-free hydrothermal method, and the formation mechanism of the ring-like structure through aggregation of nanocrystals around the bubbles was proposed. Furthermore, the crystal transition temperature of ring-like VO2 (M) exhibits a more distinct size effect compared to nanoparticles. The results here point to the importance of carefully controlling the morphology of VO2 (M) to tune the crystal transition.


Models of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) posit that appraisals of intrusive thoughts as highly personally meaningful drive the performance of compulsions and rituals to alleviate the anxiety associated with these thoughts. Recently, catastrophic and dysfunctional appraisals of cravings have been hypothesized to drive smoking behaviors in smokers currently engaged in a cessation effort (Nosen & Woody, 2009). Indeed, certain anxiety-related factors such as anxiety sensitivity (AS) and misappraisals of cravings have been found to predict relapse (Assayag, Bernstein, Zvolenksy, Steeves, & Stewart, 2012; Johnson, Stewart, Steeves, & Zvolensky, 2012; Nosen & Woody, 2009). However, the differences between current and former smokers with regards to AS and craving appraisals have yet to be examined. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the metacognitive differences between current and former smokers. Ninety current and former (recent quitters and long-term quitters) smokers completed measures of dysfunctional metacognitions, craving appraisals, obsessive-compulsive smoking behaviors, anxiety sensitivity, and negative affect. Current smokers scored higher than long-term quitters on many of these constructs, while mixed results were observed for the differences between recent quitters and current smokers, and recent quitters and long-term quitters. Negative affect was found to account for many of these differences, but did not account for the differences between current smokers and recent quitters, and between current smokers and long-term quitters, with regards to obsessive-compulsive smoking. The differences between recent quitters and long-term quitters on beliefs about responsibility for harm and perfectionism/intolerance of uncertainty also remained significant after controlling for negative affect. METACOGNITIONS IN CURRENT AND FORMER SMOKERS 3


This was a preliminary study that aimed to describe the reproductive performance of buffalo in South Sulawesi. The study was conducted in three different districts; Tana Toraja (R1), Enrekang (R2), and Wajo (R3). The number of buffalo involved in the present study was 147, 149, and 152 in R1, R2, and R3, respectively. Primary data were collected with the help of a questionnaire in interviewing the farmers and secondary data was obtained from livestock services in each region. The results of this study showed that the age at first buffalo heifers calved was >3.5 years; 91.9%, 71.9%, and 54.2% in R1, R2, and R3, respectively. The remaining buffalo heifers were calving ≤3.5 years of age. Days to first breeding after calving differed significantly (P 12 months was significantly (P<0.05) higher in R2 in comparison to R1 and R3 (41.0% vs 20.9% and 19.5%). Moreover, calving interval within 18 months differed significantly (P<0.05) at different districts. In the region of R3, the number of buffalo with calving interval within 18 months was 56.3%; significantly (P<0.05) higher than in R1 and R2; 47.5% and 44.6%, respectively. In conclusion, reproductive performance of buffalo in South Sulawesi based on primary data collected from the farmers showed much better in the region of R3 in comparison to R1 and R2. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the reproductive performance in the two regions.


The mechanical properties of certain grades of wire at Wire Rod Mill (East) (WRM-E) were not matching within the desired limit even when the blowers inside the cellar ran on full load conditions. During preliminary study it was found that there was insufficient cooling of the wire rod. This led us to investigate air starvation within the cellar. A nonlinear mathematical correlation was developed based on Bernoulli's equation and the characteristic curve, i.e. Discharge vs the inlet area, for individual blower. It was observed that the air present inside the cellar was not sufficient to provide required outlet flow rate. It was concluded that the inlet area of cellar was not sufficient to fulfil necessary requirement of each blowers.


This monograph aims to give an approximation about the role of the precautionary principle in civil liability, by studying its origin and maturation process, the study focused on the two essential elements that make up this principle: the first Scientific uncertainty regarding the existence of a risk that could lead to serious and irreversible damage, and the second the obligation to take preventive measures in order to avoid the generation of possible damage. The emergence of this principle occurs in environmental matters, however, its application has been extended to other fields such as health, food safety, life, genetics and in general all aspects of technological advances Of the present time. The objective of this monograph is to establish the relationship between the precautionary principle and civil liability.


Fermi-level pinning (FLP) in full Metal/High-k/SiO2/Si stacks is investigated based on the improved electron state density (IESD) model. The SiO2 interlayer between the high-k layer and Si and the effects of the high-k/SiO2/Si interface on FLP are analyzed. The effective work function (EWF) is influenced by the density of states in high-k/SiO2/Si stacks with the exception of the effects of the electron state density in the metal gate. The IESD model provides physical insights and is a simple and convenient method to calculate the EWF of MOS devices with different types.


