Based on the rate equation of laser oscillation, we study the possibility of square
wave output of a solid state laser in temporal domain. By means of the smooth cavity dumping,
the reduction of output loss compensates the photon decrease in cavity. In experiment, we use
two sets of avalanche transistor chains to control the functional voltage applied on the Pockels
cell for getting uniform and pulsewidth variable square wave laser pulse.


Abstract : An assessment is made of the significance of internal security as a hemisphere-wide rationale and objective for U.S. military assistance programs to Latin America. The major insurgency threats have diminished, and although internal security assistance remains a salient objective for many Latin American militaries, MAP can promote other objectives more effectively.


The information carrier is divided into four periods according to its evolution process,i.e.inscriptions-on-tortoise-shell period,bambo-slip-and-silk period,paper-printing period,and electronic period.The editing in Chinese history began at the time when written record of the literature appeared.The editing activities in inscriptions-on-tortoise-shell period were mainly engaged in collection of literature material and classification sequence,which make them facilitate to be collected and spread later;book editing began in bamboo-slip-and silk period,which was the period of the foundation of Chinese editing business;in paper-printing period,the editing achieved a great development,and editing career formed,its division was increasingly fine,and different specialty editing business developed;electronic period has opened a new field for editing business in content and form.A dialectical relationship exists among the evolution of information carrier and social needs for information storage,exchange and transmission.The history of editing shows that the progress of the mode of prodution has provided the material base for the evolution of information carrier,and the evolution determines the development of the editing,and,conversely,the needs of editing speed up the process of the carrier evolution.Chinese editing activities experienced four phases such as collection editing,writing editing,publication editing and electronic editing.


Footwear (1) comprising at least two zones of different fastening (Z1, Z2), in succession, each provided with a bead (2) which allows tightening and distinct and independent regulation attached, selected and adjusted by the user same, whatever the tethering means, characterized: * in that for each area fastening, a fastening means and rapid-tightening (3) is associated on the lace or end part of cord, * and in that the fixing means and rapid-tightening, the lacing zones are extended to form an intermediate connecting portion and pulled (2c) allowing, by a single action of making said intermediate portions, tightening and differentiated regulation shoe at the level of lacing zones concerned by the positioning of each attachment means.


THE chance association of erythroblastosis and congenital syphilis in an infant recently born in the Simpson Maternity Hospital aroused much interest, not only because of its rarity, but also because of the difficulty of differentiating these two diseases which have so many features in common. Little was known about erythroblastosis until the last decade and most of the more severe cases with stillbirth or miscarriage were diagnosed as congenital syphilis. A history of congenital jaundice, hydrops or intrauterine death, in successive pregnancies, was regarded as strong confirmation of the diagnosis of congenital syphilis, and women with such an obstetrical history were frequently given prolonged courses of anti-syphilitic treatment in spite of negative serological tests for syphilis. Extensive research and increased publicity during recent years have greatly increased our knowledge of erythroblastosis and more general recognition has shown the disease to be commoner than congenital syphilis. Recently, one of us (Henderson'), in a paper entitled " Erythroblastosis or Congenital Syphilis ? " analysed the principal clinical and pathological features of these two diseases and discussed the differential diagnosis. The valuable serological test for erythroblastosis was not mentioned as it had not passed the experimental stage when this paper was written. The test is dependent on the development in the mother of anti-Rh agglutinins, Rh (rhesus) being a factor in the foetal erythrocytes which is inherited from the father. The test is proving of great value in the differential diagnosis of erythroblastosis when expectant mothers give a history of recurrent miscarriage and/ or intrauterine death. In the case about to be recorded the mother's Wassermann and Kahn tests for syphilis and the serological test for erythroblastosis were all positive. The hydropic infant died half an hour after birth. The cordblood faken at birth gave a positive Wassermann reaction. A postmortem exarnination seemed to confirm the provisional diagnosis of congenital syphilis, but the histological features resembled those ,of erythroblastosis much more closely than those of syphilis.


Picking the first breaks is an important step in seismic processing. The large volume of the seismic data calls for automatic and objective picking. We introduce a new automatic first-break picker, which uses specifically designed time windows and an iterative procedure based on the instantaneous traveltime attribute. The method is fast as it only uses a few FFT's per trace. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this automatic method by applying it on real test data.


UV sensitive solar blind photo multiplier tube (PMT) attached on the exit slit of the VUV monchromators through a vacuum interface of MgF2 window are, generally, used for detection of emissions of wavelength larger than 2000 A. However, using windows in front of PMTs always remains a concern from the point of view of detection of weak radiations and also for monitoring the radiations having wavelength lower than 2000 A due to absorption by air. In the present paper, a technique is presented to monitor spectral emissions from Aditya tokamak plasma in vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) wavelength range down to 1150 A using a solar blind UV sensitive photo multiplier tube, which is kept inside a vacuum cavity and directly coupled with exit slit of the monochromator and hence avoiding any window interface between monochromator and detector. This technique enables us to improve the detection of VUV radiation in Aditya tokamak, as the VUV photons reaching to detector increase in number due to the absence of any vacuum interface. The comparison of results obtained with this technique with other window based techniques, is also presented.


(57) Abstract: the technique to prevent the watermark information without degrading the quality of the cover signal is removed, the audio signal, a video signal apparatus incorporating watermark information or in the cover signal, such as a still picture signal, and to provide a method. This phase modulation is applied to the cover signal before watermark information is embedded, at least, certain real or every watermark to be incorporated into replication of the cover signal, accomplished by amount or degree of phase modulation is changed It is. In an attempt to erase the watermark information, the two identical cover signal containing different watermark is averaged or combined, the phase of the cover signal is erased, any unauthorized copying even worthlessness of such generated signal It is.


ABSTRACT This study examined the formation of residents' support for sustainable tourism development based on the social exchange theory and bottom-up spillover theory. A self-administered survey along with a structural analysis was used. Our result revealed that overall quality of life satisfaction influenced support for sustainable tourism development, and that material life domains and non-material life domains were two important determinants of overall QoL. Perceived sociocultural impacts of tourism had a significant relationship with non-material life domains. Perceived economic impacts of tourism influenced both material and non-material life domains. Community attachment and residents' perceived impacts of tourism were significantly associated.


One of the methods to increase the tensile strength of concrete is adding a fiber mat erial into the concrete.
While to reduce a noise in a construction project, a self compacting concrete was a good choices in the project. This paper presents an experimental study of flexural behavior and strength of self compacting fiber reinforced concrete (RC) beams using polypropylene fiber. The micro monofilament polypropylene fibers with the proportion 0.9 kg/m of concrete weight were used in this study. Four beam specimens were cast and tested in this study. Two beams were cast of self compacting reinforced concrete without fiber, and two beams wer e cast of self compacting fiber r einfor ced concret e using polypropylene. The beams specimen had the sect ion of (180×260) mm and the length was 2000 mm. The beams
had simple supported with the span of 1800 mm. The longitudinal r einforcements were using diameter of 10 mm. Two reinforcements of O10 mm were put for compressive reinforcement and three reinforcements of O10 mm were put for tensile reinforcement. The shear reinforcement was using diameter of 8 mm. The shear reinforcements with spacing of 100 mm were put in the one fourth near to the support and the spacing of 150 mm were put in the middle span. Two points loading were used in the testing. The result shows that the load-carrying capacity of the self compacting reinforced concrete beam using polypropylene was a little bit higher than the self compacting reinforced concret e beam without polypropylene. The increment of load-carrying capacity of self compacting polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete was not so significant because the increment was only 2.80 % compare to self compacting non fiber reinforced concrete. And
from the load- carr ying capacit y- deflection relationship cur ves show that both the self compacting polypropylene fiber reinforced concret e beam and the self compacting non fiber reinforced concrete beam were ductile beams.


In this paper we will look into publishing and the Internet from various viewpoints. The focal point is the sharing and retrieving of scholarly publications. This concerns both edited and non-edited publication, as well as the need for a connection between these and structured languages.


AbstractEvidence from experimental philosophy indicates that people think that their choices are not determined. What remains unclear is why people think this. Denying determinism is rather presumptuous given people's general ignorance about the nature of the universe. In this paper, i'll argue that the belief in indeterminism depends on a default presumption that we know the factors that influence our decision making. That presumption was reasonable at earlier points in intellectual history. But in light of work in cognitive science, we are no longerjustified in sustaining the presupposition that we know what influences our choices. As a result, i'll suggest, our belief in indeterminist choice is unjustified.11. The Indeterminist IntuitionA diverse body of evidence indicates that people have the intuition that choice isn't determined. The evidence comes from interviews with children, vignette tasks, and phenomenological studies. Let's start with the children. Young children are fluent with the idea that a person often could have done otherwise than she did. In one study, the child observed an experimenter reach into a box and touch the bottom; the experimenter then asked the child, "did I have to touch the bottom or could I have done something else instead?" Children overwhelmingly said that the person could have done something else (Nichols 2004; Kushnir et al. 2009). Children did not, however, say the same thing after observing a physical event like a ball rolling into the box. Rather, in that case, children denied that the ball could have done something else.Of course, one might wonder whether the notion of could have done otherwise that the child is deploying is really inconsistent with determinism. In a subsequent experiment, children were presented with scenarios of physical events and moral choices. In one of the moral choice scenarios, Mary chooses to steal a candy bar. After correctly answering some comprehension questions about the situation that immediately preceded Mary's choice, children were presented with a kind of roll-back question: "Okay, now imagine that all of that was exactly the same and that what Mary wanted was exactly the same. If everything in the world was the same right up until she chose to steal, did Mary have to choose to steal?" In a physical event scenario, a pot of water was put on a stove and boils. Again, after comprehension questions about the situation immediately prior to the boiling, the children were asked "Okay, now imagine that all of that was exactly the same. If everything in the world was the same right up until the water boiled, did the water have to boil?" In this study, children were more likely to say that the water had to boil than that Mary had to choose to steal (Nichols 2004).It is hard to be sure that children really understand the roll-back set up here, so I conducted a similar study on adults. Adults were presented with the water-boiling scenario and asked to imagine the moment right before the water boiled. They were asked to indicate the extent to which they agreed with this statement: "If everything was exactly the same up until the moment the water boiled, then the water had to boil at that moment." Adults tended to give high ratings of agreement for this case. By contrast, they gave significantly lower ratings for a theft-scenario in which they were ask to indicate agreement with this statement: "If everything was exactly the same up until the moment the man chose to steal the CD, then the man had to choose to steal the CD at that moment."2 In addition, many of the participants who gave different answers for the two cases explicitly invoked the nature of choice in explaining their responses. Here are a few examples:I think that it's most LIKELY that the people will not change what actions they take, but I think it's possible, whereas water doesn't choose to boil.For the water boiling scenario, all things the same, water will boil in the same amount of time, each and every time. …


