1. Introduction. One may construct a Jordan homomorphism from one (associative) ring into another ring by taking the sum of a homo-morphism and an antihomomorphism of the first ring into two ideals in the second ring with null intersection [6]. A number of authors have considered conditions on the rings that imply that every Jordan homomorphism, or isomorphism, is of this form [6], [3], [7], [10], [ll]. We use a theorem of I. N. Herstein [3] (and without restrictions on the characteristic of the ring [lO]) to show that a Jordan homo-morphism from a ring onto a semisimple ring with identity and no one-dimensional irreducible (left) modules is the sum of a homomor-phism and an antihomomorphism (Theorem 2.1). The ideals with null intersection are obtained from a disconnection of the structure space in a way similar to that used in the proof of Corollary 3.8 of [ll, p. 446]. I am indebted to B. E. Johnson for drawing my attention to [ll]. We give an example to show that the conclusion is false if the hypothesis that there be no one-dimensional irreducible modules is omitted. In Theorem 2.2 we show that for C*-algebras the decomposition of Theorem 2.1 holds if the assumption that there is an identity is dropped. 1. N. Herstein has shown that a Jordan derivation on a prime ring not of characteristic 2 is a derivation [4]. We use this result to show that a continuous Jordan derivation on a semisimple Banach algebra


The main effective indicator of the use of natural resources is the natural capacity, which is determined by the volume of natural resources used and the final products. There are two types (levels) of natural capacity: Macro level - the level of the whole economy and the level of productivity. It is argued that the measurement of the rate of naturalness in dynamics may become one of the main criteria for the transition to solid development. We can distinguish three mechanisms for the implementation of environmental-economic policies: direct regulation (state influence); Economic stimulus (market mechanisms); Mixed mechanisms. The experience of the world in 2010-2020 shows that it is impossible to solve environmental problems only through state intervention or market mechanisms. There are "principal" reasons for the failure of the market mechanism (external, low prices, etc.) and the ineffectiveness of state influence (subsidies, taxes, etc.) in the areas of environmental protection and use of natural resources. In this regard, a mixed mechanism is most acceptable, which allows the implementation of environmental-economic policies, etc., using state influence and market mechanisms. In view of all the above, the monograph "Fundamentals of the Ecological-Economic Theory of Integrated Natural Resource Management" discusses the necessary and necessary theoretical-practical issues, which knowledge will help PhD students, masters and researchers interested in the field of ecology and economics to take an active part in solving the tasks required for the safe operation of Georgia's energy and transport corridors at the modern level.


An essay exploring Bushey Cemetery and YSP Visitors Centre and Gallery, based on interviews with the architects and close examination of Robert Smithson's works and writing surrounding sedimentation and geology. The text will set out the material and construction choices behind the two buildings and how this responds to both the buildings' programme, and its relationship to the landscape. The essay will also set out how the two projects represent a shift in thinking surrounding the anthropocene in architecture, and the impact of building on the earth.


The whole is greater than the sum of its parts" is a common summation of Aristotle's famous thought. This phrase is now following reality. Working together has versatile advantages allowing us to examine things from divergent aspects and perspectives supported by the strengths of participating individuals. For complex tasks, simple digital platforms allowing to share documents, text, speech, and video are often not sufficient. Tasks including operation on sophisticated machines and other equipment are evident examples of this. These sophisticated machines are not necessarily physically available for everyone. However, digital alternatives of them can be. When connected with the physical world, enabling data flow in both directions and therefore implemented as digital twins, these systems allow true collaboration between people and machines independent of physical location. In this paper, digital twin implementations enabling efficient remote collaboration between two organizations are reported. These systems are not limited to research and education. Instead, utilization for remote deployment and maintenance tasks are possible.


Although many cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) can be treated or prevented, an estimated 17.1 million people die of CVDs each year. The main risk factors are: tobacco use, high BMI, high blood pressure, high levels of cholesterol and glucose, low physical activity, stresses etc. 72 physicians which had practical skills at Therapy and Family Medicine Department of Postgraduate Faculty of Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University were observed by using of special questionnaire. Our trial showed that all physicians know and have healthy life-style. Usually, with the age the part of persons with high BMI, level of glucose or cholesterol is increased. Overall, there is a need for continued promotion of physician health.


A imager with associated strain pixel cell comprising a silicon layer. Strained silicon layer increases charge transfer efficiency, decreases image lag, and improves blue sensitivity in the imaging device.


This paper suggests that it is possible to obtain large quantities of simulated lunar regolith that can be used for feasibility studies of lunar base construction and excavation machinery and processes, from a commonly available vesicular basalt. To crush the basalt, a concrete batch mixer was used. The mixer was modified and filled with charges (steel balls). Results show that by varying the number of charges and operating time, it is possible to obtain different gradation curves, including one that emulates the Apollo 17 lunar regolith.


The invention relates to a humic-acid soil conditioner and a preparation method thereof. The soil conditioner disclosed by the invention is composed of soil conditioner mother liquor, amino acid, citric acid, polyacrylamide, humic acid, urea, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium chloride in a mass ratio of (50-65): (3-10): (0.3-1.5): (2.3-2.9): (3-10): (5-13): (5-6): (5-7). The soil conditioner disclosed by the invention can effectively increase the organic matter and nutrient contents of a newly-built farmland, loosen hardened soil, speed up the maturation process of immature soil, and improve or restore the productivity of lands.


In this paper,social development and stability of Inner Mongolia border areas in the cross-border exchanges was studied,a series of issues that affect the development and stability of Inner Mongolia in the foreign exchanges were explored,which has great significance for building harmonious society of the border areas in the new era,providing decision-making basis and innovative ideas for the country's stability in maintaining and promoting the stable development of the border areas.


Preface to the Princeton Landmarks in Biology Edition vii Preface xi Symbols Used xiii 1. The Importance of Islands 3 2. Area and Number of Speicies 8 3. Further Explanations of the Area-Diversity Pattern 19 4. The Strategy of Colonization 68 5. Invasibility and the Variable Niche 94 6. Stepping Stones and Biotic Exchange 123 7. Evolutionary Changes Following Colonization 145 8. Prospect 181 Glossary 185 References 193 Index 201


The extent of the outer limit of the continental shelf of a coastal state is greatly dependent on the placement of the foot of the continental slope. Both the Gardiner line (based on sediment thickness) and the distance formulae line (foot of slope + 60M), which are possible extensions to the continental shelf, are based on an interpretation of the foot of slope points. UNCLOS Article 76 defines the foot of slope as: "4. (b) In the absence of evidence to the contrary, the foot of the continental slope shall be determined as the point of maximum change in the gradient at its base." This article discusses the maximum change of gradient of bathymetric profiles and why this point may not be as unique in a real case, as it may seem from a theoretical point of view. Different algorithms for determining the maximum change of gradient will be presented. Also we will see how the choice of algorithm and the algorithm's parameter settings affects the placement of the foot of slope point. The article describes some common pitfalls one should avoid when computing the change of gradient in a real case, along with a new approach for calculating the maximum change of gradient. This algorithm gives good and stable results in most cases. The Geocap software package with its bathymetric profile analysis tool is used to examine the different algorithms.


A transmission-type Huygens's metasurface allows electromagnetic waves to be both transmitted and manipulated with negligible reflection. This can be achieved by properly designing electric and magnetic resonances. In this paper, we present concept of a self-phased metasurface pixel/cell that offers a reconfigurable transmissive phase. The tunable phase can be realized by using constituent material as the substrate supporting the metasurface. As the constituent material permittivity changes, the resonance wavelength of metasurface also changes, which results in a phase change. The proposed unit cell design consists of three layers of a metallic ring surrounding a metallic patch, all are integrated in a constituent material used as substrates. Simulation results show that the designed unit cell can achieve over 180 degrees of tunable phase with insertion loss of less than 3 dB.


This paper studies the problem of background/object differentiation in a keypoint-based tracking application where the object is delimited with a bounding box. We present a keypoint labeling algorithm based on four features: the label of the matched keypoint, color, motion, and position. We discuss methods to best exploit these features, then we detail our labeling algorithm and validate it with some experiments on several tracking video sequences.


Abstract Roots control the uptake of water and nutrients by plants, and hence their dry matter production. One of the greatest constraints to our understanding of root dynamics has been the laborious tedium associated with accurate measurements of various root parameters. A technique is presented for the fast and accurate measurement of the length and diameter of all fragments of corn (Zea mays L.) roots contained in most 0.04 by 0.15 m soil cores by analyzing a single NIH‐Image of those roots. These parameters are determined by measuring the perimeter and area of each root fragment utilizing NIH‐Image analyses contained in a public domain software (NIH‐Image). When length and diameter are coupled with nutrient uptake data, we will have a better understanding of where plants extract nutrients and water in space and time.


Reducing the heat loss is a key pathway for advancing phase change memory (PCM) technology because a good thermal confinement can facilitate the fast phase transition and reduce the programing power. In this study, the thermal boundary resistance between graphene and tungsten electrode heater is investigated. Density junctional theory (DFT) and atomistic Green's function (AGF) based approach is employed to explore the interfacial phonon transport across the graphene-electrode interfaces. Interfacial structure is optimized using DFT calculations, and the interaction between graphene/electrode is analyzed based on the electronic structure and cohesive energy. Phonon coupling at the graphene/electrode interface is studied through the analysis of phonon dispersion relations and phonon density of states. The AGF results show that the phonon transmission is limited to 4 THz depending on the phonon spectrum in tungsten and a thermal boundary resistance of 21.3 m2K/GW is obtained at physisorption interface between single layer graphene and tungsten. This study will provide insights to understand the thermal transport mechanism in PCM and guidelines to engineer the interfaces for better thermal confinement.


