PURPOSE Current surveillance imaging and tumor markers lack sensitivity for the early detection of recurrence in GI cancers. This study critically evaluates the current literature on the role of sequential measurement of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) before and after curative resection in informing recurrence. METHODS A systematic search using a predefined, registered protocol was conducted for studies published between January 2010 and May 2020. Included studies described patients with GI cancers treated with curative-intent surgical resection and measurement of ctDNA both before and after surgery. Patients were divided into three groups on the basis of the presence or absence of ctDNA at these time points. The primary outcome was recurrence-free survival (RFS). RESULTS The search yielded 3,873 articles; five met the inclusion criteria and collectively evaluated 57 patients. Pooled median RFS was 62 months (interquartile range 19 to not reached). Although median RFS was not reached in group 1 (– to –) or group 2 (+ to –), median RFS in group 3 (+ to +) was 15 months (interquartile range 9.6-60.4 months). Cox hazard ratio was 4.46 (95% CI, 1.17 to 16.99; P = .028) between group 1 and group 2, and 10.47 (95% CI, 2.91 to 37.74; P < .001) between group 2 and group 3. CONCLUSION Detectable ctDNA, either preoperatively or postoperatively, and its persistence after curative surgery are associated with a greater risk of recurrence and decreased RFS in GI cancers. Thus, perioperative measurement of ctDNA may be a useful postoperative risk stratification tool and guide additional therapies.


This article examines the changing approach towards the representation of the senses in 17th-century Flemish painting. These changes are related to the cultural politics and courtly culture of the Spanish sovereigns of the Southern Netherlands, the Archdukes Albert and Isabella. The 1617–18 painting-series of the Five Senses by Jan Brueghel the Elder and Peter Paul Rubens as well as the pendant paintings on the subject are analyzed in relation to the iconography of the five senses, and in regard to Flemish genre themes. In this context, the excess of objects, paintings, scientific instruments, animals, and plants in the Five Senses are read as an expansion of the iconography of the senses as well as a reference to the courtly material culture of the Archdukes. Framing the senses as part of a cultural web of artifacts, Brueghel and Rubens refer both to elite lived experience and traditional iconography. The article examines the continuity between the iconography of the senses from 1600 onwards, as developed by Georg Pencz, Frans Floris, and Maerten de Vos, and the representation of the senses in the series. In addition, the article shows how certain elements in the paintings are influenced by genre paintings of the courtly company and collector's cabinet, by Frans Francken, Lucas van Valckenborch and Louis de Caullery. Through the synthesis of these two traditions the subject of the five senses is reinvented in a courtly context


Infrared and Raman spectra of four isotoric derivatives of dimethylarsenic acid ((CH 3 ) 2 AsOOH, (CH 3 ) 2 AsOOD, (CD 3 ) 2 AsOOH, (CD 3 ) 2 AsOOD) have been recorded at various temperatures and assignments are proposed for internal modes in terms of group vibrations.The number of bands due to external modes observed at room temperature is consistent with a unit cell containing a centrosym- metric dimer. At 100 K, the increased number of bands suggests a doubling of theunitcell.The dynamics of hydrogen bonds is analyzed from infrared and Raman µ OH (OD) band profiles and adiabatic potential functions for the low frequency µ O ... O motion are computed using a time expansion of the autocorrelation function. In the excited state of the Ag OH (OD) stretching mode the dimer dissociates in two neutral monomers (CH 3 ) 2 AsOOH, while the dissociation in the antisymmetric (A u ) excited state leads to two ionic entities (CH 3 ) 2 AsOO — and (CH 3 ) 2 [math].


Since its establishment, the United Nations has become a formidable force toward disarmament, demobilization, reinsertion, repatriation, resettlement, rehabilitation, and (re)integration (DDRRRRR) (Pathak: September 13, 2011:3) or disarmament, demobilization, and (re)integration (DDR) of the armed/military forces and the right sizing of military and armed forces as a whole. Advocating Civil Military Relations (CMR), Huntington developed the objective of civilian control theory, encouraging professionalism of the forces and subjective control for the autonomous run of their institution. Janowitz tried to minimize the difference between objective and subjective controls by defending military effectiveness and democratic civilian control, whereas Haltiner pursued political-military theory on the basis of civil, military, and citizenry elements, reducing conscriptions en mass. The CMR functions differently in communist regimes such as China and Vietnam. Both adopt Political Commissioner System (PCS) directly appointed by the ruling (single) party. The head of the state/government and party also acts as the supreme commander (nonprofessional or civilian person) of the military institution. The CMR that exhibits relationship between civil society, citizenry, and military organization(s) is a new phenomenon in Nepal, although initiated informally from the Dibya Upadesh of Prithvi Narayan Shah. The distance between the armed or military officials and civilians has widened, while the army chief manipulated the institution recruiting his near and dear ones on the pretext of meritocratic recruitment. India has accepted the decade long demand of the Republic Nepal to please the UCPN (Maoist); on the other hand, the China tilted monarchy has been ousted. But the strategic policy of India to put the Maoists under its umbrella, like other political parties of Nepal, could not last long due to the Maoists"


The Socio-economic development of the Russian Arctic is impossible without the creation of an integrated transport infrastructure of the region, including water: sea and river, land: road and rail, as well as aviation communications. For longer than a century and a half, specialists, politicians, entrepreneurs, and enthusiasts are trying to solve the problem. Dozens of future transportation projects are nominated. The vast territory of polar Urals, Northern Siberia, the Far East, the Russian coast of the Arctic Ocean, channels of the Siberian rivers are explored. Thousands of miles of communications are laid, but a single transport network of the Russian Arctic is still not created. The core of the transport infrastructure of the region can be the Transpolar railway, the all-season line-the link of the existing Trans-Siberian railway with branches, Siberian roads, the Northern Sea Route, navigable Siberian rivers and regional airports. The completion of this ambitious project will increase the capacity of the Russian segment of the Asia-European transport corridor, expand the socio-economic importance of the Russian Arctic, strengthening the strategic importance of Russia.


The ability to locate the defects in materials is one of the major attrations of the acoustic emission(AE) technique. The most conventional method for planar AE source localization is to place three or more AE sensors on the plate and to determine the source position by measuring the differences in the arrival times of the AE wave at the sensors, which is called as triangulation method. But this method can not be applied in the material of which elastic wave propagtion velocity is not known. In this paper, we propose two methods, vector method and error minimization method, for AE source location on the material with unknown AE wave velocity. In this method, it is not needed to know the propagation velocity previously, that is, we can apply this method to arbitrary material of which properties are not known exactly. Also, in this paper, the robustness to the error in the measurement of time differences are discussed for both methods. Finally, in order to evaluate the actual performances, experiments using a pencil lead break as the AE source were carried out on the aluminum plate.


To test the theory of gravity one needs to test, on one hand, how space and time are distorted by matter and, on the other hand, how matter moves in a distorted space–time. Current observations provide tight constraints on the motion of matter, through the so-called redshift-space distortions, but they only provide a measurement of the sum of the spatial and temporal distortions, via gravitational lensing. In this Letter, we develop a method to measure the time distortion on its own. We show that the coming generation of galaxy surveys, like the Square Kilometer Array, will allow us to measure the distortion of time with an accuracy of 10-30 per cent. Such a measurement will be essential to test deviations from the ΛCDM model in a fully model-independent way. In particular, it can be used to compare the spatial and temporal distortions of space–time and to unambiguously distinguish between modifications of gravity and dark fifth forces acting on dark matter.


Background: Patient-ventilator asynchrony (PVA) has detrimental effects that include increased WOB, patient discomfort, increased need for sedation, prolonged mechanical ventilation, and decreased survival. Ventilator waveforms could assist identifying and correcting PVA by matching ventilator parameters to patient respiratory needs. The goal of this study was to assess the ability of HCPs working in ICUs to interpret common types of PVA. Methods: Descriptive observational study at a 496-bed university-affiliated institution in San Antonio, TX. Study was approved by the IRB. Four waveforms showing examples of PVA (ineffective effort, flow asynchrony, double-triggering, and auto-triggering) were presented, one at a time, to each HCP in the same order and asked to select the best answer from a multiple-choice questionnaire. HCPs with previous training on waveforms were compared to non-trained. Results: A total of 47 HPCs, including 19 RRTs (40.4%), 2 CRTs (4.3%), 6 resident physicians (12.8%), 7 fellows, (14.9%), 1 attending physician (2.1%), 1 physician assistant (2.1%), and 11 RNs (23.4%), completed the evaluation. Only 9 (19.1%) HCPs recognized the 4 types of asynchrony correctly, whereas 9 (19.1%) detected 2 types correctly, and 16 (34.0%) detected 1 type correctly. Thirteen participants (27.7%) did not identify any asynchrony correctly. Flow asynchrony was identified by 12 HCPs (25.5%), double-triggering by 18 (38.3%), while autotriggering and missed trigger was identified by the same number of HCPs, 20 (42.5%). There was not a significant difference between trained and non-trained HCPs who identified 4 asynchronies. Only 2 (10.5%) of the 19 RRTs identified all PVAs, while both CRTs (100%), one attending (100%), 2 CRTs (100%), 1 resident (16.7%), and 2 RNs (18.2%) identified all PVAs. The great majority of RRTs (57.9%) recognized only one type of PVA. The percentage of trained HCPs who identified 2 asynchronies (77.7%) was significantly higher than non-trained HCPs (22.2%; P = 0.023). Lack of recognition of any asynchrony was significantly higher in the non-trained group (76.9%) than in the trained group (23. 1%; P = 0.005). Conclusions: A small number of HCPs in the ICU are able to recognize common types of patient-ventilator asynchronies. Previous training on ventilator waveform analysis may significantly impact the ability of professionals to identify ventilator asynchrony.


