Two innovations multiple access technologies for efficient spectrum use in future wireless communications standards, non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and cognitive radio (CR). The NOMA is one of the most promising performance improvement methods in 5G cells and CR will make the most of dynamic spectrum access and diversity throughout the broad spectrum possible, to alleviate the spectrum scarcity problem and meet the huge demands for wireless connectivity. The paper aims to look and survey at methods and techniques that maximize spectrum efficiency and performance. In order to evaluate the important functions of spectrum optimization techniques, a descriptive approach was used. We found that these are effective methods to solve the problems of a specific frequency spectrum and additional spectral efficiency benefits would be provided. combining NOMA and CR can meet 5G standards. This article discusses the basic principle of NOMA, the basic concept of cognitive radio, the spectrum sharing way, and the advantages and challenges of NOMA and CR spectrum sharing.


Six indigenous medicinal plants have been selected for the physico-chemical studies. These plants belong to Graminaceae, cucubitaceae, cruciferae and Moringaceae families. Colour, taste, pH, density, viscosity, refractive index, specific gravity and optical rotation have been studied in hot water extract of Cymbopogon citratus (DC) stapf where moisture, ash content, acid insoluble matter, fiber content, oil content. Iodine value and Invert sugar studies have been carried out in ethanolic extracts of Citrullus vullgaris, Cucumis melo, Moringa oleifera, Raphanus sativus and Zea mays. Refractive index, specific gravity, saponification value, Iodine value, unsaponiflcable matter and Acid value, colour in lovibond cell have been studied in Raphanus seeds oil.


Due to its low processing temperature, cold-sprayed coatings tend to exhibit many advantages over traditional thermal sprayed coatings, such as, lower porosity, oxidation and residual stress levels. These characteristics impart the improved anti-corrosion performance of the cold-sprayed coatings. However, it is not known how much these factors influence the corrosion performance of them. In addition, there are few results on the electrochemical behavior difference between cold and thermally sprayed coatings. In this article, as-deposited cold-sprayed copper, aluminum bulk material, arc-sprayed copper and pure copper are tested with electrochemical methods to compare their electrochemical behaviors in natural seawater. The electrochemical methods included the potential-dynamic polarization curve and electrochemical impedance spectrum. The results indicated that there is no significant difference in the corrosion potential between cold-sprayed and bulk copper materials. The potential of cold-sprayed copper is much different from that of the arc-sprayed one. Polarization curves indicated that the corrosion rate is significantly higher for arc-sprayed copper. The electrochemical impedance spectrum shows that there is no difference in electrode interface structure between cold-sprayed and bulk copper materials. Based on these results it is inferred that the higher corrosion rate for arc-sprayed copper was caused by its high porosity level and oxidation degree.


112 Gbit/s transmission in a 2D infrared AWG-based beam steering system is demonstrated by employing PAM-4 modulation, pulse-shaping, pre-compensation and equalisation techniques in a SOA-based pre-amplified direct-detection scheme. BER performances below HD-FEC (3.8E-3) have been achieved.


A supplementary list of 101 new records of plant species, as well as an updated alphabetical check list comprising a total of 489 plant species, were compiled for the Kalahari Gemsbok National Park. The area covers approximately 9 593 km2. These species rep- resent 214 genera and 55 families. The Pteridophyta is represented by two species (0.4 of the total number of species), the Monocotyledonae by 116 species (23.7 ) and the Dicotyledonae by 371 species (75.9 ).


It is an important issue to deploy sensors on the monitor area for wireless sensor networks. There are many researches about this issue, and they address how to achieve efficient coverage. This paper also provides a sensor deployment scheme, but there are some differences between previous researches. The robot deployment scheme is proposed in this paper, and a single robot deploys sensor one by one according the decided x and y coordinates; the first deployed sensor and the last deployed sensor are neighbor. The scheme can be applied to the deployed area with concave boundaries. Once entering the concave region, the robot can deploy sensor efficiently with full coverage, and then leave the concave region from the Exit which is next to the Entry.


Success of most current vaccines relies on the production of high-affinity antibodies. The generation of high-affinity antibody producing B cells occurs within the germinal center, and CD4+ T follicular helper cells (Tfh) play an indispensable role during the maturation of these B cells. A critical step in this process is the secretion of interleukin-4 (IL-4) by Tfh cells. IL-4 signaling in germinal center B cells is required for affinity maturation of IgG1. IL-4 production by Tfh cells appears to occur independently from the classical Th2 differentiation pathway. Currently, the mechanisms regulating IL-4 production by Tfh cells are unknown. One intriguing possibility for non-canonical IL-4 production in Tfh cells is the Notch pathway. Notch signaling is required for the differentiation of Tfh cells, and has been shown to modulate IL-4 production. Here, we provide mechanistic evidence for Notch signaling in the production of IL-4 by Tfh cells. Inhibition of Notch signaling after germinal center formation resulted in a significant decrease in the percentage and number of Tfh cells actively producing IL-4. Furthermore, inhibition of Notch signaling led to decreased expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR5 in IL-4 producing CD4+ T cells, which corresponded to a repositioning of IL-4-competent cells outside of the germinal center. These findings suggest a model in which Notch signaling is not only important in Tfh differentiation, but also in Tfh function and maintenance.


This Essay traces the broad outlines of the American legal profession's growth and differentiation over the past thirty years and how those trends relate to debates about professionalism, lawyer regulation, and how best to prepare law students to navigate their careers and the ethical dimensions of their work.


A species of stem nematodes, Ditylenchus triformis Hirschmann Sasser,1955, was found in soil around the rhizosphere of plants from Liaoning,Jilin, Heilongjiang, Shanxi,Shaanxi and Gansu provinces in China during 1995-1998. There were intersexuals except female and male in the population by morphological observation.


It has been an important criminal law theoretical and practical issues whether compensation can affect sentencing.The key to solve the question is to find basis for compensation as a circumstance of sentencing from the theoretical roots in penalty.Attaching points can be found for compensation as a circumstance of sentencing from the theoretical roots in penalty,then coming into the conclusion that compensation can affect sentencing.


A randomly selected sample of 7445 persons from North- West rural area of Kashmir were studied and 322 confirmed cases of scabies have been found giving the prevalence rate of 4.33 percent with male preponderance (5.24 percent) and a sex ratio of 1.3: 1. Scabies has been found more prevalent significantly up to 15 years of age (7.42 percent), among joint families (4.71 percent _, in overcrowded environment (5.06 percent) and lower socio- economic group (6.10 percent). Seasonal impact on the disease 'Scabies' revealed that the disease is more prevalent in summer (6.79 percent) followed by Autumn (6.53 per cent ). Moreover, the disease is more prevalent among the persons with unsatisfactory personal hygiene (6.03 percent). The commonest type of scabies was simple scabies in either of the sex.