This article is written with the belief that psychotherapy can be enriched by the addition of ideas from anthropology and holistic health care. This paper introduces the psychotherapy of David Grove. The paper tries to re-emphasize the need for therapists, or healers of all kinds, to be aware of the language, therapeutic structure and experience of clients. Clients' experiences are more fully understood in the context of greater awareness of the inter-relationships of language, experience, belief, enculturation and communication. Such awareness is posited as being crucial to holistic practitioners. Holistic psychotherapy regards people as living in culture; human qualities as living in people; and seeks to create healing experiences for clients by studying communication between real people. The case for a phenomenological therapy is put forward.


The three phase cable connecting the inverter and PMSM may be unbalanced in some situation such as the deep drilling platform. This paper presents the mathematical model of PMSM with unbalanced cable resistance. The traditional PI current regulator cannot work well within the situation. The hysteresis band controller can operate well because it's independent of load parameters but the switching frequency may be very high to get good performance, which is not suitable. So a novel proportional integral resonant controller is proposed to eliminate the harmonic current caused by the asymmetry of the stator resistance. From the results of the experiment, the mentioned control strategy proves to be appropriate for PMSM with unbalanced cable resistance.


The quality of data is often defined as "fitness for use", i.e., the ability of a data collection to meet user requirements. The assessment of data quality dimensions should consider the degree to which data satisfy users' needs. User expectations are clearly related to the selected services and at the same time a service can have different characteristics depending on the type of user that accesses it. The data quality assessment process has to consider both aspects and, consequently, select a suitable evaluation function to obtain a correct interpretation of results. This paper proposes a model that ties the assessment phase to user requirements. Multichannel information systems are considered as an example to show the applicability of the proposed model.


The insurance sector in India is in growing stage and it has become a must for each individual to have his or her own insurance in order be ready with risk associated with life and property. Insurance functions on the concept of risk pooling, and also regardless of its small unit size and its activities at the level of single communities. In that micro insurance is playing a very important role. Micro insurance, the term used to refer to insurance to the low-income people. The emergence of micro insurance is not only to promote business activities but also, social development and protection to the poor people. From the research it has also been found that, out of the estimated four billion people world- wide, who live on less than $2 a day. Against this backdrop, the present paper explores various aspects of micro insurance. INTRODUCTION India is moving very fast from a protected economy to an open market economy and becoming integrated with the world economy. Liberalization, Privatization, globalization and computerization has brought unprecedented changes in the trade, industry, banking and insurance sectors. Insurance has come up as a very important financial service in most part of the world. The insurance is considered as one of the segment in an economy for its growth and development. This industry provides long-term funds that are essential for the development of basic infrastructure. Today, micro insurance has become an integral part of pov- erty eradication programs to strengthen both the develop- ment of the financial, health and social security systems. This is because development experts across the world have come to the agreement that the micro insurance is a potent tool for complementing micro credit in the fight against poverty by enabling poor households to pool risks, thereby, prevent- ing them from falling deeper into the poverty trap at the occurrence of unforeseeable shocks. The occurrence of any emergency or risk has the tendency to easily erode the hard earned incomes of poor households. This is specially the case when the households have no formal cover over them. Micro insurance plays very important role like any effective risk management instrument and serves as a shock reliever to major risks and ensure that the household involved can con- tinue on their route to escaping poverty. The importance of micro insurance, therefore, is to serve as a safe net, with the ability of ensuring that the poor household posses the ability to deal with a named risk and in addition ensure that these households are prevented from becoming poorer after the occurrence of a risk or an emergency. Micro insurance in sum- mary has the ability to help boost the stability of the poor. The present study is an attempt to analyse, whether people have a positive or negative impression of micro insurance, what they mean when they characterize micro insurance. The study is also relevant from the point of analysing the aware- ness on micro insurance and its contribution towards risk cov- erage and savings of future investment.


The problem of minimizing the total weighted completed time on single batch processing machine is studied.For the case of all jobs with constant processing time,corresponding to the case when there are only a constant number of job release times and the general released case,we provide two optimal algorithms and analysis their algorithm complexity.


The aim of the present investigation was to develop the controlled release formulations, namely transdermal delivery. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is an orally administered drug with neuroprotective and immunomodulatory activities. It has potential uses in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease.  Matrix type transdermal drug delivery system was designed using PMMA and ethyl cellulose. Permeability enhancers namely dimethyl sulphoxide in different concentrations was used for enhancing the drug permeability through the skin (or stratum corneum). The film obtained was characterized by being transparent, homogeneous and flexible.  Thirteen formulations were prepared and performed for integrity in vitro and In vivo drug release studies and observed the effect of permeation enhancer on rat skin. Among 13 formulations,  DMF-11 were selected based  on in vitro and in vivo drug release studies, The release studies indicated that about 76.5% of the cumulative amount of drug was released in 24 hours The most effective penetration enhancer was shown to be 10% DMSO. The amounts of drug delivered suggest that DMF is a potential candidate for transdermal drug delivery.


