It is argued that in most cases two reasons underlie the incorrect application of nonparametric goodness-of-fit tests in various applications. The first reason is that when testing composite hypotheses and evaluating the parameters of the law for the analyzed sample, classical results associated with testing simple hypotheses are used. When testing composite hypotheses, the distributions of goodness-of-fit statistics are influenced by the form of the observed law F(x, q) corresponding to the hypothesis being tested, by the type and number of estimated parameters, by the estimation method, and in some cases by the value of the shape parameter. The paper shows the influence of all mentiomed factors on the distribution of test statistics. It is emphasized that, when testing composite hypotheses, the neglect, of the fact that the test has lost the property of "freedom from distribution" leads to an increase in the probability of the 2nd kind errors. It is shown that the distribution of the statistics of the test necessary for the formation of a conclusion about the results of testing a composite hypothesis can be found using simulation in an interactive mode directly in the process of testing. The second reason is associated with the presence of round-off errors which can significantly change the distributions of test statistics. The paper shows that asymptotic results when testing simple and composite hypotheses can be used with round -off errors D much less than the standard deviation s of the distribution law of measurement errors and sample sizes n not exceeding some maximum values. For sample sizes larger than these maximum values, the real distributions of the test statistics deviate from asymptotic ones towards larger statistics values. In such situations, the use of asymptotic distributions to arrive at a conclusion about the test results leads to an increase in the probabilities of errors of the 1st kind (to the rejection of a valid hypothesis being tested). It is shown that when the round-off errors and s are commensurable, the distributions of the test statistics deviate from the asymptotic distributions for small n. And as n grows, the situation only gets worse. In the paper, changes in the distributions of statistics under the influence of rounding are demonstrated both when testing both simple and composite hypotheses. It is shown that the only way out that ensures the correctness of conclusions according to the applied tests in such non-standard conditions is the use of real distributions of statistics. This task can be solved interactively (in the process of verification) and rely on computer research technologies and the apparatus of mathematical statistics.


Fundamental Rights are now not only political ideals, but legal Concepts, based on the European Charters and the Constitutions. However, their meaning in concrete cases still depends on argumentation. They are not Rights in the same sense of civil Rights because they lack a specific content of claims and so they have no immediate practical meaning in a private relationship. They are rather Principles, applicable to Contract Law, directly when expressly involved in the case as the only possible remedy, otherwise indirectly, assessing which solution gives the greatest possible protection to the Fundamental Right with the least possible sacrifice of the opposed principle.
Human Rights, Inviolable Rights, Values, Fundamental Norms, Charters of Rights, Drittwirkung, Direct Application, Indirect Application, Principles, Balancing


Observations on growth increments at each molt in a population of Pacifastacus leniusculus from a subalpine lake were made from periodically recaptured marked crayfish, as well as from molts recorded in the laboratory. After the first growing season the growth increment at molt remained relatively constant. Throughout the life of this crustacean no differences were observed between sexes. Analysis of size distributions in samples taken at different times of the year revealed that between 8 and 12 year-classes were normally present in the population of Lake Tahoe. Growth of these age-classes could be followed through consecutive samples. The number of molts completed by each year-class was found by relating data on growth increment per molt to growth shown in consecutive quantitative samples. Mean carapace length at recruitment for juvenile crayfish was 3.75 mm with 11 molts occurring during the first growing season, and juveniles reached 13.0 mm by the end of their first year. Molt frequency decreased in ...


Objective To Jampare the different effectiveness and safety between open and laparoscopic tension-free hernia repair,provide clinical reference for the choice of surgical approach.Method We collected Cellecting inguinal hernia surgery 186 cases,of which open tension-free hernia repair in 99 cases,87 cases of laparoscopic hernia repair.Compared the different surgical operation time,average length of stay,the date of return to normal working,complications,recurrence rate,surgical fees and other indicators of differences.Results Compared with open tension-free hernia repair the laparoscopic hernia had shorter surgery time,less postoperative hospital stay and shorter time to resume normal work(P0.05) but higher hospital costs(P0.05).The complications and recurrence rate of the two groups had no statistically significance.Conclusion Laparoscopic hernia repair surgery is effective and have a quick recovery,there is a good prospect for it in good economic base place.


Non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains a leading cause of cancer‐related mortality in India. To clarify rates of actionable mutations, and thereby identify opportunities to improve the delivery of best available care for a large volume of patients, a comprehensive review of available data is warranted.


Optical resonant cavities form the foundation for a wide range of integrated optical components. While a high performance laser requires a high quality factor (Q) cavity, other types of devices, like modulators, rely on the cavity resonant wavelength being tunable. Numerous mechanisms based on the thermo-optic and electro-optic effects have been leveraged to create switchable or tunable devices; however, these are very power hungry and/or require complex control machinery. In the present work, we graft an air-stable, optically triggerable functional group to the surface of an ultra-high-Q optical cavity. The Aazobenzene functional group switches from trans to cis upon exposure to blue light, and it can be thermally triggered to revert to the initial trans state. Using a single tapered optical fiber waveguide, blue and near-IR light can be coupled into the device simultaneously. When the blue light interacts with the Aazo group, the resonant wavelength blue shifts. Upon exposure to a CO2 laser, the resonant wavelength returns to its initial position. Several different aspects of the device operation were investigated, including the kinetics of the switching, the effect of switching via a resonant or non-resonant optical field, and sterics of the switching. Notably, by tuning the surface density of the Aazo groups using a multi-material surface chemistry, it is possible to control the magnitude of the shift.


To find out the performance of broilers fed graded levels of mango seed kernel (MSK), chicks (270 numbers) were assigned to 6 treatment groups having 45 birds in each group in 3 replicates and fed diets (isocaloric and isonitrogenoLls) containing MSK @O, 5,10,15,20 and 25% levels replacing maize from 0 to 6 weeks of age. Weight gain was similar to control when MSK was used in the diet at 5% in starter phase (0-3 weeks) or LIp to 20% in finisher phase (4-6 weeks) or 10% in both phases. The feed intake was not affected by dietary treatments during different phases of growth. In comparison to control, the feed efficiency was significantly poor in all the MSK fed groups at starter phase whereas it was similar in 15 and 10% MSK fcd groups at finisher phase and both phases, respectively. The feed cost/kg of weight gain increased linearly with each level of MSK increase in the diet. The blood parameters, carcass characteristics and organoleptic evaluation of meat did not show any significant variation between groups. It can be concluded that MSK can be included in the diet of broilers up to 10% during 0-6 weeks of age or up to 15% during 4-6 weeks of age.


Objective Study on micro-column gel test (MGT) technology in order to understand the large sample of patients with irregular antibodies (IAb) and its specific frequency in Zhongshan rejion.Methods To examine the sensitivity of red blood cells IAb (titer) with MGT by DianaGel Coombs and other conventional methods of classical analysis of trials that may interfere with factors such as anticoagulant,hemolysis,blood lipid; to find out the inadequacies of the results by MGT ,and to obtain the ways of solving the problems;and to complete the selection of the 40 485 cases of MGT recipients IAb screening and pregnant women.Results In parallel experiments,all of the IgG and IgM of IAb was defected out by MGT,when in the detection of IgG antibodies,MGT is higher than that of the traditional mehod by titer 1-2 months. However,by the MGT standard method,Iab titers in IgM is lower than that of the saline by titer 1-2 months,and if by the modified method of MGT,i.e,an increase of incubation time at room temperature,then the result is in line with the one by the saline method;40,485 subjects had recieived RBC-IAb conventional screening by MGT,among whom there were 61 cases of positive,accounting for 0.15% (61/40 485).Conclusion When to detect most clinical significance of red blood cells IAb ,MGT has high sensitivity and specificity,and it is subject to anticoagulants and hemolysis,blood lipid effects of small,accurate,simple,fast,specimens with small,easy automation and can be detected in large quantities.


The earth's climate is becoming increasingly warmer, most likely due to increasing greenhouse gas emissions. Climate variation is driven by uneven distribution of solar heating, the individual responses of the atmosphere, oceans and land surface, the interactions between these and the physical characteristics of the regions. Climate, more especially temperature has a strong and direct influence on development, reproduction and survival of tropical insects such as mosquitoes. Insect population growth potentials are mainly temperature driven, so a rise in temperature may either increase or decrease insect development. This paper highlights the influence of temperature on malaria cases in Orlu Macro-climate in Imo state of Nigeria. It employed the use of 20 years (1991-2010) temperature data of Orlu from Nigerian Meteorological agency and 20 years data on malaria cases in Orlu collected from the (9) nine health centers located within Orlu Local Government Area. In the correlation analysis, adopting Pearson's correlation coefficient method, there was stability in high temperature regime with stable increases in malaria cases. Therefore, the results show that more than 50% of the malaria cases were, influenced by increase in temperature in the area. This means that temperature enhances mosquito breed, which causes spread of malaria in the environment. Hence, evidence of climate variability in Nigeria includes increasing heat waves, which enhances disease vectors, communicable diseases and epidemics. However, the people try to prevent the spread of malaria in the environment to some extent, but the study suggested more measures that are preventive.


