AbstractIn this study, polyaniline/Fe3O4 (PAni/Fe3O4) magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized and used as an adsorbent for the removal of Reactive Red 198 (RR 198) from water. Scanning electron microscope was used for determining morphology and size distribution of the prepared nanoparticles. The size of magnetic nanoparticles Fe3O4 was characterized by Transmission Electron Microscope. The formation of magnetic nanoparticles Fe3O4, was confirmed through X-ray Diffraction Technique. The chemical structures of the products were investigated with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Effective parameters on the removal of RR 198 such as pH, dosage, and time were investigated and optimized. At the optimum situations the pH, dosage, and time were 5, 0.8 g l–1, and 90 min, respectively. For determining the type of adsorption isotherm, Temkin, Langmuir, and Freundlich adsorption isotherms were used. The results revealed that Langmuir isotherm adequately met the experimental requirements. According to the Lan...


The problem about trade and human rights is one core of every country's externally political battle.In the whole process of international intercourse,the trade system infracted and gradually edged human rights.The intension and extension of human rights were twisted for a time because of politics.All these are locks to human's general and free development and human society's together progress.Thinking about the beginning,reason and essence,harmonizing theory and principles from the view of "human" are the claim and necessity of history and the content and aim of this article.


Recent decades have seen many countries reforming their higher education systems, affecting the mission and governance of higher education institutions (HEIs). HEIs are now expected to produce entrepreneurial capital and to be catalysts for regional economic and societal development, taking on significant roles in entrepreneurial ecosystems. Hence, this article addresses entrepreneurial ecosystem stakeholders' preoccupation with and interest in the role of HEIs in the future and assesses the opportunities and risks associated with HEIs pursuing entrepreneurial pathways. The authors propose five future scenarios, which they term 'worldwide', 'transdisciplinary', 'adaptive learning', 'blended' and 'ecosystem'. These scenarios demonstrate that internationalization, digital transformation, collaborative networks and co-creation processes are key drivers of the advancement of higher education and provide guidance for HEIs and policymakers on the framing of decision-making agendas related to possible entrepreneurial pathways. Based on experts' assessments, the authors consider the transdisciplinary and blended scenarios to be the most auspicious.


The cover page also stated that Essig had compiled the account during the summer of 1919 from letters she had written to her mother, from her own diary, and from memory. There is no evi dence that she ever attempted to publish or circulate it. The pa per was sent to one of Essig's former students, who brought it to the Illinois Wesleyan University School of Nursing in the belief that its contents would be of interest to the school in whose evo lution Essig had played a prominent part. The paper's script is similar to printing and not difficult to read. The handwriting is


We report on novel approach to switch the optical beam profile in a fibre laser using a short piece of special passive fibre. The switching mechanism relies on selective wavelength resonance between the core and a high index surrounding ring in the fibre. Beam switching at 530 kHz from a Gaussian beam shape to a flat-top beam with a ring with corresponding M2 from 1.4 to 3.5 is demonstrated in a modified industrial pulsed fibre laser.


Stimulated Infrared Thermography (TIS) is a fast and global method for NonDestructive Evaluation (NDE). Among the recently emerging NDE methods, it is probably the less intrusive one since it really needs no contact at all with the tested structure. A new inversion technique, using an early detection of the contrast, is presented to demonstrate how it recovers the depth of the defects with accuracy and partially removes the effects produced by the lateral heat diffusion. l . INTRODUCTION The main ONERAfL3C contribution in the Non Destructive field lies in the techniques of the Stimulated Infrared Thermography (TIS) which consist in a pulse uniform illumination of the surface of the studied specimen, followed by the analysis of its InfraRed (IR) emission as a function of time /I/. Section 2 of this paper is devoted to the recent improvements brought by our group to this analysis and which allows to strongly decrease the effects of the lateral heat diffusion (3-D effects). As a consequence, the method leads to a high accuracy as regards the identified in-depth position of the defects, and to a better identified defect shape (see section 3). The advantages of this new inversion will be assessed, by performing it on artificial and natural impact defects present in composite materials. 2. TIS EARLY DETECTION 2.1. Industrial set up The set-up used in the experiments described in this paper, corresponds to the front surface configuration, i.e. illumination and detection on the same surface. The pulsed sources available in our system can be either flashes (pulse duration 4 ms) or continuous IR lamps (48 kW), the pulse being achieved, in that case, by the opening/closing of mechanical shutters electromechanically driven (the smallest pulse duration obtained with this system is 200 ms). An AGEMA 880LW records the surface temperature as a function of time during periods of times up .to 10 mn after the pulse illumination. For instance, when placed at 1.2 m from the sample surface, the system allows to obtain a field of view of 20 cm and a spatial resolution of 2 mm with the objective of 12' used for these experiments. 2..2. Inversion using the early detection The detection and the characterization of the resistive subsurface defects is achieved by seeking local emergence of thermal contrast after the pulse illumination, i.e. an increase of the local temperature above the defect with respect to the temperature in a sound region, (figure la). Article published online by EDP Sciences and available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp4:1994712 C7-48 JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV Generally, the depth and the resistance of the defect are deduced from the value and the time of the maximum contrast /l/. This search is made pixel by pixel and finally leads to two synthetic images, respectively for the local depths and resistances of the subsurface defects. An alternative consists in the detection of the time corresponding to half the development of the contrast 121. The deeper the defects are, the longer these characteristic times are, with an important lateral heat diffusion as a consequence. Under these conditions, the inversion provides an underestimation of both the depths and the thermal resistances of the detected defects. a) Schematic explanations of the two detections b) Definition of the detection threshold, dT being the noise


The article deals with the analysis of the pedagogical theory and practice of the professionally-focused training in not language high schools in Russia and the ways of professionally-focused training problems solving at the chair of foreign languages and speech culture of the East-Siberian Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.


Two genera with two species of the superfamily Ichneumonoidea, Testudobracon pleuralis Ashmead 1906 and Diadromus subtilicornis Gravenhorst 1829, are reported for the first time from South Korea. Diagnosis, distribution, and illustration are provided.


s Empowering Women CSR Initiatives by Tata Group: Part B Management Brief The Tata group has steadfastly held on to its ethos of being connected to the community in which it operates. One of the communities touched deeply by the group is women, particularly rural women whose empowerment and upliftment has been central to some of the group companies key CSR initiatives. Various Tata companies in their own way have initiated programmes to bring women into the mainstream economy. This Part B of the management brief brings significant women oriented initiatives in Tata companies like Tata International, Rallis India Limited and Tata Global Beverages Limited. Balancing Short Term and Long Term Approaches of Managing Business Article The unprecedented business environment today requires leaders to continuously adapt to conflicting and polarised demands on business. One such demand is to seamlessly straddle across completely contrasting and extreme approaches of managing a business. On one hand is the traditional long-term approach that views a business as perpetual entity generating value over long term. On the other hand is a short-term approach where businesses are run by institutional investors that commit large sums of money with an intention to create substantial value in 5-7 years. This article brings forth lessons offered by these two approaches. It is based on academic literature and some experiences of business leaders that have operated in both these approaches. Do You know Your Consumers well? Management Brief Marketing has always been about two Vs Value Creation and Value Delivery. Changing technology and dynamic environment have only made them more imperative for today s marketers. To remain relevant in the market, there is an increased interest in uncovering the mystery around consumers wants and expectations, and a dire need to understand what constitutes meaningful value to them. This management brief presents the concept of consumer insight and the process for developing insights using real life corporate examples. Aligning Business and Marketing Strategy for Large IT Services and Consulting/Organisations A Balanced Scorecard Approach Research Article In recent years, Balanced Scorecard (BSC) has been applied to support functions including information technology (IT), human resources and marketing. Marketing BSC is becoming a popular tool among IT Services and Consulting organizations. It is perhaps attributable to the fact the impact and influence of Chief Marketing Officers (CMOs) have increased in the wake of digital business models and they are being rendered more accountable for business performance both in B2B and B2C context. This paper presents a methodology for development and implementation of a Marketing BSC within a large IT Services and Consulting Enterprise. The methodology is supported through a hypothesized case study developed from multiple implementation experiences of the authors. It may be extended to small and mid-sized organizations as well and other support functions with slight modifications. Note Author s Analysis and Readers Comments on A Derailed Superstar Case Study Should management track be the only way to progress within an organization? What happens when your star talent does not fit the role of a manager in the classical sense? Would you still force him / her to take on people responsibilities under the guise of rewarding him / her? This note presents the author s analysis on the fictional case A Derailed Superstar published in the September edition of AR@T. The note also presents responses of some of our readers to the business dilemma faced by the protagonist in the case. MANAGEMENT TRAINING CENTRE To request soft copies of case studies and management briefs, send a mail to email@example.com Abstracts Market Segmentation How to get it right? Dr Richa Vyas and Neha Bhosle Segmentation is one of the core concepts in marketing theory. However, in practice, many business problems could be traced back to not understanding this basic concept sufficiently thus resulting in flawed segmentation. Targeting wrong segments, or positioning the offering in an incorrect manner even if the segmentation is appropriate, may render the marketing strategy ineffective. Seldom, an adequate understanding of the end consumer is given deep thought, as marketers find it difficult to accept that their segmentation approach could be a problem! The white paper presents examples of some unconventional segmentation approaches by the companies using interesting customer insights from their respective markets. The paper also takes the reader through a simple framework on how to go about an appropriate and effective segmentation process. Developing a Structured Partnership between a US University and a Corporation A Possible Approach Milind Pandit Largely an understanding exists on what it takes to build a win-win relationship between a Corporation and a University. Research has demonstrated an approach promoting open dialogue, building a common purpose and keeping focus on mutually beneficial goals, leading to a long lasting and successful relationship. Studies of industry-university collaboration indicate partnerships in terms of research project outcomes defined as creating an opportunity for a company, such as guidance for the direction of technology development. From a business standpoint, however, research outcome is only of incidental importance. The article emphasises on what matters is not outcome but impact how the new knowledge derived from collaboration with a university can contribute to a company s performance. Abstracts Scope Creep The TCS Experience Anita Kane and Dr Richa Vyas A project scope is a detailed description of all major deliverables, features, functions, tasks and milestones that has to be achieved in an agreed time period. Any deviation in these elements adversely affects the timeline, costs and, at times, the marketing opportunities as well. Most Project Managers, at some point, deal with problems with their projects stretching or deviating out of its defined scope. Using inputs from in-depth discussions with various managers at TCS and aSurvey, this research article puts forth the reasons, consequences and coping strategies to deal with this devil of deviation called Scope Creep. Walking the Tight Rope S Sharda Ratna and Dr Gayatri Phadke The second article,in the series of Women Leadership, presents different aspects of gender stereotyping and its deep implications on women working in the corporate. Conforming to the Double-Bind Dilemma for Women in Leadership: Damned if You Do, Doomed if You Don t, Catalyst series sponsored by IBM Corporation, the article indicates how cultural conditioning and unintended biases at workplace seem to play a big role in Gender Stereotyping. In addition, the study discusses the dilemma of double bind affected by not only the perception of others, but also perception of women about themselves, leading to confusion in their style of leadership adopted at workplace and reduced confidence in their selves. Scope Creep The TCS Experience Anita Kane and Dr Richa Vyas A project scope is a detailed description of all major deliverables, features, functions, tasks and milestones that has to be achieved in an agreed time period. Any deviation in these elements adversely affects the timeline, costs and, at times, the marketing opportunities as well. Most project managers, at some point, deal with problems with their projects stretching or deviating out of its defined scope. Using inputs from in-depth discussions with various managers at TCS and a Survey, this research article puts forth the reasons, consequences and coping strategies to deal with this devil of deviation called Scope Creep. Walking the Tight Rope S Sharda Ratna and Gayatri Phadke The second article, in the series of Women Leadership, presents different aspects of gender stereotyping and its deep implications for women working in the corporate. The article conforms to the Double Bind Dilemma indicating the role of cultural conditioning and unintended biases at work place, on Gender Stereotyping (Women in Leadership : Damned if you do, Doomed if you dont, Catalyst series sponsored by IBM). In addition, the study discusses not only the perception of others, but also the perception of women about themselves leading to confusion in their style of leadership adopted at workplace and reduced confidence in their selves. December | Issue 1 | 2016


