MATLAB and the Image Processing Toolbox provide a wide range of advanced image processing functions and interactive tools for enhancing and analyzing digital images. The interactive tools allowed us to perform spatial image transformations, morphological operations such as edge detection and noise removal, region-of-interest processing, filtering, basic statistics, curve fitting, FFT, DCT and Radon Transform. Making graphics objects semitransparent is a useful technique in 3-D visualization which furnishes more information about spatial relationships of different structures. The toolbox functions implemented in the open MATLAB language has also been used to develop the customized algorithms.


Objective To assess the influence of variable factors such as the size of the airway and the CT imaging parameters such as the reconstruction kernel, field-of-view (FOV), and slice thickness on the automatic measurement of airway dimension. Materials and Methods An airway phantom was fabricated that contained eleven poly-acryl tubes of various lumen diameters and wall thicknesses. The measured density of the poly-acryl wall was 150 HU, and the measured density of the airspace filled with polyurethane foam was -900 HU. CT images were obtained using a 16-MDCT (multidetector CT) scanner and were reconstructed with various reconstruction kernels, thicknesses and FOV. The luminal radius and wall thickness were measured using in-house software based on the full-width-half-maximum method. The measured values as determined by CT and the actual dimensions of the tubes were compared. Results Measurements were most accurate on images reconstructed with use of a standard kernel (mean error: -0.03 ± 0.21 mm for wall thickness and -0.12 ± 0.11 mm for the luminal radius). There was no significant difference in accuracy among images with the use of variable slice thicknesses or a variable FOV. Below a 1-mm threshold, the measurement failed to represent the change of the real dimensions. Conclusion Measurement accuracy was strongly influenced by the specific reconstruction kernel utilized. For accurate measurement, standardization of the imaging protocol and selection of the appropriate anatomic level are essential.


In order to assess transverse elastic modulus of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin films, we used a nanoindenter with constant monitoring of the force. It is shown that the true elastic modulus, i.e., the low pressure elastic modulus, can be measured by this method. This permitted a determination that sputter deposited PZT (54∕46) films display a Young modulus close to a ferroelectric hard type PZT bulk ceramic. Moreover, this low pressure modulus is independent of grain size and thickness of the film, but this is no more true for high pressure modulus. This provides a step toward a better understanding of the properties of these PZT films and the possibility to better use them in microsystems.


The paper introduced briefly to the meaning and necessity of cash flow,its function in an electric power enterprise,and also analyzed the harm caused by imperfect management of cash flow to an enterprise,discussed the detail goals for an enterprise to manage cash flow and some measures to implement.


Providing education for nomadic populations is a pressing challenge for nation states that have signed up to the international commitment to Education For All, and hope to achieve the Millennium Development Goal for primary education. Education has long been associated with modernization, development and 'progress: and India made a constitutional pledge to universalise elementary education in 1950. With these policy commitments in view, this paper presents a case study of how the transhumant Rabaris of Kutch in Western India construct 'progress' in relation to schooling and community governance. It identifies development policies that are unfriendly to transhumant pastoralists as a key catalyst for the demand for formal schooling among Rabaris. Community leaders are also using schooling as an instrument in efforts to 'modernize' their constituency. But in all of this, education in its broadest sense has been commuted to schooling, and further to a particular model of mainstream, sedentary schooling. The lack of state action in considering alternatives ensures that this model becomes the 'default' education option, and so schooling provided by the state contributes to a delegitimization of the mobile way of life, and pits pastoralism and education as mutually incompatible.


Fatigue tests were carried out on a shipbuilding-grade rolled steel, prestrained to various degrees up to 85% of its static tensile fracture strain. It is observed that prestraining degrades the fatigue life in the domain of low-cycle fatigue, but this effect is not apparent in the medium-to-high cycle fatigue regime. A set of equations has been developed to assess the behaviour of tensile prestrained materials for the entire range from low-to-high cycle fatigue. The data acquired in this study validate the authenticity of these formulae sufficiently well.


This paper presents classification accuracy of neural network with principal component analysis (PCA) for feature selections in emotion recognition using facial expressions. Dimensionality reduction of a feature set is a common preprocessing step used for pattern recognition and classification applications. PCA is one of the popular methods used, and can be shown to be optimal using different optimality criteria. Experiment results, in which we achieved a recognition rate of approximately 85% when testing six emotions on benchmark image data set, show that neural networks with PCA is effective in emotion recognition using facial expressions. Keywords: emotion recognition, feature selection, neural network, PCA. 2000 MSC: 68T45, 97P20, 97R40, 68T45.


the harm and formation mechanism of crack in mass concrete structure were stated in the paper expatiates demonstrates the feasibility of preventing temperature crack.


Biometric watermarking refers to the incorporation of biometrics and watermarking technology. In this paper we proposed a novel biometrics watermarking scheme in the host as notice of legitimate. In the watermark embedding process, the wavelet coefficients of the host image are grouped into wavelet trees and each watermark bit is embedded using two trees. The trees are so quantized that they exhibit a large enough statistical difference, which will later be used for watermark extraction. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is effective and robust to common image processing operations and some geometric operations such as JPEG compression, JPEG2000 compression, Filtering, Adding Gaussian noise and row-column removal.


Measurements of current velocity field have a number of applications either in oceanography and geosciences. In order to study possibilities of spaceborne radars to retrieve mesoscale ocean current fields, ERS1/2 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images and raw data have been collected in the framework of the ESA A03 Project #219 Experimental Verification of the Method for Restoration Mesoscale Ocean Velocity Fields Using ERS SAR Data. The objective of the work is to understand ERS-1/2 SAR potential for measurement of ocean currents. Developed method of SAR raw data processing allows forming current velocity images of ocean. Obtained velocity sensibility corresponds its calculated value. This paper reports preliminary result obtained from processing and analysis of the ERS-2 SAR raw data as a step in the investigation of the ocean using spaceborne SAR.


paper we provide an account of the historical development of Polish and Russian sibilants. The arguments provided here are of theoretical interest because they show that (i) certain allophonic rules are driven by the need to keep contrasts perceptually distinct, (ii) (un- conditioned) sound changes result from needs of perceptual distinctiveness, and (iii) percept- ual distinctiveness can be extended to a class of consonants, i.e. the sibilants. The analysis is cast within Dispersion Theory, and we provide phonetic and typological data supporting the perceptual distinctivenss claims we make.


The systems of warning people about the fire play a key role in ensuring the safe evacuation of people. Often, on the objects of protection, the notification system is not properly serviced and controlled, which can eventually lead to the loss of its destination, and this is absolutely unacceptable. Timely diagnostics of such systems is an extremely important task during the operation of the protection facility, as the correct operation of the PAGA ensures the correctness of the evacuation operations and the preservation of people's lives. At the moment there is not a sufficiently informative operational method for determining the correctness of warning systems when exposed to external factors not associated with a fire. Electromagnetic interference, improper selection of equipment for operating conditions, errors in calculations, or factory failure are difficult to determine in the conditions of routine tests for compliance with fire safety standards. In this article, the existing methods of chain monitoring are considered, as well as a description of the devices and techniques for implementing instrumental monitoring of fire alarm systems for people about the impact on the main parameters of their operation of adverse phenomena arising in operating conditions.


A comparative study of pre-bond TSV test methodologies is presented in this paper. The study includes the impact of interconnect wires and I/O transmitter and receiver parameters on the sensitivities of the test methods. We study four classes of test methods. Simulation results provided show that two classes, ring-oscillator based [7], [8] and pulse-shrinking based method [15], are insensitive to open and short defects. We also show that there is a trade-off in using the other two methods. The sense-amplifier based method [12], [13], [19] is sensitive to open defects. However, it has limited sensitivity to leakage defects and has limitations in its use for high speed I/Os. On the other hand the pulse counting method [18], [14] is sensitive to both open and leakage defects and can be used for high speed I/Os, However, it consumes more power and requires more time for tests than the sense-amplifier based method. These results can be leveraged to identify usage guidelines for these methods.


The present invention minerals containing surface-modified spherical calcium carbonate spherical ball shape, a method for preparing a mineral containing the surface-modified spherical calcium carbonate spherical these ball-shaped, and to the use thereof .


Towards human motion intention recognition during active rehabilitation, a multi-channel suface electromyogram(sEMG) time series based human motion pattern recognition method is proposed. An evaluation method for sEMG signal waveform similarity is designed to select the features, which are coded by a 2D Kohonen self-organization mapping net(SOM) net to get feature series. At last, hidden Markov models(HMM) are built to describe the multi-channel sEMG time series features during each motion process, and then get recognition results based on maximum likelihood estimation method for multi-model synthesis decision. This method showed a good performance on real time and accuracy in the experiment: the treadmill, elliptical and walk training modes are identified by an accuracy of 91.67 %, while the classical linear and nonlinear methods showed accuracies of 72.5 % and 88.33 %.


ABSTRACT The ultrasonic nonlinear parameter is measured from the amplitudes of the harmonic frequency components generated during the propagation of ultrasonic waves in a material. There are two definitions for this parameter: absolute and relative. The absolute parameter is defined by the displacement amplitude; however, it is difficult to measure because of the very small displacement amplitude of the harmonic components. Conversely, the relative parameter is defined by the amplitude of the detected signal, regardless of displacement. Many researchers use the relative parameter because it is easier to measure, although it is only available for a relative comparison of different materials. However, it has not yet been verified that the ratio of the relative parameters between two materials is identical to that of the absolute parameters. In this study, we make it clear that the ratio of the relative parameters is inherently not identical to that of the absolute parameters, but that they can be identical to each other by compensating for material-dependent differences, such as detection-sensitivity and wavenumber. For verification, the absolute and relative parameters were measured for two different materials. The results showed that the ratios of absolute and relative parameters were in good agreement after compensation.


Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease is an autoimmune disorder involving melanocytes in the eye, ear, skin and meninges. We report a 35-year-old female who complained tinnitus, fluctuating hearing loss and vertigo following sudden onset of uveitis. Neurotological examinations revealed that these ear symptoms were of inner ear origin, and her clinical course resembled that of Meniere's disease. These clinical findings suggested that the dysfunction of the inner ear is caused by endolymphatic hydrops, which resulted from autoimmune response against melanocytes.


It is imperative to accurately predict the remaining useful life (RUL) of lithium-ion batteries to ensure the reliability and safety of related industries and facilities. In view of the noise sequence embedded in the measured aging data of lithium-ion batteries and the strong nonlinear characteristics of the aging process, this study proposes a method for predicting lithium-ion batteries' RUL based on the wavelet threshold denoising and transformer model. To specify, firstly, the wavelet threshold denoising method is adopted to preprocess the measured discharging capacity data of lithium-ion batteries to eliminate some noise signals. Second, based on the denoised data, the transformer model output's full connection layer is applied to replace the decoder layer for establishing the RUL prediction model of lithium-ion batteries. Finally, the discharging capacity of each charging–discharging cycle is predicted iteratively, and then the RUL of lithium-ion batteries can be calculated eventually. Two groups of lithium-ion batteries' aging data from the Center for Advanced Life Cycle Engineering (CALCE) at the University of Maryland and the laboratory at Anqing Normal University (AQNU) are employed to verify the proposed method, individually. The experimental results demonstrate that this method can overcome the impacts of data measurement noise, effectively predict the RUL of lithium-ion batteries, and present a sound generalization ability and high accuracy.


Periodico di Mineralogia (2011), 80, 1 (Special Issue), 123-134 - DOI: 10.2451/2011PM0010 Special Issue in memory of Sergio Lucchesi Laboratory parallel-beam transmission X-ray powder diffraction investigation of the thermal behavior of calcite: comparison with X-ray single-crystal and synchrotron powder diffraction data Paolo Ballirano Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Sapienza Universita degli Studi di Roma, Italy firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract Thermal behavior of calcite has been analyzed in the 303-1098 K thermal range by laboratory parallel-beam transmission X-ray powder diffraction. Present results provide a clear indication of the possibility to extract high-quality structural data from such instrumental set up. Such quality has been proved to be at the same level of a mid eighties X-ray single crystal investigation. Analysis of the spontaneous strain e 33 provides a critical exponent Β of 0.2499(5) consistent with the value of ¼ expected for a tricritical behavior. Structure refinements seemengly support the Ising model of disorder. Key words : high-temperature X-ray powder diffraction; Rietveld method; calcite; nitratine; order/disorder phase transition; spontaneous strain.


In this paper, a coagulant made from cinder of power plant mixed with a little FeSO4 and alum is introduced. A good treating result with this coagulant to remove Cr6+ in the electroplating waste water is obtained. The ratio of removing chromium is more than 99%.


Abstract : Competitive sourcing, formerly known as outsourcing, and privatization of key support activities has occurred or is underway on virtually every Air Force installation. The organizational make-up of fewer and fewer "blue suiters" represents the future of Air Force installations for the conceivable future. As the Air Force transitions to an Air Expeditionary Force, the effects of this new reality will begin to become clearer. Competitive sourcing and privatization resulted from declining military and civilian force structures, reduced Defense budgets caused by the changing world order, and the end of the Cold War. While the reason our service applies these tools is basically money, the continued implementation of them throughout the Air Force must be a very conscientious, deliberate process. If the tools are applied haphazardly, then a reemergence of the hollow force of the 1970's becomes a very real threat. Force modernization concerns, degrading infrastructures, high operations tempo, and personnel retention difficulties all point to potential serious issues for the Air Force.


Our country has all potential for development of an aquaculture as one of sectors of agriculture, due to a huge number of fresh water areas and the extended line of the seas. Vibriosis is a bacterial salmon disease, it is one of the reasons of the volumes of the fish which is grown up in a mariculture constraining increase. Modern trends on refusal of use in agriculture of antibiotic drugs, to creation of eco-friendly productions and decrease in economic expenses in fish breeding set a world task of use of biotechnology methods of protection of fishes against infectious diseases, in particular from vibriosis. In the present article results of designing of vaccine from domestic strains of vibrioes are provided. It is shown that immunization of fish antigens of the tested strains of vibrioes (Listonella anguillarum) in an inoculative dose 7x108 m.c. with adjuvant ensures safety of a livestock to 97%, does not cause allergic reactions, the host defense remains not less than 12 months.


Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is the formation of microvascular channels by cancer cells. VM requires cellular processes that are regulated by changes in cellular migration and morphology. Cofilin (CFL), a key regulator of actin depolymerization, has been reported to affect malignant phenotypes of cancer. We show that treatment with inhibitors of actin dynamics suppresses VM in MDA‐MB‐231 human breast cancer cells. We established CFL‐knockout (KO) MDA‐MB‐231 cells and found that VM was attenuated in CFL‐KO cells. Although the re‐expression of wild‐type CFL restored VM in CFL‐KO cells, inactive phosphomimetic CFL failed to do so. Collectively, our results demonstrate that CFL is a critical regulator of VM and implicate CFL as a novel therapeutic target for breast cancer.


A concept for smart pixels for opto-optical signal processing is presented and implementations of it are reported. It is shown that excellent performance in terms of speed, switching contrast, optical gain (fan-out), low optical and electrical energy dissipation per bit operation have been demonstrated and even enhanced performance is expected for the future. To our knowledge our smart pixels exhibit the lowest energy dissipation per bit operation.


The invention relates to an ecological protection method for rural surface water source through recycle and effective reduction of nitrogen and phosphor. The method is characterized by constructing a harmless collection and disposal system of domestic sewage, a recycling system for lost nutrients of non-point sources, a low-pollution water enhancement and purification system, which are all connected in series orderly. Specifically, the harmless collection and disposal system of domestic sewage includes an anaerobic filter wall and an aerobic filter wall, the recycling system for lost nutrients of non-point sources comprises an adlittoral oxidation pond and a deepwater oxidation pond, and the low-pollution water enhancement and purification system is resulted from reconstruction of presentpools or trenches through dense planting of different water plants. By utilizing the existing conditions, the construction of an ecological protection system for rural surface water source in line with local conditions can realize the recycle of the lost nutrients of non-point sources by recharging farmlands. And nutrients of nitrogen and phosphor penetrating into rural surface water sources can be reduced. With 35%-55% of water drained from rice fields reused and 25%-38% of nitrogen and phosphor nutrient loss reduced, the ecological protection method of the invention satisfies the requirements for ensuring the water quality safety of rural surface water sources.


In this contribution we present selected mathematical - statistical methods which are used to analyse oil field data from heavy off-road military vehicles. We apply selected regression functions for description of the oil additives degradation in time. This helps for creating the picture about the system - vehicle engine in our case - in service operation behaviour. We investigate the oil field data which are further explored. The oil contains pieces of information both about the engine oil degradation as well as about the engine deterioration. These characteristics are indicated when analysing oil quality using characteristics such as changed viscosity, decreasing additives like Mn, Si, Zn, etc. Other published approaches present wear and polluting particles in oil (e.g. particles such as Fe, Pb, Cu, etc. from engine wear). The novelty here is to providing picture of oil deterioration as inputs to change e.g. life cycle costing, policy of item maintenance, operation and mission planning of the system.


Introduction: Postoperative blood loss after prostate surgery is thought to be associated with an increase in urinary fibrinolytic activity. We investigated the effects of the local dilution of fibrinolytic agents with manual irrigation on postoperative bleeding after the transurethral resection of the prostate (TUR-P). Materials and methods: Between April 2017 and April 2021, 128 patients were prospectively randomised into two equal groups. Monopolar TUR-P was applied to all patients for benign prostatic hyperplasia, but post procedure manual irrigation was used in group 2 only. Haemoglobin levels were evaluated before and after TUR-P. Intra-op and post operative bleeding, amount of saline used for irrigation, duration of catheterisation and length of hospital stay were noted. The patients were followed up 1 month after the TUR-P. Results: The resected adenoma weight was 12.64 g in group 1 and 13.11 g in group 2. There was no difference between groups 1 and 2 in terms of haemoglobin loss and total blood loss within the first 24 h after TUR-P, which were 0.82 g and 0.95 g (P = 0.443) and 90.45 mL and 67.80 mL (P = 0.102), respectively. There was also no significant difference between the groups in the saline volume used for irrigation (19 vs. 17.3 L), catheter duration and hospital stay (2.6 vs. 2.6 days). Conclusions: We could not show the positive effects of manual irrigation on bleeding complications after TUR-P, though it is a simple and safe-seeming procedure with no specific operative technique.


