Covid 19 Global pandemic has now brought the entire socio-economic structures in to a standstill state all over the world. It has already challenged the global operations of several business sectors. Time has come to rethink how to recover and regain of the economy, employment and business functions with a fresh beginning in most of the worsened economic sectors. South Asia (Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Pakistan, Nepal, Sri Lanka; Afghanistan and the Maldives) with a population of 1.8 billion has been severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic due to poor public health infrastructure, pervasive informality and poor coverage of social protection. The key sectors such as MSMEs, tourism and labour-intensive exports such as readymade garments have been most adversely impacted, leading to loss of jobs for the millions of people in the sub-region. The economic growth has come to a grinding halt and the threat of rising incidence of poverty, hunger and inequality is real. This sudden fall in tourism industry have created severe economic and social consequences within and beyond tourism in the region. Sri Lanka is a country with open economy, has hit badly under this circumstances, in particularly the Sri Lankan export market. Sri Lankan Rupee is depreciating and U.S Dollar has increased to Rs.197/= by January 2021. Total export of Sri Lanka in 2019 was $16.14Bn which comprised $11.94Bn from Merchandise exports and $4.2Bn from service sector. The services sector revenue generation was mainly from the tourism industry which amounts to $3.6Bn during 2019. However this was 18% drop compares to previous year which was $4.2Bn in 2018, following the Easter Sunday attack in April 2019. As a result of Covid – 19 global pandemic outbreaks, many countries imposed travel restrictions and locked down no of cities/countries. Sri Lankan government imposed Island wide curfew on 20th March 2020 resulting tourism industry dropped to the bottom while crippling the Sri Lankan economy. For Sri Lanka, tourism sector's contribution towards countries development is been quite considerable. This paper discuss the present situation, how to recapture the tourism market and to create new opportunities for future growth in this foreign currency earning very important sector in Sri Lanka as well as in South Asian Region.


As the coproduct of steelmaking, steelmaking slag, volumetrically expansive-prone without treatment, has been satisfactorily used as an aggregate base course material in highway construction. Although numerous technical reports and papers have revealed that steel slag aggreged using in rigid matrixes, the end product, paving block, non-structural concrete, for example, possesses superb strength and durability properties, the application of steel slag aggregate as a concrete aggregate is currently prohibited in highway construction. Naturally, researchers explore the practicality of use of steel slag, how to connect the laboratory experiment results to the end-product behavior, and further convert the research results into real construction? For all nontraditional or secondary materials utilization, the procedure of laboratory material examination, lab and field trial test are critical. To generalize the utilization, usability criteria establishment is necessary. This paper tries to use step-by-step method and plain language to explain how the volumetrically expansion can be simulated in lab testing apparatus, and based on the model, the mathematical deduction can result in a numerical usability criterion for steel slag use as a coarse aggregate in concrete (a rigid material). Therefore the paper is composed four main parts, laboratory test methods to examine the expansion force resulted from steel slag; converting the measured expansion force in a given volume of mass aggregate to the expansion (body) force of a single particle; modeling of slag and end material disruption; and a usability criterion from numerical deduction for the use of expansive-prone coarse slag in concrete or other rigid matrices. The paper provides the solutions to answer the above questions. Through the mathematical and mechanical modeling, provides the potential criteria that could result in specifications and guidance establishment for broad volumetric expansive-prone slags.


Despite advances in process control, batching is a common practice in many process industries for various economic or technological reasons. Production managers often encounter a decision to produce whole or partial batches in the face of variable production targets. Producing whole batches is managerially convenient but may be economically undesirable. Producing partial batches may be managerially and qualitatively inappropriate, but enables achieving an exact production target. Batching decisions directly impact the total volume of final products, resource requirements, and unit costs of products. A model using a penalty approach was constructed to optimize product mix and batch mix under managerial and production constraints. the degree of penalty should be determined by the nature of the industry, the type of products, and the conditions of manufacturing and market. the model was applied to a case of production planning for spaghetti sauce products, and is intended as a guide for the construction of similar models in other industries and for other situtations. In the example situation investigated optimal solutions for the batch choices were regularly more economical than those driven by whole batch policies or by partial batching to meet a production target.


Objective To text the efficacy of insecticide of multi-formula Shachongling. Methods Immersion method in lab and spraying in filed. Results Mosquito larvae were killed within 32 min. Adult mosquitoes, midges, horse flies respectively were knocked down within 20 min,5 min and 25 min. All the blood-sucking insects were killed within 24 h. The reduction rates of mosquitoes, midges and horse flies were 99.8% , 100% , 100% respectively in 1 h, the reduction rates were 96% ,98%,100% in 2 h, the reduction rates were 46% ,61% ,48% in 4 h. The densities of insects restored after 24 h. Conclusion Insecticide of multi-formula Shachongling had good effect on killing blood-sucking insects.


Our modelling of FR I radio jets as decelerating, relativistic flows allows us to derive their orientations accurately. We present images of Faraday rotation for two of these these objects (3C 31 and NGC 315) and show that the fluctuations of rotation measure (RM) are larger in the fainter (receding) jets, as expected if the rotation occurs in the hot galaxy/group halos. The gas density is much lower in NGC 315 and the RM fluctuations are only just detectable. (© 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


We have used femtosecond-resolved microscopy in order to investigate the temporal and spatial evolution of the ablation process in fused silica upon irradiation with single femtosecond laser pulses at 800 nm. Images of the surface reflectivity at 400 nm have been recorded at different delays after the pump pulse, covering a time span from ~100 fs up to 20 ns. The quantitative analysis of the image sequence allows to determine the ultrafast evolution of the surface reflectivity. Making use of the gaussian beam profile of the pump pulse, the reflectivity evolution can be extracted at different spatial positions (and thus different local fluences) from a single image series at constant peak laser fluence. The results obtained in fused silica are compared to those obtained in other glasses with higher linear and non-linear refractive indices and lower bandgaps.


Anthropology's research on society firstly pays attention to the relationships between the birth and evolution and exchange of things and the social principle,through exchange of things are the external function and internal structure analyzed and does a thorough understanding on society achieve.The systematic study on the exchange of things in this essay indicates the importance and irreplaceability of the exchange of things in study of ethnic journal.


Introduction Psoriasis (PS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease accompanied by reduced quality of life. Mindfulness is the ability to focus on the present moment without evaluation. Findings on the effects of 8-week mindfulness trainings in patients with PS reveal positive effects on the severity of the disease and quality of life. However, it remained unclear what distinguishes patients with PS interested in psychological interventions from those without interest and whether also a shorter, namely 2-week mindfulness-based intervention is beneficial in this patient group. This will be investigated with this study. Methods and analyses Data will be collected at a rehabilitation clinic in Germany. The study is divided into two parts: study 1a is an observational study. Its aim is to investigate whether sociodemographic, skin-related and psychological factors are significant predictors of interest in a brief psychological intervention in 127 patients with PS. Study 1b is a randomised controlled trial, in which 60 patients (retrieved from study 1a) will be randomised to an intervention or control group (treatment as usual). The main outcome variables are mindfulness and self-compassion. In addition, mediation analyses will be used in an explorative manner to test whether there is a relationship between mindfulness/self-compassion and the severity of PS and whether it is mediated by itch catastrophising and fear of negative evaluation (first model) or perceived stress (second model). Ethics and dissemination The study protocol has been approved by the University of Giessen. Study results will be disseminated by publication of the results at (inter) national conferences and in scientific journals. Trial registration numbers DRKS00017426 and DRKS00017429.


The invention relates to a biocompatible bleed-stopping and bone healing promoting material and a preparation method thereof. The material is applied to the bone surface or bone section of a human body or an animal, and is characterized in that the biocompatible bleed-stopping and bone healing promoting material is modified starch prepared by modifying natural starch serving as a raw material, and comprises one or more than two of modified starch granules, modified starch sponges, modified starch films, modified starch foams or modified starch glues, wherein the molecular weight of the modified starch is 15,000 to 10,000,000, and the water absorption rate is 1 to 100 times; in the natural starch serving as the raw material, the content of the amylopectin is at least no less than 70 percent of the total amount of the raw material. The invention fulfills the aim of stopping bleeding through direct spraying, daubing and pasting the biocompatible bleed-stopping and bone healing promoting material to touch the bone bleeding surface of wound; meanwhile, the biocompatible bleed-stopping and bone healing promoting material has a function of promoting bone healing, and can be used in the bleed stopping in the sternotomy of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, spinal surgeries and joint surgeries of orthopedics department, Craniotomy and maxillo-facial surgery and the bleed stopping in the process of trauma care.


In this article, modification methods and its enhancement affect on the adsorption capability of various adsorbents for treatment process has been reviewed. Instead of using commercial activated carbon, researchers have studied on the modification of low cost and locally available materials such as agricultural by-products, clays, zeolites, and other adsorbents to have more active surfaces and adsorption capacity. Modifications in literature focused on the four basic methods such as physical, physiochemical, chemical and biological activation. Adsorption capacities of adsorbent have increased quietly as a result of modification.


CD-SEMs are used within ASML for evaluating the imaging performance of Stepper and Step and Scan systems. This implies measuring a large number of focus exposure matrices and inter/intra-field CD measurements on different CD-SEMs. Therefore the CD-SEMs in ASML are matched through focus. The matching procedure is done on three steps. First, all CD- SEMs are checked for stability. Then the magnification factor for each of the individual CD-SEMs is checked in order to make sure that he tool is set up correctly. Finally, the CD measurements are matched through focus and multiple exposure energies. In this paper, we will show that the CD-SEMs of different vendors can be matched using photoresist features, through focus within 5 nm for 0.18 micrometers features. This matching includes different orientations and densities using only one correction offset.


This work is a study of the interannual variability of Alaskan Coastal Water (ACW) supplied into the Arctic Ocean during the summer season. Based on hydrological data obtained during ten Chinese...