Recently much work on fibre lasers has concentrated on improving the maximum output energy and peak powers available from such systems. An important recent advance in this area has been the development of single transverse-mode, large mode area (LMA-) doped fibre1. The LMA gives increased energy storage reduces the impact of optical nonlinearities and improves the power handling capabilities of the fibre. We have developed LMA fibre designs allowing robust, single transverse-mode laser operation with fibre Mode Field Diameters (MFDs) in excess of 30 μm, i.e around 5 times larger than conventional doped fibre designs Q-switch fibre lasers based on this fibre have yielded pulse energies in excess of 0.5 mJ. Here we present the first demonstration of the use of such fibre in a passively mode-locked soliton laser. Subpicosecond, 1 nJ soliton pulses are obtained representing more than an order of magnitude increase in pulse energy relative to conventional soliton lasers.


A numerical method is presented for calculating the symmetric wakes of two-dimensional bodies for incompressible laminar and turbulent flows. The appropriate thin shear layer equations are solved by using Keller's two-point finite-difference method. To account for the inner shear layer generated by the change of boundary conditions from no slip on the body to smooth flow on the axis of symmetry, a double-structured numerical scheme is used at the trailing edge. The Reynolds shear stress term is modeled by a modified version of the algebraic eddy viscosity approach of Cebeci and Smith. A comparison of centerline velocities for laminar wake flows with zero pressure gradient indicates excellent agreement with those given by Goldstein. In addition, several laminar temperature profiles past a flat plate are computed for several Prandtl numbers. Similar calculations for turbulent wake flows also indicate excellent agreement with the experimental data of Chevray and Kovasznay and show that the centerline velocit...


Abstract α-methyl and α-benzylcinnamic acids and lithium diisopropylamlde (DIPA) generate stable dianlons that as addition reagents are useful for the synthesis of α-methylene-and α-benzyl Idene-γ-lactones.


Generation of efficient and desired shaped electron beam is the key requirements for any kinds of vacuum electron devices (VED). Graphene based field emitter have several merits over conventional thermionic emitters due to its high emission current density, zero thermal loading, easy to mount etc. In this present work, a simple, cost effective, and high throughput graphene synthesis method has been demonstrated and emission capabilities has characterize in a closed spaced diode mode inside a vacuum chamber. The emission capabilities of graphene film has simulated and experimentally validated which shows that the synthesized graphene can deliver current density upto 500 A/cm2.


UNLABELLED
The exercise training has positive impact on autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity. However, specific type of these changes significantly depends on intensity of used physical exertion.

THE AIM OF THE STUDY
To assess the influence of long-term and single moderate physical exertion on ANS function in young athletes.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
Sixteen middle-aged, 19-34 years old (24 +/- 5) athletes were included in the study. Assessment of ANS parameters (baroreflex sensitivity--BRS-WBA, heart rate variability--HRV) and mean heart rate period (mean HP) were calculated three times: recording 1--during the final stage of training period, recording 2--60 minutes after single moderate exertion, recording 3--after 2 months of training before competitions.

RESULTS
In the whole group, significant increase of TP, HF SDNN and rMSSD indices was found in recording 2 comparing to recording 1, whereas after 2 months of intensive training no statistically significant changes were observed. In the group of athletes training only endurance sport (12 persons) in recording 2 the significant increase of TP, HF, SDNN, rMSSD and BRS-WBA was found. After 2 months of intensive training, no changes of these parameters were observed.

CONCLUSIONS
In response to long-term training cycle with increasing intensity, preparing athletes for competitions, no significant changes of measured ANS parameters were found, which may indicate lack of overtraining during such a high intensity of training, and its safety. The changes of ANS parameters indicating increase of parasympathetic nervous system function after single exertion with moderate intensity (65% of maximum heart rate) were observed.


A new numerical technique is introduced for first-order hyperbolic equations, based on combining the spectral method with explicit timestepping along the characteristics, which permits the use of large timesteps at no cost in accuracy. The method is unconditionally stable and spectrally accurate. The theoretical results are illustrated by numerical experiments.


The Microwave Humidity Sounder (MWHS) is a five-channel microwave radiometer in the range of 150-191 GHz onboard FengYun 3 (FY-3). Before the launch of FY-3A, the intensive thermal vacuum (TVAC) tests for MWHS had been carried out in a 2-m TVAC chamber, and the basic parameters such as receiver nonlinearity were obtained. Four-year operation shows that the performance of FY-3A MWHS remains stabile. The variations among space views and warm target views in the interval of scan lines were generally within 20 counts. In addition, the temperature fluctuation of the warm target in a single pass is within 0.5 K. Primarily, due to the nonlinearity correction obtained from the TVAC test, radiance measurements of MWHS agree well with NOAA-17 AMSU-B and NOAA-18 Microwave Humidity Sounder (MHS) data. Averaged brightness temperature differences between FY-3 MWHS and NOAA-17 AMSU-B, at simultaneous cross-overpass points, are less than 1.08 K for the channels at 183 ± 1 GHz. In the observation-minus-background comparison, the observed and simulated brightness temperature biases of FY-3 MWHS and NOAA-18 MHS exhibit similar performance in the 183.31 ± 1 GHz channel; but in the 183.31 ± 7 GHz channel, MWHS agrees better with background. It is anticipated that FY-3 MWHS data will contribute to numerical weather prediction.


Demands for weight reduction in automobiles have been constantly increasing due to its environmental impact, leading to increased interests in light metals such as aluminum and magnesium. However, for most structural applications that require large energy absorption, implementation of high strength steel is still a pervasive solution. When the high strength steel having a high martensite fraction (DP 980) is joined by resistance spot welding, a softening zone is generated in the welds, leading to the reduction of the strength of the welds. In addition, high strength steels generally contain a large amount of carbon and alloying elements. As a result, the carbon equivalent exhibiting hardenability increases, having the welded part become weak, and making it difficult to secure the performance required by the part or the vehicle body. Vaporizing foil actuator welding (VFAW) which is one of the solid-state welding techniques utilizes a high-pressure pulse generated by the vaporization of an aluminum foil to cause high speed collision of flyer and target sheets to create solid-state bonds with negligible melting at the weld interface. So, VFAW produces joints with little to no HAZ. In this study, to examine the vaporizing foil actuator welding properties of 1 GPa grade high strength steel, microstructure analysis and hardness test were performed. The test results were compared with the resistance spot welding properties of the same material.