This study aims to describe and analyze: (1) the effect of learning strategy of Student
Teams Achievement Divisions (STAD) and Team Assisted Individualization (TAI) in
mathematics learning outcomes; (2) the effect of the dicipline of students direct
learning in mathematics learning outcomes; (3) The interaction strategy of Student
Teams Achievement Divisions (STAD) and Team Assisted Individualization (TAI) in
termsof the discipline of students in mathematics learning outcomes. The reseach
was conducted students of VII Grade of SMPN 2 Banyudono of even semester of
Academic Year 2015/2016 with the population all students of VII a number of 267
students of class VII student. Type of the research is experiment with quasi
experimental design. The class sample on reseach by using the strastified cluster
random sampling. Methods of data collection use the test, questionnaire and
documentation. Data analyzed using analysis of variance with two different cell
lines. The results of data analysis with a significance level of 5% was obtained: (1)
there is effect strategy of Student Teams Achievement Divisions (STAD) and Team
Assisted Individualization (TAI) in mathematics learning outcames with FA=9.783
(2) there is effectsof the discipline of students (high, medium, low) in mathematics
learning outcames with FB =12.711, (3) there is no interaction the learning strategy
of student Teams Achievement Divisions (STAD) and Team Assisted
Individualization (TAI) in terms of the discipline of students in mathematics learning
outcames with FAB=1,588.


Wastewater treatment is of great significance to environmental remediation. The exploration of efficient and stable methods for wastewater treatment is still a challenging issue. Herein, a heterojunction material with photocatalysis and adsorption properties has been designed to remove the complex pollutants from wastewater. The heterojunction material (ZnO/TiO2-PW12, PW12= [PW12O40]3-) was synthesized by calcining the ZnTi-layered double hydroxide (ZnTi-LDH) intercalated with the Keggin-type polyoxometalate H3PW12O40. In the construction of ZnO/TiO2-PW12, it was found that the polyanionic PW12 remained unchanged in the process of forming the proposed heterojunction. The photochemical properties verifies that heterojunction synergistic with PW12 facilitated the separation of photoproduced electron-hole pairs and thus suppressed the recombination. Therefore, ZnO/TiO2-PW12 exhibits excellent photocatalytic properties, and the efficiency of Cr(VI) photoreduction reached more than 90% in the first 3 min. Furthermore, the electrostatic force between the PW12 and cationic dyes makes ZnO/TiO2-PW12 have an outstanding adsorption performance for cationic dyes such as rhodamine B, crystal violet and methyl blue. Such the heterojunction material combined with polyoxometalate puts forwards new insights for the design of functional materials for water treatment with low cost and high efficiency.


This paper presents a case for the importance of an application of Jean-Francois Lyotard's ideas to the analysis of educational leadership. Through exploring Lyotard's concepts of language games, the differend and performativity, this paper argues that the approach taken through the development of leadership standards cannot capture the messy, complex and contradictory phenomenon of leadership, and in fact, works against alternative understandings and approaches. An example of a leadership capabilities framework is used to illustrate the incommensurability of language games at work in these approaches. The paper then considers other ways of undertaking research in educational leadership to provoke further study in the 'field'.


Novel technology has formed the new track of payment transactions. Electronic payments are accelerating this drive, and new developments including Big Data, ubiquitous internet access, and cloud computing have made an enormous global impact. Financial institutions have engaged in leveraging technology for enterprise growth, offering multiple choice of payment methods than before. The appearance of tomorrow's banking may be a stark contrast to what is in currently today due to upgrading in technology. Businesses must recognise what banks offer the options that fulfil clients' expectations. Banks realised that leverage mobile and other digital technologies have made their clients' lives much convenient. The technology has opened new options to banking clients but they are facing many challenges. The objective is to explore demographic, beneficial factors and challenges in adopting digital technology. The current empirical study concluded variables as saving time, and need not be present in the banks are the most influencing in the acceptance of new-technology and the variables as friends and families followed by the internet are playing a big role in increasing awareness of M-banking among the clients.


Theoretical expressions for the factorial moments of the triggered photon-counting distribution that corresponds to a light beam with a periodically modulated intensity are derived. Two triggering procedures are considered: the time-window triggering procedure (which has been experimentally checked for Gaussian light by other authors) and the first-photopulse triggering procedure (which is a faster procedure). The theoretical expressions that correspond to the latter procedure are experimentally checked in this paper by using a square-wave signal. The errors involved in the analysis of the information contained in the light beam, when this information is obtained from the measurement of the first-order factorial moment, are studied.


To investigate temperature and quality change of pasteurized milk during refrigerated distribution,parameters of distribution temperature and time were obtained by means of measuring the distribution cars.Then the total bacterial count,acidity and protein content of pasteurized milk were investigated in the conditions of 8℃ and 10℃ with the control group of 2℃.The results showed that the temperature of the doorway and in the center of carriage would be lower than that innermost,as well as quality change would have been speeded up after 12 hours' distribution.


The fabrication process and fracture characterization of 35 and 65 vol% SiCp particulate-reinforced Al matrix (SiCp/Al) composites have been investigated. SiCp composites having different volume fractions of the n-SiCp were synthesized via by pressureless-infiltration at near-net-shape route and were uniaxially tested at room temperature. The SiC particles were mixed with silicasol as an inorganic binder in distilled water. The mixtures were consolidated in a mold by pressing and dried in two step process, followed by calcination at 1000 °C. The SiCp/Al composites were fabricated by the infiltration of Al melt into SiC performs. The experimental results show that volume fraction of reinforced particles in SiCp/Al composites had a significant influenec on fracture section surface characterization in tensile tests. Composite with 45 vol% SiCp, fracture was firstly happen in Al matrix, shallow dimples and intergranular fractures were seen in all the fractographs. With increasing of vol% SiCp, fracture was more brittle in appearance in the composites and the fracture surfaces were flat and less plastic deformations.


The first commercial system to use magnetically levitated vehicles for public transport opens this month in Birmingham. The Maglev system, pictured above, will carry passengers between the new Birmingham Airport terminal and Birmingham International railway station.


How has globalisation affected the female labour force? Globalisation often refers to the deepening of international economic relations. It is a historic phenomenon but recent interpretations have focused on policies of greater financial liberalisation, trade liberalisation, deflationary macroeconomic policies, fiscal restraint, privatisation, and the introduction of market principles into the public sector.


The Pueraria lobata was used as the raw material, and glucoamylase used for saccharification after the liquefication, and active dry yeast used as ferment. Using response surface methodology (RSM), by which the interaction between the three factors: glucoamylase,α-aylase and active dry yeast,and their optimum levels were studied. The results showed that the highest alcohol concentration is 6.42 % and the highest flavone concentration is 28.69 mg/ml when the fermentation is carried out with glucoamylase concentration of 164.8U/g raw material, α-Amylase concentration of 90.08U/g raw material and active dry yeast concentration of 1.041 g.


Blood vessel formation is essential for embryogenesis, wound healing, and pregnancy, and importantly is a critical component of many diseases. Using a 3‐dimensional model of angiogenesis, we observed that co‐culturing human neonatal dermal fibroblasts (HDFNs) with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) markedly potentiated vessel formation. In this study, we sought to investigate the mechanisms underlying the proangiogenic effect of fibroblasts on vessel assembly. Our data show that conditioned media derived from cultured HDFNs partially mimics the effect of co‐culturing, by enhancing the formation of capillary‐like tubes. These results suggest that soluble factors secreted by HDFNs are partially responsible for the enhanced vessel formation seen in our co‐culture system. Using an angiogenic antibody array, we identified tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease‐1 (TIMP‐1) as one soluble factor that is abundantly present in HDFNs conditioned media. To examine TIMP‐1's direct effect on vessel formation, we introduced exogenous TIMP‐1 protein to HUVECs undergoing angiogenesis. Interestingly, these experiments revealed that TIMP‐1 considerably enhanced vessel formation in a dose‐dependent manner. In conclusion, our data show that fibroblasts significantly increase endothelial cell's ability to form blood vessels, and this effect is partly through paracrine secretion of TIMP‐1.


Using 305 ester plasticizer and other additives to partly replace TOTM for making 105 ℃ PVC cable materials for marine use.The electrical properties and the watersoak electrical properties of the material were tested and analyzed.The result shows that the watersoak electrical property of the cable material can be improved obviously when the 305 ester is used as a primary plasticizer and 4 to 5 portions of TCP are added in it.If dibasic lead phthalate and dibasic lead stearate are used as stabilizer,and adding a little or little M-st,the watersoak electrical properties of the cable material will be more stable.


Intelligent vehicle is a senior development form in intelligent transportation system. Acquisition of accurate positioning information with cameras is a core technology in intelligent vehicles. In this paper, we propose a novel method to recover the vehicle trajectory using stereo vision technology. Our method takes advantage of structure and motion-based approaches, so the pose sequence can be computed without prior information on the structure of the relevant scene. In order to improve the efficiency and robustness, a robust feature detection procedure is conducted between image triples. Estimating vehicle ego-motion based on its epipolar geometric constraint makes the presented method not require the time-consuming reconstruction of 3-dimensional scene structure. An improved random sample consensus (RANSAC) algorithm based on geometrical constraints is also employed, which can effectively remove those outliers that are mismatched features or belong to moving objects. For nonlinear problems, an innovative Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is then adopted to refine the estimated position. Overall, the improvements enable the algorithm to robustly estimate motion in a dynamic environment. Our experiments show that the improved visual odometry (VO) approach performs better than other state-of-the-art positioning methods in terms of computational complexity and accuracy.


With the self-pollinated normal corn ND108 as the check,the yield and plant physiological and biochemical changes of ND108 after pollinated by three high-oil corn hybrids,HOC202,HOC115 and HOC4515,respectively were studied.The results showed that the 100-kernel weight of ND108 pollinated with HOC202 and HOC115 were 10.7% and 3.4% higher than that of the check respectively,while that of ND108 pollinated with HOC4515 was 1.3% lower.Compared with the check,the dry weight and grain yield per plant of ND108 pollinated with HOC202 and HOC115 were obviously higher since the thirty day after pollination;the contents of chlorophyll a and b were always higher after pollination;the peak of leaf area occurred earlier,and it decreased slowly in the late growth period,so the duration of leaf area from pollination to mature was longer.


