Corals microatolls are individual colonies of massive coral that have grown up to a level at which further upward growth is constrained by exposure at low tide, and which then continue to grow outwards, resulting in a flat-topped discoid morphology. Typically, microatolls comprise a single colony of massive Porites up to several metres in diameter. Modern microatolls are living on their outer margin but are predominantly dead on their upper surface. Microatolls are fixed biological sea-level indicators of the former upper limits to coral growth providing information on sea level at several temporal scales. Fossil microatolls have been used extensively to reconstruct broad patterns of Holocene sea-level trends in the Indo-Pacific reef province. Where they are preserved at a height above that of their living counterparts in the eastern Indian Ocean, Southeast Asia, northern Australia, and across much of the equatorial Pacific Ocean, they indicate that reef flats have experienced relatively higher sea levels in the mid- and late Holocene. Progressively lower corals have been interpreted to record the fall in sea level to its present position over millennial time scales. Large specimens of microatolls can reach several metres in diameter and contain a growth record of tens to hundreds of years; the upper surfaces of these can be used to track the pattern of sea-level variation over several decades. In this paper we explore the potential for using concentric annuli and subtle undulations preserved on microatoll upper surfaces to interpret sea-level changes over decadal to millennial time scales. We demonstrate that in the central Pacific modern microatolls preserve a surface morphology that reflects oscillations of sea level associated with El Nino. We evaluate the extent to which similar fluctuations may be recorded in the morphology of Indian Ocean microatolls, and the circumstances which promote the preservation of these morphological records of sea-level change over longer time scales. We discuss the potential to reconstruct extended records of sea-level change by using geochemical signatures preserved within microatoll skeletons to improve cross-correlations between colonies, and assess the precision with which sea level can be inferred.


We show that a single scattering treatment of photoelectron diffraction is sufficient to account for the observed azimuthal dependence of the intensity of the W (100) 4f 1/2 photoemission, even in low kinetic energy range for which bulk and surface emissions are well separated. We also demonstrate that replacing the exact f wave functions by an s one is quite hazardous even though it might give good results in some cases. Finally, in view of the agreement between experimental and theoretical results on the reconstruction of W (100), we can be optimistic in the use of photoelectron diffraction to study clean surface atom rearrangements On montre qu'il est suffisant de traiter la diffraction de photoelectrons dans un formalisme de diffusion simple pour rendre compte de la dependance azimutale observee de l'intensite photoemise par les niveaux 4f 7 /2 de W (100), et ce, meme dans la gamme des basses energies cinetiques pour lesquelles les emissions de volume et de surface sont bien separees. Consequences d'un remplacement des fonctions d'onde f par des fonctions s


Additional index words. Asteraceae, federally threatened, tissue culture, shoot production, auxin, cytokinin Abstract. Shoot tip and stem segment explants collected from greenhouse-maintained plants of Hymenoxys acaulis var. glabra were cultured in vitro for shoot initiation on a Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 30 g·L -1 sucrose, 2.5 µM BA, and 7 g·L -1 agar at a pH of 5.7. Unbranched shoot explants were subcultured to MS medium with 0.0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 or 8 µM BA for shoot proliferation. A maximum of 10.3 shoots per explant was produced on the medium with 2.0 µM BA. Nonrooted shoots were subcultured to MS medium with 0.0, 0.5, 2, or 8 µM K-IBA for rooting. Maximum rooting was 90% on MS medium with 0.5 µM K-IBA. Rooted shoots were greenhouse-acclimatized for 10 days. Overall survival was 75%. Chemical names used: 6-benzyl adenine (BA); potassium salt of indole-3-butyric acid (K-IBA).


The goal of this note is to prove, under some assumptions, a formula relating the Selmer groups of isogenous Galois representations. Local and global Euler-Poincaré characteristic formulas are key tools in the proof. With additional hypotheses, we use the isogeny formula to study how the formation of Selmer groups interacts with normalization of the coefficient ring and discuss how a main conjecture for a big Galois representation over a non-normal ring follows from a corresponding conjecture over the normalization. 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification: 11R23, 11R34


In this paper, we present a collaborative framework -- wikiBABEL -- for the efficient and effective creation of multilingual content by a community of users. The wikiBABEL framework leverages the availability of fairly stable content in a source language (typically, English) and a reasonable and not necessarily perfect machine translation system between the source language and a given target language, to create the rough initial content in the target language that is published in a collaborative platform. The platform provides an intuitive user interface and a set of linguistic tools for collaborative correction of the rough content by a community of users, aiding creation of clean content in the target language. We describe the architectural components implementing the wikiBABEL framework, namely, the systems for source and target language content management, mechanisms for coordination and collaboration and intuitive user interface for multilingual editing and review. Importantly, we discuss the integrated linguistic resources and tools, such as, bilingual dictionaries, machine translation and transliteration systems, etc., to help the users during the content correction and creation process. In addition, we analyze and present the prime factors -- user-interface features or linguistic tools and resources -- that significantly influence the user experiences in multilingual content creation.
 In addition to the creation of multilingual content, another significant motivation for the wikiBABEL framework is the creation of parallel corpora as a by-product. Parallel linguistic corpora are very valuable resources for both Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) and Crosslingual Information Retrieval (CLIR) research, and may be mined effectively from multilingual data with significant content overlap, as may be created in the wikiBABEL framework. Creation of parallel corpora by professional translators is very expensive, and hence the SMT and CLIR research have been largely confined to a handful of languages. Our attempt to engage the large and diverse Internet user population may aid creation of such linguistic resources economically, and may make computational linguistics research possible and practical in many languages of the world.


The invention relates to a refrigerator with shelf lighting comprising a refrigerator main body having a storage room, at least one shelf provided inside of the storage room, a light source provided at a rear end of the shelf, a power supply provided at a rear of the storage room, the power supply supplying power to the light source, and a light guide plate provided at the at least one shelf. The light guide plate may guide light of the light source to a front of the shelf. Accordingly, it is possible to reduce a length of an electric wire connecting the light source to the power supply and prevent the occurrence of glare caused by direct lighting.


Introduction: Titan, the largest satellite of Saturn, is the only satellite in the solar system with a dense atmosphere. The close and continuous observations of Titan by the Cassini spacecraft, in orbit around Saturn since July 2004, bring us evidences that Titan tropo-sphere and low stratosphere experience an exotic, but complete meteorological cycle similar to the Earth hy-drological cycle, with hydrocarbons evaporation, con-densation in clouds, and rainfall. Cassini monitoring campaigns also demonstrate that Titan's cloud cover-age and climate vary with latitude. Titan's tropics, with globally weak meteorological activity and widespread dune fields, seem to be slightly more arid than the poles, where extensive and numerous liquid reservoirs and sustained cloud activity were discovered. Only a few tropospheric clouds have been observed at Titan's tropics during the southern summer [1-4]. As equinox was approaching (in August 2009), they oc-curred more frequently and appeared to grow in strength and size [5-7]. VIMS observations: We present here the observa-tion of intense brightening at Titan's tropics, very close to the equinox. These detections were conducted with the Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer [8] (VIMS) onboard Cassini. Figure 1 presents the VIMS color composite images of the three individual events detected so far, observed during the Titan's flybys T56 (22 May 2009), T65 (13 January 2010) and T70 (21 June 2010). T56, T65 and T70 observations show an intense and transient brightening of large regions very close to the equator, right over the extensive dune fields of Senkyo, Belet and Sangria-La. They all appear spectrally and morphologically different from all tran-sient surface features or atmospheric phenomena pre-viously reported. Indeed, these events share in particu-lar a strong brightening at wavelengths greater than 2 µm (especially at 5 µm), making them spectrally dis-tinct from the small tropical clouds observed before the equinox [1,3,7] and the large storms observed near the equator in September and October 2010 [6]. Discussion: In this paper, we will discuss the pos-sibility that these singular events may have occurred very close to the surface, having a strong link with the underlying dune fields. Radiative transfer calculations indeed show that these singular brightenings are due to the transient appearance of an additional atmospheric layer, confined at very low altitudes and loaded with few but large particles. Gathering all the observational and modeling constraints, we conclude that the most probable explanation for these events is the local and transient occurrence of huge dust storms, directly orig-inating from the underlying dune fields. We will also discuss the possible implications of the equinoctial occurrence of such events for Titan's tropical wind regimes and for the present-day activity of equatorial dunes.


Antiradical and antimicrobial activity of leaf extract of  Hoya wightii Hook.f. and Hoya  ovalifolia Wight & Arn. was screened in this study. Antibacterial and antifungal activity of leaf extracts was determined by Agar well diffusion and Poisoned food technique respectively. Antiradical activity was evaluated by DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays. The content of total phenolics was estimated by Folin Ciocalteau reagent method. Extract of H. ovalifolia displayed marked antiradical and antimicrobial activity when compared to extract of H. wightii. Phenolic content was found to be higher in H. ovalifolia . A positive correlation was observed between the phenolic content and antiradical activity of extracts.


The function of the model is the staging of network development. The purpose of this model is essentially to accept information on possible paths of development of the transportation network and then to identify optimal paths for such development. The problem is basically one of finding the optimal path through a network in which the vertices correspond to different states of the transportation system at various future times, and the connecting arcs correspond to possible state changes from one time period to the next. An algorithm for the automatic generation and classification of all possible graphs which might be defined on any given number of vertices. The motivation for this is to provide an exhaustive list of all the distinct network structures of transportation systems which might be used to connect any given number of vertices representing urban areas.


Thirteen new, stable, push–pull systems featuring dimethylamino and pyrazine-2,3-dicarbonitrile moieties as the donor and acceptor, respectively, and systematically extended and varied π-linkers were prepared and investigated. Evaluation of the measured UV/Vis spectra, electrochemical data (cyclic voltammetry, rotating disc voltammetry, and polarography), X-ray data, and experimentally determined and calculated hyperpolarizability values enabled structure–property studies; these revealed some important structural features that affected the efficiency of intramolecular charge-transfer and nonlinear optical properties in this class ofheterocyclic push–pull chromophores. The charge-transfer transition was most significantly affected by structuralfeatures such as π-linker length, chromophore planarity, and the number of 1,4-phenylene/ethynylene subunits in the π-linker.