Objective: To observe the intervention effect of the sequential therapy of hemodialysis combined with simple ultrafiltration on hypotension in the process of hemodialysis. Methods: 40 cases of hemodialysis patients from January 2009 to November 2011 were selected and randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group.The experimental group with sequential therapy of hemodialysis combined with simple ultrafiltration,and the control group with conventional hemodialysis.Blood pressure,clinical symptoms,and ultrafiltration volume were monitored and compared during hemodialysis for two groups of patients. Results: The average level of hypotension in the group of sequential therapy was [(98±9)/(56±7)] mmHg,which was higher than that in the control group [(85±21)/(55±8)] mmHg,while the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant(P0.05).Hypotension incidence in the group of sequential therapy was 6.3%,which was lower than that in conventional dialysis group(15.7%)(P0.05).And above all,its dialysis adequacy did not reduced. Conclusion: Sequential therapy of hemodialysis combined with simple ultrafiltration can keep blood dynamics stability in the process of hemodialysis,which can effectively reduce the incidence of dialysis hypotension and improve hemodialysis efficiency.


Objective
To observe the effect of nursing cooperation between parturient and postpartum nurses in the management of micturition after vaginal delivery.

Methods
A total of 100 cases of pregnant women who were produced by vaginal delivery in the Second People's Hospital of Zhanjiang City, Guangdong Province (the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University) (January to March 2018) and a total of 100 cases of pregnant women after the implementation (April to June 2018) were divided into the control group and the test group.The control group received routine post-natal urine discharge management, and the test group received the intervention of nursing management in post-natal and post-natal urination in the area of maternity ward and postpartum zone.The observation indexes of the two groups after intervention were compared.

Results
The first time of spontaneous excretion of urine and the incidence of postpartum urinary retention in the trial group were significantly lower than those in the control group, and the score of nursing satisfaction after puerperal urination was significantly higher than that in the control group, and the differences were satistically significant (P<0.05).

Conclusions
Using the collaboration between the delivery room and the post natal nurses to develop the nursing mode to carry out the urination management after vaginal delivery can help the parturient to successfully grasp the period of postpartum urination window, reduce the risk of postpartum urinary retention and improve the satisfaction of postpartum urination nursing.

Key words:
Crucial care; Vaginal delivery; Postpartum urination; Urinary retention


An algorithm of airfield runway recognition and localization based on linear feature was presented in this paper.Firstly,directional wavelet transform was adopted to obtain edge map with precise localization,continuous edge and clean background.Then,the edge dots marked by the gradient orientation were regarded as the basic elements of the Hough transform.The full-scale "voting" of Hough transform was replaced by partial "voting" of target direction.Besides,the straight line detection and localization process were combined together,so that the runway description information could be achieved.Experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm is effective and robust.


Extreme tourism is actively developing within Podillia, but spontaneously. The goal is to consider the peculiarities of regional differences in the development of extreme tourism, taking into account the availability of relevant natural and socio-economic resources of Podillia. The methods of system analysis and generalization, field landscape studies and tourism studies, modeling and GIS technologies were used. It is noted that geographers and landscape scientists still do not pay enough attention to researching the possibilities of the development of extreme tourism, in particular, its individual types. It is shown that Podillia has enough necessary natural and socio-economic resources for the development of various types of extreme tourism. For their better understanding and further development, it is expedient to use existing schemes of natural zoning, which partially take into account the socio-economic conditions of Podillia. An analysis of the existing sport tourism zoning scheme was also carried out, the structure of which includes extreme tourism. On the basis of these zonings, taking into account the available resources suitable for the development of the relevant types of extreme tourism, a zoning scheme for extreme tourism in Podillia was developed, with the separation of Zahidno-Podilsky, Kremenets-Gorbogirny, Tovtrovy, Podilsky Transnistria, Central-Podilskyi and Middle-Buzky districts. In each district, 2-3 leading types of extreme tourism and 1-2 promising ones in the future are selected. They need to be supported both by local village and district communities, and at the state level. The legal basis for the development of extreme tourism and its individual types, holding competitions, etc., also needs improvement. This especially applies to the relations between extreme tourists and local communities in connection with the complication of their established everyday life and activities.
The development of the tourist and recreational sphere in the conditions of Podillia is determined by the presence of the necessary, often unique and even unique natural resources, appropriate socio-economic conditions and local traditions and customs. However, for a long period of time, the tourism and recreation sphere developed according to previously established criteria (until the 1990s). Since the beginning of the XXI century. clearly observed trends towards the reconstruction of the tourist and recreational sphere of Podillia, taking into account foreign experience and local conditions. Among the types of tourist and recreational activities, the importance of sports tourism is growing. In its structure, even now, extreme tourism remains in the "shadow", almost unrecognized. This often leads to its active spontaneous development, especially in such areas of Podillia as the Kremenets Mountains, Podil Transnistria, Podil Tovtry, and Middle Pobuzh. Moreover, for certain local communities, extreme tourism becomes profitable. For better development, extreme tourism must be separated from the structure of sports tourism, but developed together. In each of the designated extreme tourism areas of Podillia, 1-3 species will prevail. They need to be supported both by local village and district communities, and at the state level. The legal basis for the development of extreme tourism and its individual types, holding competitions, etc., also needs improvement. This especially applies to the relations between extreme tourists and local communities in connection with the complication of their established everyday life and activities.
The proposed zoning scheme for extreme tourism in Podillia and its promising types identified in each district provide an opportunity to better develop directions for the development of individual types of extreme tourism, and to allocate costs for their development. In the future, this will require more detailed studies of the development possibilities of each type of extreme tourism, even those that are not leading in the isolated extreme tourism areas of Podillia, but will be promising in the future.
It is noted that further research into the development of extreme tourism within Podillia will help to increase its diversity, the conduct of classes and the safety of training.
Keywords. Podillia, natural resources, extreme tourism, zoning, development.


Objective
To investigate the phenolic compounds composition and the inhibitory activity of Mangifera indica (M. indica) and Mucuna urens (M. urens) seeds extracts against some key enzymes (α-amylase, α-glucosidase and aldose reductase) implicated in the pathology and complications of type 2 diabetes in vitro.
Methods
Reverse phase chromatographic quantification of the major flavonoids and phenolic acids in the seeds extracts was carried out using high performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection. The inhibitory activities of the seeds extracts against α-amylase and α-glucosidase were estimated using soluble starch and ρ-nitrophenylglucopyranoside as their respective substrates. Inhibition of aldose reductase activity by the extracts was assayed using partially purified lens homogenate of normal male rat as source of enzyme; inhibition of Fe2+-induced lipid peroxidation by extracts was tested in rat pancreas homogenate.
Results
The chromatography result revealed that extracts of both seeds had appreciable levels of some major flavonoids and phenolic acids of pharmacological importance, including gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, ellagic acid, catechin, rutin, quercitrin, quercetin and kaempferol. Extracts of both seeds effectively inhibited α-amylase, α-glucosidase and aldose reductase activities in a dose-dependent manner, having inhibitory preference for these enzymes in the order of aldose reductase>α-glucosidase>α-amylase. With lower half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) against α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and aldose reductase, M. indica had stronger inhibitory potency against these enzymes than M. urens. Extracts of both seeds also inhibited Fe2+-induced lipid peroxidation in a dose-dependent pattern, with M. indica being more potent than M. urens.
Conclusions
The results obtained provide support for a possible use of M. indica and M. urens seeds in managing hyperglycemia and preventing the complications associated with it in type 2 diabetes.


