Understanding the characteristics of Lamb waves is very important for developing a structural health monitoring system. The propagation characteristics of Lamb waves are described in the form of dispersion curves, which are plots of phase/group velocities versus the product of frequency-thickness generated by solving the Lamb wave equations. This paper presents a numerical modeling of Lamb waves' amplitude behaviors for isotropic aluminum plate (Al 2024-T3). The numerical simulations were carried out using ANSYS by exciting the Lamb wave at the plate end in the frequency range of 150-200 kHz for different plate thicknesses.


The Value of Character Education in Indonesian Language Learning for Fourth Grade Students at SD N 19 Meulaboh. This study aims to determine the value of character education contained in the Indonesian language learning process for fourth grade students at SD N 19 Meulaboh. This research includes field research. The approach used is descriptive qualitative, data collection techniques using the method of observation and documentation. The focus of this research is the value of character education contained in learning Indonesian in fourth grade students at SD N 19 Meulaboh. The results showed that the planning made by the teacher consisted of initial activities, core activities, and closing activities. The implementation of character education at SD N 19 Meulaboh has not been maximized. The results of the study show that the 18 character values found in learning Indonesian for class IV are religious, honest, tolerance, disciplined, hard work, creative, independent, democratic, curiosity, national spirit, love for the homeland, respect for achievement, friendly/communicative, love peace, love to read., care for the environment, responsibility, and care about social.


In this paper, the problem of designing of robust state-feedback ℋ∞ controller for uncertain sampled-data control systems with output constraints have been investigated base on jump system model of sampled-data system using constant Lyapunov function (CLF) approach. The online algorithm of the ℋ∞ receding horizon optimization design for the norm-bounded parametric uncertain system is proposed. The optimal state-feedback ℋ∞ controllers are obtained and these controller can provide a performance tradeoff with respect to output constraints, i.e., the control strategy offers the capability of relaxing the performance level automatically in order to obey output constraints in the case of a larger disturbance. When the disturbance is restored to a usual situation, this control strategy can also improve the performance of system automatically.


The embrittlement of 2 1/4Cr-1Mo steel by lithium or lead-lithium liquids can occur when loading conditions and microstructural strengthening effects limit plastic relaxation at points of high stress, and a critical liquid metal induced embrittlement (LMIE) stress is reached. This paper presents the LMIE results of both constant displacement rate uniaxial tensile testing and fatigue crack propagation studies. The temperature for the onset of LMIE susceptibility at a given localized strain rate is shown to be predictable based on a critical value of flow stress, calculated by means of the ZenerHolloman parameter.


Rocks of the Gold-Regions of California.—The great sedimentary metallic belt of California lies on the western slope of the Sierra Nevada, beginning in the neighbourhood of the Tejou Pass, and extending through the state to its northern limit. In consequence, however, of various local circumstances, different portions of this band are of very unequal importance as gold-producing districts. The slates of the auriferous belt have been shown by Professor Whitney to belong, for a great extent, to the Jurassic period, although the occurrence of numerous Triassic fossils in the gold-bearing rocks of Plumas County and elsewhere renders it more than probable that no inconsiderable portion of the slates in the heart of the gold region are of that age.


The manual on radioactivity for the hot operations laboratory of the Center for Nuclear Studies of the CNEN at Casaccia (Rome) is presented. The presentation of the manual offers the opportunity for a complete description of the laboratory and the operations that cand be carried out in it. An extract from the mandual is given in an appendix. (auth)


This paper details a RF communications architecture conceived for future manned space flight initiatives. Based on the mission profiles and operations concepts developed for NASA's Constellation Program, the evolutionary architecture is designed to support the communications and tracking (C&T) needs of a variety of vehicles and systems. Key features of the architecture include flexibility to support operations in both Low Earth Orbit and the Lunar vicinity, scalability to support missions of increasing scope and complexity, and compatibility with existing NASA, commercial, and international space agency C&T infrastructure. Significant technology studies performed in development of the architecture are detailed, including use of Adaptive Phased Array Antennas, capacity-approaching Low Density Parity Check forward error correction codes, RF modulation formats to support multiple access and ranging needs, high rate bi-directional Ka-Band links, and use of commercial wireless network protocols for lunar surface communications. A series of derived C&T requirements are presented for each significant phase of both LEO and Lunar missions to demonstrate architecture drivers. Test, analysis, and simulation activities intended to validate the expected performance of architecture elements against these requirements are described, including dynamic link analysis and detailed examination of transmitter distortion impacts. Particular attention is paid to Launch & Ascent and the operational and technology trades unique to this phase. Applicability of architecture elements to future human spaceflight activities, consisting of both crewed vehicles and robotic pre-cursor missions, is addressed, including an examination of potential for extension to deep space exploration. Finally, recommendations are presented for further refinements based on additional technology trades and increased reliance on international cooperative frameworks.


This paper takes an evaluative look at an action-planning initiative which aimed to improve pupils' learning in Year 9. The cornerstone of the process was a one-to-one discussion between pupils and tutors, which focused on their short- and long-term goals and identified targets for improvement. After the dialogue, a personal learning plan was written by the pupil. This was used to monitor development and to inform activities related to Records of Achievement in Year 10. Findings suggested that, overall, this age group benefited from action-planning processes. Pupils gained through greater understanding of their own abilities and improved communication and planning skills. However, links between strategies for lifelong learning and the activities in Year 9 had not been made. There were different effects of the initiative for males and females.


Loss of a single tooth may cause functional and esthetic deficits. There are two treatment options that exist for replacing missing incisors. They include a tooth-supported restoration, or a single-tooth implant. Dental implants are a good treatment option for replacing missing teeth in adolescents, provided that the subject's dental and skeletal development is complete. In some patients the space across the alveolar crest is too narrow to permit the surgeon to place the implant. Occasionally the root apices of the adjacent central, lateral incisors and canines are in close proximity. In other cases the ridge thickness could be inadequate and require augmentation. When the orthodontist opens the space, the individual aspects of treatment are aimed at optimizing dentofacial esthetics and at improving masticatory function and hygiene potential of prosthetic restoration. In the present study the treatment of the patients with missing upper central incisors was presented according to the esthetic requirements with dental implants.


This paper considered the concept and characteristic OSV operation business for support the offshore plant and suggested amendment Maritime Transportation Laws, legislative proposals to solve the legal absence and to develop offshore service industry. Because Maritime Transportation Laws specialized for the carriage of passenger and goods by sea is not perfectly covered with Offshore support business in Korea. So it is necessary to make an explicit amendments for the article of Maritime Transportation Laws that founds absence of the law with the definition of terms to correspond related existed regulation reflected on the characteristic offshore support business by using OSV to develop offshore plant industry including support, service, supply, transportation etc. I expect that this paper will be a basic study to make a government policy, law, regulation to activate Offshore Service Industry in the future.


Review by Gerard Lee McKeever (University of Glasgow) of Dafydd Moore, ed., The International Companion to James Macpherson and The Poems of Ossian . Glasgow: Scottish Literature International, 2017. Pp. 187. £14.95. ISBN 9781908980199.


Chronology uses the methods of two highly technical disciplines, philology and astronomy: the former to interpret texts, the latter to fix the exact times of any dateable celestial events, like new and full moons and eclipses, which the texts mention. The roles played by chronology in early modern European culture deserve equally intense study. In organising the Prodigiorum ac ostentorum chronicon , accordingly, Conrad Lycosthenes took care to connect almost all of the wonders he recounted to precise dates. In the preface to the Nuremberg Chronicle , Hartmann Schedel made clear that he saw the recent collections of 'the scattered inscriptions of the Latins and Greeks, with their antiquities', as his model. Manuscript Syllogai - like the Chronicle - emphasised geographical space, rather than historical time, as the chief organising principle for recording the remains of the ancient world. Keywords: chronology; Conrad Lycosthenes; Hartmann Schedel; Nuremberg Chronicle ; Prodigiorum ac ostentorum chronicon ; Syllogai


This project is about the cleaning of glass walls using glass climbing robot. The robot is used in cleaning of glass walls of high rise buildings. The design of the project includes four legs and a raspberry pi controller and suction modules. Each leg is consisting of suction cup and a servo motor. Due to the vacuum creation inside the suction cup, robot sticks with the glass surface. Robot leg movements controlled by servo motor and raspberry pi controller. Thus the robot is light weighted and high weight carrying capacity. A wiper is attached with the robot body for cleaning the glass surface.


