This essay argues for the value of teaching Charlotte Lennoxs periodical The Ladys Museum (1760-61) in undergraduate literature, history, media studies, postcolonial, and gender studies classrooms. Lennoxs magazine, which includes one of the first serialized novels Harriot and Sophia (later published as the stand-alone novel Sophia (1762)) encouraged debate of the proto-discipline topics of history, geography, literary criticism, astronomy, botany, and zoology. This essay offers a flexible teaching module, which can be taught in one to five days, that focuses on the themes of early female education and imperialism using full or excerpted portions of essays from the eidolon, Of the Studies Proper for Women, Of the Importance of the Education of Daughters, Philosophy for the Ladies, The Metamorphoses of Animals, and the Several Changes Observable in Animal Life, The Natural History of the Formica-Leo, or Lion Pismire, Some Reflections and Deductions Drawn from the Works of Nature in General, The Ladys Geography, The Original Inhabitants of Great Britain, The History of the Princess Padmani, and as well as Lennoxs serialized novel Sophia (1762). It also inaugurates a new resource, the http://www.ladysmuseum.com Ladys Museum Project, which is an open-access edition designed by Kelley Plante and Karenza Sutton-Bennett and includes full text and redacted versions for teaching and a variety of other pedagogical materials.


In this article, we provide a detailed characterization of the intraday return volatility in gold futures contracts traded on the COMEX division of the New York Mercantile Exchange. The approach allows the study of intraday patterns, interday ARCH effects, and announcement effects in a coherent framework. We show that the intraday patterns exert a profound impact on the dynamics of return volatility. Among the 23 U.S. macroeconomic announcements, we identify employment reports, gross domestic product, consumer price index, and personal income as having the greatest impact. Finally, by appropriately filtering out the intraday patterns, we find that the high‐frequency returns reveal long‐memory volatility dependencies in the gold market, which have important implications on the pricing of long‐term gold options and the determination of optimal hedge ratios. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 21:257–278, 2001


There was no specific learning module for teaching and learning speaking in a High School of Cilacap, Central Java. The two course references, Look Ahead and Students' Digest Book, were not specifically built for speaking class. Since both were not ideal modules they could be as self-instructional guidance for students' learning. This research is aimed at designing a new speaking module for teaching learning speaking in a High School of Cilacap, Central Java under a procedure of Research and Development study. The researcher started doing the documentary study to see the real model of the existing learning sources and to reveal whether there were still weaknesses as speaking guidance books. After a need analysis of which subjects were 34 students of X8 and 3 English teachers, the finding showed that there was a need of a new speaking module in a High School of Cilacap, Central Java. All teachers and students 100% approved this. The researcher designed a prototype of a new speaking module referring to task-based method. This was under a consideration that scaffolding is significant to motivate students' participation and engage their learning in the classroom. Moreover, the availability of a certain task will motivate the students to be active participants in the class interaction. The designing and development of the module were validated by two experts who categorized it very good for being used as guiding module for teaching learning speaking. The final try out, class observation, and interviews approved the module's feasibility and appropriateness for teaching learning speaking.


Localization using pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) and received signal strength indication (RSSI) signals from Wi-Fi enhance the indoor positioning accuracy by reducing the inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor errors and Wi-Fi RSSI signal fluctuations in an indoor scenario. The indoor position accuracy not only depends on the effective utilization of IMU sensors in PDR systems but also the Wi-Fi RSSI signal acquisition in Wi-Fi positioning systems during non-line of sight conditions. In this paper, we propose a position estimation algorithm for indoor localization using PDR with Wi-Fi weighted path loss (WPL) algorithm. The proposed model follows a PDR system with accelerometer, gyroscope and magnetometer sensors. The PDR system estimates the indoor position results from the complementary actions of accelerometer, gyroscope and magnetometer sensors. The Wi-Fi positioning system uses the WPL algorithm in the proposed model for compensating the PDR system errors and improves the indoor position accuracy. The proposed model also uses a linear kalman filter (LKF) for PDR and Wi-Fi sensor fusion. Experimental results show that the proposed indoor localization approach using PDR with Wi-Fi WPL achieves a high positioning accuracy as compared to the individual positioning systems. The proposed model significantly outperforms individual positioning systems in terms of position accuracy and achieves an improved average localization error of 1.45 m when a user moves in a rectangular motion.


The invention discloses a method for removing fishy smell and preserving freshwater fish. The method comprises the steps that: 1) preparation of fishy smell eliminating and preserving solution as following: 6-8 portions of ginger, 6-8 portions of garlic and 6-8 portions of onion are mixed, ground, hemogenated, and then 76-82 portions of rice wine is added to obtain a mixture; the mixture is extracted by ultrasonic wave and then filtered to obtain a filtrate, that is, the fishy smell eliminating and preservative solution; 2) freshwater fish which is killed, cleaned and directly soaked into the fishy smell eliminating and preserving solution; 3) the soaked freshwater fish can be stored for 7-9 days. The method of the invention can remove bilgy odour of freshwater fish and ensure that freshwater fish is not likely to rot.


Adversarial face examples possess two critical properties: Visual Quality and Transferability. However, existing approaches rarely address these properties simultaneously, leading to subpar results. To address this issue, we propose a novel adversarial attack technique known as Adversarial Restoration (AdvRestore), which enhances both visual quality and transferability of adversarial face examples by leveraging a face restoration prior. In our approach, we initially train a Restoration Latent Diffusion Model (RLDM) designed for face restoration. Subsequently, we employ the inference process of RLDM to generate adversarial face examples. The adversarial perturbations are applied to the intermediate features of RLDM. Additionally, by treating RLDM face restoration as a sibling task, the transferability of the generated adversarial face examples is further improved. Our experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed attack method.


This supplementary document provides supporting material for the above paper, detailing some technical aspects of the proposed methodology. The various equations and sections referenced herein can be found in the main article. The sections in this document are not meant to logically follow one another, with the material organised so that the characteristics of the datasets and proposed methods are presented first (Sections S1 – S3), while more mathematical derivations are given at the end (Sections S4 and S5).


The objective of this study is to test a number of Cook's conclusions on mission demography that previously had been questioned by scholars with little or no expertise in historical demography. The conclusions presented here contribute to a growing body of literature on the demographic collapse of the native peoples of the Americas after 1492, and on the specific subject of the Alta California missions and the fate of the Indian groups congregated into the missions.


The utility for liquid biopsy of tumor‐associated circulating single‐nucleotide variants, as opposed to mutations, of the mitochondrial (mt) and nuclear genomes in neuroblastoma (NB) is unknown.


Opti-electronic loads with multi-sensor are widely applied in the fields of atmosphere sounding and optical remote sensing. For the purpose of achieving high performance, miniaturization and light weight of multi-band photoelectric load, this paper proposes a structure with common aperture and partial common optical path, then light enters each subsequent light path after decomposed. This structure can improve system stability and avoids boresight errors caused by multi-apertures. The essay analyzes the aberration formula and initial structural parameter's calculation method of the three-mirror system with the constraint of afocal condition, then eliminate the center occlusion through shifting the optic aperture and design a compact off-axis three-mirror afocal optical system with a folding mirror. The system magnification is 6×, the max aperture is 140 mm, and the max field of view is 4°×2.1°. The modulation transfer function of optical system reaches more than 90% of the diffraction limit. The mirror surface adopts paraboloid and hyperboloid, which are easy to be processed and tested. The size of system is 167×145×211 mm, and the structure is compact enough to meet the application requirements.


Beyond traditional OT scolarship and with inspiration from K.E. Logstrup's metaphysics and in the tradition from von Rad's hermeneutics, Helmut Friis reads OT in a theological and personal interpretation, including critical perspectives of contemporary culture. Friis' characteristic style and language makes his books recomendable for everybody interested in biblical texts and theology, though he doesn't contribute to OT scolarship.


Bidding and contracting for highway engineering in China generally adopt bidding templates.Price of the engineering is usually presented with bill of quantities and the bidders are allowed to rationally use bill of quantities within the limitation of the contract.Feasible advices have been put forward on how to use imbalance pricing and problems to pay attention to.


The changing political attitudes of North African immigrants, Remy Leveau, Catherine Wihtol de Wenden. ; From 1925 to 1962, the thirst for independence took the place of other political demands for the North African, mostly Algerian, immigrants in France. But since Algeria's independence, in the winding context of Franco-Algerian relations, these immigrants have experienced a painful double break : with their fatherland, to which they will not return ; with their second country, which offers them a precarious status. However, since 1968, their installation in the heart of production and their relative assimilation in French society, with the phenomenon of the " second generation " and the feminization of immigration, are leading them to try out forms of compromise which will allow them to cross the frontiers of the French political space.


This paper presents a new method of approximatively evaluating communication networks' reliability based on the accurate algorithm .The evaluation algorithm is simple,and can evaluate the relative reliability of a large communication network quickly.On the basis of these two method,an example of regional communication network is presented to compare the simulation data,the result is satisfied.


Advanced CMOS technologies will be very important keys for increasing system performance in the coming information society. To meet market requirements, Fujitsu is continuously making developments in leading-edge CMOS technologies and supplying them to captive systems as well as to outside consumers. This paper describes the current status of Fujitsu's R&D for next-generation CMOS and beyond.


