Rhodotorula species are imperfect basidiomycetous yeasts belonging to the family Cryptococcaceae and are widespread throughout nature.1 In many clinical situations Rhodotorula spp are considered a contaminant, but when identified in normally sterile sources such as blood, cerebrospinal fluid and vitreous the cultures are significant for mycotic infection.1 Human disease is extremely rare with Rhodotorula spp but opportunistic cases of endocarditis, septicaemia, meningitis, ventriculitis, and peritonitis are reported in the literature.2 Ocular infections include chronic dacryocystitis,3 keratitis,4 chronic postoperative endophthalmitis,5 and corneal lamellar graft infection.6 It is becoming increasingly important to clinically recognise and consider such opportunistic organisms as an increasing number of patients are immunocompromised by either iatrogenic or disease related causes. Immunocompromised status, indwelling catheters, recent surgery of trauma, and injecting drug use appear to be the major factors leading …


Orofacial pain includes pain associated with the hard and soft tissues of the head, face, neck, and all of the intraoral structures. Upon painful episodes, consuming analgesics, or traditional medicine are relatively common. It is also a common sense that high cholesterol and hypertension may contribute to the pain. Since most pain sufferers are women, estrogen is proposed to be a modulator of pain perception. Nevertheless, the mechanism of pain modulation in women is still in controversy. Systemic manifestations of periodontal disease are widely accepted. However, the role of periodontal disease as an etiology of orofacial and musculoskeletal pain is rarely discussed. Recent study in medical psychoneuroimmunology may reveal the possibility of periodontal disease as an etiology of these painful symptoms. The objective of this study is to reveal the possibility of periodontal disease as an etiology of orofacial and musculoskeletal pain, resulting in the disappearing of the symptoms. Regarding to the amazing results, the conclusion is that especially in women, periodontal disease cause orofacial and muscoskeletal pain especially in women.


From earlier work, there appears to be an underlying one-to-one correspondence of polytene chromosome bands and complementation groups within a sizeable, continuous X-chromosome segment, 3A1-3C7 ( JUDD, SHEN and KAUFMAN 1972; LEFEVRE and GREEN 1972). However, most of the data supporting this one-to-one relation of bands and genes were gathered from mutants that upset vital functional units, thus leading to lethality. Among this series of mutants, only four loci, zeste, white, roughest and verticals, have no known lethal alleles. If phenotypic changes less drastic than lethality result from the loss of other chromosomal segments, they probably would not have been recognized in the earlier studies.-We report here some chromosomal sequences localized in 3A, 3B, and 3C whose loss effects no lethal change in the development of the animal. A portion of the 3A3-3A4 region can be disrupted in a nonlethal fashion, yet this sequence does not seem to be a part of either the zeste locus or l(Z)zwZ, which are known to be located in these bands. Two more complementation groups have been discovered that have no lethal alleles and map to 3B4-3B6; a third falls within 3B1-2. The loss of a sequence in 3C2-3 is tolerated without any genetically observable effect. Between 3C7 and the boundary of 3D there is at least one more sequence that behaves in this manner.-The discovery of these units, which are not allelic to any of the loci previously known, makes it clear that division 3B contains more genes (i.e., complementation groups) than polytene chromosome bands, while portions of 3A and 3C seem to have no functional significance. Accordingly many polytene chromosome bands may be composites of several complementing functional units. This investigation also indicates that there are chromosomal segments that are seemingly dispensible and thus function in a manner that is difficult 01' impossible to define with available methods. CENTRAL, to the understanding of gene regulation in higher organisms are questions relating to the nature of the complementation unit, gene size and numbers, and the organization of genes into regions of chromosomes. One of the most productive approaches to these questions has been through the cytogenetic manipulations of the chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster. The polytene chromosomes of the larval salivary glands present banding patterns unique for each chromosome region, thus facilitating the cytogenetic correlation of genes Present address: The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10021. Genetics 88: 723-742 April, 1978. 724 M. W. YOUNG A N D B. H. J U D D with chromosome segments. PAINTER (1934) and MULLER and PROKOFYEVA (1935) realized this and inferred from the genetic attributes of a series of chromosomal rearrangements that one or a few genes, or complementation groups, are associated with each chromosome band. Bridges, by 1935, had counted 3,600 bands for the entire set of salivary gland chromosomes, so that by counting the bands it could be argued that Drosophila had 3,600 genes. More bands have been added to Bridges' original maps. but a revised estimate would be only a little over 5,000 (C. B. BRIDGES 1935,1938; P. N. BRIDGES 1942). More comprehensive experiments have led to estimates of gene number that also correlate well with band counts. MULLER and ALTENBURG (1919) (later clarified by MULLER 1926) supposed that the genetic content of the X chromosome could be quantified by observing the mutation frequency at relatively few loci. The total number of mutational events that could occur without disrupting, for a second or third time, a locus that was already recognized, should be related to the total number of mutable loci. As a result, MULLER and his colleague calculated that at least five hundred genes could be found on the X chromosome. An extension of this argument to later experiments led ALIKHANIAN (1937) to the conclusion that about 968 genes would eventually be found on the X chromosome, or roughly 5,000 genes per haploid chromosome complement. Mutation rate per genome, when divided by mutation rate per gene, should also give an indication of the total number of genes in the organism. MUKAI (1964) and MUKAI et al. (1972) on this basis calculated that there are 5,000 to 10,000 genes in Drosophila, which agrees with the estimates of MULLER and ALIKHANIAN. The most convincing data supporting this gene number are those that have come from cytogenetic analyses of Drosophila chromosomes. Once it is agreed that a mutant representative of each functional unit within a chosen chromosome interval has been identified, the number of genes in much larger segments or even the entire genome can be calculated inductively (JUDD, SHEN and KAUFMAN 1972; HOCHMAN 1973; LEFEVRE 1973; LIFSCHYTZ and FALK 1968, 1969). Again, the number of genes in Drosophila appears to be within the range of 5,000 to 10,000, but now the data are refined enough to point out the relation of newly identified complementation groups and the structure of individual polytene chromosome bands. The haploid genome of D. melanogaster contains 0.14 picograms of DNA, which should be enough for more than 100.000 structural genes if the average gene size is about 1,000 base pairs. Ninety-five percent of the DNA of polytene chromosomes is organized into bands. This means that a band of average size contains 25,000 to 30,000 base pairs per chromatid, yet the most reliable tests available indicate that each band contains only one function. There are, however, important limitations to all of the methods of estimating gene number reviewed above, and further difficulties in applying these estimates, if accurate, to models of gene and chromosome organization. Usually a gene is recognized only if its alteration results in lethality or patently aberrant morphological character; a significant number of mutations may be missed because they disrupt NONESSENTIAL SEQUENCES IN D. melanogaster 725 functions whose loss is not easily recognized or because they do not upset genes at all. The conclusion that any sample of mutants of the type usually isolated is sufficient to define completely the genetic content of a chromosome segment is valid only if every gene can mutate to an easily recognized form. The genetic unit that has been identified by complementation testing may be structurally limited, occupying only a small segment of the chromosome band, Much of the chromosome band, and by supposition, much of the entire genome, would remain functionally and genetically unknown if genes effecting obscure phenotypes were an integral part of these structures. The same would be true if DNA sequences having no genetically definable function contributed to the organization of eukaryotic chromosomes. As will be demonstrated, some chromosome bands do not appear to be functionally homogeneous, and the number of genes in some chromosome bands changes as the search for mutants becomes more intensive MATERIALS A N D METHODS The experimental design included: 1) The collection of mutants affecting nonessential sequences situated within the 3A-3C region of the X chromosome. Only a gene whose loss is fatal to its carrier (i.e., lethal) will be considered essential. 2) The genetic characterization of these mutants by complementation tests. 3) Resolution of the genetic and cytological position of each sequence. Ccllection of mutants in nonessential sequences A brief description of all mutants used in this study, aside from those described below, can be found in LINDSLEY and GRELL (1968). Each mutant listed in Table 1 affects a nonessential sequence in division 3A, 3B, o r 3C of the polytene X chromosome. Three mutants, perl, per*, pers, upset the normal circadian rhythm associated with eclosion (emergence of the adult fly from the pupa) and adult locomotor activity (KONOPKA and BENZER 1971). Translocation T(1;4jJC43 is a rhythm mutant allelic to per. One of the breakpoints in each of five chromosome rearrangements [ T ( l ; Y ) p 2 2 , T( I ;Y)140, T( I ;Y)107, T ( i ; Y j B 3 3 , and T(Z;2jRC45] is associated with no mutant phenotype, so that each signals a nonessential sequence. Three deficiencies [Df(1)64j4, Df(l)62d18, and Df(ljw-64dl and two duplications [ D p ( 1 ; 3 j ~ 4 9 ~ and D p ( l ; 4 ) ~ " ~ ~ g ] have genetic endpoints within a nonessential sequence. The remaining mutants ( j s (1 jY series) cause female sterility. These were recovered as follows: Males were treated with 0.025 M EMS (ethyl methanesulfonate) for twenty-four hours according to the method of LEWIS and BACHER (1968) and mated to females heterozygous for the X chromosome balancer FM7. F, females were mated individually to males carrying a 3A-C deficiency, Df(l)w'J ' /wu+.Y, and the F, females, each heterozygous for D f ( l j w " J 1 and a mutagenized X chromosome, were screened for sterility. The six sterility mutations were recovered from a total of 14,430 treated X chromosomes. Characterization and complementcrtion mapping Mutants were mated inter se to determine the complementation pattern of trans-configurational heterozygotes. The resulting complementation groups were roughly located by crossing a member of each group to a series of of duplications and deletions having breakpoints within the 3A-3C interval (Figure 1). When a general position was decided, each mutant was further tested for complementation with neighboring single-site lethal mutants. (Lethal point mutants and the duplications and deficiencies used in these tests are further described in JUDD, SHEN and KAUFMAN 1972 and KAUFMAN 1970). Translocation breakpoints were mapped genetically by


This paper presents the results of a study on the utilization of monolithic cov ers of local soils for municipal solid waste (MSW) fills in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil, by means of simulations with a numerical code using unsaturated soil parameters and local climate data. Two sites were studied - Campinas and Ilha Solteira - located in regions with high demand for MSW disposal sites. A lateritic clay and a lateritic clayey sand were selected due to their availability in the regions. Water retention curves for compacted specimens of the two soils were obtained by the filter paper method and fitted to the van Genuchten model, as required by the employed code, Visual Hydrus. The influence of compaction water content on cover performance was investigated by determining water retention curves at four compaction water contents for the late ritic clay and two compaction water contents for the lateritic clayey sand. Real precipitation and evaporation data for one year were used. Simulated monocover thickness were 1 m and 4 m. Results showed that, for both sites, 1-m-thick covers meet the requirement of maximum annual percolation rate of 30 mm/year, when the soil is compacted at the optimum or wet of optimum water content. There is, therefore, the possibility of using monocovers with performance comparable to prescriptive compacted soil covers f or the studied conditions.