Crystal structures of undoped and Gd-doped Ba2In2O5 were analyzed by EXAFS and the powder X-ray Rietveld method. Rietveld analysis indicated that Ba2In2O5 is belonging to orthorhombic Ibm2 space group and that Ba2(In1-xGdx)2O5 (X=0.20 and 0.30) is belonging to cubic Pm3m space group at room temperature. Foulier transform of In K-edge EXAFS of Ba2(In1-xGdx)2O5 (X=0.00, 0.20, 0.30) showed a peak between 1.2 and 2.0 Å attributed to the nearest oxide ions around In3+ cation. The peak was back-Fourier transformed, and the structural parameters were refined by the least square fitting. It was indicated that the coordination number of In3+ cation decreased with increasing Gd3+ cation content. This result indicates that coordination number of Gd3+ cation is not 4 but 6 preferably.


Energy efficiency of mechanical pulping is rather low. One possibility to facilitate design of more energy efficient defibration is to model and simulate wood compression. This paper presents an ef ...


The notion that all people should have equal access to human rights, dignity, protection, and opportunities, contextualizes the problems of sexual diversity in a wide range of discourses that marginalize those bodies, or individuals that are perceived to be sexually alternative. 'Gay, lesbian, bisexual, homosexual, and transgendered students, who do not identify with heterosexual norms are often ostracized, harassed, and excluded from and within the educational safety net, and feel betrayed by a system that positions the 'other' as deviant (Loutzenheiser & MacIntosh, 2004). In view of current socio-cultural contexts, sexuality, figures into the milieu as a critical location of social injustice issues. Learning: Issues of Sexuality, Race and Power in the Classroom The discourse of sexuality can be perceived as a tension between the acceptances, or affirmation of diversity and multi-sexuality, on one hand, and the defense of established beliefs and norms associated with dominant heterosexual values, on the other. At issue, the difference between deviant and normal sexual behaviour is contested, as perceptions of sexuality shift in the wake of contemporary global, 'socio-cultural-sexual realities' (Rosenthal & Dowsett, 2000). Respectfully, the education system is concerned with social justice, and seeks to deal with the negativity associated with discrimination and disadvantage. Inclusively, some of those discourses, such as sexual harassment and violence, heterosexual discourse, homophobia, alcohol and drug abuse, depression, identity, coming out as a 'zone of shame and exclusion', sexual health, name calling, hate crimes, and assimilation, are at issue (Rasmussen, 2004; Graziano, 2003; Rosenthal & Dowsett, 2000; 1 Naidoo: Learning Issues of Sexuality, Race, and Power in the Classroom Published by CORE Scholar, 2007 Loutzenheiser & MacIntosh, 2004; Lugg, 2003; Davis & Lee, 1996). This paper will focus on a number of dominant discourses in relation to a constructive understanding of contemporary sexuality/education theories that offer strategies of empowerment for 'others'. Since there is no single theory that successfully incorporates all aspects needed to examine sexuality, wholly, this emphasis will framework a blend of critical theories that deal with power, Queer Theory, and race, which also provide useful strategies for teachers in addressing and countering pedagogical, curriculum, and whole school issues. Although, race may be construed as a discourse outside the sphere of sexuality it is significantly relevant in terms of a multisexual multicultural society, and therefore cannot be overlooked (Pallotta-Chiarolli, 1999; Reid-Pharr, 2002; Rasmussen, 2004). Sexuality cannot be fully considered without the awareness of power, and how it works within the school environment, for, and on behalf of students. The biological determined theory, which views sexuality as a binary distinction between males and females, espouses an essentialist notion that sexuality is fixed, 'anatomical' and immutable, and therefore, subject to powers of heterosexual patriarchal dominance, borne to a large extent by institutions that hierarchically advantage heterosexual behaviours (Bennett & Royle, 1999; Hall, 2003). Heterosexual norms are reinforced with privilege and therefore, any claims to a nonheterosexual identity are often stigmatized and compromised by a lack of acceptance and understanding, despite legal and liberating precedents that have been adjudicated by Western legislative democracies to recognize and empower sexual minorities (Lugg, 2003). Thus at the macro level, power is distributed in measure to the reinforcement of heterosexuality as the legitimate and natural arrangement of social order. Such prejudice means that homosexual students are essentially underrepresented and left out, or at least, find that they are subordinate in the power structure. For example, a school that engages in a biased heterosexual curriculum, risks alienating those who do not fit in the dialogue. Their experience is invalidated, and their lack of power to participate and be accepted unwillingly marginalizes them outside the notion of citizenship. 2 Electronic Journal for Inclusive Education, Vol. 2, No. 1 [2007], Art. 4 https://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/ejie/vol2/iss1/4 Poststructuralists, such as Michel Foucault and Antonio Gramsci (Reid-Pharr, 2002) criticise the essentialist theory of power on the basis that human sexuality has been socially and historically constructed along the binaries of normal and deviant behaviours, and are therefore open to reconstruction. This has yielded to an understanding that power over children has been socially constructed according to adult, and adult institutionalised orientations (Denborough, 1996). Non-adults are relegated to a relatively powerless situation that is demonstrated through varying adult degrees of authority, supervision and surveillance. Young people's sexuality is more or less defined in absence of their own sense of experience and commentary. Sexuality becomes a means for students to resist adult power and exercise their own powers, where sexual survival in an adult world is at stake (Denborough, 1996). Moreover, power is perceived to be exercised and not possessed (Kenway, Blackmore & Rennie, 1997). The politics of sexuality, therefore, should be understood as a ubiquitous power that challenges the notion of monopoly, for any particular entity, or representation. Teachers, in particular, should be aware of the micro limitations that pedagogy and curriculum have in dealing with socio-sexuality justice issues, and listen more to what students have to offer. If students are allowed to partnership with adults in the collective empowerment process, and question the power issue, then a number of obstacles in negotiating heterosexual curriculum with gay and lesbian content, for example, could potentially lead to positive social justice outcomes, because most students will assume responsibility for their own conduct under those conditions. Various theories, such as Queer Theory and Critical Race Theory, have been developed in response to poststructuralist and neo-Marxist theories, and global changes relative to contemporized perceptions of sexuality. Queer Theory rejects the feminist essentialist notions of 'desexualising', and 'assimilation', as well as the notion of 'heteronormativity', which is institutionalised, heterosexual power, articulated in terms of white legitimized dominion and power (Loutzenheiser & MacIntosh, 2004; Hall, 2003). Queer Theory does not label gays and lesbians as such. Rather, it posits all sexualities, which 3 Naidoo: Learning Issues of Sexuality, Race, and Power in the Classroom Published by CORE Scholar, 2007 include bisexuals and transgenders, into the encompassing category of 'queer' (Loutzenheiser & MacIntosh, 2004; Hall, 2003; Lugg, 2003). Such a view underpins and eliminates all other theories that reproduce heterosexual values. Queer Theory fails, however, to consider factors of 'multidimensionality' and 'intersectionality' that challenge minority ethnic groups. 'Multidimensionality' means that an individual has a multiple identity. A person has a sexuality, a class, and an ethnicity, for example. 'Intersectionality' is a recognition that race and sex are connected (Lugg, 2003; Pallotta-Chiarolli, 1999). Understandably, a number of critics (Lugg, 2003; Pallotta-Chiarolli, 1999; Loutzenheiser & MacIntosh, 2004; Reid-Pharr, 2002) have recommended that race theory be interwoven with Queer Theory. Critical Race Theory, which is more action oriented, and responds well to this challenge because of its empowering interpretation of ethnicity and class. Illustratively, 'Asian immigrants experience race precisely as a function of sexuality' quite differently to white ethnic groups (Reid-Pharr, 2002). Therefore, a framework that incorporates both Queer Theory and Critical Race Theory would be beneficial in deconstructing sexuality justice issues in the multicultural milieu. Educators, who employ this theoretical framework are better able to strategise and respond with positive solutions to pedagogical and curriculum issues. The issue of social isolation and shame impacts on many homosexuals. If teachers presented non-heterosexual role models, and provided access to more accurate information on sexuality then homosexual students might be less inclined to believe they are alone in their suffering (Graziano, 2003; Lugg, 2003). There is a need to access broad community support in attaining funding for this. Derogatory slurs and remarks, such as 'that's so gay' and 'faggot' can be addressed by teachers calling for a stop to its usage, and by dialogically examining the origins of those names in the context of rich historical meanings (Graziano, 2003; Lugg, 2003; Pallotta-Chiarolli, 1999). Importantly, homosexual students need to see themselves in the curriculum and textbooks in a positive way. 4 Electronic Journal for Inclusive Education, Vol. 2, No. 1 [2007], Art. 4 https://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/ejie/vol2/iss1/4 Pedagogy can allow for critical discussion on issues of homophobia, race, and how power functions, for example. By providing insight into the power of institutions, such as the education system, and of those who develop and publish curriculum and textbooks, often exclusionary of homosexual material, will show not only support, but facilitate the notion of acceptance and self-worth, which is so imperative for homosexuals to feel (Graziano, 2003; Lugg, 2003; Rasmussen, 2004). Students need to get the message that their sexuality is okay, whatever that may be, and that they are valued in society. Schools also need to be safe havens, free of harassment, assault and violence, and teachers have a vital role in educating students in what constitutes sexual harassment (Davis & Lee, 1996). Victims need protection, and knowledge of how myths about assault ge


The hottest editorials by Peter J. McDonnell, MD, chief medical editor of Ophthalmology Times, included why ophthalmologists are the 99%, an attack on elite educational institutes, and making fun of doctors.


1 Introduction2 Graphic Instruments and Their Use3 Constructional Geometry4 Basics of Lettering5 Orthographic Drawing and Sketching6 Sectional Views and Conventions7 Pictorial Drawing and Sketching8 Dimensioning and Tolerancing9 Lines and Planes in Space10 Surface Intersections11 Developed Views12 Introduction to Design13 Applications of Computer Aided Drafting14 Production Drawings15 Presenting Data: Charts and Graphs16 Assembly Elements: Threaded Fasteners, Keys, Springs17 Gears and Cams18 Welding and Riveting19 Electric and Electronic Drafting20 Piping21 Structural Drawing22 Maps and Topography


In this paper, we proposed our new symmetric key encryption algorithm with reduced space complexity (AM Encryption Algorithm-AMEA). According to disk encryption theory an encryption technique should use less than or equal to the size of the original file size. There are two most important parameters or characteristics of algorithm time and space. An algorithm should require minimum time to perform their function and should have minimum space complexity (space complexity in terms of storage space after the encryption or the storage space required to store ciphertext). Different types of algorithm has been designed some of them provides better security but the space complexity of all existing algorithm is high. So, we proposed a new cryptographic algorithm based on symmetric key stream cipher that provides better security with minimum space complexity. This algorithm is not same as previous stream cipher algorithm (the most commonly used RC4) it has some new features such as Random Key Selection with transposition that provides better security.