This research aims to test the influence of policy dividens, investment decisions and the financial performance of the firm value on manufacturing companies listed on the indonesian stock exchange at 2014-2017. The collection of data using secondary data with technique documentation. The population in this study is the manufacturing companies listed on the indonesian stock exchange. sampling is done by means of purposives sampling. Methods of analysis used is Multiple Regression Analysis. the result of this test show that 1.) Dividend policy, investment decisions and financial performance to simultaneously effect significantly to the value of the company, 2.) Dividend policy the positive effect significantly to the value of the company, 3.) Investment decisions are negative effect not significant the value of the company, 4.) Financial performance with solvency the positive effect significantly to the value of the company, 5.) Financial performance with liquidity are negative effect not significant the value of the company, 6.) Financial performance with profitability the positive effect significantly to the value of the company
Key Word : Dividend, Investment, Solvency, Liquidit


This chapter focuses on the Eleventh Session of Derrida's Death Penalty seminar. In this session Derrida pauses in his readings of post-Enlightenment abolitionist discourse to turn to the Essais of Michel de Montaigne, the sixteenth-century French philosopher whose famous tower library he had visited shortly before delivering this lecture on March 22, 2000. Derrida opens the session by quoting Montaigne in a manner he describes as "theatrical" and somewhat "violent," before announcing: "Since I'm at Montaigne, I'm going to stay a while." This chapter asks what this "stay at Montaigne" represents for Derrida, how it operates strategically in his deconstruction of the death penalty, and what specific force Montaigne represents for Derrida. The chapter also examines several passages in Montaigne's Essais not discussed by Derrida in order to see how Montaigne's Pyrrhonian-style skepticism offers a pre-Enlightenment model of opposition to capital punishment.


For rendering temporary medical aid in various kinds of traumas pneumatic medical splints are of an ever wider use. These are inflated double-layer air-tight filmy chamber-like sheathes forming a slip-cover around injured limbs of the victims, or around their cervical vertebrae. A review of the existing foreign and Soviet-made specimens of the splints has shown that, as regards their functional purpose and film material employed, they form several types, including uni- or multisectional, shaped, split and solid, reinforced and non-reinforced, etc. The pneumatic splints have a number of advantages, the one of them being the fact that can be quickly used for rendering help or self-help in the field.


The thiazolidine ring in the title compound has an envelope conformation, E 4 , with a C atom out of the plane of the ring. The C-S and C-N bond lengths clearly show the typical resonance of the thiourea group. The molecules are linked by van der Waals forces and an intramolecular N...N hydrogen bond is present


Wright et al 1 set out to assess the "health effects" of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and the evidence for the efficacy of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in this disorder. In their assessment they concentrated particularly on whether or not OSA causes cardiovascular disease. The review included more than 70 papers examining cardiovascular end points and less than 30 pertaining to daytime sleepiness and quality of life. It was structured to emphasise these cardiovascular issues and appeared to imply that these factors are the important reasons for the treatment of sleep apnoea. In fact this is incorrect. Patients with sleep apnoea are treated primarily to control disabling daytime sleepiness and to improve quality of life. Heated debates about possible links with cardiovascular disease continue but these are not primarily relevant to the efficacy of CPAP treatment. By getting this balance wrong, the review by Wright et al 1 was seriously flawed; by asking the wrong question it inevitably produced a misleading answer.

Wright et al 1 first dealt with "health effects" and then separately with "CPAP efficacy" and the present discussion is structured similarly. Most of the available cardiovascular evidence relates to systemic arterial blood pressure and hence this dominates what follows. The discussion of arterial blood pressure deals first with blood pressure at night in patients with OSA and then separately with daytime awake blood pressure, since the patterns and mechanisms of any blood pressure changes are different in these two states.

Figure 1 shows the disturbance of blood pressure and cardiac output which occurs during obstructive apnoeas. The blood pressure trace shows repeated falls during apnoea followed by a sharp rise in the period following the apnoea which is coincident with arousal on the electroencephalogram. The magnitude of the rise in blood pressure following apnoea can be …


This study focused on one question: Do each of four caregiver responses--emotion-focused coping, problem-focused coping, appraisal of burden, and appraisal of satisfaction--mediate or moderate the effects of caregiving stress on caregiver psychological well-being? A series of regression equations was used to determine mediating and moderating effects for each of the responses in a convenience sample of 204 Hispanic and non-Hispanic caregivers. Appraisal of burden mediated the effects of caregiving stress on somatic complaints and depression; appraisal of satisfaction moderated the effects of stress on personal gain and life satisfaction; emotion-focused coping demonstrated moderating effects on depression and life satisfaction, although not in the predicted direction; problem-focused coping did not demonstrate any mediating or moderating effects. The findings indicate that development of interventions that focus on how caregivers appraise their situation, as well as their coping skills could help empower caregivers and improve their psychological well-being. Key words: Alzheimer's disease; caregivers; mediating effects; moderating effects; stress ********** Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been estimated to affect more than 3.5 million people. By 2010, it is projected that more than 5.5 million people will be diagnosed with this disease (Alzheimer's Association, 1998). Numerous studies have found providing care to people with AD is associated with a number of negative consequences (Kramer, 1997; Schulz, O'Brien, Bookwala, & Fleissner, 1995). Increased levels of depression, anxiety, and somatic complaints are significantly higher than for caregivers than noncaregivers (Schulz et al.). The Alzheimer's Association (1998) estimated the cost of providing care to people diagnosed with AD to be $90 billion per year. Although the majority of this financial burden falls directly on the caregivers, a financial burden of this magnitude has an indirect, if not direct, effect on the economy of the entire nation. The progression, duration, and demands of AD frequently result in caregivers no longer being able to provide care and having to resort to institutionalizing the individual with AD. Perhaps these facts are but two of the reasons we find such an abundance of AD caregiving studies in the gerontology literature. CONCEPTUAL MODEL Moderating versus Mediating Models Kramer and Vitaliano (1994) in a review of the caregiving literature found that much of the research was based on the stress, appraisal, and coping model developed by Lazarus and Folkman (1984). Lazarus and Folkman stated that "in order to understand variations among individuals under comparable conditions, we must take into account the cognitive process that intervenes between the encounter and the reaction, and the factors that affect the nature of this mediation" (p. 23). The majority of the caregiving literature has an a priori assumption that appraisal and coping are mediators of stress. The distinction between mediators and moderators is not discussed in most of the AD caregiving literature; however, the moderator-mediator discussion is found in the social psychology, child psychology, and industrial psychology literature. Holmbeck (1997) posited that although Lazarus and Folkman (1984) used the term "mediation" in their conceptual model, [they] "appear to be describing a moderational process" (p. 606). Baron and Kenny (1986) stated that "there are conceptual implications of the failure to appreciate the moderator-mediator distinction" (p. 1173). They went on to say that in fact, many researchers have used the terms "moderator" and "mediator" interchangeably in the same study. "In other words, a moderator variable is one that affects the relationship between two variables, so that the nature of the impact of the predictor on the criterion varies according to the level or value of the moderator" (Holmbeck, 1997, p. …


Lung cancer accounts for the highest rate of cancer‐related diagnosis and mortality. Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common histopathological type. BCCIP was originally identified as a BRCA2 and CDKN1A interacting protein. In different cancers, BCCIP plays different roles. The role of BCCIP in LUAD is still unknown.


As with most industries operating in a worldwide business environment, engineering and construction companies have a need to quantify the business impact of information management strategies and the associated investment in information technology. The prevailing assumption that corporate investment in information technology will immediately result in more efficient business operations and inevitably improve the standard measures of business performance is now highly suspect in many U.S. industries. It is not uncommon for companies to be dissatisfied with their information technology investments, and to be frustrated over their inability to objectively quantify the anticipated process benefits. These issues raise two important questions: (1) how can companies objectively measure the potential benefit of information management investments?; and (2) what information management strategies can be successful in construction engineering? This paper summarizes a research project designed to specifically answer th...


A method is presented which determines the stacking fault energy in face-centred cubic materials from the critical stress that is induced via sample bending in the early stages of plastic deformation. The critical stress is gauged by in situ X-ray diffraction. This method utilizes the results of Byun's consideration of the stress dependence of the partial dislocation separation [Byun (2003). Acta Mater. 51, 3063–3071]. Byun showed that the separation distance of the partial dislocations increases rapidly when the critical stress is reached and that the critical stress needed for the rapid separation of the partial dislocations is directly proportional to the stacking fault energy. In the approach presented here, the partial dislocation separation and the corresponding triggering stress are monitored by using in situ X-ray diffraction during sample bending. Furthermore, the in situ X-ray diffraction measurement checks the possible interactions between stacking faults present on equivalent lattice planes and the interactions of the stacking faults with other microstructure defects. The capability of the proposed method was tested on highly alloyed austenitic steels containing chromium (∼16 wt%), manganese (∼7 wt%) and nickel as the main alloying elements. For the steels containing 5.9 and 3.7 wt% Ni, stacking fault energies of 17.5 ± 1.4 and 8.1 ± 0.9 mJ m−2 were obtained, respectively.


Using data for the period 2010M06–2017M02, this study investigates the possibility of predicting total tourist arrivals to four Austrian cities (Graz, Innsbruck, Salzburg, and Vienna) from LIKES of posts on the Facebook pages of the destination management organizations of these cities. Google Trends data are also incorporated in investigating whether forecast models with LIKES and/or with Google Trends deliver more accurate forecasts. To capture the dynamics in the data, the autoregressive distributed lag (ADL) model class is employed. Taking into account the daily frequency of the original LIKES data, the mixed data sampling (MIDAS) model class is employed as well. While time-series benchmarks from the naive, error–trend–seasonal, and autoregressive moving average model classes perform best for Graz and Innsbruck across forecast horizons and forecast accuracy measures, ADL models incorporating only LIKES or both LIKES and Google Trends generally outperform their competitors for Salzburg. For Vienna, the MIDAS model including both LIKES and Google Trends produces the smallest forecast accuracy measure values for most forecast horizons.