In order to understand the dyeing behaviour of synthetic fibres in supercritical carbon dioxide, the solubility of some disperse dyes in supercritical fluid, as well as the rate of dyeing and the equilibrium adsorption of these dyes, have been studied. Dye solubility was measured by a dynamic analytic method at a range of pressure (7.5–25 MPa) and temperature (50–145 °C). The apparent rate of dyeing was measured and the dyeing isotherm was obtained by plotting the equilibrium dye adsorption against the equilibrium dyebath concentration. Linear isotherms were obtained when poly(ethylene terephthalate) samples were dyed with the disperse dyes. The mechanism of dyeing using supercritical carbon dioxide was discussed by considering the solubility, the dyeing rate and the dyeing isotherm.


Within Roman law, obligations to do something (obligationes faciendi) occupy a distinct position. On the basis of D. 3.3.45pr, D. 22.214.171.124 and D. 45.1.59 it is assumed that according to Justinianic law, an unwilling debtor cannot be compelled to perform actually something which exists in a certain act (nemo potest precise cogi ad factum). The rule displays itself particularly in procedural and execution law. In spite of this, the civilian tradition shows exceptional cases in which the creditor is capable of enforcing the actual performance of an obligation to do something. This contribution discusses two examples. In the thirteenth-century Bologna, an unwilling scribe who had personally committed himself to copy a text could be chained until the work was entirely finished. In the Roman–Dutch law of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the court could declare an unwilling fiance to be married (enforcement of betrothals). What considerations could in these cases justify such a violation of the debtor's physical or psychic integrity?


As a frontline primary health care provider, you reflect on the patients encountered during your last emergency medicine rotation. Many of the injuries seen were related to baby products, and you wonder whether this was also the case in other areas of the country. To obtain further data on the types of incidents seen in Canada on this important question, the Canadian Paediatric Surveillance Program (CPSP) sent a one-time survey on injuries associated with baby products to all CPSP participants (1). The survey focused on the frequency and extent of injuries associated with baby walkers, cribs and strollers. In addition, information on the dissemination and knowledge transfer of the bans/advisories and recalls issued on these products was obtained. The survey was designed in partnership with the Public Health Agency of Canada, the Consumer Product Safety Bureau at Health Canada and the Canadian Paediatric Society. • The response rate to the CPSP one-time survey on baby products was 27% (658 responses of 2466 eligible participants). Three per cent of participants reported seeing injuries associated with strollers, baby walkers or cribs. • Overall, there were 92 reported incidents associated with baby products including some serious injuries: Strollers - Concussions = 4 Skull fractures = 1 Upper extremity fractures = 2 Lower extremity fractures = 1 Abrasions / lacerations = 16 Minor injuries = 34 Baby walkers - Concussions = 1 Skull fractures = 0 Upper extremity fractures = 0 Lower extremity fractures = 2 Abrasions / lacerations = 5 Minor injuries = 11 Cribs - Concussions = 1 Skull fractures = 3 Upper extremity fractures = 1 Lower extremity fractures = 1 Abrasions / lacerations = 2 Minor injuries = 7 • In January 2010, Health Canada issued a recall notice for certain stroller models after reports of finger amputations and lacerations were identified in association with specific models. In addition, an advisory was also issued reminding Canadians to exercise caution when using strollers with hinge mechanisms. Awareness of all respondents to these measures was indicated in the survey as follows: Approximately 53% (352) were aware of the stroller recall; 43% (285) were aware of the stroller advisory; 36% (238) were aware of both the stroller recall and advisory. Just over 75% of respondents who reported how they learned of the recall and/or the advisory indicated that it was through news media reports (ie, newspaper, radio, television and Internet). •Baby walkers are banned in Canada. Health Canada's Consumer Product Safety Bureau investigated reports of serious head injuries associated with falls while in baby walkers, which ultimately led to a ban on baby walkers. Since April 2004, it is illegal to import, advertise for sale or sell baby walkers in Canada. It is also illegal to sell baby walkers at garage sales, flea markets or on street corners. - 83% (544) of respondents indicated that they were aware of the prohibition of baby walkers. -Approximately 40% of those respondents who reported how they learned of the ban indicated that it was through the news media. Language: en


Introduction Malignant sellar gliomas are very rare phenomena. To date, only few cases of sellar and suprasellar glioblastomas have been reported, most of which originate from the optic nerve or optic chiasm. Case Presentation We present a 34-year-old woman with malignant endo-suprasellar glioma, originating from the pituitary stalk, which was initially classified as a macroprolactinoma. Conclusions Although malignant sellar gliomas can mimic the clinical, endocrinological, and radiological features of pituitary macroadenomas, rapid progression without appropriate hormonal activity suggests their diagnosis. Considering the high malignant potential of sellar glioblastomas, it is important to discuss the specific features of these tumors and to investigate the possibility of differential diagnosis in the preoperative stage, which can be useful for early selection of the treatment plan.


Relay nodes can be used for extending communication coverage or enhancing system performance by relaying the received signal to another node or providing cooperative diversity gain, respectively. In this paper, we analyze the effect of resource allocation in two-relay networks with mixed relaying protocol. We assume that two relay nodes exist between the source node and destination node, and one relay node adopts decode-andforward (DF) relaying protocol and the other one uses amplify-and-forward (AF) relaying protocol. Differential modulation scheme is applied for all cases to bypass channel estimation. First, we compare the performance of proposed system with the systems only using DF protocol and AF protocol. Then, we investigate the performance of the proposed system by considering the location of relay nodes, i.e., co-located and various location scenarios, depending on the existence of direct link. Finally, the effect of both energy and location in the overall performance is analyzed by assuming that two node are co-located.


The injection of pellets of frozen deuterium into magnetically confined, hot plasmas is one of the most attractive methods for refueling fusion power reactors. High injection speeds for solid deuterium pellets are necessary for improving the experimental analysis of pellet ablation in a hot plasma and the effects of the pellet on the plasma properties, in particular the confinement parameters. The optimization of a two‐stage light gas gun is being pursued; the search for the cryogenic conditions of freezing deuterium with good mechanical properties is carried out. In particular, the impurities concentration in deuterium during the condensation process has been studied. These developments have allowed one to reach velocities up to 3400 m/s for integer bare deuterium pellets (3 or 4 mm in diameter, 1–3×1021 particles) with a reliability of 80%.


Probably two of the most critical factors affecting energy resource development are the large front-end investments and the long lead times required by energy-related projects. A third critical factor is the task of planning and executing these projects in a changing and uncertain environment. The creation and decisions of the new Department of Energy will have a major impact on the production and transportation of coal. Other public issues facing the coal industry today include the direction of the "reform" of the nation's electric utility industry; pollution problems and amendments to the Clean Air Act; strip mine legislation; the future of slurry pipelines; and the ability of the nation's railroads to transport an ever increasing amount of coal production. Union Pacific's plans for increased transport of coal are outlined: new cars and locomotives, new rails, track maintenance, centralized traffic control and construction of new coal cars (some of the Teoli type) in their own shops. In response to questions, the author says they can build coal cars cheaper than buy them (partly due to steady operation and a flat overhead) and objects to slurry pipelines because they compete for the high volume traffic the railroad handles best and leave the railroad to haul smaller volumes and functioning to some extent on a standby basis.


Most work in genetic algebras has been concerned with inheritance which is symmetric with respect to sex, in that the characters studied are determined by genes located at autosomal loci, and it is assumed that the segregation pattern is the same in males and females. When asymmetric situations are studied, the development of the theory is complicated by the higher dimensions of the algebras, and by a feature to which Etherington (3, p. 40) drew attention, namely the fact that the passage from the gametic to the zygotic algebra no longer quite corresponds to the process of duplication, as it does in the symmetric case. Etherington gave some results for the gametic and zygotic algebras of a single sex linked diallelic locus, and its properties were discussed further by Gonshor (4, p. 44). In a second paper (5, p. 334) Gonshor studied sex linkage in the case of multiple alleles, choosing a canonical basis which exhibited very clearly the multiplication table and ideal structure of the algebra. His treatment from the statement of the multiplication table in terms of the natural basis to its expression in terms of a canonical basis, is repeated in the displayed relations (4)–(8) below, for completeness and to establish the present notation.


Given the scale of user-generated content online, the use of artificial intelligence (AI) to flag problematic posts is inevitable, but users do not trust such automated moderation of content. We explore if (a) involving human moderators in the curation process and (b) affording "interactive transparency," wherein users participate in curation, can promote appropriate reliance on AI. We test this through a 3 (Source: AI, Human, Both) × 3 (Transparency: No Transparency, Transparency-Only, Interactive Transparency) × 2 (Classification Decision: Flagged, Not Flagged) between-subjects online experiment (N = 676) involving classification of hate speech and suicidal ideation. We discovered that users trust AI for the moderation of content just as much as humans, but it depends on the heuristic that is triggered when they are told AI is the source of moderation. We also found that allowing users to provide feedback to the algorithm enhances trust by increasing user agency.


This article offers a comparative self-reflection on two seemingly disparate teaching practices: hatha yoga and critical social theories of education. As some have already discovered, the two enacted fields share many core principles and practices; deal with strikingly similar content; and are primarily self-reflective. As an instructor/facilitator of each, I find myself teaching practices and enacting teaching practices that are critical transformative. In this article, I explain how I use contemplative practices in my teaching about contentious issues. In particular, I recognize how the "adjustments" that I make and the "home practice" that I assign in teaching philosophy of education, for example, parallels those I use in teaching hatha yoga. Finally, I describe how my teaching enacts a yogic philosophy, making it a specific ethical practice.