To the Editor. —Each of the first three articles in the September 1982 issue (Archives1982;39:533, 534-539, and 540-544) commented that no specific medical therapy for human neurocysticercosis is available. However, the new drug praziquantel has recently been found in many cases to be effective against live (as opposed to calcified) cysticerci in the brain. 1-4 Two other reports of the successful treatment of cysticercosis in humans need to be evaluated. 5,6 One of them is particularly interesting: it states that 96% of 500 patients with cysticercosis of the CNS showed good to excellent improvement after specific radioimmunotheraphy. 5 Should these results be confirmed in an independent investigation, this method of treatment would represent a revolutionary advance in the treatment of cerebral cysticercosis.


Following the advent of the Internet more and more processes are provided virtually, i.e., without physical interactions between involved people and objects. For instance, E-Commerce has virtualized shopping processes since products are bought without physical inspection and interaction with sales staff. This study is founded on the key idea of process virtualization theory (PVT) that from the users' perspective not all processes are equally amenable for virtualization. We investigate characteristics of processes, which are causing users' resistance toward the virtualized process. Surveying 501 individuals regarding 10 processes, this study constitutes the first quantitative test evaluating the prediction capabilities of PVT by analysis of varying processes. Moreover, it introduces and successfully tests the extended PVT (EPVT), which integrates PVT with multiple, related constructs from extant literature in a unified model with multi-order causal relations. Thereby, it clearly enhances our understanding of human behavior with regard to the frequent phenomenon process virtualization.


The last major phases of lunar volcanism occurred mainly in Oceanus Procellarum and Mare Imbrium and produced spectrally unique medium‐ and high‐titanium basalts. The composition and distribution of these basalts provide a record of the late stage thermal evolution of the Moon. To study the spectral and mineralogical variations of the late stage mare basalts, 31 distinct units were mapped employing a range of remote sensing data. Their inferred mineralogical characteristics were studied by analyzing the spectral features of small, fresh craters derived from the Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3) data. The strongest olivine spectral signatures were found around Lichtenberg crater, while the units with the lowest olivine/pyroxene ratio occurred mainly in the southern Kepler crater and some local areas. In Oceanus Procellarum, the olivine/pyroxene ratio decreases progressively from the Lichtenberg crater to the southern units. The northern and southern units within Mare Imbrium have higher olivine/pyroxene ratios than the central ones. The inferred abundance of olivine appears to vary stratigraphically, with the younger flows being more olivine rich. However, the stratigraphically younger units around Euler crater in Mare Imbrium, which present as dark red hues in the integrated band depth image of M3, were found to have lower olivine/pyroxene ratios than the units around Lichtenberg crater (shown as light red hues) in Oceanus Procellarum. It could be interpreted that the late stage mare basalts around Lichtenberg crater originated from a more olivine‐rich source than those around Euler crater.


The primary aim of IoT-enabled intelligent transportation is to administer and resolve the issues people confront for the improved transportation system. Technological advancement is an emerging domain because it reduces transportation challenges and makes machine-to-machine communication rapid and easy. The recent expansion in the IoT field provides a significant production perspective during a requirement specification. The existing requirement specification practices of IoT-enabled intelligent transportation systems must be utilized intelligently to comply with the challenges. To overcome these challenging problems, this article presents an inclusive survey of the difficulties relating to the requirements specifications of IoT-enabled transportation systems. The challenges of IoT-enabled intelligent transportation systems in the context of requirements specifications are assessed using specific evaluation criteria (e.g., parameters). This article proposes a clear enhanced framework for the specification of IoT-enabled intelligent transportation systems using a unified approach that extends our previous system. Initially, we reviewed the existing requirement specification work, identified and recognized the challenges, and highlighted how to deal with the difficulties in developing IoT-enabled intelligent transportation systems. The proposed framework is based on integrating proven techniques reported for similar applications. The prosed framework is applied to a specific case study of transportation systems. Moreover, a simple comparative analysis is also carried out based on identified evaluation parameters.


Methods of digital image compression have been the subject of research over the past decade. Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Wavelet Packet Transform (WPT) have emerged as a popular technique for image compression. This paper compares Compression Ratio, Energy Ratio, Mean Square Error, and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio at different Threshold values for decomposition level 2 both for DWT and WPT.


The general position number of a graph $G$ is the size of the largest set of vertices $S$ such that no geodesic of $G$ contains more than two elements of $S$. The monophonic position number of a graph is defined similarly, but with `induced path' in place of `geodesic'. In this paper we investigate some extremal problems for these parameters. Firstly we discuss the problem of the smallest possible order of a graph with given general and monophonic position numbers, with applications to a realisation result. We then solve a Turan problem for the size of graphs with given order and position numbers and characterise the possible diameters of graphs with given order and monophonic position number. Finally we classify the graphs with given order and diameter and largest possible general position number.


The application of the A‐B dislocation etch to the delineation of interfaces in III‐V compounds is described. The etchant is easy to use and has worked on all III‐V compounds tested to date.


The study of rotifer samples from 17 localities in the Guasare-Limon River Basin, westem Lake Maracaibo Basin, Venezuela, yielded a systematic list of 93 taxa. Of these, 30 species and three genera are new records for the Lake Maracaibo Basin. The genera Lecane and Brachionus were the most diverse, together representing half of those on record. The rotifer fauna in this region is composed of cosmopolitan (54.22%), pantropical or neotropical (30.12 %) and thermophilous taxa (16.86 %).


As a vital part of autonomous driving, vehicle detection, especially for outdoor small target vehicles, has attracted great attention from researchers during recent years. To ameliorate the difficulty in accurately identifying outdoor small vehicle targets in dense environments, this paper proposes a new structure named YOLO-SSFS, in which SPD-Conv, a small target detection layer (STDL), the Improved Feature Pyramid Network structure (IM-FPN), and the SCYLLA-IoU (SIoU) loss function are introduced. Firstly, the multi-scale fusion module of the original algorithm is improved by adding a detection layer for smaller targets. This detection layer preserves shallow semantic information, which helps to refine the algorithm's detection accuracy for small targets. Then, a new Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) building block named SPD-Conv is constructed to replace the pooling layers and convolutional layers in the YOLOv5 algorithm, which reduces information loss, ensures the original fine-grained details of the image and improves the learning ability. Afterwards, a new FPN structure is created to retain more information conducive to small target detection during the feature fusion process so as to enhance the robustness of the method. Finally, to speed up the convergence of the loss function, the SIoU loss function is introduced to replace Complete-IoU (CIoU) in the original algorithm. In order to verify the authenticity of the improved algorithm, we conduct a series of experiments on the VisDrone dataset and perform comparative analyses of the results. The results obtained demonstrate that compared with the original YOLOv5, the proposed model performs better in small target detection. The mean average precision (mAP) is 83.07%, which is 7.63% higher than that for YOLOv5, while the detection speed reaches 52 frames per second (FPS), meeting the requirements for real-time detection.


Received: 12/3/2020 Accepted: 28/3/2020 Porous carbon material is one of the most common and very important for various applications thank to its high surface area and adsorption capability. In this study, mesoporous carbon was prepared by thermal decomposition of copper-based metal-organic framework MOF-199 under inert atmosphere and followed by immersing in diluted HNO3 solution in order to remove metal/metal oxide and activation of the resultant porous carbon. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that as-prepared material remained intact octahedral morphology of pre-pyrolysis MOF structure, and product has spongy structure with specific surface area of 375 m/g as measured using N2 adsorption isotherm (BET), which can be employed as an effective adsorbent.


A support.Elle structure refers to a support structure which comprises at least two support portions offset in the vehicle transverse direction, the first part being a bearing sleeve carried by a spindle (6 ) forming a pivot and connected to the vehicle frame (2) and the second part being a movable extension portion in a bearing formed in the first support portion which is the support sleeve. The carrier having the two parts can pivot between a parking position in which the two parts are inclined towards the side of the vehicle which is furthest from the pin (6) forming a pivot, and at least one operating position which has an inclination opposee.Application to timber transport vehicles and containers.


The nature of crystals in tissues of Lignac‐Fanconi's disease has been investigated with the help of pure tyrosinase, by thermoanalysis, by determination of refractive indices and by the ultraviolet spectra. It was conclusively shown that tyrosine crystals were absent in all examined sections. Our findings are consistent with the crystals consisting only of L‐cystine.


The information about their virtual format if this is relevant. This information should include, Supreme committee, Organization committee, Scientific Committee, Media committee and this titles are available in this pdf.


OBJECTIVE: A favorable quality of life (QoL) is important in children with chronic disease, and it reflects successful disease management. The aim of our study was to evaluate QoL and its association with clinical parameters in pediatric patients with familial Mediterranean fever (FMF). METHODS: The Kinder Lebensqualität Fragebogen (KINDL®) questionnaires (kiddy: 4–7 years; kid: 8–16 years) for children and the proxy version for parents were implemented as a QoL measure. A total of 171 FMF patients, 69 healthy peers and their parents were enrolled in the study. RESULTS: The KINDL QoL scores of the FMF patients were significantly lower than their healthy peers. The physical and emotional well-being KINDL QoL scores of the FMF children were significantly lower than their healthy peers (p=0.017 and p=0.020, respectively). In the evaluation of the KINDL QoL scores between the kiddy and kid groups, only the self-esteem score was higher in the kiddy group (p=0.004), and the school functioning scores were higher in the kid group (p=0.002). The scores in the physical well-being and disease module had significant differences between patients who were adherent and those who were non-adherent to colchicine therapy (p=0.042 and p=0.047, respectively). The scores in the physical well-being and disease module were significantly higher in patients with fewer attacks than those who had many attacks per year (p=0.004 and p=0.014, respectively). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that FMF patients have significantly impaired QoL. The irregular use of colchicine and more frequent attacks affect QoL even more. A QoL assessment with multidisciplinary follow-up and control of the disease activity are essential, and if necessary, individualized support should be given to patients.