Geochemical methods to prospect for gold mineralization in Shamkhyia area : northern state-Sudan
The study area is located in the northern border of Buyda Desert at the lobe of the River Nile at coordinates: latitude 19° 27 25" N, longitude 32° 59' 37'.
Unconsolidates samples were collected from areas of the suspected Au bearing sector to reveal secondary dispersion patterns.
The results which were obtained for Au and accompanying elements (Ag, Cu, Co, Cu, Pb, and Zn) Table No (7 , 8) were subjected to statistical analysis to reveal parameters such as background values (Cb) coefficient of correlation (r), coefficient of variation (c.v), geochemical factors (u), and productivities (q,Q) and coefficient of dispersion (5).
These parameters can be used as prospecting and exploration criteria.
The coefficient of correlation of Au with the accompanying elements in rock chip composite samples show values more reliable for prospecting than those of the soil samples.
Geochemical factors of ratios of contents of epithermal elements to hypothermal elements indicate deeper levels of mineralization and weathering.
Gold dispersion shows less erratic behavior and this reflects more or less the morphology of the hidden ore bodies.
The main conclusions are:- Coefficient of corelations when they are reliable can be used to define pathfinders to prospect for the difficult gold.
Coefficient of mobility can be used to adopt sampling intervals and grid system.
Geochemical factors can indicate horizon of mineralization and level of weathering.
Geochemical reserve can be used to indicate priorities for further extensive explorational studies


Cuba as neotectonics structure in the southern of the North American plate had three tsunamis. One of them [local] occurred in the Central-Northern region [1931.10.01, Nortecubana fault], the other was a teletsunami [1755.11.01, in the SW of the Iberian Peninsula] that hit the Bay of Santiago de Cuba, and the third took place at 1867.11.18, by the regional source of Virgin Islands, which produced waves in the Eastern Cuban region. This tsunami originated to the NE of Puerto Rico in 1918.10.11, with another earthquake of equal magnitude and at similar coordinates, produced a tsunami that did not affect Cuba. Information on the influence of regional tsunami in 1946.08.08 of the NE of the Dominican Republic [Matanzas] in Northwestern Cuba [beaches Guanabo-Baracoa] is contrary to expectations with the waves' propagation. The local event of 1939.08.15 attributed to Central- Northern Cuba [Cayo Frances with M = 8.1] does not correspond at all with the maximum magnitude of earthquakes in this region and the potential of the Nortecubana fault. Tsunamis attributed to events such as 1766.06.11 and 1932.02.03 in the Santiago de Cuba Bay are not reflected in the original documents from experts and eyewitnesses. Tsunamis from Jamaica have not affected the coasts of Cuba, despite its proximity. There is no influence in Cuba of tsunamigenic sources of the southern and western parts of the Caribbean, or the Gulf of Mexico. Set out the doubts as to the influence of tsunamis from Haiti and Dominican Republic at Guantanamo Bay which is closer to and on the same latitude, and spatial orientation than the counterpart of Santiago de Cuba, that had impact. The number of fatalities by authors in the Caribbean is different and contradictory.


Iodine is a micronutrient, which is essential for the synthesis of thyroid hormones. Thyroid hormones play a major role in the development of different functional components in different stages of life. The relationship between iodine intake level of a population and occurrences of thyroid disorders U-shaped with an increase from both low and high iodine intake. Iodine deficiency disorders (IDDs) are a major health problem worldwide in all age groups, but infants, school children, and pregnant and lactating women are vulnerable. During pregnancy and lactation, the fetus and infants are sensitive to maternal iodine intake. Even mild iodine deficiency may lead to irreversible brain damage during this period. A main cause of IDDs of neonates and infants is maternal iodine deficiency. Universal salt iodization strategy has been initiated by the World Health Organization and United Nation International Children Emergency Fund by the year 1993 for correction and prevention of iodine deficiency. Excessive iodine causes hypothyroidism, iodine-induced hyperthyroidism and autoimmune thyroid diseases. Iodine deficiency and excessive iodine, both cause goiter. There are many indicators for assessing the IDDs, such as measurement of thyroid size by palpation or ultrasonography, serum thyroid stimulating hormone, and thyroglobulin but these are less sensitive, costly and sometimes interpretation is difficult. Urinary iodine concentration (UIC) is a well-accepted, cost-efficient, and easily obtainable indicator of iodine status. Since the majority of iodine absorbed by the body is excreted in the urine, it is considered a sensitive marker of current iodine intake and can reflect recent changes in iodine status. Iodine requirements are greatly increased during pregnancy and lactation, owing to metabolic changes. During intrauterine life, maternal iodine is the only source of iodine for a fetus. UIC determines the iodine status of pregnant and lactating women. Breast milk is the only source of iodine for exclusively breastfed neonates and infants. Breast milk iodine concentration can be determined by UIC. UIC predicts the adverse health consequences of excessive iodine intake such as goiter, hypothyroidism, and hyperthyroidism. This review presents that iodine status in different groups of a population can be determined by UIC which will be helpful in assessing the iodine status in a community, finding out the cause of thyroid disorders, to predict the risk of adverse health effects of iodine deficiency and excessive iodine, and in making plan for iodine supplementation.Mediscope Vol. 5, No. 2: Jul 2018, Page 30-35


A 48-year-old male was admitted to our hospital complaining of abdominal pain and jaundice. His body temperature was 36.7 °C, blood pressure 120/70 mmHg and heart rate 76/min. His physical examination revealed mild tenderness in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen and visible jaundice. He had peptic ulcer disease and had been placed on oral antacid treatment. His liver function tests revealed: aspartate aminotransferase (AST): 108 IU/L, alanine aminotransferase (ALT): 186 IU/L, alkaline phosphatase (ALP): 220 IU/L, total bilirubin: 7.1 mg/dl, direct bilirubin: 5 mg/dl, and white blood cell count 13,000 /mm. Gallbladder distension and dilated choledochus were seen in ultrasonography. Additionally, there was a cystic, 3 cm lesion in segment 4b that was interpreted as an inactive hydatid disease. His serology was positive for Echinococcus granulosus and tumor markers were negative. He denied any E. granulosus diagnosis or treatment in his previous medical history. Computed tomography revealed that he had an inactive calcified hydatid cyst in liver segment 4b and choledocholithiasis, and one of the bile stones was noted to be in the neck of the gallbladder. A significant obstruction in the distal choledochus was shown in the magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) (Figure 1). In the endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancpancreatography (ERCP), sludge and millimetric bile stones were extracted from the duodenal papilla after sphincterotomy, and the procedure was ended with plastic biliary stenting. His bilirubin levels normalized after ERCP under parenteral antibiotherapy. He underwent laparoscopic cholecystecCystic hydatid disease of the gallbladder


A novel hemoglobin (Hb) variant was found in a specimen that showed an unusual profile in analyses of glycohemoglobin. An abnormal β-globin, 443 Da smaller than normal β-globin, was detected by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI/MS) with intact globin. Mass spectrometry analysis of tryptic peptides derived from isolated abnormal Hb showed an abnormal peptide, characterized as βT-14 (141Leu→Val and 144Lys→0). Nucleotide sequencing revealed a heterozygosity of codon 141 C TG(Leu)→G TG(Val), and codon 144 A AG(Lys)→T AG(stop codon). The isopropanol stability test was normal. We named this novel variant Hb Kochi for the district where it was found. Functional studies carried out on diluted whole hemolysates and isolated Hb components from the proband demonstrated an increased oxygen affinity, consistent with the existence of mild erythrocytosis.


The yield of any surface water source mainly depends on inflow of the reservoir and that impacts the availability of drinking water for the cities in future. Assessment of long-term impacts of projected changes in reservoir level is critical to address the challenges in protecting surface water reserves. In other words, to deal with water management issues, one must analyse and quantify changes of flow taking place within the area and causes. Obviously, this analysis must be carried out on a watershed basis because all these processes are taking place within individual micro watersheds. The development of remote sensing and GIS techniques has allowed the use of spatially and physically based hydrologic models to simulate as simply and realistically as possible the functioning of watershed systems. The main objective of this study is to model the hydrology of the Mai-Nefhi catchment area in order to establish the water balance and monthly stream inflow to the Mai-Nefhi dam. The Mai-Nefhi reservoir is one of the main sources of water to Asmara, the capital city of Eritrea. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) interface which works in the ArcGIS software platform was used to delineate the basin and sub-basins and estimate the streamflow. The calibration was carried out successfully, for the period 1972-1980, using SWAT-CUP SUFI-2 (Sequential Uncertainty Fitting version 2) program for a combined optimization-uncertainty analysis. The validation of the model was checked for the period 19811986 and the values of streamflow are nearly equal to the observed streamflow data. The hydrological analysis shows that the resulting changes on the annual streamflow volume is not significant because of the prevailing short rainy months.


Rapid growth has occurred in tourism in China since 1978. Although 1989 resulted in a large reduction in the number of external visitors to China, resumed growth since then has established new records for levels of tourism. In addition, a new attitude to the development of domestic tourism emerged in 1992. China has decided to increase the relative size of its tertiary sector by the year 2000 and is to encourage the development of domestic tourism. Tourism is now being treated as a leading industry and particular care will be needed to avoid economic mistakes. On the whole, the development of tourism has not counteracted uneven regional development in China but has reinforced it. A study of tourism development in Xishuangbanna Prefecture suggests that even at this local level, tourism development tends to be relatively centralised. China's changing tourism industry is providing new market opportunities for foreign firms.


An orally active and small molecule inhibitor of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) with potential antineoplastic activity. Hsp90 inhibitor Debio 0932 specifically blocks Hsp90, thereby inhibiting its chaperone function and promoting the degradation of its client proteins, many of which are oncogenic signaling proteins involved in tumor cell proliferation and survival. This may lead to an inhibition of tumor cell proliferation. Hsp90, a chaperone protein upregulated in a variety of tumor cells, regulates the folding, stabilization and degradation of many oncogenic signaling proteins.


This paper uses a classic economics game, Battle of the Sexes, to study the role of gender in negotiation behavior. We find that although when playing the game without chat, men use information to their advantage, when chatting with their partner they are unable to exploit gender information. In particular, men get differentially lower payoffs when informed about gender in the chat setting versus the no chat setting. We posit that they are constrained by gender norms dictating ""chivalrous"" behavior toward women and ""masculine"" behavior toward men, and demonstrate this through their drastically lower use of aggressive negotiation strategies and higher use of yielding strategies toward women. This tailoring of strategies is inverse to what would be payoff-optimal for men, supporting our view of norms as a ""constraint"" on behavior.