The research work is an attempt to analyse from both perspective of geography viz. the physical portion where we determine the channel pattern and measuring the shifting course of Dhalai river as well as in the social portion where we compare the changing land use pattern of last few decades through 16 cross section of Kamalpur town and Halhuli Village. The study area is situated in the extreme northern part of Dhalai District and also the state of Tripura. For assessment of the morphometric change mainly the channel pattern and channel shifting, we used Sinuosity index, Braiding Index and also calculate the percentage of area had already being shifted from 1970 to 2015. On the other hand, the changing land use pattern along the river had been analysed by creating diagram based on some cross section and represent the relation of land use pattern with the elevation. The result of this research is positively related to each other from its both perspectives. Basically the entire research work is based on secondary source of data from different sectors and Google earth along with door to door survey, GPRS reading and selection of study area through ground observation.


It was because of the worldwide lockdown, the COVID-19 had quite a significant impact on corporate organizations as well as the lives of millions of people. It had an impact on the supply chain as well. The impact of the COVID-19 period on educational systems and institutions was studied in this study. The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the research conducted on primary school teachers working in private schools in remote areas of Pakistan. The research is based on quantitative analysis. The population of this study was 120 students from the education department of university students. The technique was simple and convenient because due to pandemics, it was not possible to collect data from individuals; data were collected through Google form. The results of this study articulated the challenges like lack of internet access, lack of administrative assistance and cooperation in Monterey terms, Parents complete absence in their children studies. This study recommends that government should work on the private teachers in terms of incentives and professional development and take action for their professional development in remote areas.


It introduces the working law of high performance concrete,deeply discusses unit water using amount,aggregate,sand rate,admixture,superplasticizer and other factors that influence its working laws,which provides a technical reference for the making of high performance concrete.


This study aims to describe the strategy of Islamic boarding schools in maintaining the Madurese language. The object of this research is the Syekh Abdul Qadir Jailani Islamic Boarding School which is located in Belimbing Village, Besuki District, Situbondo Regency. This study is a qualitative descriptive analysis model with primary and secondary data sources. The results of this study indicate several strategies for the Syekh Abdul Qadir Jailani Islamic Boarding School in maintaining the Madurese language, including; 1) Holding Madurese language activities/competitions, 2) Not eliminating Islamic boarding school culture such as reciting Kitab, 3) Familiarizing students with the Madurese language every day. The factors that can influence the Madurese Language Shift are; 1) There is formal education, 2) There are students/teachers from outside the region.


Coexistence curves in volume fraction-temperature (φ–T) space and in volume fraction-pressure (φ–p) space have been measured for the binary system perfluoromethylcyclohexane+carbon tetrachloride in the temperature range Tc–T<0.8 K and in the pressure range p–pc<3.2 MPa near the critical point (Tc,pc,φc). The observed coexistence curves were expressed by the simple scaling relation φ+–φ−=BT(Tc−T)βT in φ–T space and by φ+–φ−=Bp(p–pc)βp in φ–p space. The exponent was determined as βT=0.326±0.001 and βp=0.330±0.006, which agree with each other and with the theoretical value β=0.327 for the Ising model. The observed coefficients give (Bp/BT)1/β=0.42±0.02 K/MPa, which may be compared with the slope (dT/dp)c=0.38 K/MPa of the p–T critical line in light of a thermodynamic argument. This means that the pressure range is converted into the temperature range with the slope (dT/dp)c as a scale factor.


The paper addresses an issue of creating an environment favorable for the life in megacities by planting vegetation on the rooftops. It also provides information about rooftop greening practices adopted in other countries. The issues of 'green roof' building in climatic conditions of Saint Petersburg and roof vegetation impact on the urban ecosystem are examined. Vegetation composition quality- and quantity-wise has been proposed for the roof under research and a 3D model of this roof reflecting its geometric properties has been developed. A structure of roof covering and substrate qualitative composition is presented. An effect of rooftop geometry on the substrate temperature is explored. The annual substrate temperature and moisture content in different parts of the roof have been analyzed. Results of thermal imaging monitoring and insolation modelling for different parts of green roof surface are presented.


ABSTRACT Using five waves of unique space-time budget data, this study investigates the relevance of peer presence and behavior on adolescents' alcohol consumption at a situational level, addressing to which degree these situational peer effects are moderated by the setting and by individual differences. Multilevel models, predicting the probability of alcohol consumption in a given hour, show that peers' alcohol misuse is most relevant during unstructured activities while unsupervised. However, individuals differ in their susceptibility to these situational processes, with adolescents holding strong moral convictions against alcohol consumption being basically immune to situational peer effects, even during unstructured and unsupervised activities.


Path planning for autonomous systems is a fundamental problem in robotics, especially when the task assigned to a robot is heavily dependent on the motion of one or more of its constituent parts. Efficient path planning requires fast adaptation to changes in the environment and generalizability to a variety of tasks while being intricately linked with a motion planner that handles the kinematic and dynamic constraints of the robot and its workspace. Present-day planning algorithms for robots fail to achieve real-time performance for robot systems with complex kinematics and heavy interactions such as multi-robot systems and robot manipulators. In fact, the motion planning objectives for these complex systems often present mathematical infeasibilities when posed as an optimization problem or become computationally cumbersome to compute by pure sampling. Further, these algorithms do not generalize to the task of collision avoidance against different types of obstacles for multi-robot systems or different types of end-effectors in robots with high-dimensional articulation. The primary focus of this dissertation is to present computationally-tractable solutions to the trajectory optimization problem for both multi-robot systems and manipulators. We explore gradient-based and stochastic optimization techniques and perform mathematical reformulations to adapt them to a wide variety of applications. First, we provide the requisite background in robot path planning and motion planning, including robot kinematics, trajectory representation methods, and collision-avoidance techniques. We also discuss state-of-the-art methods in gradient-based trajectory optimization and stochastic trajectory optimization. Next, we present a distributed GPU-based multi-agent trajectory optimizer that first converts the gradientbased multi-agent trajectory optimization problem into a set of simple matrix-matrix products and then leverages parallel computations over GPUs to accelerate these computations. We demonstrate through a large number of qualitative and quantitative experiments in simulation that our distributed algorithm outperforms existing sequential trajectory optimizers or sampling-based methods for multi-robot planning. Next, we design a collision-aware path planner for robot manipulators operating in the high-dimensional joint space and demonstrate its application across scenes with different types and numbers of obstacles. We finally couple this stochastic optimization-based path planner with a low-level motion planner for the task of pushing objects on a table using a robot manipulator. We also make our software for multi-agent path planning public for open-source development so that our algorithm can be used for further research in this domain.


There is an extensive literature concerned with the impact of music on customers. However, no study has examined its effects on service workers and their interactions with customers. Drawing together literatures on service work and music in everyday life, the article develops a theoretical framework for exploring the role of music in service exchanges. Two central factors are identified – first, how workers hear, and respond to, the music soundscape, and, second, their relations with customers, given these have the potential to be both alienating and positive to the point of meaningful social interaction. From these, a 2×2 matrix is constructed, comprising four potential scenarios. The authors argue for the likely importance of music's role as a bridge for sociality between worker and customer. The article considers this theorizing by drawing upon interviews with 60 retail and café workers in UK chains and independents, and free text comments collected through a survey of workers in a large service retailer. The findings show broad support for music acting as a bridge for sociality. Service workers appropriate music for their own purposes and many use this to provide texture and substance to social interactions with customers.