Resource development may involve codifications of social organization that alter preexisting arrangements. This is the case in Onabasulu society today, impacted by Chevron's petroleum extractions nearby and the codifications of collective life introduced by multinationals and the State of Papua New Guinea alike. Located on the Great Papuan Plateau of Papua New Guinea, Onabasulu "clans" are largely an artifact of a certificate-based incorporation process and do not preexist the era of petroleum development. This "entification" of clans is matched by an entification of ethnic groups, which previously enjoyed soft (or "thick") rather than hard (or sharp) edges and boundaries. Various discourses—lineage histories, myths, other stories—are best viewed as instruments that political actors—the Onabasulu as a people, various clans, various individuals—use to embrace, contest, or manipulate the new codifications as these actors strive to position themselves competitively in relation to resources in an era of nationalist and capitalist penetration. "Land, Stories, and Resources" argues for a discourse-centered political ecology of Onabasulu modernity, one that recognizes the political and discursive roots of human-land relations in an unfolding and open-ended history predicated on an emerging politics of difference within a globalizing context, [political ecology, discursive practices, cognized models, Onabasulu (Papua New Guinea)]


Off-chip substrate routing for high-density packages is challenging due to requirements such as high density, lack of vertical detour, non-Manhattan routing, and primarily planar routing. The existing substrate routing algorithms often result in a large number of unrouted nets that have to be routed manually. This article develops an effective yet efficient diffusion-driven method D-Router to reduce congestion. Starting with an initial routing, we develop an effective diffusion-based congestion reduction. We iteratively find a congested window and spread out connections to reduce congestion inside the window by a simulated diffusion process based on the duality between congestion and concentration. The window is released after the congestion is eliminated. Compared with the state-of-the-art substrate routing method that leads to 480 nets unrouted for ten industrial designs with a total of 6415 nets, the D-Router reduces the amount of unrouted nets to 104, a reduction to the 4.6 multiple. In addition, the D-Router obtains a similar reduction on unrouted nets but runs up to 94 times faster when compared with a negotiation-based substrate routing.


Unified highly-available information has led to many compelling advances, including evolutionary programming and virtual machines. Given the current status of replicated information, hackers worldwide particularly desire the refinement of voice-over-IP, which embodies the significant principles of networking. Hackers worldwide agree that self-learning symmetries are an interesting new topic in the field of robotics, and electrical engineers concur. In fact, few leading analysts would disagree with the construction of multi-processors, which embodies the natural principles of cryptography. Our focus in this position paper is not on whether RAID can be made compact, optimal, and real-time, but rather on proposing new heterogeneous configurations.


It discloses a method of selectively modulating a subject who has a disease T- lymphocytes of the memory effect. The method uses a CD2 binding agent.


Electrical Restivity Tomography (ERT) is one of the most employed geophysical technique to monitor landslide evolution. The measured variations of resistivity can be related to changes in underground moisture, porosity, water chemistry, etc. With electrodes installed on the moving mass, resistivity variations may also be related to changes in electrode location relative to each other (the so-called geometric factor K). As such, ERT monitoring should also require the monitoring of electrode location. Wilkinson et al. (2010, 2015) were able to track movements of electrodes by measuring variations of resistivity. However, this approach needs the strong assumption that resistivity variations are caused by changes in the geometric factor without any underground change. For example, Gance et al. (2015) showed the significant effect of surface fissures on ERT measurements.

In this work we tested ERT monitoring of an earthslide (the Pont-Bourquin Landslide in the Swiss Alps) with electrodes located immediately outside the unstable zone. The setup was composed of 36 electrodes (24 on the right bank and 12 on the left bank) acquiring 1654 measurements per day in a dipole-dipole configuration (half direct and half reciprocal measurements). 235 daily sequences were acquired between February and November 2015. Data were filtered and then processed with the BERT package (Günther et al., 2006). Several time-lapse approaches were tested with different starting models originating from the 3D inversion of 4, 2D profiles and the results were analyzed in terms of resistivity and sensitivity variations. The resulting 3D models were then split in distinct zones (transport and accumulation zones) and the ERT time-series were then correlated with environmental time-series (e.g. rainfall).

Results indicate that, despite a lack of sensitivity in the unstable zone because of the monitoring set-up, ERT is sensitive to environmental variations but no distinct behaviour could be observed within the zones. However, correlations provide informations in agreement with passive seismic monitoring (Bièvre et al., 2018) and suggest that resistivity (along with shear wave velocity) is strongly affected by rainfall with an effect that does not last more than 2 to 3 days. These results confirm that the superficial layers (first metres) have a major influence on resistivity measurements. More generally these results, along with many published works, question the added value of ERT to monitor landslides for depths greater than the superficial phreatic water table.

References

Bièvre G et al. (2018) Eng. Geol. 245, 248 - 257. doi:10.1016/j.enggeo.2018.08.01

Gance J et al. (2015) Geophy. J. Int. 200, 1118-1135. doi:10.1093/gji/ggu453

Günther T et al. (2006) Geophy. J. Int. 166, 506-517. doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.03011.x

Wilkinson P B et al. (2010) Geophy. J. Int. 183, 543-556. doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2010.04760.x

Wilkinson P B et al. (2015) Geophy. J. Int. 200, 1566-1581. doi:10.1093/gji/ggu483


Based on typical design of State Grid,Qinghai Power Company starts ERP constructing from May of 2008,because of the different requirement of enterprises,it must develop programs to meet the special needs.Based on the ERP construction of Qinghai Power Company,the paper introduces ABAP/4's features,programming ideas,processes etc.,and puts forward some suggestion of ABAP/4 SAP development application.


As the number of malware has been increased, it is necessary to analyze malware rapidly against cyber attack. Additionally, Dynamic malware analysis has been widely studied to overcome the limitation of static analysis such as packing and obfuscation, but still has a problem of exploring multiple execution path. Previous works for exploring multiple execution path have several problems that it requires much time to analyze and resource for preparing analysis environment. In this paper, we proposed efficient exploring approach for multiple execution path in a single analysis environment by pipelining processes and showed the improvement of speed by 29% in 2-core and 70% in 4-core through experiment.


Labeling Black "race" as a risk factor obscures what causes Black patients to be more vulnerable to poorer maternal and infant outcomes: anti-Black racism.


Introduction Electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) rely heavily on batteries for power storage, be it from the drive train or sources such as regenerative breaking. Precise thermal management is needed to keep these batteries at optimal operating conditions. The performance and lifetime of batteries used in today's EVs and HEVs are sensitive not only to the temperature they are running at, but to the small deviations in temperature across the cells. Many previous studies have looked at single inlet and single outlet channels, and examined a variety of design geometries consisting of series, and parallel channels as well as single serpentine passages. The results of these studies were limited, however, in terms of using single inlets and outlets, and defining optimization in terms of choosing a result from a list of predetermined initial designs without further refinement of the geometry. These results also suggest that single channel systems perform much better then multi-channel systems however they look at it from the aspect of series and parallel channels originating from a single inlet and converging to a single outlet and do not consider the idea of multiple inlets and outlets to the cooling plate. [1,2,3,4] The objective of this study was to perform shape optimization of a cooling cell consisting of multiple curved channels in a parallel configuration. The plate's thermal behavior in terms of mean temperature and temperature uniformity was examined, along with its power consumption. These properties were examined using optimization algorithms and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and optimal coolant channel geometries were determined for a number of performance characteristics. This paper examines the methods and results obtained and discusses the benefits of the study's findings. Methods and Results The model used for CFD analysis was constructed using the pre-processor Gambit. It was designed around a 1mm thick plate with a width of 200mm and a height of 160mm. The model was simplified using symmetry through the thickness to create models that were 160mm×200mm×0.5mm which can be seen in Figure 1. The type and shape of the channels were based on previous work conducted [5] as well as design space exploration. Fluent was used as the CFD solver for the computations. The mesh was opened in Fluent and boundary conditions were applied to set the mass flow rate, heat flux and define the symmetry plane, mass flow inlet and the pressure outlet. Optimization is run and managed through the Matlab program. The optimization uses a set of geometry parameters as design variables, which are constrained with conditions to ensure geometric integrity of the model and to limit situations which may cause a loss of convergence in the CFD solver. The objective functions for the optimization are the average temperature across the plate Tavg, the standard deviation of the temperature across the plate Tσ and the pressure drop across the plate Pfluid. The optimization starts at an initial design and then optimizes the geometry for one of these objective functions until the convergence criteria has been met.


Graves' disease (GD) is an autoimmune condition with symptoms suggesting an affected brain. The overall aim of this thesis is to characterize the consequences of GD with a special focus on the brain. Paper I was a longitudinal cohort study that assessed long-term treatment results 6–10 years after the onset of GD. Patients, initially treated with antithyroid drugs had a 40% chance of being euthyroid without thyroid medication at follow-up. One in four patients did not feel fully recovered. Paper II was a longitudinal case-control study designed to characterize affective and cognitive symptoms in women with untreated GD. At onset of GD, the patients were significantly more affected with depression, anxiety, and mental fatigue compared to controls. At follow-up after 15 months, these symptoms remained in a significant proportion of patients. Patients with eye symptoms or a history of psychiatric conditions were more likely to be affected with brain-related symptoms. Paper III was a longitudinal case-control study of women with untreated GD designed to investigate the effect of GD on hippocampal volumes. At onset of GD, hippocampus and amygdala volumes of the patients were smaller compared to controls. After 15 months, only the left amygdala remained smaller than in controls. At inclusion, there was an inverse correlation between thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibody (TRAb) and the volumes of both amygdalae and the right hippocampus. There were also inverse correlations between TRAb and free triiodothyronine recovery and the recovery of most of the four assessed brain volumes. In summary, the studies demonstrate that Graves' hyperthyroidism has unexpected long-term consequences for many patients, provide extensive new data on the serious and chronic nature of GD, and show for the first time that GD is accompanied by reversible brain changes.


