This paper examines the impact of retail store closures on omnichannel sales and consumer shopping behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic. To explain the likelihood of store closure, we develop a novel instrumental variable motivated by the varying geopolitical response across the US to the pandemic. Using data from a luxury fashion retailer, we find that when a store is closed, the volume of online orders originating from its location increases by 29%. Furthermore, omnichannel total sales (offline + online) decrease by 5.5% if the retailer closes 10% of the stores. We find that the online channel enables the retailer to salvage 25% of the offline sales that would have been lost due to store closure. We also show that new e-shoppers exhibit different online behaviors as compared to existing e-shoppers. First, they are more likely to order popular product models to mitigate the higher mismatch risk they face. The likelihood of ordering a popular model is 72% for a new e-shopper, whereas it is 45% for an existing online consumer. Second, the conservative behavior of favoring popular models negatively affects the likelihood of a return by new e-shoppers.


Citizenship Education has been implemented in Spain as a compulsory subject in the national curricula. The issue has produced great disturbance in Spanish society due to its aims concerning children morals. The author of this article analyses the philosophical conception that is at the bottom of Citizenship Education, and also in the Spanish education system. The author considers that we are not before a mere pedagogical question, but before a certain concept of the State and of the person in which there is little space for freedom.


If your company hasn't yet put a plan in place to transition from its current ownership and leadership to the next generation, now is the time to start. When planning to offer key employees company stock, business consultants and engineering executives alike say that early planning is the critical. Stock can encourage your best performers to continue to innovate while keeping an eye on the bottom line, but it can take time for engineers to understand that the company is primarily involved in making money. Other challenges that such large companies as Thornton-Thomasetti, Parsons Brinckerhoff, Walter P. Moore, and others have faced include choosing the right candidates for stock purchases, helping them pay for it, and teaching them the responsibility—and limits—of becoming a stock owner.


The present invention provides a method of providing 3D caption data in the digital receiver and method for processing 3D caption data in a digital receiver according to the present invention is used. According to one aspect of the present invention is a method for transmitting broadcast signals for a 3D service comprises the steps of: encoding comprises 3D caption service 3D video ES; generating a signaling 3D video ES encoded 3D video services comprising signaling information; and transmitting a digital broadcasting signal including 3D video service and signaling information, wherein the 3D caption service comprises a visual difference between the first command code indicating caption window for generating a left subtitle data of a second command code, based on the first command code and the second instruction code to generate the right subtitle data.


The modern people are more increasingly cherishing individual value and desiring higher popular culture and quality of life. Due to this increasing desire, various cultural activities are being considered important. Accordingly, the modern people have formed complex cultural spaces combining various cultural functions including shopping, exhibition, and experience. As the spatial design area is combined with various fields, complex cultural spaces utilizing abandoned industrial facilities are being highlighted. Thus, the purpose of this study is, based on the analysis on the characteristics of convergence design, to propose a measure to use convergence design for complex cultural spaces utilizing abandoned industrial facilities. The study results can be summarized as below. First, complex cultural spaces utilizing abandoned industrial facilities, not like general complex cultural spaces, were found to be re-created as new spaces partially reflecting the history and features of the existing building through remodeling of abandoned plants. Second, as a result of examining the characteristics of convergence design for complex cultural spaces utilizing abandoned industrial facilities, elements of diversity, continuity, relationship, complementarity, and experience could be derived. Third, in complex cultural spaces utilizing abandoned industrial facilities, depending on their major functions, relationship, diversity, and experience were emphasized in the commercial space, exhibition space, and experience/education space, respectively. The results are expected to help more studies examine complex cultural spaces utilizing domestic abandoned industrial facilities based on the characteristics of convergence design.


The A. reports the case of a man, forty years old, who had Congenital Brevicollis. At this age it manifests itself tetraparesy, flaccid in the superior limbs and spastic in the inferior ones. Ascending myelography with Lipiodol reveals blockage at the seventh thoracic vertebra. Death by bulbar accident. The A. suggests the coexistence of Brevicollis and intravertebral tumor, concomitance not yet described among the nervous syndromes associated with Klippel-Feil's. He studies the morphogenesis of vertebral column in order to demonstrate that the synostosis of vertebrae processes itself in a very early period of developement of the column. He tries to affiliate Congenital Brevicollis to the group of troubles in the morphogenesis of nervous system (encephalo-myelodysplasias).


ONE of Jan Drake's happy innovations as editor of Genetics was to initiate the publication of an essay, entitled Perspectives , at the beginning of each issue. His idea was embodied in the subtitle "Anecdotal, Historical and Critical Commentaries on Genetics." In the summer of 1986, he tracked


In this work, under an optimal amount (0.03 mol%) of doped Sn4+ ions, a series of Sn4+/TiO2 fiber nanomaterials with different distribution depths of Sn4+ ions were smartly prepared via...


This study discusses the analysis of deixis eksofora and endofora in the Jawa Pos Opinion column, March 29, 2017 edition. Researcher used qualitative methods with the object of research entitled Surrender or Cheating Type by Azrul Ananda. This study uses data documentation collection techniques in the network accessed on April 19, 2017 through Jawa Pos Online page. Data analysis technique used consists of four stages, including data collection phase, data reduction phase, data presentation phase, and conclusion withdrawal phase. The results show that Azrul Ananda in March 29, 2017 edition Opini column exploits the ecotoxid deixis persona, time, and space. The author Azrul Ananda also used the deoption of anaphoric endofora persona or not persona, but did not use the deoption endofora katafora persona or not persona.

Keywords: Deixis, Opini column, Jawa Pos


Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC), formally known as right ventricular dysplasia, is an inherited cardiomyopathy in which the right ventricle (RV) myocardium is replaced by fibro-fatty infiltrate.


Social animals, like humans, need to interact with others, but this is not always possible. When genuine social interaction is lacking, individuals may seek out or use sources of interaction that co-opt agency detection mechanisms vis-à-vis the human voice and images of people, called social snacking. Study 1 (N = 240) found that ratings of how alone participants felt were correlated with frequency of talking to themselves and using the TV for company. Study 2 (N = 66) was a daily diary study where loneliness was correlated with both Study 1 behaviors and singing to oneself. These solutions essentially trick the person's brain into feeling like they are socially interacting, thus, appeasing the relative dependence humans have on social interaction. Social snacking may satisfy one's need for social interaction because humans are unlikely to be able to differentiate between virtual and real people because this distinction did not exist in ancestral environments.


ANISA OCTAVIANA LARASATI J 310 171 079
DIFFERENCES IN FRUIT AND VEGETABLE INTAKE BETWEEN
ADOLESCENT ANEMIC AND NON ANEMIC GIRLS IN SURAKARTA
Introduction : WHO (World Health Organization) notes that as many as 1.62
billion people (24,8%) of the world's population have anemia, for the prevalence of
school-age children of 305 millon children (25,4%) (who, 2008)., while the
prevalnce of anemia in Indonesia of school-age children; aged 5-14 years is
26,4%. Anemic child will interfere with cognitive and psychomotor development.
One of the causes of anemia is lack of intake of vitamin C and vitamin A which are
mostly contained in vegetables and fruits, while the prevalence of consumption of
fruits and vegetables according to SDT at the age of 5-12 years is an average of
26 grams per day.
Objective : Researchers aimed to examine differences in furit and vegetable
intake as well differences in intake of vitamin C and vitamin A from fruits and
vegetables between anemic and non-anemic teenage girls.
Research Methodology : This study used a cross sectional design, consisting of
39 anemia respondents and 41 non-anemia respondents. Hemoglobin levels were
obtained using cyanmethemoglobin, fruit and vegetable intake data using semiquantitative
FFQ then tested using Mann Whitney, while vitamin C and vitamin A
intake data using semi-quantitative FFQ were then tested using Independent
Sample.
Results : Data processed using SPSS ahowed differences in fruit and vegetable
intake between anemia and non-anemia adolescent girls (p = 0,03). There was a
differences in vitamin C intake between anemia and non-anemia adolescent girls
(p = 0,02). There was a difference in vitamin A intake between anemia and nonanemia
adolescent girls (p = 0,24).
Conclusions and Recommendations : There are differences in the intake of
vegetables and fruits, vitamin C, and vitamin A between anemia and non-anemia
young women in Surakarta. Researchers hope that students increase fruit and
vegetable intake.
Keywords : Anemia, intake of fruits and vegetables, vitamin C, vitamin A
Literature : 45: 1999-2018


Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence is a cross-field process relevant to many systems. A prerequisite for understanding these systems is to constrain the role of MHD turbulence, and in particular the energy exchange between kinetic and magnetic forms. The energetics of strongly magnetized and compressible turbulence has so far resisted attempts to understand them. Numerical simulations reveal that kinetic energy can be orders of magnitude larger than fluctuating magnetic energy. We solve this lack-of-balance puzzle by calculating the energetics of compressible and sub-Alfv\'enic turbulence based on the dynamics of coherent cylindrical fluid parcels. Using the MHD Lagrangian, we prove analytically that the bulk of the magnetic energy transferred to kinetic is the energy stored in the coupling between the ordered and fluctuating magnetic field. The analytical relations are in striking agreement with numerical data, up to second order terms.


Additive manufacturing (AM) is an immature manufacturing technology which is often considered to have the potential of disrupting the manufacturing industry and many industrial companies are curren ...