A free flow diversion tunnel is designed as a part of Sengulam Augmentation Scheme envisaged to increase the storage in an already existing reservoir at Sengulam, in turn power generation by transferring water available at Kallar River Basin. The tunnel is driven through gneissic bedrock with granite, alkali syenite and pegmatite intrusives. Completely weathered zones along selective intrusive bodies and four sets of shear zones are the geological adversities present in the rock mass that caused multitypes of failure during driving of the tunnel. The most susceptibile constituent mineral assemblages of fayalite bearing syenite and pegmatite in conjunction with syn/post intrusive shearing with influx of hydrothermal solution could be the reason for the abnormal depth of weathering. Caving, squeezing and flowing types of failure occurred in the tunnel reaches with thoroughly weathered rock. Whereas planar and wedge failures taken place in the sheared, fractured and closely jointed rock mass with mylonite or gouge filled smooth planar joints. The failure mechanisms, method of driving and support interventions are described in this paper. Keywords—Sengulam Augmentation Scheme; diversion tunnel; causative factors; failure mechanisms; support intervention


Optimum Wellness involves the development, refinement and practice of lifestyle choices which resonate with personally meaningful frames of reference. Personal transformations are the means by which our frames of reference are refined across the lifespan. It is through critical reflection, supportive relationships and meaning making of our experiences that we construct and reconstruct our life paths. When individuals are able to be what they are destined to be or reach their higher purpose, then they are able to contribute to the world in positive and meaningful ways. Transformative education facilitates the changes in perspective that enable one to contemplate and travel a path in life that leads to self-actualisation. This thesis argues for an integrated theoretical framework for optimum Wellness Education. It establishes a learner centred approach to Wellness education in the form of an integrated instructional design framework derived from both Wellness and Transformative education constructs. Students' approaches to learning and their study strategies in a Wellness education context serve to highlight convergences in the manner in which students can experience perspective transformation. As they learn to critically reflect, pursue relationships and adapt their frames of reference to sustain their pursuit of both learning and Wellness goals, strengthening the nexus between instrumental and transformative learning is a strategically important goal for educators. The aim of this exploratory research study was to examine those facets that serve to optimise the learning experiences of students in a Wellness course. This was accomplished through three research issues: 1) What are the relationships between Wellness, approaches to learning and academic success? 2) How are students approaching learning in an undergraduate Wellness subject? Why are students approaching their learning in the ways they do? 3) What sorts of transformations are students experiencing in their Wellness? How can transformative education be formulated in the context of an undergraduate Wellness subject? Subsequent to a thorough review of the literature pertaining to Wellness education, a mixed method embedded case study design was formulated to explore the research issues. This thesis examines the interrelationships between student, content and context in a one semester university undergraduate unit (a coherent set of learning activities which is assigned a unit code and a credit point value). The experiences of a cohort of 285 undergraduate students in a Wellness course formed the unit of study and seven individual students from a total of sixteen volunteers whose profiles could be constructed from complete data sets were selected for analysis as embedded cases. The introductory level course required participants to engage in a personal project involving a behaviour modification plan for a self-selected, single dimension of Wellness. Students were given access to the Standard Edition Testwell Survey to assess and report their Wellness as a part of their personal projects. To identify relationships among the constructs of Self-Regulated Learning (SRL), Wellness and Student Approaches to Learning (SAL) a blend of quantitative and qualitative methods to collect and analyse data was formulated. Surveys were the primary instruments for acquiring quantitative data. Sources included the Wellness data from Testwell surveys, SAL data from R-SPQ surveys, SRL data from MSLQ surveys and student self-evaluation data from an end of semester survey. Students' final grades and GPA scores were used as indicators of academic performance. The sources of qualitative data included subject documentation, structured interview transcripts and open-ended responses to survey items. Subsequent to a pilot study in which survey reliability and validity were tested in context, amendments to processes for and instruments of data collection were made. Students who adopted meaning oriented (deep/achieving) approaches tended to assess their Wellness at a higher level, seek effective learning strategies and perform better in formal study. Posttest data in the main study revealed that there were significant positive statistical relationships between academic performance and total wellness scores (rs=.297, n=205, p<.01). Deep (rs=.343, n=137, p<.01) and achieving (rs=.286, n=123, p<.01) approaches to learning also significantly correlated with Wellness whilst surface approaches had negative correlations that were not significant. SRL strategies including metacognitive selfregulation, effort, help-seeking and critical thinking were increasingly correlated with Wellness. Qualitative findings suggest that while all students adopt similar patterns of day to day activities for example attending classes, taking notes, working on assignments the level of care with which these activities is undertaken varies considerably. The dominant motivational trigger for students in this cohort was the personal relevance and associated benefits of the material being learned and practiced. Students were inclined to set goals that had a positive impact on affect and used "sense of happiness" to evaluate their achievement status. Students who had a higher drive to succeed and/or understand tended to have or seek a wider range of strategies. Their goal orientations were generally learning rather than performance based and barriers presented a challenge which could be overcome as opposed to a blockage which prevented progress. Findings from an empirical analysis of the Testwell data suggest that a single third order Wellness construct exists. A revision of the instrument is necessary in order to juxtapose it with the chosen six dimensional Wellness model that forms the foundation construct in the course. Further, redevelopment should be sensitive to the Australian context and culture including choice of language, examples and scenarios used in item construction. This study concludes with an heuristic for use in Wellness education. Guided by principles of Transformative education theory and behaviour change theory, and informed by this representative case study the "CARING" heuristic is proposed as an instructional design tool for Wellness educators seeking to foster transformative learning. Based upon this study, recommendations were made for university educators to provide authentic and personal experiences in Wellness curricula. Emphasis must focus on involving students and teachers in a partnership for implementing Wellness programs both in the curriculum and co-curricularly. The implications of this research for practice are predicated on the willingness of academics to embrace transformative learning at a personal level and a professional one. To explore students' profiles in detail is not practical however teaching students how to guide us in supporting them through the "pain" of learning is a skill which would benefit them and optimise the learning and teaching process. At a theoretical level, this research contributes to an ecological theory of Wellness education as transformational change. By signposting the wider contexts in which learning takes place, it seeks to encourage changing paradigms to ones which harness the energy of each successive contextual layer in which students live. Future research which amplifies the qualities of individuals and groups who are "Well" and seeks the refinement and development of instruments to measure Wellness constructs would be desirable for both theoretical and applied knowledge bases. Mixed method Wellness research derived and conducted by teams that incorporate expertise from multiple disciplines such as psychology, anthropology, education, and medicine would enable creative and multi-perspective programs of investigation to be designed and implemented. Congruences and inconsistencies in health promotion and education would provide valuable material for strengthening the nexus between transformational learning and behaviour change theories. Future development of and research on the effectiveness of the CARING heuristic would be valuable in advancing the understanding of pedagogies which advance rather than impede learning as a transformative process. Exploring pedagogical models that marry with transformative education may render solutions to the vexing challenge of teaching and learning in diverse contexts.


The author addresses Kant's transcendental solution to the problem of objectness. This article focuses on Kant's concept of object and the problem of legitimacy of establishing correlation between 'I' and objects. The author specifies the substantive elements of this correlation through addressing the concept of experience and the objectivity of experience and comes to the conclusion that objectivity as a result of objectification and as objectivity primary to the given objectivity indicate one another, thus, it is possible to speak of objectivity constituted "in" us and objectivity "justifying" the phenomenon.


We study the phase diagram of the Dicke model in terms of the excitation energy and the radiation-matter coupling constant lambda. Below a certain critical value lambda(c), all the energy levels have a well-defined parity. For lambda > lambda(c) the energy spectrum exhibits two different phases separated by a critical energy E-c that proves to be independent of lambda. In the upper phase, the energy levels have also a well-defined parity, but below E-c the energy levels are doubly degenerated. We show that the long-time behavior of appropriate parity-breaking observables distinguishes between these two different phases of the energy spectrum. Steady states reached from symmetry-breaking initial conditions restore the symmetry only if their expected energies are above the critical. This fact makes it possible to experimentally explore the complete phase diagram of the excitation spectrum of the Dicke model.


N A RECENT study it was reported by GreenI berg ef al. (I) that the volume of distribution of creatinine in the dog was of the order of 40-60% of the body weight (average 48.5 % ; range 37.9-59.7 %). This estimate was made by dividing the equilibrium concentration of exogenous creatinine in the plasma at the end of a constant infusion into the exogenous creatinine balance in the body fluids. The latter was estimated by determining creatinine excretion after discontinuing the infusion and subtracting the 'dead space' creatinine and basal creatinine excretion. The crea tinine space obtained was considerably lower than that previously reported for the volume of distribution of creatinine in the dog by Dominguez, Goldblatt and Pomerene (2). These authors, studying the disappearance curve of creatinine after single intravenous injection estimated the volume of distribution of creatinine to be 76% of the body weight, a value which they recognized to be greater than the body water. In their analysis of the disappearance curve of creatinine, Dominguez et ~2. originally made the basic assumption that with the passage of time creatinine became homogeneously distributed throughout its entire volume of distribution; that is to say, that the 'tissue' creatinine concentration became identical with the 'plasma' concentration after sufficient time had elapsed. That this assumption is invalid for two compartment systems with excretory and intercompartmen tal clearances can be demonstrated readily with physical models. It has also been shown (3) that after single intravenous injections of inulin in dogs


Introduction: Gynecological cancers are among the most common in women worldwide, with cervical cancer (CC) being the most frequent type and considered an important public health problem. Methodology: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional, observational study with a quantitative approach, in which 76 women who were being treated for CC in 2020 were interviewed through a questionnaire. The data were entered and reviewed in a program spreadsheet editor and analyzed in a statistical program, where the absolute and relative frequencies of the variables of interest were calculated. Results: It was observed that 27.6% of the women were between 41 and 50 years old, 72.4% were brown, 35.5% had not completed elementary school, 53.9% were married or in a stable relationship, 43.4% had a paid job and 56.6% had a monthly family income of one minimum wage, with 38.2% having menarche at the age of 12 years or less, 65.8% reported their first sexual intercourse at 16 or more years of age, 48.7% had five or more pregnancies, 55.3% had no history of miscarriage, 64.5% used or are using hormonal contraceptives, 60.5% did not undergo regular Pap smear tests and 58.82% had a diagnosis of CC at an advanced stage. Conclusion: Socioeconomic vulnerability, early onset of sexual life, multiparity, low adherence to the preventive examination and diagnosis at na advanced stage were the main characteristics of patients affected by CC.