Traditional Wisdom.- Traditional Wisdom in Urban Development in Ancient China.- Clash of Civilizations is not a Fatality: Viewpoint of Geography.- Were There in the Japanese Language Originally Equivalents to the Words "Environment" and "Nature"?.- The Environment.- Nature and Society in Protected Areas: Can Development, Conservation, and Local Livelihoods Co-exist?.- Plural Knowledges and Modernity: Social Difference and Geographical Explanations.- No Going Back: The Political Implications of Ecological Novelty.- The Great East Japan Earthquake.- The 2011 Tohoku Disaster: Unexpected Earthquake and Forgotten Tsunami.- The Ecological Infra-structure as a Basis of the Reconstruction Plan for the Great East Japan Earthquake.- National Reconstruction Ground Design as Dual Recovery Strategy of Post-Disaster and Pre-Disaster Recoveries in Japan.


This paper provides a neighborhood‐specific study of the social effects of poor sanitation in a poor neighborhood in a developing country city, Accra. It examines the challenges of rapid urbanization with respect to sanitation and waste management, and the burdens placed on poor urban residents in Sabon Zongo, a poor community in Accra. Like many poor communities in Accra and other large Ghanaian cities, residents of Sabon Zongo unable to queue and pay for sanitation services tend to package their liquid and solid waste in plastic bags and dump them indiscriminately within the community. The paper argues that the inability of city authorities to deal with sanitation and waste management in the poor urban community of Sabon Zongo go beyond the much discussed issue of health. This is because the inadequacy of sanitation and waste management in this particular poor urban settlement also has social implications. The paper concludes that while slums and poor urban communities may exhibit certain similar characteristics, they are not homogenous. Neighborhood‐specific research such as the present study on Sabon Zongo offers opportunities for analyzing and understanding the internal dynamics, and the key stakeholders at the community level – critical conditions for tapping into the energies of residents toward addressing the challenges of sanitation and waste management in poor urban communities in Accra.


We show that the classical capacity of quantum states, as quantified by its ability to perform dense coding, respects an exclusion principle, for arbitrary pure or mixed three-party states in any dimension. This states that no two bipartite states which are reduced states of a common tripartite quantum state can have simultaneous quantum advantage in dense coding. The exclusion principle is robust against noise. Such principle also holds for arbitrary number of parties. This exclusion principle is independent of the content and distribution of entanglement in the multipartite state. We also find a strict monogamy relation for multi-port classical capacities of multi-party quantum states in arbitrary dimensions. In the scenario of two senders and a single receiver, we show that if two of them wish to send classical information to a single receiver independently, then the corresponding dense coding capacities satisfy the monogamy relation, similar to the one for quantum correlations.


ABSTRACT Field observations indicate that Euphorbia cotinifolia escapes attack by leaf cutting ants, which are the largest generalist herbivores of the Neotropics. We used controlled bioassays to evaluate the effect of E. cotinifolia on the foraging of the Atta cephalotes ant. In a free-choice trial, to five colonies were offered Mangifera indica leaves with a 10% aqueous E. cotinifolia extract, leaves with distilled water and untreated leaves. The carrying time and leaf area consumed were determined over a five-hour period. The effect of E. cotinifolia on the development of the symbiotic fungus on three sets of five colonies fed the leaves of this plant were compared to the controls fed M. indica and oat flakes, and the effect of the addition of extracts on the culture medium used for the symbiotic fungus isolation was evaluated. Euphorbia leaf consumption was lower than that of the other diets; its consumption as the exclusive foraging resource significantly affected the symbiotic fungus, resulting in changes in colour and texture and an 83.57% decrease in volume that occasionally caused 100% mortality. Although the aqueous extract of E. cotinifolia is not a phagodeterrent for foraging workers, it is evident that E. cotinifolia is not a preferred resource for A. cephalotes due to the negative effect on the growth and viability of the symbiotic fungus.


Epileptic encephalopathies affect around one in 2000 children and often receive supportive treatment.Therefore, novel strategies to improve their overall neurological outcome are needed. Dravet syndrome (DS) is a genetic condition that is primarily associated with loss-of-function mutations in SCN1A, encoding for voltage-gated sodium channels and resulting in loss of action firing in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic interneurons [1]. By contrast, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) has a relatively heterogeneous etiology: in 65–75% of patients, the cause is identifiable (genetic, structural, or metabolic) but unknown in others [1].Patients withthese syndromes are typically refractory to treatment except occasional, short remission periods. Data deriving from new studies have suggested the use as an antiepileptic drug of an old drug like fenfluramine (FFA) which was previously used as an appetite suppressant [2]. Moreover, cannabidiol (CBD) has some evidence of efficacy and an adequate safety profile when used as adjunctive therapy in children and young adults with treatment-resistant epilepsies, including LGS and DS [3,4].We herein focuson available data about the use of FFA and CBD, discussing the most solid clinical evidence supporting their use as medications in LGS and DS.


Various types of technologies have been referenced widely in research on international business, including information technology (IT) and information communication technology (ICT). Studies so far have focused on the relationship between IT factors and business benefits. However, relatively little attention has been paid to the effect of ICT on countries' logistic performances. To fill this gap, we addressed the research question, "What is the impact of ICT on global logistic performance?" In this paper, we examined the influence of ICT penetration on countries' logistic performance using Logistic Performance Index from the World Bank.


This paper presents some approaches to optimization problems for beam line design. The matrix formalism for Lie algebraic tools is put in to these approaches. This allows to use all advantages of symbolic presentation of desired knowledge and create effective and flexible optimization procedures. 1 THE PROPAGATOR FOR BEAM DYNAMICS


This review discusses an exhibition of abstract paintings and sculptures by the Melbourne artist Craig Easton at Ryan Renshaw Gallery in Brisbane, 10=30 August, 2007.


The invention discloses equipment for purifying trichlorosilane. The equipment is a first rectifying and purifying device and used for conducting first rectifying and purifying treatment on trichlorosilane so as to obtain purified trichlorosilane and first rectifying residual liquid, wherein the first rectifying and purifying device consists of a first rectifying tower, a second rectifying tower and a third rectifying tower which are connected in series, the rectifying of the first rectifying tower is conducted at the temperature of 60-100DEG C and the pressure of 0.2MPa according to the reflux ratio of (10-50):1; the rectifying of the second rectifying tower is conducted at the temperature of 100-140DEG C and the pressure of 0.5MPa according to the reflux ratio of (20-50):1; the rectifying of the third rectifying tower is conducted at the temperature of 60-80DEG C and the pressure of 0.2MPa according to the reflux ratio of (20-50):1. The equipment can be utilized for effectively purifying the trichlorosilane, and is simple, safe, energy-saving and environment-friendly and low-cost in technique, the purity of the purified trichlorosilane is high, the purified trichlorosilane can be effectively utilized for producing polycrystalline silicon, and the produced waste liquor can be recycled.


This paper describes the structures of the ±100kV multi gap multi channel gas switch. The self breakdown performance of ten switches is introduced. A test bed for synchronous discharge is established. Ten switches are arranged in parallel, and then the synchronous discharge is carried out. The cases with different switching coefficients are analyzed. Two types of trigger isolating water resistors are used in the test. The experimental result indicates that 110kA output current with 100ns rise time can be achieved when the switches are filled with 0.16MPa nitrogen, and charged to ±65kV.


A protein secondary structure motif. Amino acids are arranged in a right-handed rod like structure stabilized by hydrogen bonds between the C=O and the N-H groups of the main chain. Types include:alpha-helix, 3.10 helix and pi-helix.


Rationale: Digital infection is a common disease in clinic, featured by pain and swelling of digits. As far as we know, no article has reported a case of digital infected by Morganella morganii. Patient concerns: A 58-year-old Chinese female complains about whitlow with pain and swelling for 2 weeks. She has a history of diabetes for 10 years. She received incision and drainage before coming to our hospital and preoperative X-ray of left ring finger presented no bone eroded. Diagnosis: She is diagnosed with infection of ring finger caused by M morganii in our hospital. Interventions: We perform aggressive operative debridement and drainage firstly. Meanwhile, we provide tissue samples for diagnosis and the result indicates M morganii infection. Then, she is treated with anti-infection therapy and regulation of diabetes. However, 1 week after first surgery, her condition deteriorate presenting bone erosion in distal phalanx of ring finger from X-ray. Considering severity of illness, we decide to perform digital amputation. Outcomes: At 3-month follow-up, the patient has a satisfactory result and X-ray shows no bone eroded. Lessons: Clinicians should consider M morganii, which is rare in hand infection, as a cause of digital infection. This case reminds us that some whitlow is dangerous, amputation should be considered if necessary.


Odontogenic cutaneous fistula is commonly misdiagnosed by practitioners, leading to incorrect and unnecessary treatment. Here, we present two cases. Case 1 involved an eight-year-old intact male Maltese with a submandibular cutaneous abscess following 2 weeks of antibiotic treatment who was later diagnosed, using dental radiography, with odontogenic cutaneous fistula. Case 2 involved an eight-year-old neutered female Maltese with a submandibular cutaneous nodule and general skin problems following 6 months of oral antibiotics and a history of surgical intervention who was finally diagnosed, using dental radiography and computed tomography, with an odontogenic cutaneous fistula that resolved completely following tooth extraction. These two cases highlight the importance of odontogenic infection in the differential diagnosis of typical lesions in the head and neck.