*Correspondence: Angel Cueva-Parra E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Available online: 04-04-2023 Arch Cardiol Mex. 2023;93(2):240-242 www.archivoscardiologia.com Date of reception: 29-08-2021 Date of acceptance: 18-04-2022 DOI: 10.24875/ACM.21000279 Right bundle branch block (RBBB) is a very common electrocardiographic feature in patients with Ebstein anomaly (EA) and it is present in more than 94% of these patients1. We present the case of a 33-year-old woman who was admitted to the emergency room with palpitations, with BP 95/55 mmHg and HR 155 bpm, her heart rhythm was irregular and she had a systolic murmur in the tricuspid focus. In the electrocardiogram (ECG), there was an irregular wide QRS tachycardia, which was negative in leads V1 and DIII, compatible with preexcited AF by a right postero-septal accessory pathway (AP) (Fig. 1). Electrical cardioversion was performed going into sinus rhythm with intermittent RBBB (Fig. 2). The echocardiogram revealed findings consistent with EA with a tricuspid septal leaflet attachment index of 10 mm/m2 (Fig. 3). The patient was discharged with propafenone 150 mg QID pending ablation. In 2006, Iturralde et al. reported that the absence of RBBB in patients with EA is strongly associated with the presence of an AP2, this is explained because anterograde conduction through a right AP during sinus rhythm masked RBBB. In this case, the preexcitation appeared only in some QRS complexes, causing the RBBB to be masked when it was present; therefore, it is not an alternating RBBB itself, but rather an intermittent preexcitation. In these patients, the pre-excitation pattern is


The basic principle and the classification of nano,film solar cells were introduced.The advantage and disadvantage were compared between the nano,film solar cells and the traditional solid,state solar cells,it is concluded that the nano,film solar cells will have broad application and good aspect due to the low cost,simple fabrication process,high photon absorb efficiency and so on.


Fiber optic gyro development began, approximately ten years ago with Vali and Shorthill1. Progress has been rapid over these years due to the efforts of a large number of scientists and engineers around the world. Optical noise sources have been identified and reduced. Noise performance of present day fiber gyros is essentially set by shot noise or electronics noise. Many sources of optical bias errors have also been identified and reduced. Currently, scale factor errors, packaging, and environmental ruggedness are being addressed along with cost, reliability, and production issues to turn the fiber gyro from a labora-tory instrument into a product.


This tutorial will provide an in-depth look at the experiments, jointly carried out by KantanMT and eBay during 2018, to determine which Neural Model delivers the best translation performance for eBay Customer Service content. It will lay out the timeline, process and mechanisms used to customise Neural MT models and how these were used in conjunction with Human Based evaluations to determine which approach to Neural MT provided the best translation outcomes. The tutorial will cover the following topics and methods: - Structural differences in Neural Networks and how they assist the language decoding process – RNN, CNN and TNN will be covered in detailed. - Customisation of Neural MT using the KantanMT Platform - Using MQM Framework for the evaluation and comparison of Translation Outputs and comparison to Human Translation - Collation and analysis of experimental findings in reaching our decision to standardise on Transformer type networks. Participants of the tutorial will get a clear understanding of Neural Model types and the differences, it will also cover how to customise these models and then how to set up a controlled experiment to determine translation performance.


Objective:To study the effect of the moxibustion in preventing phlebitis resulting from venour transfusion of superficial INTIMA.Methods:116 Cases of patients with superficial vein catheter transfusion were randomly divided into two groups.Experimental group use moxibustion while control group not use any preventing nursing way.Results:The rate of phlebitis two group were significant at 6.67%,42.86% respectively(P0.01).Conclusion:Moxibusion is effective in preventing phlebitis.Moxibustion can reduce rate of phlebitis and prolong using time of superficial vein INTIMA needle cathter transfusion.So can increase the efficiency and decrease the pain and economic burden of the patients.


1 , Ursula STĂNESCU 3 Abstract: The present paper ia a comparative chemical study of the Galium verum L. and Galium album Mill. Species used in folk medicine. With the help of some modern investigational methods and techniques as spectrophotometry, thin layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography, we analyzed the iridiodic, flavonoidic and polyphenolcarboxylic acid fractions existing in the two Galium L. species. The vegetal material that was analyzed was made up of the aerial parts prelevated from individuals belonging to natural population from the north-eastern part of Moldavia. In the study we noticed the existence of some quantitative differences regarding the the polyphenolic components identified in the extracts of Galium verum L. and Galium album Mill., as well as that of intrspecific variability, in the respect that the yellow fairies contain bioactive secondary metabolites in higher quantities than in case of the white fairies.


This paper systematically explores the controls on the preferred orientation of clay minerals. Fabric development in mudstones occurs as a result of mechanical consolidation and mineral reactions. The magnitude of the effect of these actions on fabric is variable across temperature/depth space. It is possible to be partly predictive concerning fabric development when some geological information is available. This has implications for predictive modeling, e.g. permeability anisotropy in basin modeling packages, velocity modeling in seismic inversion.


This paper reports the endeavours of the Working Group assigned to develop guidelines for interventions to reduce stigma. The group was comprised of academics and experienced field personnel, all of whom had either investigated stigma, implemented actions to address stigma, and/or had experienced stigma. The group's mandate was to develop an intervention to reduce the stigma of leprosy, but while accepting that there are commonalities relating to stigma that cut across different health conditions, it was hoped that a generic intervention might be developed. This goal proved to be unattainable in the time given: condition-specific peculiarities and the diversity of cultural contexts presented significant challenges. The group agreed, however, that a considerable body of theory and expert opinion does exist, and that general strategies might be developed from this. The Working Group discussed a systematic review of such material. It also discussed other material that was considered to be important but had not met the criteria for the systematic review. One conclusion of the group's deliberations was that a "Stigma Intervention Matrix" could be a useful guide for cross-checking the development of situation-specific stigma interventions. The Stigma Intervention Matrix is presented in this paper. DOI: 10.5463/dcid.v22i3.72


Based on RBF neural network, the synchronization and different-structure synchronization of chaotic systems in the presence of perturbation are studied. The proposed method can overcome effectively the disruption of perturbation, and make the chaotic systems keep synchronous well. At last, Lorenz system is used to vertify the effectiveness of proposed method, and the simulation results confirm it.


There has been an increasing need for analytical methods of dissolved total iron (tFe) that are highly sensitive, rapid, inexpensive and simple for environmental samples. A sensitive flow injection analysis (FIA) method for determining the concentration of tFe in environmental samples was developed. The proposed method required 10 minutes and only 500 μ L of sample for and analysis. The standard deviation was 5.0% at 0.5 ㎍L-¹ (n=6), and the detection limit was 0.075 ㎍L-¹ . The developed method was applied to environmental samples such as tap water, mineral water, rain, snow and cloud water. Since this FIA system was free form interferences of coexisting ions commonly found in samples, sub- ㎍L-¹ level of tFe could be easily determined without further preconcentration and separation.


: The Finnish farmhouse ale sahti is unique in that it is fermented with baking, rather than brewing strains of Saccharomyces cerevisae . The custom of maintaining farmhouse yeast cultures is however no longer practiced in Finland, and much yeast derived diversity in sahti beers has presumably been lost as a consequence. Here, the brewing potential of a number of sourdough derived strains was tested with respect to a number of different fermentation traits. Seven strains originally isolated from Finnish or Italian sourdough cultures were used to ferment high gravity sahti wort (20°P), and fermentation performance together with production of volatile compounds were assessed and compared with a reference baking yeast. Strains differed in terms of fermentation rate, yield, yeast viability and beer flavour profile. All were maltotriose positive, but utilisation varied so that alcohol yield could be greater or lower than that of the reference strain, with values ranging from 6.6 to 7.9% (v/v). Production of aroma compounds was also variable so that it was possible to identify strains producing high levels of esters and those with lower production, which could be used to emphasise flavours originating from raw materials. All strains generated 4-vinyl guaiacol and so would be suitable for other beers where this is a part of the normal flavour profile. Results suggest that sour-dough isolates of S. cerevisiae are suitable for sahti production, but could also be applied to other beer styles as a way to differentiate products. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of the Institute of Brewing published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Institute of Brewing & Distilling Additional supporting information may be found online in the Supporting Information section at the end of the article.


FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: invention refers to medicine and may be used for the shear material collection in a collector chamber. An atherectomy catheter comprises guides for separated particles. The particles are separated by a shearing element within a blood vessel. After separation, the particles are supplied to the collector chamber. EFFECT: higher efficacy. 17 cl, 10 dwg


Profitability of vegetable especially muskmelon production in Bihar is limited by a short season. Therefore, most growers' plant and harvest at the same time, which drives prices down (sometimes below breakeven point) negatively affecting income. The goal of this study was to investigate poly tunnel technology as a means to improve International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 8 Number 01 (2019) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


The following case report describes recurrent radial head dislocation following surgery for a radial shaft fracture. This is the first case to document iatrogenic radial head dislocation following treatment for a radial shaft fracture as far as we are aware.


This paper presents electrical methods used to measure and analyze the operation of ESD protection circuits built into every lead of an Integrated Circuit (IC). These circuits clamp voltage threats to sensitive core circuits which enter through each connections to the outside world. Representative samples of each IC are tested for their ESD immunity level to insure a minimum level of protection. Different standards specify electrical waveform parameters which simulate voltage levels, source impedances, and waveforms from different ESD source threats. ESD testing identifies immunity levels on IC's by a simple pass or fail result; but provides no additional data on the failure cause. ESD occurs when a charge that is stored in a capacitive element, discharges into a pin (or lead/ball) of an integrated circuit. There are a number of fundamentally different ESD threats to core circuits. The two basic threats are Human Body Model (HBM) which lasts 150 nanoseconds and the Charged Device Model (CDM) which lasts only a nanosecond or two. ESD protection circuits clamp ESD voltages to an acceptable level and shunt their current to ground. To protect core IC operating circuits, the voltage clamping circuit must turn on at a voltage slightly above that of the signal/data level. ESD protection circuits are located at the outer edges of an IC chip where its leads connect to the outside world. They are placed at the bond pad or directly under it to save expensive silicon surface space. Their only purpose is to protect the operating core circuits by clamping the ESD voltage to harmless levels, and shunting the ESD current harmlessly to ground.


