Summary. Study of the requirements of the legislative field on the organization of children's tourism is an important segment of the guarantees of achieving effective results. It is necessary to increase the responsibility of the authorities, organizations that influence the pricing and organization of quality services in the segment of children's tourism. In today's conditions, the need to publicize data on the actual use of funds by the results of both state programs and grant social programs is relevant. At the present stage of development of Ukraine, one of the most important directions in ensuring the implementation of the state policy is to improve the health of children, to restore their vital forces, to create the appropriate conditions for the continuation of educational and educational processes, development of their creative abilities, because the issue of improving and resting children is a measure of the level life of the population and development of the state as a whole, but for the coun-try are important social and economic significance. Addressing the problems of preserving, strengthening and improving the health of the nation, increasing its working capacity, preventing diseases, treating and improving, and improving the provision of medical and social assistance to the population in the present conditions is impossible without the optimal use of the powerful resort and recreational resources of Ukraine. The need for reforming child-rehabilitation is also due to the existing post-crisis socio-economic situation, as a result of the financial crisis, which adversely affected the moral and physical health of the population, children, and the solvency of the population declined significantly. The article analyzes current legal documents on organization of children's tourism in Ukraine. The questions of regulatory regulation in Ukraine in the segment of tourist services concerning the age category of consumers of tourist services - children are considered. The analysis of the main categories concerning the essence and normative-legal provision in the field of organization and provision of services for children's tourism in Ukraine is carried out. The directions of improvement of the regulatory framework for quality organization of children's tourism services are determined and substantiated. On the basis of official statistics, monitoring of the status of organization and provision of child tourism services in recent years has been carried out. The scientific substantiation of the essence and characteristic features of children's tourism is presented. The analysis of modern directions of development of children's tourism with the categories and potential clients of tourist services and the corresponding specifics of their organization are determined and carried out. A general assessment of the status of children's tourism in Ukraine is made. The basic directions of organization and provision of high-quality tourist services for children by economic entities in the field of tourism, state authorities, local self-government, and public organizations are determined. The attention is focused on the principles of support at the state and regional level of activity of individuals and legal entities-entrepreneurs in the field of organization of children's tourism on a high professional level. The assessment of the potential for the promotion of appropriate tours and related tourist services for children has been assessed. Thus, in order to improve the organization of children's tourism, it is necessary to take into ac-count the complex of conditions, principles, factors, methods, methods and means of quality service and safety.


The exclusivist stance towards other religions (or worldviews) endorsed by many religious activists is one of the main factors which cause the religious violence and conflicts we can see in the wor ...


In this paper, a dynamic field circuit method, which is used to solve the 揤?type line-start permanent magnetic synchronous machine抯 dynamic problem is put forward. Until now, there are always three methods to analyze the line-start permanent magnetic synchronous machine抯 starting process: analytic method, finite difference and finite-element methods. Among the finite-element method, the methods which are often used are the quasi-dynamic field circuits combined methods and the dynamic field circuits combined methods. The later one is more accurate to simulate the dynamic process during the starting process, including the surface effects and varying parameters, such as d, q axis armature impedance and the rotor impedance.


Fundamentals. Theme 1: structural statics elastic deformations method of consistent deformations matrix force method. Theme 2: moment-distribution method slope-deflection method matrix displacement method. Coda: influence lines the treatment of non-prismatic members.


To analyse direct current circuit,Kirchoff law and Oham law are usually adopted.In this paper,a new method random walk method of charge,which based on random movement of free charge in circuit is iutroduced supposing that the free charge probably pass resistance,the distribution of current and voltage in circuit is achieved.Further more,the equivalency between the new and general mathod is proved.The current of bridge in unequlibrium wheatstone bridge and the equivalent formula of Y-connection and △-connection are deduced.


Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare but potentially fatal viral brain infection seen in immunocompromised patients and in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) on disease-modifying treatments such as natalizumab. The most frequent reported pattern of PML is that of large subcortical T2 and diffusion hyperintense lesions. Brainstem PML, although previously reported, is rare and therefore easily missed. A 46-year-old lady with a diagnosis of MS on treatment with natalizumab for 5 years, serum JC virus high positive; presented with worsening of long-standing unsteadiness. Prior imaging showed multiple supra and infra-tentorial T2 hyperintensities; however, repeat imaging at presentation demonstrated an increase in size and number of lesions in the medulla, more confluent lesions in the pons with restricted diffusion, but no change in the supra-tentorial lesion load. Natalizumab therapy was suspended and a lumbar puncture revealed a high JC virus titre (1,090,000 m/L), confirming a diagnosis of PML. Serial MRI's showed lesion progression with contrast enhancement at 10–12 weeks with associated CSF pleocytosis indicating immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. The patient was managed conservatively and her disability remained stable. PML affecting the brainstem is under-reported in the literature. Awareness and prompt recognition of the condition is needed to minimise complications. Jonathan email@example.com 69


AbstractThe University of Florida's Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (UF/IFAS) Florida Master Naturalist Program (FMNP) is an adult environmental education program with more than 450 trained program graduates in St. Lucie County, Florida. It is a collaborative
 effort of the UF/IFAS Extension St. Lucie County, St. Lucie County Environmental Resources Department, and partner agencies. Four UF/IFAS Florida Master Naturalist volunteers were recruited and received training and supplies to conduct water quality testing and algae collection in the Indian
 River Lagoon as part of the Volunteer Algae Monitoring Program (VAMP). The UF/IFAS research and extension faculty developed VAMP in response to the 2016 harmful algal blooms (HABs) in the Indian River Lagoon that resulted in dramatic impacts on businesses, residents, and visitors in Martin,
 St. Lucie, and Indian River counties. These HAB episodes demonstrate the importance of having informed citizen scientists with an understanding of the problems and threats. The VAMP citizen scientists conducted a water quality awareness survey with the general public after proactively scouting
 for HABs by collecting samples and conducting water quality testing at three waypoints in the Indian River Lagoon during May to November 2017 (excluding October) and February 2018. They utilized UF/IFAS Water Watch chemistry tests and processed and shipped water samples to the Laughinghouse
 Lab at the UF/IFAS Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, which conducted algae counts and genetic testing to determine the presence of harmful algae expressing microcystin-producing genes. Test results indicated fluctuating and inconsistent levels of saxitoxin but no indications of
 microcystins across the three sites and over time.


We studied the changes in the electronic structure of $\mathrm{Li}\mathrm{Co}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ induced by 10% Ga substitution. The technique used in the study was $\mathrm{Co}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}2p$ and $\mathrm{O}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}1s$ X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The spectra were analyzed using atomic multiplet and band structure calculations. The $\mathrm{Co}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}2p$ spectra show that the Co ions in $\mathrm{Li}\mathrm{Co}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ are in a trivalent ${\mathrm{Co}}^{3+}$ low-spin state, and that the electronic structure of the Co ions is not greatly affected by 10% Ga substitution. The Co ions remain in the trivalent ${\mathrm{Co}}^{3+}$ low-spin state in chemically deintercalated ${\mathrm{Li}}_{x}{\mathrm{Co}}_{0.9}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{0.1}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$. This shows that the Co ions in deintercalated ${\mathrm{Li}}_{x}{\mathrm{Co}}_{0.9}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{0.1}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ are not oxidized to a tetravalent ${\mathrm{Co}}^{4+}$ state. The $\mathrm{O}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}1s$ spectra are dominated by transitions to mixed $\mathrm{O}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}2p\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{Co}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}3d$ states at threshold. The transitions to $\mathrm{O}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}2p\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{Ga}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}4sp$ states appears well above threshold due to the larger hybridization. The $\mathrm{O}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}1s$ spectra of deintercalated ${\mathrm{Li}}_{x}{\mathrm{Co}}_{0.9}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{0.1}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ show an increase in the absorption intensity at threshold. The increased $\mathrm{O}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}1s$ absorption intensity indicates that the $\mathrm{O}$ ions are oxidized in deintercalated ${\mathrm{Li}}_{x}{\mathrm{Co}}_{0.9}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{0.1}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$. The results and conclusions obtained for deintercalated ${\mathrm{Li}}_{x}{\mathrm{Co}}_{0.9}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{0.1}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ are similar to those for ${\mathrm{Li}}_{x}{\mathrm{Co}\mathrm{O}}_{2}$; this shows that the Ga substitution does not significantly affect the charge transfer mechanism in ${\mathrm{Li}}_{x}{\mathrm{Co}\mathrm{O}}_{2}$.


Within the next years, a large number of new satellite systems for broadband multimedia communications will be developed for fixed, portable and mobile terminals. In order to satisfy the expanded bandwidth requirements and to avoid the restricted capacity of lower frequency bands, these systems will operate at frequency bands above 18 GHz.


This art education master's teaching thesis is a qualitative research study using
grounded theory and action research, informed by participatory action research,
to explore the notion of safe space. It examines different teaching methods and
pedagogical strategies in conjunction with the aesthetics and design of the
physical space, which can allow us to develop an atmosphere in the art
classroom that allows students to feel more comfortable, and consequently
create without restraint. This study was conducted over the course of five art
classes with nine participants from a reintegration program for women who have
recently experienced homelessness. Data was collected through audio-recorded
focus groups, photographs, researcher's field notes and participants' journal
entries.


Sanskrit Texts are generally known to be hard to interpret comparing to other old languages like the greek and the latin of Indo-European Group. The reason is why separate words are productively made to word-bundles (due to the inherent syllabification) and various sandhis of assimilation distort the final or initial forms of words very frequently, and these are different from the grammatical forms and entries grammars and dictionaries suggest. On this account it is very necessary to bring the word-bundles and sandhi-bound forms into the separates and sandhi-frees, and to construct the Processed Text Version. Aim of this paper suggests how linguistically to process the Modern Version of Sanskrit Buddhist Texts, Aṣṭasāhasrikāprajnāpāramitāsūtra(Vaidya 1960) and Pancaviṁśatisāhasrikāprajnāpāramitāsūtra(Kimura 2007, 2009) provided with full of word-bundles and sandhi forms, and to construct the Text-DB in the form of Processed Version, futhermore to reconstruct the Original Text Version that we can hardly find but Rigveda provided by TITUS.