The rapid thermal annealing behavior of BF+2 and As+ +BF+2 implanted into crystalline and preamorphized silicon is studied. After solid phase epitaxy nearly complete electrical activity is obtained without channeling tails (for the preamorphized silicon) or significant thermal diffusion. Dislocation loops always appear near the amorphous‐crystalline (α/c) interface of the preamorphized layer after solid phase epitaxy annealing (called ''deep disorder''). For preamorphization using Si+ damage into room‐temperature silicon targets, dislocations also span between the deep disorder and the surface, called ''spanning dislocations.'' The spanning dislocations are eliminated by preamorphization using Ge+ implanted into room‐temperature silicon targets. Transmission electron microscopy studies show the spanning dislocations move to the surface under thermal treatment, while the deep disorder remains to act as a getter region. The deep disorder is shown to getter F, or Au when Au is intentionally diffused from the...


This work evaluates the relation between the release of new office spaces, according to standards and to the location of such buildings within the city of São Paulo of 1940 the 2006, through the GIS, excluded the central area. The methodology involves the research of 1388 buildings of offices, including the processing of registration files by using GIS, considering low, average and upscale levels. Those results made possible the construction of a evolution timeline of the new commercial centers in the avenues. Therefore, the "peaks" of technological development in the real estate market were defined, probably as result of the economy performance and the incited competition, with positive impact in the final product quality. This process is could be seen in the maps were the largest concentrations of "specialized" buildings are. The understanding of this dynamics shall be used as a import tool for urban planning, considering the fast development of southern areas of the city, other issues as: the aggravation of the traffic problems, the price growth of certain areas, and the planning of future infrastructure improvments.


UDP-glucuronosyl transferases (UGT) mediate a conjugation reaction by glucuronidation of various clinically important drugs. The functional significance of genetic polymorphisms in these UGTs are main concern of the current researchers of UGTs. Valproate (valproic acid) is an antiepileptic drug glucuronidated mainly by UGT2B7. We investigated the effect of genetic polymorphism on pharmacokinetics of valproate in healthy normal volunteers. Before the clinical study, we screened genotype of UGT2B7-T801A (T:*1, A:*2). Twenty three healthy subjects were enrolled and grouped with regard to the UGT2B7 genotype. The pharmacokinetic profile of valproate was characterized after valproate administration (600 mg once daily for 5 days). The plasma concentrations of valproate were analyzed before and 1, 1.25, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 5, 7, 9, 13, 25, 49 hours after 5 th valproate administration by TDX with FPIA method. Although the pharmacokinetic profiles of valproate did not showed significant differences between the UGT2B7 genotype groups, a trend of decrease of clearance as increase of UGT2B7*2 allele was observed. Oral clearance of valproate in the UGT2B7*2/*2 group was 66% of that of the UGT2B7*1/*1 group. The results suggest that the UGT2B7*2/*2 genotype group possibly has a decreased clearance of valproate. Further study may be required to clarify the results.


This article aims to contextualise the data gathered on informal economy and networks in the Angolan diaspora in Lisbon within the context of the «Angola em Movimento» project. This data derived from a questionnaire. In the discussion of the data the author drew on twenty months of ethnographic fieldwork she has been doing on the diaspora since 2002, she looks at possible ways to interpret this new knowledge. The base consists of 200 valid questionnaires. The findings partly correspond to the author's experience, as they demonstrate the importance of extended family and kin relations to informal economic transactions and practices.


PURPOSE: A torque tube holder and a sunlight tracker using the same are provided to enable the twisting stress to be uniformly distributed on a cylindrical torque tube and to prevent the durability decrease due to the long use since a bearing supports the torque tube. CONSTITUTION: A torque tube holder comprises a cylindrical bearing(20), a cover(30), a flange(31), a half journal(50) and a post(70). The cylindrical bearing supports a cylindrical torque tube. The central part of the cover is formed in a cylinder shape and the cover supports the bearing. The flange is extended along the outer circumferential surface of the cover in a radial direction. The upper end of the half journal is formed in an arc shape and is fixed to the flange. The post supports the half journal.


cannot but be detrimental to that fluid; and here it seems reasonable to believe that advantage should accrue from stimulating the sluggish excretory organs, the skin and kidneys to increased functional activity. I beli eve however that, though we may certainly in a large number of these case w prevent danger by anticipating it, and relieve symptoms and complications when they arise, and thus benefit our patients most importantly ancd save life, we as certainly do not possess the power of cutting short or curing these diseases. Some of them, glanders and hydrophobia, never have been recovered from under any kind of treatment. Some of them, such as whooping-cough, always have a lengthened career; others, such as mumps, a very short one, whatever the remedial measures which may have been employed to combat them. And as regards the other affections belonging to this class, there is no doubt that in the large majority of cases they run their course, as to duration and stages, quite unembarassed by the obstacles which our puny efforts endeavour to put in their way. [To be concliudd.]


The trigger systems of the LHC detectors play a crucial role in determining the physics capabilities of experiments. In 2015, the center-of-mass energy of proton-proton collisions will reach 13 TeV up to an unprecedented luminosity of 1 × 1034 cm−2s−1. A reduction of several orders of magnitude of the event rate is needed to reach values compatible with detector readout, offline storage and analysis capabilities. The CMS experiment has been designed with a two-level trigger system: the Level-1 Trigger (L1T), implemented on custom-designed electronics, and the High Level Trigger (HLT), a streamlined version of the offline reconstruction software running on a computer farm. A software trigger system requires a trade-off between the complexity of the algorithms, the sustainable output rate, and the selection efficiency. With the computing power available during the 2012 data taking the maximum reconstruction time at HLT was about 200 ms per event, at the nominal L1T rate of 100 kHz. Tracking algorithms are widely used in the HLT in the object reconstruction through particle-flow techniques as well as in the identification of b-jets and lepton isolation. Reconstructed tracks are also used to distinguish the primary vertex, which identifies the hard interaction process, from the pileup ones. This task is particularly important in the LHC environment given the large number of interactions per bunch crossing: on average 25 in 2012, and expected to be around 40 in Run II with a large contribution from out-of-time particles. In order to cope with tougher conditions the tracking and vertexing techniques used in 2012 have been largely improved in terms of timing and efficiency in order to keep the physics reach at the level of Run I conditions. We will present the performance of these newly developed algorithms, discussing their impact on the b-tagging performances as well as on the jet and missing transverse energy reconstruction.


Public advert for number of posts to cover Maternity and related leave. The specific purpose contracts will vary in length.


Automation is an essential mechanism in every field of today's world using the currently available resources in an economical way. Everyday life without an automobile is improbable in this world. So this work aims at the development of explanatory system to display the multiple technical and safety parameters of the automobile resources like Emission, fuel flow, the alternate voltage of engine, engine temperature, exhaust temperature, a percentage of the hydrocarbons, tyre pressure, coolant, oil level, speed of engine and vehicle using a sole and compact LCD. The proposed method is also capable of improving the on-road CO2 emission estimation in automobiles by sending collected data to the National Data Centre (NDC) for further processing using Internet of Things (IoT) where the data is compared with a threshold value and sends warning to the user in case of an abnormal condition.


On the birth of philosophy, the ontological problematic which dips its roots into the Greek language and precisely into the present participle of the verb to be, is going to get a vital importance for the development of the occidental thinking. This linguistic mark, exclusively of the Greek language justifies the fact that philosophy is the function of the ontologic difference and for that one, being and thinking is the same. because being can only be thought from the apriority that gnoseologically imposes its transcendental statute.


Background: In people with intellectual disabilities (ID), respect for autonomy has to match with the cognitive and communicative possibilities and impairments of these persons. Since most people with ID are highly dependent on others, they need responsible and caring caregivers to maintain their autonomy at the end-of-life. Aim: To gain insight into how relatives and professionals can respect and support autonomy of people with ID in the very last phase of life. Methods: In this qualitative study 12 cases of recently deceased people with ID were reconstructed. Half of them died of cancer, while the others died from other chronic diseases or 'old age problems'. A total of 47 relatives, doctors, social workers and nurses were interviewed using a semi-structured topic list. A cyclic process of data collection and qualitative analysis was used to reach saturation. Results: Attitudes and skills that are important for respecting the autonomy of people with ID at the end-of-life are: (1) Paying attention to the - often changing - information needs, preferences and capacities, as well as attention to the patient's response to the information and care given; (2) Taking responsibility for communication with and involvement of the person with ID in decision-making; (3) Being creative in finding ways to involve people with ID in decisions; (4) Careful assessment how the person with ID responds to attempts of involving him or her in decisions and communication processes. Conclusions: Respect for autonomy requires that professionals and relatives are proactive and alert. They must carefully establish what needs are, and explore ways to involve patients with ID in end-of-life decisions. They have to communicate with the patient in such a way that (s)he feels safe to be receptive for information. This also implies that relatives and professionals are alert to signs of whether care decisions are either undermining or constructive for the autonomy of the person with ID. (aut. ref.)