Black Letter Law the basic principles of law embodied in the statutes and in the court records of a particular jurisdiction. Black Letter Law a display of the works of three artists held at the Law School of the University of Sydney from October 22 to November 11, 1997. This journal article is available in Law Text Culture: http://ro.uow.edu.au/ltc/vol4/iss1/17 Framing the Black Body


As the development of demand resource provision, resource demands of software is becoming one of the most important attributes of resource management. Measurement and estimation are widely used in fetching the demands.However, it is hard to measure the short job s resource demands by current measurement tools, and the regression methods suffer from the well-studied problem of multicollinearity. Therefore, the estimated results are not confident. In order to improve the estimation precision, we propose a Kalman filter based approach, which can predict the unobservable attribute by observable attributes, and filter the noise existing in the measurement. At last, we test our approach with a benchmark and compare the relative errors, which can demonstrate that with the reasonable parameters, our approach can get close to the real demands quickly, and get the estimated value with the mean error less than 8 %.


By analyzing the existing evaluation methods used to evaluate the regional scientific and technical capability,the paper proposes a new comprehensive evaluation method based on the analysis of individual advantage characteristic.The method obtains a group of weights in each examinee's favored point of view,and evaluates every examinee under the groups of weights in order to distinguish their individual advantage characteristic.On the basis,the method gathers all the evaluation results that are got from every examinee's point of view and implement democratic evaluation.Finally,the method was used to the regional scientific and technical capability evaluation of 31 provinces of China.The paper analyzes the individual advantage characteristic and order of every province,and obtains some conclusions.


Background: Lipomatous lesions of the orbit include pleomorphic lipoma (PL) and subconjunctival prolapsed fat (SPF). These lesions consist of mature fat and multinucleated giant cells with a floret-like pattern, which are CD34 +, S-100 -, and CD68 -. It has been reported that floret cells in SPF are an age related degenerative process. In this study we assess the presence of floret cells and dense collagen in orbital PL and SPF. Design: We identified 18 lipomatous orbital lesions from 1990 to 2008. 8 were clinically called "orbital mass" and diagnosed as lipoma, however upon further inquiry were confirmed to be SPF. 10 were diagnosed as PL based on clinical and morphological ground. All 18 cases were assessed for the presence of floret cells and collagen. CD34, S-100, and CD68 was performed on 17 of 18 cases (1 case of SPF was excluded in absence of floret cells). Results: In our study, both SPF and PL affected males more than females (14/18, 77%), non-whites more than whites (11/13, 84.6%), and mainly occurred over the age of 55 (14/18, 77%). The majority of lesions measured 1-2 cm (15/18, 83%). 7 of 8 SPF cases had infrequent floret cells (>15 in 2/7, 28.5%). 3 of 8 cases showed dense collagen. All floret cells stained for CD34. All 10 cases numerous floret cells (>15 floret cells in 6/10, 60%), that stained for CD34, and dense collagen was seen in 8 of 10 cases. The mature adipocytes stained for S-100, and CD68 stained histiocytes. Background: Endocrine mucin-producing sweat gland carcinoma (EMPSGC) is a rare, eccrine neoplasm with a predilection for the eyelid of elderly females. The frequent coexistence of EMPSGC with benign eccrine ducts as well as invasive carcinoma, suggests it is a part of a multistage progression from benign eccrine ducts to invasive carcinoma. This study explores two molecules, E-cadherin and ProEx C, which have been linked in tumor progression. E-cadherin, a transmembrane glycoprotein, has a critical role in calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion in epithelial tissues and is vital to the formation and maintenance of an epithelial monolayer. Loss or aberrant expression of E-cadherin has been associated with tumor invasion and metastatic potential in a variety of human cancers. Additionally, re-expression of E-cadherin in highly tumorigenic human cancer cell lines confers a less invasive phenotype. ProEx C is an antibody reagent that detects minichromosome maintenance (MCM) and topoisomerase II alpha (TOP2A) proteins, both of which play an important regulatory role in eukaryotic DNA replication and have been shown to be over-expressed in a number of different dysplastic and malignant tissues. Design: 3 cases of eccrine Design: Retinal pericytes were cultured from bovine retinas. These cultured cells were greater than 95% pure and only used from passages 3-6. Both palmitate and oleate were conjugated with bovine serum albumin at a 2:1 molar ratio. The cells were incubated in DMEM media with the indicated fatty acid and/or chemical agent for 24 hr and then tested for accumulation of ceramide mass, ER stress markers, NF-kappa B activity, and apoptosis (TUNEL and caspase assays). Results: We discovered that activation of the stress activated kinase, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), by the cell permeable AMPK activator AICAR (5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside) or use of a constitutively active AMPK can prevent retinal pericytes from undergoing palmitate-induced cell death. Though the exact mechanism of palmitate-induced apoptosis is not currently known, we found that it may be brought on by several processes that cause cell death in the context of diabetes. We found that 1) ceramide mass was increased dose dependently by palmitate; 2) ER stress was upregulated as witnessed by a 2-4-fold increase in the ER stress markers BiP and CHOP at both the mRNA and protein levels; 3) NF-kappaB activity was increased as measured by reporter gene assay; and 4) that inhibition of any one of these processes was sufficient to rescue the BRPC from palmitate-induced cell death. Conclusions: Activation of AMPK with AICAR was able to prevent all the processes studied herein, including apoptosis itself, therefore providing a potential therapeutic option for improving vascular homeostasis in diabetic retinopathy. Taiwan. Background: Eyelid sebaceous carcinoma is an ocular malignancy with possible life-threatening consequences. Some Asian reports suggest that the human papillomavirus (HPV) may play a role in the development of this malignancy by disrupting the function of p53 . Overexpression of p16 INK4a , which is also associated with the HPV's oncogenic mechanism, has also been reported in cases of eyelid sebaceous carcinoma. The authors wish to explore the molecular and epigenetic basis of HPV and the p16 INK4a status in the development of eyelid sebaceous carcinoma. Design: Twenty-four cases of eyelid sebaceous carcinoma were analysed for the expression of p16 INK4 via immunohistochemistry. Nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and genechip HPV typing were used to detect HPV infection and decide its genotype in our samples. The methylation status of p16 INK4a promoter region was studied by methylation-specific PCR. Results: HPV-positivity was demonstrated in only one of our cases, while another case was immunoreactive for p16 INK4 . P16 INK4a promoter hypermethylation was noted in nearly half of our cases (11/24) and was also associated with younger patient age ( p=0.013 ). Conclusions: Higher frequency of p16 INK4a promoter hypermethylation in eyelid sebaceous carcinoma may imply a significant epigenetic role in tumor development, more so than the presence of HPV. sphenoid subclassification of intracranial meningiomas intraorbital meningioma Background: Idiopathic orbital inflammation (IOI) (inflammatory pseudotumor) is a rare entity that consists of chronic inflammatory cells with myofibroblasts in variable proportions that results in a variety of ocular manifestations including decreased and even loss of vision. IOI is typically steroid responsive but some require surgery. Recurrence is common; however, specific histopathologic features predictive of recurrence have not yet been identified. IgG4+ plasma cells have been detected in IOI and in some pseudotumors in various other locations, and high serum levels of IgG4 are associated with systemic syndromes. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the prevalence of IgG4 positive plasma cells in IOI and to identify its clinical significance. Design: 25 cases diagnosed as IOI or orbital inflammatory pseudotumor from 1988 to 2008 comprising 16 patients were retrieved from departmental files. Sections were cut and stained with a mouse anti-human monoclonal antibody to IgG4. Normal human tonsils were used as positive control. If any cells with cytoplasmic/plasma membrane reactivity for IgG4 in10 high powered fields (HPF; 40X) were found, the specimen was considered positive for IgG4. Statistics were performed using a Fisher two tailed t test. Results: Among the 25 unique biopsies with a histological diagnosis of IOI, 16 (in 10 out of 16 patients) had IgG4+ plasma cells. Of these 10 patients with an IgG4+ biopsy at any time during their series, 6 patients had recurrent lesions (sensitivity=100%, specificity=60%, p=0.03). None of the IgG4 negative cases recurred (negative predictive value (NPV)=1, p=0.03, 95% CI= 0.52 to 1). A positive predictive value of 0.73 was obtained when the threshold was raised to ≥ 20 IgG4+ cells/10 HPF (p=0.04). Only one patient with recurrent IOI presented with an IgG4 negative biopsy on the