All treatment is dangerous; the more powerful the treatment the greater the danger. Even the humble aspirin tablet may provoke indigestion and gastrointestinal blood loss. These side effects are, however, mild and reversible and are far outweighed by the benefit from treatment with aspirin in patients with acute coronary disease. For thrombolytic agents the balance is more even. The benefit in patients with acute myocardial infarction has to be set against the risk of bleeding. Treatment with thrombolytic drugs such as streptokinase has become widespread since publication of the results of the major trials. But results from careful clinical trials may not necessarily be borne out in everyday practice in coronary care units in district hospitals. Reports of complications have started to trickle in. It is time to take stock of the risks of thrombolytic treatment. Early fears about thrombolytic treatment in patients with myocardial infarction were based on studies in animals. Reperfusion of the myocardium after a period of coronary occlusion was found to be associated with the development of ventricular arrhythmias including fibrillation and with other more subtle myocardial abnormalities such as stunning, microvascular damage, cell necrosis, and haemorrhage.' These have not been seen to any extent in clinical practice, perhaps because we cannot examine the hearts of our patients so closely or perhaps because experimental reperfusion is sudden whereas clinical reperfusion is gradual. But the other predictable consequence of thrombolysis-bleeding -is certainly a worry. In this issue two groups describe the administration of streptokinase to six patients who were subsequently shown to have aortic dissection (p 513 and p 517). This misfortune was reported in the ASSET trial in which alteplase (recombinant tissue plasminogen activator) was used2; it has certainly been seen elsewhere in Britain and overseas, and it is not surprising because the differential diagnosis of the gravely ill patient with severe chest pain and an abnormal electrocardiogram is difficult. Moreover, the decision to administer thrombolytic treatment has to be taken within minutes, usually by a junior doctor (a house officer in three of the four patients from Oxford). Both reports come from specialist centres. The patients survived long enough to reach these centres, and three left hospital, all after surgery-an experience that would be usual in similar patients who had not had thrombolysis. The lethal nature of aortic dissection implies that other unreported patients in district hospitals with this condition have died. Whether thrombolytic treatment makes any difference to the outcome remains doubtful. Getting the diagnosis wrong is tragic but probably unavoidable given the circumstances. Even when the diagnosis is right, however, unforeseen disasters may still occur. For example, Stafford and his colleagues reported on seven patients in whom thrombolysis was followed by severe embolic complications that were probably a result of disintegration of a pre-existing clot.3 Other physicians will have seen patients with intracranial haemorrhage after thrombolysis, although this complication is rare. It does not get reported in journals because it was so clearly documented in the original trials. The overall incidence of cerebrovascular events was below 1% in both the GISSI and ISIS 2' trials and similar in both treated and control groups. In ISIS 2 only seven of the 8490 patients treated with streptokinase had confirmed haemorrhagic strokes. Bleeding from other sitesfor example, the gastrointestinal tract-was also well documented and so again will not be reported. Major bleeding requiring transfusion was reported in 46 patients (0 5%) in ISIS 2. Nor are accounts published of the spectacular bruises that result from the puncture of arteries and veins, though these are a familiar sight nowadays. As experience with thrombolytic agents grows so does the list of complications. Sensitivity reactions to streptokinase are fairly common but usually mild; proteinuria has excited attention recently and may be another manifestation of sensitivity.6 The relative risks of the three main thrombolytic agentsstreptokinase, alteplase, and anistreplaseare being examined in ISIS 3. It seems likely that the risk of major bleeding will be small and that there will be little difference among the three, though their efficacy and cost may well differ. Should we change our attitude towards thrombolysis as its dangers become better appreciated? Overall early mortality in the control and treated groups respectively in the major trials were as follows: 13 0% and 10-7% in GISSI and 12-0% and 9-2% in ISIS 2 (both used streptokinase),4 12 2% and 644% in AIMS (with anistreplase),7 and 9-8% and 7-2% in ASSET (with alteplase).2 Thus about three in every 100 patients with acute myocardial infarction will have their lives saved by thrombolytic treatment; maybe one will suffer a major complication. As judged by improvement in left ventricular function there may be other benefits (such as freedom from cardiac failure).' Few other forms of treatment have been introduced under such careful scrutiny or have given such clear results. We owe a debt of gratitude to the trialists, and we may conclude that we should continue to administer thrombolytic treatment to all patients with acute myocardial infarction except those with the now well defined contraindications-any bleeding diathesis, recent surgery or stroke, severe hypertension, aortic dissection, and peptic ulceration. Two other caveats must be added: a second dose of streptokinase carries an increased risk of sensitivity reactions and may be less effective9; and the decision to treat should be taken by a registered medical practitioner. Cautious physicians will still wish to insist on seeing the changes in the electrocardiogram that are characteristic of infarction before administering thrombolytic drugs, but many (including all of us who are participating in ISIS 3) will not. It may well be that most benefit will be seen in those patients who have not yet had an infarct and so do not show any change in the electrocardiogram. Speedy thrombolysis as recommended by the British Heart Foundation remains the treatment of choice for suspected myocardial infarction. "' Sadly, many patients still do not receive such treatment."


listed above, very rarely a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction consisting of nephrotic syndrome with interstitial nephritis with or without renal failure has been described in patients ingesting NSAID for months. This entity appears to be T cell mediated and may in part involve effects of NSAID on prostaglandin functions in chronic inflammation. In general, the nephrotic syndrome and interstitial nephritis is fully reversible over weeks after discontinuation of the NSAID. Occasionally short-term therapy with glucocorticoids may be indicated. The renal and common gastrointestinal side effects of NSAID have prompted the search for safer drugs. To block the gastrointestinal side effects of NSAID, stable prostaglandin analogues have been developed. In the usual dosage these prostaglandin analogues reach the renal circulation at concentrations which are insufficient to counteract the local inhibition of prostaglandins. Furthermore, it should be recalled that prostaglandins are autocoids, i.e. substances that act predominantly at their local site of synthesis. This compartmentation makes it highly unlikely that sys1907 temically administered prostaglandins will reach the appropriate renal site in adequate concentrations. The recent isolation and cloning of two different prostaglandin synthetases or cyclooxygenases (Cox 1 and Cox 2) has prompted the development of isotype specific cyclooxygenase inhibitors. In fact, such drugs are now available and undergoing clinical testing. The goal is to inhibit the inducible, proinflammatory Cox 2 without influencing the constitutive Cox 1, which could be responsible for many basic noninflammatory effects of prostaglandins. At present it is too early to judge whether this presumption is correct and whether NSAID with less renal side effects can be developed.


The Dempster Shafer (D S) theory of evidential reasoning and its application were described. The data fusion in multichannel was implemented by the theory. An algorithm of data fusion in multichannel was designed for the target classification.


ARTICLE INFO A total of 100 random muscle samples of Oreochromis niloticus, Claries lazera, imported Mugil cephalus and Scomber scombrus fish (25 of each) were collected from different markets in Fayoum City for determination of lead, cadmium, copper and mercury residual levels to ascertain whether these levels exceeded the prescribed legal limits. The mean mercury level in the edible muscles tissues of fish species were ranged from below detectable level to 0.29 ppm in local fish and to 0.28 ppm in imported fish. The residual levels were not exceeded the prescribed legal limits of the European Commission Regulation (EC). The highest mean levels of cadmium were recorded in Mackerel (0.119 ± 0.060, ppm) which exceeded the permitted values stipulated by European Commission (EC). The samples in this study contained copper within of the general guideline limit for copper in food. The highest mean levels of lead were also recorded in Mackerel (0.477±0.073 ppm) which exceeded the permitted value stipulated by European Commission (EC). The results were evaluated according to International standards of WHO and EC. The provisional tolerable weekly intakes used in this study to assess the relative safety of marketed in Fayoum. The public health significance of heavy metal residues in fishes were also discussed. Article history:


Varicella‐Zoster virus (VZV) open reading frames 4 (ORF4) and 62 (ORF62) encode putative immediate‐early proteins (ORF4p and ORF62p, respectively) which are strong transactivators of other VZV genes and are involved in the very early stages of viral infection. ORF4p and ORF62p transactivate immediate‐early and early gene promoters but have little or no effect on late gene promoters. To investigate the effect of ORF4p or ORF62p overexpression on the viral replication cycle, we constructed Vero cell lines expressing those genes under the control of the human cytomegalovirus major immediate‐early promoter. VZV OKA infection of these stably transformed cell lines was followed‐up using VZV glycoprotein E (gE) antigen quantification and virus titration. Upon serial passaging of infection in these cell lines expressing functionally active ORF4p or ORF62p, a 5‐ to 10‐fold increase in viral gE antigen production was observed. Viral titers also demonstrated a 2‐ to 5‐fold increase in viral production in these transformed cell lines. These results emphasize the role that both ORF4p and ORF62p play in enhancing the VZV replicative cycle. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Pollution from human activities affects livelihood, quality of life and environment of communities. So goals of this research study on pollution concentration of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), oxides of Nitrogen (NO x ), and Ozone (O 3 ) in Chiang Rai Province was monitored in two periods; before the forest burning during November 13-15, 2015 in winter, and during the forest burning during March 23-17, 2016 in summer. The monitoring was conducted at Ban San Kong School by using ambient air quality monitoring mobile unit with sampling equipment as follows: Gas chromato-graph/flame ionization (GC/FID), NO x analyzer, and Ozone analyzer. The results revealed that the concentration of VOCs and NO x related to the source. VOCs in other VOCs group (Freon-12, acetylene, vinyl chloride, chloroform, CCl 4 ) were detected in the highest concentration which was generated from anthropogenic sources. The sources of the concentration of NO x were fuel combustion and traffic. Meanwhile, the concentration of O 3 was the product of the secondary reaction between VOCs and NO x , therefore, the higher concentration of NO x resulted in a higher concentration of O 3 . The comparison of VOCs, NO x and O 3 concentration between before and during the forest burning indicated that the concentration of NO x and O 3 are high whereas the concentration of VOCs is low because VOCs are oxidized to their radicals and react with NO x in the atmosphere and produce O 3 .


Public security agencies to fight crime,maintain law,order,service management duties,the community work together,and rapid response characteristics of the work determines need to use geographic information technologies.Combined with the current status of geographic information systems development,this paper describes the construction of the idea of police geographical information system,system design,analysis and presentation capabilities to do.


In the paper, the mechanical properties of structural stainless steels referred to in EN 1993-1-4 [6] used in the design of building structures and civil engineering works, are described. Some information about stainless steel behaviour at elevated temperatures is also given.


The present invention relates to modified species represented by formula 1 based on a conjugated diene polymer, the preparation of the polymer, and a rubber composition containing the polymer.


The facile synthesis of altemariol was accomplished through an intramolecular biaryl coupling reaction of the phenyl benzoate derivative, which was prepared by the simple esterification of the corresponding phenol and benzoic acid using a palladium reagent. The regioselectivity during the biaryl coupling reaction was also investigated.


In recent years,some scholars have proposed that"new humanism"should be the soul of comparative literature.In fact,comparative literature has always had its humanist tradition.Whether in the West or in China,it is this tradition that constitutes the inner spirit and momentum of comparative literature.Therefore,to better demonstratte the spirit of humanism in comparative literature,it is necessary to review and clarify its humanist tradition,which is not only abundant and deep,but also not obsolete in this new era.it is an important element of humanism that differentiating and mediating instead of indiscriminating or separating our traditions.