Functionalization of medical devices with biomolecules is a key strategy to control implant outcomes, for instance, polyphenols can produce fast osseointegration and reduce both the infection risk and inflammatory response. This paper is designed to evaluate the role of calcium ions and surface features in surface functionalization with a red pomace extract. An in-depth investigation of the binding mechanism between surfaces and polyphenols was also performed. A smooth Ti6Al4V alloy was used as a control substrate and compared with a bioactive and nanotextured chemical-treated Ti6Al4V alloy. Solutions with and without the addition of calcium ions were used for functionalization. The results showed that polyphenols were adsorbed in all cases, but in a larger amount in the presence of calcium ions. The functionalized surfaces were hydrophilic (contact angles in the range of 45–15°) and had isoelectric points at pH 2.8–3.1. The acidic hydroxyl groups on the chemically treated titanium alloy favored the chemisorption of complex compounds of flavonoids and condensed tannins with calcium ions, through a bridging mechanism, and made desorption sensitive to pH. On the smooth surface, the absence of reactive functional groups led to a lower amount of adsorbed molecules and a physisorption mechanism. Selective physisorption of phenolic acids was supposed to be predominant on the smooth surface in the presence of calcium ions in the solution.


Photocyclization of aryl vinyl sulfides reportedly proceeds via thiocarbonyl ylide intermediates. The photochemical behavior of several aryl vinyl sulfides, which incorporate a pendant alkene side chain, was explored. In general, naphthyl and phenyl vinyl thioethers provided product which are consistent with photocyclization to a thiocarbonyl ylide intermediate followed by either intramolecular hydrogen shift or subsequent intramolecular ylide-alkene addition. Product distribution is influenced by solvent and temperature effect


Two powder metallurgy (PM) beryllium-aluminum (BeAl) composite materials were fabricated under hot isostatically pressing (HIP) temperatures 700°C (BeAl-700) and 900°C (BeAl-900). BeAl-700 exhibited higher ultimate tensile strength and lower ductility than BeAl-900 under tension loading. Fatigue tests showed that the former has higher fatigue strength and fatigue resistance than the latter. All fatigue fracture surfaces observed by the scanning electric microscopy (SEM) are characterized by the faceted crystallographic cleavage planes in Be phases surrounded by shear or tear-induced ductile fracture of Al phases. Characteristic fatigue striations in Be grain interior of BeAl-700 can be seen while BeAl-900 has many interlaced strips along the interfaces between Be and Al phase. As Al is much softer than Be, localized microscopic plastic flow begins with the Al phase.


This study aimed to determine: (1) the influence of teachers' competence,  motivation, and academic supervisor simultaneously on the performance of MAN in Yogyarta. (2) The influence of teachers' competence on the performance of MAN in Yogyakarta. (3) The influence of the motivation on the teachers' performance of MAN in Yogyakarta (4) The influence of motivation on teachers' performance of MAN in Yogyakarta. The research method used was a survey with a sample of all MAN teachers in Yogyakarta. The data was collected by using questionnaires that had been tested on 30 respondents and had fulfilled the validity qualification with Pearson correlation techniques and reliability requirements with Cronbach alpha. The data analysis technique was using descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression analysis, which had been previously tested for normality, multicollinearity, and linearity test. The results of the research show that (1) Teachers' competence, work motivation, and academic supervisor simultaneously have a positive influence on the performance of MAN in Yogyakarta, (2) Teachers' competence has a positive influence on the performance of MAN teachers in Yogyakarta. (3) The motivation has a positive influence on the performance of MAN teachers in Yogyakarta. (4) Motivation has a positive influence on the performance of MAN teachers in Yogyakarta. It means that the higher and the better of the teachers' competence,  motivation, and academic supervisor will lead to the better teachers' performance. On the contrary, the lower and the worse of the teachers' competence, motivation, and academic supervisor will lead to the lower teachers' performance. Meanwhile, teachers' competence has the most significant influence among them. Therefore, the  MAN teachers in Yogyakarta are strongly expected to develop their competence to have a better performance.


We are aware of several definitions of kinship terminology. We follow the meaning used by Levi-Strauss (1). In our paper (2), we state explicitly what each term means.

The incest taboo has both cultural (symbolic) and biological implications. As stated (2), we are interested in the former—"a cultural marriage rule prohibiting within-group marriages" (3) even without strong blood relatedness, which many cultural anthropologists have focused on (1, 4⇓–6). Some were opposed to identifying this exogamy with the biological incest taboo (4), whereas some symbolically equate them (1). In our model, the symbolic taboo appears based on certain parameters. In societies without the symbolic taboo, only the biological taboo will …

[↵][1]1To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: kaneko{at}complex.c.u-tokyo.ac.jp.

 [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1


Preschool attendance has a wide range of beneficial effects on educational outcomes. Consequently, policy makers in many countries actively seek to increase preschool attendance rates, and Indonesia is no exception. At the same time, academic research has consistently shown that children from low-income households or poor communities are underrepresented in preschool. Drawing on social capital theory, we argue that high levels of household and community social capital not only lead to higher preschool enrollment rates, but also temper the negative effects of low socio-economic status on preschool attendance. Hypotheses on socio-economic status and social capital effects and their interaction were tested with Indonesian survey data, collected in 2009, on 43,879 children nested in 42,855 households in 14,774 villages. Multilevel logistic regression analyses indeed show the strong negative main effects of low socio-economic status. Preschool attendance is significantly lower for children from low-income, low-education households, and for children from poor or rural communities. Moreover, low levels of access to modern mass media significantly decrease preschool attendance. We found positive direct effects for two of the three social capital measures: household associations and community reciprocity; both increase preschool attendance. Household reciprocity tempers the negative effect of a low income on preschool enrollment. Our findings point towards the importance of social capital as a potential buffer for low-income households and communities. Policy implications are discussed. 3 This chapter is co-authored with Rafael Wittek, Liesbet Heyse and Marijtje van Duijn and is currently under review at an international peer-review journal. An earlier version of this paper has been presented at the 5th International Conference on Unequal Families and Relationships, University of Edinburgh, June 2016 and the 3rd ISA Forum of Sociology, Vienna, July 2016.


Three short stories which were named as Night had showed the different patterns of the night in the history of modern literature.In the fiction of Night by Shen Congwen,the time was continuous,and there was a close relationship between the past and the present;in the fiction of A Certain Night by Ding Ling,the time was fractured,and the preexistent logical presupposition linked the time and restricted the possibility of annotation;in the fiction of Night by Mu Shiying,the time lost the extension and became the collapsible spatialization existence.The classical and modern monochromic and the model of more complex conception of history had constituted the reason,and the narrative of time should be the better starting point for the research into modern literature.


SECTION I FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES: Tissue Response. Exercise Treatment for the Rehabilitated Patient: Cardiopulmonary and Peripheral Responses SECTION II the UPPER QUARTER: Upper Quarter Evaluation: Structural Relationships and Interdependence. Influences of the Cervical Spine on the Stomatognathic System . Dysfunction, Evaluation and Treatment of the Cervical Spine and Thoracic Inlet. Mobilization of the Cervical and Upper Thoracic Spine. Dysfunction, Evaluation and Treatment of the Shoulder. Arthroscopic Surgery of the Shoulder. The Elbow Region. Dysfunction, Evaluation and Treatment of the Wrist and Hand. Reconstructive Surgery of the Wrist and Hand. Mobilization of the Upper Extremity SECTION III the LOWER QUARTER: Lower Quarter Evaluation: Structural Relationships and Interdependence. Kinematics Kinetics During Gait. Dysfunction, Evaluation and Treatment of the Lumbar Spine. Surgical Treatment of the Lumbar Spine. Manual Therapy Techniques for the Thoracolumbar Spine. Use of Lumbar Rotations in the Treatment of Low Back Pain. Evaluation and Treatment of Dysfunction in the Lumbar-Pelvic-Hip Complex. Surgical Treatment of the Hip. Dysfunction, Evaluation and Treatment of the Knee. Surgery of the Knee. Dysfunction, Evaluation and Treatment of the Foot and Ankle. Reconstructive Surgery of the Foot and Ankle. Mobilization of the Lower Extremity SECTION IV ORTHOPAEDIC PROBLEMS in the NEUROLOGIC PATIENT: Orthopaedic Problems in the Neurologic Patient. Soft Tissue Mobilization Index


The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of thyroid autoimmune disorders in a cohort of untreated multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and compare it with a stratified sample of an adult population. We prospectively studied 93 untreated MS patients. The control group included 401 healthy subjects selected by stratified sampling in a non‐iodine‐deficient area. Antithyroid antibodies (ATA) (antibodies against peroxidase and thyroglobulin) were considered positive at titres ≥149 IU/ml. Antibodies were positive in 11 MS patients (11.8%; 95% CI 5.3–18.4%). This prevalence was five times higher (P = 0.0001) when compared with that in the control population. We found six cases with subclinical hypothyroidism (6.45%; 95% CI 11.4–1.5) in contrast to 2.24% in the control group. Comparing MS with positive and negative ATA, there was a non‐significant, slightly higher frequency of low Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score in the ATA‐positive group (81% vs. 73.2%). One year after start of interferon (IFN) treatment, only one patient developed subclinical thyroid dysfunction. MS patients have a higher prevalence of ATA compared with the general population. An initial ATA and thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) determination is recommended in all MS patients. A periodic assessment of thyroid function during IFN treatment only seems to be justified in those cases where positive ATA or dysfunction is present before treatment.


Maximum likelihood presents a useful solution for the estimation of the parameters of time series models when data are missing. The highest autoregressive (AR) model order that can be computed without numerical problems is limited and depends on the missing fraction. Order selection will be necessary to obtain a good AR model. The best criterion to select an AR order with an accurate spectral estimate is slightly different from the criterion for contiguous data. The penalty for the selection of additional parameters depends on the missing fraction. The resulting maximum likelihood algorithm can give very accurate spectra, sometimes even if less than 1% of the data remains.


The stability of the hydrodynamic states corresponding to the operation on two branches of the hysteresis loop of pressure drop was examined for a trickle bed. The effect of nonsteady operation on the pressure drop and the gas-liquid mass transfer rate was investigated with several types of periodical perturbation on gas flow rate. It is found that the pressure drop and mass transfer coefficient obtained during operation under the conditions of the lower branch can be increased up to or even beyond those obtained by following the upper branch of the loop without necessarily traversing along the loop to pass through the pulsing point. These results shed light on the mechanism of performance enhancement by periodical operation of trickle beds and might provide a possible way to improve the operation of trickle bed reactors.