Taking 140 sediment samples from 7 river cross sections in the middle and upper reaches of Xiangjiang River from 2000-2009,this paper studies the pollution of 8 heavy metals of Cu,Zn,Mn,As,Hg,Cd,Cr and Pb in these samples and assesses its latent ecological hazard tendency.The results show that the major heavy metal pollution factors are Hg,Cd and As and the pollution is concentrated on the upper reaches.In the past years,the heavy metal pollution and its latent ecological hazard have gradually shifted to the lower reaches,for 3 cross sections in the upper reaches show the declining tendency while 3 cross sections in the lower reaches indicate the escalation.


: [Purpose] The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between the forward displacement of the center of pressure (COP), and the weight-bearing capacity of the paretic lower extremity during sit-to-stand, and the spasticity of patients with stroke. [Subjects] Fourteen patients who were hemiplegic due to stroke participated in this study. [Methods] A foot pressure sensor was used to measure the displacement of COP and the weight bearing ratio in the paretic lower extremity during sit-to-stand movement. The spasticity of the paretic plantar flexor muscle was evaluated using the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS). [Results] The forward displacement of COP showed a significant relationship with the weight-bearing ratio (rs = –0.60) and the MAS (rs = 0.65). [Conclusions] Our results suggest that the forward displacement of COP is caused by excessive activation of the paretic plantar flexor muscle, which results in disturbance of weight bearing by the paretic limb.


With iterative decoding, most LDPC codes have a weakness known as error floor. In this work, we propose a fixed bits LDPC decoding scheme to improve the ability of LDPC transmission. The method is universal as it can be applied to any code/channel model/decoding algorithm and it improves performance greatly, without losing the code regularity, without changing the decoding algorithm. Simulation results show that the error floor performance also can be significantly improved with this decoding scheme.


We consider a problem of simultaneous reduction of a sequence of matrices by means of orthogonal transformations. We show that such reduction can be performed by a series of the deflation steps. At each deflation step a simultaneous eigenvalue problem, which is a direct generalization of the generalized eigenvalue problem, is solved. A fast variant of Gauss-Newton algorithm for its solution was proposed and the local convergence properties were investigated. We illustrate the effectiveness of our algorithm by some numerical examples.


We construct a simple model of monetary exchange where, as in Lagos and Wright (2004), trades take place in both centralized and decentralized markets. However, in constrast to Lagos and Wright, we allow for general preferences and introduce nonconvexities (indivisiblities) and sunspots. In the centralized market, agents can trade statecontingent commodities. We show that nonconvexities and sunspots make the model tractable by reducing the heterogeneity generated by the randomness of the trading process in the decentralized market. We show that the allocations in the centralized and decentralized markets are determined independently. In particular, the unemployment rate in the centralized market is indenpendent of inflation. While the allocation in the centralized market is efficient, the allocation in the decentralized market is in general inefficient.


OF THE THESIS ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS OF POLAR HERBICIDES IN COMPLEX ORGANIC-RICH MATRICES BY HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE IONIZATION MASS SPECTROMETRY (HPLC-API-MS) by


The idea of establishment of harmonious society advanced by the Fourth Plenary Session of the Sixteenth Central Committee of the Party makes new demands for a new round of finance and faxation reform,coordinating economy with social development,increasing investment in such public fields as education,public health and technology,coordinating urban as well as rural development demands,coordinating district development demand,coordinating harmonious development between man and nature so as to set up a harmonious society in near future in China.


1. The oxidation velocity of stannous chloride in hydrochloric acid with air was studied. When the concentration of hydrochloric acid is smaller than about 0.25 normal, the reaction seems to be between first and zero order. When the concentration of hydrochloric acid is greater than about 0.25 normal, the velocity is independent of the concentration of stannous chloride. 2. The effect of temperature is small. 3. The dissolution velocity of oxygen into hydrochloric acid of various concentrations was obtained indirectly.


Summary Intraperitoneal and intravenous LD50 values of 12 strains of staphylococci, grouped according to free coagulase and the so-called clumping factor or bound coagulase, indicate that mouse virulence of S. aureus is influenced less by route of injection than by nature of the organisms injected. Mucin markedly enhanced mouse virulence for intraperitoneally injected coagulase positive, clumping factor negative staphylococci but not that of other strains. Neither free nor bound coagulase per se appeared to be a critical factor of virulence for mice.