New families of computation-efficient parallel prefix algorithms for message-passing multicomputers are presented. The first family improves the communication time of a previous family of parallel prefix algorithms; both use only half-duplex communications. Two other families adopt collective communication operations to reduce the communication times of the former two, respectively. These families each provide the flexibility of either fewer computation time steps or fewer communication time steps to achieve the minimal running time depending on the ratio of the time required by a communication step to the time required by a computation step.


Disruptive technologies shake the status quo of the industry by changing the prevailing value proposition. Drawing upon strategic management, our study of the transportation industry suggests a new strategy to manage disruptive technology, which may, according to our preliminary results, improve on the approaches previously discussed in the literature.


We characterize representations of a connected real reductive group which are invariant under an automorphism of finite order. The intertwining operators constructed in this characterization are then used to prove a Paley-Wiener theorem for a class of real reductive groups twisted by involutions.


Tracking objects in videos using mean shift technique has brought to public attention. In this paper, we developed an improved tracking algorithm based on the mean shift framework. To represent the object model more accurately, the motion direction of the object which was estimated by the local motion filters was employed to weight the histogram. Besides, a wise object template updating strategy was proposed to adapt to the change of the object appearance caused by noise, deformation or occlusion. The experimental results on several real world scenarios shows that our approach has an excellent tracking performance comparing with the background weighted histogram mean shift tracking approach and traditional mean shift tracking method.


Importance of the field: Survivin is a prominent anti-apoptotic molecule expressed widely in the majority of cancers. Overexpression of survivin leads to uncontrolled cancer cell growth and drug resistance. Efficient downregulation of survivin expression and its functions can sensitise the tumour cells to various therapeutic interventions such as chemotherapeutic agents leading to cell apoptosis. Areas covered in this review: The article thoroughly analyses up-to-date information on the knowledge generated from the survivin patents. Various key areas of research in terms of understanding survivin biology and its targeting are discussed in detail. What the reader will gain: The article clearly gives an insight on the recent developments undertaken to understand the roles of survivin in cancer and in validating various treatment paradigms that suppress survivin expression in cancer cells. Take home message: Most recent developments are helpful for effectively downregulating survivin expression by using various therapeutic platforms such as chemotherapeutic drugs, immunotechnology, antisense, dominant negative survivin mutant, RNA interference and peptide-based methods. However, selective and specific targeting of survivin in cancer cells still poses a major challenge. Nanotechnology-based platforms are currently under development to enable site-specific targeting of survivin in tumour cells.


The effect of adding rare-earth element La into CaCO_3 supported Cu-Ni catalyst was studied La improves the selectivity of the catalyst due to inhibition of the reduction of Ni. The incorporation of La does not affect the reducibility of Cu distinctly. The lesser the reduction of Ni, the higher the selectivity of the catalyst.


The development of electrospray technique is restricted due to main drawbacks, mainly because it is restricted to electrically conducting liquids and to low throughputs. To overcome these limitations, we have developed a multi-jet electrospray technique for non-conducting fluids. To obtain stable multi-jet operation, a grooved coaxial nozzle was employed to enhance the exterior electrical field. The multi-jet coaxial electrospray mechanism is identical to a single cone-jet coaxial electrospray, and multi-jet operation for a non-conducting fluid has the same features as a single cone-jet for a conducting liquid. The droplet size can be controlled by adjusting the flow rates, and the droplets monodisperse with good stability and uniformity.


The prototype cryomodule (CM) for the ESS double spoke cavities is tested in the FREIA laboratory at Uppsala University. One of the goals of this test is to establish an efficient way to assess one series cryomodule within six weeks. One of the possible challenges is a conditioning process of the coupler and cavity multipacting. This study will be the first practical experience of double spoke cavity conditioning in a CM, and will lead to a standard conditioning recipe for future projects containing superconducting spoke cavities. In this paper, a preliminary result of CM testing is shown with a special focus on the conditioning processes.


Actinidia kolomikta (MAXIM. & RUPR.) MAXIM. belongs to Actinidia genus, Actinidiaceae family. Out of almost 40 species only Actinidia kolomikta is characterized as resistant and Actinidia arguta as tolerant to Lithuanian climatic conditions. A. kolomikta is a perennial ligneous liana plant and, under the favourable growing conditions, lives to 80-100 years. A. kolomikta has several desirable attributes such as cold hardiness, compact growth habit, precocity, and a short growing season to achieve fruit maturity [GUTHRIE et al. 2007]. Cultured Actinidia species are of limited luxuriance, and most of them have stems of 3-4 m in length, while some bushes may reach the height of only 1.5-2 m and their branches almost do not wind round. Bushes of Actinidia branch out above the ground and their stems are of 2-4 cm width and 0.2-0.3 m height. Efforts of special formation may result in the development of higher stems [STRANG, FUNT 2001]. At present a number of A. kolomikta cultivars and selection hybrids are spread in Lithuania. So for "Lithuanian National List of Plant Varieties" only includes the following four cultivars: Laiba, Lanke, Lande, Paukstes Sakarva. These cultivars were developed at the Lithuanian University of Agriculture by selecting seedlings, grown from free pollination seeds of Klara Cetkin and Ananasnaja cultivars in 1972, and have been under investigation here since 1988. A. kolomikta plants are particularly sensitive to frosts. Late spring frosts damage completely opened leaves and buds [PRANCKIETIS 1999; PRANCKIETIS et al. 2001]. In the course of ripening A. kolomikta fruits change their chemical composition, increase the amounts of soluble solids and reduce the level of ascorbic acid [CHESONIENE et al. 2004].


Physical activity is defined as bodily movement that is produced by the contraction of skeletal muscle and that substantially increases energy expenditure.Sport is a planned,organized,reproducible physical activity,which the main purpose is to improve or maintain one or more physical fitness.Physical activity is a problem to which people pay much attention at present,and has benefit on certain chronic internal diseases such as reducing the incidence of cardiovascular disease,benefit to lose weight,reducing the symptoms of metabolic syndrome,improving diabetic symptoms,and slow down osteoporosis.Therefore,sports activities have benefit for certain internal diseases prevention and treatment,and should become an important means of health promotion for whole society.


Diseases still cause unpredictable and high mortalities in intensive crustacean culturing, leading to major economic losses. Controlling diseases has traditionally been done using antibiotics; however, resistance is now a major problem and they became a threat to human health and environment. To obtain a more sustainable production, new strategies for controlling pathogenic bacteria are necessary; for example immunostimulation and priming (the induction of resistance in the host organism using natural signaling molecules, i.e. immunostimulants). Immunostimulants, products derived from yeast or bacterial components, are widely used for aquaculture purposes. However, the efficacy of these compounds is not yet sufficiently validated, as are effects on the host organism and possible long-term effects (Smith et al., 2003). A simple model system using animals reared in a germ-free environment or with a known microorganism community (a gnotobiotic system), has been shown to be instrumental in studying immune effects. An excellent candidate for such a gnotobiotic model system is the crustacean Artemia franciscana, being a small and robust animal with a short life cycle. Larvae of Artemia are an important live-food in fish and shellfish larviculture and ingestion of pathogenic microbes may have dramatic consequences for both Artemia as animals that prey on them. For exploring the phenomenon of priming and immunostimulation a gnotobiotic system is being developed during this PhD project using axenic Artemia franciscana and a pathogen is being identified to perform challenge tests at different points in the life cycle. Vibrio campbellii LMG21363 is a known opportunistic pathogen for Artemia and is currently used as a standard strain for challenge tests using instar II nauplii of Artemia. Recently, there are newly identified pathogenic strains of Vibrio available of which our preliminary results showed at least one of them has a significantly higher virulence than the LMG21363 strain of Vibrio campbellii. Expected results from ongoing experiments will reveal more information about this strain, giving us a better understanding if it is better suited for challenge tests at different points in the life stage of Artemia compared to the standard Vibrio strain. It is anticipated that these experiments will also provide us information that will allow us to explore the immune response of gnotobiotic Artemia adults in future experiments, thus contributing to the discussion of immunostimulants for aquaculture purposes.


After asking why there are less students in science and how the situation could be improved, a description of Astronomy Education in France at different levels will be given.


In this paper, we describe our ZTSpeech for two tracks of CHiME-5 challenge. For front-end, our experiments conduct the comparisons between several popular beamforming methods. Besides, we also propose a omnidirectional minimum variance distortionless response (OMVDR) followed by weighted prediction error (WPE). Furthermore, we investigate the impact of data augmentation and data combinations. For back-end, several acoustic models (AMs) with different architectures are deeply investigated. N-gram-based and recurrent neural network (RNN)-based language models (LMs) are both evaluated. For single-array track, by combining the most effective approaches, our final system can achieve 11.94% promotion on performance in evaluation set, from 73.27% to 61.33%. For multiple-array track, our final system can achieve 12.29% improvement in evaluation set, from 73.30% to 61.01%.