The strong observed clustering of z > 3.5 quasars indicates that they are hosted by massive ( ) dark matter halos. Assuming that quasars and galaxies trace the same large-scale structures, this should manifest as strong clustering of galaxies around quasars. Previous works on high-redshift quasar environments have failed to find convincing evidence for these overdensities. Here we conduct a survey for Lyα emitters (LAEs) in the environs of 17 quasars at z ∼ 4 probing scales of . We measure an average LAE overdensity of , which we quantify by fitting the quasar–LAE cross-correlation function. We find consistency with a power-law shape with correlation length for a fixed slope of γ = 1.8 and rule out a zero clustering hypothesis at the 95% confidence level. We also measure the LAE autocorrelation length and find cMpc (γ = 1.8), which is times higher than the value measured in blank fields. Taken together, our results clearly indicate that LAEs are significantly clustered around z ∼ 4 quasars. We compare the observed clustering with the expectation from a deterministic bias model, whereby LAEs and quasars probe the same underlying dark matter overdensities, and find that our measurements fall short of the predicted overdensities by a factor of . We discuss possible explanations for this discrepancy, including large-scale quenching or the presence of excess dust in galaxies near quasars. Finally, the large cosmic variance from field to field observed in our sample (10/17 fields are actually underdense) cautions one from overinterpreting studies of z ∼ 6 quasar environments based on a single or handful of quasar fields.


The growth of video traffic makes it increasingly likely that multiple clients share a bottleneck link, giving video content providers an opportunity to optimize the experience of multiple users jointly. But today's transport protocols are oblivious to video streaming applications and provide only connection-level fairness. We design and build Minerva, the first end-to-end transport protocol for multi-user video streaming. Minerva uses information about the player state and video characteristics to adjust its congestion control behavior to optimize for QoE fairness. Minerva clients receive no explicit information about other video clients, yet when multiple of them share a bottleneck link, their rates converge to a bandwidth allocation that maximizes QoE fairness. At the same time, Minerva videos occupy only their fair share of the bottleneck link bandwidth, competing fairly with existing TCP traffic. We implement Minerva on an industry standard video player and server and show that, compared to Cubic and BBR, 15-32%of the videos using Minerva experience an improvement in viewing experience equivalent to a jump in resolution from 720p to 1080p. Additionally, in a scenario with dynamic video arrivals and departures, Minerva reduces rebuffering time by an average of 47%.


A stereotype is a generalization that people share over certain objects, and stereotyping is a way for the media to convey images in a certain way. Studies regarding stereotypes or stereotyping have focused on minorities, in the mainstream media. In addition, studies have found the public's perceptions over certain ethnic groups or people are heavily influenced by media contents. This study also focuses on the stereotypical portrayal, created by the Japanese media over certain ethnic groups, especially, white models, male or female. Keywords: stereotypes, stereotyping, gender role, frame


A steam generator at a nuclear power plant consists of thousands of thin tubes, and is a highly important component in operation. Also, steam generator tubes play a critical role in maintaining pressure boundaries of the primary and secondary sides, and can be easily damaged due to operation conditions caused by high temperature and pressure. Therefore, considerable amount of efforts are being committed to evaluating structural integrity of steam generators during in-service inspection. Eddy current testing is the commonly used inspection technique to evaluate a steam generator tube's integrity, but it has limitations in accurately sizing flaws due to the nature of the technique which determines size based on the entire volume of a flaw. In this study, experiments were performed by using ultrasonic testing instead of eddy current testing for the inspection of steam generator tubes to detect various kinds of flaws and to see if the detected flaws can be sized accurately. Consequently, the ultrasonic testing technique could detect various types of flaw, and the flaw sizing results were reliable in length and depth.


In the article, Aneta Jabłońska analyzes a way Witkacy defined art and creative process. Jabłońska discerns a parallel between Witkacy's terms and interpretations of these categories which were named in modernism. The author of the article shows the conceptions of art which were described in The 622 Downfalls of Bungo. She also presents how these conceptions influence the acts of the novel's main characters (among others of Bungo, Duke of Nevermore and Baron Brummel). Jabłońska distinguishes the following theories: aestheticism of the modern period, aesthetic pragmatism, and modern aestheticism. The article casts doubt on Bożena Danek-Wojnowska's thesis because Jabłońska proves that in his novel, Witkacy did not opt for any of the theories which he showed in The 622 Downfalls of Bungo as each of them was either destroying the artist or denying the existence of pure art and its creation.


Not sure where to start your research or which guide fits your topic? Start with this 'all-purpose' list of resources. Articles in journal, magazine and newspaper indexes and databases


The marriage of Louis XIV of France in 1660 to his cousin, the Infanta Maria Teresa of Spain, was greeted with celebrations in both countries. Planned from 1656, it was the fitting centerpiece to the Peace of the Pyrenees, a treaty negotiated between the two nations, which brought with it the promise of respite from the bitter hostilities and harsh distrust that characterized their relationship.1 Louis's mother, Anne of Austria, enthusiastically supported the marriage. Spanish, herself?daughter of Philip III, sister of the then reigning king of Spain, Philip IV, and aunt to Maria Teresa, her son's betrothed?Anne was largely responsible, as queen and later regent of France, for an increase in Spanish influence at the French court during the minority of Louis XIV. Although of short duration when compared with the dominance of Italian culture there throughout most of the century, this influence nevertheless engendered a flurry of courtly interest in the qualities of Spanish national character, which found expression in dress, language, d?cor, theater, music and dance.2 It was an interest that was to


Abstract : A unified method is presented for analyzing the gross effects of friction, rod pull, and ground support on the motions and reactions in an artillery piece. A variety of models are presented in order that the changes in these effects may be studied as a funcion of configuration. All models are the simplest possible geometrically and as such do not permit investigation of second order effects. (Author)


It always takes more time to analyze the discrete degree of object and to confirm the computational results while using the ANSYS software of finite element analysis(FEA) on solving complex engineering problem.Mesh dividing that often affects analysis precision and the scale of solution is the very important assignment and project required in FEA.Therefore,this study with some examples is performed to discuss the way that divide mesh in ANSYS software and put forward application scope and features and remarkable note for dividing different mesh。


Isotherms and x-ray diffraction studies of eicosanoic acid Langmuir monolayers show a phase in which the molecular tilt is intermediate between nearest-neighbor (NN) and next-nearest-neighbor (NNN) directions. The transition from this "I" phase to an NN-tilted structure is first order, with a ∼60° change in the tilt direction, while the transition to an NNN-tilted structure is apparently continuous. These results can be explained using a Landau-type theory for uniaxially distorted lattices, which is a modification of an existing theory for hexagonal lattices [J. V. Selinger and D. R. Nelson, Phys. Rev. Lett. 61, 416 (1988)].


In this previously healthy 22-year-old man with a hemoglobin level of 5.1 g per deciliter, endoscopy of the gastrointestinal tract was unremarkable, despite a positive test for fecal occult blood. Six days later, he presented with abdominal pain and vomiting.


This offline teaching device has a display unit, a storage unit, and a control unit. The display unit displays a teaching program and a model diagram. The storage unit stores commands for configuring the teaching program, and model data of the model diagram. The control unit controls the display unit and the storage unit. The teaching program includes a position detection program configured from a plurality of position detection commands, and a welding program configured from a plurality of welding commands. The control unit displays on the model diagram a movement trajectory of a robot in which the teaching program is executed. The control unit displays a portion of the plurality of position detection commands and a portion of the plurality of welding commands on the model diagram.


The conversion of analog moving Images into digital files and the convergence of media on the Computer has led film theory back to many of its key issues of the 1 9 7 0 S . The textuality debates are recast in a Situation where writing, sound and stiU and moving images are stored in the same digital code. The question of the quotability of the moving film image seems to have its answer, almost to the point of losing its relevance, in the convergence of media into one and the same code. Consequendy, all media are subject to the same Operations of search and copy, cut and paste. In Raymond BeUour's famous short text "Le texte introuvable", written as a commentary to Christian Metz's work on film and language, the film image remains unquotable, because its movement is inaccessible for text and illustrations.' Motion is always lost in description, in frame enlargements and in graphic pattems of movement. Ihis preoccupation with quotability led to an experimental practice in film theory in the relationship between text, frame enlargements, charts and diagrams. BeUour's own work in the field of "sequence analysis" is key to the development of these practices.^ His later dose attention to video art and video installations, as well


Recent scandals involving scientists and doctors, drug companies and governments illustrate the need for stronger whistleblower protection in Canada, public interest advocates contend.

![Figure][1]

Figure. Winnipeg whistleblowers: Nurses Irene Hinam, Carol Youngson and Carol Bower spoke


The present invention relates to a call connection method in the reception of a mobile device. According to the present invention, the call connection method in reception of a mobile device comprises six steps. According to the present invention, the voice signal of a user coming from the microphone (MIC) of the mobile device is changed into a latter data. A call is connected without a locking function. [Reference numerals] (AA) Start;(BB,DD) No;(CC,EE) Yes;(FF) End;(S310) Receive a smartphone call;(S320) Input the receiver's voice;(S330) Store the receiver's voice;(S340) Recognize the voice;(S350) Success ?;(S360) Notify the failure in recognizing the voice;(S370) Is the command CALL ?;(S380) End the call;(S390) Transmit text data;(S400) Switch to the call mode;(S410) Transmit the stored voice


Propagation phenomena of two nonlinearly coupled orthogonal waves in a slab waveguide are demonstrated numerically. It is shown that the propagation behavior is strongly dependent on the particular nonlinear mechanism as well as on the optical power allotted to each polarization component.


Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare the pharmacodynamic activity of bilastine administered under fasting and fed conditions in healthy volunteers. Methods: In this randomized, open-label, two-period, crossover study involving 24 healthy subjects, once-daily oral bilastine 20 mg was administered for 4 days under fasting and fed conditions, with a 7-day washout period. Bilastine plasma concentrations were measured for 24 h after the first and fourth doses in each period. Pharmacodynamic activity was assessed by wheal and flare surface inhibition and subjective assessment of itching, after intradermal injection of histamine 5 μg. Results: When administered under fed versus fasting conditions, exposure to bilastine 20 mg decreased (mean maximum plasma concentration and area under the curve from time 0 to 24 h decreased by 34.27% and 32.72% [day 1], respectively, and 33.08% and 28.87% [day 4]). Despite this, the antihistaminic effect of bilastine 20 mg was not altered by food. On day 1, as assessed by wheal and flare surface inhibition, the maximum effect and duration of action of bilastine did not differ to a significant extent between fasting and fed conditions, with only a short 30-min delay in the onset of wheal inhibition. At steady state (day 4), bilastine's pharmacodynamic effects were not significantly affected under fasting or fed conditions. Conclusion: The pharmacokinetic interaction of bilastine with food does not imply a significant reduction of its peripheral antihistaminic efficacy. Despite a slight delay in onset of action on the first treatment day, the global clinical efficacy of bilastine is not affected by coadministration with food.


It is an important way for the grid to realize the transformation of energy Internet enterprises by providing economic and efficient integrated energy services to users. It is of great significance to choose the appropriate business model. Therefore, a multi-regional integrated energy service business model is proposed, and the economy of the business model is optimized based on cost-benefit analysis. Firstly, the integrated energy service and its business model are summarized. Then, a comprehensive evaluation model for integrated energy service business model is proposed based on cost-benefit analysis to measure the economic value of business models. On this basis, an optimization model for integrated energy service business model is established, in which maximizing the benefit-cost ratio is taken as the optimization objective. Case studies on a multi-regional integrated energy system illustrate the economic value of the proposed business model in different regions.


This paper aims to present an approach for the numerical simulation of concrete shrinkage. First, some physical mechanisms of shrinkage are described and then the developed numerical model for the analysis of shrinkage of spatial three-dimensional structures using thermal analogy is presented. Results of the real behavior of structures because of concrete shrinkage using the developed numerical model are compared with the experimental and it is clearly shown that the developed numerical model is an efficient tool in predicting the time-dependent behavior of all concrete structures.,In this paper, Fib Model Code 2010 to predict shrinkage deformation of concrete is used, and it was incorporated in the three-dimensional numerical model using the thermal analogy. Mentioned three-dimensional numerical model uses the modified Rankine material law to describe concrete behavior in tension and modified Mohr-Coulomb material law to describe concrete behavior in compression. The developed three-dimensional numerical model successfully analyzes the behavior of reinforced and/or prestressed concrete structures including time-dependent deformations of concrete as well.,Results are shown in this paper clearly demonstrate the reliability of the developed numerical model in predicting the shrinkage strain, as well as its impact on concrete and reinforced concrete structures. The results obtained using the developed numerical model are in better agreement with the experimental results, than the results obtained using the numerical models from literature that also use the Fib Model Code 2010 to predict the shrinkage strain. So, it can be concluded that for a real simulation of concrete structures, alongside the model for predicting the shrinkage strain, the models for concrete behavior in tension and compression have a very important role.,Results of the developed three-dimensional numerical model were compared with experimental results from literature and with theoretical foundations, and it can be talked that this numerical model presents a good tool for analysis of reinforced and prestressed concrete structures including shrinkage deformation of concrete. Results obtained using the developed three-dimensional numerical model are better agreed with experimental than results of other numerical model from literature.


FIELD: biotechnology. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a method for fad-3c gene zygosity determination in a canola plant. Also, a kit to implement tha said method is disclosed. EFFECT: invention allows efficient determination of fad-3c gene zygosity in a canola plant. 14 cl, 2 dwg, 2 tbl, 1 ex


find the optimal for shading device of fixed for the of the in of thermal efficiency using parametric analysis. For one three on three of with window louvers at different depths, angles, and distances thermally simulated with EnergyPlus software and the HoneyBee plugin in addition to the Galapagos plugin for optimization. Based on the optimized samples, possible to the thermal energy consumption by 32.34%, 23.71%, and 30.2%, respectively using the ideal louvers on the east, south, and west facades. In terms of thermal efficiency, the distance between the blinds on the south facade and the angle between them on the east and west facades of a window louver are the most


Abstract The plant Hygrophila auriculata (K. Schum) Heine, (Acanthaceae), has been traditionally used for the treatment of inflammation, pain, urinary infection, edema, gout and as a diuretic. It is described in ayurvedic literature as Ikshura, Ikshugandha, and Kokilasha having eyes like the Kokila or Indian Cuckoo. The plant is widely distributed throughout India, Sri Lanka, Burma, Malaysia and Nepal. Following various folk claims for cure numerous diseases, efforts have been made by researcher to verify the efficacy of the plant through scientific biological screenings. The plant contains saponins, alkaloids, steroids, tannins, flavonoids and triterpenoids are the main phytoconstituents. A scrutiny of literature revealed some notable pharmacological activities like anti-nociceptive, anti-tumor, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, hypoglycemic, haematinic, diuretics, free radical scavenging, anthelmintic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, anabolic and androgenic activities. This study deals with the preliminary phytochemical screening and detailed pharmacognostical study of leaf, stem and root of Hygrophila auriculata (K. Schum) Heine which includes macro and microscopic studies, determination of physico-chemical parameters of the extract using TLC and HPTLC fingerprinting. The aqueous, alcoholic, petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions separated from the alcoholic extract of Hygrophila auriculata were prepared and the total phenolic content was estimated. Physico-chemical studies revealed alcohol soluble extractive (5.12%w/w), water soluble extractive (24.96 ), total ash (9.90), acid insoluble ash (1.48), water soluble ash (8.35% w/w), loss on drying (6.30% w/w), swelling index (2.0% w/w), foreign matter (1.10% w/w). Flourescence analysis exhibited considerable variation and preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, triterpenoids, tannins and saponins. HPTLC profile of n-butanol fraction represent presence the various types of triterpenoids. These studies will provide referential information for the correct identification of the crude drugs.


The passions is the first principle in the Confucius's theory on Benevolence. The relationship between reason and passions is the main topic of the theory on Benevolence. Confucius's assertion"Benevolence is a reasoned universial passions"gets reason and passions together.Centering on "production",Neo-Confucianism reaffirm the value of reason and passions which had been negated by Buddhism,and reunit the reason and passions in the model of "an organic whole of the heaven and human being ".


Agriculture is the process of cultivation of land, growing crops, and raising livestock. It plays a major role in the country's economy. Agriculture involves a lot of steps in the whole process. From the very first step to the last step, each and every activity requires skilled and hardworking labor. In this paper we are trying to design a multipurpose agriculture robot that can be used for all types of work that requires a lot of manpower and hard work. The robot will be able to perform tasks like seed sowing, watering plants, spraying medicines, and surveillance. This paper aims to automate the process of agriculture using the latest technology to meet the current increasing demands of the country.


Objective To study the protective effects and possible mechanisms of madecassoside(MC) on hippocampal neurons in mice.Methods Demented models of mice were made by gavage with Al 400 mg·kg-1·d-1 for 90 d.Effects of different MC dosage(30,60 mg·kg-1·d-1) on the following parameters were evaluated by behavioral,biochemical,pathological and immunohistochemical methods,including behavioral changes of passive learning and memory ability and spatial recognition ability,biochemical changes including levels of malondialdehyde(MDA) and SOD,pathological alterations of hippocampal neurons,as well as protein expression of caspase-3 and COX-2 in hippocampal neurons.Results MC 30 and 60 mg·kg-1·d-1 for 90 d significantly prolonged the latency(31.40±22.04 vs 124.10±74.38 and 138.80±90.85)(P0.05) and reduced the number of errors(3.00±1.15 vs 1.60±0.69 and 1.40±0.84)(P0.05) trained in step-down test and shortened the escape latency(36.2±11.2 vs 18.5 ±7.3 and 19.4±9.9)(P0.05) of demented mice in Morris water maze task,markedly decreased the elevations of MDA levels(nmol/mg prot)(3.73±0.38 vs 2.50±0.42 and 2.59±0.47)(P0.05) and increased the activities of SOD(U/mg prot)(362.8±37.6 vs 445.7±23.9 and 425.5±38.8)(P0.05) in mice brain.Moreover,both dosages of MC significantly attenuated the damage to hippocampal neurons and inhibited the protein expression of caspase-3(0.255±0.079 vs 0.090±0.026 and 0.132±0.049)(P0.05) and COX-2(0.099±0.006 vs 0.038±0.004 and 0.045±0.008)(P0.05) in hippocampal neurons of demented mice.Conclusions MC can protect hippocampal neurons against injury obviously by enhancing anti-oxidant capacity and preventing neurons from apoptosis and anti-inflammatory effect.