Objective To search for the normal criteria for infant cognition in Shenyang, Tieling, Jinzhou of Liaoning. Methods 736 infants who were under 1 year in Shenyang, Tieling, Jinzhou of Liaoning underwent Fagan test (FTII). Results If the mean development index was x ≥ 54.6, cognition developed well; If 50.3 x 54.6 ,retarded cognition was suspected; If x ≤50.3, retarded cognition was at high risk, and retest at a later age was needed. Conclusion The definition of normal criteria has offered a theory basis for developing FTII as well as a valid psychometric tool to assess the intelligence of infants, specially those at high-risk of mental retardation and living in iodine deficiency areas.


Literature abounds with genre analysis studies on different sections of Research Articles in various languages and fields; however, scant attention has been given to Persian articles. Hence, this genre-based study analyzed the rhetorical move structure of conclusion sectionsin three different disciplines: applied linguistics, psychology, and Persian literature. A corpus with 30 articles from leading international and Persian journals was devised. This corpus was analyzed for the move structure based on Yang and Allison's (2003) framework. After analyzing each article, the major moves were extracted and the frequencies were calculated and compared. Although the cross-disciplinary and cross‐linguistic analyses unfolded significant variation regarding Move 2, they revealed no marked differences in conclusion sections of the articles on psychology and applied linguistics. However, Persian literature articles displayed more variation, which, in turn, may suggest that in the Parisian articles, writers follow a standard of their own for writing conclusion sections. The study has pedagogical implications for academic writing courses.


Photoelectrochemical (PEC) systems have been researched for decades due to their great promise to convert sunlight to fuels. The majority of the research on PEC has been using light to split water to hydrogen and oxygen, and its performance is limited by the need of additional bias. Another research direction on PEC using light, is to decompose organic materials while producing electricity. In this work, the authors report a new type of unassisted PEC system that uses light, water and oxygen to simultaneously produce electricity and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on both the photoanode and cathode, which is essentially a light‐driven fuel cell with H2O2 as the main product at the two electrodes, meanwhile achieving a maximum power density of 0.194 mW cm‐2, an open circuit voltage of 0.61 V, and a short circuit current density of 1.09 mA cm‐2. The electricity output can be further used as a sign for cell function when accompanied by a detector such as a light‐emitting diode (LED) light or a multimeter. This is the first work that shows H2O2 two‐side generation with a strict key factors study of the system, with a clear demonstration of electricity output ability using low‐cost earth abundant materials on both sides, which represents an exciting new direction for PEC systems.


Qian Hao, Hua Lu, and Xiang Zhou* 1 Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China 2 Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China 3 Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA 4 Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China 5 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China * Correspondence to: Xiang Zhou, E-mail: email@example.com


In order to rationally coordinate inconsistent objectives in transport network design, this research newly develops a multi-objective network layout optimisation model solved by an improved Simulated Annealing Algorithm (SAA). Two temperature control variables and one cost difference control variable are defined in the proposed SAA. They work in cooperation to restart the optimum search from the latest temporary optimal solution if the search is made excessively in any searching direction as well as expand the searching area for the globally optimal network layout with the minimum operation cost. The genetic algorithm is embedded into the reversible SAA to iteratively provide a network configuration with the minimum total time expense of all the transports for the minimisation of the network operation cost. It is confirmed that the new optimisation model solved by the reversible SAA integrating the genetic algorithm is able to effectively minimise both the total transport time expense and the network operation cost with searching for the best fits between these two basically inconsistent objectives from different perspectives. The proposed approach can be utilised to optimise configurations of not only urban transit lines for passenger mobility organisation but also logistics transportation routes for manufacturing production management. © 2018 CPE, University of Maribor. All rights reserved.


Nine species of patellogastropod limpets belonging to three families and four genera and two additional undescribed species are distributed in West Java, Indonesia. We formally name these two Patelloida species herein, based on shell and anatomical characters.


For the existing 3G technology could not meet the broad-bard demand of the next-generation mobile communication system,3GPP starts the research on next-generation mobile communication system--LTE,and meanwhile China also begin the evolution from TD-SCDMA to LTE TDD.The power control could reduce the transmitting power as much as possible and raise the working time of the charging mobile phone without any influence on the quality of communication.Based on study of the uplink power control algorithm of LTE FDD,this paper gives an improved uplink power control algorithm.Simulation on this proposed algorithm applied in TD-LTE system indicates its feasibility and correctness.