The Oligo-Miocene Pacencia Group of Antofagasta Province, northern Chile consists of over 2 km of molassic sediments deposited in a series of alluvial fan and playa sub-environments. Sandstones of the Artolla Member, exposed around San Bartolo, represent playa-marginal sandflat deposits and locally host stratiform copper mineralization. A detailed study of these sediments has revealed a complex sequence of diagenetic modifications to the arkosic detrital mineral assemblage. Early dissolution of unstable ferro-magnesian minerals and calcic feldspar resulted in the release of ions into intra-stratal solution and the subsequent formation of a suite of eogenetic authigenic minerals.

These include early hematite coatings on framework grains, pore-lining zeolite and pore-filling calcite, gypsum and celestite cements. Syntaxial overgrowths of albite, quartz and less common K-feldspar are well developed. Following early oxidative intrastratal conditions, the influx of acidic fluids derived from mudrocks during mesogenesis resulted in an important secondary porosity generation and the establishment of an acidic, reducing intrastratal environment. This facilitated the subsequent introduction of low temperature mineralizing solutions and formation of the San Bartolo copper deposit.

A return to oxidative diagenetic conditions is recorded by late stage overgrowths of K-feldspar and quartz and the oxidation of native copper/chalcopyrite cements to cuprite/tenorite and chalcocite/covellite assemblages. This final telogenetic modification to the mineral assemblage is related to flushing by meteoric waters and provides independent evidence for an important phase of Andean deformation and uplift in the middle to upper Miocene.


Many real-world systems such as transportation systems, logistics/distribution systems, and manufacturing systems can be regarded as multicommodity flow networks whose arcs have independent, finite and multi-valued random capacities. Such a flow network is a multistate system with multistate components and its reliability for level d = ( d 1 , d 2 , . . . , d k ), i.e., the probability that k different types of commodity can be transmitted from the source node to the sink node in the way that the demand level d = ( d 1 , d 2 , . . . , d k ) is satisfied, can be computed in terms of minimal path vectors to level d (named d -MPs here). The main objective of this paper is to present a simple algorithm to generate all d -MPs of such a flow network for each level d = ( d 1 , d 2 , . . . , d k ) in terms of minimal pathsets. Three examples are given to illustrate how all d -MPs are generated by our algorithm and then the reliability of one example is computed.


In the automotive laboratory, different engine types are studied. During the operation of the engines, trainers and students in the laboratory are exposed to many harmful effects. One of the most important of these effects is noise pollution. Noise pollution has many effects on human health. Moreover, in accordance with regulations, noise values should not exceed a certain level in working environments. The fact that the noise is above certain values requires the use of personal protective equipment. In this study, noise values were determined in different models of different engines in automotive laboratories. The design of the laboratory is designed to create a minimum noise value


Issues related to human health are traditionally developed since the early years of formal schooling in Brazil. Health, as a complex term, as well as the role of various factors that influence and determine health status can be presented and discussed at the school in different perspectives. Among the many materials in support of the teacher, the textbook, because of the role it plays at classroom, can be considered as important, if not the main instrument of curriculum organization. This study, based on the theoretical field of Social Epidemiology, aims to show an analyses related to how and what is the role attributed to several factors that influence and determine the health-disease process in Science textbooks for early years of Elementary School in Brazil. It have been analyzed all the 11 collections approved by the National Textbook Program in 2010 (PNLD 2010), in a total of 44 books. The analyzed textbooks tend to give little attention to the social determinants of health (SDH) and focuses on individual behaviors and habits without discussions about the students living context. Coherently, the modification or adaptation of these is the main objective to be achieved from orientations or prescriptions. It is suggested that this material addresses the conceptual advances in the health area, in order to address the issue from a broader framework that takes into account the different aspects that affect the health status of individuals and population groups, especially those of a collective nature and historically constituted (cultural, socioeconomic, environmental), in order to make more meaningful and contextualized the discussions on health in the classroom.


Political communication has been adapted to all media outlets, including social media. Instagram is no exception because it is one of the fastest growing networks in the world and in Ecuador. The objective of the research is to know the impact of content marketing related to political communication on Instagram of the four most voted presidential candidates in the 2021 elections in Ecuador. 569 publications were collected on which several study models were selected on the basis of a bibliographic review, thereby raising qualitative and quantitative variables: frequency of publication, types of content and level of engagement generated. Xavier Hervas is the candidate with the most shared publications, using mostly political content, followed by citizens and intimates, obtaining with these strategies the highest level of engagement within the study. It should be noted that Hervas is a candidate with no political trajectory who excelled in the election with a 4th place obtaining 15.68% of votes, something that had not happened in Ecuador 15 years ago. The results show that despite being a careerless politician he manages to create a large community on Instagram for his brand that ends up backing him up in the election. It means that content marketing has a direct impact on political communication in a positive way if it is possible to adapt to a correct communication plan.


The article has represented analysis of bibliographic activity of 42 libraries, organizing service for youth in the limits of virtual reference service on the basis of receiving information-bibliographic requests from long-distance users.


244 tural barriers that prevented it from becoming the dominant environmental perspective. Despite the shortcomings of the concluding chapter, Lytle's biography is a beneficial introduction to Carson's life, providing insight on her ecological philosophy, her writing, and her role as an alternative voice in the realm of science and technology. Carson continues to serve as one of the most effective critics of the myth of scientific and technical progress, perhaps even more so than her contemporaries Lewis Mumford and Jacques Ellul. It remains for future authors to make a stronger case for her influence on environmental politics from the 1960s to the present.


Calculation of the ultimate bearing capacity of shallow footing on Iwo layered system of soil depends on the pattern of the failure surface that develops below the footing. For a weak clay layer overlaid by top dense sand layer, previous studies assumed that the failure surface is a punching shear failure through the upper sand layer and Prandtl's failure mode in the bottom weak clay layer. By adapting this assumption in this study, the ultimate bearing capacity equation was derived as a function of the properties of soils, the footing width, and the topsoil thickness. The paper presents detail parametric study of the design parameters including the effect of angle of friction, the ratio of the thickness of sand layer to the footing width, the ratio of the depth of embedment to the footing width, and the ratio of the clay soil cohesion to the product of the clay unit weight by the footing width. Design charts were developed in dimensionless form for very wide ranges of design parameters. The available method that developed based on the limit equilibrium analysis was developed in dimensionlized form and for limited range of design parameters. The new charts give another option for the people who believe that the design charts that developed based on the upper limit analysis overestimate the bearing capacity due to the very nature of the upper bound solution. The new design charts are limited for shallow footings.


We explore a new paradigm for natural language communication with autonomous agents. While the dominant paradigm is to use natural language instructions from which the agent behaviour is generated, we investigate how natural language input can influence a pre-existing plan-based behaviour, by interfering with the various types of sub-goals in such a plan. Using as a testbed a fully implemented interactive storytelling application based on virtual actors, we identify various forms of communicative actions and how these can influence actors behaviours. We report early results from the use of a speech processing system used within the storytelling application to influence the behaviour of the artificial actors.


This study was carried out to investigate the effect of dietary phytase on nitrogen and phosphorus excretion of gestating and lactating sows (Yorkshire × Landrace × Duroc). Twelve gestating sows and twelve lactating sows were used in this study and were divided into 2 groups (1 control group and 1 treatment group, 6 replications/group) the control group was without phytase and the treatment group was fed with phytase (750 FTU/kg) in the diet, respectively. Body weights of gestating and lactating sows were 208.9 ± 13.8 kg and 190.5 ± 22.9 kg, respectively. In gestating sows, feed intake was greater in phytase fed group than the control (P 0.05). Finally, dietary addition of phytase decreased P excretion in feces of gestating and lactating sows. (Key words : Gestating sows, Lactating sows, Feed and water intake, Fecal excretion, N and P excretion, Excretion ratio)


A prospective, double‐blind, randomized, and controlled trial was conducted in patients with chronic myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) in the neck to evaluate the effects of infrared low level 904 nm Gallium‐Arsenide (Ga‐As) laser therapy (LLLT) on clinical and quality of life (QoL).


The depth of the bottom-simulating reflection (BSR) observed from seismic-reflection data throughout the Chile Triple Junction region is used to estimate the temperature at the base of the gas hydrate stability field and to calculate the regional pattern of heat flow. Brown et al. (this volume) calibrate temperature-depth conditions at the BSR, which we use to estimate temperatures from BSR depths. Seismic velocity information needed to estimate BSR depths from seismic arrival times, and thermal conductivity data are provided by Leg 141 drilling. The heat-flow pattern varies greatly across the Darwin Fracture Zone. North of the Darwin F.Z., along seismic Line 743, heat flow shows a seaward decreasing trend across the accretionary wedge from 80 mW/m2 30 km from the wedge toe, to 40 mW/m2 10 km from the wedge toe. The decrease in heat flow is opposite to what is expected from the age variation of the underlying oceanic crust and is interpreted to be low because of recent tectonic thickening of the accretionary complex. South of the fracture zone, heat flow reflects the young age of the underlying oceanic crust as it shows a seaward increasing trend from -80 mW/m2 in the mid slope area to as high as 200 mW/m2 at the toe of the trench slope, increasing with decreasing age of the crust. Heat flow contours south of the Darwin F.Z. parallel the Chile Ridge, except near the deformation front; where heat flow contours are oriented along the deformation front. We attribute the heat flow pattern near the deformation front to advective heat transport from pore fluids escaping near the wedge toe. Tectonic thickening does not have as noticeable an effect on the heat flow south of the Darwin F.Z. as north of it, and tectonic thickening may be less active near the triple junction.