Three useful methods of synchronization control which solve the problem of speed-deviation oscillation with multi-motor drivers in antenna servo system are introduced in this paper. It has been successfully used for some antenna servo systems, and the performance of the system was improved greatly. Therefore, it will be of value to popularize and use.


The method reported represents an intraventricular ultrasonic technique and a model of the left ventricle from which its volume can be calculated. The geometrical model used is a paraboloid of revolution. A spherical steerable transducer is used to measure intraventricular dimensions. An auxiliary device to the ultrasonic generator, which has been developed in our laboratory, triggers the measurements from predefined points during the cardiac cycle and stores the measured dimensions. The device could generally be used for measurement of static volumes.


My attention was directed to inguinal herniae in older men in 1938 when my father, then 68, had repeated painful episodes from an inguinal hernia passing under his truss and becoming irreducible. The appliance had to besent away for repair or renewal every 12 to 18 months; it was usually returned too tight or too loose, and needed further adjustment. The handicaps of an inguinal herniae in the elderly were apparent. Before the War, the treatment for those over 50, or certainly after 55, was by a truss. But strangulations, although admittedly not so frequent, irrespective of age, had to be operated on, often under unsuitable conditions, and I could recall but few recurrences.


Abstract A technique is described for inferring vertical mass circulations within and around cloud clusters in the tropics. Following Sikdar and Suomi (1972), we model deep convection in terms of three layers—two active and one passive. An inflow layer extends from the sea surface to the top of the trade inversion; an outflow layer extends through the depth of the cumulonimbus anvil. High-density satellite cloud tracer winds define flow for the two active layers. (The intermediate layer is not observed; in that sense it is considered to be passive.) Using the divergence field computed from the satellite winds, vertical velocities are calculated through the top of the inflow layer, and the bottom of the outflow layer; vertical mass transports follow immediately. This simple model is applied to two mature disturbances from the Global Atmospheric, Research Program Atlantic Tropical Experiment (GATE). Vertical velocities and mass transports were estimated for three times, at 3 h intervals. Vertical velocities...


The work studies main stages in the development of musical culture from the beginning of the XX-th century until nowadays. Central place in the work devoted to the analysis of the professional education of musical features in czarist Russia, during the first years of the Soviet power? Before the second World War and Khrushev years, during years of Perestroyka and further democratization of the Soviet society and during first periods in the history of the Russia Federation. The author uses rich facts and figures material in the analysis of the heritates or the Russian musical culture.


In this article, the H∞$$ {H}_{\infty } $$ safe control problem of continuous‐time affine nonlinear safety‐critical systems is studied based on the barrier function (BF) and adaptive dynamic programming (ADP). We show that the safety constraints in this article occur under the condition that the system initial state is unsafe and have not been adequately addressed in the existing work. First, the H∞$$ {H}_{\infty } $$ control problem is transformed into a zero‐sum game problem, and a new safe Hamilton–Jacobi–Isaacs equation is proposed by combining with the BF, which makes the unsafe behavior be punished in the learning process. In addition, a damping coefficient is introduced into the BF to punish the unsafe behavior more flexibly. Aiming at the requirement that the initial system state must be strictly constrained in the safe set, a new weight updating method based on ADP is proposed, which can reasonably avoid the influence of the BF on neural network (NN) parameters when the initial system state is unsafe. Furthermore, based on the Lyapunov stability theory, it is proved that the system states of safety‐critical systems and the NN parameters are uniformly ultimately bounded under the safety constraints and disturbances effect. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by two simulation examples.


The mean square end-to-end distances ∝ N 2ν and the end-to-end vector distribution functions P ( R ) of a polymer chain at \(\varTheta\)-point and in the polymer melt are considered in the framework of the self-consistent approximation developed by Edwards. The following conclusions are drawn. i) At \(\varTheta\)-point 2ν=1, but P ( R ) is not gaussian in three dimensional space. ii) In the melt 2ν=1 and P ( R ) is very close to gaussian in three dimensional space. iii) The mechanisms making 2ν unity in the two cases above are different and hence are generally different in these two cases. iv) The parameter z of the two-parameter theory is not a good parameter for analyzing the data near \(\varTheta\)-point.


We performed comparative analysis of regulatory documents, which relate to ventilation of school premises and operate in European countries at present. We showed the essential difference of the recommended air exchange values. We assessed sanitary and hygienic conditions formed in classrooms at different efficiency of a ventilation system both by analytical calculations and by subjective monitoring of microclimate of experimental measurements conducted in school classrooms, when every pupil-participant performed an assessment of the internal environment in the form of a questionnaire. We measured carbonic acid gas contents emitted in a room and determined the required ventilation intensity in the evaluated school premises. We compared the multiplication factor of air exchange of the ventilation system determined in this way with the values obtained by analytical calculations carried out in accordance with current legislation and standards, which are active in Europe. We made calculations based on known analytical dependencies. We determined performance of the ventilation system of the classroom based on СО2 concentrations in internal and inflow air at various values of the multiplication factor of air exchange. It made possible to state that we can achieve the optimal microclimate parameters at air exchange of 30 m3/h per person. We presented the results of field studies and analytical calculations in the form of tables and visual graphic dependencies. The proposed research method makes it possible to increase accuracy and reliability of air quality control in classrooms by direct measurement of СО2 concentration in a serviced area of a room. The study results provide an opportunity to improve ventilation systems of school buildings. This creates prerequisites for obtaining a social effect due to an increase in labor and learning efficiency


This work presents an extension of the model of optimal investment in production expansion. We introduce the possibility of having an account in a bank and reformulate the model of optimal control of production expansion to study the changes in the optimal behaviour of the producer as they face the trade-off between the risky entrepreneurship and risk-free bank account. The producer's problem is formalized as the optimal control problem which are solved using the Pontriagin's maximum principle and the Hamilton - Jacobi - Bellman equation.


In this paper, we investigate the use of laser diagnostic tools for in-plane imaging of bubble induced spray using a laser sheet and Mie scattering technique. A perspex plate of thickness 10 mm with a hole of diameter 1 mm in the center is placed in the middle of a glass tank filled with water such that the top surface of the plate coincides with the water surface. A bubble is created just below the hole using a low-voltage spark circuit such that it expands against the hole. This leads to the formation of two jets which impact leading to a spray and break-up into droplets. The spray evolution is observed using a laser sheet directed in a plane through the center of the hole. The illuminated plane is imaged using a high-speed camera based on the Mie scattering from glass beads suspended in the liquid. Results show that Mie scattering technique has potential in studying bubble-induced sprays with applications such as in fuel sprays, drug-delivery etc, and also for validation of numerical codes. We present results from our ongoing experiments in this paper.


The review is an update to a drug safety communication initially issued in 2010 after trial results suggested a possible increased risk for prostate cancer with use of entacapone.


The authors introduce a new class of electrically‐actuated soft materials. Electro‐active hydraulic solids (EAHSs) are comprised of numerous microscale phase change capsules embedded inside a conductive elastomer matrix which replicate traditional wax actuators in a massively parallel fashion. EAHS can generate forces and stress densities that exceed traditional electroactive actuators. For example, a 14 mm diameter 50 mm long cylinder can generate 4 500 N force and have over 3% strain. The authors describe a simple method for fabricating EAHS and demonstrate their compatibility with a wide range of manufacturing processes including additive manufacturing, subtractive manufacturing, and forming.


In this paper, a new precursor La(thd)3-DMEA (thd = 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedione, DMEA = N,N′-dimethylethylenediamine) was synthesized and characterized with 1H-NMR and X-ray single crystal diffraction. The thermal properties of La(thd)3-DMEA were checked by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), which confirmed that the volatility and suitability of La(thd)3-DMEA are suitable for atomic layer deposition (ALD). We studied the atomic layer deposition of La2O3 films on a SiO2 surface with La(thd)3-DMEA and O3 as precursors. Self-limiting deposition behaviors were found for the prepared films. The purity and surface morphology of the as-grown La2O3 films, which possessed a constant growth rate of ~0.4 Å/cycle at 250–280 °C, were confirmed by XPS, SEM, and AFM. The results show that La(thd)3-DMEA is a suitable precursor for the atomic layer deposition of La2O3 film.


This note investigates sampled-data control for chaotic systems. A memory sampled-data control scheme that involves a constant signal transmission delay is employed for the first time to tackle the stabilization problem for Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy systems. The advantage of the constructed Lyapunov functional lies in the fact that it is neither necessarily positive on sampling intervals nor necessarily continuous at sampling instants. By introducing a modified Lyapunov functional that involves the state of a constant signal transmission delay, a delay-dependent stability criterion is derived so that the closed-loop system is asymptotically stable. The desired sampled-data controller can be achieved by solving a set of linear matrix inequalities. Compared with the existing results, a larger sampling period is obtained by this new approach. A simulation example is presented to illustrate the effectiveness and conservatism reduction of the proposed scheme.


Abstract The environmental monitoring program initiated at AFP-67 consists of two parts: on-site sampling and off-site sampling. The on-site program provides data on the changes in concentration in the environs and is used for protecting plant personnel from any hazard which might occur. The off-site program provides a continuous record of the fluctuation in background levels and of the effectiveness of the plant radiation controls. The off-site and on-site environmental monitoring programs, consisting of the sampling of soil, vegetation, water, air, animal and marine life, and dose measurements using film, foils, chemical dosimeters and ionization chamber dosimeters, arc discussed.