AbstractPrimary care physicians are asked by older patients, family members, and licensing authorities to make recommendations regarding the driving ability of older patients. The implications for the older patient are substantial, as safety, mobility, and quality of life will be affected by such decisions. Considering these obligations of clinicians treating older adults, many relevant questions are raised: Is the information that is known about the effects of prescription medications on driving readily available to medical professionals? Do physicians have adequate tools to advise their patients and family members about this issue? These questions were examined by looking at drug entries in the PDR, Drug Facts and Comparisons and the USP-DI for several medications taken by patients who participated in an Older Drivers Evaluation Program at The Ohio State University. Three classes of medications were chosen for examination: benzodiazepines, antidepressants, and opioids. The content and variety of warning...


Callus induction was attempted from the four explants viz. root, cotyledon, epicotyl, and leaf segments excised from in vitro raised seedlings of C. jambhiri. Among various MS media supplementations with growth regulators and carbohydrates, the maximum (95.50%) and the earliest (8.30 days) callogenesis was obtained in epicotyl segments, when cultured on MS medium supplemented with NAA (10.0 mgl-1) + BAP (1.0 mgl-1) + sucrose (8%). The modified MS (macro and micro-nutrients reduced to half) fortified with BAP (5.0 mgl-1) + GA3 (3.0 mgl-1) recorded maximum shoot regeneration (43.10%) from callus, with an average of 5.30 shoots per callus after 35.50 days of culturing. However, prolonged exposure to GA3 resulted in thin elongated shoots and leaves. The age of the callus substantially influenced the plant regeneration frequency. The potency of the callus to regenerate decreased significantly with an increase in the age of the callus. Shoot regeneration was recorded maximum (43.43%) in 60 days old calli, followed by 90 days old (30.48%) calli, whereas it was minimum (10.46%) in 150 days old calli. The maximum (79.50%) shoot proliferation was recorded in MS medium supplemented with BAP (1.0 mgl-1) + Kin (0.5 mgl-1) with an average of 5.06 shoots per culture. The MS medium fortified with NAA (1.0 mgl-1) + IBA (1.0 mgl-1) induced maximum (77.33%) rooting, with an average of 3.19 roots per shoot after 13.4 days of culturing. Rooted plants were hardened and survived the best (83.6%) on the potting mixture consisting of cocopeat + vermiculite + perlite (2:1:1).


Glycosyl-phosphatidyl-inositol (GPI) proteins of P. falciparum have been found to mediate inflammatory responses via receptors of innate immune system known as Toll- like receptor (TLR). Since the role of TLR2 in malaria pathogenesis largely remains unknown, we have made an attempt to analyze the association of insertion/deletion (ID) polymorphism of TLR-2 gene that regulates the surface expression of the TLR-2 molecule with clinical manifestation of multiple complications in severe falciparum malaria. For this study we have recruited 56 adult patients of falciparum malaria. Of them 32 (57.1%) were with severe falciparum malaria having multiple complications and 24(42.8%) with uncomplicated malaria. Blood samples were collected from all patients for detail hematological and biochemical investigations. Genomic DNA was isolated and genotyping was done in all cases. The prevalence of ID polymorphism (heterozygosity) of TLR-2 was observed to be significantly high in uncomplicated compared to severe malaria with multiple complications indicating a protective effect against severe falciparum malaria with multiple complications (OR=0.12, CI: 0.01-2.29, p=0.02). However, similar studies are to be undertaken in other malaria endemic areas of the world to validate the finding and further studies are required to find out the mechanism of protection due to TLR2 I/D polymorphism. Citation:


This research to know the effect of organizational trust and commitment to organizational citizenship behavior of high school teachers in Makassar City. This study aims to contribute to an organizational commitment to organizational citizenship behavior among high school teachers in Makassar City. This research uses a quantitative approach with a survey method. The population in this study were all high school teachers in Makassar City. The target population is all teachers from 22 state high schools in Makassar, which amount to 1088 teachers. The sample in this study was 292 respondents. The data collection technique uses a questionnaire with a Likert scale. The results of this study indicate there is a direct effect on job satisfaction on organizational citizenship behavior, there is a direct effect on organizational commitment to organizational behavior, and there is a direct effect on job satisfaction on organizational commitment.


AIM
To analyse the cost-effectiveness of care provided to patients in need of peripheral venous access by comparing the traditional approach with a nurse-based ultrasound-guided programme.

BACKGROUND
Letting nurses insert ultrasound-guided catheters is a promising cost-saving approach, but there are few data available to document the efficiency of this type of programme.

METHOD
A cost-efficiency evaluative research design was used. Data were collected over a 6-year timeframe, before and after the implementation of the nurse-based programme.

RESULTS
Results show that the evaluation conducted by nurses ensures the right choice of catheter for each patient based on the patient's needs, which decreases costs. The programme also shortens the waiting period between consultation and insertion of the catheter, which reduces costs related to prolonged hospitalisation.

CONCLUSION
The nurse-based programme puts nurses' skills to good use as part of a new practice and helps enhance the efficiency of care and services provided to patients.

IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT
In addition to the significant cost savings this programme offers, the evaluation leads to an effective use of resources while ensuring optimal care.


Presently a multitude of virtualization solutions have been implemented in both classroom environments and by students at home. Their success and widespread deployment made them an ideal surrogate to real hardware based laboratories and an excellent aid in the learning process. However, the intense hardware requirements often limit the number of emulated devices used, and the number of concurrent sessions. To address these issues, in this paper we propose a cloud-based virtual laboratory.


I Wayan Edi Arsawan Doctor of Management Science, Assistant Professor, Department of Business Administration Politeknik Negeri Bali Badung, Indonesia E-mail: email@example.com orcid.org/0000-0001-8493-5249 Introduction Small and medium enterprises are largely dependent on producing revolutionary ideas to improve performance, innovation, and competitive advantage, but the delay in innovation often prevents SMEs from benefiting from making rapid and systematic innovations. To create a culture of innovation, it is necessary to map the intellectual capital. Mapping intellectual capital is needed as a systematic effort to optimize the role of knowledge in organizational sustainability. Aims and tasks. This study investigates the relationship between intellectual capital, innovation culture and the performance of export SMEs. Conducted in a survey of 69 export SMEs in Bali, Indonesia. This research was conducted by survey method through the distribution of questionnaires with a semantic differential scale to 177 managers, supervisors and employees. The questionnaire distributed via offline by going directly to export SMEs in addition to conducting in-depth interviews. Results. First, intellectual capital does not significantly influence the culture of innovation, where these results prove that SMEs must be responsive to market developments and not focus on the internal path. Second, the culture of innovation has a significant influence on the performance of SMEs, which proves that innovation is a trend in absorbing market share, especially in creating superior products, is difficult to emulate and has added value for customers. Third, intellectual capital has a significant effect on business performance. This proves that the important role of intellectual capital in improving the performance of SMEs. Conclusions. The export-oriented SME sector has an increasing trend given the vast market share that can be targeted. But the role of intellectual capital must still get more portions because it has a significant effect on organizational performance. Although it does not yet have a significant influence on the culture of innovation, future research can become a preference that similar research needs to be done again to test these findings.


Findings from a national sample of 420 married adults indicate that educational attainment has a strong, positive association with self-evaluations of competence. This association remains after controls are introduced for family income and occupational prestige. The effects of high educational attainment are moderated to some extent, however, by low occupational prestige and to a lesser extent by high family income. These findings are interpreted with respect to the effects of differential achievement of social rewards and of status consistency, questioning the applicability of Lenski's theory of status crystallization.


1,4,7-Triazacyclodecane and its Cu(Ⅱ) and Ni(Ⅱ) complexes were synthesized,using diethylenetriamine,p-toluenesulfonyl chloride and 1,3-dibromopropane as starting materials.The structures of the synthesized compounds were characterized by infrared spectroscopy,nuclear magnetic resonance,mass spectrometry,elemental analysis and molar conductivity measurements.


A new species of the genus Pleioblastus guilongshanensis M.M.Lin,from Fujian province,China,is described.The new species is related to P.yixingensis S.L.Chen S.Y.Chen.However,it is distinguished by its longer internode(15~30 cm),young guilongshanensis covered with soft pubescences,the section with white powder under it;the upper pole-sheath without burnt margin;the sheath with spreading bristle.


BACKGROUND: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative movement disorder that results in a variety of motor deficits such as unsteady gait, bradykinesia, resting tremor, and rigidity. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to quantify and assess the challenges and preferences Parkinson's disease patients have regarding footwear. METHODS: A 13-question survey was designed to assess footwear challenges and preferences among PD patients. A total of 89 PD patients, both male and female, were surveyed in the outpatient setting at UC Irvine during their appointments with the senior author. RESULTS: A majority of the PD patients in our cohort (64%) reported experiencing difficulties wearing shoes on their own. Patients who experienced difficulties wearing shoes were significantly more likely to report having been forced to make changes to their desired outfits (p = 0.0011), choosing not to wear dress shoes due to their discomfort (p = 0.0175), and preferring shoes without laces (p = 0.0 048). CONCLUSIONS: The present study is the first attempt to use a survey to quantify the challenges and preferences reported by PD patients in regard to their usage of footwear. Inspired by our findings, the study team designed a novel dress shoe prototype that may address some of the difficulties and concerns gathered through our survey.