The use of Moeller-Plesset perturbation theory, frequently designated MPn, in describing electron correlation in atomic and molecular systems is critically examined. Some recently published studies have examined the higher terms in the Moeller-Plesset perturbation expansion and the convergence behaviour of the perturbation series. From these investigations conclusions about the applicability of the low order theory have been drawn which, in view of the widespread use of MP2, demand more thorough analysis. Combining the Rayleigh-Schrödinger and the Brillouin-Wigner perturbation expansions avoids an infinite order expansion and yields a closed expression which consists of the MP2 energy components together with a remainder term. The applicablity of MP2 theory then rests upon the magnitude of this remainder term rather than the behaviour of the higher order terms in the perturbation series.


This audio-quality switched-capacitor (SC) /spl Delta//spl Sigma/ modulator operates from a single 1.5 V supply and dissipates 1.0 mW. When clocked at 2.82 MHz, it achieves 98.2 dB dynamic range (DR) in a 20 kHz bandwidth. The peak SNR and SNDR are 90 dB and 88 dB, respectively. The fully-differential experimental circuit has been integrated in a 0.5 /spl mu/m triple-metal single-poly CMOS n-well process with metal-to-poly capacitors.


Poetry education was the product of ancient rite system in China,and was originally included in musical education.After the collapse of the rite system since the Spring and Autumn and the Warring States Period,poetry education stood out more importantly than musical education because of Three Hundred Poems.Poetry education became the cultural identification of the whole society in the Western Zhou Dynasty,and Confucian patent after the Warring State Period.During its development,poetry education not only benefited a lot from Book,Rite,Yi,Spring and Autumn,but also absorbed rich academic nutrition from numeral schools of thoughts.Generation of Confucian views on poetry education in pre-Qin and Western and Eastern Han dynasties can be explored from the perspectives of textual interpretation of Three Hundred Poems and the construction of poetry education theory.


The results of studies of the enamel of teeth with periodontitis using the Raman spectroscopy method are presented in the work. The criteria for noninvasive diagnosing of periodontitis were developed. It is shown that this method allows noninvasive rapid assessment of periodontitis on the base of change of tooth enamel spectral properties.


Abstract : A vacuum apparatus for germinating dendritic strips out of semiconductor materials is described. The apparatus consists of a vacuum chamber in the cavity of which is a crucible with the original material fastened on a movable rod, a heater, and a rod. For the purpose of increasing the productivity of the apparatus in the cavity of the vacuum chamber there is eccentrically set a container which makes a turning movement in the horizontal plane for the collection of the cutoff strips, and in the wall of the chamber is mounted an attachment for cutting off the germinated strips from the seeding with the aid of an electric arc, designed in the form of two electrodes fastened on the end of the metallic tube and a rod set inside of it electrically insulating one from the other. (Author)


The utility model provides a section bar sagging mould used for machining a sagging area in a section bar. The section bar comprises a base plate which is in the shape of a flat plate. The section bar sagging mould comprises a lower mould which is supported below the base plate and an upper mould which is arranged above the base plate in a pressing mode, wherein the upper mould comprises a first upper mould and a second upper mould, the lower mould comprises a first lower mould which is located below the first upper mould and a second lower mould which is located below the second upper mould, and the distance between the first lower mould and the second upper mould is the designed length of the sagging area. Through the simple mould, elements made of a same section bar at different sagging positions can be formed, and a special sagging mould directing at different sagging specifications does not need to be designed, and therefore the section bar sagging mould has the advantages of saving a large quantity of mould cost, improving machining efficiency, simple in structure and the like.


LinProT is a learning aid that combines the use of computer and mobile devices with educational materials. It is part of a learning approach that gives users the opportunity to learn with a self-directed learning approach. LinProT is an educational courseware for the Optimization Methods course. LinProT consists of a multimedia elements package including short video tutorials and scanned pictures by using QR Code and Augmented Reality applications. The main contents in LinProT are notes, exercises and tutorial videos. Users can enjoy a new experience of learning through courseware and reduce frustration from conventional learning and boring reading.


Standardized education and narrow curriculum testing reduces students' abilities to critically think and creatively solve real-world problems. Although public policy emphasizes these important and practical skills, they have not adequately manifested in United States classrooms. They are instead filled with shallow prescribed curriculum that fails to inspire and guide students to think creatively. Science education provides a unique opportunity to engage students by solving real problems through flexible co-constructed supportive environment.


A new approach for the geometrical optimization of five-axis-movement is presented in this paper. Rega rding a fiveaxis-movement with large tolerances for lead and ti l -angle for example in the case of laser-cutting there are endl ess ways of generating motions without violating the orientation-tolerances. By regarding the movement of the involved axes it i s shown that for a given 5-axis trajectory and given tolerances there exists an optimal motion with a minimal amount of mechanical excitation of the machine-tool within the tolerances. The traj ectory is described by quintic non uniform rational B-splines (NURBS). The decrease of mechanical excitation is exemplifie d by the use of a simplified machine-model.


The structure of the title compound has been determined from three-dimensional X-ray data, by Patterson and Fourier methods. Crystals are monoclinic, with unit-cell dimensions a= 10·558(2), b= 13·747(3), c= 24·581(3)A, β= 112·45(3)˙, space group P21/c, and Z= 4. Least-squares refinement, by use of 3037 independent reflections measured on a diffractometer, has reached R 0·067.The complex is monomeric and the metal atom has a somewhat distorted octahedral co-ordination, with two pairs of like ligands mutually trans. Rh–P distances are 2·325–2·415, and Rh–Cl, 2·362–2·429 A.The crystal used in the structure determination was doped with ca. 2% OsIII in order to relate the principal axes of the g-tensor found from e.s.r. studies with the directions of the metal–ligand bonds.


An efficient molecular iodine-promoted method for the synthesis of (E)-β-iodo vinylsulfones using water as the solvent at room temperature has been developed. This green reaction is fast, operationally simple, environmentally benign and, especially, proceeds under very mild conditions to afford the target products with high regio- and stereoselectivity.


While Industry 4.0 is characterized by greater automation, manual
assembly systems continue to play an important role. A search was conducted
in INSPEC and Compendex databases to uncover trends in research
focused on human/worker in an Industry 4.0 context. In total 1469
relevant bibliographic references where obtained. The bibliographic dataset
was analyzed using VOSviewer to create a map of terms. Results from this
dataset show a significant change in the rate of scientific production in 2019
(23% Vs. 200%+). Three major communities of terms where identified and
mean term occurrence calculated: technological infrastructure (148.7),
worker performance (94.4), adoption and integration (72.8). Augmented reality
and human-robot collaboration were the most studied technologies associated
with workers in an Industry 4.0 context.


One of the modern plant breedings through genetic engineering is Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation can be performed in vitro or in planta. In planta transformation arises from the weaknesses of the in vitro method such as need high hygiene standard, professional tissue culture experts, and more time to prepare explants and somaclonal variation. In planta transformation is a method to transfer the gene to the plant genome without any tissue culture stages. The aims of this research were to know the possibility of the prick and soak in planta method with the target of tomato seeds and to know the most suitable inoculation time for tomato seeds transformation by prick and soak method the transformation is done by pricking the seeds and soaking them in the A. tumefaciens suspension. The treatments in this study were 1 and 2 days inoculation time to test the efficacy of prick and soak in planta transformation method. Tomato seeds were pricked with a needle on the center once, and then soaked in A. tumefaciens strain LB4404 suspension carrying pKYS-SoSPS1 plasmid with Neomycin Phosphotransferase (NPTII) and Saccharum officinarum Sucrose Phosphate synthase (SoSPS1) genes. Visualization of tomato's DNA samples after PCR showed that 1-day inoculation sample was positively integrated with NPTII gene and negative in the 2 days inoculation treatment.


FIELD: oil and gas industry. SUBSTANCE: they compare the standard value of the standard deviation of the total power and the value of the standard deviation of the total power determined from the product of the actual values of the current and voltage calculated basing on the condition of the minimum or maximum displacement of the rod from the suspension point and the condition of zero non-equality of the derivative of the pressure value calculated from the values of the rod displacement and pressure. EFFECT: minimized error of energy loss measurement due to the unbalance of the beam unit. 1 dwg


Open source software foundations (OSSFs) create, enhance, and support open source technology such as tools, frameworks, operating systems, productivity software, and content management systems. These foundations act as keystones to anchor ecosystems of companies that generate revenue by developing and commercializing products based on the outputs produced by the foundations. Examples of OSSFs include the Apache Software Foundation (apache.org), which supports the Apache HTTP Server among many other projects, and the Eclipse Foundation (eclipse.org), which supports the Eclipse software development environment.


This paper introduces a program-associated 3D NRT system that can provide high quality stereoscopic images via a terrestrial broadcasting network. A traditional DTV system is used for sending reference images in real-time and the ATSC NRT mechanism is extended for delivering additional images in advance of its use in the suggested system. For providing 3DTV services using a real-time stream and NRT content, this study proposes a time stamp based synchronization method that can provide frame level accurate synchronization.


Nowadays heavy metal contamination of soils became a big problem with accumulate in plants and affects animals and humans health. This study investigated the effects of soil lead concentration on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics in greenhouse planted tomato. Experiment was carried out based on completely randomized block design (CRBD) with three repetitions and four different levels of lead (control, 250, 500 and 1000 mg in kg of soil). Results showed that different lead concentrations had significant effect on chlorophyll b, carotenoid, bush height and the number of bush branches, number of leaf, stems diagonal and root lead concentration, chlorophyll a, and lead concentration in shoot. Maximum and minimum content of chlorophyll a and b were 6.64 and 3.34 mg.g -1 leave fresh weight respectively. The highest and lowest brush height was observed in control and 1000 mg.kg -1 treatments of lead.