Watershed Agneby is located southeast of the Cote d'Ivoire. This basin has a vulnerability to climate change manifested by an increased sensitivity to extreme situations (floods and drought) since 70's. This natural determinism seems to be reinforced by population increasing whose economic activities are based on water resources. View this problem which challenge is to satisfy water demand; we proposed to model the flows for an immediate assessment of the water balance. To achieve this, data of precipitation, evapotranspiration and runoff discharge collected over the 1984-2009 period were ejected in GR4J model to assess its performance in runoff simulating. The results gave satisfactory wedging in Nash values (60-80%). In addition, the comparison of observed and simulated hydrographs showed that the flow dynamics is well respected and floods are reproduced in calibration and validation. All these results have shown a good performance of GR4J model to reproduce the flows in the basin. Thus, the calculated water balance showed that 75% of the annual average rainfall estimated at 1168 mm for the period 1984 to 2009 has evaporated. The runoff is about 2%, while infiltration is about of 23%.


BACKGROUND: Anemia is a health condition characterized by a decreased in the levels of hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Ht), and the number of erythrocytes. It is usually caused through exposure to plumbum (Pb) common in most industrial areas. Based on several studies, Tambaklorok is located in the Northern part of the city of Semarang in Indonesia with Pb levels higher than the normal threshold.

AIM: Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the level of anemia among the residents of Tambaklorok based on the characteristics of the respondents.

METHODS: Characteristics assessed include length of stay in the area, the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), smoking habits, and consumption of shellfish. The methods are the cross-sectional research method was used with analytic study approach. The study sample was made up of 104 respondents with the characteristics evaluated through questionnaires. The levels of Hb, Ht, and erythrocytes were analyzed using Hematology Analyzer.

RESULTS: The results showed that 38.6% of residents with over 30 years of stay, 42.2% with other jobs, 45.3% not wearing PPE, 26.7% smokers, and 38.7% of respondents had anemia. In addition, the Gamma statistical test results showed a significant relationship between the use of PPE with the levels of Hb (p = 0.001) and Ht (p = 0.012).

CONCLUSION: The conclusion is generally, 41% of Tambaklorok residents in Semarang had mild anemia based on the industrial activities in the region.


This paper investigates the coupling effect on EFT Burst transient waveform injected via CDN and capacitive clamp described in IEC 61000-4-4 [1]. We first introduce the EFT Burst transient Generator model [2] previously established published with ANSYS Designer, and which has later been adopted into ANSYS Electronics Desktop serving for immunity effect and protection measure analysis. Even though the EFT generator model has been validated with measured waveform and met pulse specification listed in the Standard, the users of ANSYS Electronics Desktop would further like to simulate their design for immunity performance in combination of EFT generator with capacitive injection clamp as test in EMC laboratory. Therefore we investigate the capacitive coupling effect on EFT waveform which injected onto EUT, for example EV charging cables and plugs, via CDN or clamp with the model of coupling network established by utilization of ANSYS Q3D and SIwave. The coupling model also takes into account the transmission line effectivity for accuracy convergence. This study intends to provide an effective simulation model to help electronic engineers enhancing their EMS design capability.


Phenomenology has been characterized by the move to make the 'given' an absolute principle. However, a grammatical analysis of 'being-given' reveals that such absolute use of the notion separates it from its natural conditions of meaning. Such an analysis shows the essential conditionality of givenness, which requires reality to fill in its three syntactical dimensions. On the basis of that criticism, the author suggests another take on givenness, that interprets it in a completely realist perspective, which entails a philosophical method as well, that might be described as a 'counter-phenomenology'.


Abstract The depression of the analytical signal of calcium by phosphate ion when using turbulent (H2/02 and H2/A/entrained air) and laminar (C2/H2/air) flames in flame spectro-ietry is studied. Measurements of flame emission of calcium as a function of calcium to phosphate and pyrophosphate molar ratios for various flame heights in both turbulent and laminar flames are made. The phosphate interference when using turbulent flames is shown to be a result of a slow vaporization of the calcium phosphate particles. The phosphate interference when using laminar flames with chamber type aspirators is only important at high calcium and phosphate concentrations. The cause of the interference is probably a result of either slow vaporization of the calcium phosphate particles or a slow rate of change of the orthophosphate to pyrophosphate during the decomposition step.


Laser irradiation of a cyclohexane solution containing pyrene resulted in hydrogen evolution as pyrene was converted to a metal-free nanoparticle photocatalyst. When C6H12 was replaced by C6D12, D2 was mainly evolved. This result suggests that the hydrogen source is cyclohexane used as a solvent. Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution was also observed in an aqueous solution by using a water-soluble pyrene derivative.


The ideological and political education on college students must be based on the current social environment and the ideological situation of college students;dialectical materialism should be used to analyze and deal with all kinds of contradict relations in the process of ideological education;at the same time,the education is a constantly developing process,which must keep up with the times so as to have obvious effect.


I. Commissioners Present: Andrew Valentine, Tracy Souza, Feliciana Sales, Linda Liddell, John Briley, Jr., Karen Hue Sing, Joseph Crugnale. Commissioners Excused: Charlotte Seales, Elsie Santos. Others Present: Jan Roberson, staff; Tara Sabado, inclusion specialist for Parks and Recreation; Agnes Groff, MEO Community Liaison; Ramoda Anand; Ellen Kamaka. II. CALL TO ORDER: Meeting called to order at 1:33 p.m. III. APPROVAL OF MINUTES: March 12, 2010 Commissioner Briley MOVED and Commissioner Hue Sing SECONDED the minutes be approved without correction. MOTION CARRIED. IV. PUBLIC TESTIMONY: Ramoda Anand testified that he is concerned about the proposed budget cuts to MEO transportation. I am afraid they won't have money for me to use the bus. What can we do about this to remedy this situation? I am willing to mediate if anyone wants to help me with this. V. NEW BUSINESS A. Maui County Fair – to be rescheduled as guest speaker had a conflict. B. Election of officers Commissioner Souza NOMINATED Andrew Valentine for a second term as Chair. Commissioner Briley SECONDED. MOTION CARRIED. Commissioner Souza NOMINATED Linda Liddell for VICE CHAIR. Commissioner Briley SECONDED. MOTION CARRIED. C. Molokai Senior Fair – the fair is scheduled for Friday, April 16, 2010 at Home Pumehana. Jan to request HHC permission to make copies and send to Commissioner Liddell.


The immune system protects an organism in a multitude of different ways. The T lymphocytes, with their respective T Cell Receptor (TCR), bear a grave role by binding foreign antigens and initiating the adaptive immune response. Even though the TCR and its associated proteins, CD3 and ζ, are long known to execute this vital task, much remains to be elucidated. The ζ chain represents an essential part of the complex for assembly and membrane association, as well as for accurate signal initiation. Most studies on the TCR/CD3/ζ complex were made by rather indirect methods, such as co-immunoprecipitation. However, with the recent progress made in light microscopy, enabling single molecule observations, more direct experiments can be done. In this work, single molecule tracking experiments were performed to get information on the diffusional behaviour of some of the involved proteins, i.e. TCRβ and ζ. Furthermore, two-color PALM was used to examine possible clustering of TCRβ and ζ in resting and stimulated primary mouse T cells. The utilized algorithms for localization and tracking were evaluated before use and found to be adequate for densities and SNRs in the range of the actual experiments. The potency of the used murine T cells to induce Ca2+ flux by pMHC binding was confirmed. Interestingly, the diffusional behaviour of ζ was found to differ from the one of TCRβ, highlighting the possibility of TCR/CD3-free ζ within the membrane. These diffusional differences between ζ and TCRβ indicate less stable interactions within the TCR/CD3/ζ complex, than identified by biochemical methods. Furthermore, hints on spatial clustering of both proteins were identified. However, crucial pit-falls within a commonly used data analysis on PALM images, i.e. Ripley's K function, were shown.


Objective To analyze the distribution and the clinical significance of skin diseases confirmed in Affiliated Hospital of Aviation Medicine Research Center of Air Force.Methods Clinical data of 1439 cases of skin diseases from outpatient and inpatient department during 2009-2011 were retrospectively analyzed,classification and the constituent ratio were done.Results Among the 1439 cases,the distribution of the top 10 were:eczema104 cases(7.23%),tinea 88 cases(6.12%),neurodermatitis 65 cases(4.52%),urticaria 64 cases(4.45%),acne 64 cases(4.45%),plantar warts 62 cases(4.31%),tinea corporis 62 cases(4.31%),onychomycosis 60 cases(4.17%),tinea versicolor 48 cases(3.34%),and contact dermatitis 45 cases(3.13%).Conclusion Effective measures need to be taken to reduce the prevalence of skin diseases.