The reactions of bis(dichlorophosphinyl)methylamine, [Cl2P(:O)]2NMe, with dimethylamine and with NN-dimethyl(trimethylsilyl)amine have been studied. Mono, non-geminal bis-, tris-, and tetrakis-dimethylaminoderivatives have been identified; the bis-derivative has been separated into diastereomeric forms which interconverted either when heated, or in the presence of tetraethylammonium chloride. The mono-derivative was also obtained from the reactions of phosphoryl halides with heptamethyldisilazane, (Me3Si)2NMe, and the geminal bis- and the tris-derivatives were obtained from the condensation reactions of (Me2N)2P(:O)·NHMe with phosphoryl chloride and Cl2P(:O)·NMe2, respectively. Structures were established by 1H and 31P n.m.r. spectroscopy and the results compared with those obtained for the dimethylaminolysis of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazatriene, N3P3Cl6.


The invention relates to a glass article having a laser engraving (3) and a bias voltage of the surface (1), a production method for the glass products and the use of the glass article. The glass article according to the invention is characterized in that the laser engraving (3) is arranged in a partial volume under tensile stress of the glass article. The manufacturing method is characterized in that the biasing of the glass article is carried out after introducing the laser engraving (3).


Most studies of household labor have focused on the division of labor between husbands and wives, its determinants and consequences for men and women. Yet, the gender equity of the division of labor between husband and wife may also have consequences for other household members: the children. Another gap in the literature of domestic labor, concerns the participation of children in family chores. Although children do have a significant contribution in family chores, surprisingly little research has been done on their gender division of labor. This study examines if there is a congruence between the gender equity in the housework allocation of parents and that of their children. The analysis shows that the role-behaviour of parents concerning the division of labor influences the way their children divide chores along gender lines. There is an intergenerational transfer of gender inequity in the division of labor.


A final chapter deals directly with the Psalms and the historical catastrophes suffered by the Jewish people. Specifically, these tragedies are the two destructions of Jerusalem, the expulsion of the Jews from Spain and, by far the most troubling of all, the Holocaust. It is not surprising that, for both victims and survivors of the Holocaust, citations from the Psalms, in petition or reproach, are abundant. There is no one voice that speaks for the Jewish people, and the search for meaning, within the context of faith or upon its ruins, goes on. This excellent book urgently invites us to look more closely at the formal elements of Israel's sacred poetry. The way a biblical poet fashions a dialogue or builds up symmetries in a stanza reveals the poet's understanding of divine/human encounter and the modulations that it produces. L. has a wonderfully sensitive ear for these modulations. I am reminded of what Seamus Heaney said in his Nobel Prize Lecture last year in Stockholm: "The form of the poem is crucial to poetry's power to do the thing which always is and always will be to poetry's credit . . . the power to remind us that we are hunters and gatherers of values, that our very solitudes and distresses are creditable, insofar as they, too, are an earnest of our veritable human being." The book is flawlessly printed and includes a bibliography, an index of biblical/ rabbinic passages, and a general index.


Protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (POR), which catalyzes the protochlorophyllide reduction step in the chlorophyll biosynthetic pathway, is activated by light, and its substrate and product are photosensitizers. This work reports that CHAPERONE-LIKE PROTEIN OF POR1 interacts with POR isoforms in chloroplast membranes and protects POR proteins from photooxidative damage with its chaperone activity. Angiosperms require light for chlorophyll biosynthesis because one reaction in the pathway, the reduction of protochlorophyllide (Pchlide) to chlorophyllide, is catalyzed by the light-dependent protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (POR). Here, we report that Cell growth defect factor1 (Cdf1), renamed here as CHAPERONE-LIKE PROTEIN OF POR1 (CPP1), an essential protein for chloroplast development, plays a role in the regulation of POR stability and function. Cdf1/CPP1 contains a J-like domain and three transmembrane domains, is localized in the thylakoid and envelope membranes, and interacts with POR isoforms in chloroplasts. CPP1 can stabilize POR proteins with its holdase chaperone activity. CPP1 deficiency results in diminished POR protein accumulation and defective chlorophyll synthesis, leading to photobleaching and growth inhibition of plants under light conditions. CPP1 depletion also causes reduced POR accumulation in etioplasts of dark-grown plants and as a result impairs the formation of prolamellar bodies, which subsequently affects chloroplast biogenesis upon illumination. Furthermore, in cyanobacteria, the CPP1 homolog critically regulates POR accumulation and chlorophyll synthesis under high-light conditions, in which the dark-operative Pchlide oxidoreductase is repressed by its oxygen sensitivity. These findings and the ubiquitous presence of CPP1 in oxygenic photosynthetic organisms suggest the conserved nature of CPP1 function in the regulation of POR.


Lateral forces between the tip of a force microscope and atomic-scale features on the surface of a sample can be accurately measured in a noncontact mode. Feedback-controlled excitation of the torsional eigenmode of a rectangular cantilever beam forces the tip to oscillate parallel to the surface. Forces of the order of 0.05 nN have been detected when the tip approaches a step or a sulphur impurity. The method can also be used to study the energy dissipation in the range where a tip-sample contact is formed.


Objective To analyze the status quo,associated factors and cultivation approaches of care ability of nursing undergraduates at different grades so as to build a basis for working out training plan of care ability of different students.Methods A questionnaire was used to investigate the undergraduates about status quo,associated factors and cultivation of care ability.Results The fourth-year students were scored highest in care ability among the students from all grades.The influential factors of care ability included the student himself,family,school and society.Conclusion It is suggested we supplement the course of care ability so that the students can experience and practice caring patients through practical activities and on the other hand we should create an school environment full of care or clinical environment to enhance their ability to care.


-Cover types and vegetative characteristics (e.g., grasses, forbs, shrubs) used by female Sage Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) during summer were compared with available habitat on two study areas in southeastern Oregon. I3l'Oodless hens, which constituted 114 of the 125 (91%) radio-marked hens studied, selected big (Artemisia tri-rumtata subspp.) and low sagebrush (A. w"buscula) cover types at hoth study areas. At Hart Mountain, bl'Oodless hens did not select specific vegetative characteristics within cover types. However, at Jackass Creek, forb cover was greater (P := .004) at bl'Oodless hen sites than at random locations. Differences in habitat use by braodless hens between study areas were associated with differences in forb availability. Broodless hens used a greater diversity of cover types than hens with broods. Broodless hens gathered in flocks and remained separate from but near hens with broods during early summer. By early July braodless hens moved to meadows while hens with broods remained in upland habitats.


Various models for the representation of topological relations have been developed. The aim of this chapter is to propose a comprehensive view of state-of-the-art models for topological relations in spatial databases. A prominent role is assumed by the CBM (calculus-based method), which offers a small set of topological relations with high expressiveness and suitability to be embedded as operators of a spatial query language. The CBM is applicable to all kinds of complex geometric features and constitutes the user-oriented level (top level) of a hierarchy of topological operators. At lower levels (with more geometric details), other models are proposed, which are also applicable to geometric features with a broad boundary (features that are able to model spatial uncertainty). Eventually, a classification of all topological invariants of a spatial relation between two features offers the tools to describe the finest topological details.


9 hydrocarbon-degrading strains were isolated based on their ability to grow with crude oil as the sole carbon source from the water and sediment samples of Qingdao offshore. The isolated microbes, pure and mixed cultures, were demonstrated to degrade petroleum, and petroleum samples that contain higher concentrations of lower molecular hydrocarbons experience greater biodegradation. These cultures are phylogenetically related to previously characterized hydrocarbon degrading microbial cultures, dominated by members of the Pseudomonas cluster, Brevundimonas cluster, Bacillus cluster, and Peptoclostridium cluster. The mixed culture and some individual cultures can form stable emulsions of oil in water and the surfactant activity possessed by these cultures is predominantly associated with the bacterial cells and extracellular polymeric substances.


The Well X in Nong Yao field, is an infill-well designed for the Gulf of Thailand which presented several interesting challenges due to its complexity, tortuosity, and potential collision risks with other wells. This paper demonstrates the application of a Real-time Advanced Survey Correction (RASC) with Multi Station Analysis (MSA) to correct the Measurement While Drilling (MWD)'s azimuth.
 The Well X is a 3D Complex design with a high drilling difficulty index (DDI) at 6.9, high tortuosity of 316 degree, and which has an aggressive build on inclination and azimuthal U-turning well path. The well also creates difficult doglegs severity (DLS) up to 5.5deg/100ft, which is near the limit of the flexibility required to achieve the horizontal landing point. The conventional MWD survey, with proximity scanning with the nearby Well A, demonstrates high risk with a calculated Oriented Separation Factor (OSF) of 1.01. The RASC-MSA method is applied with a clearly defined workflow during execution in real-time and provide significant improvement in calculated OSF.
 RASC-MSA is applied for every 1,000 ft interval drilling below the 9.625in casing shoe. The workflow ensures that the directional driller follows the corrected survey along the well path and especially in the last 300 ft before reaching the electrical submersible pump (ESP) tangent section. The result from RASC-MSA, indicated a 29 ft lateral shift on the left side of the MWD standard surveys. Without this technique, Well X has a high potential to collide with Well A and Well B (Figure 1) as the actual OSF may less than 1 while drilling. The final 3D Least Distance proximity scanning with Well A shows a minimum OSF = 1.35, which is a 30% improvement compared to the conventional MWD survey. Another nearby well, Well B, indicates a minimum OSF=1.66 and passed the anti-collision OSF rule. In consideration of the drilling efficiency, availability, cost effectiveness and time saving, the RASC-MSA analysis to correct the MWD's azimuth are applied and the separation factor can be improved by 30%. In conclusion, the collision risk management technique applied successfully met the complex challenges of Well X, which was successfully drilled and safely delivered.
 Figure 1 3D visualization to exhibit the collision issue between Well X and nearby existing Wells A and Well B.