A landmark for local residents for nearly two-hundred years, the Floating Bridge over Sunset Lake in Brookfield, VT is located along the last state-owned gravel road and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. As the floats become saturated over the years, along with continuous and costly maintenance, the decision was made to close it to traffic in 2007. The process of replacing and improving upon the bridge with a state-of-the-art fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) pontoon system was completed in May of 2015, led by a design consultant known for its innovation and knowledge of FRP structures. It was built to withstand freeze-thaw conditions, as well as unique loading conditions and combinations.


A new picture of quark confinement based on the instability of Coulomb phase at low energy was introduced by Volodya Gribov in the early nineties. In QCD the effective α coupling constant can reach very large values in the infrared regime what generates Coulomb phase instabilities. In the Gribov picture the instability leads to a vacuum decay into light quarks for coupling constants α larger than a critical value αcrit = 2Nπ(1 −2/3)/(N2 − 1), for SU(N) gauge theories. The instability of Coulomb phase can be derived from first principles in any non-Abelian gauge theory for α ≥2, a value which is larger than the Gribov critical value. In this paper we review the analytic derivation of the Gribov mechanism from first principles and analyze the effects of dynamical quarks in the instability of the Coulomb phase. The instabilities associated to light quarks turn out to appear at larger values of α than the ones induced from pure gluon dynamics, unlike it is expected in the standard Gribov scenario. The analyti...


The introduction of the eco-core sandwich panel composite is contributing a new approach to the designer to achieve high performance and light weight. These advanced natural fibre reinforced composite materials are increasingly being used in many applications including structural, aerospace, and defense and household appliances. However, the practical application for commercial use is not so widespread. High manufacturing cost can be justified if the product life cycle of the component is increased.
Efforts have therefore been directed in recent years towards the development of suitable light-weight materials for many engineering applications and polymer matrix composites (PMCs) with phenolic or aluminium foam laminated composite have shown great promise in order to fulfill the current demands for structural applications. These materials in generally showed lower density and higher strength-stiffness ratios as compared to the conventional sheet metal or metallic materials and are expected to result in weight reduction of up to 50-60. However, no information is available in the literature on the study of eco-core metal matrix composite sandwich structure.
In this research project, the new kenaf eco-core sandwich panel will be developed and then laminated with aluminium for the development of new advanced composite with the aim to investigate the effects of sandwich panel shape and variable metal faces on the properties of developed composites. The final goal is to find the optimum eco-core metal matrix composite sandwich structure with maximum mechanical properties such as stiffness and buckling. Kenaf eco-core sandwich will be fabricated and study on the interaction between eco-core sandwich panel and metal faces will be performed.


Elastomeric materials are utilized in numerous dynamic applications including hoses, seals, tires, mountings, dampers and insulating devices found in automobiles and other vehicles. In many applications, the elastomeric materials of choice are not resistant to certain hostile environments they are exposed to during service. One method of rendering molded elastomeric parts resistant to degrading environments is to apply a protective coating over the elastomeric material. However, most elastomeric coatings suffer from poor fatigue resistance, poor low temperature characteristics and poor adhesion to the rubber substrate. Through innovative compounding, HNBR coatings have been developed that crosslink at room temperature. These coatings bond well to polar or non-polar elastomer substrates and exhibit excellent strength and fatigue resistance. These HNBR coatings can be used to improve the resistance of natural rubber and polybutadiene to ozone and to hydrocarbon oils and fuels. They also can be used to make rubber parts heat reflective or simply to improve the cosmetic appearance of molded rubber parts. The black coating will be marketed as Enduralast HPC-5B and the clear version as Enduralast HPC-5C.


The goal of the study was to determine profile of volatile compounds and asses the markers of cholesterol transformations during thermal processing using SPME-GC-MS technique. The profile of volatile compounds of cholesterol is dependent on the temperature (120°C, 150°C, 180°C and 220°C) and time (30, 60, 120 and 180 minutes) used during processing. The highest contents of volatile compounds were observed during thermal processing of cholesterol at 180°C and 220°C. The most abundant group of volatiles were carbonyl compounds e.g. aldehydes, ketones and hydrocarbons. Statistical analysis of data allowed to point out markers of cholesterol changes like degradation, oxidation, polymerisation and formation of cholestadienes. 4-methylpentan-2-ol was recognized as possible marker of cholesterol oxidation, 6-methylheptan-2-one was markers of cholesterol degradation and 4-mehyldec-2-ene and 5-methylhexanal as markers of cholesterol polymerization. Volatile components that can be associated with formation of cholestadienes were 2-pentanone and 2-methylheptane.

Practical applications: The method reported in this study may be used for determination of volatile compounds in thermally processed sterol standards especially cholesterol. The developed method able us to determine the profile and content of volatiles, which were used during evaluation of cholesterol changes after thermal treatment. The reported data are crucial for assessment of markers of cholesterol degradation e.g. 6-methylheptan-2-one or thermal oxidation e.g. was 4-methylpentan-2-ol. Markers of cholesterol dimerization were 4-methyldec-2-ene and 5-methylhexanal. Moreover 2-pentanone and 2-methylheptane are volatiles which presence can be associated with formation of cholestadienes. This method can be used as evaluation method for changes of sterols, without a need of determination of sterols and other compounds like oxysterol, polymers of cholesterol and cholestadienes.


The scientific article, based on the study and analysis of the positions of scientists, the provisions of the criminal procedural legislation of Ukraine, highlights the concepts and essential features of forensic evidence support in criminal proceedings.The research of the topic was carried out using the inductive method, highlighting separately the following components: «forensic support», «evidence» and «criminal proceedings».The author of the article sets the goal of defining the concept of forensic evidence support in criminal proceedings and its essential features.The work emphasizes that forensic support includes only such basic elements as: technical, tactical, and methodical forensic support, and evidence: collection, verification, and evaluation of evidence. The doctrinal content of each key element of both forensic support and evidence is highlighted.The list of authorized subjects who are obliged and have the right to conduct evidence using the means of forensic techniques, tactics and methods is presented. Highlighting the elements of the concept of "forensic support" and "proof" made it possible to form the features of the general concept of "forensic support of proof in criminal proceedings".
In general, the author came to the conclusion that the forensic support of evidence in criminal proceedings is the activity of meeting the needs of authorized subjects during the collection, verification and evaluation of evidence, providing them with the means of forensic techniques, tactics and methods in order to establish the subject of evidence during pre-trial investigation and court proceedings regarding criminal offenses, as well as conducting procedural actions in connection with the commission of an act provided for by the law of Ukraine on criminal responsibility.


Fractional calculus is concerned with the generalization of integrals and derivatives of noninteger.Fractional derivatives grants an excellent tool for the description of memory and hereditary properties of various materials and processes. This is the keybenefit of fractional differential equations in similarity with classical integer-order models. Fractional differential equationcome up in many engineering and scientific disciplines as the mathematical modeling of systems and processes in the fields of physics, chemistry, aerodynamics, electrodynamics of complex medium, polymer rheology and so additionally, involves derivatives of fractional order. The theory and application of integrodifferential equations plays ansignificant role in the mathematical modeling of many fields: physical, biological phenomena and engineering sciences in which it is necessary to take into account the effect of real world problems. Most of the practical systems are integrodifferential equations in nature and hence the study of integrodifferential equations becomes very important. In recent years, many researchers have studied about the boundary value problems of nonlinear fractional differential equations [1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10-14]. Most of the resultshave explained that the fractional differential equations had as a minimum single and multiple positive solutions by using techniques of nonlinear analysis. For instance, the authors[10] considered the existence of multiple positive solutions for the following fractional differential equation with a negatively perturbed term


DVD CONTENTS VII FOREWORD JOHN ELDER ROBISON XI PREFACE XIII ACKNOWLEDGMENTS XV ABOUT THE AUTHOR XVII P A R T O N E GETTING READY 1 WHY TEACH SOCIAL SKILLS TO TEENS AND YOUNG ADULTS? 1 P A R T T W O THE SCIENCE OF DEVELOPING AND MAINTAINING FRIENDSHIPS 2 FINDING AND CHOOSING GOOD FRIENDS 17 3 GOOD CONVERSATIONS: THE BASICS 51 COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL 4 STARTING AND ENTERING CONVERSATIONS 97 5 EXITING CONVERSATIONS 121 6 MANAGING ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATION 145 7 SHOWING GOOD SPORTSMANSHIP 179 8 ENJOYING SUCCESSFUL GET-TOGETHERS 199 P A R T T H R E E THE SCIENCE OF HANDLING PEER CONFLICT AND REJECTION: HELPFUL STRATEGIES 9 DEALING WITH ARGUMENTS 231 10 HANDLING VERBAL TEASING 247 11 ADDRESSING CYBER BULLYING 267 12 MINIMIZING RUMORS AND GOSSIP 281 13 AVOIDING PHYSICAL BULLYING 307 14 CHANGING A BAD REPUTATION 323 EPILOGUE: MOVING FORWARD 341 HOW TO USE THE DVD 348 BIBLIOGRAPHY 349 INDEX 359


Abstract The incidence of Azotobacter and of nitrogen-fixing clostridia was examined in 29 New Zealand soils under introduced pasture or native grasses, and also in some of the soils under crops or under spray-irrigation with dairy factory wastes. Azotobacter was recovered only from heavily manured soil from a market garden. Nitrogen-fixing clostridia were present in all soils. Numbers were lowest in dry, cool, or very acid soils (mean of hundreds per g), were lower in soils of coarse texture than in comparable ones of finer texture, and were greatest in moist soils of fine texture irrigated with dairy factory wastes (mean of millions per g). Ten soils from Australia and five from the Cook Islands were also examined. Azotobacter was recovered from half of them, and clostridia occurred in numbers similar to those in New Zealand soils with like rainfalls.