Wip1 over‐expression inhibits p53 function and reduces selection for TP53 mutations during cancer progression. To clarify the correlation of Wip1 with TP53/p14ARF pathway disruption in astyrocytomas, the expression of Wip1 and TP53/p14ARF pathway alterations have been investigated.


A chronic illness or handicap in a child or adolescent leads to a whole spectrum of problems of daily life, at different levels in the child's or adolescent's environment. A handicapped child in the family also means a handicapped family. Because of their guilt feelings, parents seldom succeed in avoiding overprotection of the child. These feelings are frequently transferred more or less inadvertently to the child's normal siblings /1/. The most difficult tasks that families must face are the emotional challenges of disability. These emotions entail loss, anger, blame, guilt, heartlessness, and depression, and recur throughout the course of the disability. Families often need help with this. Pediatricians and other health professionals who relate well to families on the cognitive and behavioral levels are usually unavailable or unwilling to openly discuss emotional reactions. Pediatricians should be encouraged to have periodic meetings with the whole family to facilitate this open expression of emotions 111.


Computers have had a great impact on the business community, but computerised models are no substitute for good planning. The computer can aid management in its information requirements, but the information must be well founded for the computer to be of assistance.


Recent works reveal that network embedding techniques enable many machine learning models to handle diverse downstream tasks on graph-structured data. However, as previous methods usually focus on learning embedding for a single network, they cannot learn representations transferable on multiple networks. Hence, it is important to design a network embedding algorithm that supports downstream model transferring on different networks, known as domain adaptation. In this article, we propose a Domain Adaptive Network Embedding framework, which applies Graph Convolutional Network to learn transferable embedding. In DANE, nodes from multiple networks are encoded to vectors via a shared and aligned embedding space. The distribution of embedding on different networks are further aligned by Adversarial Learning Regularization. To achieve better performance in scenarios where labels are provided, DANE adopts a cross-entropy error term of the GCN framework and class centroid aligning method. Moreover, DANE's advantages in learning transferable network embedding can be guaranteed theoretically. Extensive experiments reflect that the proposed framework outperforms other well-recognized network embedding baselines in cross-network domain adaptation tasks, and the semi-supervised components improve the performance significantly.


Activation of IK(ACh) is the major effect of the vagal neutrotransmitter acetylcholine in the heart. We report that both lysosphingomyelin (D‐erythro‐sphingosyl‐phosphorylcholine; SPC) and sphingosine 1‐phosphate (SPP) activate IK(ACh) in guinea pig atrial myocytes through the same receptor with an EC50 of 1.5 and 1.2 nM, respectively. Pertussis toxin abolished the activation of IK(ACh) by either lipid. The putative receptor showed an exquisite stereoselectivity for the naturally occurring D‐erythro‐(2S,3R)‐SPC stereoisomer, the structure of which was confirmed by mass spectroscopy and NMR. These lipids caused complete homologous and heterologous desensitization with each other but not with ACh, indicating that both act on the same receptor. This receptor displays a distinct structure‐activity relationship: it requires an unsubstituted amino group because N‐acetyl‐SPC, lysophosphatidic acid and lysophosphatidylcholine were inactive. Because SPP and SPC are naturally occurring products of membrane lipid metabolism, it appears that these compounds might be important extracellular mediators acting on a family of bona fide G protein‐coupled receptors. Expression of these receptors in the heart raises the possibility that sphingolipids may be a part of the physiological and/or pathophysiological regulation of the heart. Based on their ligand selectivity we propose a classification of the sphingolipid receptors.


Abstract : Low viscosity, two-component epoxy resins were formulated for airless spray application over quartz or dolomite aggregates. The formulation selected for full evaluation was based on mercaptan curing systems. Trifunctional acrylate monomers were used in some formulations as modifiers. The resulting polymer concrete set up within 3 to 4 minutes after mixing at temperatures around 73 degrees F. Good cures within 1/2 hour of mixing can be obtained in wet environments down to 5 degrees C and in dry environments down to -25 degrees C. Good adhesion to wet aggregates requires the use of coupling agents, organofunctional silanes being preferred. Good bonding to asphalt and Portland cement concrete and good wear characteristics were demonstrated. Flexural strength properties are satisfactory after cool down both under dry and wet application conditions. While the polymer concrete is hot due to the exotherm of the curing reaction, flexural strength properties are low. (Author)


Abstract : The strength and ductility variation of TiAl alloys with variations of microstructure and composition are quite complicated and, possible interactions between these effects exist. For example, Al is known to affect strength and the variation in volume fraction of gamma and alpha-2 phases have been credited with the effect. However, the impact of composition versus phase fraction and microconstitutent fraction has not been satisfactorily quantified, especially for multi-element compositions. In an effort to understand such effects, four billets of gamma alloy 03K, nominal composition of Ti-45.5Al-3Nb-1Cr-0.2W-0.2B-0.4C-0.2Si (at%), were produced from gas-atomized powder. The actual Al content varied between 44.8 and 47.4 at%. The forgings were heat treated to develop three microstructural variants: fully lamellar, nearly lamellar and duplex. The microstructure and Rockwell C hardness were analyzed on all samples, and room-temperature tensile testing was conducted on the fully-lamellar materials. The resulting strength and ductility as a function of Al content and microstructure will be discussed.


Camouflage is an effective measure to improve survivability of the field depot.Genetic algorithm is used to improve BP(Back Propagation) neural network model,the paper analyses the basic thought and practical approach and applies this model to evaluate the effect of the field depot camouflage.The example shows that this model can overcome the influences which are caused by human factor and fuzzy randomness.The evaluation result is more scientific and credible.


Big data is the voluminous and complicated assortment of information that comes from completely different sources like sensors, content denote on social media web sites, sale purchase dealings etc. Such voluminous knowledge becomes robust to method victimization a ncient process application. There are distinct tools and techniques within the marketplace for big data analytics. With regularly increasing population, crimes and rate analyzing connected knowledge may be a large issue for governments to form strategic selections thus to maintain law and order. This can be extremely necessary to stay the voters of the country safe from crimes. the most effective place to seem up to seek out area for improvement is that the voluminous data that's generated on a daily basis from varied sources by applying Big Data Analytics (BDA) that helps to investigate sure trends that has to be discovered, in order that law and order are often maintained properly and there's a way of safety and well-being among the voters of the country.


The present invention re-transmitter in a wireless communication system, a method and apparatus for initialization. If a problem occurs in the communication link between the mobile station 38 and base station 32, the mobile station and the infrastructure is expected potential rescue base station 34. The mobile station 38 thus disabling the transmitter during the rescue process. The transmit power level of the transmitter is incremented for the transmission of the pilot strength measurement message until the handoff command message is received during restoration. Transmit power level is incremented to a maximum value.


We presented a study of high-performance GaN-based light emitting diodes (LEDs) using a GaN nanopillars (NPs) structure grown on sapphire substrate by integrating RF-plasma molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). Nanoscale air voids were clearly observed at the interface between GaN NPs and the overgrown GaN layer by cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy. It can increase the light-extraction efficiency due to additional light scattering. The transmission electron microscopy images suggest the air voids between GaN NPs introduced during nanoscale epitaxial lateral overgrowth of GaN can suppress the threading dislocation density. Moreover, Raman spectrum demonstrated that the strain of the GaN layer grown on GaN NPs was effectively eliminated, resulting in the reduction of quantum-confined Stark effect in InGaN/GaN quantum wells. Consequently, the LEDs fabricated on the GaN NPs template exhibit smaller electroluminescent peak wavelength blue shift and great enhancement of the light output (70% at 20 mA) compared with the conventional LEDs.


A heat-resistant austenitic stainless reduced precipitation of a ferrite phase during the application of a thermal load to stabilize the austenite structure for improved heat resistance is provided. The heat-resistant austenitic cast steel comprises the following elements: 0.1 to 0.6% by mass of C, 1.0 to 2.5 mass% Si, 1.0 to 3.5 mass% Mn, 0.05 to 0 , 2 mass% of S, 14 to 24 mass% Cr, 5 to 20% by mass of Ni, 0.1 to 0.3 mass% of N, 0.01 to 1.2 mass% Zr, 0.01 Cu up to 1.5 mass%, 0.01 to 1.5 mass% Nb and the balance of Fe and unavoidable admixture. The elements satisfy the following expressions: Mn S≥1,0; and C- (1 / 12Cr-32Zr)> 0, where the symbols for the elements in these expressions represent values that indicate the content of the corresponding elements of the symbols in the unit of atomic%.


gration. We are shown the paradoxes and the absurdities of the present – along with its horrors – but we are not offered any intimations of a historically viable alternative. The previously chosen alternatives, as Hobsbawm acknowledges, have failed. In confronting that failure, some new or rediscovered approaches are beginning to gain a hearing, especially in the spheres of environmental justice and workers' control. The current challenge for intellectuals is to explore the foundations on which such budding initiatives can flourish.


