Earlier empirical and theoretical work showed that members of the public distinguish quite sharply between the rewards of an occupation and its value to society. The present paper argues that the perstige of occupations, as it is ordinarily graded, is a simple average of these two dimensions, implying that prestige has both a factual and a normative component. The argument is theoretical rather than inductive: it begins from the assumption that prestige has both a factual and a normative component. The argument is theoretical rather than inductive: it begins from the assumption that assessments of prestige do in fact involve considerations of economic reward, an it employs the data in conjunction with this well-grounded assumption to infer what other considerations must be involved. The argument is prosecuted by means of polar coordinate analysis. This method is applicable because R2 for the regression of social standing (taken to be a synonym for prestige) on other aspects of occupation is close to one; and virtually all the variance of each vector of occupational assessment lies in a space of three dimensions. The final discussion suggests that, although the data point to the existence of a normative consensus, this consensus bears little relation to prestige in its traditional prestige which bolsters the elite is a fragile thing, whereas the normative consensus on occupational prestige may constitute an important source of legitimation of the distribution of social rewards.


Purpose of graduation theses is analysis of options measuring external weighting transverse force and select the most suitable variation for testing station "wheel – daisyrail" in laboratory at transport faculty of Jan Perner.


To provide an added value and a more complete use of the virgin wool from the Cundiboyacense highlands, it was developed in the methodologies for the replacement of the improved properties; the first focuses on the smoothing of the fiber and the second on in situ nanostructuring based on the addition of ultraviolet light to promote the growth of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on the surface of the fibers. The incorporated AgNPs in the structure of the previously smoothed fiber allowed a delay the microbial activity, this demonstrated with the halos of inhibition formed when the fibers are in contact with P. aeruginosa and S. aureus.


We present analytical results of fundamental properties of one-dimensional (1D) Hubbard model with a repulsive interaction, ranging from fractional excitations to universal thermodynamics, interaction-driven criticality, correlation functions, Contact susceptibilities and quantum cooling. Using the exact solutions of the Bethe Ansatz equations of the Hubbard model, we first rigorously calculate the gapless spin and charge excitations, exhibiting exotic features of fractionalized spinons and holons. Based on the analysis on the fractional charge and spin excitations, the spin-incoherent Luttinger liquid with only the charge propagation mode is elucidated by the asymptotic of the two-point correlation functions with the help of the conformal field theory. Near quadruple critical point, we then further analytically obtain the thermodynamical properties, dimensionless ratios and scaling functions near quantum phase transitions in terms of chemical potential, magnetic field and interaction. In particular, we determine additivity rules of spin and charge susceptibilities, and derive explicit forms of thermodynamics of spin-incoherent Luttinger liquid. Finally, in order to capture deeper insight into the Mott insulator and interaction driven criticality, we further study the double occupancy and its associated Contact and Contact susceptibilities through which an adiabatic cooling scheme upon the quantum criticality is introduced.


This study focuses on local reasoning in Combat Veteran's Court in terms of its combat veteran clientele. The perceived nature of the client-defendants as victim/of-fenders who have paid a great price to protect us all and whose combat service is directly related to their criminality signi fi cantly alters the moral calculus in the court. This altered moral calculus fi nds its way into the institutional encounters ad hoc , in the local relevancies, particulars, and contingencies of the case-at-hand, and in the prospects for 'what can happen', given what has already occurred. Combat Veteran's Court is working out the fundamental terms of moral identity ad hoc , in the circumstantiality of the case as it presents itself now. This work moves social control away from the punitive approach of traditional criminal courts, or the abstinence-or-punishment approach of most other problem-solving courts, and toward an approach that is unique to combat veterans. The court's accomplishment of its unique operation is an analyzable achievement , and Gar fi nkel's 'unique adequacy requirement of methods' is fl eshed out in relation to the materials under investigation.


We have now found a total of 15 individual MICB promoter sequences, varying by combination of 18 polymorphic positions within the MICB minimal promoter sequence. Sequence‐based typing and cloning characterized the three new 5′ promoter sequences as MICB‐P13, MICB‐P14 and MICB‐P15.


Natural gas is a good quality and clear energy soure.Heating with gas-fired hung boiler not only reduce air pollution and achieved the high level of automatic controlling,but also supply domestic hot water. The analsis shows that the heating with gas-fired hung boiler is more economical than central heating in charging as building's areas and heating in heat pump conditioners.


Hybrid coordination function controlled channel access (HCCA) is a medium to enhance quality of service (QoS) via the IEEE 802.11e standard. The main limitation of HCAA is that it is only efficient for constant bit rate (CBR) applications. This is due to the nature of its scheduler that allocates transmission opportunities (TXOPs) based on traffic stream (TS) specifications (TSPECs) that are determined during the traffic setup time. Variable bit rate (VBR) traffics used in HCCA have nondeterministic profile, making it not optimally and efficiently supported by HCCA. The result of this inefficiency is a deterioration of the transmission performance of multimedia data as well as a drop in the number of served QoS video traffics. We propose a novel approach to deal with this issue, which is the feedback‐based admission control unit (FACU). FACU works by optimizing the usage of extra bandwidth to ensure optimal transmission performance of multimedia data. FACU achieves this by exploiting piggybacked information concerning sequential video frames in order to accurately assign the TXOP. The proposed approach is evaluated by utilizing various video sequences. It is demonstrated that FACU maximizes the overall number of video streams and optimizes the overall usage of the network without having any adverse effects on the QoS constraints determined.


We analyze a stochastic multi-agent stock market model with four kinds of dynamic regimes including fundamental equilibrium,non-fundamental equilibrium,periodicity and chaos.The influence of traders' behavioral propensities such as mimetic propensity, price-chasing propensity and strategy-switching propensity to market dynamic regime is investigated by both qualitative and numerical methods.We find that:when all the three propensities are small,the market is in fundamental equilibrium regime;as mimetic propensity and price-chasing propensity increase,the market falls in periodicity regime;when the mimetic propensity is large enough,two symmetric non-fundamental equilibriums coexist;in a narrow range between non-fundamental equilibriums and periodicity regime,chaos appears as a transitional phenomenon.


The dependency of giant magnetoresistance (GMR) on the nonmagnetic matrix in nanogranular Co^20(Cu_1-xGe_x)_80 ribbons was studied. When the matrix Cu is substituted with semiconductor Ge, the magnetoresistance transitioned from negative to positive at low temperatures. The positive GMR effect is closely related to the quantity of Co/Co_3Ge_2/Co junctionlike configurations. This result provides evidence for the competition between two types of electronic transport mechanisms in the magnetic granular ribbons: (i) electronic spin-dependent scattering, inducing a negative magnetoresistance and (ii) Coulomb blockade of the electronic tunneling, inducing a positive magnetoresistance.


This paper develops a new theory of independent fuzzy probabilities, that addresses limitations of fuzzy fault trees both and Zadeh's fuzzy extension of probability. In contrast to the fuzzy fault tree approach, the new theory is complete since it assigns a fuzzy probability to every event. In the case of a probability theory built from independent events·, Zadeh' s extension is not consistent with fuzzy fault trees. Our new extension is also consistent. The new theory is demonstrated with an example. Fuzzy sets and possibility theory provide a tool for describing and analyzing these uncertain quantities. Engineering 1984 1992, he worked in systems engineering variously for Locus Inc, the Naval Research Laboratory, and Mitre Corporation. After completing his PhD in Applied Mathematics from the University of Maryland in 1994, he took a position in the Department of Mathematics at Texas Tech University. His research interests include random processes and their application to a wide variety of engineering and physics problems, fuzzy set theory as an alternate model of uncertainty, and neural networks.


Revenue is the basic information needed to calculate the profit or loss of an entity that accounts in the underlying accounting system. The aim of the presented article is to point out the definition of revenues according to international accounting standards and their comparison with revenues in the Slovak Republic. The article is based on the requirements of the European Union and takes into account 2 assumptions: the accrual basis and the revenues according to IAS (for business entities) and IPSAS (for public administration entities). We used the method of comparison and the method of analysis. The article also contains the results of the control activities of the Financial Administration of the Slovak Republic, as revenues are the basic attribute for calculating the corporate income tax base. This is the initial phase of general analysis, in which we will continue with more detailed intentions in other published articles.


Abstract : We describe that the surface and thickness of nanoporous WO 3 fabricated by bothlight-induced and light-absent anodization are affected by pre-annealing process from 200 o C to600 o C. As a result, the nanoporous WO 3 with a thickness of 1.83 µ m can be achieved by anod-ization for 6 hours after pre-annealing at 400 o C without illumination of light. Moreover, thethickness of nanoporous WO 3 fabricated by pre-annealing is thicker than that of WO 3 preparedby non-annealing process. However, the light illumination during anodization leads to convert thecrystalline structure obtained by pre-annealing, which interfere the growth of nanoporous WO 3 .In this paper, we discuss about the growth mechanism of these different nanoporous WO 3 films. Keywords : Pre-anealing, Light-induced anodizaton, Tungsten oxide 1. 서론 텅스텐 산화물은 고유한 물리적, 화학적 성질로 인하여물 분해, 전기변색 소자 1-3) , 화학전지 4) 등의 여러 분야에연구되고 있다. 특히, 2.6~2.8eV 비교적 낮은 Band gapenergy를 갖기 때문에 자외선 (UV light) 영역뿐 아니라가시광선 (visible light) 영역에서도 높은 광반응을 나타내는 것으로 알려져 있다.