In vitro experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of essential oils on 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase and ACC oxidase by using crude enzyme extracts from wounded mesocarp tissues of winter squash (Cucurbita maxima Duch. cv. Ebisu). Enzyme activities were assayed in a closed vessel including essential oils in its head space. All of the essential oils tested inhibited ACC synthase activity. A 50% inhibition was obtained with limonene and linalool at 28 and 25μl/l (liquid volume in the head space), respectively. Greater inhibition was found with aldehyde group essential oils. Citral, 1-octanal, 1-nonanal and 1-decanal inhibited ACC synthase activity by 50 to 78% and citronellal by 78 to 93% at their applied amounts ranging 3.6 to 36μl/l. On the other hand, the essential oils did not inhibit ACC oxidase activity. However, aliphatic aldehydes such as 1-octanal, 1-nonanal and 1-decanal caused a non-enzymatic breakdown of ACC into ethylene.


A facile template‐based approach toward zwitterionic SiO2NH2‐Au patchy particles is presented. Therefore, wrinkle templates prepared by stress release in a bilayer system comprised of an elastic PDMS fundament and a thin SiOx top layer are used. After aligning positively charged, amine‐functionalized silica particles in wrinkle grooves, their surfaces are partially modified with negatively charged gold nanoparticles in an electrostatic adsorption step. Patchiness is precisely controlled by the degree of immersion of the initial particles into wrinkles of varying dimensions. By ultrasonication or wetting with a water droplet, patchy particles are easily released from the substrate‐yielding particles with two oppositely charged hemispheres. Interfacial tension measurements prove the surface activity of the SiO2NH2‐Au particles in an oil/water system and are explained in the view of the Janus‐type surface charges of the particles and the charge of the oil/water interface.


A study was carried out under plant house condition to assess the reaction of three maize varieties to M. incognita parasitism between May and July 2017. A pot experiment was carried out in a Completely Randomized Design with five replications. Meloidogyne incognita eggs @ 2000 eggs were applied per plant. Mamaba, Obaatanpa and Abeleehi maize varieties exhibited resistance potential by suppressing reproduction, development and establishment of the obligate parasite. Gall index, stem girth, plant height and shoot dry matter weights were not significantly affected. These maize varieties could be incorporated into well planned crop-land rotational and maize breeding systems to minimize M. incognita populations' build-up and damage to susceptible crops such as okra which follow maize in a crop rotation system.


The internal and external inconsistencies of cold fusion phenomena are discussed. It is shown that most of these inconsistencies can be removed by assuming the formation of binuclear atoms that have the ability to trap thermal neutrons from the natural background in a localized state. 29 refs., 3 figs.


It is well-recognized that the value of transverse rupture strength, TRS, can exceed that of ultimate tensile strength, UTS, of the same PM material, identically processed, by a factor up to ~2, although both these parameters appear relate to the fracture stress in tension by the same mechanism. Except for completely brittle materials failing after only elastic deformation, these parameters are not true fracture stresses and the plasticity correction for simple tension from UTS to the true tensile fracture strength, σ[T]max, is well-established. To take account of plasticity in bending, the Euler-Bernouilli analysis is extended for linear work hardening and the relationship between UTS and the true maximum stress in bending, derived. Generally stillσ[B]max > σ[T]max. Taking note of the stress distribution in a bend specimen being different to the uniformly stressed tensile specimen, Weibull statistical approach is used to calculate normalised values for the maximum tensile stress in bending in a specimen of the same size and shape. ISO tensile specimens were tested in simple bending as well as tension and the normalised maximum bend stress was found to correspond very closely to the true tensile fracture stress.


Fingerprint verification is one of the most reliable personal identification methods. However, most of the automatic fingerprint identification system (AFIS) is not run via Internet/Intranet environment to meet today's increasing Electric commerce requirements. This paper describes the design and implementation of the archetype system of identity authentication based on fingerprint biometrics technology, and the system can run via Internet environment. And in our system the COM and ASP technology are used to integrate Fingerprint technology with Web database technology, The Fingerprint image preprocessing algorithms are programmed into COM, which deployed on the internet information server. The system's design and structure are proposed, and the key points are discussed. The prototype system of identity authentication based on Fingerprint have been successfully tested and evaluated on our university's distant education applications in an internet environment.


Abstract : Cyclin D1 deregulation is implicated in the genesis of breast cancer, and elevated cyclin D1 protein expression occurs in the absence of gene amplification, suggesting that post-translational regulation is disrupted during the neoplastic process. Cyclin D1 protein is tightly regulated following the G1/S transition via threonine-286 (T286) phosphorylation and cytoplasmic degradation directed by the SCFFbx4 E3 ubiquitin ligase. Disruption of this regulation is deleterious to cell homeostasis, as nuclear cyclin D1 accumulation promotes DNA re-replication and genomic instability mediated by CUL4 repression and subsequent stabilization of the replication factor CDT1. Consistently, our recent work utilizing Fbx4-/- primary murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) revealed that loss of Fbx4 accelerates growth, facilitates cyclin D1 protein stabilization in S-phase, and promotes nuclear cyclin D1 accumulation. However, increased proliferation in early passage Fbx4-/- MEFs is antagonized by DNA damage checkpoint activation with marked accumulation of DNA double strand break (DSB)-associated nuclear foci, consistent with nuclear cyclin D1 driving genomic instability. Additionally, further molecular dissection of nuclear cyclin D1-dependent genomic instability identified the protein arginine methyltransferase 5/methylosome protein 50 (PRMT5/MEP50) complex as a substrate and effector of cyclin D1-dependent neoplastic transformation, as nuclear cyclin D1 retention during S-phase increases PRMT5-dependent histone methylation at key target promoters, including CUL4A/B, providing a direct correlation among aberrant cyclin D1/CDK4 activity, transcriptional regulation, and perturbation of DNA replication fidelity. Collectively, these findings reveal an intricate relationship wherein nuclear cyclin D1/CDK4 activity modulates genetic alterations necessary for perturbed DNA replication, genomic instability, and ultimately neoplasia.


We propose multitone-hopping code-division multiple access (MH-CDMA) using a feedback-controlled hopping pattern (FCHP) (FCHP/MH-CDMA). In the FCHP/MH-CDMA, part of the filter coefficients of an adaptive finite-duration impulse response (FIR) filter receiver are fed back to a transmitter, in which they are used as an updated hopping pattern. Each chip of the updated hopping pattern consists of plural tones. As a result, it is shown that the FCHP/MH-CDMA provides us with an excellent asynchronous, decentralized multiple-access performance over time-invariant multipath channels.


FINLAND is a small North‐European country with a population of about 5 million. It has historical ties with Sweden and Russia. Consequently, there are two official languages in the country: Finnish and Swedish. The education system is based on a 9‐year comprehensive school. Education is compulsory for all children between the ages of 7 and 16. Health and welfare services for children with disabilities are mainly provided within the regular services but special services are ensured by special laws. Special education services are provided at every level of education and learning environment modifications range from remedial education to individual instruction at home. In the comprehensive school about 16% of all pupils receive special education in some form. The majority of special pupils receive part‐time special education by resource room teachers. Individual and group integration has increased strongly during the last decade and more emphasis is placed in the development of individual special education p...


In an earlier paper [R. G. Musket, D. W. Brown, and H. C. Hayden, Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 7/8, 31 (1985)] we showed that high‐dose oxygen ion implantation into bulk aluminum results in the formation of subsurface layers of Al2O3. However, for oxygen doses exceeding that required for oxidation of all the locally available aluminum atoms, the implanted layer contained excess oxygen with the ratio O/Al reaching 3.2. At that time we proposed that excess oxygen was trapped physically at point defects and/or microviods (i.e., bubbles). We have now examined these implanted layers using cross‐sectional transmission electron microscopy and cross‐sectional scanning electron microscopy. Both of these techniques have provided clear evidence for the existence of 20–100 nm oxygen bubbles. Combining these results with those from Rutherford backscattering and conventional transmission electron microscopy has led to a more complete understanding of the formation process.


This paper comments on a paper written by Andrew M. Francis and Hugo M. Mialon, titled 'A Diamond is Forever' and Other Fairy Tales: The Relationship between Wedding Expenses and Marriage Duration, and makes suggestions for implementing the results of their study.


Text analytics consists of examining the unstructured data contained in natural language using various methods, techniques, and tools. This form of analytics has been growing in popularity due in part to social media and its ability to record public opinion on topics of interest. Blogs are a powerful form of social media in that they are easy to create and maintain and enable any Internet user to become a content creator. Deriving meaning from such open source content can be applied to many domains including marketing, product development, and intelligence gathering. We apply text analytic tools to derive value from a cybersecurity blog authored by a prominent figure in the cybersecurity field. The blog is popular among cybersecurity aficionados who have an interest in the author's expert opinion on cybersecurity topics such as vulnerabilities, patches, and privacy. The author has been actively blogging on this platform since 2004. We implement website scraping tools and generate a text data set by harvesting text from the cybersecurity blog. We process and analyze this text using the Natural Language Toolkit in Python. We process the removing stop-words and punctuation, converting all letters to lowercase, and removing inflectional word endings. We apply word frequency measures to analyze the processed text and reveal the most frequent topics discussed by the blog's author. In addition, we map these frequent topics to a timeline to uncover meaningful patterns in topics of interest across the blog and how discussions of cybersecurity topics have evolved over 15 years in this author's blog.


The study aims to assess the patient' satisfaction by using a new method called SERVQUAL technique which conducted in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC)' hospitals. This technique will measure the gap between patients' expectation and their perception followed 6 dimensions of inpatient healthcare service in a public hospital and a private hospital. The higher the gap score is, the greater patients satisfy. On the other hand, this technique will also measure the importance weight of each dimension and combine with the gap score to rank the quality of dimension. The final results showed that in public and private hospital at this moment, their healthcare service in two HCMC' hospitals have not met patients' expectations, although in public hospital, in each dimension, the gap score is better than in private hospital. In other words, to rank the quality of each dimension will help two hospitals in term of determining their weakness which should be improved in the future.