Gastrointestinal endoscopy, one of the most common procedures in medical practice, has provided more innovative therapeutic options and also raised an increasing concern about quality and evaluation issues. A well-organized and highquality training in endoscopy is clearly required to assure our society of standard endoscopy practice. The apprehension of essential training structure with effective quality assessment, together with ethical consideration is crucial to create such a training program.


A frequently heard explanation for the underdeveloped metro system in Rome is the following one: If we tried to build a new metro line, it would probably be stopped by archeological finds that are too valuable to destroy, so the investment would be wasted. This statement, which seems self-contradictory from the perspective of a single decision maker, can be rationalized in a voting model with diverse constituents. One would think that commitment to finishing the metro line (no matter what is discovered in the process) can resolve this inefficiency. We show, however, that a Condorcet cycle occurs among the plans of action one could feasibly commit to, precisely when the metro project is defeated in step-by-step voting (that is, when commitment is needed). More generally, we prove a theorem for binary-choice trees and arbitrary learning, establishing that no plan of action which is majority-preferred to the equilibrium play without commitment can be a Condorcet winner among all possible plans. Hence, surprisingly, commitment has no power in a large class of voting problems. JEL Classification Numbers: D70, H41, C70


The invention relates to a thermal recovery seal assembly which can bear the high pressure of 20 MPa or above at the high temperature of 350 DEG C and bear the high pressure of 15 MPa or above after the seal assembly bears the high temperature and then the high temperature is reduced to the low temperature. The thermal recovery seal assembly comprises a wedging component, a double-combined seal component, a mandrel and a base. The mandrel is sequentially sleeved with the wedging component and the double-combined seal component. The wedging component and the double-combined seal component can slide on the mandrel. The base is installed on the mandrel and is close to multiple-combined seal components. According to the thermal recovery seal assembly, the requirement for a thermal recovery packer in offshore thermal recovery well production is met and the thermal recovery seal assembly is suitable for the technical field of oil thermal recovery.


Testosterone radioimmunological assays were made in testes of 19th day fetuses affected with pituitary agenesis. Testosterone was found very reduced but still present, indicating a basic synthesis, independent of hypophyseal stimulation. General apparatus of affected fetuses is grossly normal. Intervention of chorionic gonadotrophin is hypothesized.


A field study with 16-year-old students in senior general secondary education was executed with the following research question 'Do students working in pairs on investigation tasks with the computer attain more mathematical level raising when they are supported by a teacher who stimulates their interaction (process help) than when they are supported by a teacher who gives mathematical help (product help)?' Students in both conditions improved, but the two types of help showed no significant difference in level raising. Also, students in both conditions had serious problems with the learning materials, and wanted the teacher to explain and correct more. For students at this level of education, learning with investigation tasks in small groups appears to be very difficult.


The purpose of this study is to define determinants of tourists' behavior focused on tourism omni-channel and to verify the relationship between tourism information search motivation, tourism omni-channel satisfaction, tourism experience and perceived risk. We presented the hypotheses including ease of use, trust and satisfaction and also analyzed the moderator effects of tourism experience and perceived risk(financial risk, psychological risk) variables. For an accuracy of expected results, we focused on survey with 298 respondents. Based upon prior studies, it is meaningful that this study verified 1) the positive relationship between tourism information search motivation and tourism omni-channel satisfaction and 2) the significant moderating effect of financial risk on the relationship between tourism information search motivation and tourism omni-channel satisfaction.


Coroners' data on blood alcohol concentrations of fatally injured crash victims in New South Wales are examined. Published data from Victoria and Queensland are summarised. It is found that in New South Wales the blood alcohol concentrations of a large proportion of all fatally injured drivers and riders remains unknown. An exact estimate of the proportion of drivers and riders with a blood alcohol concentration above the legal limit of 0.08G/100ml cannot be obtained. However, a range of estimates may be obtained by assuming that the unknown blood alcohol concentrations may all be either above or below the legal limit. Based mainly on data collected from New South Wales coroners' courts, and supported by data from other states, it is estimated that 30 per cent to 60 per cent of all drivers and motorcyclists who die as a result of a motor traffic crash have a blood alcohol concentration of 0.08G/100ml (0.08 Per cent) or more (a). This report has been reissued. It was originally published as special report sr79/111 in March 1979.


The National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Mars Exploration Rover (MER) 2003 project is designed to place two mobile laboratories (Rovers) on Mars to remotely characterize a diversity of rocks and soils. Milestones accomplished so far include two successful launches of identical spacecraft (the MER‐A and MER‐B missions) from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida on June 10 and July 7, 2003. Each Rover uses eight Light Weight Radioisotope Heater Units (LWRHUs) fueled with plutonium‐238 dioxide to provide local heating of Rover components. The LWRHUs are provided by the U.S. Department of Energy. In addition, small quantities of radioactive materials in sealed sources are used in scientific instrumentation on the Rover. Due to the radioactive nature of these materials and the potential for accidents, a formal Launch Approval Process requires the preparation of a Final Safety Analysis Report (FSAR) for submittal to and independent review by an Interagency Nuclear Safety Review Panel. This paper presents a summary of the FSAR in terms of potential accident scenarios, probabilities, source terms, radiological consequences, mission risks, and uncertainties in the reported results.


OBJECTIVE
To study the relationship between clinical pathology and antigen expression and DNA content of gastrointestinal carcinoid tumors.

METHODS
Fifty-two cases of paraffin-embedded gastrointestinal carcinoid specimens were collected. According to Gould's criteria, there were 20 cases of typical carcinoid, 20 cases of atypical carcinoid and 12 cases of undifferentiated carcinoid. Ten different kinds of antigen were examined by immunohistochemical staining and DNA contents by flow cytometry.

RESULTS
Calcitonin (CT), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) expression was significantly reduced in typical carcionoid compared to that in other two types of carcionoid. Their expression was more marked in progression than in early stage of the disease. VIP expression was significantly higher in patients with than without lymph node metastases. Cellular DNA analysis showed significant difference between the typical and the other two types of carcinoid. Tumors with expression of VIP and CEA were mostly aneuploid.

CONCLUSION
To study expression of relevant antigens in gastrointestinal carcinoid in relation to histological type and cellular DNA content helps determine its biologic behavior and prognosis.


With the requirement of curriculum reform in new period,this paper proposes gym teachers for the concept of development in the type of research,cooperation,profession for sports education,and expounds its connotation and necessity.


Asymmetric (freeform) optical components have gathered a large deal of attention triggered by the substantial performance gains demonstrated in imaging and non-imaging optical systems. In the growing trend for device miniaturization and cost reduction through optical components with relevant dimensions well below the millimetre scale, freeform microlens arrays (FMLAs) are very promising albeit considerably more challenging to design, manufacture and characterize that their macroscopic counterparts. Here, we present some innovative designs, fabrication approaches and characterization strategies developed at CSEM to overcome some of the existing limitations.


In this paper, a Quaternary fault is described, which is developed in the mid-eastern part of Ulsan Fault Zone, near the southern Gaegok-ri, Oedong-eub, Gyeongju, Korea. The Gaegok 6 fault is developed along the contact between Early Tertiary granite and Quaternary gravel deposit overlying unconformably the granite. The fault strikes and dips to the west. This fault has a 30~50 cm wide cataclastic shear zone with gouge zone, mixed with Quaternary sediments and fault breccia of granite. In the main Quaternary fault plane, the orientation of striation is , , indicating a dextral strike-slip faulting with some normal component. There is another striation (, and , ) with reverse-slip sense, developed on the subsidiary plane which cuts the main Quaternary fault plane. In brief, the fault has been developed between the granite in the western part and the Quaternary gravel deposit in the eastern part. The western block of fault is uplifted. The striations and movement senses of faults indicate multiple compressional stages in this region. The fault has a similar orientation, westward dipping geometric pattern, and reverse sensed kinematic pattern with Gaegok 1 fault developed in the north. Thus, the Gaegok 6 fault is probably a southern extension of Gaegok 1 fault.


Matrix metalloproteinase(MMP) is a kind of highly conservative interior-contacted enzyme that depends on calcium and zinc ion which can degrade nearly all the extracellular matrix protein. MMP-9 participates in the destruction, remould of the extracellular matrix, as well as the chemotaxis of lung organization and plays influential roles in the aspect of the formation, development, inflammation continuance of the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD). Seeking for MMP-9 inhibitors that posses smaller or less poisonous side effects and highly specificity to improve the airways remoulds has important meaning to the prevention and the treatment of COPD. The source, structure feature, gene expression and regulation of MMP-9 and the mechanism in COPD are reviewed.