Spenser's image of the past is (as critics have long recognized) a complex, and sometimes self-contradictory, construct. As Thomas M. Greene points out, "Spenser uses the word antique in many different senses, so that the meaning of the phrase antique world is not always consistent or clear."' Andrew John Fichter emphasizes the dynastic theme in Virgil, Ariosto, Tasso, and Spenser, observing that this theme "brings into focus what must be considered one of the most basic elements of epic from Virgil onward, its consciousness of history."2 Michael O'Connell both challenges and qualifies traditional concepts of the "historical allegory" of The Faerie Queene; he considers the "historical dimension" of the poem primarily in terms of contemporary Elizabethan history rather than the remote past.3 In the following pages I shall reexamine Spenser's uses of the past in The Faerie Queene against the background of his references to remote antiquity in his romance-epic and several of the minor poems, and in the context of Italian Renaissance theories of the relationship of the heroic poet's subject matter to historical fact and/or invented fiction.4 In the Letter to Raleigh, Spenser did not distinguish between epic and romance, nor did he use the term heroic poem; instead he spoke of the works of "historicall" poets, including Ariosto in this category along with Homer and Virgil and Tasso. It is to this class of poem that The Faerie Queene (scarcely less "historicall"-on the literal level-than either of the romance-epics on Orlando) belongs. Although Spenser described his poem as "a continued Allegory, or darke conceit," he was


The Montgomery Tunnel in Virginia is among the largest clearance improvement projects undertaken by Norfolk Southern Corporation to connect the east coast port of Norfolk, Virginia to its existing double-stack network in the South and the Midwest. The work involves removing the concrete roof and installing new supports in unusual ground conditions, all under live track.


in the reverse Trendelenburg position. The percentage increase in MVV produced by foot pumping was significantly higher in the PV than in the CFV. Conclusions: Intermittent pneumati~ compression of the plantar venous plexus produces measurable increases in venous outflow from the lower limbs of normal subjects. This study seems to justify further evaluation of the effectiveness of this technique for mechanical deep venous thrombosis prophylaxis in selected high-risk patient groups. (J VASC SURG 1995;22:598-605.)


In a domain such as medicine, it is important that individuals' infor- mation needs are met with information on a suitable level of difficulty and ex- pertise. This paper focuses on facilitating medical information access through reformulating queries and re-ranking result lists utilizing features typical for the language written for professionals or for laypersons. The aim is to produce re- sult lists where the ranking is better suited for the expertise level of the user. We will explore the possibility of using features such as trigger phrases for que- ry reformulation and document length, average word length or compound ratio for re-ranking. The Swedish medical IR test collection, MedEval, from Sprakbanken, Uni- versity of Gothenburg, will be used to find features specific for professional language and lay language and to study the effectiveness of these features in re- formulating queries and re-ranking search results based on the target group. The test collection contains 42,250 documents from the medical corpus MedLex , collected from all types of written medical information found in electronic for- mat, except patient records. The collection contains 62 topics. In total, 7,044 documents have been assessed both for relevance to these topics and for tar- get group. Our experiments will be based on earlier explorative studies on medical ex- pert and lay language where some features were identified. It was found that documents written for professionals tended to have more tokens per document, longer words, and more compounds than lay documents The assessed documents were run through a perl program which counted the frequencies of occurring multiword units (MWUs). The frequencies of individ- ual MWUs were much higher in the expert documents. For the doctors, medical phrases dominate the MWUs while the patients' documents mostly contained general language units. The most frequent patient MWUs from the medical do- main, were more frequent in the doctor documents and could therefore not be said to be typical for patient documents. Many frequently recurring MWUs are not specific for any topic. However, they may be seen as trigger phrases indicat- ing target group. Such trigger phrases will be used in the reformulation of the queries. We believe that the phrases typical for a user group can be used to reformu- late queries and that the likewise typical features can be useful for calculating


According to the data about annual average of air pollutants and main crop yields between 2001 and 2013 in Jingzhou City, we studied how crop production affects air pollution in Jingzhou City by use of the model of econo-metrics. The results show that crop production mainly affects the annual average of particulate matter in the air. Grains and vegetable production's increase affects the annual average of particulate matter in the air positively. Cotton and oil crop production's increases affects the annual average of particulate matter in the air negatively. Therefore, government of Jingzhou city should try his best to protect the income of farmers that grow vegetable and continue to prohibit straw burning.


Evoked related potentials provide the opportunity to better undestand the central auditory processing which is the basis of language perception. The aim of this study was to evaluate the maturational changes of Mismatch Negativity (MMN), as a model of central auditory perception and, to know in this way the transformations underlying cognitive processing of sounds and its influence in normal development of language. Six children between 10 and II years old, and 6 adults with ages ranging between 20 and 35 years old, were examined. The mismatch negativity evoked potential (MMN) was recorded in all this subjects, using the classical paradigm of auditory discrimination of pure tones (1000 and 1200 Hz) secuencially presented with a relative probability of 0, IS and 0,85 with a 600 ms of interstimulus interval. Significant differences were found between groups. Higher latency values of MMN were recorded in the children's group. In the topographic distribution of this component a left lateral distribution to children's group and a frontocentral distribution to adults were observed. These differences found in this study indicate that central auditory perception of pure tones changes with age and has neither reached ifs optimal 'Processing rate by the age of II years old, nor are its neural subsystem yet mature by that same age.


A visualized and modeless programming environment VPF (Visualized Programming environment for Form manipulation language) is presented. The VPF supports the development of programs written in a programming language called a form manipulation language. The language is a so-called iconic language and provides not only programming facilities but also form-oriented operations. VPF provides the following features: (1) hierarchical views that support views for various abstract levels of program specification and execution; (2) visualization of the program itself and its run-time behavior with graphical representation; and (3) modeless operations that enable a program to be developed under only one execution mode. These features give the programmers good comprehension of program development and enhance productivity and reliability of the application programs.<<ETX>>


Evanescent field sensors based on waveguide surfaces play an important role where high sensitivity is required. Particularly tantalum pentoxide (Ta2O5) is a suitable material for thin-film waveguides due to its high refractive index and low attenuation. Many label-free biosensor systems such as grating couplers and interferometric sensors as well as fluorescence-based systems benefit from this waveguide material leading to extremely high sensitivity. Some biosensor systems based on Ta2O5 waveguides already took the step into commercialization. This report reviews the various detection systems in terms of limit of detection, the applications, and the suitable surface chemistry.


This study aims to determine the contribution made by zooplankton to acoustic scattering layers, which are particularly strong at 38 kHz, in the northern North Sea in summer. It uses a combination of net sampling and forward and inverse acoustic modelling of data collected at 38, 120 and 200 kHz in July 2003. Zooplankton samples were collected from regions of strong acoustic scattering in depths to ∼50 m, using a undulating towed (U-tow) vehicle. Acoustic data recorded simultaneously were scrutinized to determine actual backseattering, expressed as mean volume backseattering strength (MVBS) (dB). This observed MVBS (MVBS obs ) was compared with backscattering predicted by application of appropirate acoustic models (MVBS pred ) to sampled densities of zooplankton. In all instances, MVBS obs was greater than MVBS pred , with the difference considerably more pronounced at 38 kHz. There was a weak correlation between MVBS pred and MVBS obs at all three frequencies, with the greatest correlation (r = 0.450, P = 0.545) al 120 kHz. A number of candidate acoustic models were inverted in order to infer the most likely type of scatterer. In most cases, seallerers with a gas inclusion mere predicted by this method. Potential sources of inconsistencies between MVBS pred and MVBS obs were identified which, when considered alongside the presented forward and inverse solutions, indicate that 38 kHt scattering in particular must be due to sources other than. sampled zooplankton.


Cause-related marketing has become a pressing need for today's corporate world as it continuously provides multiple benefits like positive word of mouth, survival and competitive advantage sure returns on investments and ever raising goodwill. The corporates undertaking the cause-related marketing practices also fulfil their social responsibility to a greater extent which affects and results into bigger profits undoubtedly. Increasingly, for-profit companies are aligning their brands with social missions to make a lasting impact on the world, elevate their brand visibility and building meaningful relationships. Incorporating a social cause into a brand can command additional attention and separate it from the competitor. If any company wants to reach beyond more thanjust monetary impact, a social cause is an excellent path (Collins, 1993).Stole (2006) has observed that cause related marketing is the hybrid of product advertising and corporate public relations. He has also mentioned that there are six main types of cause-related marketing arrangements. The first four relate to standard corporate practices and they are: advertising, providing cause's message, public relations, organized for tying up a knot with nonprofit Groups; corporate as a sponsor provide financial help to an event; licensing, where a business pays to use a charity logo on its products or services; direct marketing, where both a business and a non-profit raise funds and promote brand awareness; purchase-triggered donations, in this the company contributes an amount from the price of product to a social or charitable cause.Social media marketing has been a boon for social cause marketing, especially tools like Twitter and Facebook in order to promote their causes and they have received great support from the users of these medium. Numerous other studies have also been conducted to show that cause-related marketing has helped to increase a company's profits. Example of American Express (to which the term "cause marketing" is attributed), can be the best fitted where the company saw a 17% increase in new users and a 28% increase in card usage. Consumers are now looking closely at companies who make claims regarding their involvement in social issues.Skory and Repka (2004) mentioned in their study that seventyeight percent of people have a more favorable view of a company that contributes or sponsors a cause that they think is worthy. Cause Related Marketing is an exciting concept where both business and charity (or good causes) can benefit. It also attracts new sources of funds, resources and support.The present study is exploratory in nature and hence exploratory data analysis has been undertaken. Such analysis accords flexibility to the researcher to respond to patterns visible in the analysis. This paper presents analysis of the data obtained through questionnaire using the technique of factor analysis. The questionnaire consists of 31 statements pertaining to cause related marketing. The data has been tabulated and subjected to factor analysis. Factor analysis attempts to identify underlying variables or factors that explain the pattern of correlations within a set of observed variables. This statistical technique is often used for reduction of data to identify a small number of factors that explain most of the variance observed in a much larger number of variables. To bring down the statements to a manageable level of dimensions, factor analysis using principal components method of factor extraction has been applied.Review ofliteratureThe basic purpose of review of literature is to acquire thorough knowledge of the problem area so that the investigator can develop a holistic view. The review ofliterature helps in identifying the gaps in available literature that facilitates formation of a precise research problemCause related marketing has been described in different terms such as 'civic marketing' (Michaels, 1995) and 'public purpose marketing' (Abrahams, 1996). …