ABSTRACT Dissolved iron (Fe) distribution and speciation was determined in water samples (0–200 m) collected in a coastal area near Terra Nova Bay during the austral summer of 2014. Nutrients, dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll-a, phytoplankton composition and prokaryotic biomass distribution were investigated in combination with measurements of the physical properties of the water columns and its dynamics. The dFe value was above the limiting growth concentration, ranging from 0.52 to 4.51 nM, and it showed a spatial variability with a horizontal length scale of about 10 km, according to the variability of the water column physical properties and to iron sources. The organic ligands (L) maintained the concentrations of dFe at levels much higher than the inorganic solubility of Fe, keeping it available for phytoplankton and the log K'FeL values found (from 22.1 to 23.6) highlighted the presence of complexes of differing stabilities.


Several international organizations have published safety codes governing laser uses. The current laser safety standards have two sets of ocular exposure limits. One set relates to the intrabeam or point source viewing condition, the other to a diffuse reflection or an extended laser source. The latter although seldom used is nevertheless important. The increasing power of lasers can induce hazardous reflections. New laser products, especially in recent investigative techniques of the retina and in retinal imagery, are ever more using extended sources or optics producing large retinal images.Many biological data exist on damage thresholds for minimal retinal image sizes. No controversy concerning the threshold values has been reported. The experimental results are in good agreement with present exposure limits. At the opposite, for non-minimal images few experiments were performed to know the influence of the retinal image size and specify the corresponding laser injury thresholds. Problems appear when comparing the limit values and the biological data base for large image sizes.Several international organizations have published safety codes governing laser uses. The current laser safety standards have two sets of ocular exposure limits. One set relates to the intrabeam or point source viewing condition, the other to a diffuse reflection or an extended laser source. The latter although seldom used is nevertheless important. The increasing power of lasers can induce hazardous reflections. New laser products, especially in recent investigative techniques of the retina and in retinal imagery, are ever more using extended sources or optics producing large retinal images.Many biological data exist on damage thresholds for minimal retinal image sizes. No controversy concerning the threshold values has been reported. The experimental results are in good agreement with present exposure limits. At the opposite, for non-minimal images few experiments were performed to know the influence of the retinal image size and specify the corresponding laser injury thresholds. Problems appear when co...


. The increasing integration of IoT technology into our daily lives through applications, it is critical to assure these systems security and privacy problems. Furthermore, time-critical IoT applications in healthcare necessary access to real-time private information from third parties (users) via wireless communication devices As a consequence; user identity concerns have to be handled in IoT wireless sensor system networks. (WSNs). In this paper, a secure and compact three-factor identification technique for future IoT WSN applications that relies on user biometric feature extraction. The method that was proposed depends on hash and XOR functions, and it includes (i) three-factor authentication; (ii) a shared session key; (iii) mutual authentication; and (iv) key freshness. The simulation tool here using is AVISPA for Rapid Verification of Internet Security Protocols and an informal security research that confirms its other qualities. Furthermore, our calculations show suggested method outperforms existing similar authentication methods with respect to of safety and usefulness, as well as communications and computing costs. Furthermore, the proposed protocol is suitable for usage in the vast majority of IoT and WSN applications Stresczenie. Rosn ą ca integracja


The superconducting RF separator is used for the separation of kaons at the OKA experimental setup at IHEP. The separator consists of two deflecting niobium cavities housed in the cryostats. Their cooling is provided by one large commercial helium refrigerator and two custom heat exchangers, located near cavities. The cryogenic complex for the separator provides liquid superfluid helium with the temperature of 1.8K as well as liquid nitrogen. The paper describes the arcvhitecture and the LabVIEW based software of the control system.


Purpose
This study aims to examine the role of information and communication technology (ICT)-based communication technologies to create a sustainable recovery strategy through Build Back Better practice in the existing policy framework of Bangladesh. Its purpose is to analyse the problems associated with the current recovery process of the country and how the ICT-based communication technology can improve the situation. Nevertheless, the aim also extends towards the limitation of the technology and the infrastructures and possible adjustments in this regard.

Design/methodology/approach
To achieve the aim, the study conducted an extensive literature review of numerous grey literature, policy papers and scientific/academic articles in an exploratory approach.

Findings
The result shows that the disaster recovery process of Bangladesh is slow, and there are some mismanagements (the lengthy risk assessment using ancient data generation processes, lack of accessibility and report-based data product) which was a cause behind the massive destruction done by recent cyclones. The ICT-based methods (proper database, many to many communications, GIS) can make this response faster, transparent and easy to access.

Research limitations/implications
The research results may lack generalizability due to the research approach of the study. Thus, researchers are encouraged to test the proposed propositions further.

Practical implications
The study includes some possible adjustments to the argument for the existing policy infrastructure and scope of communication technology to bridge the theory and practice.

Social implications
The study also includes some suggestions to engage society in disaster recovery processes.

Originality/value
This paper urges to study the implication of technology in terms of disaster recovery on a broad scale.


Geometric rnorphometrics was used to investigate the Ethiopian Myomys - Steno- cephalemys complex, and to suggest possible explanations for differences in siLe and shape. The four species of the complex (M. ulbipes, M. ruppi. S. griseicauda, S. alboc-uudatci) and a Kenyan species, M. fumatus, were studied using Procrustes analysis of three dimensional landmarks collected over the skull. All these species occur in vcry different habitats, from forests at 1000 m up to the Afro Alpine moorlands above 4000 m. Thcre is a substantial contradiction between phylogenetic relationships based on chromosomal rearrangements and allozymes (two distinct lineages corresponding to the two genera), and mtDNA (Steaocephalemys being paraphyletic). Geometric morphometrics supports the former hypothesis. Partial Least-Squares analysis shows a significant relation between variation in size and shape and altitude, which strongly suggests that adaptation is a major causal factor for di- vergence in the morphology of the skull. Size increases with altitude, paralleling a clinal change in shape, which involves stenocephaly as characterising thc highland species. This shape modification allows the rodents to scan the sky efficiently for birds, which represent the main category of preda- tors in the Afro Alpine moorlands.


Photostructural changes in a hybrid photonic crystal fiber with chalcogenide nanofilms inside the inner surface of the cladding holes are experimentally demonstrated. The deposition of the amorphous chalcogenide glass films inside the silica capillaries of the fiber was made by infiltrating the nanocolloidal solution-based As25S75, while the photoinduced changes were performed by side illuminating the fiber near the bandgap edge of the formed glass nanofilms. The photoinduced effect of the chalcogenide glass directly red-shifts the transmission bandgap position of the fiber as high as ∼20.6 nm at around 1600 nm wavelength, while the maximum bandgap intensity change at ∼1270 nm was −3 dB.


A concept "Straight-Arm Capture" and a method of configuration planning are proposed,which are based on the momentum conservation of space manipulator.The configuration by using the proposed method can reduce the coupling momentum,joint angular velocity and the burden of compound control,then avoids the limit of joint velocity and torque when control the compound.Finally the simulation results show that the effectiveness of the method.


The Motor Carrier Act of 1980 and the Staggers Act of 1980 deregulated both the motor carrier industry and the railroad industry, respectively. The simultaneous deregulation of these industries led to shifts in intermodal freight transportation. This chapter explores the effects of intermodal transportation shifts on the safety of freight transportation.


To increase the reliability of the results of processing the data of automated monitoring of the dynamics of time series in the agricultural field of activity, it is necessary to assess the probability distribution of the data flow. It is shown that, if the distribution deviates from the normal one, adaptive and robust procedures for identifying and correcting random outliers should be applied.


In view of the problem in the design of the present new-style star wheel loading mechanism, this article has confirmed the relationship between rotating speed and parameters of star wheel structure and the lowest rotating speed of it under the circumstance of unjamming according to the movement characteristics of the star wheel loading mechanism and the operating performance of the road-header as well as the mechanics analysis of the star wheel loading mechanism. This article has also worked out the critical rotating speed of the star wheel according to examples so that it provides the theoretical basis for the research and design of the star wheel loading mechanism.


This paper mainly explores the relationship between cohesion and coherence from three aspects: 1.Halliday and Hasan's theory on cohesion and coherence;2.the counterviews of some scholars;3.the refutation to the examples set by Widdowson and Enkvisk.It concludes that the theory of professor Zhang Delu and professor Liu Rushan on cohesion and coherence is more reasonable.And in the forth part,this paper discusses the influence of their relationship on foreign language teaching.


Abstract Various statistical models have been proposed over the last decade for spatially correlated Gaussian outcomes.The spatial linear mixed model (SLMM), which incorporates a spatial effect as a random component to thelinear model, is the one of the most widely used approaches in various application contexts. Employinglink functions, SLMM can be naturally extended to spatial generalized linear mixed model for non-Gaussianoutcomes (SGLMM). We review popular SGLMMs on non-Gaussian spatial outcomes and demonstrate theirapplications with available public data.Keywords: Non-Gaussian data, spatial generalized linear mixed model. 1. 개요 관측값간의공간적 의존관계를 고려한 회귀분석은다양한 분야에서응용되고 있는데, n 사이트 s i , i =1 ;:::;n 에서관측된연속형 관측값 Y ( s i )에 대해서랜덤효과(random effect) {Z ( s i ) } 을모형에 포함하여 다음과 같이선형 혼합모형으로 모형화하는 것이일반적이다: Y ( s i ) = W Ti + Z ( s i ) + " i ; " iiid ∼ N (0 ;˝ 2 ) ; (1.1)여기서 W i 는 Y ( s i )의공변량(Covariate)이며 는 공변량에 대응되는 회귀계수이다. {Z ( s i ) } 를 모형화하는 데에 있어서Gaussian Field(GF) 모형을가정하는 것이일반적인데 이럴 경우에


Though explaining the definition of policing management for police colleges and universities,the policing management mode is thought necessary for the development of police colleges and universities.Then Concrete measures of policing management is put forward,in order to improve and perfect the management institutions of police colleges and universities,and encourage the management of students individuation.