The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was discovered in Wuhan in December 2019 where it quickly led to a severe outbreak. In just a few weeks it evolved into a pandemic, with >3 million confirmed cases and >220,000 deaths attributed to COVID-19. Around 15% of infected people develop severe symptoms requiring hospitalization, and 3-10% of patients subsequently succumb to COVID-19, often due to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Currently, neither specific treatment for COVID-19 nor a vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 is available, while trials evaluating pharmacological interventions are ongoing and specific risk groups are being defined. Whether cancer in general and hematological malignancies in particular bear substantial risks, is of eminent interest, as these patients receive immune-modulatory treatment. Of additional concern is the risk for severe COVID-19 disease in hematological malignancies given cytotoxic chemotherapy, including novel agents such as immunomodulatory drugs (IMiD) and immunotherapies (i.e., monoclonal antibodies such as daratumumab, elotuzumab and others). It is also unclear, whether the immunosuppressant state of cancer patients predisposes them to a severe COVID-19 disease or, if a diminished host immune response may decrease the risk of multiorgan complications. Early reports from China and others indicate that cancer patients with COVID-19 may have a higher risk of a severe disease course and less favorable outcome compared to non-cancer patients, albeit not shared by others and if diligently compared with non-cancer cohorts. Most of these studies are, as yet, hampered by sample sizes, and patient cohorts consist mainly of patients with solid tumors. Other risk factors associated with adverse outcome seem to be nearly the same as for non-cancerpatients: advanced age, male sex, presence of substantial comorbidities (neurological: advanced Alzheimer, Parkinson, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, respiratory disease, chronic kidney disease, liver disease and immunosuppression). In this German Multiple Myeloma (MM) Study Group Consortium (DSMM and GMMG), we aimed to characterize a population of MM patients registered from 10 institutions who developed COVID-19 at hotspot areas in Germany. All MM patients with concomitant SARSCoV-2 infection were treated at secondary and tertiary Comprehensive Cancer Centers (CCC). Our goal was to determine whether COVID-19 in MM patients resulted in a greater morbidity and mortality compared to prior COVID-19 reports in cancer and specifically in MM patients. We performed a retrospective multicenter DSMM/GMMG cohort study involving 10 secondary and tertiary CCC in German pandemic epicenters. From March 1 to May 31, 2020, all MM inand outpatients with concomitant SARS-CoV-2 infection were included (registered via DSMM/GMMG-performed incentive). SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed by reverse-transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR) assay (Table 1A-B). Laboratory findings and radiological data were retrieved from the electronic medical records of each center. Comparative analysis of prior reports in cancer and MM patients was additionally performed as summarized in Table 2. The study was conducted in accordance and in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki and International Conference on Harmonization Guidelines for Good Clinical Practice. The data cutoff date was May 31, 2020. Descriptive data with median and ranges are presented. Our cohort of 21 MM patients encompassed 81% males and a median age of 59 years (range: 46-83). Most were Caucasians (Table 1A-B). Their median Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) was 80% and the median number of comorbidities was 1 (0-3), the most prevalent being cardiovascular (hypertension), renal impairment and others (polyneuropathy [PNP], diabetes; Table 1A). Smokers versus non-smokers comprised 4 (19%) versus 17 (81%) of patients, respectively. In line with the patients' KPS and comorbidities, the median revised myeloma comorbidity index (R-MCI) and International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG)frailty scores were 3 (=fit) and 1 (=intermediate-fit), respectively. Nonetheless, 48% (via R-MCI) and 62% (via IMWG-frailty score) were in the intermediate-fit/frail group (Table 1A). The median time from MM diagnosis to SARS-CoV-2 infection was 20 months (0-142). MM patients had a median of 1 (0-4) prior line of therapy. Fifteen (71%) patients had a prior autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). Preceding anti-myeloma treatments were proteasome inhibitors (PI) in 19 of 21 (90%; in all except both patients with newly diagnosed [IDMM]), IMiD in 12 of 21 (57%) and antibodies (daratumumab, elotuzumab, isatuximab) in 10 of 21 (48%) patients (Table 1A). The most common MM subtype was IgG (67%), followed by IgA (24%) and light-chain (LC)-only MM in 9% of the patients. High-risk cytogenetics (del17p, t(4;14), t(14;16)) were present in six (29%) patients. Seven (33%), 19 (48%) and four (19%) patients had an international staging system (ISS) of 1, 2 and 3, respectively. A median of two CRAB criteria had led to anti-myeloma treatment, in line with prior reports in MM without SARS-CoV-2 infection. The disease status at the time of SARS-CoV-2 infection included six patients in complete remission (CR), three in very good partial remission (VGPR), 10 in partial remission (PR) and two patients with IDMM. At the time of SARS-CoV-2 infection, 12 (57%) were being treated, either with daratumumab (5), elotuzumab (1), VCd (2), KRd (1) or lenalidomide-maintenance (3). Nine patients were not on active anti-MM therapy. At the time of SARS-CoV-2 infection, anti-MM treatment was transiently stopped for ~4 weeks in all of them (Table 1A). The most common reported symptoms among all patients were a cough (81%) and fever (76%). Notably, two patients were almost asymptomatic. Seventeen (81%) patients were admitted to the hospital for inpatient care. The median time between self-reported symptom onset and admission was 3 days. Three patients required intensive care unit (ICU) support, all were treated with high-flow oxygen, and two were eventually intubated. These two developed ARDS, with one already fully recovered. The median time to recovery in all patients from symptom onset was 17 days and from test positivity 14 days. There were no deaths in the total cohort. Pulmonary infiltrates via computer tomography (CT) scans were present in 18 (86%) patients. Blood counts at SARS-CoV-2 infection showed absolute neutrophil counts (ANC) of 2.9x10/L, whereas median absolute lymphocyte counts (ALC) were suppressed (0.8x10/L). On initial presentation, platelets, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatinine, PTT and D-dimer were normal or less compromised, whereas C-reactive protein (CRP) and ferritin were elevated (Table 1B). The number of patients


That Isaac Newton (1642–1727) holds a revered place in the history of science is rather uncontroversial. The incredible success and lasting legacy of his two chief works, the Principia mathematica (1687) and the Opticks (1704), have secured his position among the giants of Western science. Gauging Newton's place in the history of philosophy, on the other hand, has been a more difficult and more complicated matter. There is no debating that several leading eighteenth-century intellectuals paid special attention to the growing success of Newtonian science; however, these philosophical reactions varied. Some challenged the viability of Newton's program of mechanics by targeting his proposals of absolute space and absolute time and of a universal force of gravitation. Others championed the success of Newton's mechanics and theory of light as a watershed of human thought and aligned their philosophies with his program of natural philosophy. Yet even among self-fashioned Newtonians, there was no univocal view of why Newton's science was of such great philosophical importance. Some focused on his use of mathematics to study natural forces; others focused on the foundational role he granted to observation and experiment. The terrain surrounding Newton's own philosophical commitments is murkier still. Stretching back to his student days in Cambridge, Newton continued to struggle with some of the fundamental questions plaguing his philosophical contemporaries, including the relationship between mind and body, the nature of space and time, and the place of God in the natural ontology. However, since he never penned a systematic philosophical treatise akin to, say, Descartes's Meditations on First Philosophy (1641) or Locke's An Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1690), our insight into Newton's philosophical commitments rests on relatively short commentaries that are scattered throughout his published and unpublished works. Whether these writings The Southern Journal of Philosophy Volume 50, Issue 3 September 2012


Replaced the original traditional cooling system for the ATS with electronic fan,the fuel consumption experiment is done.The results show that the ATS with electronic fan significantly reduces the vehicle fuel consumption.In addition,if the ATS can be designed with modularization,the space of engine compartment will be reduced and some new technologies for engine emission controlling can be put into realization easily.


Using the natural notion of {\em Hasse--Schmidt derivations on an exterior algebra}, we relate two classical and seemingly unrelated subjects. The first is the celebrated Cayley--Hamilton theorem of linear algebra, "{\em each endomorphism of a finite-dimensional vector space is a root of its own characteristic polynomial}", and the second concerns the expression of the bosonic vertex operators occurring in the representation theory of the (infinite-dimensional) Heinsenberg algebra.


OBJECTIVE
To determine the effects of the glucosidorum tripterygll totorum on the proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction of cell line HL-60 in human acute promyelocytic leukemia.

METHODS
The survival rates of cells were tested by MTT assay, fluorescence stain, flow cytometry test, and DNA fragmentation.

RESULTS
Glucosidorum tripterygll totorum could notably reduce the survival rate of HL-60 cells, and inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 5.0 microg/ml and it arrested the cell cycle at G2/M phase (P < 0. 05). The typical apoptosis morphologic cells were seen, the rates of apoptosis cells were increased (P < 0.05), and DNA ladder appeared in the experiment group.

CONCLUSION
Glucosidorum tripterygll totorum could notably inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of HL-60 cells.


Objective To study the regularity and significance of the variations of the platelet parameters in cerebral infarction(CI) during different period and infarct size and provide theoretical basis the anti-platelet aggregation treatment.Methods 97 cases with cerebral infarction and 40 healthy participants were detected the platelet parameters by automatic hematology analyzer.They were divided into four groups by different periods(48 hours,49 h~7 days,7~14 days and 14 days) and divided into three groups by the infarct size(large size small size and lacunar CI).The study selectes the CI patients(CI group) and the healthy physical examinees(control group) in the same hospital and during the same interval.With regard to platelet study group:In terms of time of incidence(in 48h,49h~7d,7~14d and after 14d) and infarct size(large size small size and lacunar CI).We separate the CI group into different subgroups,each subgroup were compared with control separately,and also make group comparison between platelet group.Results The PLT is the lowest in 48h after CI onset,but ascend gradually with the time developed,and recovered to normal level at the 14 days post currently(P0.05).Comparing with control group,MPV and PDW ascend markedly in 48h after CI onset(P0.05)and reach the peaks at the time of 48h~7d,then descend gradually,but even higher than control group at the recovery period(P0.05).The larger the infarct size is,the lower the PLT is,and the higher the MPV、PDW are.Conclusion Detecting the platelet parameters of patients with CI and atherosclerosis is valuable for the judgment of the prevention and prognosis.