In an intriguing paper in this issue of The Journal of Physiology, Waltz et al. (2016) tackle a very important question: can we reduce the impairment in cerebral autoregulation that is found in subjects with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) through the use of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)? It has previously been shown by Nasr et al. (2009) that, under normocapnic conditions, there is a correlation between the severity of OSA and impairment in cerebral autoregulation. OSA is also a risk factor for stroke: the recent review by Torabi-Nami et al. (2015) considers the impact of OSA on both cerebral autoregulation and neurocognition. However, we have only a poor understanding of this area and so this study's attempt to improve cerebral autoregulation is both novel and very welcome. The first interesting finding by Waltz et al. is that during normoxia there is impaired cerebral autoregulation in subjects with severe OSA compared to normal subjects, but that this difference is not found during (isocapnic) hypoxia. Waltz et al. make an interesting suggestion about the relationship between isocapnic hypoxia and sympathetic activity, although this may be very difficult to demonstrate. The importance of hypoxia provides an immediate link to studies performed at altitude where it has been shown that changes in cerebral autoregulation are directly linked to hypoxia (Subudhi et al. 2014). Focusing on hypoxia might well be a promising avenue for future work in this and other contexts. This does of course raise the question of cause and effect. Do alterations in oxygenation level directly cause impaired cerebral autoregulation, at either normocapnia or hypercapnia, and over what time period does this occur? Is OSA the risk factor for both cerebral autoregulation impairment and stroke or is it a risk factor for cerebral autoregulation impairment, which is then a risk factor for stroke? The interactions between these three conditions are of great physiological interest; however, to untangle the different causes and effects is challenging. What treatment would be best is clearly a difficult question to answer. The second result of Waltz et al. does, though, come as a surprise. Treatment of OSA might be thought to be critical to reducing cerebral autoregulation impairment with a possible further effect on stroke risk. However, Waltz et al. show that the treatment of OSA with CPAP does not alter cerebral autoregulation, even after 1 month of therapy. It is not yet clear whether or not this will affect the risk of stroke. After all, although impaired cerebral autoregulation is implicated in a number of pathological conditions, we do not yet know whether it is a cause or a symptom (Payne, 2016). We do need to understand how longerterm CPAP or other treatments might affect this impairment in cerebral autoregulation. Indeed, we should note that there is surprisingly little evidence that cerebral autoregulation can be 'improved'; this study shows that it is unlikely to be straightforward or quick in the context of OSA. What is needed are longer term studies that look at patients over a prolonged period to see if therapies can improve cerebral autoregulation and/or reduce the risk of stroke. The question is also raised of whether it is possible to identify OSA patients early enough to keep the risks of impaired cerebral autoregulation and/or stroke low. Answers to these questions would help to disentangle the relationship between OSA, cerebral autoregulation and stroke in terms of cause and effect. This is very important in the context of a widespread chronic problem that affects a significant proportion of the population and with the continuing increase in obesity levels is likely to rise further. The risks associated with OSA do need to be more widely known to aid in prevention, even if we are not yet able to provide a cure for the impaired autoregulation. Finally, it is worth noting that the studies by Waltz et al. and Subudhi et al. both used transfer function analysis (with different parameter values), whilst the study by Nasr et al. used the Mx correlation metric. Future studies in this area should build upon recent recommendations on the implementation of transfer function analysis for cerebral autoregulation (Claassen et al. 2016), so that direct comparisons can be made. Modelling will also help to interpret these metrics, so that we can understand what an altered transfer function means and how it relates to the underlying physiology: without this, it is difficult to relate the analysis to the physiology. This combination of techniques should aid in trying to identify alternative suitable future therapies.


ABSTRACT Capsule: Northern Gannet Morus bassanus counts obtained from a coastal monitoring network in northern Spain were highly determined by wind conditions. Aims: To determine how external factors including weather conditions affect seabird counts in a land-based seabird monitoring project (Red de observación de Aves y Mamíferos marinos, RAM project; Seabird & Marine Mammal Observation Network). Methods: Seabird counts were obtained from four study capes situated in the southeastern part of the Bay of Biscay in northern Spain. Counts were conducted on a monthly-basis for a period of 3 hours starting at dawn on each sampling day. Data used here were compiled over a 10-year period (2006–15). Results: Northern Gannet numbers were chiefly influenced by meteorological conditions at a local spatial scale. Northwesterly winds were found to positively influence gannet abundance, whereas high relative humidity caused a decrease in abundance. Moreover, gannets were more abundant during the non-breeding period as compared to breeding period. Conclusion: We recommend considering the effect of the wind and relative humidity on land-based seabird counts in the Bay of Biscay when handling data from the RAM protocol in order to avoid biases and misinterpretation of data. Since seabirds approach the coast during harsh weather conditions, the RAM protocol should be improved in order to better account for the distance at which the birds are seen.


Abstract A simple, rapid, and sensitive chemiluminescence method for the determination of colistin (Polymyxin E), a cyclic polypeptide with antibiotic effect produced by certain strains of Bacillus polymyxa, has been developed by combining a flow-injection technique and the bacteria's sensitizing effect on the chemiluminescence reaction between sulfite and acidic permanganate. The optimum conditions for chemiluminescence emission were established. The chemiluminescence was proportional to the log of concentration of colistin over the range 4–100 µg mL−1 (3.5–87 µM). The detection limit was 1.2 µg mL−1 (1.0 µM) of colistin. The method has been satisfactorily used for the determination of colistin in pharmaceuticals.


This study shows that the disease resistance and survival rate of Penaeus monodon in a larval rearing systems can be enhanced by supplementing with antagonistic or non-antagonistic probiotics. The antagonistic mode of action of Pseudomonas MCCB 102 and MCCB 103 against vibrios was demonstrated in larval mesocosm with cultures having sufficient concentration of antagonistic compounds in their culture supernatant. Investigations on the antagonistic properties of Bacillus MCCB 101, Pseudomonas MCCB 102 and MCCB 103 and Arthrobacter MCCB 104 against Vibrio harveyi MCCB 111 under in vitro conditions revealed that Pseudomonas MCCB 102 and MCCB 103 were inhibitory to the pathogen. These inhibitory properties were further confirmed in the larval rearing systems of P. monodon. All these four probionts significantly improved larval survival in long-term treatments as well as when challenged with a pathogenic strain of V. harveyi MCCB 111. We could demonstrate that Pseudomonas MCCB 102 and MCCB 103 accorded disease resistance and a higher survival rate in P. monodon larval rearing systems through active antagonism of vibrios, whereas Bacillus MCCB 101 and Arthrobacter MCCB 104 functioned as probiotics through immunostimulatory and digestive enzyme-supporting modes of action.


Abstract The three-dimensional time-dependent porting process of a scroll compressor is investigated numerically. In the first part of the investigation, the porting flow is examined in the background of an integrated compressor working process. The compressor studied includes the upper bearing housing, scrolls, check valve, and discharge plenum. The Navier-Stokes equations with a k-ɛ turbulence model are solved at the standard operating condition of the scroll compressor. Refrigerant-22 is used as the working fluid. The thermodynamic and transport properties of the refrigerant gas are modelled by the Martin-Hou equation of state and power laws, respectively. Global flow physics is investigated first to lay a foundation to understand the working mechanisms that control the porting process before averaging techniques are applied. The behaviour of the gas pockets in the porting process is characterized in both geometric and dynamic nature. The time-dependent variation of volume, mass, energy, and volume-averaged field quantities inside the gas pockets is studied throughout the porting process. The performance of the given compressor design during the porting process is defined.


Abstract : One of the most crucial aspects of most multidimensional scaling procedures is that the lowest-stress configuration is the output produced. Unfortunately, little is known about the uniqueness of a configuration generated from fallible data, yet this affects the interpretation of the spatial output. It is possible, however, to examine the uniqueness of a scaled solution by constraining the configuration to conform to a particular psychological model. A multidimensional scaling program, CONSCAL, which will allow the imposition of such constraints, is proposed. The implications of this approach for interpreting scaling outputs and for model testing in general are discussed. (Author)


There is no integrated science of civil law in ancient China. Works of law are almost all the code interpretations. New scientific methods and excellent results of civil law from abroad should be absorbed in science of Chinese civil law, to establish a new systemetic science of civil law with the centre of fair.