BACKGROUND
Haemophilus ducreyi encounters several classes of antimicrobial peptides (APs) in vivo and utilizes the sensitive-to-antimicrobial-peptides (Sap) transporter as one mechanism of AP resistance. A mutant lacking the periplasmic solute-binding component, SapA, was somewhat more sensitive to the cathelicidin LL-37 than the parent strain and was partially attenuated for virulence. The partial attenuation led us to question whether the transporter is fully abrogated in the sapA mutant.

METHODS
We generated a nonpolar sapBC mutant, which lacks both inner membrane permeases of the Sap transporter, and tested the mutant for virulence in human volunteers. In vitro, we compared LL-37 resistance phenotypes of the sapBC and sapA mutants.

RESULTS
Unlike the sapA mutant, the sapBC mutant was fully attenuated for virulence in human volunteers. In vitro, the sapBC mutant exhibited significantly greater sensitivity than the sapA mutant to killing by LL-37. Similar to the sapA mutant, the sapBC mutant did not affect H. ducreyi's resistance to human defensins.

CONCLUSIONS
Compared with the sapA mutant, the sapBC mutant exhibited greater attenuation in vivo, which directly correlated with increased sensitivity to LL-37 in vitro. These results strongly suggest that the SapBC channel retains activity when SapA is removed.


This review provides a comprehensive examination of the application of fluorescence
materials for the detection of latent fingerprints in forensic sciences. Traditional methods like powder
dusting, cyanoacrylate fuming, chemical methods, and small particle reagent techniques have shown
limitations due to issues like low contrast, sensitivity, selectivity, and high toxicity. To overcome
these drawbacks, recent focus has shifted towards using fluorescent materials, owing to their unique
optical and chemical properties. This review underscores the importance of latent fingerprint development
employing metal nanoparticles, semiconductor nanoparticles, and organic fluorescence compounds.
These advanced materials not only provide heightened contrast, sensitivity, and selectivity
compared to traditional methods but also manifest diminished toxicity. In essence, the review delivers
a methodical survey of these pioneering techniques.


A heat pipe is a passive heat transfer device driven by phase change and capillary pumping pressure which has advantages for high effective thermal conductance, zero gravity operation, passive cooling and light weight. The working fluid heated at the evaporator section and after vapor flows to the condenser section, condensed fluid transported to evaporator through porous medium in wick structure of heat pipe which induce capillary pumping pressure between the evaporator and condenser sections as shown in Fig.1. A heat pipe is used in many engineering fields especially in space nuclear reactors to remove the high heat capacity in absence of gravity and pumping power. To improve inherent stability and develop a safety system for use of nuclear power as a power source in space, many design concepts of micro heat pipe cooled reactor for space application were developed. NASA is developing small fission power system, Kilopower, to operate from 1 to 10kWe for space application since 2015.[1] Kilopower consists of two types of heat pipe which use sodium and water as a working fluid for heat transport device between reactor core, Stirling engine, and radiator as shown in Fig. 2. To operate heat pipes for space application, working fluids in heat pipe should be able to return from condenser to evaporator in zero gravity, micro gravity for space condition operation and gravity-assisted orientation for ground testing. In order to satisfy the operation conditions in space, design of heat pipe wick structure is very important to overcome the pressure losses occur in pipe and operate in zero gravity condition. Therefore, several wick structures were suggested for space nuclear reactor heat pipes. In this paper, the design study of hybrid wick structures of heat pipes for space nuclear reactor application and enhancement in heat transfer capacity is conducted in terms design factors and operation limits is performed.


Review(s) of: What about the Boys? Issues of Masculinity in Schools, edited by Wayne Martino and Bob Meyenn, Open University Press, Buckingham, UK, 2001, xiv + 242pp., $47.95 (paperback).


This article investigates the effectiveness of ambush marketing in terms of ambush marketer misidentification in the context of sports events. Grounded in associative network models and memory reconstruction heuristics, an empirical study examines how different ambush marketing strategies as well as event, ambush marketer, official sponsor, and individual consumer characteristics can result in ambush marketer misidentification. A descriptive survey collects data on consumers' knowledge and perceived misleading potential of four ambush marketing strategies. Finally, three experiments aim to determine the effectiveness of these strategies and the aforementioned drivers in terms of actual ambush marketer misidentification. The results from the experiments are contrasted with the findings from the survey study. Findings are discussed with emphasis on implications for researchers, ambush marketers, official sponsors, and event organizers.


Background: The aim of this study was to calculate the radia on amount exposed during percutaneous nephrolithototomy (PCNL) and to make the urologists and other staff sensi ve about the radia on risk they were exposed to. Materials and Methods: We measured the radia on exposure during 114 cases of PCNL performed. Thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD) were placed between the opera on table and the pa ent at the loca on of kidney and gonads of pa ents to measure the radia on exposure of pa ents. TLD were placed at the head, neck, finger and the legs of the opera ng surgeon to measure the occupa onal exposure of the urologist. And also two dosimeters were placed to the inner wall of the opera ng room and two dosimeters were placed to the hall. Results: The mean fluoroscopy screening me was 2.18 minutes (0.15 6.12) and the mean opera on me was 49 minutes (10-150). The mean radia on exposure for pa ents was 1.307 milisievert (mSv) at kidney loca on and 0.562 mSv at gonad loca on per procedure. Surgeon exposure was 0.021 and 0.003 mSv per procedure for hand and leg, respec vely. Radia on amounts exposed inside the room and by the surgeon were sta s cally significantly lower than measured radia on results compared to pa ent kidney. Conclusion: According to our findings radia on exposure of the pa ent and the surgeon is below the annual occupa onal dose limit recommenda ons. However, for protec ng from stochas c effects of radia on, fluoroscopy should be used as low as possible and lead aprons and thyroid shields must be worn to minimize the


Study on the carbonate content and oxygen isotope of a sediment section in Dabusu Lake revealed that this region has experienced several cold-wet and warm-dry climatic cycles since 15400 a BP. It was about 6740 a BP when the climate in the region reached a relatively stable warm stage, so that the lake water was gradually condensed and finally a saline lake was formed.


This study aims to analyze how the influence of technology and education on economic growth in Indonesia from 2011-2017. This study uses secondary data sourced from the Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics with research variables grouped into two parts, namely the dependent variable in this study defined as economic growth and independent variables consisting of the education level of the population of Indonesia and Indonesian Technology. This study uses multiple linear regression methods to find the relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variable, from the results of statistical estimates showing that the level of education has a positive influence on Indonesia's economic growth and technology is also found to have a positive influence on the level of economic growth in Indonesia.


ECH launchers typically use a moveable mirror to steer a gyrotron beam. Increased power handling capability in an ECH launcher requires adding mass or active cooling to the mirrors. The additional forces on the moveable mirror resulting from either approach typically require a compromise between the power handling capability and the steering capability. The P2001 launcher, designed by PPPL for DIII-D, will launch two 800kW beams for 10 seconds every 10 minutes. Fully independent poloidal and toroidal steering during and between pulses, and a fast poloidal scan capability, will be provided. These design requirements are satisfied by the use of an innovative steering mechanism, which covers the entire scanning range about two axes and is strong enough to withstand the electromagnetic forces on the mirror. An innovative mirror design uses high thermal conductivity materials arranged in a manner that limits the eddy currents during a disruption. In this paper, the design of the P2001 launcher is presented, along with performance calculations. Design features relevant to advanced fusion experiments are highlighted and discussed.


Most of the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) bio-sensors developed till date are based on enzymes and proteins causing them to have a limited lifetime. Moreover, complex procedures are followed for sensor fabrication. Therefore, an inorganic material-based sensor, with a simple design and longer shelf life is highly desirable. In this work, surfactant-metal (gold and silver) nanoparticles are prepared in aqueous solutions containing cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. The particle sizes of the metal nanoparticles obtained are characterised by UV–Vis, HRTEM, X-ray diffraction and FTIR; the average sizes of gold and silver nanoparticles are 8 and 10 ± 0.2 nm, respectively. The nanoparticles are tested for H2O2 detection. The sensor is characterised and tested using samples from M to mM H2O2 range and a linear response is observed. Low-detection limits and high sensitivity are some of the advantages of this work. Same principle could be extended for the detection of other substrates as well.


The structural geology is one of the specialties which mostly require the practical ability in fi eld of geology.So the school should pay more attention to the education of the tectonic analysis and mapping abilities for the master and doctor graduate students,and establish a stable foundation for the structural geology research.According to the analysis of the exchanging dissertations of the attending students in the 3rd conference of the structural geology and geodynamics,this paper has an in-depth analysis of some problems in the cultivating of graduate students with structural geological specialty at present in China.


1,2,3-Trisilacyclopent-4-ene generates silylene to give 1,2-disilacyclobut-3-ene on both photolysis and thermolysis. The silylene arises from either the central or the terminal silicon atom of the ring depending on the nature of substituents on the central silicon atom on photolysis, but the central silicon is ejected as silylene regiospecifically on thermolysis.


Ultra-violet second-harmonic generation in a 1.4 µm periodically poled MgO:LiNbO3 is presented. Using a high-voltage multi-pulse application method, a first-order nonlinear grating with a period of 1.4 µm was fabricated over 10-mm interaction length in a 2-mm thick MgO:LiNbO3 substrate. In a single pass configuration, cw 1.2 mW of ultraviolet light at 341.5 nm was successfully obtained for a fundamental power of 141 mW, corresponding to a normalized conversion efficiency of 5.4%/W.


The Finnish Roma operate an internal control system that prevents further conflicts between feuding families. This system is based on avoidance of inappropriate behaviour, people and places, and as such, define the everyday lives of Finnish Roma. Since Finnish Roma value each other firstly by family reputation and history, some families, and hence some individuals, are considered 'bad' and therefore preferably avoided. The moving-permit custom acts as an instrument for the community to prevent alleged 'bad' families from moving too close to them, and from damaging their relations with their majority neighbours. In fact, the moving-permit system enables Roma to live further away from other Finnish Roma and therefore gives them more freedom to live by the community's all-encompassing cleanliness rules and morals, dictated by the principle of avoidance. Although the moving-permit custom is unanimously considered inevitable for the communities' well-being, it can also hamper the possibility of upward socio-economic mobility for those with questionable family histories.