Loess deposits are the most widespread terrestrial archive of past climate and environmental change. While several tens of metres thick loess-palaeosol sequences in central and eastern Europe record multiple glacial-interglacial cycles, substantially thinner deposits along the English Channel in north-western Europe may provide valuable “snapshots” of abrupt climatic and environmental changes in areas proximal to the North Atlantic. Recently, high-resolution luminescence dating of loess deposits at Pegwell Bay, SE England has enabled constraint of the timing of dust fall over south-east England to 25-19 ka when the British-Irish and Fennoscandian Ice sheets had coalesced and the associated strengthened high pressure system favoured dust entrainment from the exposed southern North Sea basin. Two phases of greatly enhanced dust deposition at the site are centred around 25-23.5 ka and 20-19 ka, contemporaneous with changes in North Sea ice sheet extent and ice dammed lake drainage. Such changes may have triggered abrupt flood events that would have greatly enhanced sediment supply potentially overriding the input from other sediment sources, e.g. major rivers like the Rhine. However, while the temporal link between ice sheet and dust dynamics is striking, this possibility remains untested due to lack of sufficiently source diagnostic provenance analyses of loess along the North Sea and Channel coasts. The use of single grain detrital zircon U-Pb age assemblages can discriminate different sources to loess in suitable settings. Given the geochronological heterogeneity of terranes that account for sediment input into the North Sea basin during the late last glacial ranging from Baltica in the east, Cadomia-Armorica in the south and Laurentia-Ganderia-Meguma-Avalonia in the north and west, detrital zircon ages have great promise to link changes in North Sea drainage with dust source activity. As such, high n detrital zircon age assemblages have here been analysed from two samples of loess deposited at Pegwell Bay during the two phases of enhanced dust deposition. Preliminary results indicate that glacifluvial sediments derived from both Scandinavia and Britain combined with input from major rivers draining central and western continental Europe act as dust source during the first phase while glacifluvial sediments from Britain dominate during the second phase linked to the final abrupt decay of the North Sea ice lobe. These findings based on single grain detrital zircon data alone highlight the method’s potential to detect abrupt dust source variability in a favourable scenario of heterogenous source terranes. They also emphasise the importance of abrupt changes in ice sheets and their drainage in controlling wider-scale, rapid and substantial changes in atmospheric dust emission in higher latitudes, and by extension possible subsequent climatic and environmental effects.


Obstetricians: Want to know what your patients wish you had told them before delivery? We surveyed a group of moms and are sharing the top 10 responses.


In recent years, researchers have explored the applicability of Q-learning, a model-free reinforcement learning technology towards designing QoS-aware, resource-efficiency, and reliable routing techniquesin a dynamically changing network environment. However, Q-learning is based on tabular representation to characterize learned policies that frequently encounter a dimension disaster problem when introduced to the uncertain and dynamically changing network environment. In addition, the time required for agent learning in the training phase is too long, which makes it difficult for the agent to generalize the observation state efficiently. To this end, this paper attempts to overcome the overhead memory problems encountered in Q-learning-based routing techniques. In this paper, the study presents a novel memory-efficient intelligent routing mechanism based on adaptive Kanerva coding, which minimizes the storage cost required for storing large action and a state value. Unlike existing schemes, the proposed method optimizes memory requirements. Also, it enables better generalization by storing the learnable parameters of the function approximator present in the agent in a Kanerva-coding data structure. The Kanerva-coding is a sparse memory with distributed reading and writing mechanism which enables optimal compression and state abstractions for learning with fewer parameterized components making it highly memory efficient. The design and implementation of the proposed technique are done on the Anaconda tool. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed technique can adaptively adjust the routing policy according to the varying network environment to meet the transmission requirements of different services with low memory requirements. Keywords—Mobile wireless network; reinforcement learning; Q-learning; Kanerva coding; routing; memory optimization


The paper deals with the consumption of films in full stage of development of the national and international film industry, oriented towards an active consumer audience that can guarantee its permanence in the market. The objective of the research was to determine the level of consumption of Peruvian cinema among the students of the Faculty of Social Sciences of the National University of Altiplano Puno, 2018-I. The study corresponds to a quantitative methodology, since data collection was used through the survey, to perform a descriptive statistical analysis, in order to interpret the results obtained and establish guidelines to improve or strengthen the production of Peruvian films. The result of the investigation shows that 78.9% of students have a medium level Peruvian film consumption, which is equivalent to the majority group. Therefore, the research has led to the following conclusion: the level of Peruvian film consumption of students is medium.


An experimental investigation is performed to test the results of the recent general analytical-theoretical treatment of completely anisotropic electron-spin-resonance (ESR) hyperfine centers undergoing slow orientational diffusion in an amorphous sample. For this investigation, a new procedure is adopted for determining experimental slow-tumbling ESR dynamic parameters, which should be more accurate and reliable than those obtained with the existing methods. The new procedure, applied to the ESR centers involving nitroxide radicals enriched with $^{15}$N(I=(1/2)) in a polycarbonate polymer sample, yields consistent experimental values for the orientation-motional correlation times, motionally dependent inhomogeneous linewidths, and temperature-dependent hyperfine coupling constants in the slow-tumbling motional region. This agreement corroborates the validity of the general analytical expressions and the effectiveness of the new method for determining the slow-tumbling dynamic parameters of anisotropic ESR hyperfine centers under orientational diffusion in polycrystalline and/or amorphous condensed matter.


(57) [summary] formula (I) or (I '): (Wherein * represents the chirality of R, * 'represents the chirality of S, R is hydrogen or, respectively formula (II) or (II'): (Wherein, R 1 is alkyl, Ar is an aryl substituted optionally) A process for producing a 2-aza-dihydroxy bicyclo [2.2.1] heptane compound represented by), the formula (III) or (III '): The in shown is bicyclo [2.2.1] heptane compound, reproduced from about 0.1 to about 5 mol% of the metal osmate compound or about 0.06 to about 0.07 mol% osmium tetroxide, and osmium tetroxide method characterized by comprising the step of bis-hydroxylated in the presence of an oxidizing agent that may be.


INDO calculations with complete optimization of the geometries (INDO ∥ INDO) have been carried out on the seventeen parent N-methyl and N-aminoazoles. The results are consistent with the available experimental evidence and provide a coherent picture of the conformation of the sp3 amino group. The nitrogen-15 chemical shifts of eleven N-aminoazoles have been determined for the first time. Experimental determination of the geometry by X-ray crystallography has been carried out on 1 -aminobenzimidazole: P21/n,a= 7.972 5(4), b= 11.041 1 (4), c= 7.525 1 (3)A, β= 94.435(3)°, and on 2-aminobenzotriazole: P21/c, a= 11.590 0 (5), b= 4.603 1 (8), c= 12.559 1 (8)A, β= 109.914(4)°.


Atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation have different generating mechanisms in atrium. They are often cross-classified from the surface ECG. Nonlinear analysis has recently been applied to electrograms, and atrial arrhythmia is shown evidence that indicates the possibility of deterministic chaos. In this study, we applied methods from the theory of nonlinear dynamics to characterize electrograms of atrial flutter and fibrillation in humans. For typical flutter, nonlinear parameters were relatively smaller, and they presented higher values when in Af In atypical flutter, the magnitude of these nonlinear parameters was between those of typical flutter and Af Statistical analysis showed evidence that they exhibited a significant differentiation allowing the classification of these arrhythmias. By using the neural network classification, a desirable result was also obtained. Therefore, nonlinear analysis provided us an advantageous technique to discriminate among typical flutter, atypical flutter and Af electrograms from surface ECG.


Let's face it. Looking through a microscope is not what our bodies were built for, and looking through a microscope for an extended period of time requires an unnatural rigidity of the body. You're not moving around, even a bit, as you normally would. The result can be cramped muscles, especially in the neck and shoulders, and a whole body fatigue Hi at can make 10:00 AM feel like 5:03 PM. The solution is correct posture and a proper arrangement of microscope, chair, and body.


Use: as medical drugs or as intermediates for the preparation of medicines. SUMMARY: The product of general formula I .Zjj r-M- R2 hyalite JM Zi NR, ss of about where Zi - nitrogen or carbon bonded to a radical R4 (C-R4); 2.2 - nitrogen or carbon bonded to a radical RsCC-Rs); Za - nitrogen or carbon bonded to a radical ReCC-Re); Z4 - nitrogen or carbon bonded to R7 radical (CR). wherein only one of the groups Zi, 2s, Za ZA or may denote nitrogen; Rz is hydrogen; RI - hydrogen or a linear lower alkyl group or Ra and RI may together form a bond, represented by the group X- (CH2) n, where or (CHReHCHRg). wherein Ra - lower alkyl; Rg - hydrogen; RG - hydrogen, linear alkyl, pyridinyl, aryl radical, alkyl-N-alkyl-amino, alkilmorfolinovy radical, or R2 and RS can form together a bond, represented by the group-CH2 CH2 CH2 CH SN20N; R4 and Ry-hydrogen; RS and R4 are independently - arylcarbonyl, hydrogen, halogen, triftormotil, nitro or their tautomers, in which the various substituents have the same meanings as the meanings given for compounds of general formula I, except for the formula I compounds wherein Zi, Z2, ZG or Z / j-CH; RI and R2 - hydrogen; RS- hydrogen feni, m-chlorophenyl, m-tolyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-octyl, n-decyl, n-geksade- cyl, n-octadecyl. Reagent 1: the product of formula I, A SH wherein Zi, Z2, Zs, Z4, RI are as defined above. Reagent 2: gaseous chlorine. The temperature of 0-15 & amp; deg; C. Reagent 3: the resulting acid anhydride. Reagent 4: the amine of formula SHL NMS of NEs where R2 and R3 are as defined above. Temperature room temperature. Wednesday - Water. Table 16. With about 00 with a vi


For the small, high performance reactors required for space electric applications, adequate neutronic analysis is of crucial importance, but in terms of computational time consumed, nuclear calculations probably yield the least amount of detail for mission analysis study. It has been found possible, after generation of only a few designs of a reactor family in elaborate thermomechanical and nuclear detail to use simple curve fitting techniques to assure desired neutronic performance while still performing the thermomechanical analysis in explicit detail. The resulting speed-up in computation time permits a broad detailed examination of constraints by the mission analyst.


Abstract:
 The blue shark, Prionace glauca (L.), is one of the most abundant pelagic sharks, and determining their feeding habits is important for understanding the ocean ecosystem. Generally, stomach contents analysis has been used to evaluate its feeding habits; however simply analyzing stomach contents reveals short-term feeding habits. In this study, we examined feeding habits of blue sharks in the Northwestern Pacific based on results of both stomach contents and stable isotope analyses. The most dominant species and taxonomic group in the stomach were identified as anchovy and Oegopsida species, respectively.Mean δ13C and δ15N values of blue sharks were 18.5‰ and 12.1‰, respectively, which were higher than those of the prey items. Estimated proportional distribution of prey species varied according to discrimination factors used for stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios. Proportion of neritic or mesopelagic nekton, such as anchovy and lanternfish, was higher than that of other prey items including squids. We conclude that blue sharks capture prey ranging from neritic to mesopelagic animals through diel vertical migration.