Key words:
Matrix metalloproteinase-9; Tissue inhibitor of metalloprotinease-1; Chronic obstructivepulmonary disease


Conclusion: This is the largest reported series of patients with SSc prescribed HPN, which is life-saving in patients with severe bowel involvement. Our study shows that HPN offers a safe means of nutritional support for patients with severe SSc-related GI involvement, but that SSc-related mortality remains high. The catheter-related sepsis rate of patients with SSc was low. In addition, the majority of patients with SSc relied on others for their catheter care. Disclosure statement: The authors have declared no conflicts of interest. Background: Fibrotic responses in scleroderma (SSc) initiated in perivascular and subepithelial sites of cellular activation, spread leading to widespread and severe skin and organ fibrosis. Fibroblasts are recruited into the sites of activation, leading to worsening and extension of the fibrotic process. We propose that PDGF, a known chemo-attractant and mitogen for fibroblasts, is responsible for fibroblast recruitment into active SSc lesions, and that this may be especially relevant to lung fibrosis by recruiting activated fibroblasts to lesional sites. Methods: Aligned and woven patterned collagen tissue culture substrates were used to study SSc and control fibroblast migration in vitro . Promotion of migration by recombinant PDGF-BB, fetal calf serum (FCS), and dermal interstitial blister fluid from SSc patients or healthy controls was examined. Imatinib which blocks the PDGF receptor tyrosine kinase, and heparin which binds PDGF, were studied as potential antagonists of migration. Results: SSc or control lung fibroblasts applied as cellular foci (25,000) cells were found to align and migrate on aligned but not woven substrates, in the presence of 10% Background: Patient self-report of digital colour changes and objective assessment using infrared thermography (IRT) are useful in disease classification of RP. To date, no studies have evaluated gender-related differences in patient reported colour changes of RP and thermographic assessment of digital microvascular function. Methods: A retrospective review of patients with primary RP and SSc referred for IRT evaluation of RP was undertaken. Patients were classified as primary RP if they had a clinician diagnosis of RP in conjunction with a negative ANA and no other RP associated condition. Patients were classified as SSc if they fulfilled modified 2013 ACR/EULAR classification criteria (excluding RP criterion). Thermographic analysis of the dorsal aspect of the hands Conclusion: Males appear to report fewer digital colour changes of RP than females and have less pronounced peripheral microvascular compromise on IRT assessment. The clinical significance of these findings in terms of symptom burden and vascular complications of SSc has not been assessed in this study. These findings may indicate a need for gender-specific DDD thresholds for disease classification in the thermographic assessment of RP. Disclosure statement: The authors have declared no conflicts of interest. Background: Scleroderma renal crisis (SRC) usually presenting with accelerated hypertension and acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the most severe complications of SSc. The presence of RNA-polymerase III auto-antibodies (ARA) is recognized as a strong risk factor for SRC but studies have not explored long-term outcomes in ARA positive cases compared with ARA negative cases. Methods: Of more than 2000 SSc patients attending our institution between 1990 and 2013, 150 patients had a confirmed SRC. 80% patients had diffuse cutaneous SSc (dcSSc) and 20% patients had limited cutaneous SSc (lcSSc). ARA was measured by commercial ELISA or radio-immuno-precipitation. Patients were divided into two groups: ARA positive or ARA negative. Demographic and clinical parameters were compared between groups using Student's t-test or Chi-squared analyses where appropriate. Results: 61/150(41%)patients were ARA positive and significantlymore likely to have dcSSc (88.3% vs 73.8%, P ¼ 0.032) than lcSSc compared with ARA negative patients. There was no significant difference in age of onset of SRC (51.2 vs 51.9 years) or the number of females (73% vs 79%) between the two groups. 50.8% of ARA positive patients required dialysis compared with 29.2% of ARA negative Background: SLE is a chronic multisystem disease for which there is no cure. Management is focused on systemic


Another physical model of the presence of light, properties, and its direction. Clarifies the conundrum of invariance and isotropy of light in view of the laws of traditional material science.


The kinetics of the Ce4+-decay and the formation of CO2 are measured in sulfuric acid solutions of malonic acid. The reaction rate is slowed down by Ce3+ -ions due to a reaction of Ce3+ with malonic acid radicals. The primary source of CO2 is the decarboxylation of malonic acid radicals. Implications on the mechanism of the BZ reaction are discussed.


Organ parts survive for many of the works, and the editors have sensitively provided parts where they do not exist; exceptions are the tuneful five-part almaines, where a theorbo seems more appropriate (if a chordal accompaniment is needed at all), and the six-part almaines, which are thought to have been the repertory of the royal wind consorts—due in part to their narrow range and the royal Stuart arms, 'in a garland of vine-branches, flanked by lion and unicorn supporters', stamped in gold on the binding. Pitch is another uncomfortable topic addressed squarely, with on the one hand recent research suggesting a high pitch for English chamber organs, and on the other hand the observations by both Michael Praetorius and Mersenne that the English played their viols at a low pitch 'so as to render the sound of them sweeter and more charming'. The prefatory material also includes six pages of illuminating facsimiles: a keyboard score in Thomas Tomkins's hand; Berardi's example in Arcani musicali svelati; a first treble part perhaps copied by Sir Nicholas Le Strange's 'musical servant' Thomas Brewer, and annotated by Sir Nicholas and his scribe; the treble part of the pavan 'On Four Notes' copied by Thomas Myriell and set to Jonson's words: 'Heare mee, O God!'; a compressed score on four staves; and another organ part in John Hilton's hand. For the musical text itself, in the absence of any autographs, the editors have decided against choosing one version as a 'best source', but rather have created a conflation 'that is likely to reflect Ferrabosco's intentions'. I feel we are in excellent hands here, and the comprehensive textual commentary gives the extensive variants in a remarkably digestible and engaging manner. The scores are clear and clean, with discreet cross-references to other readings when appropriate. That 50 sources still survive bears witness to Ferrabosco's esteem; many others must have disappeared. Fifteen large Musica Britannica pages are given to a discussion of provenances, which once again makes captivating reading. One manuscript, now housed in Christ Church, possibly belonged to Sir Thomas Crewe (1565–1633), who in 1623 became Speaker of the House of Commons; another, in the Rowe Library of King's College Cambridge, was purchased by the economist Maynard Keynes and donated to the college during his time as bursar there. In short, this edition is a formidable achievement and a model of how to tackle such a task. Happily, instrumental parts are also available for all works: Musica Britannica have issued the consort music of five parts (with the four-part hexachord piece) under the catalogue reference H443, and David Pinto has edited the six-part works for the Corda Early Music Series in three books, CMP 410 to 412. Here is a feast of music by the composer whom Anthony Wood described as: 'The most famous man in all ye world For fantasies of 5, or 6 parts'.


This study explores heterochthonous monetary shocks' effect on the initial public offering market, employing excessive-frequency identity approach. Saengchote and Sthienchoak (2020) databank include 190 SBP official statement between 2001 and 2020. Modifications in 3-months fed futures, which can be negatively associated with Standard and Poor 500 within thirty-min window (15-minutes earlier, 15-minutes later) immediate SBP official statements, are categorized as traditional shocks. Contractionary shocks within the traditional logic cause a drop in the initial public offering undertaking. Opposed to, contractionary shocks that deliver the influential financial facts generate an upward thrust in initial public offering task. The setting apart traditional monetary shocks from state financial institution statistics shocks permits an ironic evaluation of monetary policies affecting initial public offering market. This study has added two major points to literature as it shows that monetary policy has impartial role in determining initial public offering market, also research shows that informational effect of financial shocks is as essential such as traditional effect in upsetting the initial public offering goings-on.


Irradiation of benzophenone O-acetyloxime, O-phenylacetyloxime, O-benzoyloxime, and O-(p-chlorobenzoyl)oxime in benzene, toluene, chlorobenzene, or o-xylene effected aromatic substitution on the solvent molecules by diphenylmethaniminyl radicals to give N-diphenylmethylenearylamines only when benzoxyl or p-chlorobenzoxyl radicals were generated concurrently. A mechanism involving a participation of the sufficiently long-lived acyloxyl radicals is proposed for the iminylation reaction on the basis of the reactivity patterns in this substitution reaction. o-Phenylbenzophenone O-benzoyloxime was also photolyzed in benzene to give 9-phenylphenanthridine, the intramolecular cyclization product of 2-biphenylylphenylmethaniminyl radicals.


We consider the thermodynamic behavior of a disordered interacting electron system in two dimensions. We show that the corrections to the thermodynamic potential in the weakly localized regime give rise to a non monotonic behavior of the speciic heat both in temperature and magnetic eld. From this eeect we predict the appearance of adiabatic hysteresis in the magnetoconductance. Our results can be interpreted as precursor eeect of formation of local moments in disordered electron systems. We also comment on the relevance of our analysis in three dimensional systems. The recent discovery of a B = 0 metal-insulator transition (MIT) in high mobility silicon MOSFETs 1] has revived the interest in disordered electron systems. Whereas conventional scaling theory predicts no metallic state in two dimensions 2] the experiments show a metallic temperature dependent resistivity with a characteristic exponential behavior. Although there have been attempts to interpret these experimental ndings within a phenomenological single parameter scaling theoryy3], there is growing experimental evidence as witnessed by magnetic eld measurements 4] that electron-electron interaction in the spin channel is relevant and needs explicit consideration. Based on the existing theory of disorder and interactionn5], it has been pointed out recentlyy6] that the very existence of a metallic state at low temperatures is indeed possible because of enhanced spin uctuations, though a more thorough understanding of the behavior of various physical quantities is doubtless required. In particular it has been suggested that magnetoconductance in parallel eld and tun-neling measurements should provide good diagnostic tests for this theory.


With an increasing interest in the deployment of unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) to support complex ocean operations, high‐speed USVs (≥40 knots) have become an important option, especially in accomplishing demanding tasks such as coastal guarding. At present, there is a vast amount of studies focusing on the development of USVs' autonomous navigation systems, and the results of most of them have only been verified by simulations or demonstrations on low‐speed experimental USVs (≤20 knots). It remains unclear how high‐speed USVs would perform in real applications. In particular, when USVs are navigating at high‐speed, reliable obstacle detections and robust motion control become increasingly difficult to achieve than in normal conditions. This paper therefore presents a new autonomous navigation system for high‐speed USVs with the system software and hardware been designed on the basis for ensuring a safe and reliable operation. Within such a system, a collision avoidance algorithm based on velocity obstacle able to adjust the USV's heading and speed in real‐time has been integrated. A local environment modelling method and a heading maintain method by considering Coast Guard International Regulations for Avoiding Collision at Sea are proposed to improve the reliability and stability of the system. The effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed system has been verified and validated by hardware‐in‐the‐loop simulation tests and sea trials on a high‐speed USV ("Tianxing No. 1") in practical maritime environments. Results show that the autonomous navigation system adapts to the characteristics of high‐speed USVs and can guide high‐speed USVs (≥40 knots) in realising a safe autonomous navigation, which significantly improves the USV's autonomy level.