The uses of high concentrations of therapeutic oxygen have expanded in recent decades. This situation came about both from the introduction of ventilation by intubation in the Intensive Care setting and with the use of hyperbaric oxygen for the treatment of anaerobic infections. Furthermore, high concentrations of oxygen have been used in deep sea diving and in aviation and space exploration. With potential side-effects of exposure to high concentrations of oxygen it has become increasingly important to understand better the parameters of exposure that produce toxicity, the mechanisms by which it occurs and the potential protective devices against its tissue-damaging effects. It is the purpose of this review to address these considerations. The reader is also referred to other reviews (Clark and Lambertsen, 1971; Mustafa and Tierney, 1978; Deneke and Fanburg, 1980a; Fisher, 1980; Frank and Massaro, 1980) where certain aspects of the subject may be covered in more detail. Damage to tissues by oxygen seems to be related more to the partial pressure of oxygen than to its percent concentration. Hence, a high concentration of oxygen may be less damaging at high altitude where the atmospheric pressure is reduced than it is for the same concentration at normobaric pressure. The primary target of injury for normobaric hyperoxia is the lung, probably at least in part because lung cells are exposed to higher partial pressures of oxygen than are other cells of the body. With hyperbaric hyperoxia, the rapid onset of convulsions indicates that the central nervous system shows the earliest signs of toxicity. Hence, with higher partial pressures of oxygen than can be achieved under normobaric conditions, tissues of the central nervous system seem to be "more sensitive" than do cells of the lung. It is likely that certain


The structures of the crystals obtained by mixing oxalic acid (1) and five hydroxy derivatives, phenol (2a), p-cresol (2b), hydroquinone (2c), β-naphthol (2d), and cholesterol (2e) have been studied by 13 C CPMAS NMR. It has been proved that they are co-crystals of defined stoichiometry (oxalic/hydroxy derivative) 1:2 (1/2a, 1/2b, 1/2e), 2:2 (1/2c), and 1:4 (1/2d).


To explore the correlation between primary hepatic carcinoma(HCC) and HBV infection, we retrospectively analyzed HBV sero-markers in 771 patients with HCC and 794 patients with other malignant digestive tracts tumours. The results showed the positive rate of HBVM was 94.16% in HCC group (726/771) while 17.38% in other malignant digestive tracts tumours (138/794) (P0.01). In HBVM modes. mode HBsAg +,HBeAb +,HBcAb + was 67.06%(517/771)which is main mode in HCC group and 13.48%(107/794) in non HCC group. HBV DNA positive rate in mode HBsAg +,HBeAb +,HBcAb + is significantly higher than those in other modes. The results suggested that there is closely correlation between HCC and HBV infection. The integration of HBV DNA into the host liver cells and different HBV genotypes may be important factors in the pathogenesis of HCC.


Inthemanycaseswherethereare dynamics as thesedynamics areaffected by no solvable closed-form solutions forthe stochastic elements within thesimulation. dynamicsof Systemsof Systems(SOS), stochastic simulation may be the only Obviously, running simulations manytimeswhile practical solution togaining insight intothe sampling state information atsomeinterval may system'sinteractions, processes and produce hugedatasets. Therearemanywaysto outcomes. Gaining thisinsight oftenrequiresprocessthisdatato gaininsight intothe producingmany instantiations of the functioning ofthesysteminquestion. These simulation, which, depending ofthevariability techniques rangefromsimple descriptive statistics ofthesimulation, mayproduce hugeamounts tosophisticated machine learning algorithms. All of data.Statistical techniques existfor of the analytic techniques have particular summarizing therangeof outcomesand strengths andweaknesses. identifying andanalyzing various modelstates of interest. Oftenhowever, visualization techniques provide a more effective toolin gaining insight inthescopeandresult ofthe dynamicprocessesand interactions. The authorsdescribe and presenttheuse of DensityPlotting (DP) and Trajectory Fu 1 Storyboarding (TS), visualization techniques forpotentially extracting insights fromSOS models.


Background: An increased intestinal permeability (IP) may be a pathogenetic factor in Crohn disease (CD). Increases in IP could be an indicator of subclinical disease and precede clinical relapses. We examined whether an increased IP is a valid predictor of relapse in CD. Methods: 27 patients with CD in remission (CDAI <150) and 22 healthy controls ingested 3.7 MBq of 51Cr-EDTA, 20 kBq of 14Cmannitol and 5 g of unlabelled mannitol in 100 ml of distilled water. The percent urine excretion (24 h) of labelled markers was determined. Patients were followed for 1 year or until relapse, defined as CDAI > 150 and > 50 from baseline. Results: Median (25th-75th percentiles). The excretion of 51Cr-EDTA was 1.55% (1.13%-2.53%) for patients and 1.20% (1.11%-1.44%) for controls (P = 0.04). Three of 9 patients with a raised, and 6 of 18 patients with a normal, 51Cr-EDTA excretion relapsed (P = 1.00; Fisher's exact test). Thus, the specificity and sensitivity of the 51Cr-EDTA test as a predictor of relapse was 33% and 33%, respectively. The 51Cr-EDTA/14C-mannitol index was 0.060 (0.037-0.093) for patients and 0.045 (0.038-0.054) for controls (P = 0.06). Four of 12 patients with a raised, and 5 of 15 patients with a normal, index relapsed (P = 1.00; Fisher's exact test). Thus, the specificity and sensitivity of the index test as a predictor of relapse was 33% and 44%, respectively. For controls and patients in remission, who were tested twice, variability of and fluctuations in both the 51Cr-EDTA excretion and the index were greatest for patients. Conclusions: This study supports previous findings of an increased IP in patients with CD. Although fluctuations in the permeation of markers were pronounced in CD, neither the excretion of 51Cr-EDTA nor the 51Cr-EDTA/14C-mannitol index test were valid predictors of relapse in CD.


Survivors of severe Acquired Brain Injury (sABI) are often not afforded a fair chance of recovery. They can be considered as 'hopeless' cases and a drain on the health system. In addition, many of them are misdiagnosed: between 40% and 60% of persons diagnosed as being in a permanent vegetative state (PVS) are, indeed, conscious, often in a minimally conscious state (MCS). Although research has shown that, especially given the right support, there is virtually no limit to their recovery, they often do not recover to the level they could and within a reasonable timeframe because they are afforded a minimalistic treatment by the health system: food, water and medication. The An Saol Foundation was established in Ireland in 2017, with the mission of connecting recent research with current practices of rehabilitation. The aim of a three-year pilot by the An Saol Foundation, supported by the Irish Health Service Executive (HSE) is the co-design and implementation of living spaces for survivors of sABI and their families. The aim is to create an ecosystem of supports to enable the survivors of sABI and their families to live life to the full, using the latest technologies and engaging as fully as possible in community and cultural activities, to encourage a sense of liveness and co-presence, as well as to support all efforts at physical and communicative rehabilitation and engagement in the context of the whole community. An Saol has partnered with SMARTlab to develop a shared life lab for young people with sABI, to be co-located in a fully equipped SMART VR First lab providing the latest virtual and augmented reality training tools, soft robotics and haptic tools, and cobotics (companion robots for assisted living) so that survivors of young people with sABI can not only heal but can also experience a rich set of activities, sports, music and creative expression in the virtual world, and can train over time to co-create new content for these healing modalities for use by others. We have selected a co-researcher with sABI to co-design all aspects of this project with us. Pádraig Schäler has already taken part in an experiment to fly a drone to map rough terrain by remote, and has worn a VR headset to help test the weight and possible customization we will need to make as the project progresses. A team is building around Padraig, with experts in sensorial perception and sonic design, eye gaze and brain controlled multimodal interfaces, VR, AR, drones and robotics sharing their expertise around this Alpha user and co-inventor.


This study investigates whether restricted participation in productive activity is associated with cognitive health in Korea. Furthermore, given the enormous socioeconomic disparities between aging and gender differences in employment, we also examine whether these associations vary by gender and age. Data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing (KLoSA) from 2006 to 2016 was used and 9,942 subjects were included at baseline in 2006. To analyze the association between restricted economic activity due to health condition and cognitive function, generalized estimating equation (GEE) model and chi-square test were used. Of the 9,942 individuals at baseline in 2006, the odds ratio (OR) of cognitive decline in those in the "very probable" of restricted economic activity was 2.58 times higher (p-value: < 0.0001) compared with "not at all" of restricted economic activity. In a subgroup analysis, ≤ 64 years and ≥ 65 years groups presented similar results. OR of cognitive decline in "very probable" of restricted economic activity was 2.50 times higher (p-value: < 0.0001) compared with "not at all" of restricted economic activity in both groups, respectively. For male and female, OR of cognitive decline in "very probable" of restricted economic activity was 2.77 times higher (p-value: < 0.0001) and 2.40 times higher (p-value: < 0.0001) compared with "not at all" of restricted economic activity, respectively. Our findings highlight association between restriction in economic activity and cognitive function among middle aged and elderly population in Korea. Given the benefits of economic activity, efforts should be made to improve health condition and reduce barriers to participate in economic activity.