In this paper, THz-TDS was used for an environmentally friendly laminate based on agglomerated cork. Fast Fourier transform (FFT) was applied on the raw data to retrieve the phase and amplitude information. Then, a new amplitude polynomial fitting (APF) algorithm was proposed to improve the image performance. Finally, a comparative analysis was given to conclude the advantages of different applied methods.


This study was carried out with the purpose of determining the Nursing and Midwifery students' interest and skills in mathematics, and their skills in calculating the medication dosages. In the study, a survey form comprising 16 questions having the purpose of determining the students' demographical characteristics and interest in mathematics, and the Medication Skill Test (MCS Test), which had been also prepared by the researchers, were used. The Medication Skill Test (MCS Test) were developed, by the researchers, by means of reviewing the relevant literature, particularly the studies carried out by Grandell-Neime et al. and the pharmacology test books. The MCS Test consisted of 25 questions, of which eleven were about general mathematics and fourteen were about the calculation of the medication dosages. The answers the students gave to the questions were evaluated as correct or incorrect. The sampling of the research comprised totally 73 students from the 2 nd , 3 rd and 4 th grades of the midwifery classes, and totally 142 students from the 1 st , 2 nd , 3 rd and 4 th grades of the nursing classes. The survey form were applied to the students by providing the examination conditions and giving 20 minutes time. The data collected was evaluated in computer. It was determined that 96.5 % of the nursing students (n: 137) and 90.4 % of the midwifery students (n: 66) liked the mathematics. 90.1 % of the nursing students (n: 128) and 83.6 % of the midwifery students (n: 61) stated that they found mathematics enjoyable, and likewise, 35.2 % of the nursing students (n: 50) and 34.2 % of the midwifery students (n: 25) stated that they deemed the mathematics as necessary in nursing. 66.9 % of the nursing students (n: 95) and 63.0 % of the midwifery students (n: 46) stated that they had good mathematical skills. 60.6 % of the nursing students (n: 86) and 75.3 % of the midwifery students (n: 55) stated that they didn't deem themselves as adequate in calculating the medication dosages. 65.5 % of the nursing students (n: 93) and 74.0 % of the midwifery students (n: 54) stated that they experienced occasional problems in the mathematical calculations relating to the medication administrations. According to the MCS Test results, it was seen that the lowest correct answering rate was 26.9 % for the nursing students and 5.5 % for the midwifery students, while the highest correct answering rate was 98.6 % for the nursing students and 94.5 % for the midwifery students. Medication administration is an essential skill for nurses and midwives. Any mistake in calculation can lead to medication error and life threatening situations for patients. In the study, it was found that the mathematical skills of the nursing and midwifery students were weak and they didn't feel adequate in the calculation of the medication dosages. Determining and overcoming this inadequacy of the students during their education would prevent the problems they possibly face in their profession after their graduation.


Myosin isoenzyme profiles of rat and chicken embryonic cardiac myocytes were studied during differentiation and growth in vitro by native-gel electrophoresis and assay of Ca2+-activated ATPase. The electrophoretic pattern of myosin extracted from 18-day-embryonic-rat myocytes after 7 days in culture exhibits three isoenzyme bands, VI, V2 and V3, of which the slow-migrating V3 is predominant. This resembles the isoenzyme profiles from 18-20-day-embryonic ventricles in vivo. How-ever, the isoenzyme profile of the 7-day-old culture differs from that of its counterpart in vivo, as well as from that ofthe young and adult rat ventricles, the last two containing the predominant fast-migrating component, V1. When embryonic cardiac myocytes were grown in vitro for 7 days in a medium containing a physiological concentration of L-thyroxine (T4), myosin isoenzyme profiles of these cells shifted to the adult form, with isoenzyme VI predominating after day 4 ofculture. The 7-day-old intact embryonic-chicken ventricles and isolated myocytes showed a single myosin isoenzyme band after 7 days of culture that resembles the pattern seen for the adult chicken. T4 had no effect on the electrophoretic mobility of this isoenzyme pattern. ATPase activity of isoenzyme VI in cultured rat myocytes treated with T4 was comparable with that of VI in the untreated adult heart. This study demonstrates that ATPase activity of the chicken myosin isoenzyme is significantly lower than that of isoenzyme VI, but is comparable with that of rat V3. This study shows that the expression of myosin isoenzyme profiles


Objective To evaluate the burden of nontyphoidal Salmonella infection in Guangzhou and provide information for strategies of foodborne diseases surveillance. Methods Based on the active surveillance system established in nine hospitals from six districts,a 12-month population-based household survey in three districts,as well as national notifiable disease reporting system( NNDRS),attendance rates of patients with diarrhea,stool sampling rate,laboratory testing rate for Salmonella,sensitivity of testing method,and positive case reporting rate were calculated and adjusted by pyramid model ratio and uncertainty analysis to yield the burden ratio and make a comparison between active and passive surveillance. Then the local actual annual incidence of nontypoidal Salmonella infection was estimated and analyzed according to the foodborne diseases epidemiological burden pyramid model. Results The average attendance rate of patients with diarrhea was 23. 91%; stool sampling rate,laboratory testing rate for Salmonella,sensitivity of the stool culture method and positive case reporting rate of the active surveillance hospitals were 38. 34%,28. 24%,87. 5% and 42. 98% respectively,extrapolating rates of hospitals around the city as 38. 34%,28. 24%,47. 5% and 20. 94%. Accordingly,it was estimated that the actual annual incidence rate of nontyphoidal Salmonella infection was 508. 5 cases( 95% CI: 347. 5-802. 5) per 100 000,with 64 586( 95% CI: 44 136-101 921) as emerging cases,while the reported cases from NNDRS was only 171 and the annual incidence rate was 1. 3 cases per 100 000. Among different age groups,the incidence of under 5 years was estimated as the highest( 3 583. 2 per 100 000),while age group from 15 to 24 years the lowest( 23. 5 per 100 000). Conclusion It was the first time that the pyramid model was used on specific foodborne pathogen burden analysis in China,based on data from local surveys,indicating that active surveillance would help improve the stool sampling,laboratory test for Salmonella, sensitivity of the stool culture method,and positive case reporting,and the pyramid model would help gain effective and robust estimate of disease burden. According to the estimate,nontyphoidal Salmonella infection was a major public health problem in Guangzhou in terms of disease burden,which was higher than that of the U. S,with the highest incidence occurred in the age group younger than 5 years. The findings highlighted the necessity to carry out further investigations on risk factors and to implement effective intervention measures on Salmonella infection.


Heating meat to high temperatures induces characteristic protein changes which are expressed in the results of SDS electrophoresis and the ELISA test for identifying the species of heated meat. For example, as the temperature rises (100 to 135 °C) the stained protein bands in the electrophoretic gel become increasingly paler while the background colour becomes increasingly stronger. The species test is still strongly positive for meat from cattle, pigs, poultry and sheep after heating to 120 °C for 20 min. but, after heating to 133 °C (20 min.) it is positive only for sheepmeat. For the other species, the test is negative to weakly positive at best. The heat- induced changes in the meat allow us to draw conclusions about the effectiveness of heat treatments applied to canned meats and meat- and-bone meals. For example, in the case of a number of commercial meat-and-bone meals which have to be heated to 133 °C (20 min. under the Carcase Disposal Plants Order, the ELISA test was strongly positive for the species pig, which means that those meal samples were probably not heated adequately.


In this thesis we discuss some applications of the theory of Anosov systems to nonequilibrium statistical mechanics. In particular, we perform a perturbative check of the Gallavotti-Cohen fluctuation relation for a simple Anosov system; we find that the lack of differentiability of the time reversal operator implies a violation of the Gallavotti-Cohen fluctuation relation.


Inthis paper, wefirst calculate theexpressions of themedia under achange, while inourpaper thegeneral radiant electric field excited bytheHertzian dipole inthe media expression ofradiant electric field inthemedia under a under a sudden change. Thenwecalctlate thegeneralseries ofchanges isobtained. Theproperty offrequency expressions ofradiant electric field excited bytheHertzianshift canbeseen intuitively inthis paper, fortheexciting dipole inthemedia under aseries ofabrupt time-varying. Since source inthis paper isaconcussive source instead ofan half-wave dipole antenna isakind ofwidely used antenna, then impulse used inprevious studies. thesolutions ofhalf-wave dipole antenna inthemedia under a II.EXCITEDBYHERTZIANDIPOLE series ofabrupt time-varying areobtained. Emphasis isplaced, A.Mediaunder aTime-varying onthefrequency shift property ofthe wavesinthetime-varying media, andthis property isintuitively inthspaper asthe We consider a Hertzian dipole dlwiththecurrent exciting source inthis paper isaconcussive source instead of I(t)=Re(Iewt) onit. Emphasis isplaced onfar-zone field animpuse used inprevious studies. inthis paper. Theradiant electric field isasfollows:


Context. In recent years, many very interesting observations have appeared concerning the positions of Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram (HRD), the number ratios of WR stars, the nature of Type Ibc supernova (SN) progenitors, long and soft gamma ray bursts (LGRB), and the frequency of these various types of explosive events. These observations represent key constraints on massive star evolution. Aims. We study, in the framework of the single-star evolutionary scenario, how rotation modifies the evolution of a given initial mass star towards the WR phase and how it impacts the rates of Type Ibc SNe. We also discuss the initial conditions required to obtain collapsars and LGRB. Methods. We used a recent grid of stellar models computed with and without rotation to make predictions concerning the WR populations and the frequency of different types of core-collapse SNe. Current rotating models were checked to provide good fits to the following features: solar luminosity and radius at the solar age, main-sequence width, red-giant and red-supergiant (RSG) positions in the HRD, surface abundances, and rotational velocities. Results. Rotating stellar models predict that about half of the observed WR stars and at least half of the Type Ibc SNe may be produced through the single-star evolution channel. Rotation increases the duration of the WNL and WNC phases, while reducing those of the WNE and WC phases, as was already shown in previous works. Rotation increases the frequency of Type Ic SNe. The upper –


This artical makes an analysis of the entries of WU Ru-lun in the dictionaries published from 1983 to 2009 by using lexicography and philology and summarizes the features of the annotations,which are concise,accurate,prominent,distinct etc..The author of this article points out that some of the annotations are less prominent in theme,imprecise in expression,improper in appreciation,conforming to conventional pattern without originality in content and the like.Some ideas for improvement and measures to be taken are also presented in this article.