Hosanna Snack is one company that is engaged in the manufacture of bread and snacks. To run this company's production process must provide sucient feedstock in terms of both quality and quantity. Therefore companies need to do planning and control of raw material is good. One way of analyzing the stock is by using the method of Just In Time. The purpose of this study was to determine what aspects that support the implementation of Just In Time, and to nd some cost savings that occur at Hosanna Snack after the implementation of Just In Time method. The data used in the form of xed variables such as number of inventories of raw materials per month in 2010, booking fees and storage costs. Just In Time order method can be applied within the company, these companies have to make corrections in terms of inventory, the number of suppliers, lot size purchases, labor and layout (layout). By applying the method of Just In Time company can save raw material ordering cost USD 2.42 million, the cost of storage of raw materials are removed and the cost per unit of product is Rp 5091. From the above analysis can not apply the Hosanna Snack Just In Time method in the production process as a whole, which can only be applied only in terms of plant layout because it follows the principle of Just In Time.


A BSTRACT Silicon micro-strip detector has high spatial resolution and good stability. It is widely used in the field of high energy particle detection in space, e.g. Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (FGST) and Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer 2 (AMS-02) mission. They both used silicon micro-strip detector as tracker. Considering the perspective of silicon micro-strip detector in astronomical field, a low-noise electronic system was designed for its signals' readout in this paper. The electronic readout system consists of three parts: front-end electronics, data acquisition circuit, and host computer software. In order to implement a high integrated system, a charge measurement chip VATAGP8 with multi-channel and low-noise is adopted in the front-end electronics. The data acquisition circuit with the help of field programmable gate array (FPGA) realizes the timing control and the signal acquisition for front-end electronics. The host computer software is responsible for receiving and processing the data collected by the data acquisition circuit. We finished electronic performance test for the system. The gain of charge measurement is about 13.41 bin/fC in its dynamic range of 0–200 fC. The integral non-linearity is less than 1%, and the noise of pedestal is less than 0.093 fC. Furthermore, for verifying the performance of the detector system, a silicon micro-strip sensor was integrated to the readout electronics. We tested the response of the cosmic ray Muon's energy deposited in silicon micro-strip detector. It shows that the signal-to-noise (signal peak of energy deposited vs pedestal's noise) ratio of the detector system is more than 32. The spectrum of ionization energy loss of Muon is well matched to the Landau-Gaussian distribution. The electronic readout system can meet the requirements of the silicon micro-strip detector


The importance of environmental sustainability initiatives (ESI) for engineering and supply chain management practice and research is undeniable. However, despite the widespread attention to this domain, investigations in the effects of ESI on performance have been ambiguous and led to contradicting results, calling for the examination of contingencies influencing the relationship. This study works to bring insight and clarity into this debate by a comparative analysis of ESI among efficient and inefficient plants in Europe and the U.S. Specifically, using a sample of 402 plants located in Europe and the U.S., we study the impact of an explicit set of ESI (recycling, waste reduction, pollution prevention, ISO 14000 certification) on plant efficiency, an important performance measure which is, however, rarely considered. Basing our rationale on the resource-based view of the firm, we suggest that plants more heavily engaged in ESI are also characterized by a greater level of efficiency. We test this contention in both European and U.S. plants. Extending this cross-national comparison, we further study whether the emphasis on ESI differs in the two country groups. Relying on institutional theory, we suggest that the pursuit of ESI is enhanced among European plants, compared to their U.S. counterparts. Our findings and conclusions draw attention to the importance of contingencies to be considered and bring light to the seemingly contradictory findings in prior research. Important implications for engineering and supply chain management practice and research are highlighted.


FDI is an investment from the international organizations and individual investors in the host countries to acquire the control on the invested firms and return. In theory, FDI stimulates economic development and improve the well-being of societies. The objectives of this study are to determine the effect of economic growth, inflation, exchange rate, interest rate and financial development on FDI inflows in 26 Asian countries for the duration of 16 years (2000 to 2015). The dependent variable is the FDI net inflows meanwhile the independent variables are economic growth, inflation, exchange rate, interest rate and financial development. This study finds a positive link between financial development and FDI inflows in the 26 Asian countries. This implies that a sound financial development would allow easier accessibility to the international financial market and thereby attract more foreign investors in the domestic financial system, hence improves the FDI inflows in the host country. Moreover, inflation has found to accelerate the FDI inflows while higher economic growth dampens the level of international funds flowing into the host countries. In addition, this study discovers that exchange rate and interest rate are not significant in influencing the inflows of FDI. Thus, this study will assist the policy makers in improving and monitoring the current regulations on the FDI inflows.


We calculate the superconducting critical temperatures of Mo-V superlattices using an extension of Werthamer's proximity-effect theory. We find a strong discrepancy with experiment for short modulation wavelength \ensuremath{\Lambda}, \ensuremath{\Lambda}l70 A\r{}, for which the calculated values do not reproduce the anomalous sharp drop observed experimentally. Using a structural model coupled with an analysis of low- and high-angle x-ray diffractograms allows us to determine the strains throughout the multilayers and the density of the misfit dislocations at the interfaces. This structural information is strongly correlated to the anomaly observed both in the superconducting critical temperature and in the residual resistivity ratio. The ${T}_{c}$ anomaly reflects a transition from incoherent to partially coherent growth as \ensuremath{\Lambda} decreases below 70 A\r{}. In this region where experimental and calculated ${T}_{c}$ values diverge, we show that the multilayers are strained, thus providing evidence for the crucial role played by epitaxial growth on the electronic properties.


The aim of this study is to find out what the problem of space and place shows in the case of Lee, Young-ak's poems. The poetic discourses expressed by the author are the signs specified by the poet's desire. Therefore this study is to keep an eye on the image of 'family', 'hometown', 'street', 'room' etc. 'House' or 'hometown' of his poems is the place that the 'Poetic I' cannot be really relaxed in the space. He cannot but wandering, not staying in only one place. Because he lives in the time of 'Placelessness'. Placelessness means the time that the space of 'family' and 'hometown' is collapsed because of the devastation of the communal life. Since 'Poetic I' dreams the archetypal space of the family, he wanders in the space of absence and loss. The reason of wandering is because he has the strongest desire of the archetypal space that he would like to be comfortable. The poetic space of his poems can be moved and broadened to 'street' or 'room' beyond 'house' and 'hometown'. He shows 'street' by the place of fighting to improve the present uncomfortable life. When his attempt on the 'street' is very hard, he moves the poetic space into 'room'. By menas of the 'room', he recollect the archetypal space and tries to change his life through 'mirror' in the room. Therefore we can understand that he tried to consistently find the identification of space and place in the time of 'placelessness'.


Neuroblastoma (NB) metastasized into the mandible and spinal extradural region was rarely reported. We present a case with metastatic NB to the mandible and the spinal extradural regions. The patient received chemotherapy using NB 97 regimen and was tumor free after 8 months, but 9months after the treatment, the patient presented with lower limb paralysis and persistent pain in maxillofacial region as well as swelling in the left mandibular area. Metastasis to the mandible and the spinal extradural regions was diagnosed based on the spinal and maxillofacial magnetic resonance imaging. Radiotherapy with a density of 2Gy per day was given via a linear accelerator. The total dose of the intraspinal occupying lesion was subject to radiotherapy with a regimen of 30 Gy (10 fractions). For the management of the maxillofacial pain, tumor in the maxillofacial region was subject to a density of 50 Gy (25 fractions). The maxillofacial pain disappeared after a density of 10Gy and soft tissue tumefaction was eliminated after a density of 50 Gy, and the maxillofacial appearance was much better than before. Finally, the patient died from tumor progression 2years after diagnosis for NB. Abbreviations: CT = computed tomography, INRG = International Neuroblastoma Risk Group, INSS = International Neuroblastoma Staging System, MRI = magnetic resonance imaging, NB = neuroblastoma.


This article outlines the Australian policy context that indicates the emergence of relationship violence as a topical issue, and the reasons why we might expect a hostile reaction whenever violence in relationships (particularly sexual violence) makes its way onto the public agenda. It then revisits America's 'date rape' debate of the late 1980s and early 1990s, and critically evaluates the aggressive response that emerged in that country against research indicating higher rates of rape in dating relationships than the media and general public were willing or able to accept.


Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of lifelong immune-mediated diseases, including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. IBD is traditionally treated with drugs, including 5-aminosalicyl...


Objective To ensure the effectiveness of clinical medication,detecting the anti-inflammatory action of traditional Chinese medicine Gu Chi local slow release delivery agent.Methods Hypodermic injecting 10% albumen into mouse toe,Periocline、 traditional Chinese medicine Gu Chi local slow release delivery agent(20%、10%、5% V/V、0.05 mL/20 g) and distillec water were applied.Drug was washed-out by distillec water after 1 hour.Animals were executed after 15 inutes.Inhibition ratio of engorge was calculated.Results Traditional Chinese medicine Gu Chi local slow release delivery agent(20%) has the effectiveness of abaissementing engorge,Periocline has the same effectiveness.Conclusion The praeparatum has the effectiveness of antiinflammatory.


Despite the increasing interest in the concept of brand loyalty, brand awareness, brand image, and brand competitiveness in a restaurant setting and its operational aspects, there has been very little research looking at the association of brands with hotel restaurant setting in particular. In this sense, the influence of hotel restaurant walk-in customer brand personality on their post behaviour intention has not yet holistically been investigated. With this gap, the present study empirically investigated the causal relationship between the five-star, walk-in customer brand personality and their post-purchase behaviour. In achieving the outcomes, a causal research design using a quantitative approach was used, and the walk-in customers who were patronage of the selected fivestar hotel restaurants in the Klang Valley were chosen as the sample for this study. Through drop-off and collect approach adopted for the administration, 482 usable questionnaires were successfully collected. The results revealed that customer brand personality has a strong influence on the walk-in customer as well as the post-purchase behaviour intention.