Author(s): Luhung, I; Wu, Y; Chang, VWC; Nazaroff, WW | Abstract: © 2015 International Society of Indoor Air Quality and Climate. All rights reserved. Particle filters are important components of HVAC systems. Biomass accumulation on HVAC filters can potentially have adverse effects on building occupants. The research reported in this paper aims to quantitatively describe the content of biomass on HVAC filters from various indoor office environments in Singapore in relation to key governing processes. In this initial phase, filter samples were collected and analysed using DNA-based methods. The collected DNA was directly extracted from the filters and the final concentration was measured with Qubit and qPCR methods. The DNA concentrations were then related to the cumulative indoor occupancy level. The results show good correlations between bacterial DNA and cumulative occupancy. The proportion of total DNA that belongs to fungal and bacterial species decreases as occupancy level increases, probably because of biomass from other sources such as human skin cells.


Many colleagues have written about the global reliance on health technologies whose innovation, deployment and supportcontinue to improve worldwide healthcare and its delivery. The World Health Organization's-WHO 2007 Resolution WHA60.29called for the effective use of health technologies (HT), in particular medical devices, through proper planning, assessment,acquisition and management.The community of professional clinical engineering (CE) practitioners' pre-COVID19 stories are captured in the Global ClinicalEngineering Journal. An article from 2022 shows the reasons for the increased contributions of this community especially duringthe pandemic in The Growing Role of Clinical Engineering: Merging Technology at the Point of Care.This article will answer questions such as to how this global reliance was demonstrated during the COVID19 period. How thestatus of the Clinical/Biomedical Engineering (CE/BME) profession that serves at the point of care changed as the world emergesfrom the huge stresses of the pandemic. The article reviews the evolution of the CE profession since 2020, how it partneredwith WHO between 2020-2022 and what lessons were learned in the process. It reports future CE priorities to improve country,regional, and global practice in 2023 and beyond. This timely preliminary report shares important findings related to patientcare support services.


The aerosols in atmosphere are often random cluster of small primary particles with disordered appearance. They are considered to be fractal aggregates with a noninteger dimensions and have the important property of invariance under scale transformation. The essential fractal morphology are included in this study of scattering properties for aggregated aerosol particles. The fractal aggregates are simulated by using the growth model of hierarchical cluster-cluster aggregation. The T-matrix approach together with the translation addition theorem for vector spherical waves is employed to solve the aggregate scattering problem. Numerical results for scattering cross sections are illustrated for fractal clusters.


Sunflower oil-in-water emulsions stabilized with milk protein concentrate (MPC) were prepared with a range of protein concentrations. A volume of 700 ml MPC aqueous solution (3-11 w%) was mixed with 300 ml of oil using a laboratory mixer. The coarse emulsions were subjected to heat treatment (75, 85 or 95°C) for 10 min. Some of the samples were unheated. Homogenization was performed in a two-stage homogenizer Niro Soavi type Panda at the pressure of 10/2 MPa and temperature 60°C. Samples were submitted to measurements of stability , oil droplet diameters and rheology in order to estimate the effect of protein concentration and heating on the physicochemical properties of the emulsions. Increasing protein concentration resulted in a decrease in emulsion stability. Heated emulsions were more stable than unheated. The influence of heating temperature on stability was substantial for higher protein concentrations. Heated emulsions were of pseudoplastic character; higher heating temperatures caused more pronounced shear-thinning behavior of the final emulsion and higher emulsion viscosity. Unheated emulsions behaved as viscoplastic fluids and they changed their behavior from shear-thinning to shear-thickening for higher protein content.


The importance of extensive genetic testing of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) cases has been demonstrated repeatedly in research settings but such testing in clinical settings remains sporadic. Determining which individuals should be prioritized for expensive tests remains a challenge. Several guidelines have been released relating to clinical genetic evaluations and testing in the context of ASD and these guidelines may be informed by the results of genetic testing in large research cohorts. The current study summarizes findings from over 2,000 individuals with ASD who received genetic testing, including microarray and exome testing, through the Simons Simplex Consortium. A returnable genetic result is identified in 10% of cases, however, this yield increases based on four readily accessible phenotypes: female sex and the presence of intellectual disability, seizures or delayed walking. Combinations of these factors increase return rate further, with some combinations yielding a return rate over 50%. In conclusion, these four phenotypes provide a simple approach to prioritize genetic testing in a clinical setting and inform future clinical guidelines. Providing a systematic approach to decisions about who to test removes barriers for, and therefore decrease disparities in, reimbursable genetic testing for individuals diagnosed with ASD.


The synthetic estimation method of road risk assessment of geological hazard was discussed based on a practical hignway rebuilding project.Three index,the number of geological hazard category,average density of geological hazard point and distribution length of the geological hazard were chosen as quantitative index for quantitative estimation.Combined with the results of present and predictive estimation,the area along the highway was divided by hazard rank.Contrast to the traditional qualitative analysis,the section divided by hazard rank are more reasonable,practical,and following the assessment principle that "similar within section and different out section" as well.This method can be used as reference in synthetic estimation of geological hazard assessment in similar practice.


The article presents the results of a study of the effect of preliminary preparation of phytoestrogenic raw materials and stepwise changes in temperature during drying on energy consumption in the production of dry powders. As well as the results of studies to determine the cost of heat for evaporation of moisture from phytoestrogenic plant mixtures: soy-carrots and soy-spinach.


The tunnel rock quality and its influential factors are very complicated and uncertain.And the assessments used before with fixed index and fixed weight are not reasonable.So it is necessary to build a fuzzy assessment model which can consider several influential factors.Firstly,by using fuzzy mathematic method,based on the single factor comprehensive assessment method,a six factors comprehensive model are founded for the tunnel rock.This model contains six factors,namely uniaxial compressive strength of rock σc,RQD index,interval J1 between joint plane,roughness coefficient f of joint plane surfaces,and acoustic wave velocity V in rock mass.Secondly,rock mass in one underground is chosen as the engineering background.The fuzzy comprehensive assessment is done to the rock mass in seven sections of this tunnel.The result of assessment shows that,fuzzy assessment method is suitable for different rock mass engineering,it can make use of resource from engineering geological investigation at the largest degree.Fuzzy assessment method is a good way to solve the problem with several factors and several index.The results obtained for the project by fuzzy assessment method is in good agreement with that from extenics theory and RMR theory,which is in accordance with the pratical situation,so the comprehensive assessment model built in this paper is correct.


RATIONALE
Organophosphorus nerve agents still constitute a considerable threat to the health of military personnel and the civilian population. Long-term biomarkers are crucial for reliable verification of exposure to banned substances. Therefore, current research focuses on identification of endogenous protein targets showing covalent modifications by organophosphorus nerve agents (adducts).

METHODS
Purified human serum albumin and human plasma were incubated with the nerve agent VX followed by enzymatic proteolysis with pronase. Resulting peptide cleavage products were separated by microbore liquid chromatography (μLC) online coupled to positive electrospray ionization (ESI) with subsequent high-resolution time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (HR MS/MS) allowing identification of known and novel adducts.

RESULTS
In addition to known phosphonylation of various tyrosine residues, albumin was found to be modified at diverse cysteine residues by covalent attachment of the leaving group of VX. These novel disulfide adducts were cleaved from at least two regions of the intact protein as dipeptides containing cysteine and proline either as CP or PC. A rapid and sensitive method was developed for simultaneous detection of the diverse covalent modifications of human albumin by VX.

CONCLUSIONS
Identification of the novel leaving group adducts with human albumin expands the basic knowledge on molecular toxicology of the nerve agent VX. Furthermore, the presented μLC/ESI HR MS/MS method might be of relevance for verification of VX poisoning. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The safety of high-reliability organizations is a factor resulting from the interaction between technology and organizational factors. The existence of a system to openly report incidents and without being afraid is paramount for safety. Previous research has identified organizational factors that foster or inhibit employees' participation in reporting as well as several organizational dilemmas. From this theoretical approach, this research presents a case study in a Spanish nuclear organization to understand how the event reporting system is perceived by its workers. Researchers carried out focus groups, which were designed to generate discourse around the organization's reporting system. Participants' discourse was analyzed to identify key interpretative repertoires. Results obtained show two main aspects related with the notifying and problem-solution behaviors: 1) the ineludible cultural nature of the reporting system and 2) the misleading relationship between reporting and problem-solving. These findings should be considered in order to manage the safety in risky industry.