This scientific article deals with the spiritual and moral aspects of teaching philosophy in higher educational institutions. The author identifies and analyzes the main problems most frequently encountered in the process of teaching philosophy. The author drew attention to key issues related to the formation of a worldview, spiritual and moral guidelines and the education of the student's personality. In the course of the research, the author analyzed the spiritual and moral aspects with the involvement of a personal theoretical and practical arsenal and experience of teaching philosophy in higher educational institutions. In this regard, the theoretical and practical significance of scientific research consists in identifying general trends and spiritual and moral aspects of teaching philosophy. In the process of studying this problem, the author used general logical methods of theoretical knowledge and the following methods of scientific research: analysis and synthesis, comparative analysis, generalization, analogy and a systematic approach. The author focused the main emphasis in the research on classical philosophical works, on modern studies of philosophers, as well as socio-philosophical, pedagogical research in the field of teaching philosophy. An important point of this scientific research is the question of the spiritual and moral significance and the meaning of teaching philosophy in higher educational institutions. The spiritual and moral aspects of teaching philosophy identified, proposed and tested by the author can help to increase students' interest in the study of philosophy.


South Africa does not currently have a strong bicycle culture, as most cycling is of a recreational nature. At the same time, inadequate and expensive transport, particularly for many rural individuals and groups, is one of the significant features ofpoverty in South Africa's rural areas. Many people do not have easy access to vital social and economic activities and opportunities. Because of transport limitations, attempts to promote bicycle transport, by establishing micro bicycle retail outlets in identified rural communities have been in place since the year 2000 in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN). Cycling is viewed as a relatively cheap and efficient means of transport, which has the potential to reduce the transport burden ofgroups and individuals designated under the term the 'rural poor' . This study is an exploratory qualitative investigation. Its main aim was to uncover and understand (through observation and interviews), the perceptions of identified rural groups and individuals about the potential of bicycle transport in improving rural travel of up to 20 kilometres. The study sought to identify factors influencing bicycle ownership and use, and whether or not this has become the prerogative ofboth male and female members ofrural communities. The key issues which emerged from the collected data, point to the following: that household economic status; cultural prohibitions; selfinterests ofkey stake holders; lack ofcredit facilities and or subsidies, are the main obstacles for many rural inhabitants with interest in undertaking investment in bicycle transport resources.


EH oil pressure of No.8 unit in Xuan Wei power plant drops when it performs loading off test. The main reason is the shut down time of the electro-hydraulic servomotor that controls the governing valve doesn't suit to that of the electromagnetic fast valve.By reforming DEH operating circuit;we have reached the expectant purpose.


1School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, 7 Hefei, China 8 2CAS Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology, University of Science and T 9 echnology of China, Hefei, China 10 3School3Frontiers Science Center for Planetary Exploration and Emerging 11 Technologies, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China 12 4School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of 13 Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China 14 4Division5Division of Environment and Sustainability, Hong Kong University of 15 Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR, China 16


The biotope approach developed originally for use in Northern Europe has been used to describe and classify benthic marine assemblages in various parts o f the world, including the Laguna San Rafael National Park (LSRNP) in southern Chile and nearby protected areas. Given is a brief description o f how to identify, describe, classify and map marine biotopes. Some o f the more widely distributed rocky shore biotopes in the LSRNP area are briefly described. Full biotope descriptions are given for the most distinctive biotope within the fjords (Macrocystis pyrifera biotope) and two on the very wave-exposed open Pacific coast (Durvillaea antarctica, Lessonia nigrescens). All the biotopes recognised are regarded as provisional and require further testing and refinement. Once refined biotopes can be taken into account when making management and conservation decisions on seashore and seabed habitats within the LSRNP and surrounding nature reserves.


Body Image Disturbances: The Effects of Media on Self-Appraisal and Ideal Mate Selection. (April 2000) Sara Kay Litzsinger Department of Psychology Texas ARM University Fellows Advisor: Dr. David H. Gleaves Department of Psychology Previous research indicates that while media images of women and men are becoming more thin and muscular (respectively), the size and weight of American people is increasing. Several researchers have found that media images of ideal body types are highly related to body dissatisfaction and negative self-evaluation. Although some researchers have found that interventions regarding media images (i. e. education about the unrealistic nature of these images) negate the effect of media images on body dissatisfaction, most researchers have found no effect. The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of printed media images and interventions on participants' perceived body image, ideal body image, ideal body shape for the opposite sex, and current mood state. Five hundred and twelve undergraduates (males n=249, females n=263) viewed a slideshow containing either ideal, average, or overweight male and female images. After the slideshow, half of the participants (n=258) received an intervention, which consisted of a handout explaining techniques commonly used by the media to enhance the appearance of models (e. g. , airbrushing, image splicing, and resizing). Measures of body dissatisfaction, perceived body image, ideal body image, ideal body shape of the opposite sex, depression, anger, anxiety, and vigor will be compared from pre-test to post-test using Analysis of Variance, in order to determine the effects of the images and intervention on the dependent variables. Because of the lack of an effect of the manipulation, there was limited ability to test the effectiveness of the intervention. Future research similar to the current study should not present participants with both male and female images. To prevent possible confounds, participants should view either ideal, average, or overweight men or women.


A Connection between the Cantor-Bendixson Derivative and the Well-Founded Semantics of Finite Logic Programs hougl—s genzer ¡ terey fF 'emmel e˜str—™t Results of Schlipf [S95] and Fitting [F01] show that the well-founded semantics of a nite predicate logic program can be quite complex. In this paper , we show that there is a close connection between the construction of the perfect kernel of a ¥ 0 1 class via the iteration of the Cantor-Bendixson derivative through the ordinals and the construction of the well-founded semantics for nite predicate logic programs via Van Gelder's alternating xpoint construction. This connection allows us to transfer known complexity results for the perfect kernel of ¥ 0 1 classes to give new complexity results for various questions about the well-founded semantics wfs(€) of a nite predicate logic program €. ueywords logic program ¡ well-founded semantics ¡ Cantor-Bendixson derivative w—them—ti™s ƒu˜je™t gl—ssi™—tion @PHHHA 68T27 ¡ 03B70 ¡ 68N17 I sntrodu™tion The main goal of this paper is to show that there is a close connection between the alternating xed point construction of the well-founded semantics of a nite predicate logic program due to Van Gelder [V89,V93] and the classical topological construction of the perfect kernal from point set topology


Potassium hydrogen sulfate catalyzes the one-pot three components coupling of aldehydes, anilines, and electron rich dienophiles such as dihydropyran, dihydrofuran, ethyl vinylether, and cyclopentadiene. With o-hydroxybenzaldehyde, the reaction probably proceeds through the formation of o-quinonemethide intermediate, which subsequently undergoes cycloaddition with cyclic and acyclic enol ethers leading to the formation of respective chromanes. However, in case of benzaldehydes with no o-hydroxy group, the imine formed acts as the heterodiene and leads to the formation of tetrahydroquinolines.


This paper describes an embedded intelligent video system,which can identify invasion and based on ARM9.This system can real-time process graphics data(which is acquired by camera) with algorithms of invasion capturing and invasion tracking which is designed by the writer,in order to real-time and continuous monitor invasion,to identify its behavior and to judge with the identification whether the invasion is suspicious,and then,to forecast a trend and to warn in time.This system has the function of prevention,which is superior to the investigating and obtaining evidence after the event of traditional video surveillance system.Based on the test in actual scene,the writer proved that the system is feasible.


Octave spanning, coherent supercontinuum comb with high flatness was realized with normal dispersion highly nonlinear fiber, similariton amplifier, and stabilized Er-doped fiber laser comb. Highly coherent properties were confirmed after 1.4 km fiber delivery.


The present paper deals with the application of the pre-column derivatization procedure with PITC to the determination of amino acids levels in must and wine by reverse-phase HPLC. The method can be applied directly to the determination of 19 amino acids in wines, with a relative standard deviation ranging from 1.4% to 3.6% and with an error lower than 5% using the external standard mode. This method can be applied to the determination of amino acids in musts by external standard procedure when the sugar content is lower than 50 g/L. Higher concentration of sugar requires the use of an internal standard procedure. Using α-aminobutyric acid as internal standard the results obtained are similar to those obtained in the determination of amino acids in wines. This procedure has been applied to the determination of 19 amino acids in must and wine of the Chardonnay variety in the Origin Denomination Somontano (Spain).


SUBTITLE: LONG-TERM INVESTMENT PROGRAMMES REQUIRE LONG-TERM DIRECTION WITH A COHESIVE STRATEGY FOR TRANSPORT POLICY, ALLOWING OPTIONS AND SCENARIOS TO BE PROPERLY ASSESSED.


Financial institutions manage numerous portfolios whose risk must be managed continuously, and the large amounts of data that has to be processed renders this a considerable effort. As such, a syst ...


The objective of this study is to evaluate the fetal cerebral vasculature by three‐dimensional (3D) ultrasonography and Doppler technologies in normal fetuses and to describe a systematic method for analysis of volume data sets.


An approach for rapid HPLC-based profiling for new GABAA ligands of natural origin has been developed. Active extracts are separated by a single injection of 3 - 10 mg of extract onto a semi-preparative (150 × 10 mm i. d.) HPLC column with gradient elution and time-based fractionation. The microfractions are tested in an automated two-microelectrode voltage-clamp assay on Xenopus oocytes expressing recombinant GABAA channels composed of α1, β2 and γ2S subunits. The protocol has been validated by spiking experiments with inactive extract and the GABAA receptor ligand magnolol, and by profiling of active extracts such as valerian extract containing the known GABAA receptor ligand valerenic acid. For dereplication of GABA containing extracts, we established a rapid and simple procedure by which GABA is analyzed as OPA derivative by reversed-phase HPLC. This dereplication protocol was validated with plant and fungal extracts which had been previously tested active or inactive in the oocyte assay and with spiking experiments.