A simple and efficient protecting group free synthesis of a relatively new fungicide Mandipropamid has been achieved in five steps, with an excellent overall yield. The synthesis started from commercially available starting materials like vanillin and p -chloroacetophenone. The key steps involved in the synthesis are the Henry and Cannizzaro reactions, as well as amide formation through a carboxylic acid-amine coupling step.


Two hundred and 26 grade 11* student participated on this study in order to understand the relationship between the parent's social supports, the educational level of father and mother, and the student's motivation to study. This study revealed that the first hypothesis was significant r(226) = .404 i.e. there was relationship between parent's social supports and student's motivation to study. The determinant coefficient was also low (16.3%). 1 lowever. the 2" 1 and 3" hypotheses were insignificant. Several limitations and recommendations according to this low contribution of independent variable toward the dependent variable, and the two insignificant hypotheses arc discussed.


The mode competition mechanism in concentric 4-core and 7-core fiber lasers with large mode area single mode (SM) fiber as in-phase supermode selection component is presented. The coupling coefficient between the fundamental mode in large mode area SM fiber and each supermode in mutlicore fiber is discussed. For individual supermode in multicore fiber, the coupling coefficient is optimized as a function of the core radius of SM fiber as well as the distance between multicore fiber and SM fiber. The optimization results demonstrate that only two supermodes are involved in concentric-type fiber lasing - in-phase and anti-phase supermode, owing to the negligible coupling coefficients of the other supermodes. Furthermore, to achieve the best in-phase supermode selection, the core radius of SM fiber will be optimized for maximum coupling coefficient difference between in-phase supermode and anti-phase supermodes. The numerical results illustrate that in-phase supermode always dominate the output and is the highest when the distance equals zero. Compared to conventional multicore fiber lasers with Talbot cavity, this all-fiber configuration based on large mode area SM fiber has higher-order supermodes more efficiently suppressed and high-brightness output may be achieved.


Vaclav Havel in 1994 expressed great concern that the Maastricht Treaty and other public documents which constitute the formal basis for the economic unification of Europe pay too little heed to the social values which for more than 2,000 years have shaped and formed European civilization and culture. What is missing is a vision for the European economic union beyond the specifics, as Havel puts it, of "how many carrots can be exported". Drawing heavily from the public statements of John Paul II, this article seeks to offer such a vision by making those social values more visible. Centrally important to this vision are justice and person about which John Paul has written extensively. The rights and duties set forth in this article derive from these two concepts, and are intertwined with them. Indeed, there is no justice without rights which are respected and duties which are lived, and human beings are not fully persons if their rights are not affirmed. Further, while rights and duties may be expressed somewhat differently from one cultural setting to the next, they are the same in principle for all.


The QuickBird telescope represents a significant accomplishment as the first large-aperture, high-resolution, totally unobscured optical system developed as a fixed-price commercial product. The telescope was aligned and tested in a dedicated facility at Ball Aerospace and Technologies Corp. specially developed to reduce the total process time of building and testing complex optical systems. This presentation summarizes design features, mirror- manufacturing results, telescope alignment, and test results.


The main scientific objective of the Comet Nucleus Sounding Experiment by Radiowave Transmission (CONSERT) is to determine the dielectric properties of comet 67P/Chuyurmov-Gerasimenko's nucleus. This will be achieved by performing a sounding of the comet's core between the lander "Philae" launched on the comet's surface and the orbiter "Rosetta". For the sounding the lander will receive, process and retransmit the radio signal emitted by the CONSERT instrument aboard the orbiter. With data measured during the first science phase, a three-dimensional model of the material distribution with regard to the complex dielectric permittivity of the comet's nucleus is to be reconstructed.


The aim of this text is to describe a typology of intervention instruments which could be the base for an institutional policy for promoting open access. This typology has five main areas: establishment of technical infrastructures and services, information and dissemination actions, economic incentivation, institutional coordination, regulation (mandate), and inspection or control. Several instruments for each one of this areas and relevant international examples are indicated.


This work studies the design of a tool which primary objective is to capture all IP traffic on different access technologies present on mobile devices that use Windows Phone 7 operating system. In order to achieve the best results, we propose that this tool is run on the terminals themselves, to get a real sense of performance offered by the different protocols.


Definitions of health literacy have evolved from notions of health-related literacy to a multidimensional concept that incorporates the importance of social and cultural knowledge, practices and contexts. This evolution is evident in the development of instruments that seek to measure health literacy in different ways. Health literacy measurement is important for global health because diverse stakeholders, including the WHO, use these data to inform health practice and policy, and to understand sources of inequity. In this Practice paper, we explore the potential for negative consequences, bias and epistemic injustice to occur when health literacy instruments are used across settings without due regard for the lived experiences of people in various contexts from whom data are collected. A health literacy measurement approach that is emic-sensitive, strengths based and solution oriented is needed to minimise biased data interpretation and use and to avoid epistemic injustice.


The work presented here is one of the key elements of an integrated methodology for predicting reliability in packaging systems (IMPRPK) developed by Arizona State University (ASU) and Intel. IMPRPK approach is based on a probabilistic methodology, focusing on three major tasks: (1) Finite Element analysis (FEM) to predict loading conditions, (2) Characterization of BGA solder joints to identify failure mechanisms and obtain statistical data, and (3) development of a probabilistic methodology to achieve an integrated reliability solution. The focus of this paper is on FEM (task 1), evaluating the effect of package design/form-factor and solder materials on the extent of deformation (e.g., inelastic stress/strain and strain energy density) experienced by BGA solder joints. Global and Local FEM results for two different package designs (Flip-chip and wire-bonded FLI) and two different BGA solder materials (lead-free SAC405 and lead-rich eutectic Sn37Pb) are discussed. The FEM results and the applicability o...


The  lifelong  learning  theory  examines  professional development of all those working in community learning and development, further education, higher education, and work based learning.  The lifelong professional development can be understood as a an organized purposeful process aimed at  the  raising  the  level  of  professional  skills  by  improving professional  competences  in  compliance  with  the  new socialandeconomical,  technological  and/  or  international requirements and standards. However, not much research currently  exists  on  the  process  of  lifelong  professional development  of  scientificandpedagogical  personnel.The goal of this study was to examine methodological bases of lifelong  professional  development  model  of  scientificand pedagogical  personnel  on  the  general  scientific,  specific scientific  and  methodologicalandtechnological  levels. Research  indicates  that  integration  of  the  andragogical approach,  the  competencebased  approach  and  the modular  approach  into  pedagogical  conceptual  model  in educational  practice  of  Chelyabinsk  State  Pedagogical University  provided  a  significantly  positive  development  of lifelong  advanced  training.  These  results  provide  general support for lifelong professional development hypothesis


In my graduation thesis we analized the project for building the housing estate Nova Grbina. We wrote about estimated and factual cost for building the housing estate Nova Grbina. We used this information to compare the estimated and factual costs and to analized the recession between them. We used various kinds of methods for evalution of investment and by using ther criterions, we estimated the financial effectiveness. The evaluation of investment showed us pozitive results, that the project was financial admissible by all criterions. Whith the comapare of financial results befor and after the construction we found out, that the project was carried trought better than anticipated.


Abstract The variations of the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) associated with the South China Sea Summer Monsoon were examined using the Global Positioning System (GPS) sounding datasets obtained four times daily during May-June 1998 on board Research Vessels Kexue 1 and Shiyan 3. The MABL height is defined as the height at the lowest level where virtual potential temperature increases by 1 K from the surface. The results indicate that the MABL height decreased over the northern South China Sea (SCS) and remained the same over the southern SCS, as sea surface temperature (SST) fell for the northern and rose for the southern SCS after the monsoon onset. Over the northern SCS, a decrease in both the SST and the surface latent-heat flux after the onset resulted in a reduction of the MABL height as well as a decoupling of MABL from clouds. It was found that MABL height reduction corresponded to rainfall occurrence. Over the southern SCS, a probable reason for the constant increase of SST and surface heat flux was the rainfall and internal atmospheric dynamics.


Design and Implementation of Clipcast Service via Terrestrial DMB This paper outlines the system design and the implementation process of clipcast service that can send clips of video, mp3, text, images, etc. to terrestrial DMB terminals. To provide clipcast service in terrestrial DMB, a separate data channel needs to be allocated and this requires changes in the existing bandwidth allocation. Clipcast contents can be sent after midnight at around 3 to 4 AM, when terrestrial DMB viewship is low. If the video service bit rate is lowered to 352 Kbps and the TPEG service band is fully used, then 320 Kbps bit rate can be allocated to clipcast. To enable clipcast service, the terminals` DMB program must be executed, and this can be done through SMS and EPG. Clipcast service applies MOT protocol to transmit multimedia objects, and transmits twice in carousel format for stable transmission of files. Therefore, 72Mbyte data can be transmitted in one hour, which corresponds to about 20 minutes of full motion video service at 500Kbps data rate. When running the clip transmitted through terrestrial DMB data channel, information regarding the length of each clip is received through communication with the CMS(Content Management Server), then error-free files are displayed. The clips can be provided to the users as preview contents of the complete VOD contents. In order to use the complete content, the user needs to access the URL allocated for that specific content and download the content by completing a billing process. This paper suggests the design and implementation of terrestrial DMB system to provide clipcast service, which enables file download services as provided in MediaFLO, DVB-H, and the other mobile broadcasting systems. Unlike the other mobile broadcasting systems, the proposed system applies more reliable SMS method to activate the DMB terminals for highly stable clipcast service. This allows hybrid, i.e, both SMS and EPG activations of terminals for clipcast services.