We treated a 52-year-old woman with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who developed invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) as a result of neutropenia following remission-induction chemotherapy. Although serological test results, such as those for platelia and pastrex, were all negative and the serum level of β-D—glucan was low,Aspergillus DNA was detected in blood by the polymerase chain reaction method. A clinically documented diagnosis of IPA was made on the basis of chest x-rays, computed tomography scan findings, and the detection ofAspergillus DNA. Micafungin (FK463), a candin class anti-fungal agent, was administered at a dose of 75 to 150 mg/day, because other antifungal agents were not effective. The increase in serum concentration of micafungin was dose-dependent and was accompanied by improvement of symptoms and objective findings. Micafungin was effective for the treatment of IPA in this patient with ALL.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a recording apparatus, a recording method, a reproducing apparatus, a reproducing method, a program for the recording method, and a recording medium for recording the program for the recording method whereby a personal user can enjoy sound signals by a multichannel in a higher sense of presence than that of prior arts even when the methods or the like are applied to a video camera using, e.g. an optical DVD and the personal user uses the video camera or the like to record the sound signals by the multichannel. SOLUTION: The recording apparatus or the like disclosed herein varies characteristics of sound signals FRT, FL, FR, RL, RR, and LF by the multichannel in a manner being in matching with a video image of a video signal depending on a result of imaging. COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT


The substrate specificity of a lipolytic enzyme from Pseudomonas mendocina 3121-1 regarding various oils (linseed, maize, olive, sunflower and soy-bean), triacyl glycerols (TAGs) (triacetin, tributyrin, tricaprin, tripalmitin, tristearin and triolein) and Tween type (20, 40, 60, 80 and 85) non-ionic detergents was investigated. Ps. mendocina lipase showed the highest lipolytic activity with regard to long chain TAGs, especially triolein, i.e. a substrate containing unsaturated fatty acid, and to olive and maize oils. The Tweens were used both as surfactants and substrates. Lipase hydrolysed all Tweens, and the efficiency of the hydrolysis was found to depend on their concentration and structure. This indicated that the Tweens examined could not be used for substrate emulsion stabilization, at least at a concentration of 11–44 mM. The enzyme showed the highest activity on Tween 85, i.e. polyoxyethylensorbitan trioleate, whose structure is close to that of triolein. The catalytic activity towards Tweens was found to be lower than towards triacylglycerols (TAGs) at the same concentration. In the presence of both olive oil emulsion and Tween 85 aqueous solution of a relatively low (0.8% (w/w) concentration the detergent seemed to act as a surfactant rather than a a substrate, because the hydrolysis in the system increased to a higher degree than the decomposition of Tween. Tween 85 was found to be the best substrate among all the detergents studied, and a 10% (w/w) concentration was found to be optimal for the hydrolysis by lipolytic enzyme from Pseudomonas mendocina 3121-1.


For too long aged care, and residential care in particular, has been designed and financed as a separate part of Australians' lives instead of the next phase of their post retirement years.


We demonstrate and characterize a new class of radio-frequency (RF)-photonic link for the linear transport of analog RF signals. Simultaneous and separate detection and digitization of optical in-phase and quadrature-phase signals is employed for linear phase demodulation in the digital domain. This is shown to allow significantly larger tolerance to imperfect physical implementation of the phase demodulating receiver. Digitizer-limited spur-free dynamic range improvement >12 dBldrHz2/3 is observed in our baseband demonstration. Modulation depths significantly exceeding unity are allowed and demonstrated.


Study of eco-tourism application In the coastal area, Padangbai Village, Bali. Ecotourism is an environmental-based industrial activity that seeks to reduce the impact that appears on nature and local culture while creating job opportunities increasing income and helping nature itself. The Padangbai tourism area has tourism potential, namely Padangbai Beach and the Silayukti Temple Area, which are both locations is side by side but with different activities so far they are running harmoniously. This is interesting for the author to examine the extent to which these two tourism objects apply the concept of ecotourism. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method with a case study approach by assessing ecotourism indicators. The results of this study are the principles in the concept of ecotourism have been fulfilled in aspects of environmental conservation, cultural education, and community participation. Parameters that show the strength of the application of ecotourism and the emphasis is more on the eco-religious aspect.


In sacred buildings light represents deity and the luminous scenario is the manifestation of a religious symbolism that overcomes all visual comfort requests. To the different architectonic styles corresponds a peculiar lighting scenario that reflects the religious thinking. In this paper, the architectonic styles have been classified in six luminous typologies on the basis of the luminous environment realized inside sacred buildings: Full of light, Semi-darkness, Light and shadow, Full of colors, Luminous pathway and Rays of light. The aim of the paper is to provide a useful instrument during the restoration intervention for a correct interpretation of the lighting concept in sacred building.


For downloading the full-text of this article please click here.Background and Objective: The use of mobile phones has recently become an indispensable part of life. Although mobile phones have several advantages, their excessive use can make individuals prone to dependence. The aim of this study was to investigate the moderating role of Islamic lifestyle in the relationship between cognitive emotion regulation and mobile dependency in adolescent girls.Method: The present study is a descriptive cross-sectional study of correlation type. The statistical population of the study consisted of all secondary school girl students in Kermanshah. Four hundred individuals were selected through multistage cluster random sampling. To collect data, subjects responded to Islamic lifestyle standards (LLST), cognitive/emotional regulation questionnaire (CERQ) and mobile phone harm survey (COS). In order to analyze the data, structural equation modeling was used. All ethical issues were observed in this study and the researchers declared no conflict of interests.Results: The results showed that cognitive/emotional adjustment and Islamic lifestyle are considered good predictors of mobile dependency. Also, based on the findings of structural equation modeling, there are significant and positive causal relationships between cognitive/emotional adjustment, Islamic lifestyle and mobile dependency. Moreover, the mediating role of Islamic lifestyle in the relationship between cognitive/emotional adjustment and mobile dependency was confirmed.Conclusion: The findings suggest that the use of Islamic lifestyle as a coping strategy in people with negative cognitive/emotional adjustment will prevent cell phone addiction.For downloading the full-text of this article please click here.RostamiNasab DolatAbadi Z, Ehsanpour F, Mohammadkhani M, Shariatmadar Tehrani A, Bagheri Mahyari N. The Moderating Role of Islamic Lifestyle in the Relationship Between Cognitive Emotion Regulation and Mobile Dependency in Kermanshah's Aadolescent Girls in ۲۰۱۷. J Res Relig Health. ۲۰۱۹; ۵(۳): ۸۴- ۹۵. doi:https://doi.org/۱۰,۲۲۰۳۷/jrrh.v۵i۳.۱۸۹۵۱


Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1 b and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)- a have been suggested to be involved in the pathophysiology of depression and in the mechanism of action of antidepressant drugs. Until now the effect of antidepressants on cytokines has been examined only in plasma, blood mononuclear cells and spleen, which reflect the activity of peripheral cytokine network. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of amitriptyline and its metabolite nortriptyline on the release of IL-1 b and TNF- a by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated rat mixed glial and microglial cell cultures. LPS stimulated the release of both cytokines. The exposure of mixed glial culture to amitriptyline and nortriptyline led to a decrease in both IL-1 b and TNF- a release. Moreover, amitriptyline reduced LPS-stimulated IL-1 b release by microglial cultures. Although amitriptyline reduced secretion of both cytokines, the drug did not affect IL-1 b and TNF- a mRNAs in mixed cell cultures. Our study has shown for the first time that amitriptyline and nortriptyline administered at concentrations which may be achieved in plasma and brain structures during treatment, inhibit the secretion of IL-1 b and TNF- a in rat mixed glial and microglial cell cultures. The obtained results support the previous observations that antidepressants are able to reduce peripheral release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and suggest that the cytokine network may be involved in the central mechanism of action of amitriptyline and nortriptyline.


VACCINIA OF THE TONGUE. ViEU. {Ajin. de Derm, et de Syph., Au.^ust, 1930, p. 873.) IT is important to remember the possibility of this condition when confronted with a pustular or papular affection of the tongue. Two cases are recorded, the first in w ĥich a recently vaccinated child conveyed the infection to the tongue of its mothei, and the second where a child, vaccinated on the arm, developed secondary vaccinial lesions on the face and tongue. References to other recorded cases are given. Isolated oases in adults are especially difficult to lecognize. but pustular lesions of the tongue should suggest the search among the patients' surroundings for an individual who has been recently vaccinated. J. A. D.


ObjectiveTo investigate the contamination by Legionella in water supply system in Zhongshan Hospital and use PCR assay to identify Legionella.MethodsA total of 52 samples from tap water supply system in 27 wards were collected and cultivated for Legionella. Two primers of 5s rRNA and mip genes were used to identify Legionella.ResultsLegionella was identified in 12 of the 52 samples (23.1%),from 9 of the 27 wards (33.3%). All strains were positive for Legionella DNA and negative for Legionella pneumonia DNA.ConclusionsThe water supply system in Zhongshan Hospital is seriously contaminated by Legionella. Corresponding preventive and control measures should be formulated to prevent outbreak of Legionella infection.


The probability of each network topology occurring in an actual power system is entirely different. The relays coordination considering overall possible topology variations without corresponding probabilities tends to cause unsatisfactory performance of relay settings in operation and even difficulty in determining settings. In this paper, a novel method is proposed for optimal coordination of directional overcurrent relays (DOCRs) considering network topological uncertainties through its probabilistic model. The relays coordination problem is formulated as a multi-objective optimization problem with two objective functions. One is the conventional function that minimizes overall operating time of the relays, and the other is to minimize the probabilities of loss of selectivity under network topology variations. With the proposed method, the settings are satisfactorily determined with the minimum probability of losing selectivity. The method proposed in this paper has been applied to an 8-bus power system, and the results demonstrated the better robustness towards the network topology variations over the prevailing approaches.


In recent years, a new type of double-layered containment structure of nuclear power plant has been built in China, named ACP1000 NNP. This paper aims to propose a new method to mitigate the seismic responses of this type of the structure.,The new base isolation structure (BIS)- tuned mass damper (TMD) structure was proposed and implemented only by modifying the connection between various components of NPPs, and the application of this concept design in ACP1000 was skillfully realized.,The new structure adopts the combination of structural form and function, adopts appropriate amplification of the seismic response of the secondary component, possesses advantages in explicit damping mechanism, good damping effect, robustness of seismic structures, simple implementation process, etc., and meets the special seismic safety requirements of the NPPs.,This seismic and hazard mitigation and BIS-TMD structure can avoid the risk of ACP1000 accidents caused by horizontal earthquakes.


A 15-year relationship has firmly cemented Flavourome in the position as manufacturing distributor for Firmenich in South Africa. This is a unique set-up with the global flavour and fragrance giant, and is indicative of the symbiotic relationship the two companies have formed over the years.