Phonemic models of spoken language are incapable of accommodating the patterns of pronunciation variation observed in spontaneous speech (as exemplified by a corpus of American English telephone dialogues, a.k.a. SWITCHBOARD). Variation in pronunciation with respect to segmental identity and duration can be accounted for in terms of a juncture-accent model, in which position of the segment within the syllable (i.e., onset, nucleus, coda), in tandem with knowledge of the associated stress-accent pattern, is used to interpret the inherently ambiguous phonetic information contained in the acoustic signal. Many properties of pronunciation variation can be accounted for in terms of such a model, including: (1) the prevalence of coda deletion, (2) the mutability of vocalic identity and (3) the relative stability of syllable onsets. The melding of phonetic and prosodic features within the syllable provides for efficient and reliable linguistic information coding.


his article is devoted to analysis the theme of the "scholar's study" in Netherland XVII century painting. The reason for the rise of this theme is closely related to the great development of science and navigation in the XVII century in Netherland. Under the economic development, the tradition of collecting prevails among scholars. People admire knowledge and work on scientific inquiry. The author analyzes Gerrit Dou's self-portrait The Artist's studio and the symbolic meanings of objects in the painting. The author states that his self-portrait portrays himself as a scholar, reflecting the social ethos of worshiping knowledge. The specificity of his work, the themes of the scholar's study, the influence of science, religion, philosophy on the painting of Gerrit Dou, the symbolic meanings of objects surrounding the scientist are considered. Jan van der Hayden's paintings Still Life with a Globe, Books, Sculpture and Other Objects reflect the wide-ranging style of the collection at that time, reflecting both the worship of religion and the abundance of Netherland foreign products under the background of the great geographical discovery in the XVII century. During this period, establishment of Netherland universities and advent of the maritime age encouraged a thriving cartography producing. A large number of globes and scientific tools appeared in the paintings. They not only have religious meaning, but also show the progress of the new era. Audience can get a glimpse of the characteristics of a typical Netherland scholar's collection from his paintings. The purpose of this article is to analyze the scientific progress, social development of the Netherlands. This allows you to take a fresh look at the assessment of creativity on the theme of the scholar's study. To fulfill that purpose, need to complete following tasks: to characterize the specifics of paintings in the themes of the scholar's study, to reveal the symbolism in the paintings The Artist's studio by Gerrit Dou, Still Life with a Globe, Books, Sculpture and Other Objects and A Corner of a Room with Curiosities by Jan van der Hayden, to show the close connection between the development of science in the 17th century and the topic of the scientist's office. The author concludes that the theme of the "scholar's study" in Netherland XVII century paintings reflect the collection characteristics and aesthetics in the XVII century.


Spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage, which is classified into intraparenchymal and intraventricular hemorrhage, are caused by hypertension or abnormal vessels, such as arteriovenous malformations and Moyamoya disease. Various types of surgical treatment are performed on patients with spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage. However, how surgical interventions contribute to disease prognosis remains unknown to date. The minimally invasive catheter evacuation followed by thrombolysis(MISTIE)III trial, which was a multicenter phase III trial, demonstrated that a greater hematoma reduction was associated with a more favorable prognosis, indicating that minimally invasive techniques performed during the acute phase may be useful for the successful treatment of intracranial hemorrhages. Neuroendoscopic surgery, which is also a minimally invasive technique, was recently developed. Surgical candidates for neuroendoscopic surgery at our institution are defined as patients having putaminal hemorrhage with a hematoma of more than 30 ml, an intraventricular hematoma with a mass effect, and thalamic hemorrhage causing hydrocephalus, in accordance with the operative criteria of the guidelines of The Japan Stroke Society. Regarding the neuroendoscope, a 2.7‒mm or 4‒mm rigid scope with a high‒definition or 4K camera, together with a flexible scope(fiber or video scope), is used. As a brain retractor, a transparent sheath (Neuroport)is used. For hard hematomas, which are usually detected in patients being treated with anticoagulants or who are receiving dialysis, a large tubular retractor(ViewSite)is used. Furthermore, an important surgical instrument is irrigation suction with a cauterization terminal for monopolar coagulation. For hemostasis, oxidized cellulose with fibrin glue, or the recently developed flowable hemostatic matrix with thrombin are useful. In the wet field, complete hemostasis is possible, and the hematoma cavity and ventricle can be washed using artificial cerebrospinal fluid. For hematomas in the third ventricle or in the posterior part of the lateral ventricle, aspiration using a flexible scope is effective, and third ventriculostomy may also be performed for obstructive hydrocephalus. Our cases of intraventricular hemorrhage indicated that the outcomes of patients with caudate hemorrhage tended to be better than those with thalamic hemorrhage. In cases of bleeding from an abnormal blood vessel, endoscopic surgery should be performed carefully after confirming hemostasis. In the future, more detailed outcome evaluations regarding the higher brain functions of patients, the standardization of operations, development of a flexible scope, and new techniques to stop bleeding from abnormal vessels, such as endoscopic neck clipping in the wet field, are expected to be performed. (Received August 28, 2020;accepted October 7, 2020)


In these years, there are dramatic development in the fake news detection field. The spread of fake news influences people's daily life, reduces the value of real news, and sometimes blemishes people's images. This phenomenon has raised our attention, so we are interested in making some effort to reduce the negative impact of it. We focus on the point that whether the users will spread the news if all the news is read by the users (from the causal inference aspect). We use negative sampling to avoid the problem that there is only positive feedback in the real-world dataset. Then we compare IPS, MF, NCF and BPR to discover the best to help us to solve this question.