Thermal cracking on asphalt pavement seriously affects driving quality and service life of pavement.The paper makes research on influence of asphalt technical performance on cryogenic property of asphalt mixture Grey Correlation Analysis Method.


: Modern trends for the application of biological control and modern technologies in agricultural projects are revolutionizing the way we approach pest management and crop production. Integrated Pest Management (IPM): IPM is an approach that combines various pest management strategies, including biological control, to minimize the use of synthetic pesticides while effectively managing pests. It involves monitoring pest populations, using natural enemies like predatory insects, deploying pheromones or traps, and adopting cultural practices to create unfavorable conditions for pests. IPM promotes sustainable pest control and reduces the risks associated with pesticide use. Biological Control: Biological control utilizes living organisms, such as beneficial insects, mites, nematodes, and microorganisms, to suppress pests. This approach can be implemented through augmentation, where natural enemies are released into the field, or conservation, which involves creating habitats and providing resources to enhance the population of natural enemies. Modern technologies are enabling the mass production and efficient release of beneficial organisms, improving their effectiveness as biological control agents. Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology: Genetic engineering techniques allow for the development of genetically modified (GM) crops with traits that confer resistance to pests, diseases, or herbicides. For example, crops can be engineered to produce insecticidal proteins that are toxic to specific pests, reducing the need for chemical pesticides. Biotechnology also plays a role in developing diagnostic tools for early detection of pests and diseases, helping farmers take timely preventive or control measures.


This investigation work is focus for establish the reasons why it is necessary to reform the Ecuadorian legislation, with the propose of establishing a minimum age of criminal responsibility to 16 years, based on the following contradiction: The "Constitucion de la Republica del Ecuado"r, Article 62, paragraph 2, sets the political right to vote, as an option, for adolescents between 16 and 18 years old; in front of the "Codigo Organico Integral Penal y Codigo de la Ninez y Adolescencia", in which it states that people under 18 are unimputables from criminal prosecution. This apparent contradiction manifests that in Ecuador are two completely different thesis about granting rights and imposing responsibilities, it is unfortunately that lawmakers believe that adolescents are fully capable of understanding to decide on the future representatives of the country but cannot understand that killing is a crime, so they should be punished by law. The proposal of this Titling work is properly based during its development, it shows that the argument in which the unimputability of juvenile offenders provided under Ecuadorian law is based in unfounded and invalidity from a scientific aspect, demonstrating that the special regime established to prosecute juvenile offenders, specifically for those over 16 and under 18 who commit crimes against of life, it would be a privilege rather than a necessity. Likewise, the importance of the reform stands out as prevention mechanism commission of crimes against of life and it is necessary because the legal right is protected is the most important that is why only one who has life can exercise the other rights attributed to them.


Predictor-based algorithms have achieved remarkable performance in the Neural Architecture Search (NAS) tasks. However, these methods suffer from high computation costs, as training the performance predictor usually requires training and evaluating hundreds of architectures from scratch. Previous works along this line mainly focus on reducing the number of architectures required to fit the predictor. In this work, we tackle this challenge from a different perspective - improve search efficiency by cutting down the computation budget of architecture training. We propose NOn-uniform Successive Halving (NOSH), a hierarchical scheduling algorithm that terminates the training of underperforming architectures early to avoid wasting budget. To effectively leverage the non-uniform supervision signals produced by NOSH, we formulate predictor-based architecture search as learning to rank with pairwise comparisons. The resulting method - RANK-NOSH, reduces the search budget by ~ 5× while achieving competitive or even better performance than previous state-of-the-art predictor-based methods on various spaces and datasets.


In this paper, we analyze several classes of functions proposed in the literature to simultaneously generalize weighted means and ordered weighted averaging (OWA) operators: weighted OWA (WOWA) operators, hybrid weighted averaging (HWA) operators, and ordered weighted averaging‐weighted average (OWAWA) operators. Since, in some cases, the results provided by these operators may be questionable, we introduce functions that also generalize both operators and characterize those satisfying a condition imposed to maintain the relationship among the weights.


The modern State was constituted by the end of the Middle Age and the Nation-State, as we understand it today, appeared during the 19 th Century. The relationship between the Nation-State and rights was forged in the French Revolution, in the mark of the 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. Therefore, from the said Declaration, the state of law is consolidated in modern Western tradition, balancing the individual rights and guarantees based on an abstract conception of individual rights to be safeguarded by the State and against the State, although sustained by a problematic and incomplete theoretical framework, the source of a discussion that extends to the present day. In face of this fact, the aim of this work is to test the following hypothesis: the human person is the bearer of rights only if he is under the protection of the State, otherwise he is reduced to nothing, invalidating the universalist view of the 1789 Declaration (and the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights). To do so, we will expose the debate, dividing it according to the view of three groups of scholars: 1) the advocates of the universalism of rights; 2) the critics of such universalism; 3) the advocates of a conciliation between universalism and specific cultural demands. As a conclusion, we will present a balance of the debate and show its perspectives.


Case series Patients:— Final Diagnosis: Metabolic acidosis Symptoms: Deafness Medication: — Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Neurology Objective: Rare disease Background: The pathogenic mitochondrial DNA variant m.3243A>G is associated with a wide range of clinical features, making disease course and prognosis extremely difficult to predict. We aimed to understand the cause of this broad intra-familial phenotypic heterogeneity in a large family carrying the variant m.3243A>G. Cases Reports: Thirteen family members were clinically affected. Clinical manifestations occurred in the brain, eyes, ears, endocrine organs, myocardium, intestines, kidneys, muscle, and nerves. Five family members carried the m.3243A>G variant. The 2 most severely affected patients were the index patient, a 60-year-old woman, and her sister, who was deceased. The phenotypic features most frequently found were hypoacusis and cerebellar atrophy. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was diagnosed in 3 family members. Short PQ syndrome and gestosis had not been reported to date. The broad phenotypic heterogeneity was attributed to variable heteroplasmy rates and variable mtDNA copy numbers. All affected patients benefited from symptomatic treatment. Conclusions: The mitochondrial DNA variant m.3243A>G can manifest phenotypically with a non-syndromic, multisystem phenotype with wide intra-familial heterogeneity. Rare manifestations of the m.3243A>G variant are gestosis and short PQ syndrome. The broad intra-familial phenotypic heterogeneity may be related to fluctuating heteroplasmy rates or mitochondrial DNA copy numbers and may lead to misdiagnosis for years.


A nine year old female dog of mixed breed was suspected for hypothyroidism on the basis of clinical signs and symptoms. Hypothyroidism was confirmed by estimation of serum levels of T3, T4, and TSH which were 0.24 ng/dl (0.45 - 1.5 ng/ml), 0.80 μg/dl (1.5 to 3.4 μg/dl) and 0.22 uIU/dl (0.35 - 5.50) respectively. Clinically, dog showed lethargy, alopecia, seborrhoea, increase in weight and inappetance. The dog was treated with Sodium levothyroxine (Synthetic T4)@ 20 ugm/kg b. i.d. (Eltroxin*) for every twelve hour for one week.


Recent behavioral and cultural changes driven by the paradigm of mass collaboration highlighted the phenomenon of crowdsourcing as an innovative and promising production model, with positive effects in several business areas. In the field of music, the so called wave of crowds has fostered creative processes where people from anywhere in the world with Internet access can collaborate in different ways in musical productions, even not being practitioners. The present work is a study of crowd computing applications in the context of music, with an eye towards the crowdsourcing phenomena. We investigate forms of collaboration involving crowds and the available platforms. We also discuss the challenges coupled to this domain and propose a research agenda.


The existence of information technology has become an important thing where as a tool that helps work in an organization, company, or institution. At this time, ethics in the world of information technology where Internet crime appears in general is a criminal act by hacking internet sites for personal purposes, while deviant behavior in internet use is such as cybersex and cyberaffair, sexting and pornography, cyberstalking and cyberbullying on the internet and also addicted to the internet. The method used in this research is qualitative research with a case study approach or often referred to as field research where qualitative research with a case study approach. The subjects in this study were teenagers. The subjects in this study were teenagers. Data collection was carried out by means of a literature study based on problems with the stages of collecting materials, reading materials, making notes, and managing notes obtained. According to the Christian ethical view, the human ability to study technology and information does not matter because technology can be used by humans in completing daily work, but on the other hand, technology and information become tools for humans to make mistakes in their lives. God to humans is intended so that humans build awareness from within themselves about the goodness and wisdom of God in every creation and innovation in technology and information, with this awareness humans will be able to use technological knowledge and information in a directed manner according to God's wishes and with Christian ethics.


This paper presents an approach to the computational use of drawings through the development of complexity measures, defined as the information content of the description of a drawing's structure. As such it is the function of the representation used. The paper presents examples of the use of such measurements applied to design drawings of architects.


Engineering geological investigation was carried out to characterize the soil in the Lahore area. Eleven samples were collected from various locations from 25-50 cm depth. Mostly these samples are from green belt and parks where original alluvial deposits exist. Field and laboratory tests were performed to determine the geotechnical properties by adopting standard test procedures. The mineralogical composition of the soil has been verified with XRD for all the samples. The results indicate that geotechnical properties of the soil are as, density 18.30 KN/m 3 , moisture content by oven dried method 11.90%, moisture content by speedy moisture meter 19.25%, specific gravity 2.78, liquid limit 32.46%, plastic limit 21.57%, friction angle 23.07 o , optimum moisture content 8.55% and dry density 3.97g/cm 3 . The XRD results clearly shows that the soil in Lahore area is predominately composed of Quartz, Muscovite and Clinoclore as major minerals and can be classified as silty clay.