In the title complex, bis(di-n-propyldithiocarbamato)nickel(II), [Ni(C7H14NS2)2], a pair of crystallographically independent half-molecules exist in the asymmetric unit. The Ni atoms have square-planar environments and the mean planes through the Ni(CS2)2 moieties of the independent molecules form a dihedral angle of 77.81 (6)°.


A quantitative analysis method of fluorine in the slags produced in the stainless argon‐oxygen decarburization (STS AOD) process by X-ray spectrometry was proposed employing fusion pretreatment technique. The research concerned the separate quantification of calcium fluoride and calcium oxide contained in stainless AOD slags. X-ray diffraction measurement was performed to identify the stable phase of fluorine compound, which is primarily present in the slags. Homogeneous glass discs were prepared under the following conditions: lithium borate mix as flux with sample dilution (1 : 15), with the addition of one tablet of ammonium iodide as releasing agent at 1 323 K for 20 min. XRD patterns and semi-quantitative results for the STS AOD slags provided synthetic standards based on the approximate compositional range of STS AOD slags by combining highly pure compounds and oxides. These standards were employed to establish the XRF calibration curves for F, CatO, SiO2, MgO, Al2O3 and Cr2O3. The calibration curves were used in the quantitative analysis of a synthetic standard and an pure calcium fluoride with satisfactory precision and accuracy, considering the matrix effects and line overlap corrections. The suggested method might be a useful solution to the problem with the quantitative analyses of calcium fluoride in stainless AOD slags by XRF spectrometry.


Computation of the imperfect electric conductor thin wires by finite difference time domain method is developed. The formulas for the subcell approach that allows the spatial grid size to be larger than the wire radius are derived based on the boundary conditions between the imperfect electric conductor thin wires and the surrounding medium. Compared with the results of MoM, the method is proved correct. Using this method, the performance of grounding grid made of steel can be computed accurately


Product involvement has been studied for 30 years, but studies connecting it to brand loyalty in Swiss hotels are missing. This study examines how Swiss leisure travellers' product involvement with a hotel relates with loyalty to the hotel brand. Results show moderately high involvement and antecedents 'pleasure' and 'sign value' show strong relationships. Correlation scores suggest overall weak brand loyalty, impacted by desire to visit different locations. Despite medium-high interest in hotels, only small differences among hotel brands resulted.


The paper introduces the application of new medical materials of PGLA and its advantages in different fields of acupoint catgut embedding therapy in clinical, pointed out that with the development of biological materials and minimally invasive medicine, the usage of PGLA in clinical popularity rate will more and more high.


In the present study, the Intron Splice Site primer EI-1 was used for the analysis of the profile amplification of different species of yeasts considered contaminants (16) in the alcoholic fermentation process obtained from a distillery in the State of Paraiba in 2004/2005. Analytic stages for the molecular discrimination of the yeasts from the total DNA extraction, PCR amplification, and genetic profile analysis were performed. The results indicates that Intron Splice Site primer EI-1 is highly efficient at discriminating between different Saccharomyces and non-Saccharomyces species showing specific band standards for the yeasts analyzed. This primer, which is part of a conserved region of yeast genome, proved incapable of intra-specific discrimination. This finding demonstrates that this marker may be useful in yeast taxonomy.


Closure system (8) for a beverage bottle, especially a champagne or wine bottle (1) with a crown cork (10), which is associated a cover cap (22), the enclosing a the crown cork (10) the cylinder jacket (23) and dimensioned such is flush, or that it at its circumferential edge (24) flush with the teeth (13) of the crown cork (10) slightly projects beyond this.


Molecular mechanisms that integrate lipid and glycogen metabolism are not well understood. In brown adipose tissue (BAT), cold exposure increases energy expenditure by increasing mitochondrial β‐oxidation of lipid droplet‐derived fatty acids. This process is suppressed by thioesterase superfamily member 1 (Them1), a fatty acyl‐CoA thioesterase that is also upregulated by cold ambient temperatures. Them1 limits thermogenesis by reducing the availability of fatty acid for β‐oxidation in mitochondria. Previous studies suggested that the effects of Them1 can be blocked by PKCβ‐mediated phosphorylation at S15, but the cellular mechanism remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that Them1 associates with glycogen and controls its 3‐D physical state in a phosphorylation‐dependent manner.


This thesis concerns the linking together of the challenges encountered in the economic evaluation of medical devices and credible ways of performing economic evaluation in such a scenario. Although the standard methods of estimating cost-effectiveness have gained widespread acceptance, there are concerns around the methods for conducting economic evaluation in the health technology assessment of devices. Currently, the lack of appropriate comparators and evidence generation (i.e. quantity and quality of the clinical and economic evidence) have been identified as the main challenges.


This Article is the Part 2 of the previous Paper on the water ingress event occurred at the CN252 site. The site which was temporarily stable after the emergency measures under-taken, still required complete sealing off of all water paths, drilled holes and soil strengthening below the excavation grade prior to work resume. Described in details herein, are the design considerations and grouting processes used; it covers the objectives and zoning of grouting, grout holes layout, grout depth of each zone, mixture of grouts, grouting pressure specified and sequence of work. To overcome the upheaval of king posts and struts due to injection of grout into the confined area, many modifications on grouting processes have been applied. Finally, laboratory tests results of drilled samples and still water tests in the grouted area proved that the grouting work is effective. The concluding remarks emphasize the invaluable experience achieved from the grouting work and the lessons learned from this event. The necessity of placing more weight onto the role of geotechnical engineers in deep excavation projects are also stressed.


To establish the level of the digital pulse from an analog signal after conversion system, it is required a digital modulation system with fast and reliable bit rate in every bit build digital stream. Delta modulation is the commonly sufficient technique to produce a long bit stream with a relatively low bit rate. However, one of its weaknesses is that analog input signals as reference signals require a large offset frequency then obtaining small dynamic range so that the resulting noise shape has not maximal; when its sample of rate (SOR) is raised, the floor noise level cannot be controlled. This research aims to study Delta Sigma Modulation concept that has been tested to suppress the noise floor and a good form noise shape while having a stable dynamic range. This basic research will emphasize the comparison of these two forms of digital modulation and their utilization in more effective for signal conversion systems. The results show comparison of noise transfer function (NTF) mean of Delta-Sigma Modulation power spectrum decreased to 10 dB below from Delta-Modulation. Validation of simulation results through frequency spectrum comparison shows that Delta-Sigma Modulation has better noise shaping where noise floor can be easily nulled at position around the desired data channel.


In order to restrain the load disturbance and improve the dynamic precision of diesel engine speed regulation system,a controller for diesel engine speed regulation system with H_∞ control theory was designed,which transfers the specifications of system into a standard H_∞ control problem.The computer simulation result showed that the H_∞ speed governor would improve the dynamic precision of system and the ability to restrain the load disturbance in case of considering system model uncertainty,which improves the frequency stability of ship power system.


A novel robust data fusion optic fiber proximity sensor technology that can measure the distance and orientation of object is presented.Via the sequentially working of multi emitting fibers,the methods of optic fiber sensor compensation network is carried out,the integration measuring of the distance and orientation achieved and enough redundancy information provided.


Wave-generated power has potential as a valuable coastal resource, but the wave climate needs to be mapped for feasibility before wave energy converters are installed. Numerical models are used for wave resource assessments to quantify the amount of available power and its seasonality. Alaska is the U.S. state with the longest coastline and has extensive wave resources, but it is affected by seasonal sea ice that dampens the wave energy and the full extent of this dampening is unknown. To accurately characterize the wave resource in regions that experience seasonal sea ice, coastal wave models must account for these effects. The aim of this study is to determine how the dampening effects of sea ice change wave energy resource assessments in the nearshore. Here, we show that by combining high-resolution sea ice imagery with a sea ice/wave dampening parameterization in an unstructured grid, the Simulating Waves Nearshore (SWAN) model improves wave height predictions and demonstrates the extent to which wave power decreases when sea ice is present. The sea ice parametrization decreases the bias and root mean square errors of wave height comparisons with two wave buoys and predicts a decrease in the wave power of up to 100 kW/m in areas around Prince William Sound, Alaska. The magnitude of the improvement of the model/buoy comparison depends on the coefficients used to parameterize the wave–ice interaction.