This article offers an appraisal of the Day of the Galician Letters dedicated to Xose Maria Diaz Castro and it describes its impact among young people. It focuses on the authenticity of Diaz Castro's poetry and the experience of those young people who discover him as a poet. It is also expressed the wish to continue on his path, his example of commitment to the Galician language and culture.


Background and objectives Acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring dialysis after cardiac surgery is accompanied by high mortality. Continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF) and extended daily dialysis (EDD) are commonly used for critically ill patients with AKI. The aim of this prospective randomized comparative pilot trial was to compare the efficacy of CVVHDF and EDD in patients with AKI after cardiac surgery. Patients and methods A total of 80 patients who developed AKI and who needed renal replacement therapy (RRT) after cardiac surgery were included in this prospective randomized comparative trial. Patients were randomized to receive either CVVHDF or EDD. The outcomes assessed were renal recovery, mortality rate at day 30, and cost of RRT in the ICU. Results Both groups were comparable with respect to demographic data and APACHE II score. The frequencies of renal recovery and mortalities were comparable in both groups. The cost of RRT was significantly lower in the EDD group compared with the CVVHDF group (P Conclusion Both CVVHDF and EDD are effective in patients with AKI after cardiac surgery, with EDD having the advantage of lower cost.


This paper is about the legitimacy of certain kinds of quantitative evidence, specifically differences in educational performance between groups, especially those defined by ethnicity, gender and class. The thrust is methodological, and because the quantitative evidence ultimately is dependent on particular mathematical and statistical assumptions, something needs to be said about these. One of the useful things about mathematical and statistical models of educational realities is that, so long as one states the assumptions clearly and follows the rules correctly, one can obtain conclusions which are, in their own terms, beyond reproach. The awkward thing about these models is the snares they set for the casual user; the person who needs the conclusions, and perhaps also supplies the data, but is untrained in questioning the assumptions. What makes things more difficult is that, in trying to communicate with the casual user, the modeller is obliged to speak his or her language-to use familiar terms in an attempt to capture the essence of the model. It is hardly surprising that such an enterprise is fraught with difficulties, even when the attempt is genuinely one of honest communication rather than compliance with custom or even subtle indoctrination. An example familiar to many concerned with testing is the use of the term 'specific objectivity' by exponents of the so-called 'Rasch' model. The use of this term leaves many casual users with the erroneous impression that it implies a sound and empirically verifiable justification for whatever conclusion are being drawn (Goldstein, 1979). More pertinent to the concerns of this chapter, terms such as 'test bias' have been used by modellers to refer to group differences which have nothing necessarily to do with the common understanding of bias as distortion [1]. Some practitioners (see for example Shepard et al., 1981) have attempted to inject more precision and acceptability into this term by defining test bias thus: "A test (or item) is biased if, 'two individuals with equal ability but from different groups do not have the same probability of success' on the test or item" (my italics). If anything, such a definition clouds the issue even further since it falls back upon another term 'ability' which is undefined and indeed can only be defined in terms of other tests (or items) which do not exhibit 'bias', and the resulting circularity is fairly clear.


In cutting temperature survey, in order to reflect the temperature change of cutting area accurately, the cutting tool sensor should have good technical characteristic. In this paper, one kind of automatic calibration system has been developed which could be used to investigate the technical characteristic of the multi-layered laminated thin film thermocouple cutting temperature sensor, this system selects Platinum-chip temperature sensor (concrete model: EN60751) as the standard temperature sensor, uses the AD524 precise amplifier chip building amplifying circuit and compiles the software with LabVIEW. This paper intends to investigate the static characteristic of the multi-layered laminated thin film thermocouple cutting temperature sensor system, the result shows that the Seebeck coefficient is 66.9 μV/°C, and the nonlinear error of fitting is smaller than 0.32%. This research has paved the way for future studying of thin film thermocouple cutting temperature sensor technology characteristic.


This paper proposed, from special tabulations of the Agricultural and Livestock Census of 1980, a typology of the productive units of Brazilian Agriculture, showing the major economic characteristics and importance regarding the national agricultural production.


Objective To examine the effect of intrathecal administration of nerve growth factor (NGF)on healing of tibial shaft fracture in rats. Methotis Forty-eight adult male SD rats were randomized into 2 equal groups.In the experiment group,2.5 S mNGF was injected into the intrathecal space at the L1 level of spinal cord for 2 weeks(1 μg/day),while the control were treated with normal saline of the same amount.After injection,the animals in both groups were sacrificed respectively at days 7,14,21 and 28 for all X-ray evaluation on the bone callus and an immunohistochemistry assay on related dorsal root ganglia (DRG)and osteotylus. Results The immunoreactivity of calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP)and substance P(SP)in DRG and osteotylus was significantly hisher in the NGF group than in the saline-treated controls.X-ray CValuation of osteotylus 21 to 28 days after fracture scored lower in the NGF group than in the controls but the healing process was enhanced in the former.A hisher proportion of cartilage was found in the NGF group than in the controls,and the reconstruction of callus was promoted. Conclusion Stimulating the release of sensory neuropeptides in the rat spinal cord and enhancing the immunoreactivity of CGRP and SP in DRG and callus.NGF Can result in accelerated fracture healing.

Key words:
Somatomedine; Tibia;  Fracture;  Calcitonin gene-related peptide;  Substance P: Dorsal root ganglia


As a modern headmaster,he must have his own ideas and a clear and definite goal to run a school.In recent years,targeting on strengthening school management,Huashan Primary School has learned from the famous educationist Tao Xingzhi,and seized the opportunity of the new curriculum reformation,dedicating ourselves to improving school quality and strengthening school-based management,perfecting our inner management mechanism,developing ourselves dependent on teachers in the course of reformation.


Based on the soil maps,topographic maps,K-wide map data,and DEM of lateritic red soil in Guangdong Province were set up by use of ArcGIS 9.2,altitude,slope,aspect and undulating terrain were extracted to explore the correlation in large-scale between terrain factor and total potassium content of lateritic red soil in Guangdong Province.The results showed that the total potassium content of lateritic red soil had high correlation with the distribution area of the indices of height slope and relief amplitude.The distribution area of total potassium content in soil was decreased as those terrain indices increasing and the correlation formula was inverse function.As for aspect,the distribution area of soil total potassium content was mainly in flat region and south-east slope.These also proved that terrain was important factor for soil formation and influence to the accumulation and transformation of soil total potassium.


One of the negative consequences of effect of extreme conditions of underwater welding is a low level of properties of welded joints, in the first turn, of ductility. Traditionally, this task is solved by optimization of microstructure of weld metal due to rational alloying. The purpose of this work was to establish the influence of microalloying of weld metal with titanium and boron on its mechanical properties in underwater welding using flux-cored wire. The structure of metal formed as a result of microalloying was investigated, and values of mechanical properties of deposited metal were determined. Optimal proportions of microalloying were established, at which high values of elongation of weld metal are provided. It is shown that its mechanical properties meet the requirements of A class of Specification on underwater welding ANSI/AWS D3.6. 5 Ref., 2 Tables, 7 Figures.


This study focuses on the management of inventories which become important in cost maximization and profit maximization. In this project, the contribution of inventories irrespective of its size, nature and an adequate level of inventory to carryout business operations and thus inventory becomes an important and integral part of business. It helps to maintain the right level of supply and reducing loss to goods or materials before they become a finished product are sold to the customer. The study which is explained in detail based on the secondary data. The tools like EOQ analysis, ABC analysis, Inventory turnover ratio and FSN analysis are used for this project. It helps to identify the factors in a company's success or failure. The data are being analyzed and arrived at findings and suggestions to measure the efficiency of the inventory management. This study also suggests the way to improve the satisfactory level of inventory management.


The sphere decoding (SD) algorithm is widely considered to be an efficient approach to obtain maximum likelihood (ML) performance in MIMO detection.Almost all of the research about the SD algorithm is based on the assumption of independent and identically distributed channel coefficients.However,the channel coefficients are often correlated in practice,which change the complexi- ty of the SD algorithm.In this paper,we study the standard SD algorithm in transmit correlated MIMO channels;the exact expression of the expected complexity is derived.Simulations show the effect of transmit correlation on the complexity of the algorithm,for different sig- nal to noise ratios (SNR) and numbers of antennas.


The surface chemistry of vanadium oxide catalysts was studied using UHV surface techniques and catalytic experiments at atmospheric pressure. In UHV, vanadium oxide films were grown on single crystal vanadium, Au(lll), and Au foil substrates. Silica supported V 20s was used in the catalytic experiments. Auger electron spectroscopy and low energy electron spectroscopy revealed temperature dependent surface segregation of contaminants on the V(llO) surface. Several cleaning procedures were used to remove persistent sulfur contamination. High temperature hydrogen treatment and argon ion sputtering at several temperatures were effective. Temperature programmed desorption revealed both a surface and a bulk desorption state for hydrogen, and two desorption states for potassium on V(llO). Recrystallized foils containing large grains with a V(lOO) orientation were also examined. Vanadium oxide films grown on a Au(lll) substrate were ordered and exhibited a ( v'3 x v'3)R30 ° LEED pattern. The growth mode and preparation of these films is discussed. The structure and Auger spectrum of the films were consistent . with a V 203 surface. The TPD of hydrogen, ethanol, and ethylene were examined on this surface. The peak temperatures for the desorption of H20, CO, and C02 were sensitive to the surface oxidation state. Polycrystalline V 20 5 supported on Au foil was also studied An oxidized surface was maintained through the facile surface segregation of lattice oxygen above 750 K. Two water desorption peaks were observed after the adsorption of predissociated hydrogen. CO, C02 , and C2H4 were the principle desorption products after


In Japan, not a few epileptic patients regard to surgical treatment of epilepsy have been and are being treated at neurofrom the neurosurgical point of view. At surgical clinics. Many have been nonoutpatient clinics, adjuvant examinations of surgical epileptics in addition to patients epileptic seizure cases to screen surgical with symptomatic epilepsy due to various cases include plain craniography and electroorganic lesions. The main reasons for this encephalography, with radionuclide brain situation are as follow: scintiscanning sometimes added if necessary.