The paper focuses on the methodology for assessing Sustainable Mobility (SM) at the neighbourhood scale. For this purpose, two different ex-ante evaluation approaches are considered: Multicriteria Analysis (MCA) and Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA). If the MCA is an acknowledged technique for the assessment of sustainability at neighbourhood level, CBA is mainly used for infrastructure and large transformation projects. Besides, the two methodologies present strengths and weaknesses; MCA, for instance, does not evaluate public expense efficiency, but only its effectiveness towards the goals to achieve. On the contrary, CBA appears less effective in managing some intangible benefits (and costs), which are very relevant, especially at this scale, for achieving sustainable mobility and urban quality of life. The joint use of the two methodologies could overcome the weaknesses above mentioned, providing a coherent methodology for assessing both efficiency and effectiveness of policies and projects. The aim of this paper is twofold: (i) analyse the two methodologies when applied at the neighbourhood scale, highlighting strengths and weaknesses of both, (ii) propose an integrated approach, considering both the methodologies, in order to overcome their weaknesses and to reach the goal of assessing SM in the neighbourhoods. The paper is structured into five sections. The Introduction is followed by the description of the MCA (section 2) and the CBA (section 3), with specific emphasis on the SM assessments. Section 4 is dedicated to the investigation of strengths and weaknesses of MCA and CBA, while in section 5 a joint approach is proposed and discussed to evaluate SM at neighbourhood level, in order to overcome some weaknesses of the two methodologies. Follows the framing of further research questions.


After the collapse of Soviet Union and east European socialist countries,there are two totally opposite views on present capitalism.The standpoint to the present capitalism is an urgent and important task directly relating to the future fate of human beings.Thereupon,it is beneficial to investigate different criticisms by Western Marxist and the other western left-wing thinkers on the background of the West capitalist system.


Abstract The Geographical Imagination in America, 1880-1950, Susan Schulten, Chicago, Illinois: The University of Chicago Press. 2001. 319 pp. ISBN: 0-226-74055-2 (cloth).


【Objective】The purpose was to research the change of biomass and growth character of Dactylis glomerata under different utilization modes and provide theoretical basis for the reasonable utilization of natural mowing grassland.【Method】Using potted plants,D.glomerata in mowing grassland was studied.The focus was on the change of biomass and growth character under different utilization modes that are untreated condition,spring grazing and cutting,spring grazing and cutting and autumn grazing and cutting and autumn grazing,cutting.【Result】The results showed that different utilization modes had significant effect on leaves amount,leaves length and leaves width(P0.05).There was significant positive correlation between tillers number and belowground biomass of D.glomerata under cutting and autumn grazing mode,but aboveground biomass was significantly negatively correlatied with length and stem width .【Conclusion】There was effect on biomass and growth character of D.glomerata under different utilization modes.The mode of cutting then grazing was Comparatively fit for the utilization of the local gramineous and weed meadowland which takes D.glomerata as the majority.


Abstract. 1. Atta sexdens changes diel periods of foraging, the size of its foraging territory, the numbers and lengths of foraging trails, and its rate of foraging with respect to seasonality in subtropical Paraguay. Leaf loads are significantly larger in warmer months than loads carried in cooler months.


Objective To explore the influence of rehabilitative treatment on common psychological status of disability orphans with chilopalatognathus before and after operation. Methods Disability orphans with chilopalatognathus were investigated on their common psychological problems by self-designed sheet that was referenced psychological measuring scale. Results There was no significant difference in 2~6 year-old group; there was no significant difference in anxious and dependent in 7~14 year-old group, but significant difference existed in inferiority feeling(χ~2=13.98, P0.01). Conclusions Successful operation and positive mental care have positive effects in rebuilding disability orphans' self-confidence.


DalText, a prototype information retrieval system has been developed that permits the user to select access methods based on the task at hand. The system integrates multiple access techniques to such textual data as those generated through word processing packages, newsgroups, e‐mail, etc., that are not maintained in traditional database management systems or information retrieval systems. The access methods available include viewing the data as a sequence of records for browsing, generating sets of records through string matching and Boolean combinations, and through generating a table schema and instantiating attribute values dynamically. As the access methods are all based on the same underlying data access model, the user can flip back and forth between the access methods in order to best accomplish the task at hand. An evaluation was conducted to test for correlations among a number of different variables. Of note among the results, it was found that the subjects used the access method best suited to the information task rather than relying on the access method with which they were familiar. The results indicate that further investigation should be conducted on the development of information retrieval systems that allow users to select access and display methodologies appropriate to the task at hand. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


In piezoelectric materials and at the nano-scale, there is a coupling between electrical polarization and strain gradients fields, which is called flexoelectricity. The effects of this phenomenon seem to be negligible in micro/macro scales. The current study has attempted to have a cohesive concentration on the buckling behaviors of sandwich plates. To achieve the abovementioned aim with a higher accuracy, the flexoelectric effect assumes to be existing on the top and bottom face sheets and the core is a composite plate. Also, based on statistics, the first-order shear deformation theory seems to lead to more accurate results. Therefore, in the present research we follow this method to obtain results. The analytical method is applied to solve higher order governing equations. In addition, the critical buckling voltage is calculated considering the flexoelectricity, and it is found that the effects of flexoelectricity play significant roles in determining the critical buckling voltage. Moreover, it is revealed that the thickness of the flexoelectric face sheets and the aspect ratio of the sandwich plate play the same role in critical buckling load variations. It means that the critical buckling load decreases when the thickness of the flexoelectric face sheets or the aspect ratio of the sandwich plate increases and vice versa. The results of the present work can be used for the optimum design and control of similar systems such as micro-electro-mechanical and nano-electromechanical devices.


Let a, b be distinct positive integers. In this paper we prove that if max(a, b) 10126, then Pell equations x2-ay2=1 and z2-by2=1 have at most two positive integer solutions (x, y, z).


The carbon Mira UV Aur (photometric period 394 days) and its companion present several interesting spectroscopic issues. The late B-type companion, at a separation of 3.″36, is seen through at least two shells expanding from the C9-type primary, as evidenced by a series of narrow, displaced absorption features at the D1,2 lines of Na i. The (projected) expansion velocity of the fastest shell is about 116 km s−1, much larger than the typical outflow velocity of about 15 km s−1 seen in C-type giants, but reminiscent of the velocities observed in the envelope of another C-type Mira, V Hya. Emission lines of H, Ca ii, and Na i are present in UV Aur A; its Balmer emission lines are heavily mutilated by overlying C-type absorptions (much as is seen in Me-type Miras), so they must be formed at a lower level. UV Aur B offers the opportunity to test a speculation that the carriers of the diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs), believed to be a family of carbon-containing polyatomic molecules, may be formed in cool, carbon-rich stars. Moderately strong DIBs are indeed present in the spectrum of UV Aur B at about the same strength and velocity seen in nearby (in the sky) B-type stars. But the essential question is, are DIBs present in the outflow from UV Aur A, at the velocities of the Na i shell components? The answer is no, at least at the level permitted by the signal-to-noise ratio of these Keck/HIRES spectrograms.


A method for the determination of total fluorine in aqueous fluoroborate solution without distillation of fluorine was investigated. In order to decompose fluoborate complex to fluoride ion several methods were tested. Fluoroborate was not fully hydrolyzed on heating on a water bath even in an alkaline solution, and did not decompose completely with only evaporation to dryness. Complete decomposition was accomplished by fusing a residue after evaporation to dryness.Analytical method for total fluorine was established as follows: A 1 ml of sample solution containing 120 ppm fluorine was taken into a nickel crucible and 1 ml of 5% NaOH solution was added. The liquid was evaporated to dryness and then the residue was fused for a few minutes on a burner. After cooling 10 ml of an ionic strength adjustment buffer solution was added. The fluoride concentration was then measured by a fluoride sensitive electrode.The method was rapid and simple, and was applicable to the total fluorine analysis of waste water in plating industry.


As an anthropologist studying the ritual circle dance sakela among the Rai of Eastern Nepal, one of the aims of my research is to publish a handbook of dance movements. In the sakela dance the circle of dancers follows a dance leader who indicates the sequences of repeated dance gestures that mimic agricultural techniques, weaving techniques and the movements of animals related to mythology. Fancying Labanotation for documentation in the beginning, I dropped the idea: None of my Rai hosts and hardly any of my colleagues would be able to decipher the notation. Testing video and photography did not satisfy my aesthetic demands: Already in my former research on the textiles of the Nagas in Northeast India I experienced that photography does not do justice to the aesthetic quality of the textiles and I rather chose to draw them (Wettstein 2014)*. Experimenting with drawings added to a musical score, I aimed at the simultaneous depiction of melody, annotated recitation text, and ritual bodily movement of a Rai ritual (Wettstein, von Stockhausen & Rai in print)*. But in the case of the sakela dance, the musical score would visually become too dominant. At this stage of the research I therefore face a moment of decision: How to represent the gestural sequences of the sakela dance repertoire on paper, so that it simultaneously contains a maximum of ethnographic information and is visually appealing and intuitively readable for all audiences likewise? In this paper, I want to address this question to the audience for discussion after having given a short overview of the available research data. This work in progress report is therefore meant to find possible solutions for the problem of bringing together at one glance scientific exactitude, ethnographic density, and aesthetically appealing representations doing justice to culturally varying visual conventions in the representation of bodily dance gestures in social science, and to discuss the consequences of compromise in any of these requirements.