Background:Incidence of acute salicylate intoxication in children has declined (mortality reduction 34[percnt]) with limitation of the dose of aspirin in tablets and child resistant packaging. However, salicylate containing products like incense and candles are found in most households and can be a source of intoxication.
CASE: A 3 years old girl presented to the ER after first episode of non-febrile, generalized tonic clonic seizure. Examination was within normal limits. ABG revealed respiratory alkalosis with metabolic acidosis. Initial investigation revealed serum salicylate level of 19mg/dl with a repeat after 5 hours of 17mg/dl. She had two episodes of seizures in PICU, one resolved spontaneously in 40secs, following which she was loaded with Levetiracetam. She then had another seizure 3 hours later which lasted for 7 minutes and resolved with Lorazepam. On neurologist9s recommendation, she was started on Fosphenytoin. Parents denied any other symptoms, prior head injury or exposure to any known toxin. Milestones were normal. EEG and MRI brain were normal. Administration for Children9s Services investigated the home and found chronic exposure to incense stick (salicylates 10-20[percnt]) fumes continuously in the room. No other contributory sources were reported. Poison Control was informed. Further exposure to incense sticks was stopped and parents were counseled, thereafter she had no seizures and resumed normal growth on follow up.
Discussion: Chronic salicylate intoxication occurs with lower serum concentrations as, over time, a larger amount of salicylate is distributed to tissues. Although there is no absolute correlation between the plasma salicylate concentration and symptoms, signs of intoxication are seen when the concentration exceeds 25mg/dL. Life threatening complications of intoxication may be seen while plasma concentrations are declining and clinicians must follow patients closely.
Conclusion: All salicylate-containing products should have an appropriate warning label. It is important that health care providers are aware of the potential risk. Disclosure: Dr. Shekhawat has nothing to disclose. Dr. Rajagopalan has nothing to disclose.


Starting from the deepgoing analysis of the concept of adjudicative power, this article sets forth a concept in a formal sense in judicial theory ---- administrative power in adjudicative power. Then based on the understanding of such a basic concept, this article expounds the manifestation and significance of expansion of administrative power in adjudicative power in judicial practice, and makes an attempt to deeply understand some problems in judicial practice from a new angle, and puts forward views about it, hoping to provide some ideas for future judicial reform.


There is more archive technology in PACS solution. With date recording technology continues to enjoy significant progress in media capacity and price reduction. It has been extensive application to RAID,NAS,SAN in online and high speed ALS in nearline. These technology with safety,high volume, high performance are an important party of PACS. Addition, Archive project design must consider about date backup, recovery and remote date archive etc. The developing trend of archive technology is a attentive focus of archive application in future.


A test was carried between January and June 2014 in the zone of Nkolnkondi II, district of Yaounde 5th, area of Center Cameroon with and aim of contributing to the performance evaluation of growth of Clarias jaensis in fertilized ponds. A total of 4000 fingerlings of Clarias jaensis of average weight (20,39


Purpose. Comparative analysis of clinical efficacy and safety of inhalational general anesthesia (GA) with halothane and sevoflurane in premature infants with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) during laser coagulation (LC) of the avascular retina. Material and methods. The clinical material included 284 children who underwent laser surgery of ROP in the period from 2008 to 2017 (method of continuous sampling). Introduction to anesthesia and maintenance of anesthesia was performed by inhalation of anesthetic (halothane or sevoflurane) with O2 using face mask and Mapleson breathing circuit. Two groups were formed: in the 1st group (167 people) halothane was used at anesthetic at oxygen concentration of 0.3 vol%, in the 2nd group (117 people) – sevoflurane at concentration of 1–1.5 vol%. Results. In case of GA with halothane in children of the 1st group, in 68 children (40.7%) developed negative reactions during anesthesia in the form of of respiratory depression, in several cases – up to pronounced bradypnea, bradycardia, prolonged awakening after surgery. In the 2nd group with GA with sevoflurane, negative reactions in the form of moderate bradycardia and bradypnea were observed only in 14 children (11.9%). All complications and reactions were promptly eliminated in all cases. Conclusion. Based on the obtained results, the optimal inhalation anesthetic for LC of retina in premature infants is sevoflurane in low concentrations (at the sedation level) using the Mapleson breathing circuit and face mask. With this method of anesthesia, the frequency of side effects of sevoflurane, negative reactions during anesthesia and the degree of their severity are extremely low. Key words: premature infants, retinopathy of premature, sevoflurane, general anesthesia, laser coagulation of the retina.


The effect of the rise time on a second generation Fourier transform Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (2G FT-EIS) system was investigated using a COMSOL simulation and a numerical analysis. Chronoamperometry with either a non-ideal or an ideal step function was simulated by manipulating the rise time (transition zone in COMSOL). First, EIS data were obtained from (1) the differentiation of both step function and the current response, after which (2) the subsequent fast Fourier transform (FFT) of the derivatives in reversible electrode system. A longer rise time (ms order) caused more noise in the high frequency region compared to a shorter rise time (  s order). Second, the noise in a slower charge transfer system was analyzed with different rise times. The noise level, however, is tolerable over the practical frequency range with a long rise time. Third, 2G FT-EIS behavior upon an unconventionally large potential amplitude on a quasi-reversible system was simulated. With an overpotential increase, the 2G FT-EIS system deviated from linear approximation due to a change in the charge transfer resistance, indicating that the decision to allow the maximum stimulating potential should depend on electrode kinetics. These simulation results here suggest the proper design requirements for the 2G FT-EIS


In recent years,integrable ware has become a platform for new teaching jobs,the article introduces the approach of developing integrable ware system based on Flash and its current irreplaceable advantages.Using Flash technology to realize the basic integrable ware system is an effective means to achieve the high-level integration of information and courseware.


Abstract We consider a non-negative self-adjoint operator L satisfying generalized Gaussian estimates on a doubling metric measure space, and show that if L has a spectral gap, then the local and global Hardy spaces, defined by means of appropriate square functions, coincide.


The article analyses the historical aspect of criminal liability for high treason in Ukraine since the times of Kyivan Rus'. The genesis of the emergence and transformation of this legal phenomenon is studied on the material of the statutes of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the codified criminal laws of the Russian Empire, the criminal codes of the Soviet era. It is noted that all the criminal codes of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic were not proper domestic laws. They were created in strict accordance with the instructions of the central authorities of Moscow, which were based on the principle of political expediency. In fact, these norms of the Ukrainian criminal legislation were copied from the Criminal Code of the RSFSR. Therefore, in Ukraine in the 1920s and 1950s the concept of «counter-revolutionary crimes» was introduced into criminal law. A relevant chapter of the Criminal Code was created, which included high treason. As a result, the ideas of class struggle became the norms of criminal law and were used as an instrument of political repression. Based on the study, it was concluded that it is necessary to improve the current criminal legislation of Ukraine, taking into account the historical experience of criminal responsibility for high treason and in accordance with modern threats to the national security of Ukraine.


The geomagnetic aa index shows that a nonrecurrent magnetic disturbance occurred in May 1910 near the time of the passage of comet Halley through inferior conjunction. Examination of ground-based magnetograms from May 18 to 20, 1910, shows that this disturbance consisted, in part, of a negative bay of the depth expected if the magnetopause currents had ceased. The duration of this bay could have been caused by the Earth's entry into a cometary tail lobe width of about 10{degrees} km. Other features during this period suggest that the Earth may have also earlier grazed the other lobe of the cometary tail and passed through the plasma sheet. If this interpretation is true, the entire region of interaction was about 6 {times} 10{sup 6} km wide 24 {times} 10{sup 6} km downstream from the nucleus. MHD computer simulations of the solar wind interaction with Halley to 7 {times} 10{sup 6} km downstream are consistent with the inferred tail properties. The fact that the signature of the interaction was observed earlier than expected suggests that momentum transfer occurred from the comet to the solar wind over a very extended region of space around the comet. If this momentum transfer deflected the solarmore » wind flow with the 45-km/s transverse velocity of the comet, the observed timing would be consistent with an initially radially flowing solar wind of 750 km/s or a solar wind flow 4{degrees} from the radial of 500 km/s.« less


This study evaluated the effects of single, double, and triple reinforcing layers on the bearing capacity ratio (BCR) of strip footing on a sand slope system. Seventy-two laboratory-loading tests were conducted on a stripfooting model on a reinforced sand slope. Moreover, this study illustrated the effects of the different parameters of two reinforcing layers on the bearing capacity of a double-reinforced sand slope. The BCR increased from 1.06 to 3.00 for single-reinforced slope soils, 1.09 to 7.73 for double-reinforced slope soils, and up to 8.00 for three-layered reinforced systems. For double-reinforced soil slopes, the most effective spacing between the two reinforcing layers is 0.3 B.


Bracon concolor Thomson, 1894 is a junior homonym of Bracon concolor Walker, 1871, its emendated name is Bracon concolorans by Marshall (1900), now the species is assigned to the genus Habrobracon. The two species, Habrobracon concolorans comb. n. and H. crassicornis, are redescribed and compared with the nearest species H. stabilis (Wesmael) and H. ponticus (Tobias), respectively. Lectotypes are designated for Bracon concolor Thomson, 1894 and Bracon crassicornis Thomson, 1894. New synonyms: H. concolorans (Marshall, 1900) sen. syn. = H. nigricans Szépligeti, 1901 jun. syn. and H. crassicornis (Thomson, 1894) sen. syn. = H. flavosignatus Tobias, 1957 jun. syn. A checklist was compiled for the 21 valid Habrobracon species distributed in the western Palaearctic Region. With 37 original linedrawn figures.