340 Background: Markers of systemic inflammatory response including C-reactive protein (CRP) are associated with the prognosis of various malignancies including HCC. We investigated the significance of the serum CRP level as a prognostic factor in patients with advanced HCC on sorafenib therapy. Methods: The MSKCC institutional database was retrospectively queried for patients diagnosed with advanced HCC who received sorafenib therapy from 2002-2012 and had available serum CRP measurements. Patient demographics and outcomes were extracted under an IRB-approved waiver. Baseline CRP levels within 30 days of starting of sorafenib and while on sorafenib treatment were correlated with clinical outcomes. CRP levels after the initiation of sorafenib were analyzed as a time dependent covariate in a Cox regression model. Results: 51 patients had available CRP levels and received sorafenib: Median age 65 years (range 45-82); KPS 80 (70-90%); 9 females (17.6%); 32 AJCC stage IV disease (62.7%); 10 AJCC stage III (19...


Polymeric nanoparticles can be manufactured by intramolecular cross-linking of benzocyclobutene (BCB)/styrene copolymers. We study this process by extensive molecular dynamics simulations of both atomistic and coarse-grained models. It is found that the rate of intramolecular cross-linking is close to quadratic in the number of unlinked cross-linkers, namely BCB monomeric units, while the completeness of the reaction is affected by the steric hindrance of the cross-linked polymer. An equation incorporating both of these processes yields a good agreement with simulation data. A rigidity effect is identified when the cross-linkers account for more than about 60% of a precursor BCB/styrene copolymer. Above this threshold, the radii of gyration of intramolecularly cross-linked BCB/styrene copolymers show little dependence on their cross-linker concentrations, and a relatively large number of BCB monomeric units are left unreacted in each polymer. In addition, a temperature series study is performed on the int...


inside the coastline of ice and bedrock. In our recent study (Artemieva and Thybo, 2020) we reconsider the conventional extent of this continent and demonstrate that 1/3 of Antarctica is not a continent. Here we present a brief summary of our results. Most of the Antarctica continent is covered by a 0.5–3.0 km thick ice sheet, and the only direct information on its geology and geodynamic evolution comes from tiny outcrops of bedrock exposed mostly along the edge of the ice sheet and in the Trans-Antarctic Mountains that separate tectonically stable cratonic East Antarctica from a much younger West Antarctica. Based on existing geophysical data, East Antarctica shows all characteristics of a normal cratonic lithosphere, with a 38–55 km thick crust, fast seismic velocities in the upper mantle, and thicker than 150–250 km lithosphere (Baranov and Morelli, 2013; Hansen et al., 2014; An et al., 2015). Sparse geochemical data indicate Archean-Proterozoic ages for basement outcrops along the edges of the ice sheet in EA. The only Precambrian (Grenvillian age) rocks known in West Antarctica are in the Ellsworth-Whitmore mountains (Tingey, 1991). This basement high separates two large and broad depressions in equivalent topography, the Ross and the Ronne Ice Shelves. The Ross Ice Shelf with a size of ca 2000 km × 1000 km is one of the world's largest crustal extension areas and continues into West Antarctica. Historically West Antarctica is interpreted as the West Antarctica Rift System (WARS) (Behrendt, 1999), and until present it is referred as WARS in all regional publications. The proposed tectonic analogues include the North Sea Rift, the Newfoundland-Iberia passive margin, the East African Rift, and the Basin and Range Province in western USA (LeMasurier, 2008). All of these analogues assume continental rifting as a major tectonic process, with localized deformation of continental lithosphere due to either deep thermal anomalies or far-field tectonic stresses. However, West Antarctica does not have linear zones of extension as in continental rifts and does not have broad areas of homogeneous extension as in the Basin and Range Province. Instead, West Antarctica represents a huge extensional area with series of basins with an extremely deep equivalent topography. Equivalent topography is used in iceand water-covered areas, and it is topography calculated by compressing ice and water masses to density of near-surface rocks, 2.67 g/cc here. Topography is controlled by lithosphere buoyancy and dynamic component from intra-lithospheric stresses and sublithospheric dynamic processes. In continental lithosphere it ranges from high elevations in young mountain belts, to 300–500 m elevation in the cratons, and to 0 to −200 m of equivalent topography in extended lithosphere of continental shelves. Here we interpret an unusually deep equivalent topography (−580 ± 335 m on average and down to −1.6 km) in West Antarctica as backarc basin system, flanked by a volcanic arc. Such deep bathymetry is not observed on submerged continental lithosphere (e.g., shelves do not extend deeper than −200 m in equivalent hypsometry), but it is common in other back-arc basins. This first order observation questions the conventional interpretation of West Antarctica as continental. Geophysical observations in support of our interpretation We report a set of geophysical observations in support of our geodynamic interpretation. This includes: (a) A linear belt of seismicity sub-parallel to the volcanic arc along the Pacific Arctic margin of West Antarctica, (b) The presence of a volcanic arc along the West Antarctica margin, (c) A pattern of free air gravity anomalies typical of subduction systems, (d) Extremely thin crystalline crust typical of back-arc basins. Geochemical observations show that subduction was active along the whole western coast of West Antarctica until the mid-Cretaceous after which it gradually ceased towards the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula. We propose that the entire West Antarctica formed as a back-arc basin system flanked by a volcanic arc, similar to e.g. the Japan Sea (Fig. 1), instead of a continental rift system as conventionally interpreted. (a) We recognize a linear belt of shallow magnitude 4.2 1/3 of Antarctica is Not a Continent: Geophysical Evidence for West Antarctica as a Backarc System


Increasing importance is being placed on the role of drug solubilisation in the drug development pipeline. In order for drugs to successfully pass through the pre-clinical studies required before clinical trials they often require addition of excipients or solubility modifying agents. This study highlights the use of sulfonated calix(4) resorcinarenes as drug solubilising agents. The rigid nature of these compounds form cone-like structures with hydrophobic interiors which are capable of accommodation of hydrophobic entities such as drugs. The calix (4)resorcinarenes in this work have varied length of alkyl chains attached to their lower rim. This work investigated the effect of chain length (C = 4 (SC(4)RC4), C = 7 (SC(4)RC7)) on the degree of solubilisation of two model hydrophobic drugs: propofol and griseofulvin. The data showed that the compounds were capable of solubilising both drugs up to 8 mgmL-1 (SC(4) RC7-propofol) and 3 mgmL-1 (SC(4)RC4-griseofulvin). The size measurements carried out using photon correlation spectroscopy indicated that the SC(4)RC4 was likely to form 1:1 interactions with drug molecules whilst the SC(4)RC7 formed supramolecular structures capable of increased drug loading in the case of propofol. In the case of griseofulvin it is postulated that similar structures were formed however these exceeded the limit of the filter used and may have been lost. Additionally, the supramolecular structures appeared more stable with a reduction in drug release. In vitro testing on BxPC-3 cells indicated that the calix(4)resorcinarenes were relatively non-toxic. These studies highlight the potential of these systems in drug delivery.


Three new series of N-alkyl-substituted ester imide derivatives, which differ in the polarity of their mesogenic groups; specifically, either cholesteryl, 4′-undecyloxybiphenyl or 4′-cyanobiphenyl, have been synthesized. For the N-alkyl-[4-(cholesteryloxycarbonyl)]phthalimides the chiral nematic N* phase and the monolayer SmA1 phase have been observed up to the dodecyl homologue. The pentadecyl and octadecyl members of this series show only the SmA1 phase. The monolayer smectic A1 phase was also observed for all members of the N-alkyl-4-[(4′-undecyloxybiphenyl-4-yl)oxycarbonyl]phthalimide series while the longer homologues (with n>5) exhibited SmA–SmC dimorphism. In the case of the N-alkyl-4-[(4′-cyanobiphenyl-4-yl)oxycarbonyl]phthalimides, the short homologues exhibited only a nematic phase, while for the butyl homologue in addition to the nematic phase the bilayered SmA2 phase was observed. The smectic phase vanished for the pentyl and hexyl members but reappeared as a partially bilayered smectic Ad phase for the longer homologues.


The study examines the relationship between capital flow, return of stock indices and exchange rate. This paper documents a significant relationship between capital flow and market volatility but returns of stock exchange and exchange rate are found to be insignificant. The study will be helpful for the policy makers so that they will be able to take the decision by considering the impact of capital flow. Because of the modern technology capital mobility financial and economic agent because it signify a measure increase with an accelerating role. Risk assessment of risk exposure in their investment. The capital flow plays analysis for the stock market after liberalization has an important role in this regard. Unstable stock market is assumed more importance in the world. Usefulness of an important concern for policy makers because instability efficient stock markets in dynamic resource is well known. of the stock market creates uncertainty and affects the Karachi Stock Exchange once again started moving in growth success. upward direction and performance of the economy of The purpose of the paper is to investigate with the Pakistan has increased. Investigating the behavior of aim of either the capital flow from the other countries volatility using a new set of variables is important. carries volatility with them or not. This study will be Stock market volatility is of vital important for helpful to investigate that volatility shocks from the other investors. Stock return usually follows the random countries will affect Karachi stock exchange and Colombo path and touches the maximum and minimum level. stock exchange. The volatility of stock price can be observed from its The second important purpose is to study with the fluctuation from the mean. Why we Study volatility in aim of either the shocks in the capital flow will affect the stock market and capital flows? volatility in the exchange rate or not. In latest years The capital flow may have different effects on volatility in equity market have turn out to be a topic of exchange rate and stock market volatility. joint worry for individual stake holders. Stock return Large capital inflows can damage the economy in volatility cause delay in economic performance during many ways. Capital flow raise asset bubbles and customer spending. Stock Return instability might too promote too much borrowing, but they also spoil the have an effect on trade asset expenses. Additional, the competitiveness of the export sector, they can also cause intense instability might upset the silky performance of a rapid increase in rates of exchange. Open account debit the monetary system and show the way to structural or of a country will build it yet further at threat to a quick method differences. setback of funds. On the other side, if central banks The stock market in Pakistan has had its fair interfere to seize down their currencies, the increase of contribute to trouble due to extreme speculation resulting funds can go in front to extremely loose financial in excessive volatility. Certainly, in the early 1990's the circumstances and getting higher inflation. confidence of investors to some extent has been eroded Stock market volatility prediction is imperative to


Intravenous topotecan is approved for the treatment of ovarian cancer (OC). In intraperitoneal (i.p.) topotecan studies, 20 mg/m2 dosing was tolerable. This study evaluated the feasibility, safety, and preliminary efficacy of i.p. topotecan as consolidation chemotherapy in patients with OC or primary peritoneal cancers (PPCs).