The invention relates to a large jacquard fabric formed by interweaving solvent spinning cellulosic fiber blended yarns serving as warp yarns and other cellulosic fibers or blended yarns and a manufacturing method thereof. 50s dyeing tencel/cotton blended yarns are adopted for the warp yarns of the fabric, and 40s-60s dyeing spun rayon, modal fiber yarns and other regenerated cellulose fiber yarns or 50s dyeing tencel/cotton blended yarns are adopted for weft yarns. The fabric is smooth, clean, fine and closely woven in cloth cover and bright in color, and not only has hygroscopicity, air and water vapor permeability and soft hand feeling of natural fibers, but also has good washing resistance and durability.


Stress occurs in every occupation and walk of life. Dental practices and staff nowadays face more demands than ever before. Catherine de Nyary explains how stress should not be ignored and what measures can be taken to produce the perfect 'anti-stress cocktail' for effective working.


We firstly establish an autoencoder-based optical wireless communication (OWC) system model superior over conventional 4/16 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) modulation format over long-distance atmospheric turbulence multipath fading channel with index of bit error ratio (BER).


Kanhua(看話, Kor. Kanhwa) meditation has become the representative philosophy in Korean Buddhism after the eminent Korean Zen master Chinul adopted it...


The recent rapid growth in thermal recovery has been due principally to publicity about exceptional production increases from cyclic injection of steam. As a result of investing some $150-200 million in steam projects, the industry is currently producing an estimated additional 120,000 bopd. Investment in firefloods has been much smaller, perhaps $11 million not including cost of research. Although substantial from a company standpoint total thermal-derived production is less than 1.5% of total daily U.S. production, and the investment in it is small compared to total industry expenditures. This article interprets results of current recovery work and attempts to place each technique in its proper perspective. Also included is a prediction of future trends in thermal activity.


SPECIAL FEATURE STATEMENT ON BEHALF OF THE NAACP LEGAL DEFENSE AND EDUCATIONAL FUND, INC. BEFORE THE HOUSE SUBCOMMITTEE ON EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES Patrick 0. Patterson* I. INTRODUCTION Mr. Chairman and Members of the Committee: Thank you for the invitation to testify on the important questions that have been raised by recent statements and proposals made by members of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). My name is Patrick 0. Patterson. I am an Acting Professor of Law at the University of California at Los Angeles, where I teach courses in a number of subjects, including em- ployment discrimination law. Prior to my appointment to the UCLA faculty, I was employed as Assistant Counsel to the NAACP Legal Defense and Edu- cational Fund, Inc. (Legal Defense Fund or LDF), where I specialized in em- ployment discrimination cases. I appear before you today on behalf on the Legal Defense Fund, which has substantial experience with the issues on which you have requested our testimony. The Legal Defense Fund has long been in the forefront of this nation's effort to translate its constitutional ideals into realities for Black Americans. The Supreme Court has recognized LDF's corporate reputation for expertness in presenting and arguing the difficult questions of law that frequently arise in civil rights litigation. 1 For over forty years, LDF has worked through the courts to establish and enforce the rights of Black citizens seeking an equal opportunity to achieve decent housing, quality education, good jobs, and full participation in the mainstream of American life. LDF staff lawyers and cooperating attorneys have been counsel in many landmark cases in the Supreme Court of the United States which have established basic constitutional and statutory rights for Black Americans; 2 and they have liti- gated hundreds of employment discrimination cases throughout the country, including many of the most significant cases decided by the Supreme Court under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.1 * Acting Professor of Law, UCLA School of Law. B.A., Columbia College, 1968; J.D., Co- lumbia Law School, 1972. 1. NAACP v. Button, 371 U.S. 415, 422 (1963). 2. See, e.g., Griggs v. Duke Power Co., 401 U.S. 424 (1971); Brown v. Board of Education, 347 U.S. 483 (1954); Shelley v. Kraemer, 334 U.S. 1 (1948). 3. See, e.g., Anderson v. City of Bessemer City; 470 U.S. 564 (1985); Webb v. Dyer County Board of Education, 85 L. Ed. 2d 233 (1985); Cooper v. Federal Reserve Bank, 467 U.S. 561 (1984); Firefighters Local Union 1784 v. Stotts, 467 U.S. 561 (1984); United States v. Aikens, 460 U.S. 711


Sainte-Beuve once described Montaigne as "the wisest Frenchman that ever lived." The year just past was crowded with centenaries, but the place given to this one in the journalism of countries very different in culture and tradition shows a certain unique quality in the feeling it aroused. Has Sainte-Beuve's tribute been endorsed? What, in particular, suggested to him the epithet "wisest," and how far has later criticism justified it?


Salix is one of desert shrub widely planted in Chinese desert,which is rich in resource.Wood meals of Salix can be conversed into liquid mass by liquefaction technic.Because there were a great lot of hydroxy in liquefied products,which can be replaced petrolic resource to synthesize polyurethane material with isocyanate.The liquefaction of Salix psammophila in the presence of glycol under sulfuric catalysis was studied.The effects of reaction time,fluid ratio(glycol / wood),catalyst dosage and reaction temperature on liquefaction were investigated.It shows that,(1) the reaction time has a greatest influence on liquefaction process;moreover,liquefaction process is affected by liquefaction ratio,catalyst dosage and reaction temperature at a certain extent.(2) The optimum condition of liquefaction for Salix psammophila is estimated as: temperature of 160 ℃,the reaction time of 2 h,fluid ratio(glycol / wood ratio) of 5 and catalyst dosage of 12 %.Under this craft condition,the residue ratios are 8.28%.


When linear time- invariant viewer of MATLAB LTI Viewer is applied in system performance analysis, the various characteristic curves can be easily plotted. With the feed system of CK7815 NC machine tool as an example, its mathematical model was built up based on Lagrange work- energy equilibrium method. The characteristic curves of feed system were plotted by LTI Viewer. The Simulink simulation model of feed system was constructed. The applications of LTI Viewer in system simulation analysis and compensation design were given, and the problems in application of LTI Viewer were pointed out. The research results indicated that the application of LTIViewer can simplify the research processs; moreover it is easy to use.


Objective:To evaluate the effects of different concentrations of lidocaine on the hemodynamics of patients radical resection of esophageal cancer.Methods:Fifty-four ASAⅠ-Ⅱpatients were randomly divided into epidural normal saline(NS) group,epidural 1% lidocaine(Lido) group and epidural 2% Lido group,with 18 cases in each group.Anesthesia was induced and maintained with epidural infusion of Lido or NS at 7 ml/h.The baseline value,blood pressure(BP),heart rate(HR) of the patients were recorded before and during the operation.Results:During the operation,NS group showed a higher BT and HR(P0.01),2% Lido group an over-decrease in BP and lower HR(P0.05),and 1% Lido group a comparatively stable BP and HR.Conclusions:General anesthesia combined with local anesthesia is effective and safe in radical resection of esophaged cancer.


This work is a demonstration of potential uses of combined multiangle and multispectral remote sensing imagery for mapping and characterizing seasonal snow cover, sea ice, and ice sheet surfaces. We use data from the Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR) and demonstrate how multiangle data can augment multispectral mapping in unique and valuable ways.


Much has been learned about the energization of nutrient transport since Hoagland in 1944 gave his famous series of lectures on plant nutrition. Already at that time it was speculated that energy for transport of solutes into cells was provided by compounds containing energy-rich phosphate bonds (Hoagland, 1944). We now know that ATP-consuming proton pumps drive nutrient transport at several entry points in the plant body. In this Update, we will focus on those entry points within the plant body where nutrient transport is intense, and we will discuss their energization and regulation by proton pumps.


The extensive use of color dyes in modern society has resulted in serious concerns of water contamination. Many organic dyes bear charges; thus, materials of opposite charges have been tested for sorptive removal. However, the results from several studies also showed that anionic dyes methyl orange (MO) and alizarin red S (ARS) could be removed from water using minerals of negative charges, but the mechanisms were not addressed. In this study, negatively charged clinoptilolite was tested for its removal of anionic dyes MO and ARS from water under different physico-chemical conditions and to investigate the mechanism of Mo and ARS removal. The sorption capacities were 166 and 92 mmol/kg for MO and ARS, respectively, confirming the uptake of anionic dyes on negatively charged framework silicates. The influence of solution pH and ionic strength on MO removal was minimal, indicating the strong affinity of anionic dyes for clinoptilolite in comparison to other inorganic species. It was speculated that the N in the dimethyl group may bear a partial positive charge, which may have a net electrostatic attraction to the negatively charged mineral surfaces for MO sorption. For ARS, sorption may involve hydrogen bonding formation between the dye and the clinoptilolite. Moreover, under the experimental conditions, the MO molecules form dimers in solution via dimeric π-π interactions. Thus, the sorption of the dimers or aggregation of the MO monomers and dimers on clinoptilolite surface was attributed to additional MO removal, as suggested by molecular dynamic simulations. The speculation was supported by FTIR analyses and molecular dynamic simulations. As such, negatively charged Earth materials may be used as sorbents for the removal of certain anionic dyes via sorption, a new perspective for the innovative use of Earth materials.