Summary Grain yield of winter barley in the year preceding the experiment (1978) was relatively uniform over the site. In 1978–9 after the drainage treatments had been introduced, growth and yield of winter wheat were not affected by drainage, probably due to a compact layer at 20 cm that prevented the mole drains from controlling the water table (Harris et al. 1984). In 1979–80 after disrupting this layer, root growth in undrained plots during the winter and spring was severely restricted by the presence of a water table 20 cm from the soil surface, although some root axes were able to grow down to 75–100 cm below the soil surface. The differences in root distribution patterns between drained and undrained plots disappeared after the water table declined in April. Uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were less on undrained plots. Dry-matter production, leaf area index and peak number of tillers was also depressed, so that the yield of winter wheat was 0·74 t/ha greater on the drained treatment; the grain from the drained plots contained fewer impurities and weed seeds.


Treaties — Operation and enforcement of — Necessity for municipal legislation — Treaty of General Relations and Friendship between United States and Spain, 1903 — Lack of municipal legislation of United States providing for authorities to enforce extradition provisions — The law of the United States of America. Extradition — Procedure of — Treaty of General Relations and Friendship between United States and Spain, 1903 — Extradition of Spanish naval deserter — Lack of authorized authorities to enforce Treaty — The law of the United States of America.


This paper sets up DEA model to evaluate the whole efficiency and technology efficiency and technology progress of Chinese 69 listed high-technology companies.The companies′ data is form 2003 to 2005,and the DEA model is programmed using LIGO.At last,the effect and scale to return of every decision making-unit is analyzed and the technology progress rate of whole industry is analyzed.


Paul Duncan, the author of this book has travelled the length and breadth of Italy, sampling the hilltop towns and absorbing the character, history, festas and cuisine in every region. He looks into the often bloodthirsty past, both factual and legendary, and describes notable buildings ranging from Renaissance fortifications to a perfectly preserved 13th century village in Tuscany and the Ducal Palace at Urbino, where the remainder of one of Italy's great art collections is still the goal of many a pilgrimage. The lesser-known, sometimes sinister hilltowns of the South are given equal coverage for the first time - the undiscovered places of Calabria, Basilicata and Sicily, set strikingly into rocky hillsides, where pagan rites are still practised and Albanian is the mother tongue. John Ferro Sims was photographer for "A Traveller's Guide to Food and Wine in Tuscany" and "The Renaissance of Italian Cooking". Paul Duncan is a freelance journalist writing mainly on architectural subjects for magazines such as "Vogue", "Architect's Journal" and "Harpers and Queen". He has written for the Royal Fine Art Commission, Save Britain's Heritage - with a book on Georgian London. m


Significance The trabecular meshwork is the major tissue regulating intraocular pressure (IOP). Malfunction of this tissue results in ocular hypertension, the major risk factor for glaucoma. How IOP is regulated is still unknown, but it is accepted that mechanosensation and mechanotransduction are critical regulators. In this study, we report that primary cilia (PC) is a mechanosensor for stretch-induced autophagy in TM cells and identified a reciprocal activation of AKT1 and SMAD2/3 as a signaling pathway regulating the activation of autophagy by PC. Most importantly, we showed that PC-mediated autophagy plays a critical role in IOP homeostasis. These findings tremendously contribute to our understanding of TM biology and identify new potential targets for therapeutic strategies. Activation of autophagy is one of the responses elicited by high intraocular pressure (IOP) and mechanical stretch in trabecular meshwork (TM) cells. However, the mechanosensor and the molecular mechanisms by which autophagy is induced by mechanical stretch in these or other cell types is largely unknown. Here, we have investigated the mechanosensor and downstream signaling pathway that regulate cyclic mechanical stretch (CMS)-induced autophagy in TM cells. We report that primary cilia act as a mechanosensor for CMS-induced autophagy and identified a cross-regulatory talk between AKT1 and noncanonical SMAD2/3 signaling as critical components of primary cilia-mediated activation of autophagy by mechanical stretch. Furthermore, we demonstrated the physiological significance of our findings in ex vivo perfused eyes. Removal of primary cilia disrupted the homeostatic IOP compensatory response and prevented the increase in LC3-II protein levels in response to elevated pressure challenge, strongly supporting a role of primary cilia-mediated autophagy in regulating IOP homeostasis.


As health care costs continue to rise, health insurance premiums have also been forced upward. As a result, the number of uninsured Americans has increased. Those who continue to purchase insurance face heavy costs. It is important for policy makers to understand how different groups respond differently to such changes. This study uses a panel data set from a single firm to measure the relative demand for insurance among different groups of employees, based on the variables age, hire date, and salary. It models the responses to an increase in insurance premiums from one year to the next, using these variables and examines the distributive effects of an increase in insurance premiums to determine who is most affected by this increase. The study finds that older, higher-earning employees are less likely to alter their demand for plans that offer more choice, in response to a price increase. Among older workers, salary was less predictive of switching plans, and the rates of switching were uniformly lower. This implies that older employees are more inelastic to both income and price in their demand for health insurance. However, employees who spent more on insurance in the first year were less likely to spend more in the second year, when age and salary were controlled for. This finding, in combination with findings about the patterns of switching among high-wage and low-wage workers, suggests that employees in these two groups face a quantity constraint that restricts the amount of health insurance they are able to purchase. The study concludes that different groups of workers respond differently to increases in health insurance premiums, particularly across differences in age and salary. In order to create effective policy that deals with these price changes, the effects on different groups must be considered separately.


Rural development requires strong interaction between rural and urban areas. One facet of this interaction is the role that emerging towns play in serving as economic centres to the rural people surrounding them. Keeping other factors constant, the emergence of new towns plays a catalytic role in improving rural livelihoods. Given this reality, however, limited study has so far been made in the area to comprehend how emerging towns in many economic aspects enhance their surrounding rural communities' livelihoods. This book, therefore, aims at critically accessing the aforementioned issue. To this end, one emerging town, and three surrounding rural hinterlands located at different distances from the town are selected. The analysis is done on the basis of the theoretical notions of the rural service centre strategy and Perroux's growth pole theory. The results of the analysis should give a good insight to researchers to conduct further researches on similar topics, and should be especially useful to development actors and policy makers in taking actions and launching proper policy support interventions.


The endomembrane system of the chlamydomonad flagellate, Gloeomonas kupfferi Skuja, consists of a complex network of endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, and various vacuoles. One of the more distinct vacuolar components is the contractile vacuole (CV) complex, which consists of two anterior contractile vacuoles that expand/contract approximately every 30 s. In this study, experimental cytochemical labeling was performed to help elucidate possible endocytic/membrane recycling mechanisms in Gloeomonas and the possible role of the contractile vacuole in this process. When incubated with 0.5 mg · mL−1 cationic ferritin for short periods of time (2–60 min), labeling follows this route: inner membrane of CV, globular deposits in the CV and associated vesicles, and ultimately the terminal trans face cisternae of the Golgi apparatus (GA). Similar incubations with Lucifer yellow and concanavalin A—gold conjugates support distinct uptake of exogenous ligands by the CV and associated vesicles. Our results suggest that the contractile vacuole may be a site of endocytosis and that the trans GA loci may be a key site of membrane recycling.


As modern warfare has grown increasingly reliant on mission-critical electronics over the past two decades, the United States warfighter has had to carry an increasingly heavy burden of equipment, armor, and batteries. In this study, we review the properties and potential efficacy of energy harvesting technologies across several modalities: solar, radio frequency/electromagnetic, thermal, and piezo/tribo-electric. Finally, we discuss how a hybrid energy harvesting system could combine multiple modalities and extend the life of Soldier-worn batteries by 40 to 60 percent over the course of a 72-hour patrol. Keywordsenergy harvesting, battery charging, power integration, hybrid system


The invention relates to disinfecting liquid soap and a preparation method thereof, and particularly relates to natural plant essential oil-containing disinfecting liquid soap and a preparation method thereof. The disinfecting liquid soap is prepared from N-(4-chlorphenyl)-N'-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea (triclocarban), ethanol, litsea cubeba essential oil, sweet orange essential oil, PEG40 hydrogenated castor oil (CO-40), N-trimethylglycine (betaine), carbomer U20 (Carbopol Ultrez 20 polymer), triethanolamine and deionized water. Antimicrobial tests indicate that the disinfecting liquid soap has a relatively strong bacteriostatic effect, is applicable to medical mechanisms, hotels, food processing manufacture enterprises, dining and entertainment facilities and the like.


Perspectives of obtaining of complex oxide europium, iron, and bismuth nanocomposites as both bulk powders and thin film coatings on various supports by low-temperature pyrolysis of organic extracts based on extraction systems with different polyfunctional ligands were shown. Magnetic properties of nano-scale bismuth and europium ferrites Bi0,775Eu0,225O1,5, EuFeO3, and Eu3Fe5O12 were studied. Influence of the size of the particles on the magnetic properties of the multiferroic EuFeO3 was stated.


On the basis of analyzing the importance of innovative capacity for the leading cadres the paper discusses the ways to cultivate the innovative capacity to provide reference for the leading cadres.


Lantana camara Linn. is a heavily branched shrub that can grow in compact clumps, dense thickets or as a climbing vine. and has covered large areas in India, Australia. and much of Africa. In order to evaluate the wound healing activity of Lantana camara L., two different solvent extracts were prepared from the leaves of the plant. Ethyl acetate and Ethanol were used for the extraction of the active ingredients. Excision wound model on Wistar albino rats of 4 months, of both sexes, weighing between 100 to 150 gm was used to assess the wound healing activity of the leaves. Remarkable wound healing activity was observed with the ointment formulation of the ethanol extract at 2% concentration. Wound contraction was calculated as percentage of the reduction in wound area. A specimen sample of tissue was isolated from the healed skin of each group of mice for the histopathological examination, the results of which also supported the outcome of excision wound models. The present study demonstrated that the aerial parts of Lantana camara L. promote wound healing activity in mice as a preclinical study.