Frequency synthesisers are the key to precise time, frequency and phase in communications transmitters and receivers as well as in radar pulse compression. Digital implementations such as direct digital synthesis (DDS) are frequently selected because of their inherent advantages. Limiting factors are the spurious frequencies, which are generated due to quantisation effects and an output frequency limited to less than half of the sampling frequency according to the sampling theorem and taking into account a realisable anti-image filter. The fundamental part of any DDS architecture is a periodically overflowing phase-accumulator generating linearly increasing phase values. In this paper we review an efficient self-timed highly-pipelined accumulator architecture implemented in GaAs MESFET technology.


In this work We report on the extensive characterization of amorphous silicon carbide (a-SiC) coatings prepared by physical deposition methods. We compare the results obtained on two different sputtering systems (a standard RF magnetron sputtering and a ion-beam assisted sputtering) to seize the impact of two different setups on the repeatably of the results. After a thorough characterization of structural, morphological, and compositional characteristics of the prepared samples, we focus on a detailed study of the optical and mechanical losses in those materials. 1 ar X iv :2 20 2. 04 45 8v 1 [ ph ys ic s. in sde t] 9 F eb 2 02 2 Mechanical losses are further investigated from a microscopic point of view by comparing our experimental results with molecular dynamic simulations of the amorphous SiC structure: first we define a protocol to generate a numerical model of the amorphous film, capturing the main features of the real system; then we simulate its dynamical behaviour upon deformation in order to obtain its mechanical response. Our results are discussed within the perspective application of a-SiC as an optical material for high-precision optical experiments and in particular in gravitational wave interferometry.


In recent years a rapid development in spaceborne SAR technology can be observed. This development is driven
by a wide variety of applications like the generation of highly accurate digital elevation models, the measurement
of Earth surface deformation and others, with simultaneously high spatial and temporal resolution. Especially the
demand of high resolution SAR imagery challenges engineers to use available technology to full capacity. An antenna
concept which finds more and more promotion in the SAR community are array fed unfoldable mesh reflectors. This
concept is supplemented by a trend towards digital radars, where the signal is brought to the discrete domain almost
immediately after reception. This allows for new powerful SAR modes, exceeding present-day SAR overall capabilities
in terms of sensitivity, resolution and swath width by two orders of magnitude. Needless to say that such innovative
SAR sensors require a thorough investigation by means of dedicated concept studies. This paper presents first digital
beamforming results with a reflector based multi-channel radar demonstrator. Emphasis is laid on the verification of
selected beamforming techniques, which help to show the principal feasibility of digital multi-channel SAR systems.


The early growth and development of the woodland jumping mouse, Napaeozapus, have not been described in adequate detail. Many litters have been born to captive females (Hamilton, 1935) and to females bred in captivity (Sheldon, 1938) but the young are usually eaten by the mother or deserted soon after birth. Sheldon (1938) succeeded in raising one litter to 16 days of age and another to more than ten weeks, but made observations only at rather infrequent intervals. On June 5, 1952, we took two adult females at Stony Clove (alt. 2000 feet), Hunter Mountain, Greene County, New York. They were kept in large aquaria in the laboratory and gave birth to litters of three and four young each on June 13 and June 20, respectively., One new born young (CU No. 6849) was, removed from the first litter to be described and preserved. The remaining two were examined on June 16. These were subsequently deserted by the female and found dead three days later. They had not been mutilated in any way. In the second litter, one young, noticeably smaller than the others, died on the sixth day; another was killed at 64 days to observe skeletal development. The adults, and the young after weaning, were fed shelled whole corn, oat flakes, rabbit pellets, strawberries, mulberries, raspberries, lettuce, and apples. The berries were particularly favored. The aquaria were kept covered with several layers of cheesecloth to prevent disturbing the animals with strong light and movements in the laboratory. Shredded toweling was provided for nesting material while the young were small so that they would not easily become separated from the mother. Measurements were obtained up to 26 days of age from photographs in which a centimeter rule was included (Svihla, 1933). Weights of the entire litter were taken at intervals of two to six days until 40 days of age and less frequently thereafter. The weights were divided by the number of young to obtain average weights of individuals. This was done to reduce handling of the young and to permit more time for actual observations during the time they were removed from the nest. New Born Young.-The umbilical cord is a dried stub about .5 mm. long. The skin is rugose, loose, pinkish in color, and fairly transparent, so that the sutures between frontals and parietals, and the ribs, sternum, and viscera are distinct. Except for vibrissae, the body is hairless, and no dark pigmentation that would indicate aggregation of pigment in hair follicles is seen. In both sexes, the four pairs of mammae are visible as small light spots on the venter. Facial vibrissae are present, although once considered to be absent in zapodids at birth. Quimby (1951) has confirmed their presence in new born Zapus. The most posterior mental bristles are about .2 to .3 mm. and grade down in size anteriorly. Those at the edge of the chin are not yet visible. The mystacial vibrissae are arranged in six major rows and show a similar size gradation. Those nearest the eye are the longest, measuring about .3 mm. (fig. la). 242


Motoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR) is characterized by slow walking speed and subjective memory complaints (SMCs). This study investigated the prevalence and potential risk factors of MCR and its association with falls in Chinese community‐dwelling older adults.


Since the Second Vatican Council, concern for the ongoing renewal of catechesis has occasioned a wealth of ecclesial documents: three catechetical directories over five decades, papal texts that address the opportunities and challenges of contemporary catechesis, the publication of a universal catechism, and most recently Pope Francis's Motu proprio, Antiquum Ministerium, instituting a Ministry of Catechist for the universal church. Brian Pedraza's Catechesis for the New Evangelization: Vatican II, John Paul II, and the Unity of Revelation and Experience, paints with both broad strokes and detailed traces, a compelling portrait of the historical development of catechesis for the New Evangelization in the decades following Vatican II. Of particular concern, in Pedraza's exploration, is the catechetical recovery of the unity of revelation and experience and the integration of truth and love in response to the superficial dichotomy that pits human experience against revelation and casts orthodoxy versus orthopraxis. Pedraza roots the centrality of the encounter with Jesus Christ at all stages and forms of catechesis in Vatican II's theology of revelation and Pope John Paul II's theological anthropology, grounded in love. The book's main sources are the conciliar texts, Dei Verbum and Gaudium et Spes, and the theological anthropology and philosophy of one of the council's major interpreters, John Paul II. The overall project is outlined well and accomplished with clarity and depth through the author's attention to key issues and influential figures in the evolution of the Church's response to the demands of catechetical ministry within the New Evangelization. Given the tendency in contemporary catechesis to polarize revealed faith and human experience to opposing poles of the catechetical moment, perhaps the most significant contribution of this book is its underlying presupposition that faith and experience are


In Guarding the Golden Door, historian Roger Daniels begins with an emphatic call for historians to pay attention to immigration and immigration policy. The migration of foreign peoples to the United States has been one of the most significant transformative processes in American history. Foreign immigration was vital to the successful establishment of the American colonies, and Daniels notes that every president from George Washington to John Tyler understood that continued immigration was "vital for the health of the nation" (p. 6). Between 1860 and 1920, about one in seven Americans was foreign-born. In 1890 and again in 1910, 14.7 percent of the total population in the United States was foreign-born, a rate that has still not been surpassed. The American response to immigration, including the contemporary ambivalent, "dualistic" attitudes that Americans have developed toward immigrationcelebrating the nation's immigrant heritage while "rejecting much of its immigrant present"-has been an equally significant force in American history (p. 8). American nativisms, what Daniels broadly defines as general opposition to immigration or the amount of immigration, have inspired the passage of new laws, contributed to the development of the American state, and have affected both foreign and domestic relations. Despite the continuity of immigration in American history and its subsequent effects on every sector of American life, Daniels charges that the space allotted to the topics of immigration and immigration policy is "both cursory and spasmodic" in most textbooks (p. 6). Guarding the Golden Door is both an introductory survey of immigration policy and a masterful assessment of the state of the field by one of its founders. Daniels notes that he has been engaged in the writing of this book for nearly two decades (p. ix). And indeed, any scholar writing on immigration law has owed a debt to Daniels for quite some time for his path-breaking and prodigious research and writing in immigration generally and in Asian American history more specifically. His first book, The Politics of Prejudice: The Anti-Japanese Movement in California and the Struggle for Japanese Exclusion


Background
The purpose of the study was to explore social anxiety in adolescents as well as associated factors, such as parenting styles, self-esteem, quality of life, emotional intelligence, and brain activity, in social anxiety.

Methods
A systematic review of articles related to social anxiety in adolescents, associated factors, and brain activity from 2012 to 2022 was performed. Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct were used as research gates to find the relevant articles.

Results
Ten articles were sorted among 50 articles according to inclusion criteria. The included studies were based in Pakistan, India, and China, which indicated similar results. Social anxiety was directly related to low self-esteem, authoritarian parenting style, interbrain synchrony between parents and adolescents, low quality of life, weak emotional intelligence, and higher activity in the amygdala of the brain.

Conclusion
Social anxiety is common in male-dominant (patriarchal) societies where authoritarian parenting is practiced, which leads to low self-esteem, weak emotional intelligence, and low quality of life in adolescents. Social anxiety is also associated with higher activity in the amygdala and lower gamma interbrain synchrony.


Abstract A new species of endomychid, Stenotarsus nigrivestis Shockley, is described from the Dominican Republic, representing the first description of a species of Stenotarsinae from the West Indies. A summary of the known West Indian Endomychidae is provided.


reply: In a letter to the Editor of the American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology , Prof. Walter Herzog ([6a][1]) chose and edited two figures displaying raw data from our paper ([2][2]) to challenge the conclusions drawn from our study. Herzog disregards all the remaining data and results that