It has been reported that the spin sprayed ferrite film shows better magnetic properties at high frequency than the ferrite by co-firing over 800 /spl deg/C . Besides, there is no limitation to select the substrate materials because it can be processed with low temperature below 100 /spl deg/C. Therefore, we fabricated a film inductor as a passive device for DC-DC converter by a use of spin sprayed Ni-Zn ferrite film on the polyimide layer without insulating layer. After, cover-lay film was laminated on the top of that. Finally, embedded form was completed by via hole process of pad opening. The magnetic properties of Ni-Zn ferrite were 6.0 k gauss of saturation magnetization and 110 of effective permeability. And 1,6 micro H of L, 25 of Q at 5 MHz were measured with spiral 16 turn inductor. The rated current of inductor was measured 897 mA.


The Linear Collider Collaboration has introduced a change management process to ensure that changes to the ILC baseline design are properly reviewed and implemented in an orderly fashion. A change management board oversees the process, establishes the review procedure based on the overall impact of the proposed change, decides, and monitors the implementation. This change management process has become an important factor that gives structure and direction to the ongoing design activities around the world. The change process ensures that all stakeholders are part of the review and decision process from the beginning and contribute to a design change acceptable to all parties involved.


There are usually alternative ways of using models to solve a problem in Operational Research. Different modeling processes can lead to different outcomes. This path dependence can originate from the system created by the modeling team, learning, procedure, behavior, motivation, uncertainty or external causes, and interplay of these factors. To demonstrate the phenomenon, we show experimentally that path dependence can occur in the Even Swaps decision analysis method. This provides an example of path dependence originating from procedural and behavioral origins. We explain the results by the accumulation of the effects of two known biases; loss aversion and scale compatibility. Strategies to reduce the accumulation of the effects of these biases are


Law No. 5 of 2014 concerning State Civil Apparatus, which states that civil servants are Indonesian citizens who meet certain conditions, are appointed as Civil Servants (ASN) permanently by civil servant development officials to occupy government positions.


In this work, viscoelastic, isothermal extrusion film casting modeling utilizing 1D membrane model and modified Leonov model was performed in order to understand the role of viscoelastic stress state at the die exit on the polymer melt film stretching in the post die area. Experimental data for LDPE and theoretical predictions based on the eXtended Pom-Pom (XPP) model taken from the open literature were used for the validation purposes. It was found that predicting capabilities of 1D membrane model utilizing XPP and modified Leonov model are comparable for the given processing conditions and material. Consequent theoretical parametric study revealed that increase in the viscoelastic stress state at the die exit, characterized as the ratio of second and first normal stress differences, -N2/N1, leads to increase in neck-in phenomenon. This suggests that specific attention should be paid to optimization of the extrusion die design in order to stabilize polymer melt film stretching in the post die area.


PURPOSE
To determine whether perfusion abnormalities are depicted on arterial spin-labeling (ASL) images obtained in patients with normal bolus perfusion-weighted (PW) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Institutional review board approval and written informed patient consent were obtained. This study was HIPAA compliant. Consecutive patients suspected or known to have cerebrovascular disease underwent 1.5-T brain MR imaging, including MR angiography, gradient-echo PW imaging, and pseudocontinuous ASL imaging, between October 2007 and January 2008. Patients with normal bolus PW imaging findings were retrospectively identified, and two neuroradiologists subsequently evaluated the ASL images for focal abnormalities. The severity of the borderzone sign-that is, bilateral ASL signal dropout with surrounding cortical areas of hyperintensity in the middle cerebral artery borderzone regions-was classified by using a four-point scale. For each group, the ASL-measured mean mixed cortical cerebral blood flow (CBF) at the level of the centrum semiovale was evaluated by using the Jonckheere-Terpstra test.

RESULTS
One hundred thirty-nine patients met the study inclusion criteria, and 41 (30%) of them had normal bolus PW imaging findings. Twenty-three (56%) of these 41 patients also had normal ASL imaging findings. The remaining 18 (44%) patients had the ASL borderzone sign; these patients were older (mean age, 71 years +/- 11 [standard deviation] vs 57 years +/- 16; P < .005) and had lower mean CBF (30 mL/100 g/min +/- 12 vs 46 mL/100 g/min +/- 12, P < .003) compared with the patients who had normal ASL imaging findings. Five patients had additional focal ASL findings that were related to either slow blood flow in a vascular structure or postsurgical perfusion defects and were not visible on the PW images.

CONCLUSION
Approximately half of the patients with normal bolus PW imaging findings had abnormal ASL findings-most commonly the borderzone sign. Results of this pilot study suggest that ASL imaging in patients who have this sign and are suspected of having cerebrovascular disease yields additional and complementary hemodynamic information.


This article presents the development and implementation of a 20-kW permanent magnet (PM) brushless dc (BLDC) machine starter/generator system for a series-parallel 2 x 2 hybrid electric vehicle.


In this paper, the performance of 3D MIMO is evaluated with measurement data for the first time. The MIMO channel response for different 3D antenna configurations is extracted from measured channel matrix in the high rise scenario and the corresponding data rates are calculated. The major findings are as follows. For single user MIMO, vertically spaced antennas does better in transmit beamforming while horizontally spaced antennas stands out in spatial multiplexing for its wider azimuth angle spread. For multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO), horizontally distributed antennas performs best when users are on the same floor while the combination of closely spaced vertical antennas with widely spaced horizontal antennas is especially more suitable when users are on different floors. Moreover, it is found that for MU-MIMO, the rate increment comes from increase in BS antenna number is limited but increasing the number of users can improve the sum rate effectively. In addition, it is also noticed selecting users on different floors for 3D MU-MIMO can achieve the best performance.


The initiative was born at the beginning of a discussion with Professor Mabel Manrique, who, taking into account the research lines of the University, suggested me to start field work related to the production of different fresh fruits produced in the Municipality of Viotá Cundinamarca, in such a way that initiates this research process. For the above and taking into account that it was a question of carrying out a research process with fresh fruits, when trying with different fresh fruits, it would be the Lyophilized Strawberry that was selected, since it was expected to generate an added value to this fruit in order to have greater export possibilities. The entire process of inquiry is then started with respect to the cultivation and harvesting of the strawberry, recognizing the different types of soil and duck climates for the production of said fruit, understanding that this can be a great benefit, since it is grown in any month of the year without interrupting its production since its plant has a useful life cycle close to 3 years. Thus, the field work begins in the Municipality of Viotá, finding different problems with which farmers in the area are currently facing, such as lack of knowledge in marketing techniques and mechanisms, which facilitate good management of the capital they have. On the other hand, and EL PROCESO DE LIOFILIZACIÓN DE LA FRESA16 evidencing in some way some of the results of the research, it is found that strawberry production in this municipality has climatic difficulties, which translate into a decrease in the production of fruit, reason that leads us to locate another municipality, Chocontá, with some characteristics of climate and soil, favorable for strawberry production and that in general terms would overturn the initial purpose of the research: to concentrate the efforts of the project on the strengths of the Municipality of Chocontá in terms of strawberry production, without forgetting or leaving aside the municipality of Viotá. In the same way, it is worth clarifying that, as has already been mentioned in previous pages, the rural population of both municipalities is convinced that the Lyophilization process can be of great help in projecting the export market for strawberries and its natural properties to countries like Holland.


The problem of localization of the spectrum of the matrix is considered; some lower bounds of the spectral radius of a real symmetric matrix by virtue of which can be specified a two-sided estimate of spectral radius of this matrix is offered.


A transparent electrode can include a graphene sheet on a substrate, a layer including a conductive polymer disposed over the graphene sheet, and a plurality of semiconducting nanowires, such as ZnO nanowires, disposed over the layer including conductive polymer.


Zinc telluride (ZnTe) quantum dots (QDs) prepared via a facile one-pot synthetic route is hereby reported. Zinc acetate, l-cysteine and potassium telluride were utilized as the starting materials for synthesis under low growth temperature (90oC) in open air conditions.


INCREASING awareness of human infectious hepatitis and the common occurrence of infectious canine hepatitis in the United States have precipitated queries about the possible transmission of the canine disease to man, particularly when illness occurs simultaneously or has similar manifestations in a pet and in a family member. Perhaps the name "hepatitis" in the designation of the canine disease is unfortunate since it suggests a relationship to human hepatitis. Actually the virus infects the reticuloendothelial system in general, and hepatitis is not a primary lesion. Frequently hepatitis is not manifested clinically, but lymphadenopathy, tonsillitis, and endothelial invasion are more constant lesions. Since infectious canine hepatitis virus was first described by Rubarth in 1947 (1), a great deal has been learned about the disease in its natural host and about its causal agent. Although the virus was known to cause an encephalitis in the fox, there was no suggestion in the early literature that man was also a host. However, at least one later study suggested that canine hepatitis virus can cause hepatic complications in man (2). This report reviews the literature on infectious canine hepatitis virus to help clarify its position in relation to human disease.


Aims:  To determine the effect of increasing maternal body mass index (BMI) during pregnancy on maternal and infant health outcomes.


Objective:  To examine the evidence for the three kinds of aetiological model that dominate the current literature on poor insight in psychosis: clinical models, the neuropsychological model, and the psychological denial model.


The dynamical behaviors of Brans–Dicke gravity with the interacting new agegraphic dark energy (NADE) model are studied in this paper. First of all, by considering the dark energy density ρde = 3n2Φη-2, the evolutions of the equation of state and the deceleration parameter can be described in the framework of Friedmann–Robertson–Walker universe. Moreover, the field equations of the Brans–Dicke gravity can be cast to the form of the first law of thermodynamics with the so-called entropy production term . Furthermore, the generalized second law of thermodynamics can be given in nonflat Brans–Dicke gravity with the interacting NADE enclosed by the dynamical apparent horizon with Hawking temperature. Finally, when the interaction between NADE and dark matter is considered as a fluctuation around the thermal equilibrium, it can be written to a form of logarithmic correction, and the expression of the interaction term can be obtained.