Examination anxiety is a psychology which often occurs to the examinees in examination. There are examinees' own psychological factors and the seriousness of the surrounding as well causing examination anxiety. The harm of examination anxiety is enormous. It can be healed by reducing examinees' psychological pressure, improving their examination skills, fostering examinees' good personalities and mastering some ways of how to reduce examination anxiety.


In association with GIS technology,grid-distributed hydrological model is used to study the flood response caused by underlying surface change in the sub-basin of Baipenzhu reservoir in Dongjiang River basin.In light of the status quo of land use in this basin,9 underlying surface scenarios are built by scenario analysis,and three typical floods respectively of large,medium,and small scale are chosen to quantitatively analyze the flood response caused by underlying surface change.It is found that forestry and its spatial distribution can effectively retain rainfall,reduce flood peak,and postpone flood peak lag time.In this sense,the protection of forestry,in particular,forestry along the river channel and in the upper reaches of the basin,is significant for the flood control and disaster mitigation in the basin.Moreover,since urbanization will increase runoff yield and speed up confluence,which is detrimental to flood control,hydropower projects are of great help by controlling floods in tributaries of the basin.Response of big floods caused by underlying surface change is greater than that of small floods.


Summary Tarboton, W. R. 1981. Cooperative breeding and group territoriality in the Black Tit. Ostrich 52:216-225. In a small, colour-ringed population of Black Tits Parus niger in central Transvaal, 11 of 19 observed breeding units comprised pairs with one to three helper-males. These pairs and groups defended permanent territories, the size of which correlated with the size of the group. There were significantly more territorial disputes during winter when less food was available than in summer. Breeding occurred in summer and the female alone built the nest, incubated the eggs and brooded the young while they were small. During this time she was fed by the alpha male and helper males, although before egg-laying the alpha male prevented helpers from courtship-feeding her. On average, unassisted pairs reared 0,88 young/season whereas pairs with helpers reared 1,55 young/season. However the feeding rate of nestlings of pairs with helpers was not higher than that of unassisted pairs and the number of young ...


Oilseed plants, vegetables and forest trees were grown in succession on a market garden soil in mini-plots (concrete containers, 1 m x 1 m x 1 m, sunk in the ground). The soil was treated with 0, 8, 24 and 72 t ha-1 dried sludge with high concentrations of Cd, Cu and Ni. None of the plants developed metal toxicity symptoms. A high, single application of dried and heat-treated sludge is more likely to cause problems with N than with heavy metals. Rates of up to 24 t ha-1 sludge can be used for growing industrial crops such as oilseed plants or forest trees, but should not be used for growing leafy vegetables because of the high Cd content of the sludge. The sludge applications considerably increased the NaHCO3-extractable P in the soil and caused no problems due to soluble salt and chlorides.


Abstract : The characteristics, both spectral and directivity, of the sound field of supersonic shock-free jets are studied by measuring the turbulent mixing noise in the far field from four two-inch diameter nozzles, namely a convergent nozzle for pressure ratios up to critical and three convergent- divergent nozzles having nominal design Mach numbers of 1.4, 1.7, and 2.0, respectively. The measurements were conducted in a free-field environment. The results from 75 jet exit conditions are presented in a systematic manner in the form of tabulated one-third octave spectra. The test program was carefully planned in order to obtain results (i) at constant jet efflux temperature with varying jet velocity, and conversely (ii) at constant exit velocity while varying jet efflux temperature. The effects of jet velocity and exhaust temperature on turbulent mixing noise can therefore be assessed independently.


We present the results of a Chandra study of the Hydra A galaxy cluster, where a powerful active galactic nucleus (AGN) outburst created a large-scale cocoon shock. We investigated possible azimuthal variations in shock strength and shape, finding indications for a weak shock with a Mach number in the range ∼1.2–1.3. We measured the temperature change across the shock front. However, the detection of a temperature rise in the regions immediately inside of the front is complicated by the underlying temperature profile of the cluster atmosphere. We measured the global temperature profile of the cluster up to 700 kpc, which represents the farthest measurement obtained with Chandra for this cluster. A "plateau" in the temperature profile in the range ∼70–150 kpc indicates the presence of cool gas, which is likely the result of uplift of material by the AGN outburst. After masking the cool filaments visible in the hardness ratio map, the plateau disappears and the temperature profile recovers a typical shape with a peak around 190 kpc, just inside the shock front. However, it is unlikely that such a temperature feature is produced by the shock as it is consistent with the general shape of the temperature profiles observed for relaxed galaxy clusters. We studied the spectral properties of the cool filaments finding evidence that ∼1011M☉ of low-entropy material has been dredged up by the rising lobes from the central 30 kpc to the observed current position of 75–150 kpc. The energy required to lift the cool gas is ≳ 2.2 × 1060 erg, which is comparable to the work required to inflate the cavities and is ∼25% of the total energy of the large-scale shock. Our results show that the AGN feedback in Hydra A is acting not only by directly heating the gas, but also by removing a substantial amount of potential fuel for the supermassive black hole.


Rapid advancements in medical science have increased both the longevity and the total number in our aged population. The resultant problems, disabilities and infirmities are frequently beyond the capacities of these persons, their families and their physicians, and must of necessity receive the attention of the community and society. An enlightened and augmented approach to the solution of these problems of our elderly citizens entails greater understanding and analysis, not only of groups segregated in institutions, but also of groups living as part of the community. To this end, the Mayor's Advisory Committee for the Aged (Mr. Henry L. McCarthy, Chairman) set up a Subcommittee to investigate a representative group of the aged residing at the Vladek Housing Project in the lower East Side of New York City. The New York City Housing Authority arranged for the interviewing of 310 persons from a sample of 200 households. This represented approximately 50 per cent of the total number of couples and unattached persons more than 60 years of age living in this development. The subcommittee explored the overall needs of the group, i.e., social, financial, housing, recreational and medical problems. It is the purpose of this paper to present the medical aspects of this investigation.


The article is focused on the role of pedagogy of diversity as an essential condition for transformative learning. The theoretical premises of this research are to be found in the studies and theories about constructivist learning, transformative learning and human development. Transformative learning is more than learning,it is a real opportunity to develop social competences. Social competences can be developed in the social context through cooperation with "the other", which is different.For developing social competences only theoretical knowledgeis not enough: certain behaviours, in different social contexts, which promote tolerance, empathy and human diversityare necessary. A new school culture, for all educations actors: a transformative learning culture is necessary.


One of the biggest challenges of recent civil engineering is the need to make it sustainable by implementing environmentally friendly and cost-effective solutions. The search for new materials and technologies is an important and current issue also in the strengthening of soft soils. In the soft soil stabilization process, conventional materials (cement and lime) are being replaced by waste materials, such as stone slurry waste, spent coffee grounds, rice husk ash, crushed waste concrete and glass, natural fibers, sawdust, waste tire rubber and plastic waste materials. Appropriate waste admixture content contributes to soil reinforcement by reducing compressibility and increasing maximum density and shear strength. The application of waste as an admixture is an economically and ecologically beneficial method of soil improvement. It eliminates the cost of materials and helps to reduce the problem of waste disposal, which is sometimes very expensive and problematic. The study aims to analyze the effect of waste materials on improving the physical and mechanical properties of soils based on the research results presented in the literature.


A fully optical version of the oblique evaporation technique through undercut photoresist stencils developed by Dolan is used to fabricate planar variable-thickness S-N-S microbridges. An experimental study of the static and dynamic behaviour of Pb-Cu-Pb devices is reported. I c R N -products are found in good agreement with the Likharev theory and its modifications. In the shortest microbridges we find I c R N - values of the order of the limiting value 2Δ pb (O)/e. The I-V curves show hysteresis only at the lowest temperatures of our experiments and exhibit sharp quantum steps when the samples are exposed to microwave radiation.


Background: Previous UK studies suggest that people with arthritis taking part in self-management programmes feel more confident in their ability to manage and control their symptoms. These patients may also visit the doctor less fre- quently and have shown improved physical and clinical outcomes (1, 2). Based on this evidence, self-management has become an essential component of care for patients with arthritis, or generally with chronic diseases. However, there is still a huge gap regarding such self-management services and support pro- grammes in rheumatology in Switzerland. In the Swiss National Strategy "Musculoskeletal


Renewable energy (RE) is one of the leading industry blooming around the globe. The usage of renewable energy benefits the entire nation in all ways such the social, culture and environment. Besides that, the hike in the fossil fuel price in the market increase the demand in industry for the search of renewable energy as a conventional method to generate electricity. However, installation of solar photovoltaic (PV) for electricity generation might be not a good mitigation for the problem whereby some internal issues to be rectified and to be stabilized for the better power quality to be generated. Therefore, this paper study on voltage stability analysis on power grid with integrated solar PV system. The stability of voltage has to be taken care to avoid major problem occurrence such as voltage sag. Besides, the installation of PV can produce different PV penetrating rate which indirectly affects the voltage stability. This studies on the voltage stability problems integration of photovoltaic to IEEE-14 bus networks. In this research project NVSI used to find the weak bus for injection of three phase fault for fault analysis. The faulted bus was mitigated by using the photovoltaic system.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the possibility of using laser Doppler flowmetry to study dental pulpal blood flow.

METHODS
The pulpal blood flow of 80 healthy maxillary incisors of 20 volunteers and 15 teeth with necrotic pulp of 11 patients were determined by JI-200 Laser Doppler Flowmetry. The pulpal blood flow of 16 teeth with deep caries were measured before and after treatment.