This paper is devoted to the study of codimension two holomorphic foliations and distributions. We prove the stability of complete intersection of codimension two distributions and foliations in the local case. Converserly we show the existence of codimension two foliations which are not contained in any codimension one foliation. We study problems related to the singular locus and we classify homogeneous foliations of small degree.


Service providers will highly rely on network softwarization operational trends for addressing 5G verticals' market, leveraging on multi-domain cloud computing capabilities offered by different stakeholders. Consequently, multi-domain scenarios in which diverse providers form a federation will become more relevant for 5G and beyond. Due to the intrinsic limited footprint and infrastructure capacity offered by just a single provider, the progression towards these scenarios will require mechanisms to support an efficient orchestration of network slices over multi-provider assets. In this paper, we analyse the convenience of enabling timely exchange of information in terms of guaranteed latency and resource availability among various telecommunication providers participating in a federation to effectively ensure the deployment of 5G vertical services and reduce the service provision blocking probability.


The invention relates to a lighting and / or signaling device, in particular a motor vehicle, having an optical axis (Z-Z ') and arranged to generate: - a first elementary beam (20) having, on a screen perpendicular to the optical axis (Z-Z '), a cut (21) having a first net branch (21B) and a second fuzzy leg (21A), and - a second elementary beam preferably having, on a screen perpendicular to the optical axis (Z-Z '), a cut, characterized in that the fuzzy branch (21A) of the cut (21) of the first elementary beam (20) is at least partially included in the second component beam.


Abstract Background Biological agents have become increasingly common in the treatment of immune-mediated illnesses. Their use, however, is associated with an increased risk of progression from latent to active tuberculosis (TB) infection. The American Thoracic Society (ATS) recommends both a tuberculin skin test (TST) and an interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) be conducted to screen for latent TB prior to initiation of biologic therapy. We examined the adherence to these recommendations for adults with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in the Calgary region of Alberta. Methods In this retrospective cross-sectional study, we used the Alberta Health Services' Sunrise Clinical Manager and Netcare databases to identify IBD patients initiated on biologic therapy (age >18 years) in Calgary, Alberta between 2008 and 2018. Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of patients were described. Linear and logistic regression models were constructed to identify factors associated with screening. All analyses were conducted using Stata 15.0 (University of London, UK). Results There was a total of 247 identified cases (48.18% female). Of these 96 were Ulcerative Colitis and 151 Crohn's Disease. The mean age was 39.5 (14.8 SD). There was a total of 210 (85%) who had documented screening with the TST and nine (3.4%) with the IGRA. In a multivariable analysis, factors associated with latent TB screening were age and outpatient setting at the time of screen. Six patients (2.43%) had positive screens and four of those six were treated for latent TB infection. Conclusion TST remains the predominant screening method for latent TB infection although the ATS recommends both IGRA and TST prior to biologic therapy. Screening varied with age and higher rates were noted in those evaluated as outpatients compared with inpatients. Further work is needed to evaluate the barriers to screening and to improve access to latent TB screening particularly in the inpatient setting. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.


Many machine learning algorithms rely on feature descriptors to access information about image appearance. Using an appropriate descriptor is therefore crucial for the algorithm to succeed. Although domain- and task-specific feature descriptors may result in excellent performance, they currently have to be hand-crafted, a difficult and time-consuming process. In contrast, general-purpose descriptors (such as SIFT) are easy to apply and have proved successful for a variety of tasks, including classification, segmentation, and clustering. Unfortunately, most general-purpose feature descriptors are targeted at natural images and may perform poorly in document analysis tasks. In this paper, we propose a method for automatically learning feature descriptors tuned to a given image domain. The method works by first extracting the independent components of the images, and then building a descriptor by pooling these components over multiple overlapping regions. We test the proposed method on several document analysis tasks and several datasets, and show that it outperforms existing general-purpose feature descriptors.


The failures of certain vehicle components are often caused by a customer's specific usage. To understand and interpret this behavior, OEMs and suppliers use time-and location independent load collectives which are stored in the control units and can be transferred by diagnostic equipment during a workshop visit. Based on the failed vehicles' datasets, specific usage patterns and their impact on failure mechanisms can be identified by multivariate analytical methods. An enhancement of classification quality is supposed to be realized by prior group identification with the methods of unsupervised clustering. This paper considers the implementation of a two-step method. It combines first unsupervised clustering to identify different groups of usage and second supervised non-linear multivariate models. The aim is to track vehicles at risk in each cluster in order to develop new technologies such as predictive maintenance as an example. In an experiment of a real world dataset taken from the Mercedes-Benz-Cars Alternative Drive sector we discuss the two-step method in an application. The main topic of this work is a study about the quality of the two interacting methodologies regarding an iterative process between the resulting failure parameters of the supervised classification model and the chosen input variables for clustering. Furthermore we summarize the prerequisites for a stable and reliable prediction model and give an overview about the data structure of load collectives and the available signals. The studies can confirm that using a suitable clustering algorithm leads to an improvement of the prediction accuracy under the precondition of a data base containing enough failed vehicles.


In order to improve the energy efficiency, while still insuring indoor comfort for a new non-residential building, a model-assisted fine-tuning methodology for control parameters was implemented. During offline experiments, where no control parameters are sent] to the building, the method was configured according to the particularities of the building. To this purpose we used a co-simulation, where the optimization algorithm for the control parameters was connected to a simulation model of the building and its technical equipment. The offline experiments show promising results regardmg energy savings when compared to good rule-based controllers. The transition to online experiments is more challenging as it depends on the way the whole building system behaves.
(PDF) Simulation assisted implementation of a model based control parameter fine-tuning methodology for a nonresidential building with a complex energy system.


there is considerable ground of controversy. The failure is to use the light which is manifestly the result of a consensus of opinion of the soundest and most distinguished scholars of the world. Few would contend that the Sunday school is reflecting the work of our most noted theological seminaries. The last twenty-five years have seen a remarkable advance in Bible study. All the resources of the ablest and most devoted


60 | P a g e ISSN: 2321-7782 (Online) Volume 3, Issue 7, July 2015 International Journal of Advance Research in Computer Science and Management Studies Research Article / Survey Paper / Case Study Available online at: www.ijarcsms.com Border Effect Tolerance in Wireless Sensor Networks A.Dhanalakshmi Research Scholar, Department of Computer Science, H.H. The Rajahs College (Autonomous), R.Malathi Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science, H.H. The Rajahs College (Autonomous),


We propose a new framework to address feasibility analysis and optimal design problems under uncertainty. This approach is based on nonlinear chance constrained programming. The feasibility analysis problem is defined as the maximization of the achievable confidence level of satisfying all constraints for a given design. The solution can provide clear information about the dependence of the reliability of a nonlinear convex system on the values of the design variables. This offers a priori the feasible region for the design optimization problem. A feature of this approach is that for a design with a 100% confidence level the solution does not depend on the distribution of the uncertain variables. Moreover, the critical constraint which cuts off the largest part of the design space can be identified so that, if necessary, a decision can be made to relax this constraint to achieve a meaningful design. The chance constrained program will be relaxed to a single level nonlinear optimization problem (NLP). The scope of this approach is demonstrated with a nonlinear design problem.


OBJECTIVE To observe the effect of heat preservation during perioperative period on postoperative infection after colorectal cancer operation. METHODS Patients receiving colorectal cancer operation were randomly divided into 2 groups.Group 1 received the surgery under certain conditions of 24~26 ℃ and 40%-60% humidity in surgical room,electronic thermostatic preheated tick and quilt on operating table,preheated infusion and blood at 37 ℃ with a liquid heater,preheated washing liquid at 37 ℃ with a thermostatic heater.Group 2 just received the routine surgery.Then the effect of heat preservation on postoperative infection of patients were observed and examined. RESULTS Patients in group 1 had higher body temperature of 36.8 ℃ than group 2,and the postoperative infection rate of 3.5% in 2 of 51 cases in group 1 is lower than that of 7.8% in 4 of 57 cases in group 2.There is statistical difference between the two groups(P0.05). CONCLUSION Heat preservation during perioperative period can effectively prevent postoperative infections,reduce the risk of operation and increase patient comfort.