A direct experimental test for local commutativity (i.e., (A,B) = 0 if A and B are associated with mutually spacelike regions) is proposed. It consists of a comparison of the distribution of outcomes of A measurements in the two cases where A alone is measured (no measurement apparatus for B present) and where both are measured on the same sample, in short, a test of the compatibility of the two observation procedures for A and B. The implication compatibility ..-->.. commutativity (substantially proved by von Neumann, but questioned by Park and Margenau) is proved in a stronger form, with close attention paid to the distinction between different procedures corresponding to a given self-adjoint operator.


We have used admittance spectroscopy to characterize the DX centers in Sn doped A1GaAs and Si doped A1GaAs samples. Three peaks in conductance and the corresponding steps in capacitance are observed in the admittance spectra of Sn doped samples. It is shown that these peaks arise from the multiple states of the same physical center rather than to three different types of defects. The deepest state corresponds to the conventional DX state in the Sn doped AlGaAs probed by deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS). The other two states are not normally observed in DLTS experiments due to experimental limitations. In the case of Si doped A1GaAs samples only one peak which is broad or slightly asymmetric is observed and it corresponds to the main DLTS peak of the Si-DX center.


This user-friendly guide will help students of the 'Star' to be able to discuss at a basic level what, at least conceptually, Rosenzweig intended to say and how all that he says is interrelated.


Use this class-room ready lesson plan to consider how simple, functional cabins, like those built by the Finns in Idaho, became symbols in American politics and folklore.


The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of the planned behavior on viewing behavior of the audience of taekwondo public performance : with multigroup analysis of viewing motivation as the center. The subjects of this study were 552 audiences of taekwondo public performance by using SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 18.0 programs. To perform this empirical study, the data for the present study were collected from one firms through questionnaire and all measures were self-administred by respondents. To analyze this data, reliability test and factor analysis was employed to test the reliability and validity, and structural equation model analysis was used to identify the effect of the planned behavior on viewing behavior of the audience of taekwondo public performance-with multigroup analysis of viewing motivation as the center. The results were summarized as follow. First, it was showed that planned behavior has a significant positive influence on viewing intention and behavior. Second, it was showed moderated effect that subjective norm has a significant influence on viewing intention. Third, it was showed moderated effect that perceived control has a significant positive influence on viewing intention. Forth, it was showed moderated effect that viewing intention has a significant positive influence on viewing behavior.


Fairy tales are anonymous verbal works of folk literature. They are transferred from a generation to another by narration and in this way transfer the culture of the society in which they were created to successive generations. Fairy tales are embellished with extraordinary plots, extraordinary characters, and imagination and are sometimes published and become written literary works, thus increasing the permanence of fairy tales. Fairy tales can be transmitted to wider masses only by being translated. This article researches the book The Scottish Fairy Book compiled by Scottish author Elizabeth Wilson Grierson and İskoç Masalları as the Turkish translation of this literary work translated by Derya Işık. The aim of this research is to demonstrate and illustrate on the basis of a theoretical framework the strategies the translator pursued while translating the fairy tale compilation.


ABSTRACT This study was conducted to evaluate the thermal cracking resistance of asphalt binder using monotonic test by 4-mm dynamic shear rheometer (DSR). The asphalt binder used in this study was extracted and recovered from four field sections of Rochester experimental pavement in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Fracture energy and failure strain obtained from the stress–strain curve were found to be potentially good indicators to investigate low-temperature performance of asphalt binder. It was observed that the fracture energy and failure strain correlate well with transverse thermal cracking in the field. The frequency sweep test to determine shear modulus and the bending beam rheometer (BBR) test to determine the creep stiffness and m-value were conducted to verify the test result.


Abstract The importance of environmental aspects in construction is growing during the time. The aim of the research is to analyze environmental aspects of construction industry development and related regulations in Latvia, including the last green building certification development tendencies. The analysis, historical, document review and logical access methods have been used in the research. The article also includes overview of the international experience. The results of research show growing importance of environmental aspects in construction process and the necessity for market participants and industry development to consider them.


In this work we propose a flexible symmetric configuration for the separable fractional FT composed by three generalized lenses. The distances between the lenses are fixed. The fractional angles are acieved by means of lens rotations.


River Drainage Basin and Sao Paulo State Southern Coast (UGRHI-11), presents advances in the management of solid waste, but there are still municipalities deprived of adequate landfills. Thus, the objective of this work was to indicate possible suitable areas for construction of landfills for municipal solid waste in UGRHI-11, utilizing the geoprocessing techniques, Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) and Ordered Weighted Average (OWA) of IDRISI Andes system (version 15.01), for the multi-criteria analyses. WLC was used to combine slope, geology, soils, vegetation cover, environmental protection areas, road network, river system and urban areas maps, resulting in a map indicating areas of slow, regular and high suitability for deployment of landfill. In the second step, the OWA was applied to restrict the search, introducing the ordering of weights in the analyses. The Network Analyst extension of the ArcGIS system (version 9.2) was use to do a logistics study in areas usable for more than one municipality considering the distances for the sources, roads and areas size. Fields trips were conducted to validate the results. In all municipalities were located suitable areas for landfills and some can support more than one municipality.


The paper presents an innovative cooling system for electric machines. The proposed cooling system is a indirect cooling designed for a tooth coil wound machine. The cooling system is composed by additional devices designed to be easy installed in the stator slots, and to host the power electronics with the aim to allow an integrated solution. The material of the cooling devices plays an important role. The requirements of the material are reported and an optimal material is proposed. The effect on the thermal paths is studied through equivalent electric circuit model. The concept is then applied to a particular drive solution, the triple-3-phase solution designed for a traction application. The proposed concept is verified by multi-physics finite elements analysis. Simulation results are reported in order to underline the performances of the proposed cooling system.


This study examines the role of managerial discretion in facilitating strategic change under a configurational perspective. Based on the resource-based view, we argue that the ability for strategic...


The production of motion-picture special effects can be a costly and time-consuming step in the production of motion-picture films. Although several electronic video systems have been proposed and demonstrated for use in special-effects generation, these lower-resolution video systems, including HDTV, do not operate transparently between film input and film output. They introduce a number of disturbing image artifacts to the final film element. This article defines the system requirements for a high-resolution digital image manipulation system that can be used to produce high-quality motion-picture special effects.


The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of uncertain parameters on PMV simulation runs. The uncertain parameters were chosen from the literature and the uncertainty propagation is introduced to treat the parameters which are not deterministic but stochastic. The Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) method, one of the Monte Carlo techniques, was selected for uncertainty propagation and die EnergyPlus was selected as an analysis simulation tool for the thermal comfort analysis. All of the precesses was automated in the Matlab platform. In the paper, tile impact of uncertainty on thermal comfort assessment in simulation are addressed.