Health, illness and dis-ease are points on the experiential scale of well-being and occur in the presence as well as in the absence of identifiable pathologies. Health, illness and dis-ease in addition are influenced by many contextual factors of a person's life. As such it is not surprising that people require many different inputs into their health care, many of which are non-medical in nature. As yet though, these issues have at best been insufficiently taken into account in the overall planning and provision of care and of health service structures. This chapter will take a conceptual rather than a technical or social perspective towards exploring user-driven health care. It views user-driven health care as an emergent phenomenon in the context of a rapidly evolving web-based communication infrastructure. It highlights that knowledge has many dimensions each of which contributes unique insights to the understanding of health as a personal adaptive experiential state that needs to be distinguished from the health professionals preoccupation with pathologies. Information technologies increase connectivity between people and the sharing of knowledge and experiences narrows the 'gap between the expert in the pathology and the expert in the dis-ease' which finally may give people the power to shift the attractor of the health care system to the health needs of the people, resulting in truly people-centred health care reform.


This paper deals with a driving current fault monitor design methodology for a DDV actuation system which has a dual hydraulic power supply system, and triplex electric control capability. A fault existing among these redundant channels should be detected accurately and removed timely, and the remaining channels are to be reconfigured in order to compensate the role of a removed faulty channel. An integrated analysis on the aerodynamics, flight control laws, and DDV actuation system is essential for the design of an actuation system fault monitor. A method to define a fault transient boundary which specifies a maximum travel of an actuation system caused by the first faulty operation is proposed based on the top level requirement on the fault effect specified in MIL-F-8785C.


To the Editor, Bioflavonoids are a family of polyphenolic molecules found in a variety of plants and reportedly have significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Based on their chemical structure, flavonoids are broadly classified as flavones, isoflavones, flavanones, flavonols, flavan-3-ols (flavanols), and anthocyanins. Despite the difference in their chemical structure, the members of the flavonoid family share the same flavan nucleus. The recent interest in flavonoids for exploring their role in various chronic ailments is probably their antiinflammatory and anti-oxidative properties mediated through various target molecules. Various flavonoid-containing products are available and marketed for topical and oral use. Flavonoids available in natural sources are subject to variable bioavailability when taken orally. To increase its oral bioavailability and water solubility, companies have introduced these formulations as microcapsules, nanoparticles, liposomes, cyclodextrin, and phospholipid inclusion complexes.[1] Quercetin (3,3′,4′,5,7-pentahydroxyflavone) is a flavonol that is the most common flavonoid which has been investigated in various pathologies in human and animal studies [Figure 1]. Quercetin is a member of bioflavonoids and is found in red wine, green tea and onions. It possesses potent free oxygen scavenging, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. As an antioxidant, quercetin scavenges free radicals directly, chelates metal ions and inhibits lipid peroxidation. The antioxidant property demonstrated an increase if the concentration of quercetin used is more. Research has also demonstrated the anti-tumour properties of quercetin by preventing the cell cycle, promoting cell apoptosis and inhibiting angiogenesis.[2-4] Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy is a distressing condition that is difficult to manage. The use of quercetin provided favourable results in patients with platinum compounds and taxon-induced peripheral neuropathy in induced models and animal studies.[5] Several human and animal studies investigated the role of quercetin supplements in painful arthritis such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis successfully. The plausible mechanisms responsible are cyclo-oxygenase 2 inhibition, reduction of tumour necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β and17, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 levels.[6] The neuropathic pain associated with diabetic neuropathy is difficult to treat even with a combination of medications. Flavonoid compounds could be the next possible agent which could relieve the suffering of these patients incessantly suffering from excruciating pain. The regular use of flavonoids has been shown to decrease the reactive oxygen species level by increasing the level of antioxidative enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase and catalase in various tissues such as the liver, sciatic nerve and brain of experimental animals.[7]


Abstract A cyclic exchange between communities of mosses and the lichen Baeomyces rufus is described. The cushions of different mosses are supplanted by the lichen. After a lifespan of about 3 years the lichen dies off and the location is repossessed by mosses. The vegetative reproduction of the lichen is adapted to this ecological cycle.


We define a notion of curvature of functions for a Keahler manifold. 1 The Poisson brackets Let (M,ω, J) be a Kaehler manifold. The Poisson brackets of functions is defined as: {f, g} = ω(df, dg) It verifies the Jacobi identity: {f, {g, h}} = {{f, g}, h}+ {g, {f, h}} For Xf = df , we have the formula: [Xf , Xg ] = X{f,g} 2 The curvature of functions We define ∇fg: X∇f g = ∇ LC Xf Xg with ∇ the Levi-Civita connection. We have, due to the fact that the Levi-Civita connection is torsion free: ∇fg −∇gf = {f, g} Then, we define the curvature of functions: R(f, g)h = ∇f∇gh−∇g∇fh−∇{f,g}h References V.Guillemin, S.Sternberg, "Symplectic techniques in physics", Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1984.


Noncentrosymmetric superconductors possess, in general, order parameters of mixed parity, i.e., the Cooper pairing state consists of spin-singlet and spin-triplet pairing components. We show that this property has important implications for the NMR and other measurable quantities in the heavy Fermion superconductor ${\mathrm{CePt}}_{3}\mathrm{Si}$. The aspect of parity mixing explains the apparently contradicting observations of a Hebel-Slichter peak in the nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate ${T}_{1}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ and the presence of power law in the low-temperature behavior of certain physical quantities, indicating line nodes in the quasiparticle gap.


Our country' s juristic act law have features of both the Soviet and Japanese civil law.Defining the juristic law being licit act is the result of studying the Soviet Civil Law.The juristic act is the one that has a purpose setting up,modifying and destroying certain private legal relation,not the licit act.However,according to the class of the juristic fact,the juristic act is the licit act.


In a recent article, I discussed vocative uses of οὗτος in the works of Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides and Aristophanes, showing that there are two types of vocatives: 'calls', which are utterance-initial and directed at one whose attention is turned elsewhere, and 'addresses', which are non-initial, employed by a speaker who is already conversing with a hearer, and typically indicate a speaker's annoyance at the hearer. Menander uses οὗτος as a vocative in the same ways as the other dramatic poets, but there is one instance in Dyscolus that has been routinely misconstrued and merits clarification.


Since entering the new century,with the rapid development of science and technology and global integration process,the clinical medical education situation has changed dramatically,such as the internationalization of higher medical education,the popularization of higher education,diversity,etc.,especially the international medical education standards were enacted.The characteristics of the internationalization of medical education have become increasingly evident.How to adapt to the current new situation and adjust the training of clinical goals,knowledge structure,and clinical practice skills standards,localization of international standards to ensure the quality of clinical training is a major task of the local medical schools in China.This paper summarizes the innovation that had been made for students' clinical training in Guangxi Medical University over the past five years.The measures,including creating a teaching platform,improving teaching conditions,adjusting education standards,improving the teaching contents,innovating teaching methods,enacting new teaching regulations,etc.have been made.The new clinical skills training model has provided an experience for other local medical schools to cultivate the students with international medical education standards and qualified for clinical practice in the new era.


This paper presents rapid prototyping approach of control devices in mechatronics. The logic control device is considered as an embedded event-driven system. For modeling of the structure of such a system the paper proposes the use of a matrix representation of Petri nets. The dynamics are described by state-transition logic equations. The control concept for discrete event system resembles the conventional closed-loop concept of continuous and discrete time systems. The paper focuses on rapid logic control prototyping paradigm with Petri nets that is illustrated by the case study of a linear drive initialization procedure.


We have analyzed the stress build-up and vacancy dynamics due to material transport caused by electromigration in dual-damascene interconnect structures. Our model incorporates all relevant driving forces for material transport with a complete integration of mechanical stress in connection with microstructural aspects. First, it is shown that the addition of redundant vias can be effective in increasing the interconnect lifetime, although the spacing between the vias can have a significant impact on such an approach. Then, we discuss the importance of grain boundaries in providing triple point intersections, where the combination of high vacancy concentration and high stress is likely to cause void nucleation.


We are pleased to introduce the 2021 Frontiers in Oncology: Editor's Pick collection, showcasing articles stimulating interest in the field, carefully selected by our Field Chief Editor, Prof. Giuseppe Giaccone, of Weill Cornell Medicine. With this ebook we aim to highlight and disseminate important findings across the domains of cancer research, capturing the multidisciplinary and inclusive approach our journal takes towards advancing the field of oncology and supporting the global effort towards improved quality of life and patient survival. 2021 was a year which saw our highest journal impact factor yet, international community growth, and a record-breaking number of articles to choose from. We wish to elevate the contributions made by authors, encourage readership and innovation through our open-access philosophies, and thank our Editorial Board for their continued hard work and collaboration.


SUMMARY This article will focus on the research exploring the degree to which organizational integration of Employee Assistance, Work/Family and Wellness Programs has evolved since the early 1990s. The first study reviewed is the National Study of EAP and Work/Family Programs conducted in 1994 by Boston University's Center on Work and Family in which 100 of the top family friendly companies were inter viewed. Two major studies conducted under the guidance of the Employee Assistance Professional Association (EAPA) are then reviewed. The Phase I research conducted in 2001 was a large-scale survey of the professionals in fields of EAP and Work-life (N = 950). The Phase II research conducted in 2002 was comprised of two stages: A pilot study surveying vendors in the EAP and Work-life fields (N = 213) and a qualitative study consisting of in-depth interviews with vendors from all three professions (N = 79). The overall theme from this body of research is one of dramatically increasing movement and market demand for some form of collaboration/integration of service delivery. Finally, the chapter offers recommendations for further research regarding integration of services as well as implications for the professional fields.


The invention describes a method for directly contacting a remote station (5) by means of a field device (F1) having at least a first interface (1) for a communication network (3) and a second interface (2) for connection to a communication unit (4) wherein the field device (F1), an algorithm (6) implemented for processing and forwarding a communication request, comprising the steps of: Establishing a connection of the field device (F1) with the communication unit (4) by means of the second interface (2); Submit a communication request by a user; Processing and routing the communication request by the algorithm (6); and Establishing a connection between the field device (F1) and a receiving station (5) via the communication network (3); and a field device of the process and automation technology, which is suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention.