The Permian System accounts for a majority of oil produced in the Permian Basin. However, the Devonian rocks and Silurian Fusselman rocks are excellent producing zones. These produce on both structure and truncation, but this paper deals with truncated aspects only. It appears that production in these fields is the result of an updip pinch-out of the formation along with lateral closure to trap the hydrocarbons. Lateral closure must be by faulting and/or reentrants along either or both sides of the pinch-out. When a prospect exhibits all these features, production should be assured. The truncated Fusselman along the Eastern shelf produces both from dolomite and limestone ranging in depth from 8,000 to 11,000 ft. It is believed that both the overlying Woodford Shale and underlying Sylvan Shale act as source rock and seal. When exploring for the truncated Devonian in southern Crane and northern Pecos Counties, Texas, a third requisite is required: tripolitic chert. This unique rock appears to be the result of subaerial erosion. The tripolitic chert is usually found in downthrown fault blocks or grabens which are present along the flank of the "Old Fort Stockton high." These faults appear to be adjustment features which formed as a result of movement along and around this positive area. End_of_Article - Last_Page 144------------


Summary This paper examines the antifertility effects of an IUD (Lippes Loop) subsequent to the discontinuation of its use. The experiences of 4449 urban Taiwanese women who discontinued the use of the Lippes Loop initially inserted during the period July 1962 to May 1965 are analysed. These women were followed annually for 6 to 9 years through clinic visits and home interviews. The effect of duration of IUD use on average fecundability and sterility is examined after controlling for women's age at discontinuation of use of the IUD. The results indicate that, among Taiwanese women, the level of sterility increases and the average fecundability decreases with the increase in the duration of IUD use. These differentials are quite substantial and are mainly observed among those women who were at least 30 years of age at the discontinuation of IUD use. Various implications of this finding are discussed. The results refer only to the Lippes Loop and cannot be generalized for other types of IUD.


T Shibahara et al proposed a high-accuracy stereo correspondence technique based on 1D Phase-Only Correlation.In this paper,we propose four improvements as follows:windowing to reduce boundary effects;weighting in averaging 1D POC functions;optimizing the coarse-to-fine matching;limiting the range of depth.Experimental results show that the 3D reconstruction efficiency is improved significantly compared to the original algorithm.


FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: invention refers to medical equipment, namely to oral gastric probes. A probe comprises a body, a distal part of which is applicable within bariatric surgical longitudinal gastrectomy, to guide surgeon's manipulations for partial gastrectomy and localisation of a post-gastrectomy closure line. A distal portion is configured to install a cylinder, which when inflated is substantially shaped as a pylorus cavity. The cylinder may be placed into this pylorus cavity; an end of the inflated cylinder is configured resting against the pylorus. A distal end of the probe body is configured resting against the pylorus cavity, whereas a portion of the probe body above the inflated cylinder is configured pressed to a wall of a lesser curvature of stomach. Using the invention enables performing the following stages accompanying the surgical longitudinal gastrectomy: pumping the stomach, gauging the preserved portion of the stomach, guiding and obtaining anatomical references, injecting and removing fluid, particularly to check the suture leak tightness. The probe can be easily introduced into the stomach and fastened therein to facilitate the surgical procedure of gastrectomy and sealing closure; it also helps to guide the surgeon's manipulations. The surgeon can easily observe the probe to avoid accidental sealing of the probe. The probe may be easily positioned in the stomach; it may be kept there for a long time on hold, without rotation and place shift; it is also easily removable. The probe enables determining the residual amount of the preserved stomach for performing high-quality gastrectomy. The probe may be sterilised; it is efficient and easy to manufacture and use. EFFECT: structural improvement. 21 cl, 9 dwg


A new_type mould material, DGJW40 steel tie hard alloy was successfully developed by using a special casting technology. Not only was the material able to be forge reshaped, but also very effective in wire drawing, stretching, and extruding mould.


This paper establishes the Hotelling model of mobile operators,and analyzes the consequent allocation effects and benefits of introducing mobile number portability(MNP)in China's telecommunication market,when the switching costs change and consumers do not identify network.It also testifies the applicability and localization of mobile member portability(MNP)in China's telecommunication market,to provide a theory basis for the reform and policy-making of telecommunications.


Abstract A novel electromagnetic wave absorber of three-dimensional carbon networks decorated with CoFe2O4 nanoparticles (3DC/CoFe2O4) was prepared through a simple freeze-drying method followed by a high-temperature calcination process. The 3DC/CoFe2O4 composite prepared at 630 °C (S630) exhibits broadband electromagnetic wave absorption with only 20 wt% filler loading. The effective absorption bandwidth (reflection loss [RL] < −10 dB) of S630 reaches up 6.63 GHz, and the minimum RL of −19.5 dB is obtained at 15.45 GHz when the matching thickness is 2.5 mm. The excellent electromagnetic wave absorption performance of the 3DC/CoFe2O4 composite can be attributed to good impedance matching and strong attenuation capacity.


Combining multiple biomarkers to provide predictive models with a greater discriminatory ability is a discipline that has received attention in recent years. Choosing the probability threshold that corresponds to the highest combined marker accuracy is key in disease diagnosis. The Youden index is a statistical metric that provides an appropriate synthetic index for diagnostic accuracy and a good criterion for choosing a cut-off point to dichotomize a biomarker. In this study, we present a new stepwise algorithm for linearly combining continuous biomarkers to maximize the Youden index. To investigate the performance of our algorithm, we analyzed a wide range of simulated scenarios and compared its performance with that of five other linear combination methods in the literature (a stepwise approach introduced by Yin and Tian, the min-max approach, logistic regression, a parametric approach under multivariate normality and a non-parametric kernel smoothing approach). The obtained results show that our proposed stepwise approach showed similar results to other algorithms in normal simulated scenarios and outperforms all other algorithms in non-normal simulated scenarios. In scenarios of biomarkers with the same means and a different covariance matrix for the diseased and non-diseased population, the min-max approach outperforms the rest. The methods were also applied on two real datasets (to discriminate Duchenne muscular dystrophy and prostate cancer), whose results also showed a higher predictive ability in our algorithm in the prostate cancer database.


Microcarriers are tiny beads or particles (matrix) with a surface chemistry that facilitates attachment and growth of anchorage-dependent cells in cell culture processes. Tuning the interactions of cells to the engineered matrix is a major challenge in cell and tissue engineering. The aim of this study was to develop polymeric microcarrier to obtain higher cell density in bioreactor culture for vaccine manufacturing from animal cell thus ensuring the whole process is halal. This cell-carrier was developed from micro-size polystyrene beads (100-150pm) which have been surface modified by UVIozone treatment and covalent immobilization of by gelatin (bovine and fish) on the material surface. Cell loading test in Vero cell culture was performed to evaluate their performance as carrier system. It was found that the system used was effective to develop gelatin coated polystyrene beads having good microscopic and suspension ability, good surface for cell attachment and proliferation, easy sampling and easy cell recovery with highest maximum cell number obtained with no toxicity to the cells. The novelty of this product includes simple and improved technique to prepare halal microcarrier with cheaper production cost. In addition, less concentration of microcarrier (3glL) can be used for cell culture compared to commercial microcarrier (4glL 20glL). Thus, this matrix can be used to substitute commercial microcarriers which were developed from non-halal resources (porcine gelatin) such as Cytodex 3, FACT Ill, Collagen from Solo Hill, CGEN 102-L and many more. Therefore, the product is applicable for large scale production and ready for commercialization.


This paper proposes a latest current differential protection technique for a three-phase power transmission system. A protective relay is designed for recognition and classification of faults in a three-phase transmission line using three-phase fault currents measured synchronously at two- buses which are located at two sides of the transmission line. The designed protective relay is based on the computation of the differential approximate coefficients of wavelet transform (DACWT) of three-phase fault currents which is utilized to recognize the fault, classify the faulty phase, and discriminate the external and internal faults in a transmission line. The designed protective relay has been tested comprehensively using MATLAB with modification of fault parameters. The performance of the protective relay is verified for symmetrical faults, unsymmetrical faults, external faults, low-impedance faults, and high-impedance faults. Moreover, the sensitivity of the protective relay is also ensured when the transmission line is connected with a three-phase power source at one-end only. Simulation outcomes authenticate the effectiveness of protective relay as the faults are recognized and the faulty phases are categorized in near about half-cycle from the instigation of fault.


Alumina/carbon nanotubes composites were prepared by precipitating Al(OH)3 continuously on the surf-ace of carbon nanotubes modified by PVA,and subsequently calcinated at 500 ℃ for 2 h in nitrogen atmosphere.TEM,TG,DTA,XRD,IR and nitrogen adsorption/desorption(specific surface area and pore structure analysis) were used to characterize the products.The results show that alumina can not combine on the surface of carbon nanotubes not modified by PVA.A continuous PVA film will be formed on the PVA modified carbon nanotubes,thus Al(OH)3 could precipitate on the surface of carbon nanotubes and form a continuous layer.


We address the problem of safely solving complex bimanual robot manipulation tasks with sparse rewards. Such challenging tasks can be decomposed into sub-tasks that are accomplishable by different robots concurrently or sequentially for better efficiency. While previous reinforcement learning approaches primarily focus on modeling the compositionality of sub-tasks, two fundamental issues are largely ignored particularly when learning cooperative strategies for two robots: (i) domination, i.e., one robot may try to solve a task by itself and leaves the other idle; (ii) conflict, i.e., one robot can interrupt another's workspace when executing different sub-tasks simultaneously, which leads to unsafe collisions. To tackle these two issues, we propose a novel technique called disentangled attention, which provides an intrinsic regularization for two robots to focus on separate sub-tasks and objects. We evaluate our method on five bimanual manipulation tasks. Experimental results show that our proposed intrinsic regularization successfully avoids domination and reduces conflicts for the policies, which leads to significantly more efficient and safer cooperative strategies than all the baselines. Our project page with videos is at https://mehooz.github.io/bimanual-attention.


A synthetic assessment method with nonlinear membership function and systematic procedure were developed in this paper based on set pair analysis theory.Several connection degree functions originated from nonlinear membership function were presented for different evaluation index with sea water quality assessment.The calibration results work well in one building site of Bohai Bay.This shows the set pair analysis method has advantages of concision and easy-operation,and nonlinear membership function can improve membership degree of evaluation index,so the assessment results were credible.