Models of the magnetospheric and magnetosheath magnetic fields are used to determine the relative orientations of these fields at the dayside magnetopause in order to locate potential merging sites. Areas on the magnetopause with different fractional antiparallel components are displayed by contour diagrams for a variety of interplanetary field orientations. For interplanetary fields oriented perpendicular to the solar wind velocity the areas of nearly antiparallel field agree with those obtained by Crooker using simplified representations for the magnetic field geometry. Here, the application of more realistic models gives the locations of areas where any antiparallel component occurs. Potential merging sites for interplanetary fields with radial components are also illustrated. The results suggest that the topology of the magnetosheath and magnetospheric fields provides antiparallel components over a substantial fraction of the magnetopause for most interplanetary field orientations.


Bamboo is generally stored in outside locations in wood based industries in our country. The storage period extends from a few weeks to about nine months. During this period the bamboo is attacked by various wood destroying organisms, it is believed that more than 20 per cent of it is destroyed during outdoor storage. Various chemical treatments have been suggested for controlling the decay in bamboo/wood during outdoor storage. The paper deals with the use of three cheap indigenous chemical preservatives for treatment of bamboo during outdoor storage for a period of twelve months. The economic feasibility of the treatment has also been discussed. The pentachlorophenate (Sodium Salt) was found to be most economical and effective.


To evaluate the current state of resource sharing and cooperative collection development, this paper examines the relationship between less commonly taught language collections (LCTL) and ILL services. The study examined multiple years of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign's resource-sharing data. This paper provides a historical narrative for the multilingual collections, collection development strategies, reference services, and outreach initiatives that reinforce and strengthen scholarly communication and resource sharing among academic libraries. The paper concludes by examining the feasibility of aggregating, or concentrating, collections of difficult-to-acquire, low-use materials at institutions that can provide service at a regional and/or national level.


Research objective: definition of discriminatory power of diagnostic criteria of borderline personality disorder (BPD). It is shown that the greatest diagnostic value has the diagnostic criteria of BPD № 5 (suicide and self-injurious behavior); № 4 (inadequately strong anger); № 7 (feeling of emptiness and boredom), № 2 (impulsiveness in potentially self-injurious areas). Interest to death and strong feelings at the sight of blood can be additional diagnostic criteria. The attachment of feeling of emptiness and boredom with suicide and self-injurious behavior is discussed. The attachment of feeling of emptiness and boredom with low tolerance to loneliness is discussed too.


To equitably compare the spatial pattern of ice microphysical processes produced by three microphysical parameterizations with each other, observations, and theory, simulations of tropical oceanic mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model were forced to develop the same mesoscale circulations as observations by assimilating radial velocity data from a Doppler radar. The same general layering of microphysical processes was found in observations and simulations with deposition anywhere above the 0°C level, aggregation at and above the 0°C level, melting at and below the 0°C level, and riming near the 0°C level. Thus, this study is consistent with the layered ice microphysical pattern portrayed in previous conceptual models and indicated by dual‐polarization radar data. Spatial variability of riming in the simulations suggests that riming in the midlevel inflow is related to convective‐scale vertical velocity perturbations. Finally, this study sheds light on limitations of current generally available bulk microphysical parameterizations. In each parameterization, the layers in which aggregation and riming took place were generally too thick and the frequency of riming was generally too high compared to the observations and theory. Additionally, none of the parameterizations produced similar details in every microphysical spatial pattern. Discrepancies in the patterns of microphysical processes between parameterizations likely factor into creating substantial differences in model reflectivity patterns. It is concluded that improved parameterizations of ice‐phase microphysics will be essential to obtain reliable, consistent model simulations of tropical oceanic MCSs.


The time evolution of spatial fluctuations in inhomogeneous $d$-dimensional biological systems is analyzed. A single species continuous growth model, in which the population disperses via diffusion and convection is considered. Time-independent environmental heterogeneities, such as a random distribution of nutrients or sunlight are modeled by quenched disorder in the growth rate. Linearization of this model of population dynamics shows that the fastest growing localized state dominates in a time proportional to a power of the logarithm of the system size. Using an analogy with a Schr\"odinger equation subject to a constant imaginary vector potential, we propose a delocalization transition for the steady state of the nonlinear problem at a critical convection threshold separating localized and extended states. In the limit of high convection velocity, the linearized growth problem in $d$ dimensions exhibits singular scaling behavior described by a $(d\ensuremath{-}1)$-dimensional generalization of the noisy Burgers' equation, with universal singularities in the density of states associated with disorder averaged eigenvalues near the band edge in the complex plane. The Burgers mapping leads to unusual transverse spreading of convecting delocalized populations.


Due to the integration of renewable energy systems into the power grid, converter-driven and resonance stability are becoming increasingly important. This has to be investigated either with accurate but computationally intensive models or via Power Hardware-in-the-Loop (PHiL) simulations. This paper proposes an enhanced Ideal Transformer Method that allows low-voltage power hardware to be integrated into arbitrary simulated voltage levels by introducing a virtual turns ratio. The results show that, by using stability-preserving low-pass filters, a flexible integration of hardware into simulated grids can be realized and thus real converter behavior can be integrated into arbitrary areas of interest while maintaining the closed-loop stability of the PHiL coupling.


Lifestyle disorders like unhealthy dietary habits, physical habits, disturbed sleep and rest patterns are the principal factors that cause many digestion related disease. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is also one such disease which occurs due to the ingestion of unwholesome diet causing disturbances in Agni. According to Ayurvedic science, this disease can be considered as a Grahani roga. So we may consider IBS as Grahani roga. Various herbal medications and panchakarma (biopurification) procedures are described in the treatment of Grahani roga though there is no reliable medical treatment for IBS in modern medicine; various efforts have been made to overcome this problem by the virtue of Ayurvedic therapy. The present study was done to assess the efficacy of Panchmooladya choorna with Takra(buttermilk) as anupan in Group A(10Patients) and Group B(10Patients)with luke warm water as anupan in management of Grahani roga in total of 20patients.The results of therapy were assessed by various parameters after 1month with follow up of 15days.The result concluded that Panchmooladya choorna with Takra as anupan reduced the symptoms of Grahani rog as compared to Group B.


The character of the proper refinement of the elements (mesh) around the boundary is studied. It is shown that it is possible to obtain the highest (optimal) rate of convergence by this refinement.


In [1] Myhill gave a system K in which much of the classical theory of rational and real numbers could be carried out but which was nevertheless complete; this was achieved by sacrificing the notions of negation and universal quantification and introducing instead the ancestral as a primitive idea. He mentioned two ways of dealing with real numbers in K; the first was to use the half-section corresponding to x, i.e. the class of rationals r satisfying r ≤, x; the second was to use the whole-section corresponding to x, i.e. the relation between rationals r, s which holds when r ≤ x and x ≤ s. In [2] he proved various theorems about the relation between these two forms of definition. In particular he proved that every bounded class of half-sections definable in K has a least bound definable in K. In a footnote he said, 'This theorem risks triviality because it is doubtful whether there exists such a bounded class.' We show in this note that this is the case; in fact there are not even any definable classes consisting entirely of classes of rationals. It is not difficult to see how this happens; since K has no negation, any statement matrix A (α) defining a class of classes of sequences is satisfied by α = V, where V is the class of all sequences. Thus there are no classes which consist entirely of half-sections. The same is true for whole-sections, showing that Conjecture I of [1], viz. 'Not every bounded class of whole-sections definable in K has a least bound definable in K', is trivially false. Since it may be of some intrinsic interest, we give below a more complete description of the classes of classes of sequences which are definable in K (or rather in K1 see below) than is necessary merely in order to prove the above assertion.


This thesis explores new ways of utilizing the information existing in word lattices produced by speech recognition systems to improve the accuracy of the recognition output and obtain a more perspicuous representation of a set of alternative hypotheses. We change the standard problem formulation of searching among a large set of sentence hypotheses to a local search in a small set of word candidates. Our approach replaces sentence-level posterior probabilities with word-level posteriors as the objective function for speech recognition, corresponding to the word-based error metric commonly used. The core of the method is a clustering procedure that identifies mutually supporting and competing word hypotheses in a lattice, constructing a total order over all word hypotheses. Together with word posterior probabilities computed from recognizer scores, this allows an efficient extraction of the hypothesis that is expected to minimize the word error rate. Our approach thus overcomes the mismatch between the word-based performance metric and the standard MAP scoring paradigm which is sentence-based, that can lead to sub-optimal recognition results. We also show that our method can be used as an efficient lattice compression technique. Its success comes from the ability to discard links with low a posteriori probability and recombine the remaining ones to create a new set of hypotheses. Experiments on the Switchboard corpus and Broadcast News show that this approach results in significant word error rate reductions, both over the standard MAP approach and compared to a previous word error minimization technique based on N-best lists. We also report significant decrease in lattice size when compared with the conventionally used technique. In essence, our method is an estimator of word posterior probabilities, and as such could benefit a number of other tasks like word spotting and confidence annotation.


The half-lives of endogenous and exogenous (biosynthetic monomeric) GH were compared in the morning and evening in healthy young men (n = 10). In group A, a bolus of GHRH was injected either at 0800 or at 2000 h, whereas in group B hGH was injected iv after suppression of endogenous GH by somatostatin. GH was sampled every 10 min and the t1/2 for GH was determined by deconvolution analysis (two compartments). The GH elimination half-life was shorter in the morning: for endogenous GH, t1/2 was 23 +/- 1.1 min (mean +/- SE) in the morning compared to 26 +/- 1.7 min in the evening (P < 0.02). T1/2 correlated negatively with estradiol (r = -0.78; P < 0.01) and positively with sex hormone-binding globulin (r = 0.71; P < 0.03). The half-life of exogenous 22-kilodalton GH was shorter compared to endogenous GH (P < 0.002), and diurnal variation was even more pronounced: t1/2 was 14 +/- 1.0 min in the morning and 19 +/- 1.0 min in the evening (P < 0.01). These effects were not due to differences in GH distribution volumes. The half-life of exogenous GH was significantly affected by weight (r = -0.8; P < 0.01) and height (r = 0.67; P < 0.05). We conclude that in young males, the rate of GH disappearance from the circulation depends on both diurnal mechanisms as well as the source or structural composition of the hormone. Body size and sex steroids contribute to the variability of GH clearance in healthy man.