An experimental program of stylolitic porosity development in stylolitic Atokan (Middle Pennsylvanian) limestones under simulated conditions of deep burial has shown that experimental dissolution preferentially occurred and developed along existing stylolites. The dissolution sequence was as follows: incipient pores following the traces of stylolites, grading into stylolitic lamellar pores, which enlarged eventually into non-fabric-selective channels. These stylolite-controlled conduits were surrounded by adjacent incipient-to-complete oomolds, enlarged oomolds, incipient-to-complete algal bioclast molds, enlarged biomolds, and halos of intercrystalline porosity to microporosity.


Design of a high performance classification system is pursued in the field of pattern recognition.Multiple classifier systems (MCS) based on combining multiple classifiers are proposed and proved to be effective in improving classification performance. After comparing with single classifier systems (SCS),a formulation of the system design of MCS as well as the system optimization is presented . Current methods for system optimization are classified and compared , then problems in them are pointed out. It also points out the research direction in MCS. A special application is given which is about the target recognition in air warfare. In the application, multiple BP classifiers are combined by the sum rule to form the MCS. Experimental results demonstrate that MCS outperform SCS in both identify ratio and reliability.


Rapidly shifting to aging population is a global trend, and one of the challenging issue for the government, business and welfare perspective. In this paper, we focus on application potentials of information and communication technologies, to capture the insights for effectively coping with population aging issue. As the research for silver ICT field is rather limited, we adopt case study research method to extract policy implications and related foundation research agenda. As such, we first investigated comprehensive up-to-date trends, cases for innovative ICT applications, and policy initiatives mainly from the works of OECD nations. With reference to the review findings, we propose policy implications and guidelines for ICT innovations which contributes better quality of life and continuing job opportunities for silver population. The results provides insights for government policy initiative and further research in silver ICT area.


Sterile pharmaceutical compositions for parenteral administration containing 2,6-diisopropylphenol (propofol) are described for use as anesthetics. The compositions comprise an oil-in-water emulsion of propofol additionally containing a amount of edetate sufficient to prevent significant growth of microorganisms for at least 24 hours after adventitious, extrinsic contamination.


As predicted by Slonczewski [1] and Berger [2], the magnetization switching [3] and the microwave excitation [4] in a nanomagnet by a spin-polarized current has been experimentally demonstrated. It is ascribed to spin-angular-momentum-transfer of incoming electrons to local magnetizations, i.e. spin-transfer-torque. The spintransfer-torque is attracting a considerable interest because of its applicability to various spintronic devices. A micromagnetic study using numerical calculations is essential to understand this new physics because the dynamic magnetization state is not described within the framework of single domain in some cases.


The invention provides machining device and method for polishing the blade profile of an integrated bladed disk by applying electrolyte-plasma machining technology, which is characterized in that: an integrated bladed disk work-piece 4 is located and clamped on a machine tool spindle 20, and the integrated bladed disk work-piece 4 is connected with the positive pole of a power supply; a blade part is soaked in an electrolyte 17 in a machine tool working pool 14, and the electrolyte is connected with the negative pole of the power supply; the spindle 20 starts to rotate with a rotational speed N and drives the bladed disk to rotate; and process parameters are set and then polishing machining for the blade profile is performed. The machining device and method for polishing the blade profile of an integrated bladed disk has the following advantages that: continuous machining, efficiency increasing and uniform machining surface can be realized; as well as the automation of polishing machining for the blade profile of integrated bladed disk and batch production with high efficiency and low cost can also be realized.


Epidermal nevus syndrome (ENS) describes occurrence of a nevus sebaceous or an epidermal nevus with other developmental anomalies of eye, skeletal, central nervous, cardiovascular and urogenital systems. We report here a neonate with an extensive nevus sebaceous (NS), congenital giant melanocytic nevus (CGMN), multiple small and large melanocytic nevi, central nervous system and eye abnormalities, and seizures fitting into this rare neurocutaneus disorder and briefly review the literature and current concepts.


In this article, we prove second-order necessary optimality conditions for the so-called time crisis problem that comes up within the context of viability theory. It consists in minimizing the time spent by solutions of a controlled dynamics outside a given subset K of the state space. One essential feature is the discontinuity of the characteristic function involved in the cost functional. Thanks to a change of time and an augmentation of the dynamics, we relate the time crisis problem to an auxiliary Mayer control problem. This allows us to use the classical tools of optimal control for obtaining optimality conditions. Going back to the original problem, we deduce that way second order optimality conditions for the time crisis problem.


In this paper, we present work on diversity antenna experiments in the 2.3 GHz band, specifically for applications in the automotive environment. We describe the case of. two-element position diversity, and we study the effects of the antenna positions on the amount of diversity gain. The presentation consists primarily of measurement data on a moving vehicle, with software postprocessing to determine the effects of diversity combining. We present several diversity combining schemes, and describe hardware that we have built to address one of these schemes. Finally, we make several conclusions regarding the optimum geometry for antenna diversity in an automotive environment.


We investigate the electron-positron pair creation process in a supercritical static electric field in the presence of a static magnetic field that is perpendicular. If both fields vary spatially in one direction the dynamics can be reduced to a set of one-dimensional systems. Using a generalized computational quantum field theoretical procedure, we calculate the time dependence of the spatial density for the created electrons. In the presence of the magnetic field, a significant amount of suppression of pair creation is observed in the simulations and confirmed by an analytical analysis for the limits of short-range fields and long interaction times. This suppression might be interpreted in terms of Pauli blocking by the electron during its return to the creation region as it performs a cyclotronlike motion in the magnetic field.


A new system is designed for performance improvement high-voltage conversion, and ripple factor minimisation. Demand on a PV system is increasing day by day due to its low maintenance, and no emission of harmful gases. Batteries are incorporated with Bidirectional DC-DC converters, it provides constant power supply in the system. Batteries are charged in the day time and it is discharged in the cloud condition. It increases the complexity of the system. The new system, active Bridges based BD Converters is designed for solar PV panel. This bridge is more convenient for transferring the regulated power flow in both directions of the system. Two H bridges are acting as power Controller in the BD converter. H Bridges are operating in high frequency, high frequencies reduce the size and weight of the system. Active bridges-based BD Converters are more suitable in both small residential houses and also in Big power plants. Unique characteristics of active bridge based on BD Converters are flexible in PV panels. Solar PV System always failed to give a constant power supply to the system, it is attained by connecting two active bridges-based BD converter.


A practical approach for implementing TeV collider optics with high luminosities pounds approx. = 10/sup 33/ (cm/sup 2/ s)/sup -1/ but without large pinch effects is given using current alternatives. Characteristics are considered that constrain the optics and the types and orders of magnets required. A modified linac FoDo cell based on permanent magnet hybrid quadrupoles is discussed. Similarly, a demagnifying, permanent magnet telescopic system that allows variation of beta, eta and energy is suggested for the final focus. The basic cell for low emittance damping rings can also be constructed solely from permanent magnets. Small diameter, low permeability, high field permanent magnets have proven useful for injection and extraction lines and are also compatible with the large particle near the interaction regions as well as with exotic experiments for production and use of secondary beams or for multi-bunch coalescing schemes for control of longitudinal bunch distribution. An 8-10 GeV prototype cell and final focus experiment is proposed to verify and study such systems as well as do some interesting physics tests. One example, which could be used with the PEP storage ring, would convert an external electron beam into a photon beam to avoid beamstrahlung effects - a majormore » problem for high energy e+- colliders.« less


ABSTRACT Participatory governance is institutionalised to the extent that it shapes the behaviour of decision-makers and citizens. Participation policies that do not change established behaviour have limited, if any, impact. But what are the mechanisms whereby participatory governance becomes institutionalised? Using a case study of Barcelona, the paper analyses the relationship between formal rules, informal practices and narratives. Drawing on 90 interviews, the paper argues that in the context of neoliberal austerity formal rules proved surprisingly resilient, but informal practices and narratives became increasingly dis-aligned as civil society actors developed innovative approaches and more insistent demands. These novel informal practices and narratives subsequently underpinned the renaissance in participatory governance associated with the 2015-2019 Barcelona en Comú government. The paper makes theoretical and practical contributions regarding the drivers of stability and change. While formal rules may endure over time, dynamism in participatory governance depends upon the relationship between rules, practices and narratives.


In this paper, we evaluate the impact of approximate adders on the reliability of FPGA-based accelerators for applications that present inherent error resilience. We perform an exhaustive fault injection campaign to examine the effects of single bit upsets (SEUs) in the adders in the DCT block of a JPEG encoder IP core. We analyse how much the reliability of the JPEG encoder deteriorates with the use of approximate instead of accurate adders.


PurposeThis paper aims to explore the emerging trends of e-government in Pakistan with an empirical investigation of the e-government websites and the services they provide to the citizens of Pakistan. It also investigates the level of development of these e-government websites in the Punjab Web portal. The governments in Asian countries, including Pakistan, have been struggling to switch their services from traditional on-spot services to online services. Focal points of the study are development level of e-government websites, available e-services and quality.Design/methodology/approachThe e-government Web portal of Punjab province with 38 websites is center of attention in present study. Website's content analysis method is used to study e-government websites (N= 38) from the Punjab Web portal. It used the "Four-Stage Development Model" for the four stages, namely, "publishing", "interacting", "transacting" and "transforming", to study the phenomena.FindingsThe findings showed that most of the websites on the Web portal were at the first (publishing) and second (interacting) stage of development. For the provision of effective online services, websites need to be on the third (transacting) and fourth (transforming) stage. Only a few websites in the Punjab Web portal were the on transacting and transforming stages providing a mature level of services. In total, 40 different types of services are identified in 38 websites of Punjab e-government Web portal.Practical implicationsE-government, Web portals are developed to give citizens a single, easy access point to several departments' websites and their services. This baseline study recommends to update e-government websites periodically and put more focus on technological and contextual features to enhance the accessibility and usability of the websites.Originality/valueThis is first empirical study of e-government websites to explore their services and examine existing level of website development in this region.