Until now, computer vision and machine learning techniques barely contributed to the archaeological domain. The use of these techniques can support archaeologists in their assessment and classification of archaeological finds. The paper illustrates the use of computer vision techniques for archaeology with two examples: (1) a content-based image retrieval system for historical glass and (2) an automatic system for medieval coin classification. The content-based image retrieval system automatically finds artifact drawings in a reference collection that are most similar to a photograph or drawing of an excavated historical glass. The similarity measurements are based on the outer shape contours of the artifacts. The system can speed up the process of classifying historical glass, and make it more objective and controllable. The coin classification system will be trained on a collection of Dutch early-medieval coins. For this system, we present preliminary results on modern coin data.


while the Russian part has been determined by the sense of territorial loss and nationalist tendencies of religious and military associations committed to preserving the sacred Russian land. The Chinese co-opt the Russian cultural elements and emblems into their border economy, while Russia puts stress on national sovereignty by territorializing the Amur River as Russian (p. 220). Different cultures of capitalism inform exchanges on the border, including in farming, jade trade and sea fishing. The ethnic Hezhe on the Chinese side benefit from investments and development opportunities while their kin group Nanai in Russia lag behind. Finally, the themes of nationalism and sovereignty are key in the contrasting urban borderscapes. Blagoveshchensk appears as quintessentially Russian unlike culturally liminal Manzhouli and Heihe, with their supersized matryoshka dolls, alluring city lights and glitzy high-rise towers. The recent completion of the Amur (Heilongjiang) bridge shows that the mutual fears and mistrust have been put aside for now. Yet, the collective feelings and competing sovereignty conceptions underlying Chinese and Russian divergent border strategies and views of each other remain strong and are likely to resurface in unpredictable ways. The book should interest scholars of international politics and Chinese and Russian studies, as well as the general reader keen to understand what lies beneath the apparently friendly relations between Russia and China.


Research work on the investigation of multivariate relations between mineral element concentrations in wheat grain and parameters of baking quality were carried out on grain samples derived from official variety trials in Germany and Great Britain. The research yielded the following main results:

–the grain sulphur concentration is an important influencing parameter for the performance of wheat flour during baking process and thus also a major discriminating factor among mutually exclusive quality categories for wheat varieties;

–from a set of mineral element concentrations in the grain (N, P, S, K, Ca, Cl, Si) the loaf volume can be predicted with higher probability than by any other rapid test (e.g. Falling Number or Sedimentation volume). By combination of NIR- and X-RF-spectroscopy together this elements can be determined with a high accuracy, repeatability and reproducibility in a fairly short time (< 5 minutes).


3 Abstract: Measuring testability early in the development life cycle considerably reduces the overall development cost, effort and rework. It is very expensive and error prone decision to correct the design to get better testability after the coding has started. This paper proposes a testability measurement framework for object oriented software concerning at design phase. This framework correlates the testability factor with object oriented design properties and also correlates design properties with object oriented design metrics. No such framework has been presented in the literature that accurately measure testability of object oriented software taking design phase into consideration. The proposed framework reduces the gap between object oriented design properties, metrics and testability. This framework measures effort in measuring testability of object oriented software early at design phase and makes it possible to produce reliable end product within time and budget.


List of Illustrations vi Preface to the First Edition (2003) vii Preface to the Second Edition ix Abbreviations x Introduction Anglo-Saxon England and Its Literature: A Social History 1 1 The Chronology and Varieties of Old English Literature 42 2 Anglo-Saxon Manuscripts 58 3 Literature of the Alfredian Period 83 4 Homilies 112 5 Saints Legends (Rachel S. Anderson) 133 6 Biblical Literature 157 7 Liturgical and Devotional Texts 177 8 Legal Texts 211 9 Scientific and Scholastic Texts 227 10 Wisdom Literature and Lyric Poetry 241 11 Germanic Legend and Heroic Lay 278 12 Additions, Annotations, and Marginalia 329 Conclusion Making Old English New: Anglo-Saxonism and the Cultural Work of Old English Literature 354 Works Cited 367 Index 481


This brief was funded by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Office of Planning, Research, and Evaluation. The authors wish to acknowledge Laura Wandner and Meagan McSwiggan for their contributions in tabling results and fact checking for this research brief. The authors also wish to thank Ivelisse Martinez-Beck and Martha Zaslow for their review of drafts of the brief and for their helpful comments.


The paper examines the possible explanations for deviations from purchasing power parity (PPP) between Canada and the United States in the 1980s and 1990s and investigates both the productivity effect and the underlying PPP assumption for tradable goods.


The hydrocarbon potential and paleodepositional environment of Cretaceous sediments from the Borno Basin, Nigeria, were assessed by Rock-eval pyrolysis and biomarker geochemistry. The Total Organic Carbon (TOC), soluble organic matter (SOM) and genetic potential (GP) values ranged from 0.52 – 0.82wt%, 455.64 – 1003.04 ppm and 0.23 – 0.63 mg/g, respectively. These values suggested that the sediments were moderately rich in organic matter. The Hydrogen Index (HI) values (19 – 85 mgHC/gTOC) and cross plots of Hydrogen Index (HI) versus Oxygen Index (OI), classified the sediments as types 111 and IV organic matter which had potential o to generate mainly gas. The T and Production Index (PI) values ranged from 339 – 436oC and 0.08 – 0.32 max while the Production Index (PI) ranged from 0.08 – 0.32, respectively, suggesting low maturity. Biomarker data revealed the presence of C 27  to C 29  steranes and oleanane which indicated organic matter from mixed sources with  more terrigenous contribution. The dominance of C 29   over C 28 and C 27 also supported higher terrigenous input. , Various thermal maturity parameters computed from the terpanes and steranes distributions in the sediments indicated low thermal maturity. The C 35 /C 31 – C 35 Homohopane index and Pr/Ph values ranged from 0.06-0.24  and 0.23 – 2.52 respectively. These values suggested organic matter deposited under anoxic to suboxic conditions. The results of this study showed that the sediments had potential to generate mainly gas at appropriate thermal maturity. Keywords : Bornu Basin, Biomarkers, Hydrocarbon Potential, Paleodepositional Environment


T he purpose of my presentation today is to discuss the concept of negentropy expressed by Nicolaus of Cusa in the his book "On the Vision of God," so that we might better master the ideas necessary to reverse the entropy which will otherwise engulf America by the year 2000, if not earlier. In a recent paper entitled "The Challenge for the Human Race: A Mission Task Orientation to Develop Science Beyond Its Current Limits," Lyndon H . LaRouche, Jr. wrote: I suggest that we look at the famous work by Nicolaus of Cusa, his "On the Vision of God." Cusanus reaches the same definition of what I have called negentropy as I defined in 1952. That is, the notion, for example, in an eco nomic process, that a viable economic process is one in which the per capita and per hectare or per square kilometer energy of the system, that is, of the economic social repro ductive system, is increasing, but that at the same time, the Cardinal Nicolaus ofCusa courtesy of Dr. Helmut Gestrich


The patient presented with a one-year history of sawing trauma of the right hand, causing deep cut wounds at the tip of the first up to the fourth fingers. Conventional radiographs revealed no abnormalities. Exploration of the second finger showed damage of the tendon of the deep flexor muscle and complete section of the radial neurovascular bundle. A reconstruction of the injured tendon and nerve was performed. The patient then manifested an extension deficit of the distal interphalangeal joint of the right index. Ten months later, the patient complained of pain and swelling of this joint. Conventional radiographs of the index were taken. Imaging Findings:


S of the 61 Annual Meeting of the Society of Thrombosis and Hemostasis Research 15-18 February 2017 Basel, Switzerland Role of platelet factor 4 (PF4) and anti-PF4/polyanion IgG in human platelet FcγRIIA mediated anti-bacterial activity R. Palankar, T. Kohler, N. Medvedev, J. Wesche, K. Krauel, S. Hammerschmidt, A. Greinacher (Greifswald, Germany) Vascular Wall, Platelets and Acquired Problems 16.02.2017, 14:00 15:15 Objective: Platelets contribute to innate immunity by interacting directly and indirectly with bacteria. Here we addressed the role of the chemokine platelet factor 4 (PF4), anti-PF4/Heparin (H) IgG and human platelet FcγRIIA in bacterial recognition and killing. Methods: Planar and biomimetic bacteria-like micropatterns functionalized with IgG, heat aggregated IgG (HAG) and PF4+anti-PF4/H IgG immune complexes were prepared using lithography. E. coli wild-type BW30270 and mutants KPM53 (ΔwaaC)/KPM121 (ΔwaaA) expressing truncated lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were micropatterned as live bacteria arrays. These E.coli show PF4-binding activity (WT<ΔwaaC<ΔwaaA). Platelet adhesion, morphodynamics and activation on ligand functionalized micropatterns and on bacterial killing on micropatterns were assessed in the presence or absence of FcγRIIA, αIIbβ3 blockers and cytoskeletal inhibitors. Calcium mobilization, quantitative fluorescence microscopy and platelet-bacteria coculture experiments were performed. Results: Platelets adhered on planar micropatterns functionalized with IgG [% area covered 60.23 % ±13.1 mean (SD)], HAG [83.41 % ±11.36] and PF4 + anti-PF4/H IgG [74.41 % ±10.2]. FcγRIIA blocking mAb IV.3 reduced (P < 0.0001) platelet adhesion on IgG [3.39% ±3.35], HAG [11.41%±3.96] and PF4 + anti-PF4/H IgG [5 % ± 2.89]. Similarly, blocking of αIIbβ3 or the use of cytochalasin D and blebbistatin reduced platelet adhesion and spreading on these micropatterns. Similar results were obtained on functionalized bacteria-like microbead arrays. In the presence of anti-PF4/H IgG, platelets were able to kill E.coli strains within two hours, directly dependent on the bacterial PF4 binding capacity (up to 65.4 ± 6.3% killing rate), which was inhibited by mAb IV.3 blocking FcγRIIA (P < 0.005). Conclusion: The chemokine PF4 not only binds to polyanion such as heparin but it can also bind to polyanions on bacteria, thereby enabling opsonization by anti-PF4/H IgG, which in turn mediates killing of E. coli via platelet FcγRIIA. Because PF4 binds to both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, preformed anti-PF4/polyanion IgG can recognize bacterial pathogens the host may not have encountered before. Moreover, the role of PF4 and anti-PF4/Polyanion IgG in FcγRIIA mediated platelet anti-bacterial activity shows bridging of innate and adaptive immune system by platelets and may be relevant in controlling bacterial infections. Congress President GTH 2017 Prof. Dr. med. Johanna A. Kremer Hovinga, Inselspital, 3010 Bern firstname.lastname@example.com Congress Organisation: Meister ConCept GmbH, Bahnhofstrasse 55, CH-5001 Aarau T +41 62 836 20 90, F +41 62 836 20 97, email@example.com ABSTRACTS of the 61 Annual Meeting of the Society of Thrombosis and Hemostasis Research 15-18 February 2017 Basel, SwitzerlandS of the 61 Annual Meeting of the Society of Thrombosis and Hemostasis Research 15-18 February 2017 Basel, Switzerland Platelet activation and aggregation provoked by Staphylococcus aureus secreted proteins U. Binsker, J. Wesche, R. Palankar, T. P. Kohler, J. Prucha, B. Bröker, U. Mamat, J. Pané-Farré, F. Schmidt, A. Greinacher, S. Hammerschmidt (Greifswald, Germany, Borstel, Germany) Vascular Wall, Platelets and Acquired Problems 16.02.2017, 14:00 15:15 Objective: Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic human pathogen provoking a wide range of severe community-acquired and nosocomial infections amongst others infective endocarditis (IE) and disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC). Both clinical manifestations constitute an uncontrolled activation of both platelets and coagulation cascade resulting in thrombocytopenia. S. aureus platelet interactions occur either directly or indirectly via recruitment of serum components. Bacterial factors inducing platelet activation or aggregation are mostly secreted proteins possessing ECM binding activity. Methods: Fifty-six recombinant secreted or surface-localized staphylococcal proteins were screened for their capacity to activate platelets, measured by the activation markers P-selectin and αIIbβ3 conformation, using whole blood, platelet-rich-plasma (PRP), and washed platelets in buffer from a constant set of donors. Micropattern protein array (MiPA) chips were functionalized with His6-tagged staphylococcal proteins to assess the interactions on a single cell level. Real-time calcium mobilization assay, single platelet imaging and P-selectin expression were used to detect platelet activation. Results: This study confirmed the potential of the SERAM (secretable expanded repertoire adhesive molecules) protein Eap to induce platelet activation and aggregation. In addition, this study further identified the chemotaxis inhibitory protein CHIPS, the formyl peptide receptor-like 1 inhibitory protein FLIPr, all involved in immune evasion, as well as the major autolysin Atl as potent platelet activators. Furthermore, the domains of Atl and the extracellular adherence protein (Eap), responsible for platelet activation could be narrowed down. MiPa chips enabled to follow platelet activation by the candidates at single platelet level. Likewise, platelet aggregation activity of these candidates in whole blood could be determined. Conclusion: Taken together, this study identified two members of the SERAM family (Eap and Atl) and two additionally secreted proteins of S. aureus as platelet activators and aggregators. These results emphasize the importance and diversity of S. aureus-platelet interactions. Interestingly, Atl and Eap were also shown to interact with the platelet-derived protein thrombospondin-1 (Kohler et al., 2014, Hussain et al., 2008). Congress President GTH 2017 Prof. Dr. med. Johanna A. Kremer Hovinga, Inselspital, 3010 Bern firstname.lastname@example.com Congress Organisation: Meister ConCept GmbH, Bahnhofstrasse 55, CH-5001 Aarau T +41 62 836 20 90, F +41 62 836 20 97, firstname.lastname@example.com ABSTRACTS of the 61 Annual Meeting of the Society of Thrombosis and Hemostasis Research 15-18 February 2017 Basel, SwitzerlandS of the 61 Annual Meeting of the Society of Thrombosis and Hemostasis Research 15-18 February 2017 Basel, Switzerland Altered platelet lipidomic profile influences thrombotic disposition: modulation by the CXCL12-CXCR4-CXCR7 Axis M. Chatterjee, D. Rath, J. Schlotterbeck, J. Rheinlaender, B. Walker-Allgaier, T. E. Schäffer, M. Lämmerhofer, M. Gawaz (Tübingen, Germany) Vascular Wall, Platelets and Acquired Problems 16.02.2017, 14:00 15:15 Objective: CXCR7 agonist ameliorates atherosclerosis in Apoe-/mice. Since CXCR7 surface expression on platelets and plasma CXCL12 levels are enhanced in acute coronary syndrome (ACS), both with significant prognostic impact, this study explores the atherothrombotic influence of CXCL12-CXCR4/CXCR7 axis on platelet lipid associations and characterizes the platelet lipidome in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. Methods: Flow cytometry, immunofluorescence confocal microscopy, impedance aggregometry, untargeted lipidomics analysis (UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS), live imaging of single platelets by scanning ion conductance microscopy, calibrated automated thrombinoscopy, ex vivo flow chamber assay, in vivo occlusive thrombosis model. Results: LDL/oxLDL enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial superoxide generation, whereby platelets serve as intracellular compartment for (per)oxidative lipid modification, counteracted by SOD2-mimetic MnTMPyP. Lipidomics revealed enhanced intraplatelet oxidized phospholipids, cholesteryl esters, sphingomyelin, lysoPC, di-,mono-acyglycerols, decreased ceramides levels in CAD patients suggesting a dynamic interaction between plasma and platelet lipids. Enhanced platelet-oxLDL in CAD patients, correlated with platelet CXCR7 surface expression, plasma tryglycerides, HDL, while inversely with CXCR4, plasma LDL. Platelet-oxLDL was elevated in ACS patients with angiographic evidence of intracoronary thrombi. Ex vivo analysis of intracoronary thrombi sections revealed oxLDL deposition in platelet-enriched areas. LDL/oxLDL induced degranulation, αIIbβ3-integrin activation, aggregation, apoptosis, thrombin generation and dynamic shape change. Further, LDL/oxLDL enhanced thrombus formation ex vivo and in vivo in mice (FeCl3 induced carotid injury). LDL-oxLDL enhanced platelet CXCL12 release, differentially regulated CXCR4-CXCR7 surface exposure decreasing CXCR4 while enhancing CXCR7 expression. CXCL12-CXCR4-CXCR7 prompted LDL/oxLDL uptake by upregulating surface availability of the scavenger receptors CXCL16-SR/PS-OX and ApoER2, also synergistically augmented the LDL/oxLDL-induced prooxidative and thrombogenic platelet functions. Conclusion: Pro-oxidative platelet lipidome might propagate thrombotic disposition, a mechanism potentially modulated by CXCL12-CXCR4-CXCR7 axis to influence disease progression and prognosis in CAD. Congress President GTH 2017 Prof. Dr. med. Johanna A. Kremer Hovinga, Inselspital, 3010 Bern email@example.com Congress Organisation: Meister ConCept GmbH, Bahnhofstrasse 55, CH-5001 Aarau T +41 62 836 20 90, F +41 62 836 20 97, firstname.lastname@example.com ABSTRACTS of the 61 Annual Meeting of the Society of Thrombosis and Hemostasis Research 15-18 February 2017 Basel, SwitzerlandS of the 61 Annual Meeting of the Society of Thrombosis and Hemostasis Research 15-18 February 2017 Basel, Switzerland Metformin alters the epigenetic regulation of tissue factor in diabetes M. Witkowski, A. Weithauser, T. Tabaraie, D. Steffens, J. Friebel, A. Doerner, M. Kasner, B. Stratmann, D. Ts


The dynamic physics rule mathematical model of accelerator leg is established, thus, the transfer function of control system is obtained. PID control method is used to design system controller. The critical proportioning method is used to determine the initial parameters of PID controller. SIMULINK is used to simulate the control system based on the initial installed parameters. The parameters of the PID controller are further adjusted according to the simulation results.


This paper is a report which intends to identify and investigate some of the fertility problems in the North Central Regions of Namibia. The report first highlights the major features and constraints of three farming systems, with special focus on fertility problems at regional and area levels. It then presents the major soil types identified by farmers and those identified by technicians at plot level. The paper aims at building a basic soil classification. Farmers' strategies to match their crop with their soils, and their fertility management practices are dealt with at farm level. The place for animal traction in fertility management is spelt out.


How do traditional therapies and psychotherapy coexist in Africa? How can we take traditional beliefs into account in psychotherapeutic treatment? Can ethnic conflicts be addressed? What are the points of contact between the culture and the subject? This paper is an account from a psychiatric hospital in Melen, Gabon, where "white" and "black" medicine come into dialogue with each other, and where the work of the staff represents a pioneering effort in Central Africa, despite the unfavorable working conditions.


time she had lost I stone in weight, had been 'yellow round the eyes', and passed dark urine. It was 2 months before she felt herself again, and, by this time, she had regained her lost weight. In the 8 months folloying, the patient suffered several bouts of 'feeling liverish . The bouts lasted a few days at a time and were characterized by nausea and anorexia. During this period she lost 2 stones in weight. At the end of April, 1967, jaundice gradually developed over 2 weeks and persisted for the next 4 weeks. It was associated with complete anorexia and the passage of dark urine and pale stools. At no time were the motions silver in colour. Examination at the patient's home, 5 days before admission, confirmed the patient to be jaundiced and to have a palpable gall-bladder. It was disconcerting to discover, on admission after so short a time, that the jaundice had disappeared, and the gall-bladder was no longer palpable. Coincidental with the loss of her jaundice, her appetite returned. Physical examination failed to reveal any abnormal signs, and urine examination was negative for bile. LABORATORY FINDINGS.-six consecutive specimens of faeces were consistently negative for occult blood. The serum bilirubin was 2.9 mg. per cent; alkaline phosphatase, 32 K.A. units per cent; and thymol turbidity, 2 units. The values indicated a subclinical or biochemical jaundice and suggested an extra-hepatic biliary obstruction. The haemoglobin was 92 per cent


Chirality and Repolarization. Introduction: Two hypotheses have been proposed to explain the mechanisms of vulnerability and related failure of defibrillation therapy: the cross‐field‐induced critical point hypothesis and the virtual electrode‐induced phase singularity hypothesis. These two hypotheses predict the opposite effect of preshock repolarization on the chirality (direction of rotation) of shock‐induced reentry. The former suggests its reversal upon reversal of repolarization, whereas the latter suggests its preservation. The aim of this study was to determine, by reversing the repolarization sequence, which of the mechanisms is responsible for internal shock‐induced arrhythmia in the Langendorff‐perfused rabbit heart.