Silicones [polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) polymers] are environmentally safe, nonflammable, weather resistant, thermally stable, low T{sub g} materials which are attractive for general elastomer applications because of their safety and their performance over a wide temperature range. However, PDMS is inherently weak due to its low glass transition temperature (T{sub g}) and lack of stress crystallization. The major goal of this project was to create a family of reinforced elastomers based on silsesquioxane/PDMS networks. Polydimethylsiloxane-based (PDMS) composite materials containing a variety of alkylene-arylene-bridged polysilsesquioxanes were synthesized in order to probe short chain and linkage effects in bimodal polymer networks. Monte Carlo simulations on the alkylene-bridged silsesquioxane/PDMS system predicted that the introduction of the silsesquioxane short chains into the long chain PDMS network would have a significant reinforcing effect on the elastomer. The silsesquioxane-PDMS networks were synthesized and evaluated. Analysis of the mechanical properties of the resulting materials indicated that use of the appropriate silisesquioxane generated materials with greatly enhanced properties. Arylene and activated alkylene systems resulted in materials that showed superior adhesive strength for metal-to-metal adhesion.


This paper centers on the fact that ecosystem construction cannot be ignored in carrying out The Breakthrough of Liaoning Provincial Northwest strategy.Combining the analysis of the theory with the reality,this paper discusses the reference of philosophy and the basis of reality on ecological construction in The Breakthrough of Liaoning Provincial Northwest strategy.And this paper indicates an idea that depending on the ecological ethics is realistically meaningful for ecological construction and protection.It will bring more far-reaching significance in both reality and theory to people in realizing and understanding the mutual dependence between the eco-environment and economic development.


7057 Background: MF is a life-threatening MPN for which RUX is the only approved treatment (Tx) option. Patients (pts) who are relapsed/refractory (R/R) or intolerant to RUX have a particularly high unmet medical need. FEDR is an oral selective JAK2 inhibitor active against wt and mut JAK2. The JAKARTA-2 study demonstrated ≥35% spleen volume responses (SVR) in pts resistant or intolerant to RUX per investigator assessment. This JAKARTA-2 reanalysis employs a more stringent definition of RUX failure than used in the previous analysis. Methods: Adult pts previously treated with RUX with intermediate or high-risk primary, post-PV, or post-ET MF, palpable splenomegaly, ECOG PS ≤2, and platelet counts ≥50 × 109/L received FEDR 400 mg QD in continuous 28-day cycles. The primary endpoint was spleen volume response rate (SVRR): ≥35% SVR from baseline (BL) at cycle 6 end per blinded central review of MRI/CT scans. A key secondary endpoint was symptom RR (≥50% decrease in total symptom score from BL). Results: 79/97 enrolled pts (81%) met the more stringent criteria for RUX R/R (n=65, 82%) or intolerance (n=14, 18%). Median BL spleen volume was 2946 mL (~14× normal). Median prior RUX Tx duration was 11.5 mo (range 1.0–62.4). Median number of FEDR Tx cycles was 7 (1–20). SVRR with FEDR was 30% (95% CI 21, 42). KM estimated median spleen response duration was not estimable (95% CI 7.2 mo, NE). Symptom RR was 27%. Safety was consistent with prior reports. Conclusions: FEDR provided clinically meaningful reductions in splenomegaly and symptom burden in pts with MF who met more stringent criteria for R/R or intolerance to RUX. Clinical trial information: NCT01523171. [Table: see text]


With the development of computer technology and network technology,a number of unattended or less duty monitoring systems have emerged.It is a trend to develop monitoring software with web service.As we all know,distribution system is complex and its production situation always changes rapidly.So in order to solve the problems of real-time data transmission and real-time data show,this paper presents a real-time monitoring system configuration software base on browser/client model and its principle,develops dynamic colored highly analysis software with auto node numbering technology,builds a figure element model base on SVG,finishes to study and development of the real-time monitoring system configuration software platform.


The reading of names and addresses is one of the most complex tasks in automated forms processing. The paper describes an integrated real time system to read names and addresses on tax forms of the Internal Revenue Service of the United States. The Name and Address Block Reader (NABR) system accepts both machine printed and hand printed address block images as input. The application software has two major steps: document analysis (connected component analysis, address block extraction, label detection, hand print/machine print discrimination); and document recognition. Document recognition has two non identical streams for machine print and hand print; key steps are: address parsing, character recognition, word recognition and postal database lookup (ZIP+4 and City-State-ZIP files). Real time throughput (8,500 forms per hour) is achieved by employing a loosely coupled multiprocessing architecture. The functional architecture, software design, system architecture and hardware implementation are described. Performance evaluation on machine printed and handwritten addresses are presented.


Abstract Sr1-2xKxNdxBi4Ti4O15 (x = 0.0 and 0.1) ceramics are synthesized by solid-state sintering method. The phase formation confirmation and structural parameters are obtained from X-ray diffraction analysis. The effect of potassium and Neodymium substitution on microstructure, dielectric and piezoelectric properties of ceramics are investigated. The Curie temperature is found to be decreased and the piezoelectric coefficient (d33), electromechanical coupling factor (kp) are found to be increased.


By using the methods of questionnaire,interview,documents and mathematical statistics,this article studies the prosperity,development,characteristics and problem of mass volleyball activity in Guangzhou city,put forwards some suggestions for our mass volleyball development.


Targeted at high-speed ejection scan-force test detection bench,builds the hardware system based on the CONTEC DAQ card and uses VC++ for software design tools,high speed and precision of single-multiple-channel real-time sampling is achieved.It is proposed that a high-speed multi-channel sample collection software strategy and a new solution of dynamic weighing automatic detection for the future.


Replicative senescence of cells is associated with reproducible DNA methylation (DNAm) changes at specific sites in the genome. We have identified CG dinucleotides (CpGs) that become continuously hyper- or hypomethylated upon culture expansion of mesenchymal stem cells and other cell types. During reprogramming into induced pluripotent stem cells, senescence-associated DNAm is reversed simultaneously with pluripotency-associated DNAm changes. Bisulfite barcoded amplicon sequencing (BBA-seq) demonstrated that upon passaging the DNAm patterns of neighboring CpGs become more complex without evidence of continuous pattern development. Notably, BBA-seq of hairpin-linked DNA molecules demonstrated that many CpG dyads are methylated only on the forward or the reverse strand. This hemimethylation was conserved over many passages. 4C analysis of senescence-associated CpGs revealed reproducible interaction changes during senescence without evidence for preferential interaction between senescence-associated CpGs. These results indicate that senescence-associated DNAm is not regulated in a targeted manner but rather caused by higher order chromatin conformation states.


As Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI) circuits continue to shrink in size and increase in complexity, device design is increasingly power constrained. Currently, engineers must design their chips and then perform lengthy simulations in order to generate accurate power estimates. Once power predictions are known, engineers decide if their designs are sufficiently energy efficient, and if not, make necessary changes. This presents a strong motivation to develop methods for early design power and energy estimates. Early energy predictions will need to be accurate enough, e.g., within 10% of simulation-based approaches, if they are to be useful. The general approach of this thesis to solving this problem was inspired by Metabolic Scaling Theory, which has been used for predicting behavioral characteristics in biological organisms, based on simple characteristics that are easily measured. This thesis is an initial step in the development of a similar predictive method for evaluating dynamic power in VLSI devices founded on a belief that wire properties can form the basis for accurate predictions. The analysis of several microprocessors or designs over two technology nodes validates this belief. i tly t,


The invention relates to a method for geo-referencing an area using an optronic imaging system (100), including a step comprising the acquisition of M successive images using a detector (1), the imaged area being distributed between said M images, with M >= 1. The invention also comprises the following steps: measurement of P distances, d1, d2,..., dP, between the system and P points of the area, known as telemetered points, with P >= 3, said telemetered points being distributed in K of said images with 1 =< K <= M; acquisition of the positioning, xm, ym, zm,of the detector on the dates of acquisition of the M images; measurement of the attitude, [phi]m, [theta]m, [psi]m, of the detector on the dates of acquisition of the M images; acquisition of the co-ordinates in said K images of the so-called image points, (p1, q1), (p2, q2),..., (pP, qP), corresponding to the P telemetered points; and a step comprising an estimation of the capture condition parameters, xe, ye, ze, [phi]e, [theta]e, [psi]e, corresponding to the M images as a function of the positions, attitudes, distances and co-ordinates of the image points, in order to correct the errors in the parameters, xm, ym, zm, [phi]m, [theta]m, [psi]m, of each of the M images.


1.1 Target of the Concept of the Research These days motivation has come to be familiar in Japan. Its use ranges from the field of sports and business to the field of learning. Motivation is a necessary condition for every activity and people naturally seem to have motivation to learn new things and experience a new world. Many researchers have concluded that cooperative learning is an effective way of improving motivation. In this study the relationship between cooperative learning and motivation will be discussed in regards to language learning. First I will introduce previous research. Next I will describe my experiences in two courses of language learning. One is Filipino learning and the other is English learning. Both are carried out with the methods of cooperative learning. Analyzing these experiences I will discuss whether cooperative learning can improve motivation for language learning.


It is clear from the number of reports in the literature that an intramural hematoma of the intestine can no longer be considered rare.' If the lesion is suspected, it is extremely difficult to make a definite diagnosis of small bowel hematoma solely on the basis of an upper gastrointestinal series.' Real-time B-mode ultrasound is very useful both for identifying a suspected hematoma following trauma in the abdomen and for monitoring change in its size.3 Computed tomography (CT) scans also help, but they are more expensive and inconvenient. Recognition of intestinal hematoma in childhood is important because of its bearing on treatment and prognosis.


: Extracting natural compounds from mangroves is common practise, with many of these compounds finding applications in traditional medicine and the pharmaceutical industry. The plant Avicennia marina (Forssk.) has been used for centuries in conventional and alternative medicine. A. marina is a member of the family Acanthaceae, which consists of evergreen trees. The Indo-West Pacific is home to more of this species of mangrove than any other tropical or subtropical region on Earth. Recent research supports the use of A. marina for its medicinal effects. The plant's pharmacological effects are attributed to the presence of a wide variety of phytochemical classes. An initial phytochemical screen of A. marina's ethyl acetate leaf extract revealed the presence of alkaloid, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, steroids, terpenoids, tannins, and anthraquinones, but no protein or saponins. Treatment for 48 h at 800 ppm resulted in 93.567% antioxidant activity, and experimentation over 24 h at the same concentration yielded a rate of 93.234% antioxidant activity. The 48 h experiment with the lowest antioxidant treatment recorded a value of 14.267%. The A. marina tree may live for hundreds of years and thrive in a wide range of climates. It includes a collection of promising phytochemicals that, after further investigation, may be exploited in the development of new medicines. Scientists need to invest time and resources into researching these renewable and natural medication sources and developing therapeutic formulations in order to address today's difficult-to-treat health concerns and combat the drug-resistant era.


Abstract The behaviour of a fluid mixture near a structureless hard wall is investigated. Following earlier work [D. Henderson, F. F. Abraham and J. A. Barker, Molec. Phys. 31, 1291 (1976)] we consider the limiting case of a fluid mixture in which one of the species, representing the wall, is dilute and infinitely large. In this limit the Ornstein-Zernike equations yield the density distributions of each of the components with respect to the hard wall. The specific case of a mixture of hard spheres in contact with a hard wall is treated within the Percus-Yevick approximation and explicit results are obtained for a binary mixture. In addition to the density distributions simple expressions are obtained for the integrated densities. The density fluctuations in the fluid near the wall are small and short ranged for the hard sphere fluid. The effects of tails to the interatomic potentials outside the hard spheres can be incorporated approximately and could lead to much larger fluctuations in the densities.


Very accurate values of the starspots cycle length and of the rotational photometric period have been determined for a sample of five among the most extensively observed young solar-type stars: BE Cet, κ Cet, π UMa, DX Leo and EK Dra. The analysis of extended time-series of wide-band photometric observations have shown the existence of periodic or multiperiodic variations of the seasonal mean brightness level (starspots cycles) and periodic variations of the photometric period. The latter resulted to be correlated to the starspots cycle phase. For a few stars (BE Cet, π UMa, EK Dra) we see that the rotation period tends to decrease steadily during the course of each cycle, jumping back at a higher value at the beginning of a new cycle. This is indeed reminiscent of the sunspot cyclic behaviour, where the latitude of spot formation moves toward the equator, i.e., toward progressively faster rotating latitudes along an activity cycle, thus producing a decrease in the photometric period. However, the remaining stars of the sample (κ Cet, DX Leo) show an anti-solar pattern, where the rotation period tends to increase steadily during the course of each cycle, jumping back at a lower value at the beginning of a new cycle. The newly determined cycle length values, the lower limit of the surface differential rotation amplitude ( ∂Ω ∂φ ) and the clear evidence of the existence of such opposite patterns represent important observational constraints to the current models of generation and evolution of the stellar magnetic activity. P ro ce ed in gs o f 1 2 th C a m br id ge W o rk sh o p o n C oo l S ta rs , S te ll a r S y st em s, & T h e S u n , 2 0 0 3 U n iv er si ty o f C o lo ra d o .