Afeni et al. / FUTAJEET 9 (2) (2015) (81-88) 2 It is bounded by Kaduna State in the North West, Bauchi state in the North, Taraba State in the East, Benue State in the South and Nassarawa state in the South-West. 2.0 Method 2.1 Research Design This is the plan or blue point which specifies how data relating to the research were collected and analyzed. It provides the procedural outline for the conduct of the investigation. For the success and convenience of this research, the case study research design was therefore applied. The objective assessment of abandoned mined was done with reference to consolidated Tin mines, Bukuru with a particular emphasis on an ore block ML 16957 Barkin Ladi with a view to providing the necessary framework for the research problem. 2.2 Population Sample and Sampling Techniques The population studied area is an alluvial deposit of Jos, Plateau State. For conveniences a particular mining lease of a company (consolidated Tin mines, Bukuru) was considered. A total number of thirty-two assay values from the mining lease were used. Since the sample values (assay values) can be conveniently handled all the sample values were used to arrive at the tonnage estimation. Random samples were taken for tonnage and grade control. 2.3 Data Collection Techniques A period of two weeks was used at the research site for the purpose of data collection. Hence the major data collection techniques adopted was personal visit, oral interview and internet sourcing. The prospecting plan of the mining lease of the studied mine (ML.16957, B/Ladi) was also collected, as displayed in Figure 2. The abandoned area of the mine was extracted from the prospecting plan of the mining lease. Data such assay values, drill hole depths (32 of them ) were obtained from the prospecting plan for calculations, evaluation and analysis. Figure 1: Map of Plateau State showing the studied area (source: Offiah et al., 2011) Figure 2: Prospecting plan (an Extraction from CTM Prospecting Plan, Ml16957 B/LADI) ; Source: CTM (2005) Afeni et al. / FUTAJEET 9 (2) (2015) (81-88) 83 Afeni et al. / FUTAJEET 9 (2) (2015) (81-88) 83 9 i 2.4 Methods and Data Analysis Techniques where Li = L1 + L2 + L3 , and L1, L2 and L3 are the assay hole The methods used in this work were based on the conventional or classical methods of ore reserve estimation. The basic principles of placer/alluvial sampling and evaluation were used. The reserve estimation methods used here is the triangular and the depths of the apices of the triangular prisms respectively. The reserve ( Qi ) in each triangular prism was determined in Equation 3. Qi = V iGi (3) polygonal methods. The results from the two methods were compared. 2.4.1 The Triangular Method The reserve plan was delineated into various triangular prisms where Gi is average assay value in each triangular prism. The average value, Gi was calculated in two ways: Using the depth of influence to get the weighted average Equation 4 or arithmetic mean of the assay value Equation 5. (as shown in Figure 3) of surface area, Si and thicknesses, Li. The sampling principles were used to assign assay values and hole depths to Gi = å(Ligi) or å Li (4) the tips of the triangles. One of the unique things about this research Just arithmetic mean of the assay value, work is that the assay points were not chosen originally to reflect triangular patterns. Hence, a deliberate attempt was made by carefully Gi = å g i 3 (5) applying alluvial sampling principles in assigning assay values and depths to the tips of the various delineated triangular prisms, that is, the sample hole has influence half way the next hole both in terms of depth and value. The tips of the triangular prisms were assigned the nearest assay hole depths and values. The plan dimensions of the various triangles were measured and converted to the equivalent land dimensions by applying the scale of the plan. The areas of the various triangles were calculated and the volume Vi of each of the triangular where gi is the sum of assay value of the apices of the triangular prisms respectively The reserve in each of the prism is given by Qi = ViGi , kg (6) Total reserve, Q is given Q = Qi , kg (7) prism was found and the average assay valued applied to convert it to Total reserve in metric tons = åQi 1000 (8) tin reserve. Average assay value (grade) was determined using the equation adapted by Afeni (2007) presented in Equation 8. Hero's formula was used to find the area of the triangular prism (Equation 1) Qave = åQi åVi (9) S = [s(s a)(s b)(s c)]1 2 , m2 (1) where s = a + b + c 2 , and a, b, c are the equivalent land distances of each side of the triangular reserve prisms. The volume, V iof prism was determined using Equation 2. 3 2.4.2 Polygonal Method The prospecting plan was split into different shapes (rectangles trapeziums, and triangles) as shown in Figure 4. The plan dimensions of the various shapes were measured and the equivalent land dimensions were obtained by applying the scale of the plan. The Vi = SiLi 3 , m (2) area and volume of each shape were found. The following major steps were then taken. 9 16 7 15 14 13 12 8 4 WORKED OUT WORKED OUT 7 11 8 9 6 WORKED OUT 3 10 1 4 2 5 3 6 WORKED OUT 1 2 5 Fig. 3: Ore block divided into different triangle method Fig. 4: Ore block divided into different shapes for Polygonal Method Afeni et al. / FUTAJEET 9 (2) (2015) (81-88) 84 Afeni et al. / FUTAJEET 9 (2) (2015) (81-88) 84 The volume and average assay value of each shape were found to be Vi and Girespectively. Ore content in each delineated prism, qi =,Vi ́ Gi kg (10) Total reserve, Q = ∑ qi, kg (11) Tonnage = Q/1000, metric ton (12) 2.5 Dealing with Erratic High Values. There are different methods of dealing with erratic high values in an alluvial sampling, but the method used here is the averaging method. The high values are combined with the low values (usually the nil values) around them and the average taken. Total volume, V = ∑ V 3 i, m (13) Average value = totalreserve(kg ) toralvolume(m3 ) = åQi åVi in Kg /m3 3.0 Results Table 1: Assay value and depth from the prospecting plan S/N (ft) Depth (m) (lb/cu.yd) Value (kg/m3) Depth x Value (ft.lb/cu.yd) (kg/m2) 1 68.00 20.73 0.24 0.14 16.32 2.90 2 69.00 21.03 0.21 0.12 14.49 2.52 3 69.00 21.03 0.75 0.44 51.75 9.25 4 69.00 21.03 0.32 0.19 22,08 4.00 5 67.00 20.42 0.40 0.24 26.80 4.90 6 67.00 20.42 0.19 0.11 12.73 2.25 7 68.00 20.73 0.41 0.24 27.88 4.98 8 66.00 20.12 0.44 0.26 29.04 5.23 9 62.00 18.90 0.12 0.07 7.44 1.32 10 66.00 20.12 0.79 0.47 52.14 9.46 11 62.00 18.90 0.74 0.44 45.88 8.32 12 61.00 18.59 0.18 0.11 10.98 2.04 13 58.00 17.68 0.69 0.18 17.98 3.18 14 64.00 19.51 0.61 0.41 44.16 8.00 15 62.00 18.90 1.03 0.61 63.86 11.53 16 61.00 18.50 0.18 0.11 10.98 2.04 17 57.00 17.37 0.37 0.22 21.09 3.82 18 57.00 17.37 0.60 0.36 34.20 6.25 19 60.00 18.29 20 57.00 17.37 21 56.00 17.07 0.21 0.12 11.76 2.05 22 56.00 17.07 0.67 0.40 37.52 6.83 23 60.00 18.29 0.44 0.26 26.40 4.76 24 53.00 16.15 2.59 1.54 137.27 24.78 25 38.00 11.58 26 43.00 13.11 0.45 0.27 19.35 3.54 27 41.00 12.50 0.71 0.42 29.11 5.25 28 43.00 13.11 1.17 0.69 50.31 9.05 29 41.00 12.50 1.15 0.68 47.15 8.50 30 42.00 12.80 0.12 0.07 5,04 0.90 31. 42.00 12.80 0.17 0.10 7.14 1.28 32. 42.00 12.80 1.12 0.66 47.04 8.45 ∑ 1827 556.79 927.89 167.47 Afeni et al. / FUTAJEET 9 (2) (2015) (81-88) 85 Afeni et al. / FUTAJEET 9 (2) (2015) (81-88) 85 Table 2: Area of the various triangles from the triangular method. Plan Dimension, cm Equivalent land distance, m S (m) A (m2) S/No A B C A B C 1 3.00 2.20 2.3 75.00 55.00 57.50 93.75 1571.36 2 2.00 2.20 3.0 50.00 55.00 75.00 90.0


The study aimed to acquire the high efficiency fungicides of corn stalk rot. The inhibitory activities of20 fungicides on Pythium inflatum and Fusarium graminearum were tested in the mycelium growth rate method.The propineb,metalaxyl-mancozeb,dimethomorph and fluopicolide had high toxicity to Pythium inflatum and the EC50 was 0. 40 μg / m L,0. 47 μg / m L,0. 61 μg / m L and 2. 64 μg / m L,respectively. Fusarium graminearum had high sensitivity to fludioxonil,tebuconazole and carbendazim,and the EC50 was 0. 06 μg / m L,0. 32 μg / m L and 0. 85 μg / m L,respectively. However,the inhibitory activity of difenoconazole and myclobutanil to Fusarium graminearum was lower than the above three fungicides,and the EC50 was 1. 71 μg / m L and 1. 80 μg / m L. The field experiments can be conducted on the 9 fungicides that had high antimicrobial activity to the tested pathogens. Furthermore,in order to control the corn stalk rot effectively,the high efficiency mixtures that could eliminate the disease would be prepared for single infection or mixed infection of Pythium inflatum and Fusarium graminearum.


Objective The aim of the study was to apply an evidence-based pharmacotherapy on different groups of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) patients monitored by electroencephalogram (EEG) before and after 6 months of treatment and to estimate the prevalence of ADHD in a sample of Egyptian governorates (Kafr El Sheik and Menoufia neuropsychiatric clinics). It also aimed to detect the neurobiological basis of ADHD children using EEG. Background ADHD is one of the most commonly diagnosed and treated psychiatric disorders in childhood. Patients and method A randomized, clinical trial was conducted on 30 children attending our neuropsychiatric outpatient clinic, screened from 255 children diagnostic through Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th ed. and Kiddie-Schedule For Affective Disorders And Schizophrenia-Present And Lifetime Version. Psychiatry, Mental Health, (KSADS-PL) scale screening. Then the patients were divided into two equal groups. The first group received the drug Strattera (Eli Lilly Company) at a dose of (0.5: 1.2 mg/kg/day) only. The second group received Concerta (Alza Corporation) at a dose of (18 mg/day). Another 30 children are randomly allocated to control groups (30 children in each). Full history taking and complete clinical examination were done. KSADS-PL rating scale was assessed at baseline and then 6 months after treatment. EEG monitoring of children before and after treatment. Results In this study we found that the score of the KSADS-PL rating scale was significantly decreased in ADHD patients after treatment in both pharmacotherapy groups. In addition, there was no significant difference in EEG between both ADHD children before and after treatment. Conclusion Pharmacotherapy using drugs as concerta and stratera has beneficial effects in reducing ADHD symptom severity


Abstract: The background of the problems in this study is the lack of student motivation. This study aims to determine the application of cooperative learning techniques clatter of studs in improving students' motivation on the subjects of economy class VIII MTs Al-Manar Pujud Rokan HilirThis research is a classroom action research (PTK) is conducted in two cycles. Each cycle consists of two meetings. The subjects in this study the number of eighth grade students with 26 students. To be successful classroom action research. The researchers set the stage that action planning, action, observation and reflection. The instrument pengumupulan observation sheet data that teacher and student activity observation sheet motivation to learn. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the adoption of cooperative learning techniques clatter of studs can increase students' motivation on the subjects of economy based on indicators of student motivation. The average percentage of student motivation at the first meeting reached 55.77% with unfavorable category, and then increased in the second meeting of the first cycle with an average score of 67.31% with enough category. While on the second cycle, the students' motivation has increased to 74.36% with enough categories and the second meeting reached 83.33% in both categories. Key Words: The implementation of cooperative learning model clattering studs tecniques to improve students' motivation.