RESULTS
There were no obvious difference of the pulpal blood flow values between the right and the left part, neither the male and the female. Maxillary central incisors had a slightly greater pulpal blood flow values than maxillary lateral incisors. The flow values from 15 teeth with necrotic pulp or pulpless teeth were significantly lower than that from the control teeth. Before therapy the values from 16 deep caries teeth were all higher than that from the control teeth. After therapy, most (15/16) of those values decreased to normal in three days. The value of one tooth with deep caries remained high, and one week later, the pulp became necrosis.

CONCLUSION
Laser Doppler flowmetry has great potentialities in the study of pulp blood flow, and deserves more concerns.


Cerebral palsy (CP) is defined as a nonprogressive neuromotor disorder of cerebral origin. CP is the leading cause of childhood disability affecting function and development. Here, an effort was made to treat a 3 years old male child with spastic type of CP using multiple Ayurveda treatment modalities. Global developmental delayed milestones and unable to stand, walk and speak (both since birth). Septicemia, seizures, HIE III grade. The child was being given tablet pacitane 2 mg (as a muscle relaxant). He was undergoing physiotherapy. No family history and no consanguinity found. Antenatal: Mother (24 years) was not suffering from any complication. Vitals were normal. Cardiovascular system, respiratory system and per abdomen examinations had shown no deformity. Prakriti was Vatadhikakapha. Shabda was not learnt (bisyllables should have been learnt by 3 years of age). Sparsha was hard and dry (due to hypertonia and spasticity). Akriti was lean (due to malnourishment). Patient was diagnosed to have the hypertonia (spasticity) and contractures at ankle and knee joint. Muscle power could not be elicited because patient was unable to follow the command. Sensory system was intact, and no abnormality found. Hyperreflexia was present, babinski sign was up going (positive). Abhayanga, Shashtika Shali Pinda Sweda and MatraBasti along with Shamana Aushadi. These combined therapies gave moderate improvement growth (height, weight, CC) and development (head holding and sitting), reducing spasticity of left upper and lower limb and right upper limb in patient.


When Howe Dell Primary School in Hatfield relocated, a new building that incorporated the latest innovative, sustainable elements into its design was top of the agenda. The £8 million school project is the first building in the UK to use an underground, interseasonal heat transfer (IHT) and works in tandem with TermoDeck, Tarmac's high thermal mass and mechanical ventilation system, to heat and cool the building.


Sue Palmer and Ros Bayley continue their Foundations of Literacy series by outlining the importance of music, movement and song.


An application is developed for viewing scanning tunneling microscope (STM) data stereoscopically by using alternating-pair glasses and the TV-1024/32 32-bit/pixel graphics accelerator system. Arbitrary viewer position, view, and light source direction are allowed. The steps used for generation of the stereoscopic views are outlined. Due to the large size of the data set (up to 400 X 400 uniform grid) several computational optimizations are used. Symmetry of the data set is used to remove computational redundancies during triangulation and shading processes. Generation of the left eye and right eye view matrices is explained, as well as the transformation of the physical interocular distance of the viewer into the viewing coordinate system. Stereoscopic slides of gold, graphite, and other atomic structures are presented.


A tubular furnace containing five independently heated cylindrical metal blocks placed end-to-end is used to provide a very uniform temperature distribution over most of the length of the central block. A furnace with a heated length of 65 cm used for the comparison of thermocouples with a standard resistance thermometer at 630.5°C can be adjusted to be uniform in temperature within a range of 0.13 degC over a length of 23 cm, or, if the greatest possible uniformity at the centre is not required, a different adjustment yields a uniformity well within ±3 degC over a length of 55 cm. The same design of furnace has been used to provide a large black-body enclosure at temperatures up to 1063°C or a uniform-temperature zone for the determination of the freezing points of metals.


Abstract In comparisons of OECD member countries, Switzerland receives top marks on central indicators of political performance such as the rate of unemployment, the inflation rate and general government net debt interest payment. Focusing on the period from 1990 to 2012, this essay examines the sources and causes of this success story, drawing not only on hypotheses and data that are specific to Switzerland but also on explanatory approaches that compare Switzerland to other wealthy democracies. Of the several key items involved – including the institutional, procedural and actor-related characteristics of Switzerland – the variables that have proven to be most important are those contributing to policy area-specific explanations (such as central bank autonomy, distributional conflict and fragmentation of fiscal policy), as well as indicators of social partnership in industrial relations and the distribution of power between political parties.


For two linear / three linear array mapping cameras, the on-orbit angle change between mapping cameras / star earth cameras is the key to affect the accuracy of mapping / no control point positioning. In this paper, the on-orbit optical axis pointing change of a high-precision stereo mapping camera is evaluated, which is based on the on-orbit monitor system of boresight angle change between front and rear view camera/star cameras. Firstly, the spot image quality evaluation of the boresight position recorder of star earth cameras is carried out. It mainly includes shape, gray value, noise and so on. Secondly, the optical axis pointing stability of star earth cameras is analyzed. Finally, the optical axis pointing accuracy is analyzed. The results show that the performance of boresight position recorder of star earth cameras is good after on-orbit parameter optimization, the boresight pointing accuracy of star earth cameras is better than 0.2″, focus accuracy is better than 0.005mm. It provides a good reference for the follow-up project promotion.


Polyreactive heterofunctional oligoperoxides (HFOPs) were synthesized by radical copolymerization of a peroxidic monomer (PM) with vinyl acetate and butyl acrylate. In this polymerizing system, PM participates mainly in chain propagation reaction. That allows us to use the known statistical terpolymerization composition equation for description of HFOP macrochain formation. At the same time, PM not only effectively terminates growing oligomer chains, but also reduces their total amount. Molecular weight characteristics of HFOPs were studied by gel permeation chromatography. It is proposed that their typical bimodal molecular weight distribution is a result of two competitive mechanisms: a biradical interaction termination and termination with secondary radicals formed as a result of PM transfer. The termination mechanism ratio depends both on composition and conversion level of the monomer mixture. The main regularities of a PM containing system polymerization determined by us allow us to control intentionally HFOP structural and molecular weight characteristics. The possibility of HFOP use for curing and modification of the castable mixtures on the basis of oligodieneurethanes and oligoacrylates has been shown. The use of such oligoperoxides provides improved basic physicochemical properties, an increase of thermoresistance, and fatigue resistance of composite rubbers.


Introduction Li-ion batteries are widely used for small electronic devices such as mobile phones. They are typically composed of layered transition metal oxide LiMO2 (M=Ni,Co,Mn) as a cathode, and graphite as an anode with a proper electrolyte, such as LiPF6. LiCoO2 is first commercialized thanks to the easiness of preparation and high cyclability [1]. But it has drawbacks of high cost and limited capacity (~160mAh/g). In recent years, alternative cathode materials with larger capacity have been proposed and investigated for the power sources in the future electronic vehicles (EVs). One of the candidates is Li2MnO3 based Lirich layered cathode materials (LLLs), which have a large capacity (250mAh/g~) and high cyclability [2,3]. In the previous works, we have performed M (=Ni,Co,Mn)-Kedge XAS study of the LLLs to explain the large capacity [4,5]. In the typical cathode material LiCoO2, the charge compensation is explained by the redox reaction of the transition metal, Co. In contrast, for LLLs, the charge compensation during first voltage plateau (~4.5V) is explained by the redox reaction of transition metals, too. But the oxygen release occurs during the second voltage plateau (4.5V~) instead of the redox reaction of the transition metal. Although the redox reaction of oxygen was suggested by the previous works, the details of oxygen redox process have not been elucidated yet. X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) is a very powerful tool to elucidate the electronic and atomic structures around the selected atom. In order to clarify the role of oxygen, it is promising to study O K-edge XAS of Li1.2Al0.4Mn0.4O2, where aluminum might be inert to the electrochemical reaction.


contains many opportunities for discrimination, and informal recruiting and screening procedures such as relying on employee referrals tend to reinforce the firm's current racial composition. The chapter would have benefited, however, from more extensive links to the large body of literature that has documented many of these processes in detail (see Arvey and Faley, 1992, for a review). The book's concluding chapter outlines an ambitious policy agenda to address the barriers faced by workers of color in seeking employment. The authors suggest that schools, nonprofit organizations, and employer consortia should train employees in soft skills and provide ongoing social support once employees enter the workplace. They also argue for revitalizing and expanding affirmative action to include both funding for audits that demonstrate the prevalence of racial discrimination in employment and incentives for firms that provide opportunities for workers of color. It is unclear, however, to what extent the relatively blunt tools outlined in this chapter can alter the subtle but powerful processes that shape the stories employers tell about race, skill, and employment.


Phenolic resin modified with zirconium and with high char yield was synthesized with formaldehyde, phenol and zirconyl chloride as raw materials. Effects of molar ratio of formaldehyde, phenol and amount of zirconyl chloride on char yield of resin were studied, and the optimum synthesis technology was determined. The chemical structure and thermal properties of the resin were characterized by IR and TGA. The results show that zirconium existes in molecular chain of zirconyl-phenolic resin in the form of Zr-O-C bond and Zr-O-Zr bond, which has lower content of ether bond and higher thermal stability than popular phenolic resin. The maximum thermal decomposition temperature is 560℃, and the char yield is 62. 5%. It is suitable for use as the typical matrix to high temperature-resistant and ablation-resistant of resin.


The choice of chromophores and of their mutual geometrical arrangement for optimized singlet fission (SF) rates are considered. The electronic matrix element that enters the Fermi golden rule for the rate of SF is worked out algebraically for a simple model, but the density of states factor is not analyzed here. The model treats only the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied orbitals of the partners. It provides an approximate formula that requires only the knowledge of the expansion coefficients of these orbitals and of overlap integrals between atomic orbitals on the partners to obtain an estimate of the electronic matrix element. An illustrative application to a pair of ethylene molecules suggests that favored geometries will be those in which one of the AOs on the first ethylene overlaps with both AOs on the second ethylene, while the other AO on the first ethylene overlaps with at least one, and preferably both, AOs of the second ethylene as little as possible.