An efficient and safe firefighting activity requires a continuous sensing and monitoring of environmental conditions and firefighters' health, to react efficiently to the fire incident, and detect life-threatening situations. These requirements can be achieved through the development of Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) for firefighters. In this work, we design a WBAN based firefighting system. A cluster-based hierarchical topology is designed and a cooperative communication model is proposed, allowing firefighters to work in groups. We also propose two novel models for placing firefighters and coordinating their activities. These models allow a team leader to move randomly around the fire area and inside a combat zone modeled by a thick ring, while attracting the other firefighters of his group to follow approximately his trajectory. A simulation is conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed system and models.


4Background: Anal cancer is a rare, but treatable, malignancy caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV). Because anal cancer is uncommon and carries a significant social stigma, this disease has ra...


The invention discloses a flush system for a dispenser nozzle and an operation method thereof. The flush system may include a flush diverter and a carrier. The flush diverter may include a dispense position and a flush position. The carrier maneuvers the flush diverter to either the dispense position or the flush position with respect to the beverage dispenser nozzle. The method may include the steps of maneuvering a drain pan of the flush diverter by a motor of the flush diverter, and maneuvering the drain pan to a dispense position for dispensing a first fluid and to a spaced flush position for dispensing a second fluid.


Cytomegalic inclusion disease or salivary gland virus disease is a pathologic entity that has been known since 1904 by the large intranuclear and intracytoplasmic inclusionbearing cells, 1 but it has recently been emphasized because the etiology has been clarified and its diagnosis has been facilitated by modern techniques. At first it was a pathologic rarity described only at autopsy and diagnosed as congenital syphilis 2 and amebiasis. 3 Later cases were described primarily as erythroblastosis fetalis, 4 keratomalacia, 5 whooping cough, 6,7 and toxoplasmosis. 8 The salivary gland virus was originally described as large inclusion-bearing cells resembling those of cytomegalic inclusion disease found in the salivary glands 9 in a high percentage 10 of adult animals of numerous species. 11 It was found to be associated with a weak species-specific filtrable virus, transmissible to unborn or young animals for a few passages but not to adults, 12 presumably because of


The cerium dioxide films were prepared with cerium foils as raw materials by anodization and heat treating method. The anodic cerium oxide films were heat treated at 120°C, 220°C and 320°C respectively. The cerium dioxide films were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive analyses of X-ray (EDAX), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) techniques and scanning electron microcopy (SEM), respectively. The anodic cerium oxide film is composed of Ce(OH)3, CeO2, Ce2O3, and Ce. As the anodic cerium oxide films were heat treated at 120°C and 220°C respectively, Ce(OH)3 and Ce in the anodic cerium oxide films may be converted to Ce2O3 or CeO2, and the heat treated films are composed of Ce2O3 and CeO2 respectively. As the anodic cerium oxide film was heat treated at 320°C, Ce(OH)3, Ce2O3 and Ce in the anodic cerium oxide film may be converted to CeO2. The heat treated anodic cerium oxide film at 320°C is the cerium dioxide film. The cerium dioxide film has strong absorption in the range of 1600~4000cm-1. The structure of the cerium dioxide film is the porous above and the dense layer below.


Methyl violet dyes doped polyvinyl membrane build phase grating under two branchs of coherent beams irradiation.While changing one branch the range of one coherent light,the growth and erasure process of the phase grating can be examined through monitoring the changes of first order diffraction light intensity.The theory and experimental results are provided.


The objectives of the study were to identify potency for development and possibilities for empowerment of small scale livestock product processing industries located in Bogor regency. A field survey has been conducted to collect information and data from some small scale industries which process different animal products of meat, milk, skin, bone, feather and slaughter house. Data collected included: human resources, capital, technology adapted, organization, product, marketing, government support, raw materials and market competitor. Data was analyzed by using the methods of AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) and Fuzzy NN – MCDM (Non Numeric Multi Criteria Decision Making). The results found that the most potency for development of small scale industry for animal product processing were the industries processing meat and milk. The most important aspect needed for empowerment was marketing.


Multiple access interference (MAI) in CDMA system is related to the correlation of the transmitted signals from multiple users. In this work, we investigate the correlations of binary signal sets over fading channels, particularly the Gold and Kasami signal sets. A lower bound on the maximum correlation with fading is established. Moreover, an asymptotic bound depending on the length of the sequence and the first and second order statistics of the fading distribution is derived for independent fading channel, while an approximation to the maximum correlation is obtained for correlative fading channel. To analyze the fading effect on cross correlation, experimental results show that the distribution of cross correlation in slow fading environment is similar to the one without fading


The selection and quantification of factors are very important in landslide susceptibility,hazards and risk assessments.At present,GIS tools are widely used in the world to extract the information of topography,lithology,distance from river or fault,land use,vegetation,precipitation,density of river,etc.These factors have been applied to assessing the landslide susceptibility or hazards with great achievements,but they still have some limitations.Firstly,they can not supply a set of relevant factors for a specific type of landslide.Secondly,some of the factors,such as precipitation and lithology,show generality at a region scale,.Thirdly,the integrated risk assessment factors have not been set up yet.This paper studied a specific type of landslide called "loess collapse" which is widely developed in northern Shannxi Province,utilized the international popular landslide risk management theory to build up a general framework of assessing factors.On the basis of data statistics from field investigation,the authors analyzed the sources of hazards and influencing factors of damages.Totally 36 factors in 16 catalogs were set up in four aspects,i.e.,slope failure,collapse intensity,elements in risk,and vulnerability.The construction of these factors will provide a basis for further assessment of loess collapse risks.


Purpose
This paper aims to introduce the Empatia video reflection method, designed to enhance care workers' awareness of empathic care. The method makes the quality of care visible, which is needed when digitalization efforts in elder care focus on the efficiency and adequacy of care work.

Design/methodology/approach
The Empatia method leans on previous studies of the interaction between care professionals and clients and elaborates further previous video reflection methods. In empathic care work, the care worker sees the client on their life continuum, rather than focusing on only medical treatments.

Findings
The empirical example demonstrates how a care worker gained awareness of their empathic interaction habits. Within the work community, the reflection process sparked discussions on values: the purpose of care work and how to conduct empathic care. Focusing on empathic relationships in care fosters both the client's and the care worker's well-being.

Practical implications
The strength of the Empatia method is that it makes empathy visible in interaction and something that is individually and collectively learnable. The Empatia includes an analytical tool for researchers to reveal empathy in client interaction. It can be developed further into a reflection tool for service work to learn how to be empathic in service encounters.

Originality/value
Compared to other video-stimulated recall methods, the Empatia involves contextual understanding of care work. Empowering positive interactions instead of detecting errors and solving problems is a novel concept and is scantily used in studies of organizational learning. The Empatia provides a detailed method description that allows for the replication of the method by anyone.


The present invention is an external device that is installed in the monitored area outputting a trigger signal according to the input signal source; After checking to match the trigger signal condition preset to determine the trigger signal output from the external device, if they match, and it outputs a warning sound accordingly, to be displayed by switching a screen in accordance with a predetermined trigger signal conditions It intended to implement a monitoring system comprising a monitor; monitor apparatus. Display monitor device, the trigger signal control


The COVID-19 pandemic and long drought were caused significant disruption to supply food and distribution agricultural products. Production has slowed down have become a challenge by the government, Agriculture of Ministry, research, academic, and farmer. Team social services-PPDM Wolasi village made a food diversification plot. The method that was used technical guidance and making demonstration plots as a solution for food insecurity. Partners respond well to the knowledge and technology transfer was given. The land has planted with various commodities such as upland rice, corn, chili, tomatoes, vegetables and the manufacture of catfish ponds: the catfish ponds that have 7 m long, 5 m wide, and 0.8 m deep. This model of food diversification  believed to be a solution to food insecurity in the region.


Phase resolved optical emission spectroscopy, with high temporal resolution, shows that wave-particle interactions play a fundamental role in sustaining capacitively coupled rf plasmas. The measurements are in excellent agreement with a simple particle-in-cell simulation. Excitation and ionization mechanisms are dominated by beam-like electrons, energized through the advancing and retreating electric fields of the rf sheath. The associated large-amplitude electron waves, driven by a form of two-stream instability, result in power dissipation through electron trapping and phase mixing.


A method for manufacturing a SiC bulk single crystal (2), wherein a) (in one crystal growth region 5) of a growth crucible (3) an SiC gas phase growth (9) is generated and the SiC bulk (2) to wake up by deposition of the SiC gas phase growth (9) b) the SiC growth gas phase (9) at least partially (from an at least initially, powdered SiC source material 6) extending (in a storage area 4) of the growth crucible (3), is fed, characterized, in that transferred 21) for crystal growth region (5); arranged) source material portions of the SiC source material (6) by means of a (between the storage region 4) and the crystal growth region (5) and as a gas barrier-acting and impassable for SiC gas phase species SiC-volume intermediate block (18 c become, d) wherein facing the source material shares in a (the storage area 4) bottom side of the SiC bulk intermediate block (18; facing 21) deposited and later than the SiC growth gas phase (forming 9) SiC gas phase species on one (the crystal growth region 5) top surface of the SiC be sublimed again; volume intermediate block (21 18).


Hierarchical HMM (HHMM) parsers make promising cognitive models: while they use a bounded model of working memory and pursue incremental hypotheses in parallel, they still achieve parsing accuracies competitive with chart-based techniques. This paper aims to validate that a right-corner HHMM parser is also able to produce complexity metrics, which quantify a reader's incremental difficulty in understanding a sentence. Besides defining standard metrics in the HHMM framework, a new metric, embedding difference, is also proposed, which tests the hypothesis that HHMM store elements represents syntactic working memory. Results show that HHMM surprisal outperforms all other evaluated metrics in predicting reading times, and that embedding difference makes a significant, independent contribution.


The concept of a product lifecycle is widely used in industry and can be used to develop strategies to anticipate and manage change. Although not widely recognized, the lifecycle of healthcare as a product in the United States also fits into this framework. By this analysis, healthcare is a mature product and will need to be rejuvenated or face decline. There is some evidence that improvements are taking place with modern quality initiatives.