The paper proposes a new antenna at 5.8 GHz with separate transmit/receive (Tx/Rx) accesses and compatible with the PCMCIA format. Moreover, in order to mitigate the multipath propagation effects, a 2-order diversity is implemented. This solution is based on printed slot type end-fire antennas. Measurement results agree well with simulations.


Diode-pumped femtosecond chirped pulse regenerative amplifiers based on Yb3+-materials are of practical importance for wide range of scientific, industrial and biomedical applications. The aim of this work was to study the amplification of broadband chirped femtosecond pulses in regenerative amplifier based on Yb3+:CaYAlO4crystal.Such systems use femtosecond mode-locked lasers as seed pulse sources and amplify nJ-seed pulses to sub-mJ energy range. Most chirped pulse regenerative amplifier systems described in the literature use seed lasers with typical pulse spectral width at the level of 10–15 nm full width at half maximum (FWHM) that limit the seed pulse duration of about 90 fs and amplified pulse duration at the level of 200 fs due to strong influence of gain narrowing effect on the amplified pulse parameters. Yb3+-doped crystals with wide and smooth gain bandwidth as an active medium of chirped femtosecond pulse regenerative amplification systems allow to reduce negative contribution of gain narrowing effect and lead to shortening of amplified pulses. In this research we study the chirped pulse regenerative amplification of broad-band femtosecond pulses (60 nm spectral width FWHM) in the Yb3+:CaYAlO -based chirped pulse regenerative amplifier. Substantial reduction of the amplified pulse duration down to 120 fs (19.4 nm spectral width FWHM) with average power of 3 W at 200 kHz pulse repetition frequency was demonstrated without any gain narrowing compensation technique.The results of experimental investigation of broad-band seeded Yb3+:CaYAlO -based chirped pulse regenerative amplifier are reported for the first time to our knowledge. 120 fs-pulses (19.4 nm FWHM) with average output power of 3 W were demonstrated without any gain narrowing compensation technique. Despite the significant reduction of amplified pulse duration the task of improvement group velocity dispersion balance (including high orders of group velocity dispersion) remains relevant.


HE PREVIOUS CHAPTERS DEMONSTRATED THAT even basic institutions such as land rights and land markets will be unable to operate without receiving support from the state in the form of public goods and a conducive policy environment, and that in environments where other factor markets do not work well, unfettered operation of land markets by themselves is unlikely to bring about a socially optimal outcome. This chapter reviews what this implies in terms of the government's role to either establish the framework that will allow markets to function, to go beyond markets to ensure that social and equity concerns are satisfied, or to regulate markets so that externalities and other market failures are adequately accounted for. All these areas imply an important role for governments. The chapter begins by reviewing the progress of and the remaining challenges for the tremendous restructuring of the farming sector in Eastern Europe and the CIS to lead to productivity-enhancing outcomes. Then, based on historical and more recent experience with land reform, it identifies and discusses a number of implications of productivity-enhancing land reforms. Next the chapter turns to conflict over land, based either on historical grievances or on increasing scarcity of productive land combined with limited off-farm opportunities, which is becoming increasingly relevant in many developing countries. Finally, it examines how governments can contribute to more effective land use by privatizing land where no rationale for government ownership exists, by taxing land to encourage its productive use and provide resources for the delivery of public goods and the functioning of local governments, and by land use regulations that maximize social benefits.


This study aims at identifying the pattern of exports by the Paraná mesoregions in the years 2001, 2011 and 2021. To do so, the method of regional Location Quotient analysis was applied. The results demonstrated that the extraction sectors, such as wood and pearls


Students with disorders of intellectual development (ID) often experience writing difficulties, and effective interventions are highly needed. This systematic review and meta-analysis of single-case experimental design (SCED) studies summarize the effects of writing interventions for students with disorders of ID aged 4–19 years. We conducted a systematic search of seven databases, ancestral and forward searches of relevant sources, and contacted well-known authors in the field. Fifteen and 10 studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analyses, respectively. The overall results indicate that the participants improved their writing skills, with a large between-case standardized mean difference (BC-SMD) effect on the number of words and sentences written (BC-SMD = 1.22) and on the quality of paragraph and story writing (BC-SMD = 1.39). Students with disorders of ID can benefit from writing interventions, and the study results may provide practitioners with important insight into promising writing instructions and materials. There is a need for high-quality research targeting encoding (i.e., transforming sound into letters) skills for early school-age students with disorders of ID.


Objective To evaluate coronary arteriography(CAG) and intracoronary stent implantation (CASI) in the diagnosis and therapy of coronary artery dissection.Methods 12 patients with coronary artery dissection were selected from 1082 cases of CAG and 434 cases of coronary angioplasty,and intracoronary stent implantation was performed to them.Results All the patients with coronary artery dissection were successefully implanted intracoronary stents,as a result the dissections were closed and the patient's symptom were alleviated.Conclusion CAG could be the best method in the diagnosis of coronary artery dissection, and stent implantation was safe and effective in the therapy of coronary artery dissection.


Introduction Multiple myeloma is the most common primary tumor of the spine. Spinal multiple myeloma is classically a radiosensitive lesion; however, clinical or radiographic signs of instability merit surgical intervention. The authors present the epidemiology, surgical indications, and outcome data of the largest single series of 31 consecutive surgically treated patients with diagnoses of multiple myeloma and plasmacytoma of the spine. Methods The Spinal Instability Neoplastic Score (SINS) was utilized to make an assessment of surgical instability as the criteria for operative intervention. Patients were analyzed using lesion location, Frankel score, adjuvant therapy, outcome, and survival. Results All patients undergoing surgical intervention had either indeterminate or gross spinal column instability according to SINS criteria. Median survival was 78.9 months. No significant difference in survival was seen for patients with higher SINS scores or for older patients (> 55 years). There was a statistically significant difference in survival benefit observed in patients receiving chemotherapy and radiation versus radiation alone as an adjuvant to surgery (p = 0.02). Conclusion The report demonstrates outcomes for patients with indeterminate stability and gross spinal instability because of multiple myeloma and plasmacytoma of the spine who underwent surgical intervention with improved neurological function following surgery and low rates of instrumentation failure.


Regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (RR-P3HT) has been a benchmark for organic field effect transistors containing a conjugated polymer. Here, we focus on a new class of materials that we have developed: block copolymers of RRP3HT and of a non-conjugated polymer. By varying the physical properties of the non-conjugated segment, it is possible to fine-tune the physical and electrical properties of the copolymer for various device applications. Here, we report the synthesis, UV-Vis, and conductivity of a series of block copolymers of RR-P3HT containing poly(methyl acrylate) (PMA) as the second segment. We also present preliminary results of these polymers in FET devices. We find that despite the presence of the insulating segment, these polymers have relatively high mobilities, especially when the substrate is treated with octyltrichlorosilane. For example, a mobility of 0.03 cm2V-1s-1 is reported for the block copolymer P3HT-b-PMA containing 41 mole % PMA, for a film drop-cast from a chloroform solution under ambient conditions. This work demonstrates that using block copolymers is a good approach for improving the material's properties while maintaining a high solid-state order that is critical for good OFET performance.


OBJECTIVES: To precise clinical differences of three uterine evacuation procedures for incomplete abortion, quality and costs of human and material resources, and acceptability of immediate postabortion contraception. DESIGN: Prospective study of 759 patients with uncomplicated incomplete abortion attended at Maria Auxiliadora Hospital Gynecology and Obstetrics Department randomly assigned to either dilatation and curettage (D&C, 348 patients) or manual (211) or electrical (200) suction. Clinical findings, and post op complications were registered. Contraceptive counseling was offered. If patient did not return for evaluation within 30 days, she was visited at home. RESULTS: Either analgesia or sedation was use during the procedure, bleeding was higher with D&C and pain was more frequent with suction. No significant differences were found with either method in regards to complications, efficacy of procedure, hospital stay, costs, or contraception counseling. Five hundred and seventy eight (78,2%) patients chose a contraceptive method and continuers were 601% with pills, 66,1% with medroxiprogesterone, and 89% with IUD. CONCLUSIONS: Manual aspiration. The incomplete abortion is clinically advantageous. The postabortion period is a good moment to administer contraceptives.


Blood dyscrasias are the widely known side effect of the second-generation antipsychotic medications. Aripiprazole rarely causes hematological side effects and it is considered relatively safe. We present the case report of a seven-year-old male who developed acute neutropenia a week after starting aripiprazole. His absolute neutrophil count (ANC) arose spontaneously once the medication was stopped. Clinicians should periodically check ANC in the patients taking aripiprazole as neutropenia could be lethal in extreme cases. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of leukopenia associated with aripiprazole in the child and adolescent population.


Abstract Let G=(V, E) be a graph and let S ⊆ V. The set S is a dominating set of G if every vertex in V \ S is adjacent to some vertex in S. The set S is a restrained dominating set if every vertex in V \ S is adjacent to a vertex in S and to a vertex in V \ S. The minimum cardinality of a restrained dominating set is called restrained domination number of G and it is denoted by γr(G). A set S ⊆ V(G) is called a secure (restrained) dominating set if S is (restrained) dominating and for all u ϵ V \ S there exists v ϵ S ∩ N(u) such that (S \ {v}) ∪ {u} is (restrained) dominating. The minimum cardinality of a secure (restrained) dominating set is a secure (restrained) domination number of G and it is denoted by γs(G) (γsr(G)). In this paper we characterize few classes of graphs for which γr(G)=γsr(G) and γs(G)=γsr(G). Specific values of certain graphs are determined and Nordhaus Gaddum type results are discussed.