Recently,Water environment quality assessment has become a key word in water environment quality assessment and water function area management.Ordos' s 16typical rivers water quality is analyzed in this research.The results show that the main factors in influencing water quality are dissolved oxygen,permanganate index,chemical oxygen demand,ammonia nitrogen,total phosphorus and total nitrogen based on the single factor water quality identification index.Analytical results are assessed on comprehensive identification index method,two rivers water quality is not up to the water standard,the others meet corresponding standards.


Model-based cost functions are developed to build optimal stabilizing controllers for linear and nonlinear systems. The prescribed model-based cost functions can be selected to impose a specific desired performance of the closed-loop system. The proposed approach differs from the classical optimal control formulation in the sense that the objective function and the system dynamics are fused in one criterion. As a result, the optimal control law is finally built as the solution to an unconstrained optimization problem. For systems that are not affine in the control input, dynamic feedbacks are proposed as the gradient flow of model-based performance indices.


Welding of dissimilar materials using high energy sources like Nd-YAG laser operated in continuous or pulsed mode presents applicative and scientific interest determined on the one hand by the localized energy contribution introduced in pieces and on the other hand by the high cooling speeds (short thermal cycle) which influences the kinetics of phases formation during solidification and the solid state transformations. The behavior by welding of these materials is often limited by the large differences of thermo-physical properties and chemical nature (solubility, formation of fragile phases, oxidation, etc). The present paper aims the understanding of the mechanism which occurs by the mixing of the titanium alloy with the stainless steel using as intermediate layer a copper foil to obtain a laser weld joint with acceptable mechanical properties. The particularities of the welded joints consist of low absorption coefficient of radiation by the solid metallic material and of the multiple reflection phenomena that occur in vapor capillary, which position, penetration and geometry determines the melted materials proportions and their mixing degree. In this way, the melt zone is characterized both at macroscopic level in order to highlight the crucial role of the welding process and of the parameters on its morphology and on the chemical elements distribution, and at microscopic level to locate and identify the microstructure types formed during solidification. Multiple observations, revealed by the used investigative techniques, have led to scenario hypotheses which permit the explaining of the chemical heterogeneity origin manifested in the melted zone.


Caching at base station (BS) has attracted significant research efforts for future wireless networks. Most existing works are based on the assumption of static content catalogue and stationary popularity distribution, which however is far away from the reality as recently reported in the literature. In this paper, we take the popularity dynamics into account, and study the caching policy at BS for a traffic model consisting of two categories of contents respectively with long and short lifespans. By modeling the two categories of contents with Independent Reference Model (IRM) and Shot Noise Model (SNM), we formulate a cache resource allocation problem to maximize the total cache hit ratio for both categories of contents, which gives rise to a hybrid proactive and reactive caching policy. We solve the problem numerically for general case and provide closed-form solutions for several special cases. Numerical and simulation results demonstrate remarkable performance gain of the proposed caching policy over non-hybrid caching polices.


Abstract This paper reveals deglaciation palaeodynamics (Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage 2 [MIS 2]) in Poland and the southern Baltic Sea (SBS) development during marine transgression/regression phases (MIS 1) determined by a numerical modelling method. The introduced approach uses a high-level polynomial regression followed by the integral calculus of successive functions and an application of formulae. As a result, palaeogeographic relations from primary matrix transform instantly into palaeodynamics within a nested matrix. Accordingly, within 9 ka of the late Pleistocene, glacial recession dynamics increased by two orders of magnitude, from −8.5 m/yr between Leszno (L, 24 ka BP) and Poznań (Poz, 20–19 ka BP) phases, through several dozen (−37.2 m/yr, −60.6 m/yr, −90.7 m/yr) to the maximum average equalling −427.3 m/yr (max. −861.4 m/yr) between the Pomeranian (Pom, 17–16 ka BP) and the Gardno (G, 16.8–16.6 ka BP) phases. In turn, SBS coastline transgression and regression dynamics varied by three orders of magnitude. Since the Baltic Ice Lake (BIL, 10.5–10.3 ka BP) up to the Yoldia Sea (YS, 10–9.9 ka BP) regression was intense and equalled −56.8 m/yr (max. −128.7 m/yr), followed by marine transgression towards the Ancylus Lake (AL, 8.7–8.5 ka BP) at 21.43 m/yr through 9.30–2.20 m/yr during the Littorina Sea 1 and Littorina Sea 2 stages (LS1 and LS2, since 7.7 ka BP), eventually 0.51 m/yr in the last 6.05 ka. The 2 m sea-level rise scenario projections indicate approx. 3400 km2 of land and 684,000 inhabitants face flood risk around 2150–2240 CE, with marine transgression dynamics expected to range from 23.9–38.2 m/yr.


This collection sketches the use of the term rapport within the fields of anthropology, sociology, sociolinguistics, applied linguistics, and linguistic anthropology. Rather than leave the term uncritiqued or simply conceptualized as a type of positive social relationship that needs to be formed between researcher and consultant before research can begin, the book invites us to: (1) think about how rapport has been constructed within a number of these disciplines, (2) see rapport as an emergent co-constructed social relationship that is built during situated multimodal encounters, and (3) see the interpretation of such social relationships as requiring a reflexive approach that historicizes semiotic resources and social relations. In reimagining rapport, readers are invited to reflect on the idea of rapport as theory, meta-methodology, and methodology.


Single-mode fibers and components are increasingly being used in short distance applications. Fiber—to-the-home programs are being implemented and require high performance, low-cost single—mode components such as splitters and wavelength division multiplexers (WDMs). The work presented here is based on planar ion exchange technology. It is well adapted to producing compact devices integrating several functions. For example, single-mode achromatic lxN splitters comprised of multiple integrated Y-junctions are already available with low, wavelength-independent insertion loss (1,2). The ability of future networks to support multiple wavelengths requires the use of WDMs. Research work already has been reported on K and Cs based ion exchange WDMs (3,4). Results on low loss Tl ion exchange WDMs are presented in this paper.


SE discloses a method for calibrating a magnetic field generator (40), INCLUDING THE FIXING OF ONE OR MORE SENSORS MAGNETIC FIELD (20, 22, 24) to a probe (26) POSITIONS AND KNOWN ORIENTATION AND SELECT ONE OR KNOWN MORE POSITIONS IN THE VICINITY OF MAGNETIC FIELD GENERATOR. MAGNETIC FIELD GENERATOR (40) is driven SO THAT GENERATE A MAGNETIC FIELD. PROBE (26) moves in a known orientation, OR THE PLACE EACH OF THE PLACES AND IN ONE OR MORE PLACES ARE RECEIVED signals from the sensor or sensors. Signals are generated to measure the amplitude and direction MAGNETIC FIELD IN POSITIONS RESPECTIVE the sensor or sensors, and to determine factors CALIBRATION RELATED TO WIDTH AND ADDRESS OF MAGNETIC FIELD IN THE VICINITY OF THE GENERATOR MAGNETIC FIELD .


In order to reduce the cost of software development and maintenance,the technology of software reuse must be promoted comprehensively when the new software is developed.The current problems of the software reuse are analyzed briefly,and the method of rank-classification of software reuse is proposed.The specific process and application methods of the object-oriented software reuse technology are analyzed primarily.The research shows that the software reuse techenology can control the costs of software development significantly,it can meet the needs of users,and create more economic benefits for the enterprises.


To state the existence and uniqueness of pseudo almost periodic solutions for some difference and differential equations with measure and piecewise constant argument of generalized type, we use the completeness, the composition theorems, and the Banach fixed point theorem. Finally, we provide some applications.


Cloth is an important material to model and simulate correctly, both in computer graphics and other industrial applications. The commonly used models for cloth in computer graphics typically approximate the cloth as an elastic sheet with linear isotropic behavior inspired by the construction of woven fabrics. However, they do a poor job of predicting the behavior of knits, which are driven by the complex interactions of yarn loops pulled through each other. This thesis presents a yarn-based model for cloth where yarns in the fabric are explicitly modeled as inextensible but flexible spline curves. Yarn dynamics are dictated by both energy terms and hard constraints, while friction interactions , a critical component of correct yarn behavior, are approximated using a velocity filter that penalizes locally non-rigid motion. Qualitative comparison of the model to observed deformations of hand-knitted samples in the laboratory showed that the model predicts key mechanical properties of different knits. Since this model is slower than sheet-based approaches, further work looked at accelerating the model through both localized rigidification and adaptive contact linearization. In localized rigidification, regions of the cloth behaving almost rigidly are simulated using a cheaper model which avoids many of the expensive force computations. For adaptive contact linearization, yarn contacts are grouped into contact sets, with the associated contact force computed exactly at one timestep, and then approximated on subsequent steps via lineariza-tion in a rotated reference frame for nearby geometric configurations. Finally, additional work looked at the problem of creating initial yarn geometry for subsequent simulation as a yarn-based model. iii To my grandfather, Gilbert Tougas iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my family and friends, particularly my parents Kay and Michael, for all of the support and encouragement they have given me through the years. At Cornell, Robert Kleinberg and Charles Van Loan both served on my committee and gave me help and suggestions on various problems as they arose. My advisors Steve Marschner and Doug James were both an invaluable help, constantly providing not only advice, guidance, ideas, and suggestions, but also reading through drafts of this work and judging the appearance of an almost-literally uncountable number of videos of falling blue scarves.