The thesis describes and analyses, within a framework of qualitative
market development theory, the development of the Secondary Market in
the bank debts of less developed countries. A survey of market
participants is presented and analysed. The theory of financial market
efficiency is assessed, and secondary market price data is used to test
the theory in the secondary market context.
Market-based debt reduction is described in theory and in practice, with
a qualitative and quantitative assessment of the Brady Initiative.
Simulations and sensitivity analysis of the likely effect on debt
servicing ability for the first three beneficiaries of Brady debt
restructuring are presented. Suggestions for further research are
presented in the concluding chapter.


This paper presents an original method: (i) to estimate thermophysical properties (heat capacity C and thermal condictivity K) and (ii) to experimentally validate heat source estimations. The method, called Thermal Field Measurements (TFM), is based on infrared thermal observations during cooling experiments in a same experimental setup. Results obtained with this method are in good agreement with other resutls published in literature. Only the homogeneous case is presented in this paper but a 1D heterogeneous case will also be presented in the conference.


To evaluate the temperature profile and fuel integrity parameters, the fuel performance codes need an accurate radial power distribution within the fuel rod. The spatial variation of isotopic contents in a fuel rod has to be taken into account in order to compute reliable radial power distributions. For that purpose, the micro-depletion, spatial dependent resonance self-shielding and multi-ring flux solver became the necessary modules in any modern lattice code. In 1996, C. C. Stoker and Z. J. Weiss proposed a method by which shielded resonance cross sections can be generated for any number of concentric rings in a fuel pin using pre-tabulated resonance integrals [1]. Combining their idea and the conventional method widely employed in LWR lattice physics codes such as PHOENIX-P [2], the spatially dependent Dancoff method (SDDM) was newly developed as the generalization of the conventional Dancoff method. SDDM method is described in Ref. [3]. In this paper we will extend SDDM to take into account the temperature profile in the fuel rod. In the conventional lattice physics codes, a fuel lump has usually been treated as one resonant region with a flat temperature profile. This flat temperature is usually referenced as the effective temperature that can reproduce the reaction rates of multi-ring with temperature profile. With the new enhancement of SDDM we will be able to predict the spatial power within a fuel rod considering the variation of isotopic contents, the spatial dependent self-shielding and the temperature profile within the rod.


The article analyzes recent trends in the business history of Russia and its interrelations with mainstream business history. The authors explore the extent to which the business history of Russia can contribute to the development of the discipline. To do so, they use an "alternative business history" framework. They argue that Russian business history is a disciplinary hybrid. As such, it can reasonably be considered as an interesting testing ground for business history, which seems to be searching for a new identity among history, economics, and organizational and managerial studies. In addition, Russian business history still has considerable potential for providing new voices and stories and for contributing to international debates and a more nuanced understanding of the relationship between enterprise, state, and society.


The equitable distribution of public health facilities is a major concern of urban planners. Previous studies have explored the balance and fairness of various medical resource distributions using the accessibility of in-demand public medical service facilities while ignoring the differences in the supply of public medical service facilities. First aid data with location information and patient preference information can reflect the ability of each hospital and the health inequities in cities. Determining which factors affect the measured differences in public medical service facilities and how to alter these factors will help researchers formulate targeted policies to solve the current resource-balance situation of the Ministry of Public Health. In this study, we propose a method to measure the differences in influence among hospitals based on actual medical behavior and use geographically weighted regression (GWR) to analyze the spatial correlations among the location, medical equipment, medical ability, and influencing factors of each hospital. The results show that Wuhan presents obvious health inequality, with the high-grade hospitals having spatial agglomeration in the city-center area, while the number and quality of hospitals in the peripheral areas are lower than those in the central area; thus, the hospitals in these peripheral areas need to be further improved. The method used in this study can measure differences in the influence of public medical service facilities, and the results are consistent with the measured differences at hospital level. Hospital influence is not only related to the equipment and medical ability of each hospital but is also affected by location factors. This method illustrates the necessity of conducting more empirical research on the public medical service supply to provide a scientific basis for formulating targeted policies from a new perspective.


Chalcogenide glasses reveal characteristic optoelectronic properties. The photon effects, i.e. photoinduced effects in the other term, are of particular interest from the viewpoint of fundamental science and modern applications. Current understandings of photon effects, e.g. the photodarkening (PD), the photoinduced volume expansion (PVE), and the photoinduced defect creation (PDC), are briefly reviewed. In particular, through the in-situ and simultaneous measurements of these effects, we will discuss direct relation among these PD, PVE, and PDC.


Abstract : A ray-fixed coordinate system is introduced and used to derive a new, compact form of the dyadic diffraction coefficient for an electromagnetic wave incident on a perfectly-conducting wedge. This diffraction coefficient is merely the sum of two dyads; furthermore, with the use of simple correction factors which have the same form for plane, cylindrical, conical or spherical waves incident on the edge, the dyadic diffraction coefficient is valid in the transition regions of the shadow and reflection boundaries.


In this comment I argue that although I think that secularism properly understood is the best constitutional arrangement for keeping peace in multicultural and religiously pluralistic societies, nevertheless the Grand Chamber judgement rightly overruled the Chamber in Lautsi v. Italy. In view of the subsidiary nature of its jurisdiction and the diversity of constitutional arrangements throughout Europe, it is not for the European Court of Human Rights to erase the cultural and religious traditions of the contracting states and to force them into a conception of secularism that they did not choose.


The mission of the protection of cultural heritage should be done in a scientific way,but in some areas,the(mission) of the cultural heritage is only focused on the development-oriented practice for economic benefits and the sustainable development of culture neglected.It is very difficult to reach a balance between the integrity of the cultural protection and development of the cultural heritage.It is also very hard to make a compromise between scholars of cultures who concentrates more on culture itself and officials of the areas who always emphasize the importance of the economy.The paradox is almost everywhere in China.The article tries to provide the tactical wisdom for workers and policy-makers of the cultural heritage protection through the analysis of the paradox of the development and protection of the cultural heritage.


In the present paper, a novel luminescence enamel glaze and its processing havebeen investigated. The luminescence material used was that based on SrO. nAI2O3doped with Eu2+, and Dy3+ ions. The influences of compositions of the basic glaze onthe luminescent effect were also discussed. The compositions, Al2O3, B2O3 and SrOfavor the luminescence and its afterglow of the luminous glazes. The analyses of XRDand SEM indicated that the crystals of luminescent materials are still present in theenamel glaze layer after sintering. The luminescent crystals contributed to the lumines- cence of the enamel glaze.With this new kind of luminous enamel glaze, some enamel products, such asenamel signboard, enamel ware, can be prepared,and their technical characteristics canmeet the requisitions of Chinese Standard GB/T 1855-93, the luminescence afterglowwill be over 12 hours.


Tracing back to Adam Smith, scholars have emphasised the importance of knowledge and its profound implications for prosperity. However, measuring and analysing something as intangible and multifaceted as the knowledge collectively held and used within society has, not surprisingly, proved challenging. This thesis advances quantitative empirical approaches for analysing productive knowledge within socio-economic systems and applies these methodologies to shed new light on (i) long run regional development and structural change (ii) labour market segregation and job switching, and (iii) the transition to the green economy. This thesis shows that across a range of different contexts, from US regional development in the 19th century to modern-day labour markets, what places and people know matters. Measuring the type of knowledge concentrated in US states sheds new light on structural change, the decline of rust-belt states, and the reversal of patterns in income convergence. Similarly, measuring the type of knowledge held by individual workers in different occupations provides new insights on the division of labour, job transitions and future career prospects. Moreover, measuring the type of knowledge embedded within countries turns out to be particularly informative of a nation's likelihood of success in the green economy – and its potential for green diversification in the future. This thesis also reveals distinct segregation in societal knowledge across places and people. Such divisions could matter more than we realise. For example, the segregation of productive knowledge across US states could play a role in undermining the nation's capacity for inclusive growth. The segregation of skills and productive capabilities across the US labour force could exacerbate the distributional consequences of labour market shocks. And moreover, the segregation across nations' capacities to both participate and benefit from the transition to the green economy could slow or even create barriers to progressing one of the most important socio-economic transitions of our time. While this thesis has advanced new ways to identify these divisions in knowledge, further work is required to better understand their implications -- and what can be done. Finally, this thesis suggests that future improvements in what places and people know will need to become less incremental and more transformational, if we are to successfully address the 'twin challenges' of poverty alleviation and climate change in the 21st century. Learning how to both navigate and drive the process of transformational change in productive capabilities could be the type of knowledge that matters more than anything else.


firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract In accounting there are rules that must be obeyed, because in accounting there are rules that must be applied and obeyed properly by everyone. Such unethical behavior can result in the emergence of fraud in implementing accounting rules. This study aims to examine the effect of internal control, compliance with accounting rules on the tendency of accounting fraud (fraud) with unethical behavior as an intervening variable at the Bukittinggi City Finance Agency. This study uses primary data obtained by giving questionnaires directly to respondents, employees of the Bukittinggi city financial agency. Data analysis in this study used validity test, reliability test, classical assumption test (data normality test, multicollinearity test, and heteroscedasticity test), multiple linear regression analysis. Determinant coefficient (r²), partial regression coefficient (t test), regression coefficient. Together (f test) and path analysis. The overall data analysis. Using SPSS statistical software 25. The results of this study conclude that there is a positive and significant effect of internal control on the tendency of accounting fraud (fraud), there is a positive and significant effect of accounting rule compliance on the tendency of accounting fraud (fraud), there is a positive and significant effect of Internal Control on unethical behavior, there is a negative and significant effect of obedience to accounting rules on unethical behavior, there is a positive and significant influence of unethical behavior on the tendency of accounting fraud (fraud), the influence of internal control on the tendency of accounting fraud (fraud), with unethical behavior that occurs in accounting to limit the emergence of fraud in


This study focused on the diffusion and mixing phenomena investigated by using luminol chemiluminescence (CL) to estimate the local chemical reaction rate in the T-junction microchannel. Generally, the degree of mixing in microchannel is calculated by the deviation of the obtained concentration profiles from the uniform concentration profile by using fluorescence technique. Thus, the degree of mixing is a macroscopic estimate for the whole microchannel, which is inappropriate for understanding the diffusion and mixing phenomena in the mixing layer. In this study, the luminol CL reaction is applied to visualize the local chemical reaction and to estimate the local diffusion and mixing phenomena at an interface between two liquids in microchannel. Luminol emits blue chemiluminescence when it reacts with the hydrogen peroxide at the mixing layer. Experiments were carried out on the T-junction microchannel with 200 microns in width and 50 microns in depth casted in the PDMS chip. The chemiluminescence intensity profiles clearly show the mixing layer at an interface between two liquids. The experimental results are compared with the results of numerical simulation that involves solving the mass transport equations including the chemical reaction term. By calibrating CL intensity to the chemical reaction rate estimated by the numerical simulation, the local chemical reaction profile can be quantitatively estimated from the CL intensity profile.Copyright © 2013 by ASME


Proponents of the view that marriage by purchase existed in ancient Israel point, in affirmation of their thesis, to Ruth 4:10, "And also Ruth the Moabitess, wife of Mahlon, קניתי to be my wife." Specifically, they point to the use of the verb קנה. In the Bible, when not in connection with God or wisdom (the latter exclusively in Proverbs), it implies purchase. Basing themselves on the passage in Ruth, such lexicographers as Gesenius — Buhl and Koehler — Baumgartner list "eine Frau kaufen" or "purchase to be one's wife" as one of the meanings of the verb קנה.


We report on a new polyfluorene derivative containing a spiroanthracenefluorene unit with a remote C-10 position that provides facile substitution of alkyl groups. An ethylhexyl group was introduced into the spiroanthracenefluorene unit and the ethylhexyl-substituted spiroanthracenefluorene was polymerized via an Ni(0)-mediated polymerization. The polymer showed a high spectral stability with respect to heat treatment, UV irradiation, and high current passage. A light-emitting device based on this polymer showed an emission in a deep blue region with CIE color coordinates of x
 = 0.17 and y
 = 0.12.


Bats are the only mammals capable of powered flight, and impress with complicated aerial maneuvers like tight turns, hovering, or perching upside-down. The bat wing membrane is covered with microscopically small hairs that are associated with a variety of tactile receptors at the follicle. The directionality profile of neuronal responses to air flow—as measured in the somatosensory cortex of the bats—indicates that the hairs respond strongest to reverse airflow, and might therefore act as stall detectors. We found that depilation of different functional regions of the wing membrane alters flight behavior in obstacle avoidance tasks by reducing aerial maneuverability, as indicated by wider turning angles and increased flight speed. We provide here for the first time electrophysiological and behavioral data showing that bat wing hairs are involved in sensorimotor flight control by providing aerodynamic feedback.


This study uses archival data, observations, and focus groups to better understand strategic repositioning in the service supply chain. The strategic management theory, resource based view theory and social exchange theory are used to develop a conceptual framework. The study attempts to answer three research questions concerning Blockbuster, Inc.: What is the role of technology innovation? How does strategic repositioning apply? What is the role of strategic alliances? A discussion and implications of the study are offered.


This invention discloses a wireless water-level monitor system including a front water-level emission end and a receiving part of an accusation center, in which, the front water-level emission end includes a water-level collection device and a radio emission device to read real time water-level data collected by the collection device to a real time database and a backup database to process and display them. This invention can realize remote wireless transmission, display and alarm of water level and make charts and store data of water level.


The R* composite linguistic model for the Fuzzy-State-Fuzzy-Output Finite State Machine (FSFO FSM) is discussed. The FSFO FSM is implemented by a Boolean FSM based on two-valued logic. A systematic method is suggested to design the state transients of the FSFO FSM by means of a specified sequence of changes at the fuzzy inputs and outputs. Reprogrammable architectures have been gaining ground to meet the demands of a broad variety of applications. Two alternatives are considered; one is based on ASIC technology and programmable and erasable logic devices, the other is based on FPGAs with static RAM.


OBJECTIVE
Our aim was to review our experience with renal biopsy in pregnancy.

STUDY DESIGN
We reviewed 18 renal biopsies performed during pregnancy or in the immediate postpartum period at the University of North Carolina. Indications, histopathologic findings, complications, and neonatal outcome were reviewed for each case.

RESULTS
Fifteen patients underwent biopsy during the antepartum period and 3 in the postpartum period. Only 5 patients had the classic histopathologic preeclamptic lesion glomeruloendotheliosis confirmed. There were 7 identifiable renal hematomas after biopsy; 2 patients required blood transfusion. There were 4 intrauterine fetal deaths in this series; it is presumed that none were a result of the biopsy.

CONCLUSION
Renal biopsy in pregnancy is a morbid procedure and should be considered only if it offers the opportunity to make a diagnosis other than severe preeclampsia in a patient remote from term.


Income distribution and economic growth has been the focus of research in economics, is one of the largest and most complex problem areas exist, it has not formed a mature convincing research results. Especially in the case of transition of some special factors continue to produce new effects on income distribution and it lags behind the reality of the changes of the overall allocation theory. Therefore, the combination of China's real economic growth on income distribution system analysis is urgent and necessary.


As sports medicine and health care professionals we have a responsibility to promote health and well-being in all the athletes we treat. The child or adolescent athlete who struggles with one or more aspects of the female athlete triad (Triad) may be at particular risk. This condition occurs on a spectrum and includes three interrelated components: energy availability, menstrual regularity and bone density. The domains of healthy nutrition, exercise and well-being form a cohesive foundation for skill development and may prevent development of the Triad interrelated aspects. By developing specific skills in each area, a younger athlete can earn a "safety badge" for safe sports participation which supports resilience and balance. Specific guidelines and expectations for the athlete in these three areas are outlined and can improve communication and treatment outcomes. Helping the athlete and family understand the importance of skill acquisition in these areas will promote treatment cohesion. Prevention thro...


We propose an output feedback controller for a class of feedforward nonlinear systems under sensor noise. The sensor noise is any signal whose DC component is finite, which covers not only deterministic signals but also random signals including many practical noises. We introduce a notion of virtual state, then propose a measurement output feedback controller that utilizes a gain scaling factor. The gain scaling factor is commonly employed by the observer and controller. Through analysis, we show that all system states and output remain to be bounded in the presence of sensor noise, and the bound of states except output can be made arbitrarily small. Moreover, if the DC component of sensor noise is zero, the ultimate bound of the states and output can be made arbitrarily small by increasing the gain scaling factor in the presence of sensor noise. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Childhood enuresis is a common occurrence, affecting 7-20% of children[1, 2]. While more frequently cases of enuresis have ties to behavioral, psychiatric[3] and genetic[4] predispositions, less common causes, including neurologic conditions, should not be overlooked. Given the association of neurologic problems with enuresis, the importance of thorough neurologic evaluation cannot be underestimated, as findings could suggest a neurologic etiology, particularly in cases refractory to traditional management.

We present three pediatric cases of enuresis related to neurologic disorders in order to illustrate the importance of a high index of suspicion for neurological causes and a thorough neurologic history and examination in the evaluation of enuresis.

In the cases presented, while all underlying diagnoses were promptly recognized by specialists, symptoms and signs were overlooked during general examination by nonspecialist.


The paper presents the results of CFD-calculations of a centrifugal compressor stage with a high-pressure 3D impeller and a vaneless diffuser. The stage was designed by Prof. A. M. Simonov in the Problem Laboratory of Compressor LPI according to the following design parameters: flow rate coefficient 0.080, loading factor 0.74, and the relative Mach number 0.78. Two design grids were used: 2.4 and 4.4 million cells for the sector with one blade. The entire stage was calculated with a sparser grid. Special "Stage" interface conditions are used to interface the gas-dynamic parameters at the boundary regions. The SST turbulence model was used in the calculations. The results of efficiency characteristics and work coefficient comparison showed the following: in design flow rate all three variants of the calculation overstate the loading factor by 14.3%; the calculated characteristics of polytrophic work coefficient in the staging of 360 degrees are closest to the experimental characteristics, but the absolute value is greater than 12% at a flow rate coefficient of 0.085; the maximum calculated efficiency of a stage (the circle of 360 degrees) is almost equal to the measured maximum efficiency.


This is an important book, part of the Palgrave Macmillan "Islam and Nationalism" series, addressing a much-neglected subject. Conversion to and from one faith to another is an extremely sensitive,...