What does every parent of an autistic child worry about the most? For those of us with severely affected children, the answer to that question is: "Who will care for my child and keep her safe when I am gone?" I drove my daughter back to her "group home" for a scheduled drop off on Saturday. There was only one car in the driveway and the house van was gone. Lily was not happy about returning "home." Agitated, she opened the door to the car, almost before it was stopped, ran to the back of the house, and up the fi re escape stairs to the door of her third fl oor bathroom, as if she was avoiding going through the main living rooms of the house. I called up to her that there was no one at home and she came back down and pushed through the unlocked door. Racing ahead of me, she was already shed of her clothes and in the shower: her self–calming method that she used whenever returning to the house. Thirty minutes later, after three attempts to leave the shower and throwing up in the shower, she dressed and ran back out to our car. I played her favorite music, attempting to calm her anxiety. This transition, from home to "group home," was increasingly diffi cult due to recent changes in staff and housemates. Having no one there to greet her was ratcheting up the anxiety level for both of us. When the on–call manager came, Lily was so distraught that I asked for her medications and took her back home with me. Two days later she was calm enough and I was reassured enough to return her to the house. Somehow the house manager made the incident my fault. Perhaps I did react strongly, but on refl ection, what triggered the strong reaction in me was the insecurity I felt at fi nding no one home. It seemed like a breach of trust. Like we were left, abandoned, our plans shattered and at the mercy of fate. Strong emotions for a little mix–up in communications (if that is what it was) but, nevertheless, there it is—how I felt and more to the point how my daughter felt. I relate this story because it illustrates what has changed the most about our lives since Lily left her school and entered the world of adult services: missing is the feeling of trust and security that responsible caring people would keep Lily safe when my husband and I cannot. My 25–year–old daughter Lily has severe autism. She was the most beautiful and easy baby imaginable and appeared to develop normally until she began to lose speech and have night terrors at 15 months of age. She was diagnosed initially with atypical autism, then pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specifi ed, and fi nally with autism at age four. From age four to twenty–two, she attended a specialized school for autism where she received age level academics, therapies for speech, and training in self–care and independent living. She did not do well in academics nor did she regain her lost speech. She did learn to care for herself with assistance and, as important, she gained social and behavioral skills and learned to live with others in a social way. She Personal Narratives Parenting Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders Through the Transition to Adulthood


Post translational modifications (PTMs) are orchestrated by highly active and reversible enzymatic systems to regulate the functional diversity of proteins. Because of their dynamic nature, PTMs are used by the cell as a controllable system to regulate a wide variety of processes. Studying modifications of proteins will give us more insight in how the cell uses PTMs to regulate cellular processes and how different PTMs act together to adjust the function of proteins. The research described in this thesis focuses one of these PTMs, the Small ubiquitin-Like Modifier (SUMO). SUMOs are proteins that are covalently attached to lysines in target proteins. These studies have uncovered hundreds of SUMO target proteins and acceptor sites and revealed a role for SUMOylation in protein degradation, cell cycle progression and DNA repair


Ambiguity is a universal yet complicated phenomenon that exists in all languages.It will be useful for participants to establish and maintain smooth interpersonal communication under the condition that ambiguity is well-illustrated.the lexicogrammatical ambiguity theoretically was explored based on Systemic Functional Grammar.This study,by illustrating ambiguities that exist in nominal groups and clauses,indicates that systemic functional grammar has some advantages in explaining and eliminating lexicogrammatical ambiguity.


Two nematodes, a male and a female, were found in the stomach of a haddock, Gadus aeglefinus Linn.; they were lying close together and protruding from the wall of the stomach into its cavity. They were sent to Mr Stephen Prudhoe of the British Museum (N.H.), who identified them as probably Ascarophis morrhuae van Beneden. The worms were the only two nematodes found in this fish, and on account of their proximity, and the fact that they both belong to the genus Ascarophis, it is assumed that they are a pair. As the male of this species has not apparently been described so far, an account of the single specimen is given below.


Applications requiring a constant terminal voltage may benefit from using a distribution transformer based on ferroresonance. This transformer guarantees an output voltage complying with all standards for large fluctuations in input voltage. This offers significant advantages over on-load tap changer control for certain applications, and can be an alternative for power electronic based systems. In this paper the operation of a three-phase constant-voltage-transformer (CVT) is analysed, its behaviour is modelled, and this model is used in simulations. A low power prototype has been built to validate the design equations. Measurements are compared to simulation results to test the accuracy of the numerical model. An excellent agreement is found between experiments and calculated results if component losses are taken into account properly. The functionality of the prototype is evaluated with respect to efficiency, harmonic distortion, power factor and unbalanced operation. The influence of different loading conditions has also been investigated. The prototype is found to work properly up to a maximum power demand, both for resistive as for partly capacitive or inductive loads.


Agricultural energy usage is an important topic among agricultural industry producers, manufacturers, and regulators. The transfer of power between axle and drawbar is identified as one of the greatest inefficiencies in agricultural field operations. Understanding the stresses at the soil-tire interface would provide insight into the current state of tire traction development and data useful in developing future tire designs. This article presents a measurement system to quantify the normal stresses at the soil-tire interface of an agricultural tractor tire, thus making it possible to evaluate these stresses along the tire footprint. A normal stress measurement system was developed in the laboratory and tested in the field. Additionally, a dedicated data acquisition system was developed, tested, and validated in the field environment. Test results show the system capabilities as well as information on the challenges of drawing general, consistent conclusions concerning the stresses developed between a tire and the soil at field working speeds in agricultural soil.


Introduction: Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) is a significant health problem in both developing and developed countries. In India, cutaneous TB constitutes about 0.1% to 2% of the total skin diseases attending outpatients. Aim and objectives: To study the clinical spectrum and therapeutic outcome in cutaneous TB. Material and Methods: Medical records of diagnosed cases of cutaneous TB from June 2015 to June 2018 were analyzed retrospectively with respect to epidemiology, clinical features, investigations, and treatment outcome. Statistical analysis was done using mean, median, and proportion. Results: Fifty-two patients with cutaneous TB were recruited. Females (61.53%) outnumbered males. The most common age group affected was 21–30 years (32.69%) followed by 41–50 years (30%). Lupus vulgaris was the most common clinical type with head and neck being the most common site of involvement. Mantoux positivity was reported in 67.30% of patients while raised ESR in 71.15% of patients. Two patients had serology positive for HIV. Conclusive evidence of TB on histopathology was reported in 86.53%. Excellent response was observed in cases of lupus vulgaris, scrofuloderma, and tuberculosis verrucosa cutis. Conclusion: This retrospective analysis emphasizes the importance of clinicopathological correlation and therapeutic response in cutaneous TB. Although positive results of ESR, Mantoux reactivity, and TB cultures facilitate the clinical diagnosis, negative results should not exclude the diagnosis of cutaneous TB. This prominent case detection in the era of the Revised National TB Control Programme, in short period of time signifies health burden of cutaneous TB in this part of Maharashtra.


Correspondence: email@example.com CSLT, RIIT, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China Full list of author information is available at the end of the article Abstract Music embedding often causes significant performance degradation in automatic speech recognition (ASR). This paper proposes a music-removal method based on the denoising autoencoder (DAE) that learns and removes music from music-embedded speech signals. Our study shows that the DAE model can learn patterns of music in different genres and the DAE-based music removal offers significant performance improvement for ASR. Furthermore, involving convolutional feature extraction offers additional performance gains. Finally, we demonstrate that the music-removal DAE is largely language independent, which means that a model trained with data in one language can be applied to remove music from speech in another language, and models trained with multilingual data may lead to better performance.


The invention relates to a communication control device between a point to point module (10) and a transmission bus (22), the device comprising a circuit board (20) which carries the transmission bus (22) and which comprises a connecting member (21) for connecting the module (10) to the communication bus (22). The printed circuit (20) comprises a communication control unit (23) disposed between the transmission bus (22) and the connecting element (21), said unit (23) having logic gates unidirectional communication (24E, 24R), and includes a control logic circuit (30) of said logic gates (24E, 24R). Application to PLCs.


AIM To compare the new methods which can be used fo r soring the stages of rat sleep. METHODS Cortical EEG and hippocampal potential(HP) were collected by implanted electrodes in freely moving rats. Gravity frequency (f g) and the complexities(Kc,C 1), were calculated. According to the characteristics of each stage and by studying the histogram of f g, Kc and C 1, the stages of rat sleep were distinguished. RESULTS The methods of f g, Kc and C 1 can distinguish the Waking, nonrapid eye movement(NREM) and REM sleep well. Comparing the results of visual and our analysis, the rate of accordance is above 85%, and the analysis based on the complexity measure is more believable than that based on the f g. CONCLUSION The gravity frequency and the complexities of Kc,C 1 can be used to distinguish the different stages of rat sleep.