One of the more interesting facts about human language is that we can use different forms to refer to the same thing, and the same form can be used to refer to many different things. Yet people somehow manage to understand one another...The question then is: what do speakers/writers know that enables them to choose an appropriate form to refer to a particular object and what do hearers/readers know that enables them to identify correctly the intended referent of a particular form?


A rare case of metastasizing goiter (malignant adenoma) discovered from lumbar vertebral metastasis is reported. The patient was a 49-year-old male who complained of lumbago, numbness of the legs and difficulty in walking. On X-ray and computed tomography, the body of L2 was markedly osteolytic and destroyed. Needle biopsy of L2 revealed metastasis from follicular carcinoma of the thyroid. He was then referred to our department of Gunma University Hospital. Physical examination showed two small nodules in the middle portion of the right thyroid lobe. Thyroglobulin level in serum was a high 1340 ng/ml. Another metastatic lesion with a large mass was found in the left ilium. Systemic 123I scan and 201Tl scan were positive in these lesions. Total thyroidectomy with modified radical neck dissection was undertaken. Histologically, two nodules of the thyroid were diagnosed as metastasizing goiter with follicular structure due to scanty atypisum and absence of invasion to the capsule or vessels. After operation, radioactive iodine therapy was performed with 100 mCi of Na 131I. Cases of metastasizing goiter reported in Japan are reviewed and discussed.


To evaluate mineral nutrition in cattle production systems in the
central plains of Venezuela, in well drained (WDS) and poorly drained
(PDS) savannas as well as intermediate savannas (IS), nine cattle
production units were selected in the municipal district of Pao de San
Juan Bautista of Cojedes state, Venezuela, corresponding to a dry
tropical forest. Soil, forage, animal blood serum, bone and liver
samples were taken for chemical analysis. Ca, K, and Mg cations were
higher than the critical levels required for forage production.
Phosphorus content (ppm) was adequate in PDS (12.5), slightly lower in
IS (9.0), and deficient in WDS (6.8). In forage, P was found to be
adequate with values of 0.26 and 0.21% for PDS and IS, respectively,
being deficient in WDS (0.12%). Calcium was higher in PDS (0.56%),
followed by IS (0.39%) and PDS (0.26%) Magnesium, K, Na, and Cu content
in forage was higher than the suggested critical levels for cattle,
while Fe and Mn were very height. In blood serum, P was low with higher
values in younger animals (4.16, 3.44, 3.34 mg/dL for calves, heifers,
and cows, respectively). Hepatic Cu (98 ppm), Zn (129 ppm), and Mn (9.7
ppm) were adequate, while Fe (287 ppm) was high, in line with forage
and blood concentrations. In bone tissue, Ca (21.7%, 243 mg/cm3) and P
(9.9%, 106 mg/cm3) concentrations were deficient. It is concluded that
P deficiency is present in the soil-plant-animal system, eventually Ca
in some components of the system (blood serum, bone and forage) and
high concentrations of Fe, Mn and Zn are present and may be involved in
some antagonistic relationships.


The purpose of this study was to know the effect of different training methods on health related physical fitness of school going adolescent students. One hundred twenty school going adolescent students, age ranging between 13 to 15 years acted as subjects and assigned to four groups (three experimental and one control group) with 30 students each. The three experimental groups were Circuit Training, Plyometric Training and Interval Training groups. Health related physical fitness parameters such as Abdominal Muscle Strength (Sit Up), Flexibility (Sit and Reach), Cardiovascular Endurance (1 Mile Run), and Body Fat % ( Triceps and Sub-Scapular Skin fold) were measured before and after training. All the experimental Groups (Circuit training, Plyometric training and Interval training) was administered with the selected exercises, thrice in a week for a duration of 12 weeks under direct supervision of the researcher. The analysis of data revealed that the three experimental groups, showed significant gains in performance of health related physical fitness after administration of training for duration of 12 weeks. The control group did not show any significant increase in the performance.


THIS PAPER will report on the investigation of certain problems in the optimum control of a linear dynamic system, particularly the problem of determining the minimum time required to drive a linear, constant coefficient dynamic system from an initial state to a specified terminal state with a limited power source. An important feature of this treatment is that an elementary method of solution for the problem is given. This is a method of successive approximations based on the adjoint system of differential equations. The method is similar to that which Bliss used in calculating differentials in Ballistics. A program for solving the minimum-time problem on a digital computer will be presented, and elementary methods will be used to prove that if the routine converges, then the solution thus found yields the desired minimum time.


Many fish stocks today are declining due to the heavy harvesting and the increasingly demand for more food caused by the growing human population. Life-history trait as age and size at maturity are affected, the fish are getting smaller and younger at maturity. The selection is caused by genotypic selection and or phenotypic plasticity. A problem with this investigation is that few scientific surveys cover no more then a few decades. It is not known when the selection started and there is a danger of adopting a "shifting baseline". In this study a small selection of the Skagerrak cod (Gadus morhua), situated in the Sondeledfjord were studied. The data was sampled in November 2006 by repeating a study done in 1905 by Dahl and Dannevig. The cod data from 2006 was compared with the data from 1905, to see if there were any change in the size and age at maturity. By comparing todays` data with data sampled 100 a years ago, the baseline might be more correct. The data were sampled by accompanying a local fisherman using eel-pot as traps. I predicted that the cod would mature earlier today because of the high exploitation rate the cod has experienced. The results showed the opposite, hence they are maturing later today. They are bigger and older at maturity and they grow faster. Catch-per-unit-effort data also indicate that there might be less fishing today than in 1905. The results might indicate that the decrease in fishing activity resulted in stronger natural selection and increased growth. Phenotypic plasticity may also contribute to the increased growth, due to the less intraspesific competition after the heavy fishing. The trade-off between growth and reproduction, leads to later maturation. The changes could have been difficult to spot if the comparative data were relatively fresh. Hence it was advantageous and helpful to the study's integrity that the data from the original study was a 100 years old. These results indicate that the cod in the Sondeledfjord may be living in better conditions and that the selection by the fishing can be reversed.


Measuring instruments were necessary to be tested,but the actual performance of equipments and manufacturers'nominal indicators were different.Simply following the manufacturers'nominal targets would result in unexpected job loss,the same as multi-beam echo sounder.Multi-beam echo sounder fun width was an important indicator of multi-beam,but due to operating the complex environment,it's difficult to be assessed by direct test methods.To solve this problem,a assessment theory of fun width based on acoustic model was proposed,the influence caused by different seabed sediments and different ships was analyzed.The changing regularity caused by depth and pulse was also researched.The last but not the least,taken SeaBat8101 as an example aimed to prove the validity of the assessment method,the fun width of SeaBat8101in different circumstances was assessed by the method.


The present article discusses the results of a survey of visitors at the Blomsholm grave field in Bohuslän during six days in July, 2004. The study addresses the problem of "the public", so often spoken about in current archaeological heritage management, but nevertheless fairly unknown. Who are the public and how do they relate to cultural heritage sites when visiting them? The results were both expected and unexpected; in this case the public turned out to consist of northern European tourists acting in a sometimes surprisingly similar way. The explanation might be that the visitors belong to a similar cultural sphere with a pre-understanding corresponding to the presentation of the cultural heritage at the site.


Guggul gum has been evaluated as a binder for Pharmaceutical dosage forms. No significant work has been reported on guggul gum to use it as a tablet binder. Paracetamol granules were prepared by wet granulation technique. The binder concentrations used in the formulations were 2, 4, 6 and 8% w/w. the evaluation of granules showed 0.65 to 0.70 mm particle size, 28.15 to 29.16 o angle of repose. Tablets were prepared and its evaluation showed 1.3 to 0.9% friability, hardness about 7 kg/cm2 10 to 20 min disintegration time and more than 90% dissolution in 90 min. Tablet at 8% w/w binder concentration showed more optimum results as tablet binder. Guggul gum was found to be useful for the preparation of uncoated tablet dosage form.


ABSTRACT Lead-contaminated mine tailings were bioremediated using microbial/phyto remediation. The optimum lead accumulation and tolerance capacity of the plant–microbe partnership were investigated, and their mechanisms were evaluated further under varied levels of lead contamination through a flowerpot experiment in a greenhouse. Enzymes activities revealed that bioremediation has improved fertility and metabolism of tailing soil. The removal efficiency of lead was in the order of microbial/phytoremediation > phytoremediation. Solanum nigrum L. was not shown to be a hyperaccumulator for lead. Mucor circinelloides significantly enhanced the growth response and lead accumulation in plants more than Mortierella and Trichoderma asperellum. Moreover, Mortierella was discovered to have good metal tolerance capacity under high Pb concentrations (1200 and 1600 mg kg−1). The results for lead bioavailability showed that phytostabilisation serves as a major repair pathway for S. nigrum L. Effective fractions were immobilised for decreased bioavailability by T. asperellum and M. circinelloides. On the contrary, an increased amount of lead was mobilised for increased bioavailability by Mortierella. This study provides new insights into the feasibility of using S. nigrum L. and the aforementioned indigenous fungus strains for large-scale bioremediation of mine tailings.


The crossing of environmental barriers poses major adaptive challenges. Rareness of freshwater-marine transitions separates the bacterial communities, but how these are related to brackish counterparts remains elusive, as are molecular adaptations facilitating cross-biome transitions. Here, we conduct large-scale phylogenomic analysis of freshwater, brackish, and marine quality-filtered metagenome-assembled genomes (11,276 MAGs). Average nucleotide identity analyses showed that bacterial species rarely existed in multiple biomes. Distinct brackish basins co-hosted numerous species despite differences in salinity and geographic distance, the latter having stronger intra-species population structuring effects. We further identified the most recent cross-biome transitions, which were rare, ancient, and most commonly directed towards the brackish biome. Transitions were accompanied by changes in isoelectric point distribution and amino acid composition of inferred proteomes, as well as convergent gains or losses of specific gene functions. Therefore, adaptive challenges entailing proteome reorganization and specific changes in gene content result in species-level separation between aquatic biomes.