This article manages Darcy-Forchheimer 3D flow of water based carbon nanomaterial (CNTs). A bidirectional nonlinear stretchable surface has been utilized to make the flow. Disturbance in permeable space has been represented by Darcy Forchheimer (DF) expression. Heat transfer mechanism is explored through convective heating. Outcomes for SWCNT and MWCNT have been displayed and compared. The reduction of partial differential framework into nonlinear common differential framework is made through reasonable variables. Optimal series scheme is utilized for arrangements advancement of associated flow issue. Optimal homotopic solution expressions for velocities and temperature are studied through graphs by considering various estimations of physical variables. Moreover surface drag coefficients and heat transfer rate are analyzed through plots.


Sports organisations and the media have been intimately bound together since the making of the modern sporting world in Victorian times. The relationship between the media and the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) during the formative years of that association was heavily influenced by the nature of Irish politics and society in the 1880s. In many respects, the early development of the GAA was a triumph of propaganda. From its very first meeting, the GAA presented an image of itself as a democratic and nationalist association open to everyone. Many of the most important GAA officials worked as journalists and one even established his own newspaper. On top of that, almost every GAA county board and many GAA clubs used the press to further the GAA. This paper documents the importance of the press and of journalists in the early years of the GAA.


International Featured Standards (IFS Food) aims to establish a safety management system and ensure the quality of food production. This standard is of special importance to food producers and is often a prerequisite for cooperation with retailers. The aim of this paper is to present experiences in the implementation of IFS Food/Version 6 in the milling industry, with special emphasize on the features and characteristics of the standard. IFS Food was implemented by using the methods for the food quality and safety management system. An analysis of hazards and risk assessment was conducted upon which monitoring and measurement of processes that could influence food quality and safety have been made. The standard provides specific scoring of each application, depending on the degree of implementation and compliance. The result of implementing IFS Food in the milling industry is increased supervision of major and supporting processes and the development of an action plan with corrective actions for all requests that do not receive the highest score upon assessment. Consequently, the implementation of IFS Food provides improved control over the quality and safety of products, as well as of the entire production process, and helps meet the requirements of customers.


Today, technological advancement in production of radar images can be seen with high spatial resolution and also the availability of these images' significant growth in interpretation and processing of high-resolution radar images. The building extraction from urban areas is one of the most challenging applications in VHR SAR image, which is used to estimate the population and urban development. Detection of individual buildings in the urban context is highly considered by researchers due to complexity of interpreting radar images in these fields. On the other hand, one of the main issues in the complexity of the scatters received from buildings is change in direction of the building relative to the horizon, which is correlated with the look angle. Other influential parameters are geometric distortions, which include layover and shadow effects. In some cases, the effect of shadow is an auxiliary parameter in detection of these targets that increases accuracy of the detection. In this paper, we intend to extract the building from high spatial resolution SAR images using fuzzy fusion of two morphological indicators, SI and DI, which represent the shadow and bright area, respectively. Due to the effect of SAR imaging geometry on ground targets, different sizes and directions of structural elements were applied to the image. The use of indicators weights with different sizes is proposed in this work. The Detection Ratio of experiment of TerraSAR-X image has a result of 95.3%.


Liquid desiccant dehumidification represents a promising research avenue for HVAC applications. This research presents a case study exploring a novel membrane desiccant absorber that we have characterized extensively at the bench scale in previous work, and in this study we present the simulation to consider the feasibility of scaling up the system to building room scale in terms of pumping costs and air mass exchanger fan cost. As part of an ongoing research pilot building project in Singapore, the simulation examines scaling up the liquid desiccant system to match the loading observed in the solid desiccant wheel in a dedicated outdoor air supply (DOAS) unit in hot and humid Singapore conditions. The liquid desiccant dehumidification system is composed of a novel combination of hydrophilic alkoxylated siloxane liquid desiccant and nonporous, vapour permeable Pebax® membrane. Such a configuration allows cooling with off-coil dehumidification, reducing the need to "over-cool" beyond the dewpoint, saving 40.0% 61.6% in cooling energy. The corresponding liquid desiccant system would require a 66 x 66 tube array of shell-in-tube style minicontactors.


: Carrying out "Ideological and Political Education" in college English teaching plays an important role in developing students' learning attitudes, cultivating students' correct outlook toward values and world, and helping improve students' English practical ability. However, for colleges and universities, there are some problems for the "Ideological and Political Education" such as the negative attitude between teachers and students, the incomplete implementation, and the premature the system of evaluation. Then it is an important problem faced by colleges and universities in the process of deepening the teaching reform to innovatively develop "Ideological and Political Education" in college English teaching according to the actual situation. Finally, the author hope that discussion on the development path of "Ideological and Political Education" in College English teaching can give others the theoretical values and practical reference.