Three bridging methylene metal dimers: rran.r-(jr-CH2 )[MnCp(CO)2 ]2 . cri-(p -C H 2 )(|i-CO)[FeCp(CO)|2 , and /ra /u -(p -C H 2 )[CoCp(CO)]2 , have been studied by multinuclear magnetic resonance methods. The solid-state deuterium NMR results arc interpreted using a model that yields the charge resident on the methylene carbon atom; charge on carbon is most negative for the cobalt dimer and proceeds in the order: Fe<Mn<Co. The NMR chemical shifts and the nuclear spin-spin coupling constant, ^ l j ^ 1 3 c 816 interpreted in terms of bonding about the methylene carbon site. The NMR chemical shifts for the methylene carbon are quite different from those for aliphatic methylene units; an attempt to correlate the ^max of the lower-energy UV/vis absorptions with the NMR chemical shifts for the three metal dimers failed Based on the values o f * t he hybridization about each carbon center is approximately comparable to that in aliphatic carbon centers; interestingly, the methylene carbon site in cir-(ji-C H 2 )(p-CO)[FeCp(CO)J2 has two different values o f 1J 1 j-j—13^ suggesting slightly different C -H bonds. This work suggests that for the study of organic moieties adsorbed on metal surfaces, deuterium quadrupole coupling constants and l j j 1 3 c ma^ l^e most useful parameters for studying some aspects of the electronic structure. *T o whom correspondence should be addressed.


e12517 Background: Certain Human Papilloma Viruses (HPVs) have been implicated in causing cancer of the cervix, penis, anus, vagina, vulva, and oropharynx. Other HPV types can cause non-cancerous t...


22 Filed: Dec. 31, 1997 A method for the administration of glutathione orally com 7 prising the administration of a bolus of glutathione which is 51 Int. Cl. .............................. A61K 9/48; A61K 38/06 harmaceuticallv Stabilized and encapsulated. The glu 52 U.S. CI 424/456; 424/451; 424/452; y p 9. tathione is administered on an empty Stomach. The preferred 424/484; 514/18; 514/474; 514/824; 514/851; Stabilizer is ascorbic acid. 514/866; 514/879; 514/894; 514/912; 514/913; 514/931; 514/934; 514/970 59 Claims, 2 Drawing Sheets


The goal of this paper is to address automatic control challenges within drilling for the oil and gas industry. The potential for automatic control is great for the drilling industry. Heavy machinery is used to handle pipes and other equipment topside and in and out of the hole. These machines can be controlled remotely with a joystick. Very advanced tools are being used downhole several km away from the rig and these are often controlled remotely. Mud pulse telemetry with low bandwidth is used to communicate with downhole equipment. Drilling involves certain risks and mistakes may have disastrous consequences both for people and economically, e.g. a blow-out. Safety is therefore always the most important issue, and new solutions must be robust and fault tolerant. Extensive testing is required before being used in an actual drilling operation. Managed pressure drilling is a relative new method for drilling challenging wells with narrow margins requiring precise pressure control. Nonlinear model based control solutions and observers have been developed for this technology. This is addressed in this paper together with experimental results. In addition an overview of some other interesting challenges is given.


This paper presents a dual-mode DC-DC buck converter with on-chip multiplier capacitor-based compensation scheme for portable applications. The proposed converter consists of a power stage and an monolithic CCM/CDM controller that operates with a high clock frequency of 1 MHz. A dual modulation technique is utilized to improve the power conversion efficiency over a wide range of load conditions. In order to reduce chip area the controller, external capacitors are replaced with the on-chip multiplier capacitor-based compensation scheme. Additionally, protection blocks such as over voltage protection (OVP), under voltage lock-out (UVLO) and thermal shutdown (TSD) block are also integrated on the chip. The proposed buck converter was designed and implemented using a 0.18 um CMOS process. The measured results of the fabricated circuit showed a peak efficiency of 94.8%, a ripple voltage of 13.29 mV ripple and an 1.8 V output voltage with a supply voltage ranging from 2.7 to 3.3 V.


The present invention, binding members that neutralize the biological effects of human cytomegalovirus (hCMV), especially regarding the antibody molecule. Binding members are useful for the treatment and prevention of hCMV infection.


The question if antitrust policy should protect new entrants is related to the schism between "protection of competition" and "protection of competitors" in Article 102 TFEU. As it was not always…


This study is about the quality satisfaction in service industries, especially in courier
services. This study involved the em ployees as the respondents toward the internal
custom ersatisfaction related to em ployee's perception and expectation as are two things
thatare different. The objective of this research is to identify the em ployee's satisfaction
about the requirem ent or facilities given. The assum ption standpoint as the hypothesis
developed is w hether the em ployees are satisfied w ith their working environm ent will
lead them to give a good service to the custom ers.
In order to know the levelofsatisfaction based on the requirem entprovided,survey and
questionnaire were constructed and distributed to them .The analysis of the data using the
SPSS software helps to characterize the attributes ofpresence satisfaction figure versus
the dem ographic information. Based on the data or analysis, the conclusion m ade is on
whether the em ployees are satisfied ornotwith the requirem ents provided.The tools used
are K ano M ethod, Herzberg's Theory and QFD. Kano M ethod used is to construct the
em ployee needs and expectations from the requirem ent related to quality attributes,while
Herzberg theory is used to understand the em ployee attitudes and motivation. H ence, to
determine which factors that caused of their satisfaction or dissatisfaction in their
working life, the functional deploym ent of satisfaction for improvem ent presence is
constructed in thematrix need to map the improvem ents required.


This paper analyses and summarizes the general requirement to simulate the attitude control components,designs and realizes a reconfigurable simulation and testing system for satellite attitude control,which use CPCI bus and based on layered modularization.The system completes two distinct types of satellite attitude control simulate and test task.Simulational experiment results show that the system has flexible application,it is general and expansive.


Reliability theory used in geotechnical engineering is up to the objective reality.Under the multiple failure modes,Uni.-Modal bounds are given in this paper.Some valuable results are concluded.


OBJECTIVE To compare the dissolution of amlodipine besylate tablets from 3 Manufacturers.METHODS The content of amlodipine besylate was determined by HPLC with the detection wavelenghth at 236 nm.With a paddle rotated at 100 and 50 r·min-1,the accumulated release percentage was calculated,and the dissolution parameters(m,td,t50) was compared. RESULTS The accumulative release percentage of amlodipine besylate tablets from 3 manufacturers at 30 min was over 95% and 85% when the paddle rotated at 100 r·min-1,and 50 r·min-1,respectively.CONCLUSION Amlodipine besylate tablets from 3 manufacturers are within the quality standards,but there is quality difference among them.


This thesis is concerned with a new type of approximation algorithm for the fundamental problems of partitioning a graph and identifying its dense subgraphs. We develop local approximation algorithms for these two key problems, which search for a small set of vertices near a specified seed vertex, have a running time that is independent of the size of the graph, and for which we can prove a local approximation guarantee.
In the first part, we develop a local algorithm for graph partitioning that finds a cut with small conductance near a specified seed vertex, and has a running time that is nearly linear in the number of vertices in the small side of the cut. Within any cut S with conductance Φ, we prove there are a significant number of starting vertices for which the algorithm produces a cut with conductance O( F log n). By combining many small cuts found by this algorithm we can find a balanced cut quickly, producing in time O (m log3 m/Φ) a cut with conductance O( F log n) that is nearly as large as any cut with conductance Φ, where m is the number of edges in the graph. The local algorithm finds its cut by computing a variation of PageRank with a specified starting vertex, and ordering the vertices of the graph according to that ranking.
In the second part, we develop a local algorithm for finding dense subgraphs of bipartite graphs. This algorithm takes as input a bipartite graph with a specified seed vertex, and attempts to find a subgraph near the seed vertex that is dense according to the definition proposed by Kannan and Vinay. For any subgraph S with k vertices and density t, there are a significant number of starting vertices within S for which the algorithm produces a subgraph with density Ω(t/log Δ), where Δ is the maximum degree in the graph. This local algorithm finds a dense subgraph by computing a sequence of vectors, which are similar to the vectors produced by the power method for computing the largest eigenvector of A, but which are pruned at each step to keep their support small.


We are in the era of the fourth industrial revolution. Which highlights adaptability, monitoring, digitisation and efficiency in manufacturing as a result of the design of new smart mechanical systems. A central role in Industry 4.0 is played by maintenance and, within this framework, we define and review condition-based predictive maintenance. Thereafter, we propose a new class of smart mechanical systems that self-optimise utilising both condition-based maintenance and dynamic system modification. Akin to smart structures, smart mechanical systems will recognise and predict faults or malfunctions and, subsequently, self-optimise to restore desirable system behaviour. Potential benefits include increased reliability and efficiency while reducing cost without the requirement of highly skilled technicians. Thus, small and medium-sized enterprises are a specific target of such technology due to their increasing level of automatisation within Industry 4.0.


A glass compositional area has been defined in the system CuO-PbO-Bi{sub 2}O{sub 3}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}-SiO{sub 2} with thermal expansion coefficients of about 82--84 {times} 10{sup {minus}7}/{degree}C and refractive indices at 1.06 micron of about 1.93. Absorption coefficients are adjustable with CuO levels. These properties are required for a cladding glass for the edges of GSGG crystal slabs. Experiments with GSGG disks of 6 and 14 mm dia. have resulted in coatings of strong adhesion with glass crystal interfaces which are free of bubbles or devitrification. 4 refs., 11 figs., 14 tabs.