The only guidelines in the United States for the design of columns with interlocking spirals are the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) Bridge Design Specifications and Seismic Design Criteria. Due to the limited research on interlocking spirals, these design provisions were based mainly on research on single spirals. Although previous studies have shown that columns with interlocking spirals have a satisfactory behavior, but none used dynamic testing or addressed the Caltrans upper limit on horizontal spacing between centers of the spirals in detail. In the current study, 6 large-scale column models were designed and tested on a shake table to investigate the effects of the shear level, spiral distance, and cross-ties. The observed damage progression, load-displacement responses, reinforcement strains, and the apparent plastic hinge lengths were examined to evaluate the response. The results showed that although the Caltrans upper spiral distance limit of 1.5 times the spiral radius is satisfactory, supplementary cross-ties are needed to prevent premature vertical shear cracking and strength degradation in columns with relatively high shear. Results also indicated that the plastic hinge length to match the measured plastic lateral displacement increased as the distance of the spiral sets increased.


Robots have different applications in many fields especially in manufacturing industry. Robots can be considered an important part of manufacturing industries due to the valuable advantages and different applications they offer. However, they also have negative impacts on workers who might be replaced with robots to their jobs, so these workers will be jobless. This paper is discussing the advantages of robots in manufacturing industry and how using robots is important in developing countries. Also some real studies are illustrated in figures showing the robot applications in different countries which are Korea, Japan and Taiwan.


Language and cultural abilities are at the forefront of our ever-shrinking world. Foreign language learning is composed of several components, or the defined "four language skills", including grammatical competence, communicative competence, language proficiency, as well as a change in attitudes towards one's own or another culture. For scholars and laymen alike, cultural competence, i.e., the knowledge of the conventions, customs, beliefs, and systems of meaning of another country, is indisputably an integral part of foreign language learning, and many teachers have seen it as their goal to incorporate the teaching of culture into the foreign language curriculum. (Byram, Morgan et al., 1994: 4) One of the misconceptions that have permeated through foreign language teaching is the conviction that language is merely a code and, once mastered—mainly by dint of steeping oneself into grammatical rules and some aspects of the social context in which it is embedded—'one language is essentially (albeit not easily) translatable into another' (Kramsch, 1993: 1). Culture in language learning is not an expendable fifth skill "tacked on" to the teaching of speaking, listening, reading, and writing. It is always in the background, right from the beginning, ready to unsettle the good language learners when they expect it least, making evident the limitations of their hard-won communicative competence, challenging their ability to make sense of the world around them. (Kramsch, 1993: 1) It has so far become evident that the role of teaching culture in a foreign language setting/classroom has been a concern to teachers, curriculum designers and both scholars and publishers. Two main perspectives can be said to have been developing on the issue of teaching culture: transmission of the factual, cultural information, mainly consisting of statistical information, i.e. data about the target civilization, like literature, arts, habits, customs, history and everyday life. The other perspective is the embedded culture in an interpretive framework, which is drawing connections between one's culture and the target culture. The aim of this research is to show how culture is being integrated into the teaching curricula for students in elementary schools in Bitola, Republic of Macedonia. The students' books in question "Dream Team" serve as a point for research and an example where elements of culture, in this case pop culture, are being used for language learning. The finding will serve as a basis for improvement of the teaching curricula with the sole purpose of getting better results with students.


In the coming future, Software-defined networking (SDN) will become a technology more responsive, fully automated, and highly secure. SDN is a way to manage networks by separate the control plane from the forwarding plane, by using software to manage network functions through a centralized control point. A distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack is the most popular malicious attempt to disrupt normal traffic of a targeted server, service, or network. The problem of the paper is the DDoS attack inside the SDN environment and how could use SDN specifications through the advantage of Open vSwitch programmability feature to stop the attack. This paper presents DDoS attack detection and mitigation in the SDN data-plane by applying a written SDN application in python language, based on the malicious traffic abnormal behavior to reduce the interference with normal traffic. The evaluation results reveal detection and mitigation time between 100 to 150 sec. The work also sheds light on the programming relevance with the open daylight controller over an abstracted view of the network infrastructure.


This paper gives the criteria for choice of short marker sequences, using the survival probability and acquisition times as parameters for optimization. It shows that cross-bifix spectrum weights (integer values) can substitute Jones' minimal total of simulation probabilities criteria (real number values). An illustrative example shows a criteria for finding the optimal set of sequences for parallel transmission


The astronomical observation satellite and the astronomical telescope carried by the stratospheric balloon are evidently superior to ground observatories. Astronomical observation has demanding requirements for control of the carrier platform: first, extremely high direction accuracy, and even higher attitude stability; second, long duration continuous tracking observation due to weak signals from celestial targets. Thus highly-reliable and safety control will be required. To this end, this paper, taking the Solar Space Telescope (SST) satellite as an example, has first introduced the design method for its high-performance control system, including establishing the equation of motion and defining such input conditions as orbital characteristics, Mass inertia characteristics, whole satellite mode, and performance index requirements. In the aspect of basic design of pointing control system, the configuration of control components has been determined, and the basic structure of attitude determination, control law and filter established. In terms of the detailed design of the performance indices, influence of the component error has been analyzed, controller parameters selected under the premise of ensuring the stability margin. The error distribution has been made to the sensor and the actuator, the sampling period and the computer frequency determined and the angular momentum management strategy established. The simulation results show that the control scheme can meet the stringent control performance requirements. Furthermore, taking the balloon-borne astronomical telescope in the stratosphere as an example, the typical attitude control problems and fault tolerant control requirements have been expounded and the fault tolerant control based on layered and cooperative health monitoring proposed.


The photosynthesis of Gracilaria tikvahiae McLachlan, normally a subtidal plant, returned to initial levels within a day following single desiccations to 50% and repeated desiccations to at least 15%. In contrast, growth rates were decreased by even very mild desiccation.


The high yielding and regiospecific Wittig rearrangement takes place by virtue of the sterically demanding nature of potassium hydride/lithium amides.


Background: Submucous fibrosis with a high incidence rate in the Indian subcontinent is a devastating disease affecting the oral cavity and oropharynx. Aims and Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of injection placentrex and injection hydrocortisone in oral submucous fibrosis patients in increasing mouth opening, burning sensation, and improve the mucosal lining. Materials and Methods: We recruited 60 patients with Stage II and Stage III of the ailment, who were randomly divided into Group A and Group B. They were administered submucosal injections of hydrocortisone and placentrex along with physiotherapy and oral iron, nutrients, and B-carotene supplements over a period of 2 months. Interpretations and Results: The pinnacle rate of the incidence was found in the age group of 30 to 40 years among both the genders. Statistically significant difference (P = 0.0001), that is, 5.19 ± 1.33 in Group A and 11.69 ± 1.26 mm in Group B was noted in the mean mouth opening values. Statistically significant difference in burning sensation was noted to be better in Group A than in Group B. Discussion and Conclusion: Overall hydrocortisone seems to be a better regimen for improving the mucosal health and increasing the mouth opening as compared to placentrix regimen. Although Placentrex is better than hydrocortisone in reducing burning sensation.


Abstract This article reflects on comics studies' tendency for self-apology and a latent inferiority complex. It offers a survey of contemporary comics criticism and textbooks as well as a critique of a tendency towards an assimilation of comics studies by literary studies. It highlights the ways in which interdisciplinary approaches and a critical engagement with the foundational texts of comics studies, as well as recent scholarly endeavors to provide a theoretical grounding to comics studies apart from literary studies, can help the discipline. In particular, it advances the hope that comics can come to be recognized as an image-based medium with a need for its own critical vocabulary


Purpose: Human multiple myeloma (MM) remains an incurable disease despite improved treatments that include bortezomib- and lenalidomide-based therapies and high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell rescue. New therapeutic targets are needed to further improve treatment outcomes. Our purpose was to investigate small-molecule inhibitors of the nuclear export receptor CRM1 and whether these inhibitors sensitized drug-resistant MM to topoisomerase IIα (topo IIα) inhibitors. Experimental Procedures: In previous studies, we have shown that MM cells possess intrinsic drug resistance to topo II inhibitors due to a CRM1-mediated export of topo IIα in high cell density microenvironments such as found in the diseased bone marrow. Blocking nuclear export of topo IIα with CRM1 inhibitors may sensitize MM cells to topo II poisons. In this study, we investigated novel, small molecule ( Results: CRM1 inhibitors were used in combination with the topo IIα drug doxorubicin to overcome intrinsic drug resistance in MM cells. We found that the CRM1 inhibitors blocked nuclear export of both p53 and topo IIα as shown by nuclear/cytoplasmic fractionation and also by immunocytochemical staining. Using the CellTiter-Blue assay, we found that the lead CRM1 inhibitor tested had low IC50 values (∼140 nM) as single agent and functioned synergistically with doxorubicin (combination index 0.071). This synergistic effect was less pronounced in myeloma cells when CRM1 inhibitors were used in combination with melphalan, bortezomib, dexamethasone, or lenalidomide (combination index > 0.65). CRM1-doxorubicin combination therapy also induced apoptosis in MM cell cultures, as shown by caspase 3 cleavage and flow cytometric analyses. Conclusions: We found that specific, small-molecule CRM1 inhibitors sensitize MM cells to doxorubicin as shown by apoptosis and cell viability assays. Sensitization was found to be synergistic. In addition, CRM1 inhibiting activity was verified by nuclear/cytoplasmic fractionation and immunocytochemical staining in MM cells. These compounds may be potential candidates for future clinical trials. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2011 Nov 12-16; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2011;10(11 Suppl):Abstract nr B176.