A bit synchronization system, incorporating a digital data transition tracking phase-locked loop. The system, to which an input signal in the form of a noise-distorted con stant amplitude bipolar stream of data bits, is assumed to be supplied, includes two integration channels. In one channel in tegrations are performed over assumed bit times, each bit time being equal to a bit period, while in the other channel integra tions are performed over integration windows, each window being less than a bit period. The outputs of the two channels are combined to provide a pair of binary signals which are sup plied to a digital filter, comprising a variable length counter and a variable gain register. The contents of two registers are combined to provide an error signal indicative of the direction of the phase difference between periods of bits in said stream and the assumed bit times.


The incentives and effects of outward direct investment(ODI) are always the emphases in domestic and foreign studies.Foreign academia puts forward different theories to explain the motivations and mechanisms of the ODI in developed and developing countries.Besides,they use data to investigate the export,technology and industrial structure effects of ODI on the home countries and harvest in abundant research fruits.Chinese scholars also carry out significant studies on the incentives and effects of ODI.However,there are some deficiencies in the existing domestic and foreign theoretical and positive studies,which provide limited reference for the development of Chinese ODI.


This paper presents a comparison of different current controller response characteristics of SRM. The most common current controllers of the SRM is hysteresis type. The hysteresis controller is easy to implement and fast current control response, but has the inherent disadvantage of switching frequency variations. The other common type of current controller is PI scheme. The design of a classical PI current controller with fixed parameters for SRM is not an easy task due to the extreme nonlinear characteristics. In this paper, some linearization technique is used for design of PI current controller. Experimental results of 1-hp SRM are presented for the basic reference data which can be used to select the proper current control scheme according to the applications.


This research on the polical neutrality policy for civil servants in the regional elecon has the intenon to evaluate the policy in order to ancipate the involvement of civil servants in polical acvies, especially in the Regional Elecon of Central Java. In this regard, the approach used by this study is not only doctrinal, but also the study of law in acon as nondoctrinal. The subject of this research are KPU of Central Java Province, Bawaslu of Central


In this paper, we consider the implementation of two iterative methods: the Gram-Schmidt Conjugate Direction (GSCD) and Conjugate Gradient (CG) algorithm. We first study the convergence properties of the algorithms. Furthermore, the fixed-point implementation of both CG and GSCD are presented. For the simulations purposes, the algorithms are applied to a multiuser detection scheme in a DS-CDMA system. Finally, for different number of users, wordlengths, and number of iterations, the MSE resulting from the quantization is estimated.


Traditional methods for microarray datasets analysis often find the co-expression genes. However, these methods may miss the genes which are differential co-expression patters under different datasets. Mining these differential co-expression patterns is more valuable for inferring regulator. In this paper, we develop an algorithm, MSPattern, to mine maximal subspace differential co-expression patterns. MSPattern constructs a weighted undirected gene-gene relational graph firstly. Then all the maximal subspace co-expression patterns would be mined by using gene-growth method in above graph. MSPattern also utilizes several techniques for generate maximal patterns without candidate SDC patterns maintenance. Evaluated by the gene expression datasets, the experimental results show our algorithm is more efficiently than traditional ones.


8.38. The above condensed overview of the effects of air pollution in adults with asthma is only of relevance to the effects on worsening symptoms or airflow in patients with pre‐existing asthma. There is no doubt that ozone/acid/particulate events have an effect although of slight and variable degree in adults but there is some evidence that with increasing age, airway responses to ozone attenuate. This would also be supported by the finding that adults with longer outdoor dwell times showed greater effects, and that in some studies no effect at all can be demonstrated in adults. Effect to be more in those patients who are more symptomatic or who have increased bronchial reactivity. In patients with severe asthma the ameliorating effect of treatment might be expected to mask any worsening of symptoms or peak flow induced by air pollution. Acutely, therefore, adults with asthma are less likely to show an effect of air pollution episodes than children and such an effect is likely to attenuate further with increasing age. However, those with severe disease are likely to react more although the combined effect of age and disease has not been specifically studied. What we do not know is whether related exposure to ozone/acid/particulate events or to winter SO2/NO2/particulate events will have a cumulative effect on asthmatics pushing them to the more severe end of the spectrum.


Image-based rendering (IBR) technique enables presenting real scenes interactively to viewers and hence is a key component for implementing VR telepresence. The quality of IBR results depends on the set of pre-captured views, the rendering algorithm used, and the camera parameters of the novel view to be synthesized. Numerous methods were proposed for optimizing the set of captured images and enhancing the rendering algorithms. However, from which regions IBR methods can synthesize satisfactory results is not yet well studied. In this work, we introduce the concept of renderability, which predicts the quality of IBR results at any given viewpoint and view direction. Consequently, the renderability values evaluated for the 5D camera parameter space form a field, which effectively guides viewpoint/trajectory selection for IBR, especially for challenging large-scale 3D scenes. To demonstrate this capability, we designed 2 VR applications: a path planner that allows users to navigate through sparsely captured scenes with controllable rendering quality and a view selector that provides an overview for a scene from diverse and high quality perspectives. We believe the renderability concept, the proposed evaluation method, and the suggested applications will motivate and facilitate the use of IBR in various interactive settings.


As a system integration framework, the role of SOA(Service Oriented Architecture) is widening and increasing day by day. The SOA framework enables software applications or computing resources to integrate flexibly and to provide more various business models. But, it is strongly required of SOA service level management for applying SOA in real business world. In this respect, we need a study on method for managing SOA system for keeping higher quality of SOA. This paper provides a new management method for SOA service level by analyzing quality factors in Web services, as SOA implementation, and negotiation/contract according to SLA methodology.


A new risk measure approach is introduced into the problem of bank's optimal portfolio,and an optimal model of maximum expected profit is developed.Depmonstration analysis for our bond market is performed to prove the validity of the model.


Data and success stories reveal how to ensure that African American students thrive in the STEM classroom In Making Black Scientists, Marybeth Gasman and Thai-Huy Nguyen examine African American access to STEM careers through stories and data that describe the successful experiences of faculty, staff, and students at historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs).


We have investigated the condensation energy and the nature of the high-temperature phase of the reconstruction of W(100) by a combined study of static and dynamic properties based on a model-Hamiltonian approach. We find that the critical dynamics are much more sensitive to the energetics than the static properties. The comparison of the theoretical results with existing experimental data yields insights on the energetics of the √2×√2R45 o reconstruction on clean W(100) and on the crossover from the disordered √2×√2R45 o phase to the normal (1×1) phase


A Senior Honors Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for graduation with distinction in Linguistics in the undergraduate colleges of The Ohio State University by Katherine Woznicki The Ohio State University June 2006 Project Advisors: Professor Mary Beckman, Department of Linguistics Professor Brian Joseph, Department of Linguistics, Department of Slavic and East European Languages and Literatures


Nanosized TiO2, the major structure is analyzed, with the average particle diameter of 5nm, which was fixed on the composite board of Ni-Foam. The ability to disinfect Vibrio alginolyticus by the carrier nanosized TiO2 have been studied. The results showed that the carrier nanosized TiO2 has fine effect on disinfecting Vibrio alginolyticus by the means of the light of mercury lamp. Under the condition of supplying H2O2, the carrier nanosized TiO2 has better disinfection ability to Vibrio alginolyticus than that without H2O2. So the application of carrier nanosized TiO2 on the lysozyme of aquatic animal in aquaculture disease prevention would be promising.


The dispersal of droplets sprayed from an aircraft, be it fixed or rotary winged, is affected by influences which can be placed in four categories: 1. Particle characteristics e.g. terminal velocity. 2. Aircraft wake. 3. Meteorology. 4. Nozzle or atomiser position. Although all four categories combine to produce a particular application the relative importance of each influence varies with particular circumstances. Large particles for instance, are little influenced by air movement and so aircraft wake and meteorology are unimportant. Small droplets, on the other hand, have low terminal velocities and are more easily affected by air movements. Situations where wake predominates over meteorology are usually those where flying heights and wind speeds are low. For example, in Ultra Low Volume spraying, Lawson and Uk (1979) found wake effects at low flying heights.


Abstract A novel, one-pot, cascade reaction sequence featuring the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of α-azido acrylates and aromatic oximes was developed. This procedure provides an efficient, straightforward and metal-free method for the synthesis of 3,4,5-trisubstituted isoxazoles under mild reaction conditions.


Oral presentation on enhancing growth and gealth of pinus radiata in New Zealand and Acacia mangium in Malayasia with selected Trichoderma isolates.


A new vacuum carburizing technology uses a high-purity hydrocarbon compound and a precision controlled liquid injection delivery system to yield repeatable, high-quality results over a wide range of process variables.


Treaties — Operation and enforcement of — Necessity for municipal legislation — Convention implemented by statute — Assessment to Income tax — Application of proceeds in part for purposes allegedly contrary to Convention ratified by United Kingdom Government — Statute law prevails in conflict between Convention and statute — Geneva Conventions Act, 1957 — The law of England.


Nano industry is applicable to refinery of water. This study presents the theoretical model in order to separating the phenol pollution with polymer Nano composite. Relation shown that the bending the particles is a method to identification of this particles. Increasing the size of phenol lead to suitable performance of polymer nano composite to refinery of water. Magnet property helps to high performance in absorbing the phenol nanoparticles. Performance of this method is higher than 60%. This result is suitable to resume the separating the nanoparticles. But size of particle has no relation with performance of this method.


Inorganic phosphate (Pi) plays a central role in cellular energy transduction. As a consequence, limitation of growth by phosphate availability can have an important impact on various aspects of metabolism. Since carbon acquisition via CO2-concentrating mechanisms (CCMs) in most microalgae is an active process, requiring ATP, it might be expected that phosphate limitation could have an indirect regulatory influence on CCM activity. We grew the green alga Chlorella emersonii Shihira et Krauss in semicontinuous or continuous cultures in nutrient-replete conditions or with orthophosphate as the limiting nutrient. CCM activity was down-regulated by P limitation. K0.5(dissolved inorganic carbon) values increased from approximately 4.5 µmol·L–1 in cells growing at close to maximal rates to >12 µmol·L–1 in cells growing at 0.2 d–1. Maximal rates of photosynthesis decreased by approximately half over the same range of growth rates. Direct measurements of CCM activity showed that internal CO2 : external CO2 ratio ...