A spin-velocity actuated ball valve in a hollow-nose, hollow base projectile is positioned to selectively close or open a projectile. In the closed position normal propellant pressure or projectile carried propellant causes the projectile to achieve operational velocity. In the open position a conduit through the projectile reduces frontal area and tail drag caused by turbulence.


This past fall I made two trips to Washington, D.C., not to ask for anything, but to relay a real-life story and example of the free market at work in medical practice, particularly as it relates to the surgery center I co-founded. At one point I found myself in the "members only" dining room in the Capitol, just down the stairs from the House chamber, with four U.S. Representatives. One conversational thing led to another and I found myself paraphrasing Murray Rothbard, who is considered the dean of the Austrian school of economics and the founder of libertarianism. I asked these men what their reaction was to the following: Rothbard had stated that governments are formed by men, ultimately to secure some advantage otherwise unavailable to them; and that by extension, the same was true of laws, that is, that their primary purpose is a grant of privilege to those advocating those same laws. Their reaction was interesting. These men all agreed that in the vast majority of cases, the legislation they were asked to promote or support fit this characterization. I relate this vignette because I find the uncompromising approach to political economy, an approach championed by Rothbard, Ludwig von Mises, and others, to be more and more vindicated over time. As Nobel prizewinner Friedrich Hayek said of Mises, "At first we all felt he was frightfully exaggerating and even offensive in tone. You see, he hurt all our deepest feelings, but gradually he won us around…." Similarly, Rothbard's views on the corruption of government were vilified as extremist, but his warnings and conclusions appear more and more correct as time goes by. He was just ahead of his time and of most of his peers.


The crowded bed is a metaphor for the ghosts each partner brings to a relationship. This guide synthesizes the principles of couple and family therapy, empowering the reader to help couples achieve the intimacy they long for. Included is a case study and guidelines for working with various populations. While written primarily for students, this book is aimed also at others who are experiencing the strain of a crowded bed.


Friedman's permanent income hypothesis has laid the foundation of modern economics and theory of consumption and savings. But the increasing amount of transitory income generating over the last few decades and the dependencies of individuals on the same, have compelled the economists of the modern era to give some thought to it. Even at the policy levels, transitory income has been a big issue for deliberation where from a significant portion of GDP is generated. This paper attempts to review the researches over the years carried out on transitory income across the globe and put forward a framework for dealing with it in the light of individual's consumption and savings'


It has been widely certified that hyperspectral images can be effectively used to monitor soil organic matter (SOM). Though numerous bands reveal more details in spectral features, information redundancy and noise interference also come accordingly. Due to the fact that, nowadays, prevailing dimensionality reduction methods targeted to hyperspectral images fail to make effective band selections, it is hard to capture the spectral features of ground objects quickly and accurately. In this paper, to solve the inefficiency and instability of hyperspectral feature selection, we proposed a feature selection framework named reinforcement learning for feature selection in hyperspectral regression (RLFSR). Specifically, the Markov Decision Process (MDP) was used to simulate the hyperspectral band selection process, and reinforcement learning agents were introduced to improve model performance. Then two spectral feature evaluation methods were introduced to find internal relationships between the hyperspectral features and thus comprehensively evaluate all hyperspectral bands aimed at the soil. The feature selection methods—RLFSR-Net and RLFSR-Cv—were based on pre-trained deep networks and cross-validation, respectively, and achieved excellent results on airborne hyperspectral images from Yitong Manchu Autonomous County in China. The feature subsets achieved the highest accuracy for most inversion models, with inversion R2 values of 0.7506 and 0.7518, respectively. The two proposed methods showed slight differences in spectral feature extraction preferences and hyperspectral feature selection flexibilities in deep reinforcement learning. The experiments showed that the proposed RLFSR framework could better capture the spectral characteristics of SOM than the existing methods.


This article, using unbalanced panel data on 16 affluent OECD countries, tests the effects of diverse aspects of globalization and deindustrialization on unionization trends. In contrast to the recent studies focusing on the conditional role of labor market institutions, this study underlines the role of two structural factors in transforming occupational structures and ethnic composition of labor force: deindustrialization and international labor mobility across borders. The results lend substantial credence to my argument that, while deindustrialization has driven dramatic declines in union density by shrinking employment in traditionally highly unionized manufacturing sector, international migration negatively affects unionization by increasing competitions and heterogeneity between low-skilled native and immigrant workers. The empirical findings raise the question of how trade unions can build solidarity between native and immigrant workers.


Prior research in the visual world paradigm has shown that copresent depicted events rapidly influence on-line structural disambiguation. The generality of this finding, however, is uncertain, since these studies relied on the visual co-presence of the depicted events, and on highly non-stereotypical stimuli which may have increased the salience of visual information. We conducted three visual world experiments to address these concerns. The first experiment used more plausible stimuli than prior studies. The second experiment investigated the disambiguation effect for prior events using the "blank screen" paradigm. In the third experiment, actions were animated and completed before the utterance started. While a disambiguation effect was found in all three experiments, the first and second showed an additional speed-up compared to previous studies while the third suggests competition with visual factors.


In order to select and assess co-innovation partners, I have developed an integrative framework coined as the co-innovation alliance scan that consist of four 'fits' between alliance partners: a strategic, operation, relationship and network fit. Each fit contains three indicators, to be rated from 1 (unfavorable) to 5 (favorable). High rated indicators prognosticate success, low ones might hamper or impede successful co-innovation cooperation. Using the scan, I constructed a serious "alliance game" in order to develop competencies of (future) alliance managers.


The structural properties of self-bounded controlled invariant subspaces are fundamental to the synthesis of a dynamic feedforward compensator achieving insensitivity of the controlled output to a disturbance input accessible for measurement, on the assumption that the system is stable or pre-stabilized by an inner feedback. The control system herein devised has several important features: i) minimum order of the feedforward compensator; ii) minimum number of unassignable dynamics internal to the feedforward compensator; iii) maximum number of dynamics, external to the feedforward compensator, arbitrarily assignable by a possible inner feedback. From the numerical point of view, the design method herein detailed does not involve any computation of eigenspaces, which may be critical for systems of high order. The procedure is first presented for left-invertible systems. Then, it is extended to non-left-invertible systems by means of a simple, strictly geometric, squaring-down technique.


The bachelor thesis discusses the chitosan and its derivatives as important biopolymers for many practical applications. In the first part common polysaccharides are described and classified. The attention is also paid to the characterization of chitosan, its structure and properties. The second section includes the overview of selected chitosan derivatives and deals with their practical use, especially in health care, pharmaceutical and food industry.


This volume contains new information and results gleaned from
deeper fisheries surveys of our Exclusive Economic Zone carried out
since 1985. These surveys were made with a holistic approach towards
understanding the ecological environments of living resources that lie
in the sea beyond the 50 m deep belt of traditional fishing.


Session-based recommendations attempt to anticipate the subsequent item based on past interactions with anonymous users. Only a small subset of user interactions can be modeled in order to fully capture user preferences. Most of existing models have verified that attention mechanisms are useful for modeling user preferences. However, these attention-based models still have two limitations. First, these methods focus on pairwise item-item interactions. Categories and behaviors, which can provide side information to improve recommendation accuracy, are simply ignored. Second, irrelevant items (i.e., spurious user behaviors), which are not favorable for the final result, are difficult to identify and eliminate automatically. To solve the above difficulties, we propose a Multi-Information Enhanced Attention Network (MIEAN). Specifically, we capture attention to items in a session by combining behaviors with items and categories, respectively, and then design enhanced attention to decrease the effects of irrelevant items. We have conducted comprehensive experiments on two real and public datasets, JData and Tmall, and the experimental results show that the proposed model achieves state-of-the-art performance in the main test metrics and also prove that categories and behaviors are useful for modeling user preferences.


Abstract An InP/InGaAs superlattice-emitter resonant tunneling bipolar transistor (SE-RTBT) has been fabricated and demonstrated. The influence of the superlattice and emitter thickness on the device characteristics is studied. The insertion of the superlattice and a well-designed emitter improve the characteristics of the SE-RTBT. Common-emitter current gains up to 170 and 54 are obtained for the studied devices with emitter thicknesses of 800 A and 150 A, respectively. Based on the specified structure, the lower offset voltage and saturation voltage (  ≤ 1.5 V) are obtained. Experimentally, the device with a 5-period superlattice and an emitter thickness of 800 A provides higher dc performance and stable temperature-dependent characteristics.


A bio-adsorbent of thiol-functionalized cellulose (TFC) was chemically prepared for the removal of Hg (II) from aqueous solutions. The surface morphology and thiol content of TFC were characterized and measured, and the adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherm of Hg (II) were investigated. Results showed that the maximum adsorption efficiency (99%) of the as-prepared TFC was obviously higher than that of the raw cellulose (66%). More than 96% of Hg (II) at the concentration of 1.0 mg L -1 could be removed from real wastewater samples within 20 min. The adsorption behavior could be fitted by Langmuir and Freundlich models with R 2 >0.96. The results demonstrated that the as-prepared TFC is a novel bio-adsorbent for the removal of Hg (II) from water environment with the advantages of rapidity, high efficiency, simple preparation and environment protection.