For this work is to develop guidelines for the Implementation Plan for the Construction of vehicular bridge in the city of Sasaima, Cundinamarca, where is to establish the procedures and tools for pre-contractual, contractual and settlement stages of the project and the tools for monitoring and control to be used in different processes.


Correspondence to Ha Young Oh, M.D. Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chaum Health Care Center, CHA University School of Medicine, 442 Dosan-daero, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06062, Korea Tel: ++82-2-3015-5001, Fax: +82-2-3015-5100, E-mail: email@example.com Copyrightc 2020 The Korean Association of Internal Medicine This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 내시경으로 진단 및 치료한 대장 평활근종


The relationship among various malignant epithelial tumors of the larynx, with or without their respective lymph node and visceral metastases, is discussed. The tumors considered include squamous cell carcinoma, verrucous squamous cell carcinoma, spindle cell squamous carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, atypical carcinoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, and primary malignant melanoma. Other, rarer, malignant epithelial neoplasms of the larynx are only mentioned. The choice of therapy should be determined by tumor stage, oncotype, and patient status.


We use a disordered antiferromagnetic spin-1/2 chain with anisotropic exchange coupling to model an array of interacting qubits. All qubits have the same level spacing, except two, which are called the defects of the chain. The level spacings of the defects are equal and much larger than all the others. We investigate how the entanglement between the two defects depends on the anisotropy of the system. When the anisotropy coupling is much larger than the energy difference between a defect and an ordinary qubit, the two defects become strongly entangled. Small anisotropies, on the contrary, may decrease the entanglement, which is, in this case, also much affected by the number of excitations. The analysis is made for nearest-neighbor and next-nearest-neighbor defects. The decrease in the entanglement for nearest neighbor defects is not very significant, especially in large chains.


[Mo(O)(O2)2(H2O)(hmpa)]1 catalyses the oxidation of primary aromatic amines to the corresponding nitroso derivatives, in the presence of H2O2 as oxidant.


Introduction This paper discusses validation of an evaluation process in building design. We claim that it both matches designers' cognitive activities and is implementable as software that partially automates the process. The working SME system provides evidence for the latter claim. An example of the Cyclotron Suite shows that the software can automatically create a product model of a building as the result of performing design activities including evaluation. This paper presents methods that we used to provide evidence that the software and the design theories that it embodies are usable by other designers. We developed and used the Charrette Test Method for testing the effectiveness of computing methods. We report on its use to develop evidence for the general suitability of SME and its effectiveness in aiding the design evaluation process. The experiment compares a manual process of solving a design evaluation problem to a partially automated process using the SME prototype. The basic issue that we address in the Charrette Test Method is how to determine whether a process performed using one set of tools is superior to a process performed using another set of tools. We will use the term " effectiveness " to refer to the changes in speed and quality of processes that are assisted by software. A key aspect of testing new software is to realize that the new software requires " re-engineering " of an existing process. The new software (other than games) is intended to accomplish a task using an improved process. The new process must be more effective than other processes, whether they are other computer-aided processes or conventional manual processes. When one of the processes is aided by software, one might refer to this as an issue of " software productivity. " However, the term " software productivity " has come to mean the productivity of software development teams. Judging the merits of a new process, especially when the process is only implemented to the point of a research prototype, is a difficult task. The charrette method used as a comparative empirical experiment is unusual and possibly unique in the fields of design methodology and product modeling in the AEC industry. We used the Charrette Test Method to test the SME software. It provides empirical evidence confirming some theoretical benefits of the Virtual Product Model and integrated computer-based product models in general. At a more abstract level, investigators can use …


Auto pillar cover element and method for manufacturing. Pillar cover element for motor vehicles, comprising an outer part (1) and a structure absorbing impact comprising a plurality of impact absorption (2) each comprising three partitions (2A, 2B, 2C) joined together on one side, so that partitions form angles with each other (\ alpha, \ beta, \ theta) of, for example, 120 °. The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing the pillar cover element.


Nonlinear differential game (DG) is investigated; relaxations of the game problem of guidance are investigated also. The variant of the program iterations method realized in the space of position functions and delivering in limit the value function of the minimax-maximin DG for special functionals of a trajectory is considered. For every game position, this limit function realizes the least size of the target set neighborhood for which, under proportional weakening of phase constraints, the player interested in a guidance yet guarantees its realization. Properties of above-mentioned functionals and limit function are investigated. In particular, sufficient conditions for realization of values of given function under fulfilment of finite iteration number are obtained.


Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have become an essential and important supporting technology for smart Internet-of-Things (IoT) systems. Due to the high computational costs of large-scale DNNs, it might be infeasible to directly deploy them in energy-constrained IoT devices. Through offloading computation-intensive tasks to the cloud or edges, the computation offloading technology offers a feasible solution to execute DNNs. However, energy-efficient offloading for DNN based smart IoT systems with deadline constraints in the cloud-edge environments is still an open challenge. To address this challenge, we first design a new system energy consumption model, which takes into account the runtime, switching, and computing energy consumption of all participating servers (from both the cloud and edge) and IoT devices. Next, a novel energy-efficient offloading strategy based on a Self-adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm using the Genetic Algorithm operators (SPSO-GA) is proposed. This new strategy can efficiently make offloading decisions for DNN layers with layer partition operations, which can lessen the encoding dimension and improve the execution time of SPSO-GA. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed strategy can significantly reduce energy consumption compared to other classic methods.


Background  Prolonged follow‐up data on topical photodynamic therapy (PDT) in basal cell carcinoma (BCC) are necessary for a full evaluation of its effect and for comparison with conventional treatment methods.


Clinical pastoral education (CPE) is a form of professional education for lay people, seminarians, and religious leaders that involves theological reflection on human experience, particularly on the pastoral encounter in the clinical setting. Insights from the behavior sciences are also incorporated into the learning perspective. Through the action-reflection, learning-by-doing model utilized in a supervised peer group, students develop pastoral identity, achieve competence in pastoral functioning, and learn how to collaborate with peers and other professionals. The primary instructors of this "hands on experience" of ministry are "living human documents," understood both as the persons receiving care and as the care providers (Boisen 1936: 185). Three associations in the United States that offer CPE in accredited programs are the National Association of Catholic Chaplains (NACC), founded in 1965, the Association of Clinical Pastoral Education (ACPE), established in 1967, and the College of Pastoral Supervision and Psychotherapy (CPSP), started in 1990. All three of these associations have developed Standards, objectives and outcomes for the education of chaplains and CPE supervisors. The CPSP also includes programs in Pastoral Psychotherapy and Pastoral Counseling.

Keywords:

CPE;
reflection;
human experience;
pastoral identity;
pastoral functioning


In many countries there is a shortage of quality teachers in areas of science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM). Additional to the low levels of recruitment is an extraordinary high attrition rate with some 50% of beginning teachers leaving the profession within five years. One solution implemented in several countries has been to encourage mid-career professionals in the area of STEM to become school teachers. These professionals are said to bring to teaching enthusiasm, knowledge and a passion for their subject which will impact engagement and learning by students. However, these career-changers have constructed professional identities and are accustomed to working within a culture of collaboration and inquiry. In contrast, school cultures are quite different and often teaching is a lonely solitary affair with little opportunity for collegial relationships aimed at knowledge building in the context of teaching. Crossing from a culture of STEM to a culture of schools and teaching can be challenging. This study was conducted with 13 teachers who were followed for three years. However, this paper reports on the experiences of one teacher with an engineering background crossing the boundaries from practising STEM to Teaching STEM.


One of the important issues of Russian vocalism is the history of the sound [ě], since its presence or absence determines the system of vowel phonemes of a dialect. In the church manuscripts of the 15th century the letter Ѣ is traditionally preserved. In the chronicles and hagiographies, though, the numerous examples of the letter Е instead of Ѣ show that the pronunciation of Ѣ started to coincide with the sound [э].


A design theory is presented to apply inductively coupled superconducting striplines to microwave filters, in which the coupled stripline system is considered as four-port circuitry. By obtaining eigenvalues for impedance, admittance, and scattering matrices, the authors obtained general formulas for designing bandpass filters. The microwave filters using this coupling scheme are simple in design and have advantages of external-modulation capability. Experiments to demonstrate the validity of this coupling scheme have been performed in the frequency range between DC and 300 GHz by investigating the coupling between a Josephson oscillator and an external stripline.<<ETX>>


SUMMARY An FPGA plays an essential role in industrial products due to its fast, stable and flexible features. But the power consumption of FPGAs used in portable devices is one of critical issues. Top-down hierar- chical design method is commonly used in both ASIC and FPGA design. But, in the case where plural modules are integrated in an FPGA and some of them might be in sleep-mode, current FPGA architecture cannot be fully e ff ective. In this paper, coarse-grained power gating FPGA architecture is proposed where a whole area of an FPGA is partitioned into several regions and power supply is controlled for each region, so that modules in sleep mode can be e ff ectively power-o ff . We also propose a region oriented FPGA placement algorithm fitted to this user's hierarchical design based on VPR[1]. Simulation results show that this proposed method could reduce power consumption of FPGA by 38% on average by setting unused modules or regions in sleep mode.


Objective: Monocytes and tissue macrophages are a major source of cytokines which play an important role in inflammation. The cytokines interleukin-1β, tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 appear to be involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Therefore, we investigated the effects of agents of proven efficacy in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (prednisolone, sulphasalazine and 5-aminosalicylic acid) on cytokine release from normal human monocytes stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. Results: At therapeutic concentrations, prednisolone inhibited, in a dose-dependent manner, the generation of interleukin-1β, tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6


Researchers do not study yet the relationship between the E-Business and IT Governance. In this paper, we intend a theoretical framework in order to link the E-business seen as paradigm to the emer ...