The Good Lives Model (GLM) is a contemporary theory of offender rehabilitation that has the dual foci of promoting offenders' goals and reducing their risk of reoffending. It has proved popular with practitioners working with offenders in correctional services but its potential as a rehabilitation framework for mentally disordered offenders (MDOs) in forensic mental health services has been largely untapped. The purpose of this article is to explore how the GLM can be theoretically augmented for use with offenders with mental illness and applied to MDOs in a forensic mental health setting. A case study is provided to illustrate how the enriched GLM can promote a cohesive and holistic approach to forensic rehabilitation that integrates risk, psychiatric treatment, and well-being perspectives. The potential benefits of utilizing the GLM as an overarching rehabilitation framework in forensic mental health are discussed and important points of difference from a traditional approach are highlighted. The authors conclude that the GLM represents a paradigm shift for forensic mental health whereby the person, rather than risk reduction and/or the treatment of mental illness, is at centre stage.


Rather than trying to accommodate the world's concerns about nuclear weapons and superpower belligerence, the U.S. Navy is arguing more strongly that it is an ideal agent to wield U.S. power unilaterally.


ABSTRACT The revolutionary thinker and later yogi of Pondicherry, Aurobindo Ghose (1872–1950), played a critical role during the Swadeshi movement in Bengal, articulating a radical vision that determined the limits and possibilities of the Indian political. Reading his polemical journalism in Bande Mataram alongside his prison memoir, Karakahini, reveals the importance of the jail for his staging of politics. This paper refutes the usual dichotomy of politics and spirituality in readings of Aurobindo and instead explores their underlying interconnectedness in relation to his scripting of an insurrectionary and universalist Hindu metaphysics in which divinity intervened in human history on the side of the oppressed. Aurobindo's central symbol—of Krishna being born in a prison cell—inscribed enduring theo-political significance into the colonial jail, which was successfully re-imagined as a revolutionary ashram, a transformative and sovereign space where political prisoners could be reborn. Video abstract Read the transcript Watch the video on Vimeo


National Natural Science Foundation of China, Grant/Award Numbers: 51737008, 51707107 Abstract The torsional vibration of the surface‐mounted permanent magnet synchronous machine (SPMSM) caused by torque ripple is analysed herein. First, an improved mathematic model of the SPMSM accounting for torsional vibration effect is proposed, which is composed of the voltage equation and motion equation. The voltage equation is established in abc coordinate taking flux harmonics into account, whereas the motion equation is derived based on a simplified two‐mass mechanical model. The perfect precision of the established model is verified by the finite element method (FEM) and experimental results. Then, an analytical method for analysing the machine steady‐state and dynamic torsional vibration response is used based on the proposed mathematic model. The torsional vibrations of a 6p/36s SPMSM under several conditions are analysed and compared. It is shown that the resonance caused by the 12‐th‐order torque harmonic may occur during the start‐up process. Furthermore, the operational speed range of the machine can be extended by suitably decreasing the stiffness coefficient.


A simple method of depositing morphology- and phase-tailored thin films of copper(i) oxide and metallic copper from [Cu(dmae)(TFA)]4·CH2Cl2 (1), where dmae is N,N-dimethylaminoethanolato and TFA is trifluoroacetato, on glass substrates by aerosol-assisted chemical vapour deposition is demonstrated. The tetrameric precursor 1 was synthesized and its structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. Precursor 1 was applied for the deposition of nanostructured thin films of copper(i) oxide and copper nanowires at 250 and 375°C respectively. The deposited thin films were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction, and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. The results indicate that the phase and morphology of the deposited material are strongly dependent on deposition temperature. UV-vis studies reveal that copper(i) oxide films with a band gap of 2.48 eV may find possible applications in tandem photoelectrochemical devices as light-absorbing material.


Despite growing research interest, existing directed grey-box fuzzers do not scale well with program complexity. In this paper, we identify two major scalability challenges for current directed grey-box fuzzing. Particularly, we find that traditional coverage feedback does not always provide meaningful guidance for reaching the target program point(s), and the existing seed distance mechanism does not operate well with programs with complex control structures. To address these problems, we present a novel fuzzer, named DAFL. DAFL selects code parts that are relevant to the target location and obtains coverage feedback only from those parts. Furthermore, it computes precise seed distances considering the data-flow semantics of program executions. The results are promising. Out of 41 real-world bugs, DAFL was able to find 4, 6, 9, and 5 more bugs within the given time, compared to AFL, AFLGo, WindRanger, and Beacon, respectively. Furthermore, among the cases where all fuzzers produced a median TTE, DAFL was at least 4.99 times faster on average compared to 3 state-of-the-art directed fuzzers including AFLGo, WindRanger, and Beacon.


1/E model is found more appropriate for gate oxide time dependence dielectric breakdown (TDDB) lifetime prediction in CMOS with 6.7 nm SiO2 and poly electrode of 3D NAND technology, instead of widely used E model. It is believed that back-end-of-line process is the key factor contributing to the 1/E model, where hydrogen diffusion is originated from thick SiN and driven by final alloy. And anode hole injection (AHI) may be the dominant physic mechanism of this oxide degradation model. In addition, polarity dependency may be induced by decoupled plasma nitrogen (DPN) process and has no relation to 1/E model.


Anatomical hepatectomy aims to eliminate the spread of malignant tumor cells via portal vein systemically. An anatomical concept of the right anterior section (RAS) and preservation of the liver parenchyma within the RAS has been proposed.


Determination of organic and inorganic mercury compounds and of metallic mercury in the air was studied by using 0.1% L-cystein aqueous solution as absorbent with the atomic absorption spectrometry. The results obtained were as follows.1. To catch mercury compounds, impingers were employed. 0.1% L-cystein aqueous s. was used in the first and the second catching bottles. Into third and fourth bottles, 5% H2SO4 aqueous s. and KMnO4 0.5% aqueous s. were poured respectively. Organic and inorganic mercury compounds were caught in the first two bottles, while metallic mercury was caught in the last two quantitatively with perfect selection.2. Organic compounds were twice extracted from L-cystein aqueous s. by benzene. From benzene layer, organic mercury compounds wers extracted in L-cystein aqueous s. again. After organic and inorganic mercury compounds and metallic mercury contained in the sample had been decomposed by H2SO4 and KMnO4, they were reduced to metallic mercury by SnCl2 to be determined separately by the atomic absorption spectrometry. By this procedure, analytical processes became very simple and acurate results were obtained.3. Analytical sensitivity of this method was 0.1μg Hg/m3 air at the minimum.4. In a workshop where phenyl mercuric acetate was being synthesized, mercury in the indoor air was determined by this method, and it was recognized that detected organic mercury was less than 20% and inorganic and metallic mercury were 72.9-76.3% and 6.9-13.6% of the total mercury.


I conducted a series of 20-minute activities during my research sequence where students solely read the Latin aloud to each other in pairs, emphasising verb terminations and noun/adjective agreement, and finished with the students using this technique during their normal written translation practice, with one student reading the Latin aloud and the other translating.


Biomedical titanium alloys can be used for replacement and repair surgeries of human hard tissues. In recent years, the new b type titanium alloys with low elastic moduli and excellent biocompatibility have been developed by choosing low cytotoxic elements. Furthermore, new type of porous titanium alloys can lower elastic modulus effectively and contribute to the ingrowth of tissues. The present research status of new b type titanium alloys and porous titanium alloys have been introduced in this literature, the future research trend has also been discussed.


With interest, we read the article by Hajar[1] "Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease: A Historical Perspective.'' We want to correct the mistake associated with the prevalence of rheumatic heart disease in this article. There was a mistake in Table 2 called "Summary of the American Heart Association revised 2015 Jones criteria." The statement "Low‐risk population: Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) incidence ≤2/100,000 school‐aged children of all age rheumatic heart disease (RHD) prevalence of ≤1/100,000 population year" was incorrect. This statement should be corrected as follows ‐ "Low‐risk population: ARF incidence ≤2/100,000 school-aged children of all-age RHD prevalence of ≤1/1000 population per year."[2]


Keeping the ocean safe and secure requires a coordinated and cooperative set of actions that take into account a wide range of dangers and difficulties, as well as major determinants and changes. To put this into action, the Indian navy and its diverse units will work together, each with a role and responsibility for different aspects of maritime security. With its marine assets, difficulties, and opportunities, India needs maritime security architecture in the Indian Ocean to develop a vision, formulate plans, and oversee maritime activity. To foster cooperation in the Indian Ocean Region, India, and the littoral states have to move for multilateral approach that can synergize and ensure maximum advantage from the maritime sector, to benefit the economy, and to reinforce maritime security.


Exploiting a hand-collected database with almost 2,200 firms during 1996–2014, I analyze the relationship between the presence of poison pills and firm value. Consistent with earlier results, I document a strong negative association between pills and firm value cross-sectionally and within firm. However, I document that all the within-firm association is driven by pill adoptions (and none by the dropping of pills), all the drop in value associated with adoptions precedes the pills' adoption, and firms adopted their pills after experiencing drops in their operating performance. These results indicate that the ostensive negative effect of pills on firm value is due to a spurious correlation and that prior analyses were incorrect in concluding that pill adoptions are harmful and indicative of bad governance. Moreover, the results question the usefulness of the dramatic drop in the incidence of pills that took place during the last decade.


Camille Beeler Research Assistant, CSBG firstname.lastname@example.com By now the reader should be aware that the long anticipated Government Accountability Office (GAO) report on the operational effectiveness and accountability of the administration of the Community Services Block Grant (CSBG) has been released by the Congress. Many times advocates for programs or issues fear the release of any GAO report. Problems are traditionally highlighted, and in a partisan and financially difficult legislative environment, any criticism of programs, especially by an agency such as GAO, could portend a rocky road for support of the program(s) in the Congress.