A reliable method for quantifying cognitive workload in pilots could find uses in flight training and scheduling, cockpit design, and improving flight safety. Many proposed methods for monitoring cognitive workload in this population rely on measuring physiological responses to externally delivered probe stimuli and/or use traditional gel-based electroencephalography (EEG) sensors. Here we develop passive, probe-independent algorithms for classifying three levels of flight task complexity based on 4-channel, gel-free EEG during simulated flight. Using a library of 168 input features drawn from different data science application domains, we evaluated 13 different classifiers, using a nested tenfold cross-validation procedure to estimate generalization performance. The best subsets of features yielded a median classification accuracy of 90.17% across subjects, with perfect accuracy in one subject and greater than 75% in 16 of 21 subjects. Though EEG line length and linear discriminant analysis were generally among the most effective features and classifiers, respectively, we find that to maximize prediction accuracy, feature set-classifier combinations should be individualized. No single channel proved more valuable than another in predicting flight task complexity, but combining EEG features across channels maintained or improved performance in 81% of subjects.


Design and implementation of a holographic wavefron printer with demagnification of the object beam is presented The printer prints a white light viewable color analo; hologram from a set of computer generated hologram displayed on an amplitude spatial-light modulator. W achieved bright 3D reconstruction with a motion parallax a saturated colors from holograms of test objects that wer printed on a silver-halide emulsion.


Objective In order to seek a suitable method for extraction of DNA from dried and corruption mouse samples. Methods Improved and traditional phenol-chloroform extraction, boiling method, Chelex-100 and silica beads were used to extract DNA from dry and corruption rat hair, hides and bones and other materials. The extracted DNA was amplified by PCR and sequenced. Results High-quality DNA could be extracted from hair,hides and bone samples of fresh mice by all the methods described above. Enough DNA could obtained from dried hides and corrupt bone samples by using of phenol-chloroform extraction and Chelex-100 method, respectively.Conclusion It was possible to extract high quality DNA from dried or corrupt samples by using of appropriate methods to meet the need of further researches.


Aims 1) To assess the average wait time for patients to be offered an appointment and to establish any correlations between longer waiting times and 'Did not attend (DNA)' rates 2) To assess the number of patients who have opted into the text message appointment reminder service and whether this had an effect on DNA rates. Background Research has indicated that the Did Not Attend (DNA) rate in Psychiatry is estimated at 20%, twice that of other medical specialties (1). With NHS Digital estimating that DNAs cost the NHS £1 Billion per annum, there has been much interest in reducing the rate of DNAs within Psychiatry (2). Findings have shown that short waiting times are associated with higher rates of attendance (3). In addition, poor appointment attendance within Psychiatry is also associated with increased disease severity and higher rates of hospital admission (4). Method We conducted retrospective data collection on 99 patients referred to Professor Oyebode between January 2018 and August 2019. Our data collection involved assessing time the referral was received, time to first appointment and the patient's communication preference (e.g. whether they opted in to the SMS alert service). All data collection was conducted through use of RIO and coded/ammonized into a Excel spreadsheet. No sampling methods were employed and our population only consisted of first-time referrals to Professor Oyebodes clinic. Result 1) We found no correlation between a longer waiting time to first appointment and an increased DNA rate. 2) All patient waiting times between 1st January - 31st August were within the maximum limit set by national guidelines 3) Opting into the text messaging service remains severely low. Of the patients audited, 95% had not completed a communication preference form. Overall, it is still unclear whether the text messaging service has a positive impact on DNA rates. Conclusion Our data have shown no significant correlation between a longer waiting time and an increased DNA rate for first time Psychiatry appointments. Secondly, we have concluded that between the audited period, waiting times were still within the maximum 18 week wait set by the Mental Health Standards. Finally, we can conclude that uptake of the text messaging service remains very low at 4%. Due to a limited sample size of only 4 patients, it is still unclear from this audit whether opting into the text messaging services will have a positive decrease on the number of DNA's.


The first precision measurements of the relative intensities of X-ray lines were those of Duane and Stenstr6m2 on the K series of tungsten and Duane and Patterson3 on the L series of tungsten and the K series of molybdenum. The relative intensities of the, K series lines of rhodium are given in curves shown still earlier by Duane and Hu4 in their study of absorption and emission frequencies.


p-Chloronitrobenzene (p-CNB) was selectively hydrogenated to p-chloroaniline (p-CA) using 5% Pt/C as catalyst. Using Pt/C as catalyst and with the proper choice of process conditions it was possible to obtain p-CA with 99% selectivity at a conversion level of 85%; implying that hydro-dehalogenation is minimized. The reaction was first order with respect to hydrogen and first order with respect to p-CNB. The energy of activation was 10.2 kcal/gmole.


A 46-year-old woman presented with pain and swelling in her arms and lower legs for 3 weeks. Examination showed swelling and tenderness of the left arm and tenderness in both calves. Chest imaging revealed a mediastinal mass. A diagnostic procedure was performed.


Different types of textiles are used in ballistic protection: non-wovens, unidirectional sheets, woven fabrics and fiber-reinforced panels. It is clear that the stopping mechanism will be quite different in all these cases. In this work the ballistic protective difference between uni-directional polyethylene textiles and woven fabrics for protective garments is evaluated. The both types of textiles are tested with fragment simulating projectiles according to STANAG 2920 and the ballistic protection level (V50) is established. The results show distinctive difference between these two types of textile in their stopping mechanisam with higher ballistic protection level of the uni-directional textiles. The stopping mechanisam of the woven fabric is more appropriate for protection against fragments while the stopping mechanism of the uni-directional tape is more appropriate for protection agains bullets. This makes these two textile materials not to be used in the same applications area.


PURPOSE: A dynamic compiling method is provided to reduce working hours from the compiling to the distribution of applications in a cloud environment. CONSTITUTION: A system comprises a source device (100), an intermediate device (200), and a destination device (300). The source device includes the original copy of source code of an application and distributes the application to the destination device upon request by the destination device. The intermediate device compiles part of the applications to be distributed from the source device to the destination device. The intermediate device comprises a receiver (210), a compiling unit (220), and a transmission unit (230). The destination device installs and runs the applications distributed from the source device and comprises a receiver (310) and a compiling unit (320). [Reference numerals] (110) Complie configuratino unit; (120,220,320) Complinng unit; (130,230) Transmission unit; (210,310) Receiver


Epilepsy is one of the chronic diseases that has been based on before three thousand years ofthe Assyrian-Babylonian, Chinese and Indian sources, is still important and has been had adifferent significance for women. Though that pregnancy itself is a complicated process, one ofthe important periods of women's life, the process can be more emphasized for women withepilepsy. Epilepsy, the adverse effects of the seizures and anti-epileptic drugs on the mother andfetus has been investigated by lots of researchers. This periods contains; the doctor supervisionbefore planning pregnancy, usage of folic acid, a seizure-free period, the selection of likely toless teratogenic anti-epileptic drugs. Epilepsy and pregnancy period has been explained in thisreview


This paper presents a new technique for mean square asymptotic reference tracking of nonlineardynamic systems over Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel. The nonlinear dynamic systemhas periodic outputs to sinusoidal inputs and is cascaded with a bandpass filter acting as encoder.Using the describing function method, the nonlinear dynamic system is represented by an equivalentlinear dynamic system. Then, for this system, a mean square asymptotic reference tracking techniqueincluding an encoder, decoder and a controller is presented. It is shown that the proposed referencetracking technique results in mean square asymptotic reference tracking of nonlinear dynamic systemsover AWGN channel. The satisfactory performance of the proposed reference tracking technique isillustrated using practical example simulations.


An auto-ignition process in a premixed charge compression ignition engine was numerically solved by the Very Large Eddy Simulation (VLES) in conjunction with a reduced kinetic model for the low temperature oxidation of a hydrocarbon fuel. A new method was employed to set the initial turbulent velocity field, adjusting the velocity field so that the dissipation process may fit the results of the K-e model. The phase averaged quantites of the VLES agreed well with those of the K-emodel. The VLES exhibited the spatially random appearance of auto-ignition sites, which is similar to experimental observations shown in the literature.


Open fracture is a common disease accompanied by soft tissue,blood vessels,nerves, muscle injury. And it is difficult to treat because of the complex condition. This review refers to the domestic and foreign literature,summarize several questions of open fracture such as the classification of open fracture,the relationship between the time of debridement and infection,and the relationship between fixation and infection,wound closure,amputation et al.


Dr. Martin is Associate Professor of Finance at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University and received his DBA from Texas Tech University. He has coauthored a number of articles appearing in Financial Management and a number of finance and economic journals. Dr. Scott is Professor of Finance at Texas Tech University and received his PhD from the University of Florida. He is the author of articles that have appeared in several journals, among them the Spring 1975 issue of Financial Management. He is past president of the Southern Finance Association and is Associate Editor of Financial Management. He was previously employed as a cost analyst with the Ford Motor Company and Massey-Ferguson, Ltd.


It is hard to carry out a distant virtual experiment system(DVES) based on WEB due to the complexity of distributed network environment,the difficulty to build emulate model and so on.In this paper,a layered architecture is designed for the DVES,strategy of constructing the DVES is detailed discussed,and scheme about how to integrate DVES with other applications is also considered.The work of the paper provide a general framework to construct scalable and flexible DVES based on WEB.