Businesses acting within the four corners of the law were vulnerable to massive financial assaults, with the law enabling the advance, and where our courts served as the field. Under the former notice pleading standard for antitrust conspiracy claims, legitimate parallel business conduct could provoke litigation because plaintiffs were allowed to use the costly process of discovery to poke around for evidence to support an inference of conspiracy. Antitrust defendants had routinely argued that a heightened pleading standard is necessary to shield legitimate businesses from undue financial burdens. Recently, the Supreme Court has addressed the concerns of businesses, and held that some factual specificity is required to state an antitrust conspiracy claim. However, this solution ignores the needs of the private plaintiff, and severely limits their ability to obtain the necessary evidence to prove conspiracy. Because private enforcement is now impaired, harmful conspiracy may become grossly under-deterred, with the consumer becoming the injured party. This article advocates for a middle ground to be struck between the interests of plaintiffs and defendants. Specifically, this article suggests an amendment to Rule 8(a), that will force plaintiffs to internalize the risk of the defendant's potential discovery costs before deciding to bring suit. Hence, when mere parallel conduct is observed, it will no longer be a no brainer decision for parties to bring a conspiracy claim. This amendment will lessen the burden on defendants, and will still allow plaintiffs the opportunity of discovery to substantiate their allegations.


This paper deals with the design and optimization of cryogenic perforated plate matrix heat exchanger. Design and optimization represent the specification of the system/component structure, size, and performance, as well as other characteristics important for manufacturing and utilization. In gas-flow heat exchangers the friction-power limitations generally force the designer to arrange for moderately low mass velocities. Low mass velocities, together with the low thermal conductivities of gases (low relatives to most liquids), results in low heat transfer rates per unit of surface area. The large amount of surface area becomes a typical characteristic of gas-flow heat exchangers. Gas-to-gas heat exchangers may require up to 10 times the surface area of liquid-to-liquid heat exchangers. These led to the development of heat transfer surfaces for gas-flow applications in which the surface area density is large. Such surfaces referred to as compact heat transfer surfaces and compactness itself leads to high performance. Cryogenic heat exchangers are works at temperature 123K (-150℃) or below it and used for separation, purification, liquefaction, refrigeration systems, working with different cryogenic gases like helium, hydrogen, neon, nitrogen, oxygen etc. As normal boiling point of liquid hydrogen is 20.3 K. So, highly effective and very highly compact heat exchangers are necessary for producing liquid hydrogen. The necessity of high effectiveness in a small volume has led to the development of perforated plate matrix heat exchangers (MHE) for cryogenic applications. By the proper optimization of various geometrical parameters of perforated plate matrix heat exchanger, we can get desired optimum size and desired performance of heat exchanger.


The article displays a scheme for the analysis of the graduation. This scheme is the result of an investigation of the graduation of the students of the Masters in Pedagogy of the UNAM, in the 2003.The theoretical sustenance comes from two sources: Arredondo y Sánchez Puentes (2000 and 2004), that affirms that the graduation is a formation process that it initiates with the incorporation to the program and culminates with the obtaining of the degree; and of Bourdieu that helps to understand the factors that affect integration through concepts like field, cultural capital and habitus. The referring empiricist comes from interviews to students, withdrawn, graduated, tutorial and employees of the program. The article emphasizes the form in that the cultural capital and of habitus affect the formation and prevent the graduation, and exposes some of the overlapped mechanisms of exclusion in the formation processes.


Aims: This study was designed to assess the effectiveness of herbal mixture extracts of pumpkin seed oil, peanuts shell and Orlistat on renal function and oxidative stress biomarkers in male albino rats administrated high fat diet ( HFD).


We observed spontaneous emissions from a single quantum dot to read out a final state of an exciton qubit. To capture weak emissions from quantum dots, the reflection of an excitation laser were reduced by applying obliquely incident geometry and crossed polarization configuration. Rabi oscillations were observed in the emissions.


A composition comprising a solution of PDGF and a biocompatible matrix, wherein the solution is disposed in the biocompatible matrix for use in attaching a tendon to bone, or treatment of a damaged or injured tendon wherein the biocompatible matrix comprises: (a) a scaffold material comprising a collagen patch or pad; or (b) a scaffold material and a biocompatible binder comprising collagen; and wherein the solution has a concentration of PDGF PDGF 0.1 mg / ml to 1.0 mg / ml.


Hurting the virus by targeting the host Many host proteins play a role in the life cycle of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and some are required for viral replication and translation. There are efforts toward finding drugs that target viral proteins, but a complementary approach is to target these required host proteins. White et al. explored the antiviral activity of the cyclic depsipeptide drug plitidepsin, which targets the hosts cell's translational machinery (see the Perspective by Wong and Damania). The authors show that in cells, the drug is substantially more potent than remdesivir against SARS-CoV-2, with limited cellular toxicity. Prophylactic treatment protected mice against SARS-CoV-2 infection, so further investigation of plitidepsin as a therapeutic is warranted. Science, this issue p. 926; see also p. 884 Plitidepsin is a host-targeted antiviral against SARS-CoV-2, with potent efficacy both in vitro and in mouse models. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral proteins interact with the eukaryotic translation machinery, and inhibitors of translation have potent antiviral effects. We found that the drug plitidepsin (aplidin), which has limited clinical approval, possesses antiviral activity (90% inhibitory concentration = 0.88 nM) that is more potent than remdesivir against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro by a factor of 27.5, with limited toxicity in cell culture. Through the use of a drug-resistant mutant, we show that the antiviral activity of plitidepsin against SARS-CoV-2 is mediated through inhibition of the known target eEF1A (eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1A). We demonstrate the in vivo efficacy of plitidepsin treatment in two mouse models of SARS-CoV-2 infection with a reduction of viral replication in the lungs by two orders of magnitude using prophylactic treatment. Our results indicate that plitidepsin is a promising therapeutic candidate for COVID-19.


Epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by immune dysregulation resulting in disseminated infection by human papillomavirus (HPV) and cutaneous malignancies. Associated mental retardation has been reported in a few patients. We report a unique case of a 10-year old boy with pityriasis versicolor-like and plane wart-like lesions. The skin lesions were associated with mental retardation, sixth cranial nerve palsy, pes planus, and spina bifida. The case is reported to highlight a possible predisposition of patients with EV to certain neurological and skeletal defects.