Nowadays it is highly desired to maximize using of existing resource and recycle waste materials. The by-product of steel being hot rolled is mill scale that disposing of it as waste material has environmental effects. Therefore, the use of mill scale in iron production is economically and environmentally beneficial. In the current work, an attempt has been made to use mill scale and iron concentrate which are not applicable to pelletized, in the reduction process with tunnel kiln for iron manufacturing. Non-coking coal and limestone were utilized as reducing agents. The reluctant to ferrous oxide ratio was kept constant during the reduction tests. The reduction process was carried out in a crucible at 1150 °C. The analyses of the metal Fe content in the reduced samples show that the mill scale can be used successfully in the direct reduction process to produce sponge iron.  In the rolling mill scale-iron pellet, iron concentrate-iron pellet, and iron concentrate-mill scale mixtures, the compositions 70MS-30IP, 70IC-30IP, and 70IC-30MS were optimum. The result of XRD and STA results revealed that the optimal heat treatment setting for reducing utilized ferrous oxide mixtures is 1150 °C for 1 h.


The author reviews the available post-schooling models in the Federal Republic of Germany for the treatment of blatantly alcoholic drivers, especially first offenders. In passing he mentions the customary methods of treating traffic offenders in Austria. Furthermore he reviews the differences of opinion regarding the pros and cons of post schooling. In addition the relevant court decisions are discussed. Lastly he reviews the effects and results of post-schooling which can be assessed. In spite of certain reservations the author concludes that the traffic problem should be fought with all available means and, hence, that at least an attempt should be made by means of post-schooling to decrease the relapse incidence.


Shock compression experiments performed using Sandia's Z-Accelerator determine the principal Hugoniot of cryogenically-cooled liquid xenon, krypton, and argon in the Mbar regime. Under strong shock compression, an insulator to metallic state transition occurs and the shock front becomes reflective allowing for a direct measurement of the sample's shock velocity using laser interferometry. DFT simulations at these extreme conditions show good agreement with the experimental data – demonstrating the attention to detail required for dealing with elements with relativistic core states and d-state electrons. The results from shock compression experiments and DFT simulations are presented for liquid Xe to 840 GPa, for liquid Kr to 800 GPa, and for liquid Ar to 600 GPa Method


Jobs that require high-skill workers are becoming a crucial part of the rural economy—accounting for nearly 60% of today's rural jobs. Still, many outside firms and policymakers hold the outdated belief that rural America lacks the skills necessary to compete in the 21st century. At the heart of this myth is the reality that the traditional gauge of skills, educational attainment, is too narrow to accurately measure this workforce asset. Many rural residents are gaining valuable new skills outside of traditional four-year colleges and universities. In fact, their new focus on skill-oriented training sets them apart from their metropolitan cousins.


The central purpose of this research was to assess student learning outcomes in the Algebra I credit recovery course offered at traditional schools in Louisiana and the Algebra I credit recovery course offered online by the Louisiana Virtual School (LVS). It was also conducted to assess the associations of gender, grade level, and socio-economic status on learning outcomes measured as final grade in the course.
The researcher utilized the Statistical Package for Social Sciences to analyze the data. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the demographic features of the data. Frequencies of the variables in each group were examined and a crosstab analysis was also utilized. The Pearson's Correlation Coefficient as well as a factorial ANOVA was utilized to determine and examine the relationship between the independent and the dependent variables.
On the basis of the findings, it was concluded that the participants who took the course in a traditional school setting had higher means of the final grades than participants who took the course at LVS.
A review of the literature and the findings of this study revealed a need for further research in several areas.


Relevance feedback (RF) aims to overcome query and document disagreements on vocabulary, and user and system disagreements on relevancy for a given information need. It can be implemented as an interactive (IRF) or automatic (pseudo-relevance feedback PRF) process and relies on the initial document ranking returned by the system for the original query. The underlying assumption is that the initial retrieval will yield the relevant documents to refine the query[4, 7]. It is expected that they will provide new terms, such as synonyms, that will improve the original query. The feedback performance of retrieval systems depends on many factors and a great variability in precision occurs from topic to topic [1]. On average, the overall system performance improves after feedback, but for some topics the average precision achieved is actually lower than the initial run, particularly in PRF. This effect may be caused by the use of non-relevant documents (in the case of PRF) or due to the use of a single feedback parameter set for all topics [2]. In this work we present a new alternative explanation for lowered topic performance: under specific feedback parameter settings, relevant documents may act as "poison pills"[9] and harm topic precision after feedback.


An analysis of an electromagnetically coupled (EMC) dipole array is presented, in which a microstrip line is coupled to an infinite periodic linear array of microstrip dipoles, arranged perpendicular to the line. The spectral-domain immittance method is used to obtain the periodic Green's function for the two-layered structure, and the method of moments with a Galerkin testing procedure is then used to enforce the electric field integral equation (EFIE) on the line and the dipole within a unit cell of the structure to obtain the determinantal equation for the unknown leaky-wave propagation constant. One of the interesting features of this analysis is the path of integration in the complex plane used to compute the moment method reactions, which must be partly on the improper sheet for the m=-1 space harmonic when it radiates in the forward direction. Measured radiation patterns for a 10-element EMC dipole array are presented and compared with the corresponding theoretical ones. >


Zn/Ni alloy electrodeposition on a low carbon steel sheets has been examined by means of X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. With increasing current density, Ni content in a Zn/Ni film deposited decreases to a minimum value and then increases. This variation of Ni content in lower Ni baths corresponds to the morphological change of the deposits from granular η/γ mixed phases to layered hexagonal η-phase plates. But in the case of higher Ni baths, the deposited films comprise both η- and γ-phases, and the morphology varies from fine granular precipitates to large spherical particles consisting of granular precipitates. The c/a ratio of η-phase crystal varies from 1.87 to 1.75 with increasing the supersaturation of Ni atoms in η-phase deposits. The effects of quantity of electricity on Ni content of the deposits can be explained in terms of the variation of surface area of the deposits.


Fibre reinforced composite materials are quite rightfully accused of suffering from poor out-of-plane mechanical properties, and delamination concerns are known to strongly reduce their competitive ...


5566 Background: Bay 43–9006, a novel bi-aryl urea, is a potent inhibitor of kinases of Raf-1 (C-Raf) and B-Raf which are critical members of the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signalling pathway. In addition, Ba...


For the unity of the medical profession. The debate about specialization in Belgium (1900-1940) This article focuses on the debate about specialization in the interwar period in Belgium. It illustrates the opposition between the scientific segment of the profession, represented by the Royal Academy of Medicine and the medical faculties on the one hand and the professional organizations of medical practitioners on the other hand. In many places, general practitioners practised part-time as specialists. The first group emphasized the importance of a reorganization of medical education and, in second order, better supervision of medical practice. Some members of the Academy were alarmed by the damage done by gp's in the field of surgery and ophthalmology. The professional organizations were concerned about the fact that specialization was closely linked to the development of institutions, such as outpatient's clinics and hospitals, which were sometimes linked to sickness funds, the socialist sickness fund in particular. Their main objective was to keep medical practice open to all practitioners and out of the hands of the sickness funds. Problems associated with specialization could be solved by a better supervision of medical practice. Therefore they once more stressed the importance of the establishment of a disciplinary council, the Order of Physicians. Discussions about the respective role of general practitioners and specialists were altogether absent.


Abstract This paper examines to what extent and how the data and results of PISA have been used for various education stakeholders and to what extent PISA affect educational policy and practices in Hong Kong. From the point of view of the government, PISA has played an important role in supporting and legitimising government educational reform since 2000. It has supported curricula frameworks and to some extent development and reform from the philosophical and educational viewpoints. However, the mass media and general public seldom went beyond ranking to look at other variables that might inform policy with the exception of some researchers and curriculum developers. Nonetheless, considerable effort has been expended by key researchers in Hong Kong in disseminating information about PISA prior to and after the administration of each assessment and in sharing the Hong Kong results, through such means as press conferences, seminars, international conferences, research and professional development. Experience from the case of Hong Kong suggested that, by keeping international assessment low stake but making good use of it to inform different stakeholders and initiating teacher professional development could be a cost-effective tool to drive educational reform. However, there is a tendency of overuse or abuse of international assessments by making international assessment high stakes, which might create unnecessary pressure for participating schools, teachers and students.


Results of this study support three conclusions: 1. A task requiring certain conscious cognitive operations can cause subjects to bring to mind prior held beliefs that are not usually salient. 2. Change in belief salience produces temporary attitude shifts. 3. Attitude correlates highly with the proportion of negative associations in the salient array of beliefs. Questions are raised as to the adequacy of Hullian theory to account for the results and the TOTE model is proposed as a method of reconciling human condi‐tionability with higher level cognitive capabilities.


Nutrient sensing is composed of intervened signaling pathways that respond to the availability of nutrients (amino acids, glucose, lipids, etc.) and modulate metabolism. Contrast to previous efforts on the understanding of the effects of nutritional components, much less was known on the molecular responses generated by anti‐nutritional factors (ANFs), which could exert significant influence on the dietary performances and animal health. Therefore, the present study was designed to screen and characterize the influences of ANFs on the nutrient sensing networks and metabolism in fish. The dose‐responses of ANFs on target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling, integrated stress response (ISR) pathway, insulin/IGF signaling, and major metabolism pathways were characterized in both fish cell lines and animal studies. Among ANFs, gossypol and soybean saponins were found to suppress TOR and activate ISR signaling, while promote catabolism. Concanavalin A was found to cause inhibited insulin/IGF1/Akt signaling and consequently lead to apoptosis. These results should provide new explanation on the profound physiological effects of these anti‐nutritional factors.