Objective To investigate the effects of Fructus lycii on the in-vitro growth of cervical cancer Hela cells.Method Hela cells were treated with different concentrations of the decoction of Fructus lycii,and its effects on the adhesion and migration ability of Hela cells were determined by the cell-matrix adhesion assay and wound healing.The cell proliferation assay and Flow Cytometer were used to detect the inhibitory effects and the change of growing cycle.Result Compared with control groups,the adhesive ratio of Hela cells treated with 5.0mg/mL Fructus lycii reduced(P0.01)and the migration ability of Hela cells became weaker(P0.01).The cell proliferation assay showed that Fructus lycii inhibited the growth of Hela cells effectively and the inhibited radio reached up to 84.88%(P0.01),and the inhibit function of Fructus lycii to Hela cells showed an obvious relationships of time-effectiveness and does-effectiveness.The result of flow cytometry showed that Fructus Lycii could block the cell cycle at S phase.Conclusion Fructus lycii could inhibit the ability of adhesion,migration and proliferation of Hela cells,and it also changed the cycle of the Hela cells.


This paper investigates the use of typological knowledge in the visual modality through a computer framework that combines multidisciplinary technologies from computer science, that is, artificial intelligence, software engineering, database system, and programming language, to help provide solutions and services to building designers. The solving of design problems frequently involves visual thinking, which has to do with the intensive use of visual knowledge like pictures, images, and other types of visual displays. The recognized power of typological knowledge in design problem solving is applied to support the exploration of a diversity of possible design solutions represented in a pictorial mode. The innovative use of computer science technologies enables a smooth link of visual typological knowledge with the design goals. Within the framework, a core technology was designed to respond to a designer's specific needs through dynamic user viewpoint generation, so that design solutions are associated with relevant (retrieved) visual typologies from the knowledge base. This has been achieved in a two-way process, in which the designer establishes an interactive dialogue with an experimental computerized framework.


INTRODUCTION: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is used to treat patients with refractory circulatory or respiratory failure as a bridge to recovery, long-term support device (e.g., ventricular assist device), or transplant. Patients on ECMO commonly receive large doses of analgesia and sedation, and prior in vitro studies have been equivocal when evaluating the effect of ECMO therapy on blood concentrations of these medications. Because dose escalations may result in excessive drug exposure, over-sedation, and drug side effects, we seek to quantify the impact of ECMO initiation on plasma concentrations of fentanyl. METHODS: This is preliminary data from a single-center, prospective trial of patients treated with ECMO to evaluate the effects of ECMO therapy on systemic fentanyl levels. Patients ≥ 18 years of age who were cannulated for ECMO and already receiving a continuous fentanyl infusion were considered for enrollment, while patients younger than 18 years of age, pregnant, and/or cannulated at another hospital prior to arrival at our institution were excluded. Whole blood samples were collected within 30 minutes of ECMO cannulation, at the time of initiating ECMO flow, and after initiating flow at 15-, 30-, and 60-minutes. RESULTS: Three patients (two male, one female) were included in this preliminary sample, and all were placed on VV-ECMO for refractory respiratory failure due to COVID-19 pneumonia. Mean fentanyl concentrations were reduced by 13% after 30 minutes and 5% after 60 minutes. However, one of the three patients received a bolus dose of fentanyl during the study period. When assessing fentanyl concentrations from the two patients not receiving an additional fentanyl bolus, mean fentanyl concentrations were reduced by 18% after 30 minutes and 19% after 60 minutes. CONCLUSIONS: In this preliminary data from three patients treated with ECMO for refractory respiratory failure, systemic fentanyl concentrations were reduced after 30- and 60-minutes. While this data is limited to three patients and a greater number of patients are needed to ascertain statistical significance, these data may provide quantitative evidence to support why patients on ECMO require increased doses of fentanyl to maintain adequate analgesia. This study is currently ongoing and enrolling additional patients.


Abstract Many empirical studies find that the distribution of stock returns departs from normality. In such cases, it is desirable to employ a statistical estimation procedure that may be more efficient than ordinary least squares. This paper describes various robust methods, which have attracted increasing attention in the statistical literature, in the context of estimating beta risk. The empirical analysis documents the potential efficiency gains from using robust methods as an alternative to ordinary least squares, based on both simulated and actual returns data.


The Internet is a global network system that is interconnected with millions of computers. The Internet have an extensive range of information resources to communicate with worldwide. This paper contains security and privacy challenges and future vision of Internet on Technologies. The vision of the Internet of that individual object of day today life,such as cars, roadways, refrigerators that can equipped with sensor and which can useful to track information from the device. The Implementation of IOT that require some specifications that are communication like WIFI, NFC, RFID, Hardware, Software, Protocols, and Cloud platform to communicate easily. some of these aspect are discussed in this paper.


An image restoration model that performs piecewise-constant restorations on images corrupted with very high noise levels is presented. The model uses a sigmoid nonlinearity at each pixel site to produce a restoration with sharp boundaries without using an explicit line process. The restoration is produced efficiently using a stochastic search procedure at constant temperature that typically requires less than 50 iterations. The model is able to restore images with up to 70% of the pixels corrupted with noise. The model is massively parallel with local neighbor interactions (four nearest neighbors), and it can be implemented on a large parallel computer or a VLSI chip


An operator C on a Hilbert space H dilates to an operator T on a Hilbert space K if there is an isometry V from H to K such that C=V^*TV. A main result of this paper is, for a positive integer d, the simultaneous dilation, up to a sharp factor $\vartheta(d)$, of all d-by-d symmetric matrices of operator norm at most one to a collection of commuting self-adjoint contraction operators on a Hilbert space. An analytic formula for $\vartheta(d)$ is derived, which as a by-product gives new probabilistic results for the binomial and beta distributions.
Dilating to commuting operators has consequences for the theory of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Given a tuple A=(A_1,...,A_g) of symmetric matrices of the same size, L(x):=I-\sum A_j x_j is a monic linear pencil. The solution set S_L of the corresponding linear matrix inequality, consisting of those x in R^g for which L(x) is positive semidefinite (PsD), is a spectrahedron. The set D_L of tuples X=(X_1,...,X_g) of symmetric matrices (of the same size) for which L(X):=I-\sum A_j \otimes X_j is PsD, is a free spectrahedron. A result here is: any tuple X of d-by-d symmetric matrices in a bounded free spectrahedron D_L dilates, up to a scale factor, to a tuple T of commuting self-adjoint operators with joint spectrum in the corresponding spectrahedron S_L. From another viewpoint, the scale factor measures the extent that a positive map can fail to be completely positive.
Given another monic linear pencil M, the inclusion D_L \subset D_M obviously implies the inclusion S_L \subset S_M and thus can be thought of as its free relaxation. Determining if one free spectrahedron contains another can be done by solving an explicit LMI and is thus computationally tractable. The scale factor for commutative dilation of D_L gives a precise measure of the worst case error inherent in the free relaxation, over all monic linear pencils M of size d.


Puerto Ricans' migration into the United States has been of interest to the American public, politicians and intellectuals. What seemingly has been overlooked or overemphasized by these groups is the fact that unlike most immigrants, Puerto Ricans have US citizenship. For more than 400 years, Puerto Rico has been a colony and its people have been colonial subjects – first, under Spain, and later under the United States. When the United States became involved in the Spanish–American War of 1898, high hopes arose among various sectors of the Puerto Rican society. For many Puerto Ricans among both the working class and the elite, the United States was a model of economic progress and liberty. Immediately after the War ended, Puerto Rico became a possession of the United States. Issues of citizenship and class between a Hispanic-Roman Catholic culture versus an Anglo-Saxon Protestant ruling culture were broadly discussed among Puerto Ricans. The question of citizenship and the idea of annexing the island to the Union became headlines in the American press and a topic of ongoing debate for political leaders. Due to legal and constitutional arguments in the US Congress, American citizenship was not conferred on Puerto Ricans until 1917 – indeed, a timely correlation to the US participation in WWI. Although granted citizenship, Puerto Rican migrants had great difficulty settling into areas where they were recruited to work, such as New York City. In her book, Puerto Rican Citizen, Historian Lorrin Thomas embarks on an odyssey spanning from 1917 to 1970, that combines archival research and a critical narrative approach, to tell the story of the members of the Puerto Rican community who became key players in New York City. The book's six main chapters are richly complemented with detailed endnotes. Each chapter evolves employing specific themes and chronological events in an interrelated manner. The author's anecdotic approach allowed the individuals to tell their own story in their own voice; while the newspaper headlines frame the sociopolitical setting of the specific argument that the author Thomas seeks to convey. I find her methodology very appealing because it does not overwhelm the reader with data or dates. The first chapter outlines the anatomy of New York City in the 1920s, which was


With the mandate granted by its Member Countries, the OIE has taken a global leadership role in setting global animal welfare standards and has made an impressive number of achievements. In addressing the theme of animal welfare, the OIE built upon its existing standard setting framework with the establishment of a permanent Animal Welfare Working Group (70th OIE General Session, 2002). This provided a forum for interested industry and NGO sectors to sit 'around the table' with representatives of the scientific community, academia and the official veterinary services. Based on recommendations from the Working Group to the elected Terrestrial Animal Health Standards Commission and with the consensual support of OIE Member Countries, the first standards on animal welfare were adopted in the Terrestrial Animal Health Code (the Terrestrial Code) in 2004. The guiding principles state that animal health is a fundamental component of animal welfare'. Consistent with this fact, the Terrestrial Code also contains much information that is of general relevance to animal welfare, including, for example, recommendations on the quality of Veterinary Services and on disease prevention and control. The 22 nd edition of the Terrestrial Code (2013) contains general principles and specific recommendations on animal welfare, covering key topics relevant to the systems of livestock production, stray dogs, and animals used in research and education. The 16 th edition (2013) of the Aquatic Animal Health Code (Aquatic Code) contains general principles and specific recommendations on the welfare of farmed fish. All OIE standards are regularly updated to take account of latest scientific findings. The multilateral trade policy framework, for the purposes of this paper, comprises the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and the World Trade Organization Agreements, specifically the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS Agreement) and the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (the TBT Agreement). These Agreements establish disciplines that must be respected by WTO Members when imposing measures on international trade in animals and animal products. This paper discusses the relevance and implications of the OIE animal welfare standards in the context of the multilateral and bilateral trade policy framework.