Objective To investigate the anatomic characteristics of the intravertebral venous plexus and its relationship with the pathogenesis of venously hypertensive myelopathy. Methods Fifteen cadavers were used in the study. The intravertebral anterior and posterior venous plexuses which had been moulded are dissected and observed. Results The intravertebral anterior venous plexus, which was on the ventrolateral to the spinal cord, was dense and the main part of the intravertebral venous plexus. They were two arch-like veins which vertically ran along the spinal canal. The many branches of transversal anastomosis were densely ranged. The posterior intravertebral venous plexus which was on the ventrolateral to the vertebral arch and subflavous ligament, was scanty and irregular. Conclusions The intravertebral venous plexus drains the venous blood from the anterior and posterior spinal veins which form a respective longitudinal axis on the anterior and posterior to the spinal cord. There is bidrectional blood flow in the intravertebral veinous plexuses because they have no valves. When the veins are congestive, the venous pressure increase and the spinal veins are tortuous and dilated.


It is a saying that "Health is Wealth" and no matter how much wealth one has, it loses its significance if one is not healthy enough to enjoy it. There are wide individual variations regarding health-seeking behaviors. With the launch of National Health Mission, it has been observed that the availability of facilities nearby has encouraged residents especially to avail those facilities which will result in minimization of transportation cost. Literacy and health status has a strong correlation with facilities effective utilization but varies on a regional scale with Kerala still at the top (1). While studying various health-seeking behaviors among pregnant women, Das and Sarkar found that doctors and para-medical staff were only consulted during complications. Lack of access to health care and pregnancy-related health information led their study participants to rely heavily on information and misconceptions about pregnancy gathered from elder women, friends, and mothers-in-law and husbands (2).


Point out that the academic special zone — university academy should be built in researching universities and researching-teaching universities according to "985 project" platform's state. Explain the types and features of universities' academic universities. Suggest Chinese university academy should adopt dynamic union innovational system. It should be made up by a coordinate center and four function models ("project resource storeroom", "researching & developing group", "fruit transforming station", "teaching & researching joint department"). Being high knowledge innovational platform & researching fruit industrialized hatchery, Chinese university academy present some new features, such as organic whole in producing, studying and researching, combining teaching, researching with developing, etc. Chinese universities' academic universities taste in leadership, organization and human affairs can accumulate valuable experience to decision system establishing, research organization integrating, group encourage mechanism building and international evaluating system founding in researching university.


Young college teachers' ideological and moral behavior have a direct influence on college students.The young teachers account for 34% of the total number of school staff in Jiamusi university,also young teachers constitute 35% of the total number of Party members.Thus,understanding young teachers' ideological and positively recruiting outstanding young teachers in joining the Party organization is the main task in reinforcing the construction of basic level Party organization and actively exerting Party members' pioneer exemplary function.


By mining records from 1808 to 2017, researchers can now show just how many lives have likely been saved by technology like radar.


The floor impact sound is important factor for comfortable indoor
environment in multi-family housing. In order to develop the
reduction method and to predict the sound insulation performance,
 it is necessary to analyze accurately the transmission
 characteristics of impact sound.
The goal of this study is to evaluate the sound power which is
 radiated by floor impact sound by using sound intensity method
and to suggest the contribution ratio of surfaces of receiving room.
The results show that the contribution ratios of the ceiling for
 heavy and light weight impact source are separately 55%, 34% and
those of the four side wall are separately 42%, 55%. Therefore, to
 reduce the impact sound power of receiving room more effectively,
 the reduction method in the wall of receiving room as well as the
 floor of source room should be considered.


In its essence, a man is a discoverer and researcher. His irresistible desire for knowledge gives birth to progress, and he the thirst to master the secrets of nature. The process of conquering the mountains is long and continuous. A major stage in the development of alpinism was the climbing of Mont Blanc in 1776 by the physician Michelle-Gabriel Pacar and the mountain shepherd and crystal collector Jacques Balma, who was also his guide during the climbing. With this significant climbing, only one stage of exploring the mountains ends. The importance of mountain guides, being professionals, for the development of alpinism, driven by the desires of their clients and scientific and educational purpose is huge. They lay the foundations of modern techniques and methods in alpinism, and create functional equipment for mountain climbing.


Purpose

There are many structures that have a repetitive pattern. If a relationship can be established between a repetitive structure and a circulant structure, then the repetitive structure can be analyzed by using the properties of the corresponding circulant structure. The purpose of this paper is to develop such a transformation.

Design/methodology/approach

A circulant matrix has certain properties that can be used to reduce the complexity of the analysis. In this paper, repetitive and near-repetitive structures are transformed to circulant structures by adding and/or eliminating some elements of the structure. Numerical examples are provided to show the efficiency of the present method.

Findings

A transformation is established between a repetitive structure and a circulant structure, and the analysis of the repetitive structure is performed by using the properties of the corresponding circulant structure.

Originality/value

Repetitive and near-repetitive structures are transformed to circulant structures, and the complexity of the analysis of the former structures is reduced by analyzing the latter structures.


The rise of social networks and the accompanying interest to study their evolution has stimulated a number of research efforts to analyze their growth patterns by means of network analysis. The inherent graph-like structure of object-oriented systems calls for the application of the corresponding methods and tools to analyze software evolution. In this paper we investigate network properties of two open-source systems and observe interesting phenomena regarding their growth. Relating the observed evolutionary trends to principles and laws of software design enables a highlevel assessment of tendencies in the underlying design quality.


This report sets out to put the finger on and contrast the strengths and weaknesses of two different technologies of database management, relational database management systems (RDBMS) vs. object-oriented database management systems (ODBMS). The ODBMS is the youngest of the two and has had great success in challenging the overwhelming dominance of RDBMS in many areas concerned with complex data, e.g. computer aided design, software engineering, multi-media etc. The virtue of ODBMSs is their ability to provide a persistent storage for all kinds of objects. These objects can be created in most of the popular object oriented programming languages and can then be stored and manipulated in a safe manner in an ODBMS. The areas, or parts of areas, where RDBMSs are the stronger are concerning solidity of data model foundation, experience, set standards, query optimization, concurrency control locks, support for views, support for security, suitability for on-line transaction processing. Both types of DBMSs are continuously extending their capabilities towards a common goal using different techniques. Whether one will become the sole dominant or if the two will have their own niches of the market is too early to say.


The letrozole has been synthesized and characterized by X\|ray single crystal analysis. The results show that the crystal is monoclinic, space group P2 1/n with a =7.030 0(14), b =16.170(3), c =13.360(3), β =104.80(3), V =1 468.3(5) 3 and Z =4. In the crystal lattice, the molecules are in a two\|dimension network structure through hydrogen bonds and van der waals interaction.


In this paper, we study the uniqueness problems of entire fun ctions sharing one value with weightl (l = 0,1,2). The results in this paper improve the related results giv en by X.Y. Zhang and W.C. Lin, M.L. Fang, C.C. Yang and X.H. Hua, e tc.


The glass fiber honeycomb sandwich panel is an efficient structural configuration which has been widely used in several designs related to air, sea, and land transport systems. Terahertz time domain spectroscopy technology is an effective supplementary method for nondestructive evaluation of composites. Terahertz time domain spectroscopy imaging technology in the reflection configuration was employed to detect the defects of glass fiber honeycomb sandwich panels, such as a skin-core debonding and a foreign inclusion. It was shown in systematic experimental investigation that different defects were detected through terahertz imaging based on different parameters, which were obtained by comparing and analyzing the waveforms in time and/or frequency domain between normal and defective regions of the sample.


The comparative experimental research on point load strength,uniaxial compressive strength and tensile strength of rocks in the roof and floor of coal seam was carried out by the self-made point load tester to obtain a quick and accurate method to predict uniaxial compressive strength and tensile strength through point load strength.The results show that the samples of coarse stone with lower point load strength are greatly influenced by loading rate and loading direction;so the errors of the predictive values and actual values are quite large.For the rock samples with larger point load strength,their linear correlations are higher among strengths of three types.It provides an important basis for the determination of rock strength and rock mass classification in the roof-floor of coal seam.


This paper presents data on the abundance and diversity of useful coleopteran species collected in the plum plantation in Poboru, Olt county. The research was carried out in 2022, starting from April to September.During the observation period, research was carried out on the entomofauna of useful coleoptera found in the Poboru orchard ecosystem. This was subjected to an analysis regarding the structure and abundance of useful coleopterans encountered in the studied fruit crop, and they were selected from the total of coleopterans identified and treated separately.Thus, in 2022, 8 species from the Carabidae family, 2 species from the Staphilinidae family and 10 species from the Coccinellidae family were identified.According to the data obtained in 2022, the Coccinellidae family represented 61.12%, the Carabidae family accounted for 28.75% and the Staphilinidae family 10.13%.


Two new spirostane-steroidal saponins, bletilnoside A (I) and bletilnoside B (II), are isolated along with five known compounds from the roots of bletilla striata.


The teaching aim of audit course on accounting major in higher vocational colleges is to equip students with knowledge and skills in audit assistant post.We must consider how to help students improve the audit ability and reflect the key and difficult points of learning to meet the students' needs of employment and development in curriculum design.


The high rate of use of sodium chloride and calcium chloride for deicing, as well as poor storage and handling, have caused serious water pollution problems. There has also been widespread damage to roadside soils, vegetation, and trees. The EPA has initiated 4 projects in an attempt to better understand and control the road salt problem. The first project was a study that highlighted the need for more information on the effects of salt on the environment and man-made structures to allow accurate cost-benefit analyses of alternate approaches. Research is now under way to identify an inexpensive hydrophobic or icephobic substance that would reduce ice adhesion when applied to the pavement (second project). Economic analyses of salt damage and alternate methods are also being further explored (the third project). The fourth project will determine methods of optimum salt use, develop a guide for salt storage and handling, and examine the ecological effect of dumping large quantities of snow from streets and highway into bodies or water supply watersheds.