Based on the embedded Linux system, this paper studies the high-speed data transmission system for the IC test. The AXI4 Burst interface module between DDR and FIFO is designed by using data transmission segmentation method, which can minimize the transmission cycles. The read/write channel of the communication module between ZYNQ and FPGA has both a data/instruction valid signal and an accompanying clock, which can improve stabilization of data transmission. Finally, to design device driver and application for the data transmission peripheral by using memory mapping, which helps users to operate and manage the peripheral and a large number of files for IC test. Experimental results show after many tests, the sending and receiving files are consistent, indicating that the system can transmit data correctly and stably. The data transmission rate of the system can reach 540Mbps.


Objective: Th e paper aims to compare postural stability between two groups of research subjects: obese children and athletes. Methods: Both these groups were examined for postural control with two tests – Limits of Stability (LOS) and the Sensory Organization Test (SOT). Based on the test results, diff erences between the groups were compared and statistically evaluated. Results: Th e paper demonstrated a signifi cant impact that obesity has on the postural stability of an individual. Statistically signifi cant diff erences were found in both the reaction time (RT) and the maximum excursion in the LOS test and in the selection of motion strategies aimed at maintaining postural stability in the SOT test. Conclusions: In physiotherapy of children with obesity, physical activities need to focus on improving the overall posture and postural stability, for instance through functional training.


Mirab -balou , M. & Zaidi , F.: First report of the genus and species Cephalothrips monilicornis (Reuter) (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) from Doha, Qatar. Abstract: The genus Cephalothrips Uzel (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) with eight species in the world, is one the small group in subfamily Phlaeothripinae. Here, Cephalothrips monilicornis (Reuter, 1880) is reported for the first time from Doha, Qatar. Diagnostic morphological characters and geographical distribution of the newly recorded species are briefly discussed. The specimens examined are deposited in the collection of Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Ilam University, Iran (ILAMU).


the (Counseling) Details M any patients presenting for a weight management consultation commonly ask about intermittent fasting (IMF). It is important to elicit what patients mean by IMF. Intermittent fasting, sometimes called intermittent energy restriction, is an umbrella term used to describe dietary regimens involving energy restriction for specific periods of time. Mattson and colleagues define IMF as "eating patterns in which individuals go extended time periods (e.g., 16–48h) with little or no energy intake, with intervening periods of normal food intake, on a recurring basis" (1, 2). Time-restricted eating (TRE) is a specific IMF paradigm involving consistent fasting and eating periods within a 24-hour cycle in which food intake is restricted to a time window of 8 to 10 hours or less per day. Other IMF paradigms involve fasting for an entire 24-hour cycle and include alternate-day fasting or fasting 1 to 3 days per week. In these paradigms, the "fast" days can consist of a complete fast (zero calorie intake) or a modified fast (up to 25% of baseline energy requirements), and energy intake on "fed" days may be ad libitum or targeted to 125% of energy requirements. Time-restricted eating has become increasingly popular as a weight loss strategy, likely because of its simplicity. Traditional dietary weight loss strategies focus on daily calorie restriction (CR) (that is, reducing energy intake by 500 to 1000 kcal/d or by 30% from baseline energy requirements) (3). Daily CR requires substantial investment of time to self-monitor, including tracking calorie intake andmeasuring portions. This may be challenging for persons in historically marginalized communities because it requires a high degree of numeracy, literacy, cost, and time (4). An appealing feature of TRE is that persons do not have to count calories. A 2019 review suggested TRE may be a promising strategy, with several small studies showing weight losses of 2 to 3 kg over 10 to 12 weeks in persons with overweight or obesity (5). However, a recent trial involving 116 participants found weight loss of only 0.9 kg over 12 weeks in persons with overweight or obesity asked to restrict their eating window to noon to 8:00 p.m., which was not different from the control condition of consistent meal timing with no restriction on eating window (6). Further, 2 recent randomized trials, respectively 9 and 12 months in duration, compared CR plus TRE with CR alone and found no statistically significant differences in weight loss (7, 8). Many persons practice TRE as a sole weight loss strategy (that is, without also intentionally focusing on counting and restricting calories). Thus, rigorous, randomized trials of TRE without CR as compared with CR alone are needed to understand the benefits and harms of this strategy. In their article, Lin and colleagues (4) report a study that randomly assigned 90 participants with obesity to 1 of 3 groups: TRE, daily CR, or a no-intervention control for 1 year. The eating window for the TRE group was 8 hours (noon to 8:00 p.m.); the CR group was prescribed a 25% energy restriction from baseline but were not asked to change their eating window. Study participants were ethnically diverse (46% Hispanic and 33% Black) and predominantly female (82%). Participants in both TRE and CR were offered 24 visits with a registered dietitian. At 1 year, weight losses were 3.5 and 4.3 kg in the TRE and CR groups, respectively, whereas the control group gained 1.1 kg. There was substantial interindividual variability in weight change in all 3 groups. There were no statistically significant differences between TRE and CR in secondary outcomes, including body composition, self-reported energy intake, steps per day, lipids, blood pressure, insulin, glucose, and hemoglobin A1c. The findings of this trial of weight loss of 4 kg at 6months and 3.5 kg at 1 year among participants assigned to TRE contrasts with the 0.9 kg weight loss at 12 weeks in participants assigned to a similar eating window in Lowe and colleagues' trial (6). The difference in outcomes between these 2 trials is likely attributable to differences in dietary counseling. Lin and colleagues provided counseling whereas Lowe and colleagues' trial included no specific dietary counseling other than daily text reminders about eating windows. Lin and colleagues offered participants telephone or Zoom (Zoom Video Communications) visits with a registered dietitian every week during the first 3 months and every other week during months 4 to 6. Visits focused on making healthy food choices consistent with the American Diabetes Association nutrition guidelines. They also received monthly individual meetings during months 7 to 12 to focus on cognitive behavioral strategies to prevent weight regain. The registered dietitian support likely influenced dietary choices of persons within their 8-hour eating window. Interestingly, both studies used a late TRE window (noon to 8:00 p.m.), with the rationale that this may be more acceptable and feasible for participants. A recent meta-analysis suggests that early TRE (eating window starting within 1 to 2 hours of waking and ending by 4:00 p.m.) may produce greater metabolic benefit (reductions in insulin resistance) compared with late TRE (9). What are the lessons of Lin and colleagues' trial for clinicians? First, TRE alone (that is, without intentional focus on CR) can be an effective strategy for weight loss, if there is concurrent nutritional counseling to support healthy food choices. Second, TRE is not more effective than traditional daily CR. Thus, patient preference and other individual-specific considerations regarding ease of implementation can guide clinical choice of dietary weight loss intervention. Third, there is substantial variability in weight loss within both TRE and CR. Further research is needed to understand whomay do better with TRE versus CR.


The surface structure of woolen fabric finished by nano-TiO_2 was analyzed by the Atomic force microscopy(AFM),the Raman spectroscopy tester,XPS and SEM.The result showed that wool fiber had changed such as the surface morphology,the Raman peak,the surface elemental atomic percentage and atomic energy.And the particle of TiO_2 was found to be attached on the woolen fabric and not destroyed the scales on the wool fiber.This will lay foundation for the study of the functional performance of woolen fabric finished by nano-TiO_2.


Edited by Donna M. Norris, Geetha Jayaram, Annelle B. Primm. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing, 2012. 345 pp. $65.00.

> How might narrative improve understanding of our clients and ourselves, enhance skills in assessment and testimony, inform the creation and critique of expert


In this paper, to suppress the digital radio frequency memory (DRFM) false target jamming, we introduce a jamming recognition-based method. The method first extracts mixed target and jamming samples, then computes adaptive weights by subsections of mixed samples, finally recognizes the jamming samples according to the adaptive power residue (APR) criterion. Numerical examples are provided which verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.


This undergraduate thesis/final project will elaborate the managerial ability and the coordination conducted by PT Taman Wisata Candi Borobudur, Prambanan, dan Ratu Boko in the face of cold lava flood risk caused by the eruption of Merapi in 2010, the abilities is valued during pre-disaster phase. This final project will be useful for the company, researchers, and readers in the face of similar natural disaster.
This final project thought that Prambanan Temple Tourism Park plays an important role to keep the continuity of tourism from disaster that threatened the complex of TWC Prambanan. Managers must be responsible for minimizing the vulnerability by do some coordination with another stakeholders to reduce the impact of disasters. Information obtained from the article, electronic media, and interview with the unit manager of TWC Prambanan.
Pre-disaster phase need mitigation and preparedness aspect, where in each stage of the communication needed to support the effective and efficient delivery of information that can be received and responded quickly. Stage of implementation/disaster management procedures become very important thing in pre-disaster phase, this need to be made in the management of the company to face the similar natural disaster, each already knows the role, what they should do, and how to save themselves from the disaster occur.
This final project is describe the steps taken by the management in the face of pre-disaster clod lava flood. This final project is not only explain what steps do by the manager of TWC Prambanan, but also strengths and weakness from that steps. Weakness can be corrected by applying a pre-disaster management in accordance with the procedures of disaster management.


A study on how the application of fair trade principles to the pharmaceutical industry would hurt public health around the globe is presented. The fair trade campaign would weaken and hold back the development of intellectual property regimes to achieve their anti-market ideological agenda.


Video games are big business in both western and Asian countries. Japanese video games are representatives of those in Asia. Although there are a lot of differences between western and Japanese video games, they have become important feature in the economies. In this article, the author talks the main features and differences in Japanese and western video games. Besides, the author also discusses the future trends of Japanese video games which have already become a main competitor in the global video game market.