Introduction of noninteger powers of r(or the elliptical coordinate xi) in the definition of the 1s AO is shown to give better approximate wave-functions for the ground states of H/sub 2/ and He/sub 2//sup + +/ than other functions of comparable complexity. This trend is examined for various definitions of hybrid Slater-Gaussian orbitals using a limited CI. The best optimized single-term expansion energy is only 0.000160 a.u. above the ''SCF limit'' for H/sub 2/ at R = 1.4 a.u. and 0.000382 a.u. for He/sub 2//sup + +/ at R = 1.3 a.u.


Recent advances in radiance fields enable photorealistic rendering of static or dynamic 3D scenes, but still do not support explicit deformation that is used for scene manipulation or animation. In this paper, we propose a method that enables a new type of deformation of the radiance field: free-form radiance field deformation. We use a triangular mesh that encloses the foreground object called cage as an interface, and by manipulating the cage vertices, our approach enables the free-form deformation of the radiance field. The core of our approach is cage-based deformation which is commonly used in mesh deformation. We propose a novel formulation to extend it to the radiance field, which maps the position and the view direction of the sampling points from the deformed space to the canonical space, thus enabling the rendering of the deformed scene. The deformation results of the synthetic datasets and the real-world datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.


We have studied the extractive nozzle effect on apparent loss of twist in acrylic staple rotor spun yams [2] through a factorial scheme with four factors: two quantitative (yarn linear density at three levels and yam twist multiplier at five levels) and two qualitative (three exit nozzles types and four rotor types). Our results showed that both rotor type and nozzle type exert a significant influence on the apparent loss of twist, called also &dquo;residual twist&dquo; [ 1 ]. This last parameter tends to increase, when the exit nozzle produces a false twist effect in the yarn and tends to diminish when yam friction against the rotor is increased. It also depends on yarn linear density and yam twist multiplier. We experimented further with 40 and 60 tex poly-. ester/cotton blended (70%, 30% and 50%, 50%) rotor spun yams. Yarn preparation was as described in reference 3 and 24 yarns were obtained: 8 ring spun yams, 12 open-end spun yarns (sawtooth shaped wire clothing in the opening roller) and 4 open-end spun yams (pinned wire clothing in the opening roller). The apparent loss of twist was determined in the same way [4] as in reference 2. Results are summarized in Table I and twist values expressed as twist multipliers (to cm-' tex). We can verify that eight ring spun yarns show the existence of small positive and negative differences for the apparent loss of twist. This allows us to formulate the hypothesis that a true apparent loss of twist does not appear in ring spun yarns and that differences


PURPOSE: An encoding method is provided to generate a turbo code having multiple tails in each encoder. CONSTITUTION: The encoding method for generating a turbo code having multiple tails comprises: a step to encode by adding a tail to each block after dividing input data into at least one block wherein the encoding method comprises a step to divide the input data into at least one block and then sequentially interleave every block and encode by adding each tail information to each input block interleaved; and a step to receive outputs of the input data, each tail information and the encoder and to selectively output.


The non-random occupation of habitats is termed habitat selection. Some species of whip spiders select trees with burrows at their base, while others use substrates such as rocks. Here, we investigated the habitat use by Charinus asturius Pinto-da-Rocha, Machado & Weygoldt, 2002, an endemic species of Ilhabela Island in Brazil. We found that C. asturius is more likely to be found under rocks that cover larger areas of substrate. Our results also suggest the existence of territorialism in C. asturius and show that C. asturius adults may be found again on the same rock a week later. Additionally, our data show that C. asturius is present in a greater area of Ilhabela than previously documented.


Abstract This article outlines a structured investigative activity for students in lower secondary school. It was developed for the Australian Mathematics and Science Partnership Programme, a government initiative intended to promote the employment of more hands-on investigations in secondary science within Australian schools. The investigation focuses on water purification and is intended to develop conceptual knowledge of this topic and also high-level skills such as experimental design, particularly in relation to identifying and controlling variables. The investigation is outlined in detail and was trialed with practicing science teachers, school students and preservice secondary teachers. All of these groups provided feedback in various forms that indicated the investigation was valuable, relevant, interesting and allowed students to take some responsibility for their own inquiry learning.


In the study, the problem of increasing cements'adhesion by using the manganese abietate compound as an additive has been investigated. Tests were made on the manganese compound produced under laboratory conditions to prove its suitability for improving the adhesion property of asphalt cements as an additive. The investigation was carried out with four different asphalt cements and six different aggregates containing four types of limestone and two types of basalt. An attempt has been made to document the additive's effects on bitumen's conventional properties such as: penetration value, softening point, ductility and thin film oven test. Besides, test methods were carried out to investigate the additive's effect on bituminous mixtures: Nicholson stripping, resistance of compacted bituminous mixture to moisture induced damage and Marshall stability ratio. Same tests were performed using asphalt with and without additive, and the obtained performance values were compared. The tests showed that the stripping resistance of limestone and basalt can be generally increased up to 90 % with an additive, while the stripping resistance value depends both on the type of aggregate and type of asphalt cement. This value lies between 85% and 100% for limestone and between 25% and 100% for basalt.


S,R,R,R)-nebivolol is a new type of selective β-adrenergic blocker,which has function about the expand of blood vessel for lower hypertension.The main study of nebivolol's pharmacodynamics,pharmacokinetics,therapeutic efficacy,tolerability and the progress of the synthesis research work were introduced in this text.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe finite element modelling for fracture and fatigue behaviour of zirconia toughened alumina microstructures. Design/methodology/approach – A two-dimensional finite element model is developed with an actual Al2O3-10 vol% ZrO2 microstructure. A bilinear, time-independent cohesive zone law is implemented for describing fracture behaviour of grain boundaries. Simulation conditions are similar to those found at contact between a head and a cup of hip prosthesis. Residual stresses arisen from the mismatch of thermal coefficient between grains are determined. Then, effects of a micro-void and contact stress magnitude are investigated with models containing residual stresses. For the purpose of simulating fatigue behaviour, cyclic loadings are applied to the models. Findings – Results show that crack density is gradually increased with increasing magnitude of contact stress or number of fatigue cycles. It is also identified that a micro-void brings about the increase of crack density rate. Social implications – This paper is the first step for predicting the lifetime of ceramic implants. The social implications would appear in the next few years about health issues. Originality/value – This proposed finite element method allows describing fracture and fatigue behaviours of alumina-zirconia microstructures for hip prosthesis, provided that a microstructure image is available.


© Digestive Medicine Research. All rights reserved. Dig Med Res 2020 | http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/dmr-20-56 As one of the foremost causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been an international focus of research (1-3). With only a small minority of patients eligible for curative treatments such as liver transplantation and surgical resection, majority of patients rely on systemic chemotherapy to treat their advanced HCC (4). From 2017 to 2019, the US FDA approved 3 tyrosine kinase inhibitors, 2 immune checkpoint inhibitors, and 1 anti-angiogenesis medication for treatment of advanced HCC (5). Recently on March 10, 2020, the US FDA approved a dual immunotherapy regimen (nivolumab and ipilimumab) as a second line treatment option in patients with progression on or intolerance to sorafenib, and it is predicted that the use of atezolizumab and bevacizumab in combination will also gain US FDA-approval for advanced HCC soon (6). In considering the many other immunotherapy treatments rapidly becoming available for use in HCC, the relevance of the KEYNOTE-240 results is up for debate. The results of KEYNOTE-240 (a phase 3 trial with 2:1 randomization to pembrolizumab versus placebo after progression or intolerance to sorafenib in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, N=413) had been widely anticipated following the encouraging results of KEYNOTE-224 (a single arm phase 2 trial using pembrolizumab in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma progressed or intolerable to sorafenib, N=104). The data from KEYNOTE-224 showed a 17% response rate and stable disease in 44% of patients, leading to accelerated US FDA-approval of pembrolizumab as a second line treatment for HCC in November 2018 (7). Disappointingly, KEYNOTE-240 has been reported as a negative trial, as the results did not meet the predetermined significance threshold of P=0.0174 for overall survival (OS) and P=0.002 for progression-free survival (PFS) (8). However, the results of the study demonstrate a nevertheless impressive significance of P=0.0238 and P=0.022 for OS and PFS, respectively. Under a traditional significance threshold of P=0.05, the study would have been reported as positive. As such, the pre-determined significance thresholds are an area of interest; in an interview with Targeted Oncology, the researchers stated that interim analyses required the alpha value to be lowered but did not elaborate further (9). Despite issues with the significance threshold, the results shown in Figure 2 of the article are promising. In graphs for both OS and PFS, there is a separation between the placebo arm and the pembrolizumab arm. Importantly, this separation is continuous and the curves do not appear to reconvene as the trial progresses. In addition, numerically, the OS is longer with pembrolizumab than with placebo (13.9 vs. 10.6 months). Figure 2 and OS data suggests a net survival benefit for some patients treated with pembrolizumab, despite statistical insignificance. It is also worth noting the consistency between the results of KEYNOTE-224 and KEYNOTE-240. Both Editorial Commentary


If you have ever seen an image macro, the chances are you've seen Impact, a typeface so commonly used in these memes that it could be called 'the meme font'. Its ubiquity within image macros is largely overlooked, yet it contributes significantly to their structure, and raises productive questions about creativity and the balance of replication and variation in memes more generally. This article is a brief introduction to Impact – its design and its history – as it relates not only to the practice of typography, but also to the development of standards for operating systems and for the web. Impact, like internet memes themselves, tells a story of both standardization and innovation. This typeface lay largely dormant for decades after its design, but today it ensures its own proliferation through its fixed role in the production of image macros.


Review Objective
The purpose of this systematic review is to establish the best available evidence on strategies to promote intermittent urethral self-catheterisation in adults with neurogenic / neuropathic bladders. More specifically, the review questions are:
What are the extrinsic and/or intrinsic factors that influence the suitability of individuals to perform self intermittent [urethral] catheterisation (SIMC)?
What strategies promote long term compliance with SIMC?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of using SIMC?
Does SIMC improve the quality of life for people using this bladder management strategy?