In applications of intrusion detection and stateful filtering,conflict discovery and resolution are key issues affecting security and QoS.The classification of rule relations is described.Based on the classification,a new firewall conflict discovery algorithm is proposed,which provides automatic revelation of firewall filtering rule conflicts and potential problems,and provides conflict-free insertion,removal and modification of rules.This algorithm is implemented in a tool,which significantly simplifies the management of firewall policy and eliminates rule conflicts.


The article studies the issue of integrating the young generations of the Republic of Bashkortostan into the modern society. From the methodological point of view the study is based on the Strauss–Howe generational theory according to which the changing social and historical conditions ensure the development of a specific background. The study based on the results of a representative survey of the population of the Republic of Bashkortostan and a series of in-depth interviews with the representatives of two generations shows the dynamics of the values of generation Y born at the turn of the Soviet and post-Soviet eras, and generation X, which is the generation of their parents socializing in Soviet times. The study made it possible to analyze values from generation to generation, their transformation depending on external conditions of social environment. In general, a trend has been revealed for the development of more independent type of personality, more inclined to innovative solutions and pro-active and focused on their own strength compared to previous generations. The following peculiarities of behavior in different fields and aspects of life are considered: reproductive attitudes and family values, migratory attitudes, income level and material well-being, labor behavior and employment. The article confirms the research hypothesis that in a relatively short time, norms of society, the nature of relationships in the family and society have undergone rapid and significant changes. However, at the same time, it can be concluded that the reproduction of traditional models and the basic value core continues.


Boundary value problems of second-order singular differential equations with nonlinear operator Φ on whole lines are discussed. By applying the nonlinear alternative of Leray–Schauder-type fixed point theorem, some existence results of solutions for integral boundary value problems of differential equations on whole lines are established. The emphasis is put on the nonlinear operator [Φ(ρ(t)x′(t))]′ involved with the nonnegative function ρ that may satisfy ρ(0) = 0, the strictly increasing sup-multiplicative-like function Φ and the differential equations are defined on the whole line. Three examples and a remark are presented to illustrate the main theorems.


Organizations, as a complex systems, in the structure of their subsystems have the human or social subsystem. It is a subsystem that has a significant influence on the functioning of the organization and its competitiveness. The quality of the social organizational subsystem is determined by the quality of the different variables that the subsystem includes. Job satisfaction is one of these variables. It is a variable that can have an adequate impact on the effectiveness and efficiency of the organization, as well as on its performance. The aim of the authors of this paper is to point out the nature, the significance, causes and consequences of job satisfaction, as well as the role of managers in raising the level of these organizational variables. Key w ords :  job satisfaction, staff, management, organization


The paper analyzes possibilities and features of the criminalistic knowledge application in the examination of cases on administrative offenses in the environmental field. To provide an expert with materials it is necessary to obtain samples and specimens. It does not do without the knowledge of tactical features of their selection. The article points to the need to involve a specialist to the sampling procedure and consulting. In the majority of administrative cases before determining an expertise it is tactically correct to consult a specialist about the possibilities of the expert institution, type of examination, its timing and terms.


The one-dimensional (1D) mathematical model of fixed bed reactor was developed for dimethyl ether (DME) synthesis at pilot-scale (capacity: 25–28 Nm3/h of syngas). The reaction rate, heat, and mass transfer equations were correlated with the effectiveness factor. The simulation results, including the temperature profile, CO conversion, DME selectivity, and DME yield of the outlet, were validated with experimental data. The average error ratios were below 9.3%, 8.1%, 7.8%, and 3.5% for the temperature of the reactor, CO conversion, DME selectivity, and DME yield, respectively. The sensitivity analysis of flow rate, feed pressure, H2:CO ratio, and CO2 mole fraction was investigated to demonstrate the applicability of this model.


Abstract The steady-state, nearly sinusoidal behavior of the components in a free-piston Stirling engine allowsfor visualization of the forces in the system using phasor diagrams. Based on Newton's second law,F =ma, any phasor diagrams modeling a given component in a system should close if all of the acting forceshave been considered. Since the Advanced Stirling Radioisotope Generator (ASRG), currently beingdeveloped for future NASA deep space missions, is made up of such nearly sinusoidally oscillatingcomponents, its phasor diagrams would also be expected to close. A graphical user interface (GUI) hasbeen written in MATLAB (MathWorks), which takes user input data, passes it to Sage (GedeonAssociates), a one-dimensional thermodynamic modeling program used to model the Stirling convertor,runs Sage, and then automatically plots the phasor diagrams. Using this software tool, the effect ofvarying different Sage inputs on the phasor diagrams was determined. The parameters varied were pistonamplitude, hot-end temperature, cold-end temperature, operating frequency, and displacer spring constant.These phasor diagrams offer useful insight into convertor operation and performance.


Purpose: The paper aims at assessing the level of voluntary disclosure of intellectual capital in the main companies listed on the Italian Stock Exchange. Information on intangible assets provided by companies is very important for investors due to the recent advent of the knowledge economy. In particular, in this paper, it is analysed the effect that certain determinants (leverage, firm size, auditor and ownership concentration) could have on voluntary disclosures of intellectual capital information by the Italian companies observed. In order to do this, 186 annual reports of Italian listed companies for the year 2010 were analysed. Design/methodology/approach: To assess the extent of voluntary disclosure of intellectual capital an index is created to measure it and it is used in an OLS model, as dependent variable, to understand the relationship between the above mentioned determinants and intellectual capital disclosure. In order to do this, 186 annual reports were analysed and about 6,000 items of information on their intellectual capital elements were collected. Findings: Relational capital information is the most disclosed item and size affecting positively the total amount of intellectual capital disclosure. Originality/value: The paper contributes in improving knowledge about intellectual capital disclosure analysing a wide sample of Italian listed companies and assessing intellectual capital disclosure determinants.


The paper seeks to compare and contrast the roles of green space within modern and postmodern urbanism. Modernism rejected enclosure in favour of an open space vision inspired by eighteenth-century picturesque landscape design. Its paradigm of an unbounded public realm was diffused and regularised during the second half of the twentieth century through housing and highways development, open space policies and regulatory practices. As the stock of green space increased, so did concerns about its environmental and social utility. Towards the end of the century there appeared an alternative vision of urban open space. Instead of openness it sought enclosure, and instead of a passive pictorial quality it aimed at the active provision of ecosystem services to the built environment. This article describes this rethinking of town greenery, looks for its underlying social and environmental rationale, and assesses its place within a wider planning theory of postmodern urbanism.