Effective routing algorithms use various techniques to determine the most appropriate route for transmitting data. Determining the best route through a wide area network (WAN), requires the routing algorithm to obtain information concerning all of the nodes, links, and devices present on the network. The most relevant routing information involves various measures that are often obtained in an imprecise or inaccurate manner, thus suggesting that fuzzy reasoning is a natural method to employ in an improved routing scheme. fuzzy reasoning and neural networks, when combined together provide a very effective routing algorithm for computer networks. Computer simulation is employed to prove the new fuzzy routing algorithm outperforms the Shortest Path First (SPF) algorithm in most computer network situations. The benefits increase as the computer network migrates from a stable network to a more variable one. The advantages of applying this fuzzy routing algorithm are apparent when considering the dynamic nature of modern computer networks


An image-code generation method of verification, the authentication method and apparatus, wherein said generating method comprising: a default image into at least two pieces, at least two pieces and the recording of the preset picture splice legal order; selecting from said at least one of the at least two fragments as debris to be treated, and the debris filter processing to be treated; the at least two fragments when stored as a whole, and requires authentication, using the He said random fragments into an image mosaic send a code to the client. Such a program, not only allows the server to automatically distinguish between legitimate users and unauthorized users, but also to prevent unauthorized users from using a computer program to crack this code, but also will not increase the difficulty of identifying the user and improve the user experience.


Database of monitoring eco-environmental quality of farm field is the new style of managing farm field data and monitoring eco-environment quality. To build database of monitoring eco-environment quality of farm field in county, the key is to divide monitoring units, to normalize the collecting data, managing data, and data codes, to build data table, to input data, to query and use the data.


William Shakespeare (1564-1616)is considered to be the greatest writer in English literature .he composed over than (150) sonnets and wrote some of the most famous plays in English language. His plays are generally categorized as comedies, tragedies, and histories. A Shakespearean comedy may involve some very dramatic storylines,his comedies are defined in that it has a happy ending usually marriage. Shakespeare's plays in general, and his comedies in particular affected the whole society in the 18 century and the centuries which follows , the authors have no exception of this effect , so the scope of this study is to focus of this impact upon the writings of Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice. The study is divided into two sections and a conclusion, the first section is about the life, literary features, and the presentation of women in Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice. Shakespearean Spirit in Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice Intisar M. Wagaa (M.A) 320 The second section is about the Shakespeare's comedy, the charactestics of Shakespeare's comedy and the presentation of women in Shakespeare's comedy. Finally , the conclusion sums up the findings of the study. 1.1Jane Austen's life and literary works: Jane Austen (1775-1817) an English writer who first gives the novel its' modern character through the treatment of everyday life she was born in Hampshire village of Stevenson, where her father the Reverend George Austen, was a rector of the village. She was the second daughter and seventh child in a family of eight: six boys and two girls. Her closest eldest sister, Cassandra, who also remained unmarried .their father, was a scholar who encouraged the love of learning in his children. Although she and her sister briefly attended several different schools. Jane was educated mainly by her father, who taught his own children and several pupils who boarded with the family. By age 25 of Jane , her father retired and by that time her brothers two of whom later became admirals, had careerand families of their own .Jane, her sister ,Cassandra , and their parents went to live in Bath . His wife, Cassandra (nee' Leigh), was a woman of ready wit, famed for her impromptu verses and stories. The great family amusement was acting. Such a kind of affectionate and lively family provided a stimulating context for Jane Austen's writing. Jane's life was like an extensive network of relationships by blood and friendship. It was this world of minor landed gentry and the country clergy, in the village, the neighborhood and the countrytown, which occasional visits to Bath and to London – which she was to use in the setting, characters, and subject matter of her novels. Her childhood was a happy one amongst all brothers and the other boys who lodged with the family and whom Mr. Austen tutored; to amuse themselves the children wrote and performed plays and charades, and even as little girl Jane was encouraged to write for the reading that she did of her father's extensive library that provided her a material for the short satirical sketches shewrote as a girl. In age of fourteen years old Jane wrote her first novel Love and Friendship and then A History of England in addition to otheramusing Juvenilia. In early Vole . 10. No. 36. 10th Year. February 2014 A.D/1435 AH 321 twenties years old, Jane Austen's wrote the novels that were later to be revised and published as Sense and Sensibility, Pride and Prejudice and Northanger Abbey beside another in completed novel called The Watsons. Jane enjoyed dancing as ayoungwomen (such an activity features frequently in her novels),she attended balls in many of the great houses of the neighborhood. She loved the country, enjoyed the long country walks, and had many friends from Hampshire. So when her parents announced in (1801) that the family would be moving away to Bath this announcement was aconsiderable shock to Jane. The next four years were difficult ones for Jane Austen, she disliked the confines of a busy town and missed her Stevenson life. After her father's death in 1805. The mother and her two daughters were suffered financial difficulties and were forced to rely on the charity of the Austen sons. It was also at this time that, Jane fell in love, and when the young man died, she was deeply upset. Later she accepted a proposal of marriage from Harris Bigg-Wither, a wealthy landowner and brother to some of her closest friends, but she changes her mind nextmorning andwas greatly upset by the whole episode. In July1804, on her brother Edward offering his mother and sister a permanent home on his Chawton estate, the Austen's ladies moved back to their beloved Hampshire countryside. Such a nice and pretty garden countryside home was the whole things that Jane Austen's need to settle in order to write. During the years that she spent in this house (seven and ahalf years) Jane Austen revised and published Senseand Sensibility andPride and Prejudice (in1811 and 1813) then she produced an intensive productivity; MansfieldPark(1814). Followed by Emma (in 1816) and she completedPersuasion (that was published together with Northanger Abbey in 1818the year after her death). None of the books published in her life –time had her name on them they were described as being written "By a Lady". In the winter of 816 she started Sandition by illness prevented its completion. Jane Austen had contradicted Addison Disease, a tubercular disease of the kidneys. No longer able to walkfar, she used to drive out in alittle donkey carriage which can still be seen at the Jane Austen Museum atChawton , By May 1817 she was so ill that she and Cassandrato be near Jane's physician, rented rooms in Winchester. Tragically, there was no cure and Jane Austen died in her sister's arms in the early hours of 18 th of July 1817. She was 41 years old and buried in Winchester Cathedral. Shakespearean Spirit in Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice Intisar M. Wagaa (M.A) 322 1.2 Chronology of Jane Austen's Life and Works:  1775(Dec.)Jane Austen born at Stevenson in Hants ,seventh child of the Rev.George Austen ,(1731-1805)and Cassandra Leigh(1739-1827)  1784Jane Austen her sister , Cassandra, leave the Abbey School Reading  1788-1793 Juvenilia(including the history of England, Love and Friendship.etc.)  1794 or 1795 Lady Susan (without the conclusion)  1795 Elinor and Marianne, the earliest version of Sense and Sensibility written in epistolary form  October 1796-August 1797 Composition of First Impression, original version of pride and prejudice  November1797 Sense and Sensibility begun in its present form  1798-1799 Drafting of Northanger Abbey(then called Susan, later Catherine)  BathandSouthampton1801-1809 :  1803 Susan prepared and offered for publication  1803-1804 The Watsons(unfinished)  1085 Fair copy of Lady Susan(and possibly composition of the conclusion)  Chawton___1809-1817:  1809-1811 Sense and sensibilityrevised and prepared for publication  November 1811 publication of sense and sensibility  1812 radical revision of pride and prejudice  February 1811-summer 1813 composition of Mansfield Park  January 1813 plan of a novel  December 1815-january 1816 publication of Emma  August 1815-August 1816 composition of Persuasion  Jaunuary-March1817 Initial work on the unfinished Sandition  December1817-January1818 posthumous publication of Northanger Abbeyand Persuasion 1.3Jane Austen's Motives in Pride and Prejudice Jane Austen began writing the novel which later became Pride and Prejudice in October of 1796 and finished it by the following year; she was then twenty-one years old. Little is known of this early version of the story beyond its original title: First Impression. No copy of that original is known to exist. Her father offered the book to be published three months after Jane had having seen the manuscript. Vole . 10. No. 36. 10th Year. February 2014 A.D/1435 AH 323 Jane continued to write; though it was not until the winter of 1811,fully fourteen years after finishing FirstImpression,that she again picked up that manuscript and began revising it into the version we know today as Pride and Prejudice. Pride and Prejudice was far more fortunate than its earlier incarnation: it was accepted for publication and was presented to the world on 28 January 1813.Jane Austen's name was never attached to any of her published novels during her life time, and the title page of Pride and Prejudice read only"BY THE AUTHOR OF 'SENSE AND SENSIBILITY' Austen wrote behind a door that creaked very loudly. Whenever somebody walked past her door, the floorboards would creak, and she quickly hid papers beneath her desk. She didn't want other people knowing that she was attempting to write a novel. Her fear could have been to the popularity of masculine writers and stigma brought down against women that desired to pursue masculine identities during this time; women could only gain social status through marriage. This was the way in which women established face and wealth. After spending months in writing in secret, Austen produced one of her first novel titled Pride and Prejudice Pride and Prejudice is a comedy of manners novel that criticizes the social structure between the rich and poor and the role of women in the family. News of a wealthy young man named Charles Bingley stirs up the hearts of women in the town and the girls in the Bennet family are one of them. Accompanying Charles Bengley is the wealthiest man in the area, Mr. Darcy meets Elizabeth Bennet at Bengley's ball and other social conjunctions over the next few weeks. He soon findshimself attracted to Elizabeth, but Elizabeth is utterly disgusted by his wealth, status, and arrogance. Through a series of unfortunate events that turn her family and her sisters upsidedown, Mr.Darcy is the last person Elizabeth expected to marry .Nonetheless; Mr.Darcy confesses his love for her and even proposes to no luck. Elizabeth doesn't agree to his proposal until Mr. Darcy


PART ONE: Theoretical Approaches of Business Cooperation The Cooperation from the Economic Point of View Cooperation Decision: A Strategic Choice Organisational Ways of Cooperation The Cooperation in the Game Theory Approach Decision, Negotiation and Cooperation Structure PART TWO: Principal Cases Enterprise International Cooperation Enterprise Cooperation in Technological Topics Technological Cooperation within the Frame of the National Innovative System


Hydrogels have established their significance as prominent biomaterials within the realm of biomedical research. However, injectable hydrogels have garnered greater attention compared to their conventional counterparts due to their excellent...