Criteria for considering studies for this review
Types of Studies
This review will incorporate the best available evidence for each of the sub-topics identified by the objectives and specific questions asked in this systematic review.
Quantitative
This component of the review will consider any randomised controlled trials (RCT) that examine the effectiveness of strategies to promote long term compliance with self-intermittent catheterisation. In the absence of RCT other quantitative research designs such as non-randomised experimental and quasi experimental, before and after studies, cohort studies and case series/case reports will be considered for inclusion in a narrative summary. For the remaining three sub-topics, i.e. quality of life, advantages and disadvantages of SIMC, and factors influencing suitability of individuals to perform SIMC, all quantitative research designs will be considered for inclusion.
Qualitative
This component of the review will consider any interpretive studies that draw on the experiences of intermittent self-catheterisation by adults for each of the sub-topics. This will include, but not be limited to, designs such as phenomenology, grounded theory and ethnography.
Studies excluded from this review include:
Those involving children and adolescents, i.e. > 18 years of age,
Catheterisation performed by a carer or health professional,
Catheterisation of a surgically created stoma,
Indwelling catheters,
Comparison of catheter types,
Strategies to specifically reduce infection.

Types of participants
The review will include adults who are 18 years or older, who undertake urethral self-catheterisation for management of their neurogenic bladder dysfunction.

Types of interventions/phenomena of interest
The interventions, programs and strategies of primary interest are those TRUNCATED AT 350 WORDS


We analyze capital structure decisions of U.S. firms during 1905-1924, a period characterized by two shocks that provide a unique experiment for studying the primary determinants of financing choices: (i) the introduction of corporate and individual taxes, and (ii) the onset of World War I, which resulted in large, transitory increases in investment outlays by U.S. firms. Although we find little evidence that shocks to corporate and individual taxes have a meaningful influence on observed leverage ratios, we find strong evidence that changes in leverage are positively related to investment outlays and negatively related to operating cash flows. Moreover, the transitory investments made by firms during World War I are associated with transitory increases in debt, especially by firms with relatively low earnings. We conclude that our findings are inconsistent with models that emphasize taxes as a first-order determinant of leverage choices, but broadly consistent with models that link the dynamics of leverage with dynamics of investment opportunities.


This paper examines the bibliographic features of Thomas H. Huxley's 1863 work Evidence as to Man's Place in Nature in order to focalize Huxley's public engagement with non-professional audiences and consumerist market forces. Huxley's shaping of Victorian scientific practices and his cultural contributions to natural history have been thoroughly documented, yet the hermeneutic potential of the popular work's bibliographic and visual elements has not been adequately addressed. When amalgamated through a re-conceived process of reading, the textual and visual features of Evidence materialize the evidence of evolutionary processes to which humans themselves are subject to. After confronting humans and primates in print, Huxley's audience understood that the socio-cultural barriers to the dismantling of animal/human dichotomies imposed by humanist ideology were made available to rational critique. Because of its wide-ranging success as a catalyst of public—not just professional—acknowledgment of evolution, I contend that Evidence 's physical and visual features should not be overlooked as major contributing factors in the dissemination and acceptance of natural explanation. This research engages with pressing questions concerning the interclass popularization of Victorian science: how did tactile decisions about the object fashion its own reception? Can evolution be presented via visual rather than purely conceptual means? How immersed was Huxley's product in burgeoning capitalistic forces? Ultimately, understanding Evidence 's status as a marketable visual product sheds light on how Victorians (professional and colloquial subjects alike) propagated, absorbed, and contemplated the ramifications of evolution.


Nutritional components of the muscle of Oreochromis sp.were determined and the energy values were calculated.The results showed that contents of crude protein,crude fat,ash and carbohydrates of muscles were 89.54%,3.59%,2.98% and 3.89% respectively.The content of essential amino acids was 8.17%;the percentage of essential amino acids in total amino acids was 38.26%.Of all the amino acids,the content of Glu is the richest and Cys is the poorest,which are 3.98% and 2.65%;there are most trace-elements(Ca,P,Mg and Fe)as high as 80,250,1.95,2.2 and 170.0 mg in 100 g muscle.Therefore,Oreochromis sp.is high-quality food with high contents of the protein,low fat and abundant essential trace-elements.


ABSTRACT The physics of intermittent dynamics that presages the onset of impending combustion instability and blowout in a turbulent lifted jet flame combustor is investigated. It is observed that the transition from combustion noise to combustion instability happens via intermittency while varying the relative location of the burner inside a confinement as a bifurcation parameter. For further change in burner location past the condition of combustion instability, the intermittency before the flame blows out is once again observed. The authors show that the coupled interaction of flow, flame dynamics, and combustion chamber acoustics is the physical reason for the occurrence of intermittency prior to combustion instability. In contrast, intermittent dynamics that presages blowout occurs due to the interplay between flame blowout precursor events and the driving of high-amplitude oscillations as the flame propagates towards the burner.


The ability of extracts of grain dust and wheat to induce histamine release from rat peritoneal cells was investigated. Some grain dusts, with a high endotoxin content, were found to produce cytotoxic histamine release. Extract of wheat dust, with a low endotoxin release, produced noncytotoxic histamine release from peritoneal cells but not from purified mast cells. This reaction was dependent on the presence of phosphatidyl serine. The agent did not appear to be a lectin because histamine release was not enhanced by passive sensitization of mast cells with IgE. The activity occurred only over a narrow range of concentrations of the extract of wheat. The cause was unclear.


The current training of postgraduate majoring in electronics information cannot achieve the requirement of employer. Some postgraduate students do not have enough ability to solve the problems in engineering. Therefore, to enhance the engineering practice ability of postgraduate students, teaching practice platform and innovation course are constructed. The proposed teaching practice platform can cover most basic knowledge of electronics information subjects, and a lot of innovation experiments are designed in the proposed innovation course which utilizes the form of flipped class. The proposed experiment platform and course have been utilized in University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC) for several years, and it helps postgraduate students enhance the ability of solve engineering problem.


The principle and influence factors of wet flue gas desulpherization section of 20 million tons in Huaibei melt/coke oven gas methanol project EPC equipment were discussed.Coke oven gas desulfurization process parameter optimization was got through some operation and driving of desulphurization system to improve H2S of PDS + NaCO3 in the removal of desulphurization process to achieve the best effect,and provide useful base of future design.


The purpose of this letter is to discuss the application of a modified gradient filtering technique proposed by Friedlander [1] to the modified recursive least mean square (RLMS) algorithm of Hsia [2].


We make a two-pronged proposal to (i) strengthen the incentives for replication work and (ii) better organize and draw attention to the replications that are conducted. First we propose that top journals publish short "replication reports." These reports could summarize novel work replicating an existing high-impact paper, or they could highlight a replication result embedded in a wider-scope published paper. Second, we suggest incentivizing replications with the currency of our profession: citations. Enforcing a norm of citing replication work alongside the original would provide incentives for replications to both authors and journals.


The forms of explanation that dominate political science research in the formal theory and causal inference traditions are closely connected. Specifically, each makes essential use of different, but related, kinds of all-else-equal claims. The emergence of "big data" has already begun to alter the landscape of empirical social science by making new sources of information (and, thus, new phenomena) amenable to quantitative analysis. But neither the centrality of all-else-equal explanations, nor the challenges associated with providing them, will be altered in the least by big data.


Education is key for any form of personal or societal development. Citizens who can read, calculate, and think critically are a country's great resource as they have better economic opportunities, higher agricultural productivity, healthier children, and better reproductive health. In her drive towards realization of the Vision 2030 therefore, Kenya highlights education and training as crucial components of the Social Pillar. This is with the understanding that knowledge is important for growth and development of economies. Yet, it is not just education for its own sake, but quality education to serve as a lever for personal development so that the capable and active citizens can in-turn be the strongest lever for long term sustainable change. There is however an emerging trend, consumerism, which thrives on pleasure seeking morality and hedonistic lifestyle while promoting intellectual inactivity. One only needs to have money to pay, often, for one's wants. How this money is obtained is not the issue. This certainly is at crossroads with the ideals of a holistic education which emphasizes virtues such as creativity, honesty and social integration. The purpose of this study was to examine the complexity of funding for quality education in a consumer heightened economy. The method of investigation was content analysis. The paper recommends an overhaul in the Kenyan education award system to ingrain human values of honesty and integrity. This would enhance the policy of quality education for sustainable economic growth.


 Abstract — In this article considered the structural - energetic correspondence of the constituent elements of the "chemical individual" - the elementary link of macroscopic formation. The identity of the nature of "electromagnetic particles" and elementary heat carriers - "theplotrons" is proposed. The dependence of temperature of substance on pulsation of electromagnetic particles combines the micro-macroscopic characteristics of matter.