In deuterium-tritium fusion reactors currently under design, the production of tritium is accomplished by utilizing a lithium-bearing blanket. Lithium metal is presently the leading candidate for the blanket material, although molten Li$sub 2$BeF$sub 4$, solid Li--Al (50-50 at. percent) alloy and other lithium-containing materials are distinct possibilities. This paper summarizes progress of ongoing studies of the thermodynamics of some of these lithium containing systems. The individual solubilities of hydrogen, deuterium, and tritium in lithium as a function of temperature (700 to 1000$sup 0$C) and pressure are presented. Recent work with the solid alloy Li--Al (50-50 at. percent) has shown that the tritium solubility between 400 and 600$sup 0$C is low. When the tritium pressure was between 0.14 and 0.52 torr, the Li--Al samples contained only 1 to 4 ppm tritium. (auth)


Los Alamos National Laboratory has begun a project to simulate the formation and collapse of underground cavities produced by nuclear explosions using chemical explosions at much smaller scale on a large geotechnical centrifuge. Use of a centrifuge for this project presents instrumentation challenges which are not encountered in tests at similar scale off of the centrifuge. Electromagnetic velocity measuring methods which have been very successfully applied to such models at 1 g would be very difficult, if not impossible, to implement at 100 g. We are investigating the feasibility of other techniques for monitoring the ground shock in small-scale tests including accelerometers, stress gauges, dynamic strain meters and small, mutual-inductance particle velocity gauges. Initial results indicate that some of these techniques can be adapted for centrifuge applications. 17 references, 4 figures.


This thesis describes a novel "microplasma" source that is suitable for microreactor applications. The high-pressure "microplasma" is a direct current microdischarge, formed between two metal electrodes: a cathode with a pin-hole (diameter~100 [mu]m) and an anode of unspecified shape. Strong radial electric fields are produced in the microhollow cathode geometry, causing electrons to oscillate (Pendel effect). As a result of enhanced ionization processes, it is possible to produce a stable high-intensity discharge at pressures of 1 atmosphere or higher. We have utilized these microdischarges for several applications including pattern transfer, diamond deposition, excimer emission, and nanoparticle synthesis.

Maskless etching of structures for MEMS and microfluidic applications is achieved by forming microplasmas in complex patterns within a stencil mask in contact with the surface to be patterned. In one application, CF4/Ar microdischarges are formed inside planar copper-polyimide stencil masks that permit direct etching of silicon wafers. To deposit films, microdischarges are formed inside metal capillaries that accommodate flow. A plasma microjet is created and directed towards a heated substrate that enables deposition of polycrystalline diamond films over small spatial scales. Simultaneous operation of multiple micodischarges could form the basis of a combinatorial tool for rapid materials development.

Microdischarges in capillary tubes can serve as sources of intense UV radiation. Excimer emission in argon (Ar2 * ) at 128 nm has been studied by vacuum UV spectroscopy. A method to increase the on-axis excimer radiation is demonstrated by adding discharges in a linear array. Building of emitting volume shows potential for intensifying excimer emission.

The properties of microdischarges are especially conducive to applications as short-residence time reactors. For example, microdischarges are attractive for nanoparticle synthesis since the residence time of particle nucleation can be limited in the reactor to time scales on the order of milliseconds. This methodology has been used to produce silicon particles with mean sizes of 1-5 nm and narrow size distributions. The silicon nanoparticles exhibit blue photoluminescence at room temperature suggesting quantum confinement. The pristine nature of the nanoparticles enables fundamental studies of surface functionalization.


One of the growing fields of interest in cellular communications is Machine-Type Communications (MTC). MTC traffic can be characterized in many applications by very low bit rates while requiring a high degree of coverage and reliability. Studies on how to increase coverage and reduce device costs have been extensively performed in DFT-s-OFDM due to its lower peak-to-average power ratio. Among the drawbacks of using DFT-s-OFDM for MTC are the Carrier Frequency Offset (CFO) requirements (thus precluding the use of low-cost local oscillators) and poor performance when coverage is limited (thus precluding devices with low transmission power). A common approach for coverage enhancements is to reduce the signal bandwidth in order to increase the power spectral density, but this does not alleviate the frequency offset requirements. This paper proposes an alternative transmission scheme that increases coverage and supports larger frequency offsets compared to classical bandwidth reduction schemes in DFT-s-OFDM. Link-level simulations demonstrate the superiority of the proposed technique in terms of coverage and resilience against large frequency offsets, and put into question the traditional approach of reducing bandwidth for coverage improvements in OFDM systems.


In today's world, there are a number of cryptographic and steganography techniques used in order to have secured data transfer between a sender and a receiver. In this paper a new hybrid approach that integrates the merits of cryptography and audio steganography is presented. First, the original message is encrypted using chaotic neural network and the resultant cipher text is embedded into a cover audio using Double Density Discrete Wavelet Transform (DD DWT). The resultant stego audio is transmitted to the receiver and the reverse process is done in order to get back the original plain text. The proposed method presents a Steganography scheme along with the cryptography scheme which enhances the security of the algorithm.


Air pollution in Surabaya is the greatest and urgent issue to be solved. East Surabaya has the largest CO 2 emissions from housing activity compared to other Surabaya regions. One of the ways to naturally absorb CO 2 is to provide adequate green open space. Public green open spaces in East Surabaya amounted to only 2.37% of the total land area. The objectives of this study is to know the availability of Green open spaces and factors influencing it's availability in East Surabaya, compare to area of formal housing and kampung. Descriptive analysis is used to explain the availability of Green open space. Content analysis is used in this research to find the factors influence availability of green open spaces. The result shows that East Surabaya has 644.42 ha green open space or only 7.14%. The result also shows that factors influence the availability of green open spaces in East Surabaya are different between formal housing and kampung. Some factors related to the policy and social aspects that influence the availability of green open space in both East Surabaya kampung and formal housing. Those factors are: the allocation of green open space in spatial planning; forestation program; basic green coefficient; incentives and disincentives; supervision and control of landuse; community participation; the influence of community leaders; public awareness; communities; reward in forestation programs; facilitators; and the diversity of greening innovation. Meanwhile, some factors such as the limited land, the housing density, the changes in land use, and the limited fund has only influence in kampung. Factors of coordination between government agencies and developers and also the concept offered by developers have only influence in formal housing.


Personal reflections provide snapshots on Patricia Mason's journey from third grade to higher education and highlight family, teacher, and school influence on her academic growth. Integrated Catholic school and community experiences shaped the cultural and social dimension of her present teaching philosophy. Recollections of childhood school experiences in addition a continuum of her teaching experiences inform her current teaching practice in higher education in suburban New York.


This paper provides an overview of work on statistical formulations and analyses associated with the problem of identifying persons on the basis of spectral energy representations of acoustical utterances. The investigation has been largely empirical and the paper focuses on the statistical techniques and strategies that have been developed in the context of analyzing two sizeable bodies of data. The problems and procedures to be discussed include: (i) data condensation and representation; (ii) efficient and practical criteria for classification and discrimination; and (iii) strategies for automatic identification of talkers in relatively large populations.


50 Background: In emerging markets, a routine mammogram is not feasible due to cost, accessibility and lack of skilled technicians. It is also not effective in women with dense breasts. We explore an alternative modality based on Artificial Intelligence over thermal images for early detection of breast cancer. Infrared imaging is a non-contact, radiation-free technique that detects breast abnormalities based on thermal changes in the body seen due to increased vascularity and metabolic activity of the tumour. Thermography is only approved as an adjunct modality by US FDA, as manual interpretation of thermal images is error prone and subjective. We have developed an AI- based software (called Thermalytix) for automatic analysis of Thermal images using machine learning to extract and analyse abnormal patterns based on thermal distribution, asymmetry and vascular structure; to identify malignancy in symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects. Methods: We compare performance of Thermalytix with Mammography on a total of 769 subjects who walked into 3 sites for mammography screening. Subjects were sent for NIRAMAI screening prior to other tests (mammography or sonomammography). Pregnant women, lactating mothers and cancer survivors were excluded from the study. 534 subjects had either lump or nipple discharge as a symptom and 235 subjects did not have any symptoms. Mammography was conducted on 407 subjects and rest went through sonomammography as per the discretion of radiologist. Results: Sensitivity of Thermalytix was 92% in symptomatic women with a specificity of 71.9%; while 100% sensitivity and 92.9% specificity was found in women without any symptoms. Mammography, on the other hand, presented 91% sensitivity and 70.7% specificity in symptomatic women. In asymptomatic women, mammography however showed 67% sensitivity and 98.9% specificity. Conclusions: Thermalytix was found to be a promising screening and diagnostic tool while mammography worked better as a diagnostic tool. [Table: see text]