Stratification, dividing the statistical population into less heterogeneous subgroups before sampling, can help improve sampling efficiency by improving representativeness and reducing sampling error. This report explores the added sampling efficiency that is achieved by using the European Environmental stratification for estimating the area covered by the 25 Corine Land Cover (CLC) categories occurring in the semi-natural and managed terrestrial habitats of the wider-countryside. Although the dataset is not ideally suited to assess stratification efficiency for EBONE, the results give some encouragement. The analysis indicates that the pan-European stratification improves sampling efficiency for several land cover categories and performs similar to four more detailed national stratifications, supporting their use as a basis for designing a pan-European biodiversity observation network.


Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was crystallized from concentrated ammonium sulfate solution and cross-linked with glutaraldehyde to afford long-lived enzymatically active cross-linked crystals (LDH-CLC). The crystals were employed in an electrolytic cell for lactate production from pyruvate, in which the cathode consisted of a carbon electrode containing a coating of lipoamide dehydrogenase (LiDH) immobilized with methyl viologen under a Nafion membrane. This cell was more effective than a similar cell containing LDH in soluble form. An even greater improvement in performance was achieved by chemically binding a viologen derivative to the LiDH and using an electrode based on this modified enzyme in a cell containing LDH-CLC. The activity of the LDH-CLC is much less sensitive to pH than that of the soluble enzyme.


A recent editorial in Blood by Kyle' underscored the need for better prognostic factors for multiple myeloma. The conclusions regarding neopterin, alone and in combination with interleukin-6 (IL-6). deserve some comments: Neopterin is produced in strongly increased quantities by human rnonocyteshacrophages stimulated by interferon y 2 and is a sensitive indicator for the activation of the cellular immune system.' Besides being a valuable immune activation marker in, eg, infectious and autoimmune diseases and recipients of allografts, neopterin was shown to be an independent predictor of survival in various malignant diseases4 In a study on neopterin and IL-6 in patients with multiple myelomas we have found that there is a different information content associated with both analytes: both IL-6 and neopterin were significantly and positively correlated with tumor stage. The correlation was stronger for IL-6, in good accordance with its proven role as a major growth factor of plasma cells. When performing product-limit analyses of survival using, separately, IL-6 and neopterin as grouping factors, the effect of neopterin on patient survival expectation was more pronounced ( P = .oOOl, Mantel-Cox test) than that of IL-6 ( P = ,025). However, when other potential predictor variables were included into a multivariate model by Cox regression, the inclusion of tumor stage (P = ,0048, multivariate model) into the model prevented the inclusion of IL-6 ( P > . I O ) but not of neopterin (P = .0050). On the other hand, when combining IL-6 and neopterin in a bivariate model, both variables were included (IL-6, P = ,053; neopterin, P < .OOOl). We concluded from these data that IL-6 is a better indicator than neopterin of current tumor load and disease severity that is biologically reasonable because of the growth factor role of the cytokine. However, neopterin as a global measure of the overall status of the host cellular immune system is a better and, importantly, statistically independent predictor of long-term survival. Clearly, IL-6 and neopterin measure quite different aspects of the disease. We think that the addition of neopterin into the panel of candidate prognostic factors for multiple myeloma would be promising: it sheds light on aspects of the disease that are certainly of importance for survival but that are not well described by other predictor variables.


The spread of pop cultural productions out from one country across the world is the very expression of globalism. The significance of Japanese anime and manga in America is becoming increasingly apparent; that it is no longer simply a product for the Japanese market, for the exclusive consumption of its particular culture, means that it has placed itself within and recognized itself as part of that globalized world. On the one hand, the positioning of anime within the larger world has its advantages for its writers and the culture at large, by providing Japan a voice in that world. On the other hand, despite anime's spread across the world and the potential benefits of globalization, within the narratives of anime itself there persists a strain of anxiety and suspicion regarding the prospect of increased economic and cultural globalism. In anime's villainous multi-national corporations and its frequent depiction of a de-humanizing internet (Ghost in the Shell, Serial Experiments Lain), we see a fear that the integration of economy and the melding of culture threatens identity at the level of the individual and the nation. This essay analyzes the ambivalent representations (narratives and images) of globalism in literature (the novels of Haruki Murakami) and also more popular forms of culture such as anime; and it considers both in light of sociologist Niklas Luhmann's systems theory, in order to explore how these narratives articulate their anxiety about the impact of the global system on the individual and about the formation of identity in a global age.


The increasing concern about environmental issues, as well as the establishment of new regulations, has recently directed the attention of the scientific community to novel processes based on greener technologies. In many areas of industry, solvent mixtures accumulation occurs due to the hardness of recycling. The separation of these mixtures into the pure components is necessary so that they can be reused. However, most solvent mixtures contain azeotropes and thus, their separation by simple distillation becomes impossible. Extractive distillation is the separation process most widely used to remove one of the components in the azeotropic system. In this process, the addition of a new solvent (entrainer) is used to interact more favourably with one component of the original mixture altering their relative volatilities. This obvious advantage is constrained to the high energy costs necessary to achieve a fluid phase system. Within this context, liquid–liquid separation, based on the immiscibility between two liquid phases at room temperature, emerges as a beneficial alternative to reduce the energy consumption and the environmental impact. Ionic liquids (ILs) have become one of the growing "green" media for engineers not only due to their remarkable physicochemical properties but also for their recyclability. The most outstanding reason of interest in these neoteric solvents is their negligible vapor pressure at room temperature (Earle et al., 2006), which decreases the risk of worker exposure and the loss of solvent to the atmosphere. Moreover, ILs can be tailored for a specific application by accurately selecting the cation and the anion (Huddleston et al., 2001). This feature is very attractive for industry since fine-tuning of solvent properties permit the optimization of the chemical engineering needs in terms of efficiency and cost of the processes. During the last years, ILs have exhibited the ability to separate azeotropes including ethanol + water (Jork et al., 2004; Seiler et al., 2004), tetrahydrofuran (THF) + water (Jork et al., 2004; Seiler et al., 2004; Hu et al., 2006), benzene + heptane (Letcher & Deenadayalu, 2003; Gonzalez et al., 2009), ethyl acetate + ethanol (Zhang et al., 2008), and ethyl tert-butyl ether


A hotspot origin for the Samoan seamount chain predicts that the edifices become older to the west. Measurements of the amount of oceanic lithosphere subsidence and thickness of sediment cover on edifices along the seamount chain west of the Samoan Islands generally supports this hotspot model. This simple age progression, however, is complicated by older volcanism lying along the Tuvalu chain and possibly another volcanic trend that is currently poorly defined. Except for the Tuvalu-related edifices, the entire seamount chain is post-Cretaceous based on the flexural response of the Cretaceous Pacific plate and radiometric dating of four of the edifices. Large-offset normal faults between Nukulaelae Island and the Samoan seamount chain indicate major intra¬ plate deformation of the Pacific Plate.


The nucleus-nucleus cross sections(σNN)include the proton-proton cross section,neutron-neutron cross section,and neutron-proton cross section.σNN change with the variations of the incident energies and the densities.Some parameterizations of σNN as a function of incident energy and density have been proposed in the theoretical and experimental study of nuclear reactions.Through the calculation of reaction cross sections of 12C+12C at different energies,the effect of different σNN parameterizations in the reaction cross sections of 12are studied.


Dodecavanadate rings of trans-edge-sharing VO5 square pyramids capped on each side by a square-shaped [B16O32(OH)4]20- polyborate unit form doughnut-shaped [V12B32O76(OH)8]12- clusters in the unprecedented polyoxovanadium borate compound (H3O)12[(VO)12{B16O32(OH)4}2]·28H2O (1). The [V12B18O76- (OH)8]12- clusters in 1 are held together in an elaborate hydrogen-bonded network which results in pseudo-one-dimensional water-filled tunnels along all three crystallographic directions.


This Saturday (29 August 2015), Bilton Working Mens Club are staging their first ever outdoor music festival - the imaginatively-titled Biltonbury! ...


. An edible palm oil processing industries produces an economical by-product or waste of palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD). Many researchers have put an e ff ort to utilize uneconomical PFAD to producevaluable,versatileandhigh-endproducts.Inthiswork,polyolesterofgreenbiolubricantbase oil was synthesized through the esterification of unsaturated palm fatty acid distillate (USFA PFAD) with polyhydric alcohol, trimethylolpropane (TMP) in the occurrence of sulphuric acid catalyst. The optimization process was conducted by using D-optimal design of the response surface methodology (RSM). The results showed that the highest yield percentage of resultant polyol ester, USFA-TMP ester was obtained at 96.0 ± 0.5% with 99.9 ± 0.9% of tri-ester selectivity. These were obtained at the esterification optimal condition at reaction temperature of 150 °C for 6 h with 5% H 2 SO 4 . The polyol ester chemical structure was characterized by using spectroscopy analysis techniques of infrared (FTIR), proton ( 1 H) and carbon ( 13 C) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The resultant USFA-TMP ester recorded viscosity index of 163, pour points at − 45 °C, flash points at 298 °C, and thermal oxidative stability temperatures at 215 °C. I was found that the ester product as a Newtonian fluid with viscosity grade lubricant ISO VG 46. In overall, the resultant polyol ester has shown good lubrication properties that make it conceivable to be used for many industrial green biolubricant applications.