827 approach well-known in computer graphics. The algorithm routes the scaffold along the Eulerian meshwork and adds the staple strands to the design. Before the actual 'staple strand' sequences are computed, a physical model is generated to understand whether there is undesirable steric strain in the structure that requires relaxation. The authors showed the feasibility of their semi-automated '3D printing' technique by producing several fascinating DNA structures with spherical topologies, such as the nanosized 'Stanford bunny'. Recently, the same laboratory extended their method by creating two-dimensional DNA shapes derived from the flat-sheet triangulated meshes8. Now, in the next step, Bathe and colleagues1 present an algorithm that reduces human input to a minimum and can create DNA nanostructures with a greater diversity of sizes, edge lengths and topologies. The fully automated procedure is named DAEDALUS (DNA origami sequence design algorithm for user-defined structures) after the virtuoso craftsman and the creator of labyrinths in Greek mythology. In brief, the procedure starts by representing the target structure as a polyhedral mesh and computing the corresponding 3D graph (step i) and the 'spanning tree' (step ii). The spanning tree algorithm routes the linear scaffold strand through the target shape with an Eulerian circuit (step iii) and finally generates staple strand sequences (step iv) for sealing the origami structure (Fig. 1a). The wireframe motif is based on two interconnected DNA double helices (i.e., double-crossover (DX) molecules), allowing more structural robustness than the previously reported top-down objects with single duplex edges7. After designing the shape and obtaining the sequences, researchers fabricate the structures using standard annealing routines. The DAEDALUS software (http:// daedalus-dna-origami.org/) not only generates a list of staple strands but also produces atomistic models of the designed structures, whereas the CanDo software (http://candodna-origami.org/)5,6 can be used to simulate shapes of the objects in aqueous solution. Bathe and colleagues1 demonstrate the power of DAEDALUS by creating numerous Platonic, Archimedean, Johnson and Catalan solids as well as objects with higher structural complexity, such as asymmetric constructs and polyhedra with non-spherical topologies (Fig. 1b). They also show how to produce linear scaffold strands of the required sequence and length by a facile asymmetric PCR. The scaffolds they use are shorter or longer than the conventional M13 phage DNA—a circular strand that has a proven track record as a suitable scaffold3 but that is strictly fixed in size (7,249 nucleotides). Custom-length scaffolds that minimize the excess of single-stranded DNA may help increase folding yields and structural integrity in low-salt conditions. The authors verify that 45 different shapes are correctly folded using atomic force microscopy and single-particle cryo-electron microscopy, further supported by 3D reconstruction compared to model predictions. These studies also reveal detailed structural features, such as the chirality of the vertex twist. The scaffold routing is counter-clockwise around each face due to the preference of the DNA major groove to point inwards at vertices, and indeed, the cryo-electron microscopy reconstructions confirm this expected geometry. Interestingly, the objects can be folded in the presence of low concentrations of cations (magnesium or sodium) and in phosphate-buffered saline alone. The reported constructs are stable in phosphate-buffered saline and in other cell-compatible buffers (e.g., Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Media with fetal bovine serum) for up to 6 h, an important prerequisite for any biological application9. Although the above results indicate that relatively stable wireframe DNA objects can be designed and synthesized, a goal for future work will be to increase the durability of structures for certain implementations. Along these lines, the authors speculate that further generalizations of their technique could include edge design with arbitrary cross-sections. This feature would make structures mechanically sturdier and help in obtaining closed-surface topologies, which are needed, for example, to encapsulate cargo in DNA containers10. Another intriguing route toward in vivo applications would be to develop automated methods for genetically encoding DNA nanostructures in order to synthesize them in living cells. Overall, the work of Bathe and colleagues1 adds to a growing body of research that is broadening the structural diversity of DNA nanostructures. Various applications of the technology are already beginning to emerge. For example, the structural similarities between rigid, cage-like DNA nanostructures and virus particles or other protein cages suggest approaches in which nanostructures decorated with appropriate targeting peptides are used to deliver drugs to particular cell types or to trigger immune responses9,10 (Fig. 1c). But it is perhaps in the area of materials engineering that the majority of near-term applications lie. Rigid, closed DNA nanostructures might serve, for instance, as 'molds' for the production of custom-shaped metal nanoparticles11 (Fig. 1c). In fact, because they offer such an astoundingly high degree of structural order—similar to that found in proteins3— DNA nanostructures may also find use as scaffolds for precisely positioning other pivotal molecules, such as catalytic enzymes. As methods such as DAEDALUS move us closer to the in silico design of ever more complex DNA nanostructures at atomic resolution, the era of fully programmable nanoscale materials comes increasingly into view4.


Let $(tilde{X},p)$ be the universal covering space of a compact metrizable space $ X $, which is compact and locally path connected. In this paper, we show that there exist metrics $ d $ and $ d' $ for $ X $ and $tilde{X} $, respectively, such that any contractive map $ f:Xto X $ induces a contractive map on $ tilde{X}$. As an application, it is obtained that every iterated function system(IFS) on the space $ X $ with attractor $ K $, induces an IFS on $tilde{ X} $ with attractor $tilde{K},$ such that $ p(tilde{K})=K$.


Deuteronomy appears to share numerous thematic and phraseological connections with the book of Hosea from the eighth century bce. Investigation of these connections during the early twentieth century settled upon a scholarly consensus, which has broken down in more recent work. Related to this question is the possibility of northern origins of Deuteronomy—as a whole, or more likely, in an early proto-Deuteronomy legal core. This chapter surveys the history of the investigation leading up to the current impasse and offers a reexamination of the problem from the standpoint of one passage in Hosea.


In the real situations, decision makers are often faced to a plurality of objectives and constraints in a world of imprecise data about the preferences of agents, the local constraints and the global environment. In a fuzzy environment, fuzzy linear programming (FLP) and fuzzy goal programming (FGP) problems introduce fuzzy objective functions and constraints, fuzzy parameter and variable sets. Mathematical operators are used to aggregate the fuzzy objective functions and constraints. The optimal solution corresponds to the maximum degree of the membership function in the decision set. The resolution of the multi-objective FLP consists in reducing the vector optimization of objective functions to a single objective. Weighted goal programming problems consider the relative importance of objectives. This contribution presents essential techniques with numerical applications to simple economic problems. The computations are carried out using the software MATHEMATICA® 7.0.1 and the sub-package Fuzzy Logic 2, whose selected primitives are proposed.


Acute appendicitis is one of the most common causes of right iliac fossa pain that require emergent surgical intervention. The diagnosis is made predominantly on the basis of clinical criteria. The diagnosis may be elusive in a few cases, thus leading to a negative appendicectomy. The Alvarado scoring system, which is based on a set of clinical and laboratory criteria, has therefore been developed to make the diagnosis of this condition easier and more accurate. The present study aims at studying the role of the Alvarado score in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis warranting emergency appendicectomy.


In this paper, we consider a low-complexity iterative receiver for decoding multi-user information data for the bandwidth efficient convolutionally coded UWB TH-CDMA system, in a multipath channel. The proposed receiver structure consists of a bank of soft interference cancellers (SIC), followed by a block of MMSE filters. The outputs of these filters, are fed to a bank of likelihood calculators (LC), each followed by a soft-input soft-output (SISO) convolutional decoder. Information is fed back from SISO decoders to SICs for interference cancellation. This receiver requires the knowledge of the attenuation and delay of the strongest path of each active user. We evaluate the performance of the proposed receiver in multipath channels. Our numerical results show that the new receiver significantly improves the system performance.


We quantify the throughput capacity of wireless multi-hop networks with several medium access schemes. We analyze pure ALOHA scheme where simultaneous transmitters are dispatched according to a uniform Poisson distribution and exclusion schemes where simultaneous transmitters are dispatched according to an exclusion rule such as node coloring and carrier sense based schemes. We consider both no-fading and standard Rayleigh fading channel models. Our results show that, under no-fading, slotted ALOHA can achieve at least one-third (or half under Rayleigh fading) of the throughput capacity of node coloring scheme whereas carrier sense based scheme can achieve almost the same throughput capacity as node coloring.


The objective of this work was to validate a model based on the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) for the prediction of spatial variability of accumulated biomass in shoots and wheat grain yield. Georeferenced readings of NDVI and biomass, at the end of tillering, and of grain yield were carried out. The proposed method allowed relating classes of spatial variability of NDVI and biomass, with 81% of correspondence between them. However, the relation between spatial variability of yield and NDVI was lower, with 48% of correspondence.


The invention relates to a sludge resource utilization system and method. Surplus calcium oxide is used as agents of a whole sludge treatment process. The system and method have the advantages of being harmless and stable in sludge processing, reduction is achieved, reutilization is achieved, desulfurizing agent consumption is small, and the reutilization rate is high. According to the technical scheme, the system comprises a preprocessor for sludge organic matter decomposing, an outlet of the preprocessor is communicated with an anaerobic fermentation tank, a methane outlet of the anaerobic fermentation tank is connected with a methane tank, a sludge outlet of the anaerobic fermentation tank is connected with a dehydrator and a dryer in sequence, a sludge outlet of the dryer and an inlet of an incinerator are communicated, a smoke outlet of the incinerator is connected with a dust collector, a flying ash outlet of the dust collector is divided into two ways which are connected with a flying ash inlet of the preprocessor and an ash storeroom respectively, an outlet of the methane tank is communicated with an electricity generating fuel machine, a smoke outlet of the fuel machine is connected with a waste heat boiler, and the incinerator and the waste heat boiler provide heat for the dryer through heat supplying pipes.


Research on the effect of aluminum contents and of its particle size on detonation characteristics of RDX-based compositions containing 15–60% aluminum was carried out. Measurements of detonation velocity for different charge diameters and confinements were performed. To measure the shock curvature of the detonation wave, X-ray photography was applied. Unconfined charges and charges confined with a water envelope were tested. The radius of the detonation front curvature was determined. The cylinder test results were the basis for determination of the acceleration ability and energetic characteristics of the detonation products of the mixtures. The Gurney energy describing the acceleration ability was found. The detonation energy of the mixtures tested was also estimated from the cylinder test data.


Research on the status of suspended particulate matters pollution in four traditional markets located in Makassar city has been done. The purpose of this research is to know the air quality in the traditional market areas, especially caused by suspended particulate matters. The background of this research is because traders who trade in traditional markets generally peddle their goods along dusty roads and suspended particulate matters in dust can be inhaled when the vehicle passes. These suspended particulate matters pollutant can cause lung diseases. The results showed that the level of suspended particulate matters pollution fluctuates every year depending on the local wind speed, humidity, and temperature. Research results also showed the values were over the standard value according to the governor of South Sulawesi regulation.