This paper reports on a qualitative study of child protection in the UK. The research involved children's practitioners from a range of agencies, including social care, education, health and youth offending, who were asked about working together on complex child protection cases. The aim was to explore how participants talked about complexity in these cases, in order to deconstruct influential perspectives on interprofessional working. Interview transcripts were analysed using critical discourse analysis, a qualitative method that examines patterns of language use in relation to social structures of power and control. The findings identified three overall perspectives: clinical, expert system and relation-centred approaches, which practitioners combined in various ways. These perspectives have a bearing on how the 'team around the child' is conceptualized in discourse about child protection. The paper links these findings to the assumptions of predictability and control currently embedded in policy and practice guidance, and explores their implications for social workers and other children's practitioners.


Harmonic oscillation damped by quadratic drag force is rarely found in physics textbooks. We present typical characteristics of the phenomenon and an analytical tool for the experimental determination of the resistance regime. The measurement is simulated using randomly generated amplitudes with different types of statistical and systematic errors. Their impact on the process of distinguishing between the linear and quadratic regimes and on the measured damping parameters is studied.Harmonic oscillation damped by quadratic drag force is rarely found in physics textbooks. We present typical characteristics of the phenomenon and an analytical tool for the experimental determination of the resistance regime. The measurement is simulated using randomly generated amplitudes with different types of statistical and systematic errors. Their impact on the process of distinguishing between the linear and quadratic regimes and on the measured damping parameters is studied.


This paper contributes to the widespread discussion of the sources of the divergence between WTA and WTP values. The paper reports on theoretical and empirical investigations which show that value and outcome uncertainty offer an explanation for this disparity. Given a set of hypotheses generated by the theory, the paper investigates the disparity using an inducedvalue experimental laboratory setting. The incentive-compatible Becker-DeGroot-Marshak mechanism is employed to elicit the WTP and WTA values. Two conclusions can be drawn from the empirical results. First, the WTA - WTP difference is generally increasing in both value and outcome uncertainty. Second, a re-contracting option reduces the disparity when it arises from value uncertainty. Key Words: Experimental, Uncertainty, WTP-WTA disparity


The EPFL and the VUB have been investigating the response of metal detectors within the framework of humanitarian demining research activities, in particular frequency domain systems. A simple circuit model has bene looked at first, followed by the analysis of a more completed model. As has also been stressed before, this analysis indicates the possibility of identifying some metallic objects. In addition the phase shift of the received signal turns out to be a continuous, monotonically decreasing function of the object size; this leads to the idea of imposing a 'phase threshold' in order to reduce the amount of detected clutter. This discrimination-based approach is less ambitious than object identification, but is likely to be more robust and to work when looking for metallic objects of a certain size, e.g. non minimum-metal mines or UXO. A first series of measurements was therefore carried out using a commercially available, differential tow frequent metal detector, the Foerster MINEX 2FD. The detector's internal signals have been recorded in a laboratory setup along linear scans varying different object parameters for several representative objects. The collection of data as a function of movement enables the possibility of analyzing the data in the complex plane, and makes it possible to exploit global object properties. Some representative results are presented and the limits of such discrimination/identification approaches briefly outlined.


Abstract Severe droughts occurred over eastern sections of North America and central sections of South America in 1986 and 1988. We summarize data suggesting that both periods were characterized by above-normal tropical Atlantic sea surface temperatures and convection, and investigate the response of a general circulation model to positive heating anomalies in the tropical Atlantic sector. An eight-case control ensemble of 30 day global predictions is made starting from the atmospheric state observed on 1 January of each year from 1977 through 1984. The same eight cases are integrated in a second experimental ensemble that is identical to the first control ensemble, except that a heating term is added to the thermodynamic equation in a region centered at 30°W, 6.6°N. This is intended to simulate the latent heating of enhanced tropical Atlantic convection. The third ensemble is identical to the second, except the heating is centered at 6.6°S. Both heated ensembles produce reductions of forecast precipitati...


Energy efficiency and hygrothermal performance of retrofitted historical building envelopes under climatic conditions of Prague is analyzed in the paper. In order to meet the requirements on the original facade appearance of buildings belonging to architectural heritage, the retrofitting is carried out using different types of interior thermal insulation systems. The computational results indicate that hydrophilic or capillary active materials can represent a suitable material solution as they can significantly improve the energy efficiency (up to 87% in the studied cases) while their hygrothermal performance is good from a building physics point of view.


This paper deals with Turkey's alignment with the EU norms in the area of tourism and consists of two main parts: Part one is an account of the European Union's approach to the tourism policy and the recent developments observed. Part two attempts to assess the progress made by Turkey in the adoption of the Acquis pertaining to tourism that covers a broad range of topics such as the internal market policy, competition policy, public health and consumer protection policies, regional development policy and the environmental policy, etc. In order to limit the scope, the discussion expands on the main axis of Enterprise and Industrial Policy, which forms the subject matter of Chapter 20 of the Negotiating Framework for Turkey.


Glycinebetaine is synthesized in plants by the two-step oxidation of choline, with betaine aldehyde as the intermediate. The reactions are catalyzed by choline mono-oxygenase and betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase. Rice plants, which do not accumulate glycinebetaine, possess a gene encoding betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase, whose activity is detectable at low levels. To evaluate the compatibility in rice of glycinebetaine on growth and tolerance to salt, cold and heat, we produced transgenic rice plants by introduction of a cDNA for betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase of barley, which is localized in peroxisomes unlike the chloroplast-specific localization of betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase in spinach and sugar beet. The transgenic rice plants converted high levels of exogenously applied betaine aldehyde (up to 10 mol m 3 ) to glycinebetaine more efficiently than did wild-type plants. The elevated level of glycinebetaine in transgenic plants conferred significant tolerance to salt, cold and heat stress. However, very high levels of glycinebetaine, resulting from conversion of applied betaine aldehyde to glycinebetaine or from exogenous application, inhibited increases in length of rice plants but not increases in dry weight. Our results suggested that the benefits of accumulation of glycinebetaine by rice plants might be considerable under high light conditions.


A commercially available flow meter was adapted to use as a field instrument for determination of saprolite hydraulic conductivity. Experiments with artificial standards composed of Portland cement and sand mixed in various ratios demonstrated the potential use of the instrument. The mixes served as standards relating the air permeability measured by the instrument to the hydraulic conductivity of the samples. Heat shrinkable plastic was used to encase both the standard samples as well aa field samples for hydraulic conductivity determl nations. Two hundred fifty saprolite cores were analyzed. The saprolites studied were developed on a variety of rock types. Average hydraulic conductivities determined from the air permeameter measurements on dry samples fell in the 10'~ cm/sec range. Sandy saprolite had hydraulic conductivities in the 10'~cm/sec range, and for some relatively pure clay samples hydraulic conductivity was 10'~ to lo-' cm/sec. It is believed that the air permeameter can be a useful, costeffective instrument for systematic study of hydraulic conductivity of saprolite. It also can be an effective tool for reconnaissance determinations of hydraulic conductivity at proposed waste disposal sites. Its particular usefulness arises from the rapidity of the hydraulic conductivity determinations and therefore the ability to make a large number of determinations in a short period of time.


Lewin, & Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale, Beck Anxiety (BAI-II) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II). Results: The internal consis tency with Cronbach's alpha and correlation of each ques tionnaire's items with total score of scale showed acceptable reliability. In addition, confirmatory factor analysis showed that two-factor s tructure of this scale was appropriate. the results of convergent validity indicated that Misophonia Ques tionnaire has a significant positive relationship with Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale, Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI-II) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II). Conclusion: The results showed that Misophonia Ques tionnaire is a valid and reliable


Increasingly, student learning is online or computer-mediated. Keyboards and screens are replacing pens and books. This is just as true in schools as in universities. These educational institutions are socially conservative, especially with respect to high-stakes assessments that credential the awards they make. Gradually, computer-based assessments are being trialled, in a multitude of forms. This symposium brought together a diverse group of such trials from Iceland to Australia. Geographically diverse, they represent a variety of approaches to eExams. Some use institutional equipment in dedicated spaces on campus. Others allow candidates to use their own computer, either under a security blanket or by booting from an alternative to the internal hard-drive. Each of these technological approaches has different sets of educational affordances. We are still evaluating the benefits and barriers for these different approaches. Some institutions value the time saved for teaching staff through automated marking. Others look at the entire assessment reticulation process, from examination composition to return of marks to candidates. Yet another group look at the potential for curriculum transformation arising from computer use at the assessment stage. Participants shared their design decisions and practical implementation experiences. Going forward, we may see commonality emerging that will make eExams convenient, reliable and educationally beneficial.


An efficient numerical method is presented to simulate the thin wire structures with multilayered coating in the horizontally layered media. A target application can be underground wireless communication using electromagnetic telemetry (EMT), which consists of a long metal drill string treated as a thin wire and a gap near the drill bit as the source. The numerical scheme uses the electric field integral equation (EFIE) and layered media Green's function (LMGF) to model the electromagnetic interaction of the drill string and layered media. The effect of the multilayered coating (drilling fluid, cement, and casings in borehole) is modeled using the equivalence principle without increasing the number of unknowns. Only the induced current on the thin wire is discretized as the unknowns. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method.