In accordance with the regulations of The Government Commission of Religious Confessions and Public Enlightenment from 1817 parsons of parishes laying on the area of the Polish Kingdom were obliged to present to the dean, and he in turn to the bishop, the report of proceedings (the report) so called 'the examination' of elementary schools twice a year. In the school year 1822–1823 in 14 out of 17 existing parishes of the deanery of Siewierz of the Diocese of Cracow (no data from three parishes) – 26 elementary schools functioned. Teachers who worked at these schools fulfilled their tasks in different ways. Their work had an influence on benefits which children had from attending schools for four years. However, pupils were frequently called away from school-duties by parents, there was no fuel to heat rooms of schools, and diseases of children caused that they seldom and only some of them managed to learn reading, writing, calculating, and religion.


The twenty-first century goes into a storm as intense pace that ultimately crush the human temporality. The life today is under the stigma of the hurry, the urgency, and the immediacy. Everything that mankind knows can be, from time to time, out-of-date. New concepts emerge in this acceleration of life. The means of mass communication, the subliminal advertising is to convince us to incorporate new concepts about our own needs. It convinces us of the importance of a Profa. Dra. Docente do Departamento de Terapia Ocupacional da UFSCar. Coordenadora do Curso de Terapia Ocupacional da UFSCar. Endereco para correspondencia: Rua Germano Fher, 1795, Vila Nery, Sao Carlos, SP. CEP: 13569-005. firstname.lastname@example.com


Closed promenades are closed walks on a graph that can be thought of as generalized circuits, as they correspond to circuits on some cover of the graph. We give a partial characterization of the set of indecomposable closed promenades, which are related to the irreducible closed promenades of Feldman and the non-positive cost minimal and skeleton promenades of Even and Halabi. Throughout, connections are made to related objects in coding theory that encapsulate information associated to the failure of certain decoders, such as linear programming or message-passing iterative decoders. In particular, the indecomposable closed promenades that meet our characterization correspond precisely with the most likely errors of the linear programming decoder, as shown by the author and Axvig.


The authors focus on the application of adaptive end-to-end windowing as a reactive congestion control mechanism for data communications over asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) networks. In particular, an adaptive window mechanism including go-back (n) retransmission is proposed. The performance achievable by its application was evaluated by simulation under a particular network model assumption. The gain possible in terms of improvement of cell acceptance is estimated with different source traffic descriptors and network parameter values. Some comments on the interaction between the window mechanism and other congestion control mechanisms for ATM networks are given.<<ETX>>


Multiuser detection is one of the receiver design technology for detection of the desired signal(s) from interference and noise. Conventional single user detector faced a problem of near-far effect. This effect is removed by using different multiuser detectors. These multiuser detectors are optimum Maximum Likelihood Detector, Parallel Interference cancellation scheme (PIC) and Successive Interference cancellation scheme (SIC). All these conventional techniques have a shortcoming of computational complexity besides they are not too much efficient. To overcome these shortcomings we have used Genetic Algorithm which is a search method used to generate useful solutions to optimization. The different approaches are used to generate the children chromosomes. The simulation result shows the comparison of considered approaches in form of form BER versus number of cycles and SNR.


A study of the dispersed composition of dust for various types of repair in warehouses has been carried out. The data on the concentration of dust emissions inside the premises were obtained. The dependence of the dust concentration on the distance from the place of work, the size of the emitted particles, the area of the room and the time spent on the work is built. An assessment is given of the impact of reconstruction work in warehouses on environmental pollution by dust emissions. The concentration and ratio of PM2.5 to PM10 particles were calculated to determine dustiness and negative impact on the environment.


The tension between the freedom of academics to grade the achievements of their students without interference or coercion and the prerogative of higher education institutions to control grading standards is often deliberated by weighing up the authority and rights of the two parties. An alternative approach is to start with an analysis of the characteristics necessary for a system to exhibit integrity in grading academic achievement and treat the establishment and maintenance of academic standards as a problem to be solved. This would allow the respective responsibilities of academics and institutions to be resolved within a concrete setting rather than in the abstract. Connecting the typical characteristics of a profession with Isaiah Berlin's two concepts of liberty leads to a productive partnership in which the respective interests of individual academics and the values of institutions can converge on a practical solution to the problem of academic freedom.


Abstract This article analyses the 'politics of humanity' in Cicero's philosophical and rhetorical works, the practice of projecting and shifting the moral and political boundary that separates the 'human' from the 'inhuman', the 'inept at being human', and the 'undeserving of being human'. This practice has many affinities with the relatively modern phenomenon of 'dehumanisation'. In the first part, the emphasis is on Cicero's humanism, in particular his ideas on human nature as they appear in De Officiis. Here I also show the impact of this practice on Roman ideas of self-fashioning, 'sincerity' and social performance. In the second part, I observe the way in which Cicero's political and legal theory fits within this ideological project. I further argue that Cicero's humanism provided a conceptual background to the rhetorical dehumanisation of his political enemies, that is, to the claims in his invective that these men could no longer be considered as proper human beings. My final suggestion is that the goal of this practice, at least some of the time, was to make a case for excluding these individuals from the state's legal system and thus depriving them of its protections.


Introduction: Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is one of the most prevalent causes of irreversible blindness and is associated with endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness. Pseudoexfoliati...


We study non-BPS black hole solutions to ungauged supergravity with 8 supercharges coupled to vector multiplets in four and five dimensions. We identify a large class of five dimensional non-BPS solutions, which we call ``almost BPS'', that are supersymmetric on local patches and satisfy a first order flow governed by harmonic functions. By dimensional reduction, they give rise to new non-BPS solutions in four dimensions. These solutions allow for some nontrivial asymptotic moduli and multiple centres, similar to their globally supersymmetric cousins. We explicitly discuss a single centre and a two centre example.


Processor manufacturers have turned to parallelism to continue to improve processor performance, and the bandwidth demands of manycore systems are rising. Silicon photonics can lower the energy-per-bit of core-to-core and core-to-memory interconnects while simultaneously alleviating bandwidth bottlenecks. In this work, methods of controlling the amount of charge entering the diode structure of a photonic modulator are investigated to achieve high energy efficiency in a constrained monolithic process. Two digital modulator topologies are simulated, fabricated and tested. One circuit topology, intended to drive a carrier-injection-based ring modulator, uses a digital push-pull topology with preemphasis to reduce the energy-per-bit and to prevent the ring's optical passband from shifting to the next optical channel. The second circuit topology drives a depletion-mode modulator device for high energy efficiency and speed. High-level system modeling is addressed, as well as practical considerations such as packaging. This work marks the first monolithic transceiver in a zero-change CMOS process, and the most energy-efficient monolithically-integrated modulator in a sub-100 nm CMOS process. Thesis Supervisor: Vladimir Stojanovid


Contributions towards a new systematics of the lichen family Thelotremataceae I. The lichen family Thelotremataceae in Africa / A. Frisch. II. A monograph of Thelotremataceae with a complex structure of the columnella / A. Frisch; K. Kalb. III.Molecular phylogeny of the Thelotremataceae / Frisch/Kalb/Grube 2006. 556 pages, 159 figures, 9 tables, 26 plates, 14x23cm, 960 g Language: English (Bibliotheca Lichenologica, Band 92) ISBN 978-3-443-58071-1, paperback, price: 88.00 € in stock and ready to ship


Se-allicin was synthesized chemically as a characteristic compound in Se-enriched garlic.The DPPH free radical activity of allicin and Se-allicin was evaluated by means of spectrophotometric measurement.The results showed that the detection wavelength and stabilization time for DPPH free radical system were 517 nm and 30 min,respectively.Se-allicin and allicin could effectively inhibit the formation of DPPH free radicals in a dose-or time-dependent manner.In the optimal system,the IC50 values of Se-allicin and allicin were 15.3 μmol/mL and 387 μmol/mL,respectively,indicating better radical scavenging activity of Se-allicin.


The Born cross section for the process e+e-→pp¯ is measured using the initial state radiation technique with an undetected photon. This analysis is based on datasets corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 7.5  fb-1, collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider at center of mass energies between 3.773 and 4.600 GeV. The Born cross section for the process e+e-→pp¯ and the proton effective form factor are determined in the pp¯ invariant mass range between 2.0 and 3.8  GeV/c2 divided into 30 intervals. The proton form factor ratio (|GE|/|GM|) is measured in 3 intervals of the pp¯ invariant mass between 2.0 and 3.0  GeV/c2.


An efficient conversion of quinolines to 1,2-dihydroquinolines (50% ~ 96% yield) was developed via the modifica-tion of the known methods. It was found that using sodium cyanoborohydride as a reductant would overcome the low conversion often encountered in previous studies. A series of N -alkoxycarbonyl-1,2-dihydroquinolines were obtained through reduction of activated quinolium salts. Notably, with the exception of the 3- and 4-substituted substrates, a mixture of 1,2-dihydro-quinolines and the over reduced tetrahydroquinolines was obtained with the ratio over 4 ∶ 1. Besides, compared to the estab-lished methods, an easy operation without using large excess of chloroformate further enhances practicability of the method-ology.


Investigations were carried out for the biological control of Phytophthora nicotianae (citrus root rot) on two citrus rootstocks (Sour orange and Troyer citrange) transplanted in organic and conventional substrates, treated with the semi-commercial product Clonotri (Trichoderma harzianum and Clonostachys rosea) and Metalaxyl-M as a chemical control. Clonotri was more efficient than the chemical treatment increasing plant high and weight. Organic products (Chitosan, Quillaia, Equiseto and Clonotri) were evaluated for seed treatments as alternative to copper, for the control of P. nicotianae and Rhizoctonia solani during seed storage and germination. Clonotri (10, 20 ml/l), Chitosan (10 g/l) and Equiseto (20g/l) showed the best results. A standardization of the organic substrate based on Guanito fertilizer (poultry manure) was carried out on Sour orange and Troyer citrange seedlings and its use was also extended to Volkameriana lemon seedlings. The organic substrate with 1.5% (v/v) of Guanito was the best for the both rootstocks.