The article is devoted to the specifics of the emotional aspect in language. The author considers diminutives of the Tuvan language as linguistic means having emotional expression. The research material shows that diminutives, except their main meaning, can transmit different emotional and expressive significations. The primary way of diminutive word formation in the Tuvan language is an affixation. Diminutives formed with the help of dimensional adjectives and their combinations also have an emotional meaning. It is noted that in semantics of diminutives the positive emotional signification is the most clearly manifested together with affixes of belonging and is closely related to semantics of the derived stem. It is revealed that the negative emotional connotation primarily depends on communicative situation, on general meaning of the statement. Therefore, formation of diminutives' emotional meaning in the Tuvan language is influenced by conditions of internal and external context.


Objective: The objective of the study is to compare the effect of syntocinon administration on intraoperative mean arterial pressure in elective caesarean delivery. Study Design: Randomized Comparative Trial. Place And Duration of Study: Department of Anaesthesiology Combined Military Hospital Quetta from Aug 2011 to Sep 2012. Material and Methods: All full term females fulfilling inclusion criteria underwent elective caesarean delivery in the operation theatre of CMH Quetta as indoor patients, under spinal anaesthesia and aseptic measures. In group A,10 IU syntocinon I/V bolus followed by 40 IU/L of Normal Saline @ 32 drops/min was given immediately after baby delivery. In group B, 2.5 IU syntocinon I/V bolus followed by 15 IU/L of Normal Saline @ 32 drops/min was given immediately after baby delivery.These women had their intra-operative mean arterial pressure(MAP) recorded at the time of bolus, then after 2min, 5min, 10 min and 15 min. Intra-operative MAP readings were compared among the two groups. Results: MAP was significantly higher (p-value =0.001) when low dose Syntocinon (2.5 IU syntocinon I/V bolus followed by 15 IU/L of Normal Saline at the rate of 32 drops/min) is given immediately after baby delivery without compromising its therapeutic beneficial effect. Conclusion Administration of low dose syntocinon during elective caesarean delivery has the same therapeutic effects but with an added advantage that MAP remains stable.


The impact of outdoor air change rates on the indoor air pollutant
 levels was evaluated in office buildings located in Seoul, Korea.
The concentration levels of the indoor air pollutants were monitored
at different outdoor air change rates and the odor and discomfort
 ratings were surveyed with questionnaire by the occupants and the
 panels. The results of this study could indicate that the air change
 rates and the carbon dioxide concentration were statistically significant,
 and the proper air change rates and the operation strategy of ventilation
 system should be considered differently with symptoms of occupants in
 office buildings.


This paper is a continuation of our previous work [10]. By GAERS-1, we denote the class of generalized abelian exchange rings with stable range 1. In this paper, we first prove that for any ring R ∈ GAERS-1 and any ideal I of R, K0(R/I) is an archimedean l-group, which is a natural generalization of [10, Theorem 5.3]. As applications, we establish explicit characterizations for the K0-simplicity of such rings in the sense of [3], and investigate the norm completeness of their K0-groups. Finally, we characterize the primitive idempotents in R by K0(R) with ordered structure, from which we can further determine completely the structure of K0(R).


Most of the discussions of domesticating/foreignizing translation at home are stillmade from the perspectives of translation studies characteristic of traditional linguistics.Starting from the influencing factors upon translator's choice of domestication/foreignization,it embeds the choice of translation strategy in the fabrics of receiving culture to display acomplicated picture of the multiple impacts between the choice of translation strategy andvarious norms of receiving culture.Further beneficial suggestions will,hopefully,be collectedfor our theoretical studies of translation.


Abstract: This article is focused on the mechanisms that are used for perfumery and cosmetics terminology formation in the Russian, Ukrainian and Polish languages based on material from modern dictionaries and internet sources. The subject of the research is the means of creating perfumery and cosmetics terms in three Slavic languages. As a result, universal tendencies towards integration, differentiation, internationalization and unification of the language means in its structural, semantic and genetic aspects are determined. The research is based on the synchronic and partially diachronic approach with the use of componential analysis and the method of definition. Findings. The specificity of the perfumery and cosmetics terminology in closely related Slavic languages results from extralinguistic and intralinguistic factors, from native language laws of functioning and its special denotative correlation that manifests itself both in the nominative and the semasiological aspects. The following term-forming mechanisms proved to be typical: terminologization of common words, lexical term borrowings from other languages, transterminologization, special words modelling with Olena Voytseva* Odesa I. I. Mechnikov National University, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3460-4545


An acoustic metasurface made of a composite structure of cavity and membrane is proposed and numerically investigated. The target frequency is in the low frequency regime (570 Hz). The unit cells, which provide precise local phase modulation, are rather thin with thickness in the order around 1/5 of the working wavelength. The numerical simulations show that the designed metasurface can steer the reflected waves at will. By taking the advantage of this metasurface, an ultrathin planar acoustic axicon, acoustic lens, and acoustic nondiffracting Airy beam generator are realized. Our design method provides a new approach for the revolution of future acoustic devices.


This article introduces the definition, developmental process, standard and confused expression of self-consciousness, and also discusses the adjustment methods of self-consciousness.


The sexual health of the nation is as important as any other element of health care provision. The support worker should aim to incorporate sexual health in the total healthcare package, thus offering people holistic care. This article is the first in a six-part series and addresses some of the issues associated with sexual health care. In this article, the epidemiology (the study of sexually transmitted infections, the number of cases and the control of infection) is provided. It is important to understand the incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), how they are transmitted and the control measures in place to provide care that is safe and effective. The support worker must also understand how to undertake a comprehensive sexual health history as part of a holistic assessment. Other articles in the series will include an overview of some of the diagnostic tests and investigations associated with STIs. The most common STIs — gonorrhoea, syphilis, chlamydia and herpes—will be discussed individ...


It was by serendipity, during a survey aimed at determining the course of an underground source by employees of the municipality of Sétif in 1907, that the beautiful monument was discovered at a depth of three meters of the "Roman basins" of Sétif (Algeria)[1]. The architecture of this site caught the attention of both elected officials and the public, and led to considering its conservation. Located in the Rafaoui garden (former Barral garden)[2], it represents one of the most beautifully preserved open-air monuments in this city. However, it remains a subject of controversy as to its "origin"[3]. The present work seeks to weave a portrait of the model, which will provide us with the arguments necessary for its "identification", and thus brought a correction on its name, and at the same time justify the action of a support for its conservation[4].

[1]  This source feeds the two main and famous fountains of this city (Ain Fouara & Ain Droudj), located in a part known for its wealth of Roman remains. (Elizabeth Fenteress, Paul-Albert Février, Anissa Mohamedi, 1984).
[2] Since this discovery, the site has been laid out as an "open-air museum garden", displaying this unearthed archaeological treasure.
[3] Improperly called nowadays "Roman baths", instead of "nymphs", and this is what we are going to dismantle.
[4] In our situation, the question of heritage is no longer posed only in terms of preservation, but also in terms of integration into the changing urban environment, which is another form of "valorisation".


We analyze the convergence of an approximate gradient projection method for minimizing the sum of continuously differentiable functions over a nonempty closed convex set. In this method, the functions are aggregated and, at each iteration, a succession of gradient steps, one for each of the aggregate functions, is applied and the result is projected onto the convex set. We show that if the gradients of the functions are bounded and Lipschitz continuous over a certain level set and the stepsizes are chosen to be proportional to a certain residual squared or to be square summable, then every cluster point of the iterates is a stationary point. We apply these results to the backpropagation algorithm to obtain new deterministic convergence results for this algorithm. We also discuss the issues of parallel implementation and give a simple criterion for choosing the aggregation.


The work in emergencies is stressful, hence the importance of coping strategies to maintain health and quality of care. The study seeks to identify stressors experienced by nurses who work in an emergency to a general hospital, coping mechanisms and implications for assistance. Search cross-sectional quantitative, analytical, at Emergency Hospital of Mother of God, in Porto Alegre / RS, in 2007, with 19 nurses. The instruments for data collection were "Inventory of Stress on Nurses', two open questions and sociodemographic data. Majorities are women, especially, 30-45 years old, 47.4% have children, 47% work for 10-15 years in the profession and 68% work exclusively. They live with many stressors; the analysis of categories of IEE shows little variability in scores. As for the interference of stressors in the audience, are: demand, remote assistance, urgency of time, among others. As for coping, are classified into strategies at work and outside. The former include dialogue, empathy, mutual aid and conflict resolution. Strategies outside work include leisure, meditation, relaxation, being with the family and enhance their lives. The management of occupational stress may reflect improvement in the performance of nurses in preserving health and extending the quality of care.


The traditional vacuum fried fruit and vegetable chips have high oil content and the quality needs to be improved. The process of vacuum fried mushroom chips was studied. Hot air speed,moisture conversion point,hot air drying temperature and vacuum frying temperature were used as factors,orthogonal experiment was made. With oil content and sensory index as indicator,the optimum parameters of the vaccumfried and hot air combined drying of mushroom chip were obtained as follows: hot air speed 1. 0 m / s,moisture conversion point 35%,hot air drying temperature 65 ℃,vacuum frying temperature 90 ℃. The oil content of combined drying mushroom chips was 1. 78% less than traditional vacuum fried,and the product sensory quality had been improved.


The present invention relates to an antenna structure for a chip card manufacturing antenna structure (10), especially in the ultra high frequency (UHF) frequency range of chip card chip card manufacturer, which has a substrate and a coating method constitutes a plurality of antenna conductor structure on the substrate (11), said antenna structure having a conductor joint structure (24) for connection to the antenna conductor structure on the chip, wherein the substrate is formed with the substrate sheet (12 ), and the antenna conductor structure having a plurality of columns and rows of a matrix structure (13) disposed on the substrate sheet.