How the present invention is to obtain a glycoprotein without the galactose moiety comprising 5 to both arms (arm) and xylose and fucose because organisms have a complex type bi-antennary glycans by optimizing glycan processing (and in particular plants) relate to. The invention also relates to a host system containing the glycoprotein and the protein obtained. Glycosyl transferase, glycosylation, glycoproteins, glycoprotein plant


A superimposing and dismantling backflow production line is the major equipment for CCL(Copper Clad Laminates) manufacturing.A copper clad laminate automatic superimposing and dismantling backflow production line based on PLC is researched.It contains a superimposing system,a dismantling system,a steel plate cleaning system,a copper dragging and cutting system.The developed copper clad laminate automatic superimposing and dismantling backflow production line has been applied to CCL manufacturing enterprises.


The article focuses on teaching comprehension of criticism mitigation seen as a mandatory communicative strategy of the English-language written academic discourse. It attempts to substantiate the use of the notion of the communicative strategy in teaching comprehension including identification and adequate interpretation of criticism mitigation. The communicative tactics of criticism mitigation and their constituent techniques in Russianand English-language academic research articles are listed. The article also tries to evaluate the possibility of using the patterns and rules of mitigation in the students' native (Russian) language when teaching this strategy in English-medium written academic communication.


In his discussion of the nature and role of intellectuals Gramsci notes that '. . . the mass of the peasantry, although it performs an essential function in the world of production, does not elaborate its own "organic" intellectuals'1: organic, that is, in the sense of being produced by a particular class, and expressing the world view of that class. Taking Gramsci's thought-provoking observation as a starting point, I want to look at some of the ways in which knowledge, in its widest sense, is produced by, or imported into, a village community of some fifty villages and hamlets in north-western Zambia where I lived and carried out research for eighteen months between 1979 and 1981. Underlying this article is a set of questions which can be summed up schematically in one basic question. As far as this one small area is concerned, is one of the dimensions of the penetration of capital an ideological penetration that has transformed, and continues to transform, autonomous groups of cultivators who may have lacked specialized intellectuals, but who nevertheless produced their own systems of ideas and beliefs, into a subordinated rural stratum-a peasantry? A peasantry which is incapable of generating its own world view? The group of villages in which I lived and carried out research is known as Mukunashi, and is situated thirty miles south of the small town of Kasempa. Mukunashi's fifty villages and hamlets are scattered over a five-mile radius of a small primary school. The villagers are hoecultivators with an agricultural system based on the shifting cultivation of cereals. At the time of my research there was very little production for the market and almost no wage labour in the area. Mukunashi is at the heart of the region traditionally associated with the Kaonde, and most of the villages are Kaonde. The villagers have a definite sense of 'being Kaonde' and of this being synonymous with a particular way of life and a particular set of beliefs and ideas. It is this cluster of beliefs and practices to which I refer when I say the Kaonde do this, or the Kaonde believe that.


When ultrasonic propagates in porous composites,the interaction between ultrasonic scattering waves near voids and the scattering attenuation mechanism have not been clarified.Aiming at these problems,utilizing the finite difference time domain method,the ultrasonic propagation in carbon fiber reinforced plastic(CFRP)with the porosity of 7.47% was numerically calculated.The ultrasonic scattering attenuation coefficients of both 2D real morphology voids and spherical voids with different size ranges in CFRP laminates were studied contrastively.The results show that,for the small voids with the horizontal size m≤λ/8 and the median voids withλ/8m≤λ/3,the overall ultrasonic scattering attenuation would be weakened by the interaction between scattering waves.However,the large voids with sizeλ/3m2λ/3 could enhance ultrasonic scattering attenuation.In the case of the same porosity,the ultrasonic scattering attenuation coefficientαsof the spherical voids is generally less than that of real morphology voids.When the horizontal size of voids is m2λ/3,the large size voids and slender voids could enhance ultrasonic scattering attenuation on the whole.