PURPOSE: A wideband slot antenna and a slot array antenna are provided to achieve improved characteristics of electromagnetic coupling between the reflector plate and the feeder line of the slot antenna. CONSTITUTION: A wideband slot antenna comprises a dielectric layer(23) having a grounding conductor layer(21) separated from the dielectric layer, and a microstrip feeder line(24) made of a metal and formed at the outer bottom surface of the dielectric layer; the grounding conductor layer formed on the top surface of the dielectric layer, and electromagnetically connected to the microstrip feeder line through a slot(22); and a reflector plate(25) formed beneath the microstrip feeder line in such a manner that the reflector plate suppresses radiation of substrate surface wave and increases an antenna gain.


&dquo;Biography&dquo; is a sober, precise and modern word. Like other words formed from a Greek root, it has a competent and knowing air. It makes a good appearance in the summary of reviews, on the platform at conferences, between &dquo;biology&dquo; and &dquo;bibliography,&dquo; between &dquo;necrology&dquo; and &dquo;radiography,&dquo; in that scientific elite of the lexicon that travels in &dquo;business&dquo; class from one language to another, always at home in the time belts, hotel lobbies, conference


Abstract Free-Space optical (FSO) link is an optical communication technology that uses light or laser as the carrier diffuses into free space to transfer data information between the transmitter and the receiver through the air channel. In this paper, a dual transmitters and receivers with multi-beam technique were designed to Study the effects of rain attenuation on the system to be used through FSO during the rainy weather. FSO model system was designed and simulated using OptiSystem7.0 software. The results analysis of FSO link within (1.6 - 3.9 km) ranges according to a Charbonneau model for rain attenuation. The transmitting data with NRZ modulation was designed and analysis of the performance System efficiency parameters such as bit error rate (BER) and Q. Factor for different optical links. The results of the simulation showed that the received signal power decreases and the bit error rate is increasing when the rain rate is increasing.


Abstract This paper explores justice-related perceptions among tribal police officers providing service within a southeastern Indian Reservation in the United States. Interviews with 27 tribal police officers were conducted to understand the manner of the administration of tribal justice. Almost half of the participants interviewed felt that their tribal justice system was dysfunctional due to inter-tribal politics, federal government restrictions, and lenient tribal judges. Additionally, tribal police officers also described the failure of the federal government in prosecuting felony crimes on the reservation. As a result, they believed that both the tribal and federal criminal justice systems did not adequately address crime on the reservation.


The invention belongs to the field of analytical chemistry, and relates to a method for measuring sugar through nanometer gold colorimetry. According to the method of the present invention, a solution system containing phenyl boronic acid or a phenyl boronic acid derivative and nanometer gold is added with a sugar-containing sample, the sugar substance in the sample and the phenyl boronic acid or the phenyl boronic acid derivative are combined to inhibit combination of the phenyl boronic acid or the phenyl boronic acid derivative and the nanometer gold so as to change a color of the solution, and quantitative, semi-quantitative or qualitative detection of the sugar substance in the sample is achieved by detecting or observing the change of the solution color. The method of the present invention has the following characteristics that: steps are simple, cost is low, no special equipment is required, chemical modification is not required to be performed on the nanometer gold, and the method of the present invention is a detection method having broad application prospects in food science, analytical chemistry, medicine and other fields.


Energy detection is attractive for UWB signal reception because of the low implementation complexity. Its performance in the presence of synchronization errors has not been addressed before. In this paper, we investigate the effects of synchronization errors on conventional energy detection (CED) with orthogonal pulse position modulation (OPPM) and block-coded pulse position modulation (BC-PPM). Moreover, the performance of weighted energy detection (WED) for OPPM and BC-PPM with respect to synchronization errors is also analyzed, where the weight vector is estimated using training symbols. The analytical results enable us to compare different combinations of energy detection and modulation scheme at various synchronization accuracy levels and drive a tradeoff between performance and synchronization requirement. Simulations show that BC-PPM is much less sensitive to mistiming than OPPM, and WED can eliminate the performance degradation caused by synchronization errors greatly.


The characteristic theory of underground support and its application of prestressed anchorage and shotcrete support are described in this paper. The main creative points are that two kinds of expressions in light of characteristics function of rockmass, ordinary expression of characteristic function for unstable rockmass, which creates the characteristic theory to determine the method of design parameters for prestressed anchorage and shotcrete support on the basis of project analogism. This method is simple and easy to use, and operate for the convenience of the designer. TZL prestressed device is adopted not only to increase the support quality and reduces accidents of the project, but also to decrease large amount of cable rods and save the cost of the project. The comprehensive economic and benefits are of great significance.


Background: The personal of Epidemiology section Office of Disease Prevention and Control, Khon Kaen Province has analyzed surveillance system 506, and it was found that Leptospirosis increased sharply in Sri Bun Rueang District, Nong Bua Lam Phu Province. That has been the first position in Regional public health service network 12 for 30 days since the first day when the disease was discovered. Surveillance and Rapid Response Team of region 6 in Khon Kaen Province cooperated with Nong Bua Lam Phu and local team to verify diagnosis, and outbreak, epidemiological studies and recommend prevention and control measures of outbreak during 8 – 11 September 2011 Method:This is descriptive epidemiology. There were definitions of leptospirosis suspected case whose patient presented with at least one symptom of acute febrile illness, severe headache, severe fibromyalgia, conjunctivitis, chilling, coughing, dark urine, stiff neck and occasional fibromyalgia. The patient who admitted in Sri Bun Rueang hospital during 1 st September to 31 st October 2011 was drawn blood for test by Latex agglutination test, if the patient whose result was positive must be report to leptospirosis. Patients' serum needed to be collected to confirm result of investigation by IFA method at Udonthani department of medical science. Result:Medical record revision from 1 st January to 11 th September 2011 showed that 102 of 123 patients whom received treatment which were 117.72 of Incidence density rate per 100,000 people were male (82.93%) and 21 were female (17.07%). It was discovered that the number of patients increased in June and reached the top at July according to the highest curve. The symptoms of patient were acute febrile illness (88.45%) and severe fibromyalgia (63.31%) denote and severe headache (44.62%). When having random blood test of the 16 patients, it was found that 6 of them (37.5%) provided positive result. The random interview was used for 15 patients from 130 of them. The result showed that 53.33% of them lived in slum, another 53.33% live in over flowing water and wet soil area, 53.33% of them stayed in slow running water area, 68.75% of them were in touch with water 6 hours per day and 68.75 % were directly in touch with water. Conclusion: There was Leptospirosis outbreak in Sri Bun Rueang District, but there was no relationship between patients and no patients stayed in the same house. Thus, the hospitals which were reported to have continuously increased in number of patient should laboratories to confirm diagnosis and investigate groups of patients. Keywords: Outbreak Investigation


Taking Lanzhou as the study area,a level Ⅲ fugacity model was applied to simulate the concentration distribution of two endosulfan isomers in five environmental compartments including air,water,soil,sediment and vegetation.Meanwhile,the transfer fluxes between different compartments were analyzed in order to identify main transfer process.In addition,the reliability of this model was studied by comparing modeling results with observational data.For the model uncertainty,twenty parameters of the model were tested and the key parameters were identified using sensitivity analysis,and the uncertainty of these key parameters was estimated.The study results showed that the soil,vegetation and sediment compartments were the main reservoirs of endosulfan in Lanzhou area.Furthermore,the main input sources of endosulfan in the study area were the air inflow and use of pesticides,while the soil degradation and air advection outflow were the major routes for endosulfan depletion in the study area.The study results also indicated that the physical and chemical properties of endosulfan,such as Henry's Law Constant and KOW,as well as the environmental parameters including organic carbon content of sediment and soil had a significant influence on the model sensitivity.The reliability of the model was verified by the agreement between calculated and measured concentrations with the log-scale differences within an order of magnitude.This case study showed that the developed model was suitable for simulating the multimedia transfer and fate of endosulfan in the semi-arid Lanzhou area.


BackgroundThe deleterious effects of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) are well known. Techniques to reduce the duration of CPB without compromising patient's safety have been evolving. One such technique is the use of continuous suture technique for mitral valve replacement (MVR). In our study we have analyzed postoperative intensive care unit (ICU) course, morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing isolated MVR with continuous suture technique.MethodsFrom August 2011 through September 2012, 71 patients underwent isolated MVR with continuous suture technique. The study was prospective, and the database maintained by medical record section and phone contacts with patients. After discharge, patients were followed up clinically on day-7, & 1, 3 and 6 months. Echocardiography was done at 1 & 6 months.The statistical analysis was done using SPSS-15 software. The test used were Chi-square test, Student 't'test and ANOVA (Analysis Of Variance) test. ResultsAverage CPB time was 50.73+12.48 minutes and mean aortic cross-clamp time was 29.86+8.81 minutes. During ICU course, significant decrease in inotropic support (p=0.004), ventilator time (p=0.037), mediastinal drainage (p<0.001) and shorter ICU stay (p<0.001) were associated with decrease in CPB time. Mediastinal drainage averaged 258.31 ± 172.53 ml whereas 0.94 ± 0.843 units of packed red blood cells were transfused. Incidence of paravalvular leak was 4.2%. There were no incidences of suture breakage or prosthetic valve dehiscence. There was single peri-operative mortality resulting from fatal cerebral thromboembolism.ConclusionImproved post-operative recovery with comparable morbidity and mortality and cost effectiveness mandates use of continuous suture technique for MVR.


T1-ollgonucleotide maps of RNA prepared from four strains ( Jing 6, Kun 1, 4 and 14 ) of type 3 wild pollovirus were compared with that of Zhong Ⅲ2 vaccine virus. Jing 6 was isolated from a paralytic case of poliomyelitis associated with live pollovirus vaccination.The Tl-oligonucleotide maps of Jing 6 and Kun 4 had only 5 and 14 spots of difference with that of Zhong Ⅲ2 strain respectively.Thus these three strains are closely related. However, T1-oligonucleotide maps of Kun 1 and Kun 14 virus strains are quite different from that of Zhong Ⅲ2 vaccine strain. We grouped Jing 6 and Kun 4 as vaccine-like strain,while Kun 1 and Kun 14 as non-vacclne-like strain. The result showed that Tl-oligonucleotide map is not only a powerfull tool for the study of molecular epidemiology but it also provided more reliable basis for distinguishing wild type 3 viruses from vlccine relative strains.