Law Number 5 of 1999 about the Prohibition of Monopoly Practice and Unfair Trade Competition prohibits the present the market occupation. Market can be occupied by exclusive dealing published by entrepreneurs. For instance is the exclusive dealing in sponsorship between PT. Budiman Subrata Niaga as Field Promotion Agency Marlboro and Hugo's Cafe Yogyakarta. The statements in that dealing said Marlboro will be the single sponsor in certain events held by Hugo's Cafe Yogyakarta. The data of the research was analyzed using qualitative descriptive method and the drawing conclusion by deductive method. The exclusive dealing in sponsorship is analogized with market occupation as it can restrict other entrepreneurs to hold same business. But it must be underlined that Marlboro market occupation is only for economic reasons (products promotion). Based on the Explanation of Law Number 5 of 1999 Article 19 a, economic is one of exception reason for market occupation. And then, in Law Number 5 of 1999 Article 50 b, another exception is about trade mark. Thus, as Marlboro is a trade mark of cigarette by Philip Morris, exclusive dealing in sponsorship between PT. Budiman Subrata Niaga and Hugo's Cafe Yogyakarta was legal and didn't break any law in Law Number 5 of 1999. It will be better if Hugo's Cafe Yogyakarta hold dealings with other cigarette promotion agencies. It's important for preventing from wrong exception that PT. Budiman Subrata Niaga monopolizes market in Hugo's Cafe Yogyakarta.


The use of shape memory alloys (SMAs) in civil structures attracted the attention of researchers worldwide. This interest is due the unique properties of SMAs, the shape memory effect (SME) and pseudoelasticity. Other desirable attributes for SMA include biocompatibility, high specific strength, wear resistance, anti-fatigue characteristics, and high yield strength. These beneficial qualities allow for a wide range of applications ranging from aerospace field to the medical and civil engineering fields. To intelligently utilize shape memory alloys and widen their application potential, certain characteristics including the heat activation and heat transfer mechanisms must be thoroughly understood. Such understanding would allow the development and optimization of systems utilizing SMA. Hence, this paper presents a state-of-the-art review about shape memory alloys with specific focus on the heat activation mechanisms and the heat transfer modes.


The aim of this study is to examine the 3rd and 4th grade students' STEM career interest and attitudes towards STEM in terms of some variables. The study was designed as survey model of quantitative research methods. The sample consisted of 758 students studying in a town in Aegean region. STEM Career Interest Scale was used to determine STEM career interests of primary school students. STEM Attitude Scale was used to determine their attitudes towards STEM. The data obtained from the study were analyzed by independent t-tests and oneway ANOVA tests. As a result of these analyzes, the STEM career interests and attitudes towards STEM of the students differentiated according to their gender, parents' eductaion level and having computer/internet. Received: 11 March 2019 Accepted: 12 April 2019 Online: 30 April 2019


This paper addresses a distributed fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control problem for a multi-agent system modeling a large-scale power generator network. The goal is to enable all the agents to achieve the control objective of asymptotic stability without losing the system tracking performance. Before solving this DFTC problem, a distributed fault detection (DFD) method is provided for fault detection. Next, the designs focus on a DFTC scheme without estimating the upper bound of the coupled, nonlinear, state-dependent unknown input. A model-based distributed state estimator (DSE) together with a proportional-integral-like nonlinear distributed identifier (DI) is then developed to identify the unknown input. By exploiting the redundancies from the estimated states and unknown input information obtained from the DSE and DI, a novel continuous DFTC is designed to enable the agents to achieve asymptotic consensus tracking without losing the system tracking performance while achieving distributed unknown input identification. A power system example and numerical simulations are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed DFTC method.


This paper studies the issue of China's Rise and the frictions with the U.S. as the PRC tries to get hegemon status in South-East Asia. The key issue lies with China's foreign policy towards developing countries and securing raw materials needed for the high economic demand and the U.S. policy of containing China. As China continues to grow and to invest more in its military capabilities, its neighbors question its peaceful rise, however socials issues might put a dent in the PRC's plans for regional domination as economic growth slows and China has to shift its policies. This paper argues that the tensions between the U.S. and China could not be considered as high as the tensions between the Soviet Union and the U.S. during the cold war.


It discloses a sealing structure and a sealing structure integrity of the flexible tube for testing. The method includes a first annular sealing member and the second annular seal element positioned in the joint between the two elements of the flexible tube, wherein the joint region located between the first annular seal element and the second annular between the sealing member; and the area between the first sealing member and the second sealing element 0.2MP pressurized to a predetermined pressure or more by the region extending towards the port.


Human capital is almost always identified as a crucial ingredient for growing economies, but empirical investigations of cross-national growth have done little to clarify the dimensions of relevant human capital or any implications for policy. This paper concentrates on the importance of labor force quality, measured by cognitive skills in mathematics and science. By linking international test scores across countries, a direct measure of quality is developed, and this proves to have a strong and robust influence on growth. One standard deviation in measured cognitive skills translates into one percent difference in average annual real growth ratesþan effect much stronger than changes in average years of schooling, the more standard quantity measure of labor force skills. Further, the estimated growth effects of improved labor force quality are very robust to the precise specification of the regressions. The use of measures of quality significantly improves the predictions of growth rates, particularly at the high and low ends of the distribution. The importance of quality implies a policy dilemma, because production function estimates indicate that simple resource approaches to improving cognitive skills appear generally ineffective.


During the last century numerous Acts have been passed by Parliament with a view to preventing illness and promoting health. We may recall a few: the Acts dealing with the sick poor, with the notification of infectious diseases, the Public Health Acts, the Blind Persons Act, and the Health Insurance Acts. All these provide benefits in kind or in money for such individuals as are eligible; thus, institutional care or hospital treatment are provided by the Poor Law, the Public Health, and the Lunacy and Mental Deficiency Acts; cash benefits are available under the Poor Law, the Blind Persons, and the National Health Insurance Acts; and training or education are granted by the Blind Persons and the Mental Deficiency Acts. Who decides that a person is eligible for these benefits? In all instances it is a medical practitioner, and in all instances a written certificate is required from a practitioner by the officers who administer these Acts before any steps can be taken to provide the claimant with the necessary benefit. Without the medical certificate, without the co-operation of the doctor, these Acts would not function.


Second harmonic generation was obtained with an interesting efficiency in thermally poled sulfide glass. The best results obtained to date for chalcogenide glasses were on a Ge-Sb-S system thanks to an adapted treatment of thermal poling. The poling parameters like temperature (100-310 °C), applied voltage (2.5-4 kV)and duration (5-60min) were explored. A large NL second-order susceptibility χ(2) of about 10 ± 0.5 pm/V was measured. The nonlinear susceptibility profile as a function of the depth under the anode for Ge25Sb10S65 poled glass was determined using the analyze of remained second harmonic signal during the NaOH etching treatment. In parallel, a study of the concentration variation of elements being able to be involved in the formation of a charge space was achieved by using the secondary ion mass spectroscopy.


In 2005, adult and larval mosquito surveillance was conducted at selected sites in Korea to associate larval habitats with species distribution of mosquitoes of the Anopheles Hyrcanus Group (An. sinensis, An. lesteri, An. pullus, An. belenrae and An. kleini) and other mosquito species. Anopheles specimens belonging to the Anopheles Hyrcanus Group were identified to species level by molecular confirmation using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS)‐2 within nuclear ribosomal (r)DNA. A total of 6644 mosquitoes from resting and light trap collections (4451; 67.0%) and larval collections (2193; 33.0%) comprising 32 species and nine genera (Culex [11], Anopheles [8], Ochlerotatus [5], Aedes [3], Armigeres [1], Coquillettidia [1], Mansonia [1], Tripteroides [1] and Lutzia [1]) were collected. Larval habitats were characterized into 14 categories. Of a total of 4534 Anopheles spp. collected (3766 resting and light trap collections and 768 larval collections), Anopheles sinensis (3194; 70.4%) was the most frequently captured, followed by An. kleini (813; 17.9%), An. pullus (299; 6.6%) and An. belenrae (129; 2.8%). Four species of Anopheles (An. lesteri, An. sineroides, An. koreicus and An. lindesayi) were infrequently collected (<3.0%) at all sites surveyed by all methods of collection. Anopheles kleini, An. pullus and An. belenrae were collected in greater proportions in malaria high‐risk areas north of Seoul, and were infrequently collected in other parts of Korea, where An. sinensis was the predominant Anopheles spp. captured. A total of 2110 culicine mosquitoes (685 adult collections and 1425 larval collections) comprising 24 species and eight genera were collected.


Exchange of letters constituting an Agreement between the United Nations and the Government of the United Republic of Tanzania regarding the hosting of the Expert Group Meeting entitled "Promote Parliamentary Input into the Implementation of the 2001 Brussels Programme of Action through developing Parliamentary Support Groups in the Least Developed Countries", to be held in Bagamoyo, from 10 to 11 December 2007. New York, 3 December 2007 and 5 December 2007