We assessed the effects of a 16-week primary-care-based exercise program on body composition in perimenopausal women. The women (n = 150) were randomized into control (n = 75) or exercise (n = 75) groups. Exercise was provided in a 16-week (60 min/session, 3 days/week) concurrent program. Body composition was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. These are secondary analyses of the FLAMENCO Project (Clinical Trials Reference NCT02358109). In the intention-to-treat analyses, the control group showed no changes in body mass index (BMI) between post- and pre-test, whereas the exercise group showed a 0.75 kg/m2 decrease in BMI (95% CI: −1.29 to −0.22; p = 0.006). Gynoid and android fat mass in control group decreased by 98.3 g and 46.1 g after the 16 weeks, whereas they decreased by 213 g and 139 g in the exercise group, respectively (95% CI: −209 to −3.86; p = 0.042 and 95% CI: −164 to −26.9; p = 0.007, respectively). The control group decreased their pelvis bone mineral content by 2.85 g in the post-test compared with the pre-test, whereas the exercise group increased it by 1.13 g (95% CI: 0.93 to 7.81; p = 0.013). Per-protocol analyses showed similar results. These analyses suggest that the exercise intervention decreased fat depositions and BMI. Exercise might improve bone mineral content in specific areas such as the pelvis.


To the Editor, I read with great interest the article entitled "The significance of ST‐ elevation in aVL in anterolateral myocardial infarction: An assess‐ ment by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging" by Allencherril et al. (2018). I want to thank the authors for the influential investigation of the importance of electrocardiographic changes in lead aVL in pa‐ tients with first acute anterolateral myocardial infarction (MI). Acute anterolateral MI is basically diagnosed with the electrocar‐ diogram by ST segment elevation (STE) in D1, aVL, and the precordial leads. In acute anterolateral MI, ST segment changes in reciprocal derivations are the milestone of several investigations in the litera‐ ture (Sasaki, Yotsukura, Sakata, Yoshino, & Ishikawa, 2001; Birnbaum et al., 1993). Several hypotheses have aimed to explain the ST seg‐ ment changes with a practical theory. Benign reciprocal alterations are merely charged with underlying mechanism by Little, Rogers, and Sodums (1984). On the other hand, Schuster et al. have defended the occurrence of ST segment depression secondary to ischemia of those adjacent areas due to lack of collateral blood flow from the occluded coronary artery (Schuster & Bulkley, 1980). The well‐ac‐ cepted theory has been put forward by Sasaki et al. which is a com‐ bination of electrical alterations and remote myocardial ischemia as a pathophysiological mechanism of ST segment depression in acute MI (Sasaki et al., 2001). This is once again validated in patients with acute anterior MI treated with primary percutaneous intervention (Hayıroğlu et al., 2018). Nevertheless, another important contri‐ bution is vey valuable with regard to electrocardiographic changes in aVL during MI by the help of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging. For this reason, I am very grateful to Allencherril et al. for their considerable contribution. CMR imaging has even been rec‐ ommended as an alternative imaging method to echocardiography because of its precise results (Kim et al., 2000). Interpretation of the ECG changes in aVL with the aid of CMR brings this study to almost perfection. On the other hand, I have minor comments and questions about some issues in this trial. The data were limited with regard to occlusion site of the left anterior descending (LAD) artery, mul‐ tivessel disease especially comprising right coronary artery and the wrapping feature of the LAD artery. The distal right coronary artery lesions may either have a role in ST segment changes in lead aVL or enhancing myocardium at risk in apical inferior segment. Moreover, the wrapping feature of the LAD artery has a great influence on the myocardium at risk. In other words, patients with STE in lead aVL may mostly include patients with proximally occluded nonwrapped LAD artery or patients without ST segment elevation in lead aVL may mostly include patients with distally occluded wrapped LAD artery. Therefore, we will probably make a mistake to conclude patients with anterior MI and concomitant STE in aVL have less myocardium at risk in the apical inferior segment or more in the basal anterior segment. Therefore, the additional data will greatly increase the value of the article. Nevertheless, this trial is enlightening work about the signif‐ icance of STE in aVL.


The Spansk Sproglaere of the Danish linguist Rasmus K. Rask throws light on some concepts of undoubtable interest in the development of the Spanish grammatical tradition, especially on those concepts concerning the treatment of the temporal system of the Spanish verbs. This fact, together with the possibility that Rask's work may have influenced the analysis of the verbal tenses carried out by Andres Bello, are some of the reasons which led to this analysis of Rask's temporal system in the indicative mood and to the establishment of relations between Rask's system and that of Andres Bello.


To assess the effectiveness and safety of bivalirudin compared with heparin monotherapy in elderly patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).


Hydrogen redistribution processes in Zircaloy cladding of spent fuel were evaluated under thermal conditions of dry storage. Charpy impact tests were carried out from room temperature to 250°C on two kinds of Zircaloy specimens charged with 400 ppm of hydrogen: specimens in which hydrogen (hydride) is uniformly distributed and specimens in which it is non-uniformly distributed. These tests show that the impact strength of the specimen with non-uniform hydrogen distribution is larger than that of the specimen with uniform distribution. These results suggest that the impact strength of the cladding having large amounts of hydrogen is degraded during dry storage; for example, in the case of the cladding with 400 ppm hydrogen, the uniform distribution of hydrogen is realized when the cladding is heated to 480°C.