Mesoporous molecular sieve MCM-41 possessed high specific surface area, regular pore structure and adjustable pore diameter, so it was a good catalyst support and had been widely used for Ni-based catalysts. A review was presented on research progress in the effects of mesoporous molecular sieve MCM-41 supports on Ni-based catalyts for hydrogenation, hydrodesulphurization and CO2 reforming of methane, etc. The future research focus of MCM-41 in catalytic reaction was proposed.


This study was designed to investigate the level of women autonomy and its impact on use of contraceptive in rural areas of Mandi Bahaud din, Pakistan. Trends of fertility in this rural area are very high due to low level of awareness. Married women were the target population and these women were found out by using cluster sampling in which a village of Mandi Bahaud Din, Pakistan was selected. Findings of the study accepted researcher's hypothesis; women education and work was found to be significant factors of women autonomy. This book is divided into six chapters. First chapter is Introduction in which background of study, statement of the problem, objectives and significance of the research is written. Second chapter is Review of literature, in which the previous researches from the area of women autonomy, their health care, and contraceptive usage are documented. In third chapter, conceptual and operational definitions are mentioned. After the definitions, methodology are explained in detail. Detailed analysis is given in the fifth chapter where descriptive and inferential analysis are explained separately. In last chapter conclusion is drawn with some recommendations.


 Abstract: This work reports the effect of Zinc Oxide Nano powder on mechanical properties of Epoxy coating. Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether epoxy resin (DGEBA) formulated with an optimized stoichiometric value of polyaminoamine adduct (ARADUR-PA450) as a curing agent at ambient temperature, is filled with different loadings of ZnO Nano powder (0, 1, 1.5, 2%). Steel and glass substrates were used as coating samples. A thin layer coating was applied by using bird applicator with wet film thickness (WFT) about 60-90 µm. The samples were kept for five days in a dust proof environment for complete curing at ambient temperature. The coated glass samples were used for pendulum hardness measurements while coated steel samples were used for scratch test, mandrel bend and cross hatch test. The dispersion of nano powder and morphology in the epoxy matrix were analyzed by using scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). Nano indentation was used to observe the young's modulus and hardness of the coating at nanometer level.


We introduce a distinct method to perform spatially-resolved spectral analysis of astronomical sources with highly structured X-ray emission. The method measures the surface brightness of neighbouring pixels to adaptively size and shape each region, thus the spectra from the bright and faint filamentary structures evident in the broadband images can be extracted. As a test case, we present the spectral analysis of the complete X-ray emitting plasma in the supernova remnant Puppis A observed with XMM-Newton and Chandra. Given the angular size of Puppis A, many pointings with different observational configurations have to be combined, presenting a challenge to any method of spatially-resolved spectroscopy. From the fit of a plane-parallel shocked plasma model we find that temperature, absorption column, ionization time scale, emission measure and elemental abundances of O, Ne, Mg, Si, S and Fe, are smoothly distributed in the remnant. Some regions with overabundances of O-Ne-Mg, previously characterized as ejecta material, were automatically selected by our method, proving the excellent response of the technique. This method is an advantageous tool for the exploitation of archival X-ray data.


Simple Summary The order Hemiptera is incredibly diverse in terms of modes of parthenogenetic reproduction. In this article, we review all currently known data on reproduction by true parthenogenesis, specifically thelytoky, in two major hemipteran suborders, Fulgoromorpha (planthoppers) and Cicadomorpha (leafhoppers). We discuss distribution patterns, ecology, mating behavior, acoustic communication, and the cytogenetic and genetic diversity of parthenoforms. We also highlight examples in which natural populations show a shift in sex ratio toward females and discuss possible causes of this phenomenon, primarily the influence of endosymbiotic bacteria capable of altering the reproductive strategies of the hosts. Abstract Insects are renowned for their remarkable diversity of reproductive modes. Among these, the largest non-holometabolous order, Hemiptera, stands out with one of the most diversified arrays of parthenogenesis modes observed among insects. Although there are extensive reviews on reproduction without fertilization in some hemipteran higher taxa, no such analysis has been conducted for the large suborders Fulgoromorpha (planthoppers) and Cicadomorpha (leafhoppers). In both groups, there are species that reproduce by true parthenogenesis, specifically thelytoky, and in Fulgoromorpha, there are species that reproduce by pseudogamy or, more specifically, sperm-dependent parthenogenesis. In this review paper, we give and discuss the only currently known examples of true parthenogenesis in Fulgoromorpha and Cicadomorpha, mainly from the planthopper family Delphacidae and the leafhopper family Cicadellidae. We analyze patterns of distribution, ecology, mating behavior, acoustic communication, and cytogenetic and genetic diversity of parthenoforms and discuss hypotheses about the origin of parthenogenesis in each case. We also highlight examples in which natural populations show a shift in sex ratio toward females and discuss possible causes of this phenomenon, primarily the influence of endosymbiotic bacteria capable of altering the reproductive strategies of the hosts. Our review is mainly based on studies in which the authors have participated.


Analytical expressions for the components of second-harmonic susceptibility tensor for the L-valley quantum well structures are derived employing the perturbative density-matrix formulation within the time dependent local density approximation (TDLDA). Indirect and direct Coulomb interactions are shown to affect the second-harmonic generation (SHG) spectra differently from each other depending upon the polarization of the pumped and generated light and upon the kind of many-subband system. It is found that the nonlinear dependence of the exchange-correlation potential upon the electron density influences the peak value of the spectrum connected only with the normal-incidence intersubband transitions. The effect of the Coulomb interaction, both direct and indirect, is shown to reveal itself strongly for a near-doubly resonant three-subband system even with a big intersubband gap (of more than 100 meV), while in case of a two-subband system it is best if the gap is of about 10 meV. The numerical calculations show that very fine near-doubly resonant step quantum well systems are required for the SHG and the TDLDA should be used to determine the near-doubly resonance condition.


Representative food and beverage manufacturing business of Palangkaraya in the course of improving sales volume of product outcome is more likely to address promotion policy. At any time, national sales volume increases when such promotion policy is properly performed. On that basis, this study aimed to observe whether promotion brings any effect on sales volume. Variables of this study include promotion (X) and sales volume (Y). This study used quantitative method by using Simple Linear Regression analysis means and assisted by SPSS. By simple linear regression, it showed Y = 99303537.603 + 242.742X. b = 242.762, identifying that each promotion fee increased in IDR1, then the sales increased amounting to IDR242.762. In other words, there is an effect on sales volume. Based on the results of determination analysis, R square of determination coefficient is 50.4%. Such number suggested that promotion variable brings an effect on sales volume of 50.4%. Meanwhile, 49.6% is affected by other factors unidentified in this study. Based on the result of t test, it suggested that Hypothesis test was conducted by consulting tcalculation and ttable, where sample test = 5 and degree of freedom (5-2) = 3 at significant rate of 5% was 1.691. The value of tcalculation obtained was 5.879. tcalculation is greater than ttable (5.879 ≥ 1.691). Hence, the hypothesis that promotion cost brings an effect on Hi Lo milk sales volume in Palangkaraya is accepted.


Free Space Optics(FSO) can provide inexpensive,rapidly deployable broadband access. Factors to be considered in the design of adaptive optical wireless link are discussed in the paper. Link restoration technique,such as Dynamic Load Switching(DLS) ensures the load switching between FSO and RF,and maintains the quality and availability of the link under different transmission losses. Zoned approach realizes the traffic balancing in multihop mesh network,thus overcomes the partial or total link failure in a better way.


If a particular patient is suffering from heart disease then there is utmost need required for monitoring their health. There should be a better system that ease patient to monitor sharply and make the trace of abnormalities obtained. In this system the heart rate of the subject is measured from the finger and displayed on a text based LCD and GSM bases network is used to send information on mobile phone.


The cubic B-spline smoothing filter operator to perform multi-scale filtering was designed using the characteristics of wavelet transform. The obtained multi-scale wavelet transform was combined with adaptive thresholds to extract image edge at different scales. Through using multi-scale characteristic of the edge information and synthesizing the multi-scale edge, the image edge with only one pixel wide was obtained. Computer simultion results show that this method is superior to the traditional edge detection methods with both precise image edge detection and effective noise restraining.


What is called judicialization of constitution is that the standard of constituion is gained universal respect in the field of judicature ,and is a process applicated by court .As the supereme law of the state,constitution can't only remain at the layer of recording historical facts ,describing programme of action of future society or reflecting policy and stand of the state,should establish judicial means to solve problem of constitution produced in social life.But the constitution of effect of our country has almost been ruled out the field of judicature,this not only isn't suited to social market economy system of our country,but also doesn't tally with the principle of ruling by law of socialism too.So must positively push the process of judicialization of constitution of our country forward.


Astrogliosis and glial scar formation following spinal cord injury (SCI) are viewed as major obstacles that hinder axonal regeneration and functional recovery. Regulating the glial scar and axonal regeneration in the lesion site is important for treating SCI.


While energy costs, home size, and home age in Ohio fall into an average range for the United States as a whole, homes in Ohio are well below the average price, making homeowners particularly cost sensitive when considering investments on energy savings features. In addition, Ohio is the seventh largest emitter of carbon dioxide in the nation, suggesting that reducing energy use can have an outsized environmental impact. These not only pose a tremendous challenge but also an urgency to home energy conservation in Ohio. This study examines residential consumers' understanding of and attitudes toward various energy efficiency measures (EEMs) and renewable energy systems (RESs) through a questionnaire survey with a sample size of 519 Ohio homeowners. The survey results not only revealed Ohio homeowners' knowledge gap but also identified barriers to implementing these improvements. The findings can assist in developing high-quality, well-tailored education and outreach programs to help homeowners make informed energy saving decisions. They can also help guide local policy decisions and the development of effective initiatives or incentive programs. This study suggests that it is imperative to fill the knowledge gap among homeowners, educate them about reasonable expectations on return on investment, and increase their awareness of non-energy benefits that could be achieved through home energy efficiency and renewable energy improvements.