Project management information systems have their proven position as an effective tool for achieving project management success in terms of the successful realization of the project regarding time, cost and quality. Recent research results have indicated that quality of project management information system output information is positively and significantly related to project management information system application and project management factors and revealed the empirical support. However, getting the reporting quality of the project status report, monthly generated from the project management information system based on the information timely maintained by the project managers, responsible for ERP implementation up to the satisfactory level at any time, can be problematic without having a systematic approach implemented. This article is to discuss how the continuous quality improvement based on the plan-do-check-act cycle was conducted on the reporting quality of the project status report from project management information system generated by the project managers, for achieving project management success in ERP projects implemented by a solution provider for their customers in the various industries in Japan. The results of the study indicate that the continuous improvement on the reporting quality of project management information system was found to be effective in achieving quality of project management information system output information to help managers in decision making, planning, organizing and controlling the project. It was also found to be effective in positively influencing achievement of project management success in terms of respecting the time, cost and quality.


We consider the variable selection problem in the nonlinear discriminant procedure using local likelihood. The local likelihood method is an effective technique for analyzing data with complex structure,and various bandwidth selection methods have been suggested in recent years. Variable selection in a nonlinear model,however, is more complex than bandwidth selection,since the optimal bandwidth depends on the combination of the variables. We propose a technique for variable selection using generalized information criteria in logistic discrimination based on local likelihood. We derive the logistic discrimination method with a sample covariance matrix to account for the correlation of the variables. Real data examples are given to examine the effectiveness of our technique.


The problem of housing levy and compensation has lasted for long,and focused on the center of public attention more recently.Rational design of the common collection system in China is a historic task,in which the establishment of private property protection system in the process must be completed.Regarding the housing levy issue,Citizen Participation in urban planning can not be ignored;the public interest identified by the key is to set up a reasonable,fair and scientific identification process.On the Legislation design,throughout the housing levy and compensation,it is necessary to introduce the links of the legislature,the judiciary and the counterpart to the supervision of the executive power and checks and balances.


Starting from discussions about the role of space in the history of male homosexuality and in LGBT identity formation, this article investigates patterns of space and movement in three gay-themed novels that Felix Rexhausen, a pioneer of gay literature and journalism in West Germany, wrote and/or published in the 1960s. The readings of the novels show that the centripetal movement from the province to the metropolis that might appear fundamental to what Jack Halberstam has labeled "metronormativity" is neither dominant nor normative in these narratives. Rather, Rexhausen's novels intertwine different models of spatiality in a complex and artful manner that can be fully grasped only by analyzing the relationship of narrative space and the spatial extension of the text. (BW)


The proliferation of wireless devices in the last three decades has been heralded as a technological revolution. H. Vincent Poor, the Michael Henry Strater University Professor at Princeton University, has been studying these devices and the networks on which they run since their infancy, and has helped usher in the revolution. With a background in information theory, electrical engineering, and computer science, Poor has led formative research on signal processing, social networks, multiuser communications, and smart grids. PNAS recently spoke to Poor, who was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 2011, about his current research.

H. Vincent Poor. Image courtesy of David Kelly Crow (photographer).

> PNAS:Your recent work examines security in the physical layer of wireless transmission. What is the physical layer, and why is security in this layer crucial?

> Poor:Networks operate through multiple layers of infrastructure that encode, transmit, route, regulate, and decode information. Layering is a very important part of network design, and it is one of the reasons why networks are ubiquitous. The advantage of having layers is …


The cationic porphyrin TPrPyP4, with four propyl substituents in the pyridinium rings, is evaluated in vitro by spectroscopic and polymerase-stop assays as a G4-DNA ligand and in cultured cells as a modulator of gene transcription. A comparison with the widely used TMPyP4 is presented.


The study investigates whether different types of cost accounts are sticky or anti-sticky cost behavior using all listed Jordanian manufacturing companies during the period 2008-2012. Also, the study examines the effect of some explanatory factors on cost stickiness. These factors are asset intensity, debt intensity, free cash flow and growth. The study finds anti-sticky cost behavior for cost of goods sold, and selling expenses, while the cost behavior for SG&A and Administration costs is found to be symmetric, exhibiting neither stickiness nor anti-stickiness. The CGS model shows higher degree of stickiness for companies that have higher asset intensity, and less degree of stickiness for free cash flow. Also, less degree of stickiness is found for growth in the GDP declining period (pessimistic period) as in the case of Jordan. On the other hand, selling expenses model shows higher degree of stickiness for free cash flow and a less degree of stickiness is found for debt intensity.


The integral experimental spectra of single hadrons at mountain height were obtained on the large ionization calorimeter. The cross sections of the interactions of nucleons with the nuclei of C, air, Fe, and Pb were measured in the energy range up to 30,000 GeV. The dependence of the inelasticity coefficient of the neutrons on the ntomic number of the substance was obtained. (tr-auth)


Epidermal-type Transglutaminase 3 (TGase 3) is a Ca2+-dependent enzyme involved in the cross-linking of structural proteins required in the assembly of the cell envelope. We have recently shown that calcium-activated TGase 3, like TGase 2, can bind, hydrolyze, and is inhibited by GTP despite lacking structural homology with other GTP-binding proteins. Here we report the crystal structure determined at 2.0 Å resolution of TGase 3 in complex with GMP to elucidate the structural features required for nucleotide recognition. Binding affinities for various nucleotides were found by fluorescence displacement to be as follows: guanosine 5′-3-O-(thio)triphosphate (GTPγS) (0.4 μm), GTP (0.6 μm), GDP (1.0 μm), GMP (0.4 μm), and ATP (28.0 μm). Furthermore, we found that GMP binds as a reversible, noncompetitive inhibitor of TGase 3 transamidation activity, similar to GTPγS and GDP. A genetic algorithm similarity program (GASP) approach (virtual ligand screening) identified three compounds from the Lead Quest™ data base (Tripos Inc.) based on superimposition of GTPγS, GDP, and GMP guanine nucleotides from our crystal structures to generate the minimum align flexible fragment. These three were nucleotide analogs without a phosphate group containing the minimal binding motif for TGase 3 that includes a nucleoside recognition groove. Binding affinities were measured as follows: TP349915 (Kd = 4.1 μm), TP395289 (Kd = 38.5 μm), TP394305 (Kd = 1.0 mm). Remarkably, these compounds do not inhibit but instead activate TGase 3 transamidation by about 10-fold. These results suggest that the nucleotide binding pocket in TGase 3 may be exploited to either enhance or inhibit the enzymatic activity as required for different therapeutic approaches.


Scandinavian health systems have traditionally been portrayed as relatively similar examples of decentralised, public integrated health systems. However, recent decades have seen significant public policy developments in the region that should lead us to modify our understanding. Several dimensions are important for understanding such developments. First, several of the countries have undergone structural reforms creating larger governance units and strengthening the state level capacity to regulate professionals and steer developments at the regional and municipal levels. Secondly, the three Nordic countries studied experienced an increase in the purchase of voluntary health insurance and the use of private providers. This introduces several issues for the equality of users and the efficiency of the system. This paper will investigate such trends and address the question: Is the Nordic health system model changing, and what are the consequences for trust, professional regulation and the public interest?


Abstract Ionospheric evidence is presented to show that oxygen at ionospheric heights is dissociated much more in the winter hemisphere than in the summer. The pattern of atmospheric composition is interpreted by a model based on three factors: the dissociation of oxygen, horizontal transport by meridional flow in the upper atmosphere, and vertical transport by diffusion. The second factor introduces large scale meteorology as a major influence in the ionosphere.


Most of the studies of the observed variability of the Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR), its prediction and of its impact have involved analysis of an index for ISMR derived by Parthasarathy et al. (1995) or the allIndia rainfall during the summer monsoon, available from the India Meteorological Department (IMD) website. Both these indices are based on the average rainfall over the meteorological subdivisions of India. Rajeevan et al. (2006) first derived a gridded rainfall data set for the Indian region which was at a resolution of 1° and subsequently, Pai et al. (2014) have derived a finer resolution (0.25°) rainfall data set for the same region. At present, these data sets are widely used by modelers to generate the 'observed' ISMR for assessment of the skill of their models. However, in different studies, different regions are used for averaging the grid data to obtain the 'observed' ISMR. For proper assessment and comparison of the skill of the simulations/predictions by different models/versions, it is important that the same region be used for averaging the rainfall to obtain the observed ISMR in each case. Here, we suggest what we consider as the appropriate regions for averaging the rainfall in terms of the 1° and 0.25° to derive/represent ISMR, on the basis of the present understanding of the monsoonal regions and the Indian summer monsoon. We show that the interannual variation of the ISMR thus derived (by averaging rainfall over the regions identified in this study) from gridded data sets is largely consistent with the indices derived as the area weighted sub-divisional rainfall data used in the indices used earlier.


There is provided a load tap changer, having a plurality of modules, each module is operable to change the tap transformer windings. The transmission shaft is connected to the module and is operable to embodiments tap change winding during rotation. The transmission axis of rotation of the servomotor. The servomotor comprises a feedback device operable feedback signal contains information to generate a position associated with the motor shaft. Servo drive is connected to the servo motor to receive the feedback signal. The servo drive to use the feedback signal to determine and store the total angular displacement of the motor shaft. The use of the total angular displacement of the servo drive and feedback signals to control operation of the motor shaft of the servo motor.