Objective: To study the role of fiberoptic bronchoscopy for placing and monitoring right sided DLTs after blind intubation and after positioning the patient. Methods: Forty patients having thoracic surgery requiring right DLT insertion were prospectively studied. Bronchoscopy was performed by a different anesthesiologist after intubation and conventional clinical verification of correct placement and after positioning for thoracotomy. Results: 8 patients can not separate the lung by conventional clinical methods time after time, so was placed by fiberoptic. in patients in whom placement was judged correct by clinical assessment, malpositioning was detected by bronchoscopy in 29 cases, 24 of which were critical. After patient positioning, DLTs was found to be displaced in 14 cases, 8 of which were critical. Proximal malpositions were frequent than distal. Conclusion: After blind intubation and positioning, most of DLTs required repositioning. Routine bronchoscopy is necessary after intubation and after patient positioning with the use of right double-lumen tubes.


Typically, Doherty test fixtures are inflexible with regard to combiner positioning. The generic Doherty development fixture shown here can quickly provide the designer with the final circuit requirements for multiple devices. The dynamic Doherty combiner enables this flexibility by using the 50-Omega line as part of the output transformation. An easy-to-implement 50-Omega line and a shunt cap provides the transformation required from the Doherty inverter to the amplifier output. Final circuit configurations can revert to the traditional lambda/4 transform once the phase length "Oslash" is identified. Flexible Doherty development circuits will assist in minimizing the fixtures required for development efforts. This Doherty development process is easy and straightforward to implement, and results can be obtained quickly. Simulation methods and models will continue to be used to create the 50-Omega tuning structures and optimize the design of Doherty circuits. However, this practical design approach can be applied for each circuit that needs to be designed, and good results will be obtained.


Gerhard et al. reveal the conservation of human tumor-infiltrating dendritic cell states via meta-analysis of scRNA-seq datasets. They further explore dendritic cell state conservation in mice and the origins, behavior, and functions of these cells.


Analyzes the treatment that five European newspapers carried the intermediterraneos issues. The article, framed in the research project "The social construction of inter-Mediterranean space and their correlations in the thematic agenda of the media. The information in the press


This essay utilizes the work of British cultural historian E.P. Thompson and German sociologist Max Weber to unpack the "moral economy" of superheroism and, by association, supervillainy. Although not primarily concerned with villain characters, it contributes to our discussion about moral choices in superhero/villain texts, choices that often lead the subjects of such texts to reject what is "legal" for what is "right."


Employee Morale is the study of different aspects of an employee's physical and mental requirements and needs that must be facilitated by businesses and companies so that it will help him/her to be comfortable and productive in their job and they will be able to give their best results. Employees with high morale and whose organisation satisfies their needs, provide the best result in the profit and growth of the organization. It also provides employees a mental satisfaction and fulfilment which incorporates organizational commitment, employee engagement and give more validity to the 'Espirit de Corps' principle of management. Employee morale is like a win-win concept. This means that the employees are happy with their job and can maintain work life balance, which helps the employees to put in their best efforts for the organization. With a group of high morale employees, a company is ensured to achieve the top position. Not only will the company perform better in terms of sales or profits or growth but also in terms of work culture and employment. Employee Morale is something that every organization in the world must consider.


Volatile disinfection by-products (DBPs) contained in chlorinated tap water are released into household air during indoor activities (showering, cooking, dish-washing, etc.) associated with tap water uses and may cause adverse health effects on humans. Twenty seven subjects were recruited and their homes were visited during the winter of 2002. Tap water, household air, and exhaled breath samples were collected and analyzed for five volatile DBPs (chloroform, bromodichloromethane, dichloroacetonitrile, 1,1-dichloropropanone and 1,1,1-trichloropropanone). Chloroform was a major DBP found in most samples. Tap water chloroform concentrations were not statistically correlated with its household air concentrations, probably due to individual variability in indoor activities such as showering, cooking, and dish-washing as well as household ventilation. Correlation of breath chloroform concentration with household air chloroform concentration showed its possible use as a biomarker of exposure to household air chloroform. Exposure estimates suggested that inhalation during household stay be a major route of exposure to volatile DBPs and that ingestion of tap water be a trivial contributor to the total exposure in Koreans.


Stationary equatorial Kelvin wave solutions are forced below the thermocline by a vertical velocity representing large-scale convergence or divergence patterns associated with the upper ocean circulation, in the presence of a mean westward flow U mimicking the Equatorial Intermediate Current. For constant U, solutions exhibit a dominant vertical scale as given by McCreary and Lukas (1986), but in the presence of vertical mean shear, considerable changes in amplitude and vertical scale of the waves with depth occur. The combined effects of shear and linear friction on both the oscillatory and decay vertical scales of the wave flows are examined for typical shear profiles. In general, the faster the mean flow is at the top, the deeper energy is able to propagate before being dissipated. Shallow critical layers (where U = 0) may provide a barrier to the penetration of wave energy to great depths. The relevance of these ideas to the dynamics of the equatorial deep jets is discussed.


It is well established that sedentariness is the largest, preventable contributor to premature death, eclipsing smoking in recent years. One approach to reduce sedentariness is by using a treadmill desk to perform office work while walking at a low speed.We found an increased interest level when the treadmill desks were first introduced to LANL, but after a few months interest appeared to drop. It is possible that treadmill desk use was occurring, but subjects did not record their use. The treadmill desks will not be readily available for purchase by employees due to the study outcome. Additionally, conclusive changes in body measurements could not be performed due to lack of follow up by 58% of the participants.


There have been described methods of creating mathematical models of magnetostrictive transformers of relocation based on magnetostrictive phenomenon. Magnetostrictive transformers of relocation in stretching mode and twist mode have been described in the article. Different methods and approaches to the modeling magnetostrictive transformers have been presented and analyzed.


Background and Aims:  Acute hepatitis caused by lamivudine (LMV)‐resistant strains has not been reported, and the clinical impact of LMV‐resistant strains on acute hepatitis is not known. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular and clinical characteristics of patients with acute hepatitis B caused by LMV‐resistant strains.


Abstract This paper presents the research carried out in relation to a painted craquelure on A Calm, a 17th century Dutch marine painting attributed to Willem van de Velde the Younger. The painting was covered with a very discoloured, uneven and brittle varnish. Before any conservation treatment could be carried out, the reason for the presence of the painted craquelure had to be established. The methods of examination used and the processes that established that the craquelure had been both painted and scratched on as part of a major interventive treatment carried out between 1802 and 1852 to disguise a major rearrangement of pieces of the canvas are described. The question of forgery and the issue of reversing the restoration are discussed. A short note is given on the approach used to clean the painting while attempting to preserve the craquelure.


Graphene oxide, graphdyine oxide, and black-phosphorus coated micromotors integrating "three engines" for motion control using different stimuli such as chemical fuel, light, and magnetic fields ar...


The present invention discloses a photograph restoration method and apparatus. The method includes the following steps that: an original photograph and a reference photograph corresponding to the original photograph are acquired; the pixels of the original photograph are expanded to predetermined pixels, pixel points to be repaired in the original photograph are obtained; and the pixel values of the pixel points to be repaired are restored based on the pixel values of the pixel points of the reference photograph, so that a restored original photograph can be obtained. With the photograph restoration method and apparatus of the invention adopted, the technical problem of the fuzziness of a restored photograph which is caused by the fuzziness of an original photograph with few pixels can be solved.


The group of reflexive verb constructions in Croatian encompasses semantically and syntactically diverse verbs: intransitive verbs with obligatory reflexive marker, intransitive verbs that have reflexive marker only in some constructions, and subgroup of transitive verbs that can be accompanied by reflexive marker if it marks either intransitivization of the verb or co- reference of the arguments, i.e. reflexive/reciprocal meaning. Given the diversity of reflexive constructions, children acquiring them in Croatian have a rather difficult task. In order to examine this process, reflexive constructions in linguistic production of three children aged 1 ; 2-3 ; 2 were studied. The data were extracted from Croatian corpora in CHILDES database using CLAN software. Reflexive constructions from children's utterances containing proper usage, overgeneralizations and omissions of reflexive marker were analyzed in terms of the verb's argument structure (one- vs. two-argument verbs) and the semantic and/or syntactic role that reflexive marker carries in a specific construction. The results give insight into the chronological aspect of the acquisition of verbs relative to their argument structure in Croatian, and demonstrate the process of learning to express semantically specific concepts, such as reflexivity and reciprocity.


Oxford University Press, 2001. Pp. x + 211. $39.95 cloth, $18.95 paper. Shakespeare and the Drama of his Time. By MARTIN WIGGINS. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. Pp. viii + 149. $45.00 cloth, $19.95 paper. Shakespeare Criticism in the Twentieth Century. By MICHAEL TAYLOR. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001. Pp. x + 278. $39.95 cloth, $18.95 paper. Shakespeare and Masculinity. By BRUCE R. SMITH. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. Pp. x + 182. $39.95 cloth, $19.95 paper. Shakespeare's Reading. By ROBERT S. MIOLA. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. Pp. xii + 186. $19.95 paper.


This study investigates the temperature-dependent magnetic properties of rare earth-transition metal DyCo4 alloy film using synchrotron soft X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) spectroscopy. The ferrimagnetic alloy thin film is prepared by magnetron sputtering in an ultra-clean argon atmosphere at 1.5×10-3 mbar pressure and 300 K temperature. By applying the sum rules, the magnetic moment is determined from the transmission XMCD.