Uranium(IV) complexes of empirical formula U(NO3)4L2(L = piperazine, 1-methyl-, 2-methyl-, 1-phenyl-, 1,4-dimethyl-, 2,6-dimethyl-, or 2,5-dimethyl-piperazine) have been prepared by a new method involving the in situ reaction of uranium(IV) nitrate with the ligands. Infrared spectral studies indicate the nitrate groups to be co-ordinated in a chelating bidentate fashion and the piperazines in a chair conformation. The electronic spectra and magnetic properties are also discussed.


An increase in the quantity and density of antenna elements increases the mismatched failure rate and measurement difficulty of the multiple-input multiple-output. To simplify the measurement method of the S11 parameter utilizing the traditional vector network analyzer, this article proposes a multiple-input multiple-output measurement method based on microwave imaging. The multiple-input multiple-output element was designed, and then the existence of mismatched scattering of the mismatched state through microwave one-dimensional and two-dimensional imaging simulations was verified. A wideband Vivaldi antenna was designed for measurement imaging verification. The research results show that the proposed method is capable of detecting the mismatched scattering of mismatched elements as well as accurately locating the mismatched elements and mismatched position of circuits behind the element, which improves the measurement efficiency.


This paper summarizes some of the research on verb predicates that has taken place at the University of Central Florida during the last few years. It also describes how this research may be related to the MEANING project. The point is made that the de nition of predicates linked to a general ontology, such as that of WordNet, and to grammatical relations can solve the crucial issues of verb and prepositional meaning and thematic roles. Also, it is suggested that a broad ontology of predicates, which would be language-free as far as ontological categories is concerned, could be extended relatively easy to other languages, resulting into ontologies of predicates similar to the di erent \wordnets" that have emerged from WordNet. This ontology of predicates could facilitate multilingual tasks such as information retrieval and machine translation, as well as deeper monolingual natural language processing tasks, such as under-


Part I. Conceptual Tools and Methods: 1. The basics of ichnology 2. Taxonomy of trace fossils 3. Paleobiology of trace fossils 4. The ichnofacies model 5. The ichnofabric approach Part II. Spatial Trends: 6. Trace fossils and paleoecology 7. Ichnology of shallow-marine clastic environments 8. Ichnology of marginal-marine environments 9. Ichnology of deep-marine clastic environments 10. Ichnology of continental environments 11. Ichnology of carbonate environments, rocky shorelines and volcanic terrains Part III. A Matter of Time: 12. Trace fossils in sequence stratigraphy 13. Trace fossils in biostratigraphy 14. Trace fossils in evolutionary paleoecology 15. Trace fossils in paleoanthropology and archeology References Index.


It has been over three decades since the thrombin receptor was cloned and its mechanism of action revealed (1). We now know that thrombin-activated G-protein coupled receptors (PARs) are a group of proteins that play a role in various physiological processes, including stroke. When thrombin, a key enzyme involved in blood clotting, binds to PARs, it triggers a cascade of cellular events. PAR-1 and PAR-4 are the two main thrombin-activated receptors relevant to stroke.In stroke, the activation of PARs by thrombin can contribute to protective and detrimental effects (2). On one hand, PAR activation can promote neuroprotection, tissue repair, and angiogenesis that may aid in stroke recovery. On the other hand, excessive PAR activation can lead to inflammation, blood-brain barrier disruption, and neuronal damage, worsening stroke outcomes. Notably, PAR-1 activation can exacerbate brain injury in stroke by promoting inflammation and blood-brain barrier dysfunction, while PAR-1 blockade has potential therapeutic benefits in reducing stroke-related damage and improving outcomes.As for PAR-4, its role in stroke is less well-defined. PAR-4 activation may contribute to platelet activation and thrombosis, which could worsen stroke outcomes. However, further investigations are needed to fully understand the impact of PAR-4 in stroke pathophysiology. In this issue of the JCI, Denorme and colleagues (3) investigated the potential contribution of a known PAR-4 genetic variant with high prevalence in patients […]


VR can be used for creating situated learning environment, so most of research focused on applying VR on teaching and learning. Nevertheless, learning new information technology, including VR, is the educational target in senior high school. To engage the learners in learning information technology is an important educational task. Therefore, this study developed a systematic learning modular for VR technology based on learning by doing strategy, conducted a one-semester learning experiment in a senior high school, and investigated the learners' perception towards VR technology learning. The results revealed that the learners showed high motivation and perception towards VR technology learning. However, some of learning dilemmas should be reduced in the future.


Background:The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of various risk factors on complications in patients undergoing pedicled transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (TRAM) flap breast reconstruction. Methods:A retrospective review of 224 pedicled TRAMs in 200 patients over a 10-year period was carried out. Patients were divided into subgroups based on smoking history, weight, radiation status, and pedicle type. Complication rates were calculated and logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors. Results:Logistic regression identified active smoking as a statistically significant risk factor for developing multiple (2 or more) flap complications (P = 0.0061) and TRAM infection (P = 0.0255), while former smoking was a risk factor for multiple flap complications (P = 0.01) and TRAM-delayed wound healing (P = 0.0433). Obesity (body mass index ≥30) was found to be a statistically significant risk factor for overall (1 or more) donor-site complications (P = 0.0281), overall flap complications (P = 0.0375), multiple flap complications (P = 0.0002), TRAM-delayed wound healing (P = 0.0334), and minor flap necrosis (P = 0.0075). Conclusions:This study identified that active or former smoking and obesity contribute to a significant complication rate, while overweight body habitus, use of double-pedicled flaps, and pre-TRAM radiation do not. This second decade "look-back" on pedicled TRAM flap breast reconstruction emphasizes the need for appropriate patient selection to achieve successful results with pedicled TRAM breast reconstruction.


First with the"Diamond Model",to explore the Factors of Hunan undertake Industrial transfer.On this basis to quantify the impact factors,use of the 13 regions and cities in Hunan province,2001-2009datas to establish model,using STATA software regression analysis to test theoretical effects of various factors Hunan Industrial undertaking is significant.The results show that the capital stock,market demand,economical level have significant positive effects,wages and technology have negative correlation with Industrial transfer.Establish ARMA model predict the value of FDI in 2011 for Hunan.


15 VALIDATION OF SNP TYPING USING HIGH THROUGHPUT INSTRUMENTATION AND WGA TO ACHIEVE FORENSIC ANALYSIS OF LOW YIELD SAMPLES Ketchum, M. S., Wasulik, H. and Hudman, B. DNA Diagnostics, Inc., Timpson, TX 75975 A panel of 128 SNPs were selected for universal genetic evaluation using VeriSNPTM typing in dogs, cats, cattle and horses. These SNPs included diseases and traits such as color to achieve physical characteristics as well as SNPs for identity and parentage across breeds. Though more than 128 SNPs were selected per species, for validation we utilized 128 and 64 respectively per assay at 24 and 48 samples per assay. Up to 3072 SNPs can be used per assay. The BiotroveTM Open Array System was used to process the assays. DNA was extracted and quantified using a NanodropTM spectrophotometer. The whole genome amplification reaction was then mixed with the PCR mastermix and DNA. The mixture was robotically loaded into the open array assay. The assay was then sealed and placed in an MJ Research thermocycler with a tower alpha unit. Upon the completion of amplification, the assay was scanned using the Biotrove Open Array Scanner for approximately 12 minutes and the results were delivered via the BiotroveTM software. The results were then imported into custom software for automated parent verification if necessary as well as attachment to a detailed sample information page. In summary, several thousand samples per day can be analyzed using this system. Since the entire array is sealed prior to amplification, cross contamination is not an issue with this system, even using the WGA kit. Though not all forensic samples (for instance complex mixtures) can be analyzed with this system, with sequenced genomes at our fingertips, not only can identity be achieved with this system, but also physical and health related characteristics of evidentiary samples can be obtained. This is a valuable tool since sometimes there is no description of a suspect from a crime scene. Though this study was conducted on animal species, it is just as easy to validate this system for human use.


Recent research has suggested that stock options and equity ownership have different motivational implications for executive risk taking. We examined investors' reactions to the differing incentive...


Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer in the US, and mortality is rising rapidly with little improvement in survival rates. Treatment remains a major challenge of this disease and these poor outcomes have researchers targeting the tumor microenvironment for therapy. The diagnosis and therapeutic options remain an obstacle due to the immune system response and associated non- specific symptoms. Immunotherapy is an important treatment for pancreatic cancer, and its applications are currently being studied. Targeting T cells to recognize and kill tumor cells could be a potential strategy. Due to the behavior of pancreatic cancer and the tumor microenvironment, immunosuppressive cells such as myeloid - derived suppressor cells and regulatory T cells limit the efficacy of T cell infiltration. The cytokine interleukin-12 (IL-12) plays an essential role to regulate both innate (natural killer cells) and adaptive (cytokine T-lymphocytes) immunities in cancer therapies. IL-12 is composed of two subunits, p40 and p35. We found that various human pancreatic cancer cells produce greater levels of p40 monomer and p40 homodimer (p402), than IL-12, and IL-23. We further demonstrate that selective neutralization of p40 by p40 mAb (a3-3a), by p402 mAb (d7-12c) stimulated death in pancreatic cancer cells. Our studies aim to identify the roles of p40 and p402 in pancreatic cancer cells and underlie the importance of p40 monomer and p40 homodimer in helping cancer cells escape cell death.
 Citation Format: Monica Sheinin. The role of the p40 family in pancreatic cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 3694.