A laboratory-scale permeable biobarrier exhibited high removal efficiencies of benzene at inlet concentrations of 0.4 to 35.1 mg/L and with a limited supply of dissolved oxygen. The supplied oxygen was less than the demand for a complete aerobic oxidation of benzene. Stainless steel pieces or granulated peat moss were used as packing material for microbial support in the biobarrier. Removal efficiencies ranged from 63.9% to 99.9% in the stainless steel-packed biobarrier and from 70.4% to 97.2% in the peat moss-packed biobarrier, while benzene elimination rate changed from 0.2 to 10.4 mg/L-d and from 0.1 to 3.7 mg/L-d in the two biobarriers, respectively. The consumption of sulfate and the presence of sulfate-reducing bacteria suggested the contribution of anaerobic metabolism in the biodegradation of benzene. The biodegradation of benzene under microaerophilic conditions (defined as dissolved oxygen concentrations <2 mg/L) was demonstrated during independent batch experiments. The maximum specific rate of benzene biodegradation with concentrations of 22.0 to 65.9 mg/L under microaero-philic conditions was 2.6 mg/mg biomass-d.


The main performance of polycarboxylates KJ-JS high performance water-reducing admixture and the formula,strength,durability of C20~C100 high performance concrete(HPC) is recommended.The KJ-JS has already succeeded in the application in highrailway engineering for 500 000 m3 C15~C50HPC,such as WuGuang HighRailway Line,Guangzhou New Station and the Bridge of BaiMa River of WenFu Railway.According to the engineering experiences,it has some reference value for the high speed railway and others important engineering HPC which used the high performance water-reducing admixture.


What is the essence of human development and why is it important? Seeta Prabhu and Sandhya Iyer in the book titled 'Human Development in an Unequal World' provide answers to these two questions in an extremely lucid manner. They very ably deconstruct the codified narratives that have evolved around the concept of human development over the years. The human development paradigm has deeply influenced development thinking and policy over the past three decades. The essence of the idea is captured in the opening sentence of the first Human Development Report published by the United Nations Development Programme in 1990: 'People are the real wealth of a nation.' The focus on expanding freedoms, enhancing capabilities, increasing opportunities, ensuring social justice and assuring human rights has contributed to reducing deprivations and inequalities in the lives of millions of people across the world. It is not surprising that policy actions to promote human development have brought greater security and dignity especially to the lives of the disadvantaged in society. Against the backdrop of an unequal world, the nine chapters of the book and an epilogue discuss the concept of human development, the meaning of human flourishing and well-being, the measurement of human progress, the tensions between economic growth and human development, the significance of the social sectors in human development, the importance of focusing on deprivations and distribution, as well as gender and sustainability. Not to be overlooked are four annexures that offer critical reflections on values that have shaped contemporary approaches to development, discuss different development paradigms, trace women-centric explanations in various development approaches and reflect on setting a global agenda for an equitable world. The concept of human development builds on the work of Amartya Sen, who points out that gross domestic product or its expansion cannot be valued for its own sake. To quote Sen:


Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) hold promise for developing a variety of high‐performance (bio‐)electronic devices/circuits. While OECTs based on p‐type semiconductors have achieved tremendous progress in recent years, n‐type OECTs still suffer from low performance, hampering the development of power‐efficient electronics. Here, it is demonstrated that fine‐tuning the molecular weight of the rigid, ladder‐type n‐type polymer poly(benzimidazobenzophenanthroline) (BBL) by only one order of magnitude (from 4.9 to 51 kDa) enables the development of n‐type OECTs with record‐high geometry‐normalized transconductance (gm,norm ≈ 11 S cm−1) and electron mobility × volumetric capacitance (µC* ≈ 26 F cm−1 V−1 s−1), fast temporal response (0.38 ms), and low threshold voltage (0.15 V). This enhancement in OECT performance is ascribed to a more efficient intermolecular charge transport in high‐molecular‐weight BBL than in the low‐molecular‐weight counterpart. OECT‐based complementary inverters are also demonstrated with record‐high voltage gains of up to 100 V V−1 and ultralow power consumption down to 0.32 nW, depending on the supply voltage. These devices are among the best sub‐1 V complementary inverters reported to date. These findings demonstrate the importance of molecular weight in optimizing the OECT performance of rigid organic mixed ionic–electronic conductors and open for a new generation of power‐efficient organic (bio‐)electronic devices.


Protein,carbohydrate and the lipid such as the typical complex system ingredients in food,besides the nutritional value of characteristic,there are a wealth of functional properties and greatly affects the food flavor characteristics.In this paper,the research progress of the typical food ingredients(protein,carbohydrate and the lipid) on the influence of food flavor is summarized.


This paper seeks to address the issue of multicultural education from the perspective of Christian education. The author argues that taking a multicultural perspective in the understanding and practice of Christian education is imperative not only in light of the socio-cultural changes caused by globalization and multiculturalization of our world but also in light of the central theological affirmations and confessions of faith that we make as Christians. Although the multicultural Christian education shares many of the assumptions and visions of multicultural education in public schools, the author presents a fundamentally different vision of multicultural education for Christians. The efforts of seeking cultural and political equality and affirmation of human diversity that define multicultural education are reinterpreted in terms of the Christian vision of restoring the wholeness of God's creation.


This paper econometrically compares the perceived marginal tax rates and the actually computed marginal tax rates and tries to find out if consumers could accurately perceive the marginal tax rates. Econometrically, the paper highlights that sample selectivity operates through unobservable elements and their correlation with unobservables influencing the variable of primary interest. Sample selection bias will not arise purely because of difference in observable characteristics. Although our paper is illustrative, it highlights the generality of the issue and its relevance to many economic examples


Most applied statistical analyses are
carried out under model uncertainty, meaning that the model which
generated the observations is unknown, and so the data are first
used to select one of a set of plausible models by means of some
selection criterion. Generally the data are then used to make
inferences about some quantity of interest, ignoring model
selection uncertainty, i.e. the fact that the selection step was
carried out using the same data, and despite the known fact that
this leads to invalid inferences. This thesis investigates several
issues relating to this problem from both the Bayesian and the
frequentist points of view, and offers new suggestions for dealing
with it. We examine Bayesian model averaging (BMA) and point out
that its frequentist performance is not always well-defined
because, in some cases, it is unclear whether BMA methodology is
truly Bayesian. We illustrate the point with a "fully Bayesian
model averaging" that is applicable when the quantity of interest
is parametric. We give a framework that reveals the complexity of
estimators constructed after model selection (post-model-selection
estimators) and study their properties in the context of linear
regression for a variety of selection procedures. We show that no
single model selection criterion dominates all the others in terms
of the risk function. Key ingredients of the problem are identified
and used to show that even consistent selection criteria do not
solve the model selection uncertainty problem. We also argue that
conditioning the analysis on the subset of the sample space that
led to a particular model being selected is incomplete. We consider
the problem in the frequentist framework. Although model averaging
and model selection are usually regarded as two quite distinct
approaches, we propose viewing the latter as a special case of
model averaging, in which the (random) weights take on the value 1
for the selected model, and 0 to all the others. From this point of
view, and since optimal weights cannot be determined in practice,
neither of the above approaches can be expected to consistently
outperform the other. It also leads us to propose alternative
weights for the averaging that are designed to improve on
post-model-selection estimation. The key point is to take account
of the selection procedure in determining the weights. We compare
the different methods for some simple cases (linear regression and
estimation of proportions). We illustrate that bootstrap does not
provide good estimators of the properties of post-model-selection
estimators. Returning to the Bayesian approach we point out that,
as long as the analysis is conditional on data, model selection
uncertainty is not an issue, only model uncertainty matters.
However, if one is interested in assessing the frequentist
properties of Bayesian post-model-selection estimators, the
situation is analogous to that encountered in the frequentist
analysis. Here too we propose an alternative to standard BMA,
namely one in which the weights depend on the models selection
probabilities, thereby taking account of the selection procedure.
We also point out that the properties of model averaging or
post-model-selection estimators can only be derived under an
assumed true model. However, under such an assumption, one would
simply use that model without applying model selection or model
averaging. It is this circularity that makes the problem so
difficult to deal with. Traditional exploratory frequentist data
analysis and model building can be viewed as informal model
selection in which the precise selection procedure is difficult to
reconstruct, which makes it especially difficult to perform valid
inference. Therefore, almost any (frequentist) data analysis is
subject to model selection uncertainty. Without entering the debate
on the relative merits of frequentist and Bayesian methods, we
point out that, to avoid model selection uncertainty, Bayesian
methods are preferable as long as the frequentist properties of the
resulting estimator are not of interest.


In order to educate students to conduct their research properly with high quality, Faculty of Computing of UTM has established the program for the PhD information system (IS) students. Supervisors and lecturers as one of the members of this community rely only on their pervious teaching/supervising background and this is not a good point in this fast growing knowledge sharing era. On the other hand, students who are involved in this program need the specific knowledge to conduct their research with high quality and this knowledge should be prepared for them by program's head in the well-organized manner. These conditions will limit the quality of this program. Knowing the kind of knowledge and the actual placement of it in this program as well as the method of capturing, using and improvement of it are also crucial issues. In order to gain such kind of understanding, knowledge audit (KA) is the key. This paper presents the results of conducting knowledge audit among this PhD IS community. To capture the knowledge researcher used both interview (for supervisors and lecturers) and questionnaire (for students only). Among 75 active students the questionnaire was distributed only to 50 students and 5 experts lecturers were selected for interview. The results are presented based on the main components of knowledge audit which are knowledge needs, knowledge resources and location and knowledge flow, and also knowledge sharing analysis respectively. The results shows that almost 60% of required knowledge is available within university and based on it knowledge directory was proposed. Based on the missed knowledge author prepared recommendations for faculty to take care and prepare it as fast as possible.