Hentschel, U., Smith, G., Draguns, J. G., & Ehlers, W. (Eds.). (2004). Defense Mechanisms: Theoretical, Research and Clinical Perspectives (Advances in Psychology Monograph No. 136). Amsterdam: Elsevier (646 pp.). This is a difficult book filled with a distinguished cast of (mostly European) contributors whose bibliography is saturated with references from another side of the globe, thereby challenging the American reader's myopia. Coverage includes basic concepts and issues, diverse rating and measurement techniques, clinical research, somatization, and neuropsychology. There is room in this ark (preserving the defense mechanism concept from a flood of critics hostile or indifferent to psychoanalysis) for the Rorschach, questionnaires and rating scales, Silverman's subliminal psychodynamic paradigms, and PET scanners. Freud once quipped that people may disagree with his theories, but they will dream about them at night. In this instance, it cannot be denied or suppressed: Everybody uses defense mechanisms for adaptation and coping. This book speaks to the choir and ignorant blasphemers. (CAP)


An activity space is an information space with a task-specific information structure and task-specific operations defined on the structure. The purpose of an activity space is to support people to perform their tasks in a structured way. As tasks can be decomposed into more concrete tasks which are often dependent on one another, activity spaces need also to be decomposable into subactivity spaces that may be dependent on one another in various ways. This paper from a logical point of view explores strategies for decomposing and connecting activity spaces in meaningful ways. To support the logical view, a technical framework for connecting activity space is outlined, which consists of four methodologies: linking, transformation, integration, and sharing. Examples are given to demonstrate how activity spaces are connected through each of the methodologies or a combination of these methodologies.


The Nong Nooch Tropical Botanical Garden in Thailand was briefly introduced from plantscape,and thought with five main features: abundant plant species;beautiful garden scenery;especial landscape design;enough finance supporting garden building;elaborate care and management.


The influence of culture on all life aspects (economic, political, social and spiritual ones) is particularly actual in the conditions of global transformation of society. At crucial moments in history, when it is important to keep the moral of society, the role of culture especially increases as an indicator of a nation's prosperity. The culture has the property of uniting people who are dissimilar in consciousness and behavior. It initiates the process of reflection and assimilation of values, it also regularizes and organizes social communities. The culture creates the framework for cooperation in the contents of the individual activities. Most of the writers are definably in their opinions that the corporative culture is a level of culture (other levels are national culture and team culture) [Hofstede, 2010]. It was founded that seventy two percent of corporate leaders admitted the importance of the corporate culture but only twenty five percent identified an effective it for their organization [Eaton, Kilby, 2015, p. 4–7]. Current information era is characterized by the new priority in the culture which focuses on the personality, its self-expression and social partnership between organizations and the public. Adoption of human resources as a leading factor of effective activity forms the new concept that focuses on the needs and interests of employees, their registration and implementation in the life of the organization. Within the framework of the organization culture manifests itself and functions as a corporate culture. It is rather difficult to give a clear definition of the corporate culture. Most often the corporate culture is understood as the ideology or philosophy of the organization, its values, subordination rules, schedule of work and rest. The cor-


Abstract : Complexity-Adaptive Processing (CAP) addresses increasing microprocessor power dissipation through on-the-fly, low-cost hardware adaptation and related circuit techniques so as to better match hardware complexity and speed to application demands. Specific results include adaptive processing elements and hardware/software control techniques, a Multiple Clock Domain processor that saves energy via fine-grain voltage scaling, power-efficient issue queue and register file techniques, a low-leakage dynamic logic circuit and associated control logic for functional units, multi-threaded power and noise reduction, efficient on-chip dc-dc conversion and clock control circuits, low power domino logic and interface circuits, and interconnect width optimization for low power. Overall, a several-fold reduction in power is demonstrated via the collective application of these various techniques.


seemed to have abstained from usurious practices, their power aroused a great deal of hostility and greed. The fall of Akko in 1291 removed much of the justification for the Templars' existence. By this time they were not as fervent in their observances as before, displaying the same internal weaknesses which could be found in other religious orders. But while their suppression is often ascribed to the need of Philip IV and his advisors for money, there were possibly other reasons—like anonymous denunciations and the French bishops' subservience to the monarch since the days of Saint Louis IX. Still, their suppression was not the result of a judicial sentence, but of the charge that they endangered Christian life and souls. The author presents his facts in a masterly fashion, with no less than 1073 footnotes. He surely knows that the bibliography could still be expanded, and since not many Templar sources have been translated into English, translation of more sources would be a great help. The history of the Templars, as presented in this volume, is critical to any study of the Crusades and other contemporary events. The Templars tended to be reticent about their actions, and their archives have been destroyed; but it would still be worthwhile to explore their hidden or announced purposes and their impact on European history.


Introduction: The article analyzes how the disinformation process, through the fake news, can influence the informational behavior of voters/residents of the East Zone of the city of Manaus/Amazonas, in the decision of the vote for the municipal elections of 2020, thus, it sought to present the disinformation process as a product of political, social, communicational and cultural influence, in addition to investigate the behavioral profile of voters from the phenomena of influence of the spread of fake news disseminated in digital media and observe the behavioral relationships established in these processes. Method: The method of theoretical-methodological analysis was based on the Theory of Political Action, whose application of the study occurred from the collection of data through the remote questionnaire and interview in Google Forms, made available and managed in WhatsApp groups. Results: The results showed that the behavioral aspect of voters, both in the informational field and within the politics and social context portrayed in the research, presented itself as quite heterogeneous, being then observed that there is a predilection of voters for the more traditional communication vehicles, such as TV and Radio, even if the consumption of information clearly originates from news broadcast in social media and instant messaging groups. Conclusion: It is considered that the decision to vote and the criteria for choosing candidates suffered direct influences of the type of informational content consumed by voters, regardless of the type of media (traditional or alternative), and it can be inferred that their informational behavior tends to be dictated by false news or low-quality information.


Illness and writing are inextricably linked in Voltaire's works, particularly in his correspondence. The relationship between Voltaire's illness and his erotic desire has been the least explored of these links and is the most intriguing. Voltaire uses illness as a trope for his illicit passion for his niece, and physical suffering replaces physical desire as a means of writing about the body. Voltaire's obsession with his illness is closely connected with eighteenth-century notions of sympathy, which used the ability to sympathize with the pains and pleasures of others as a gauge of moral sentiments.


Discussion about information and communication technologies in education are often conducted at a general level. To increase understanding about new technologies and learning it is necessary to be more specific about what kinds of tools are being used and how they are related to knowledge construction by students within specific subject domains. Three Norwegian cases studies are reported so that different school cultures on how the learning environments are implemented are exposed. One important conclusion from the cross-case analysis is the diversity among cases. What is the added value or changes that these technologies represent? Within a Norwegian context the paper shows how technology contributes to the design of new learning environments and how it might stimulate knowledge construction among students.


Some of our museum collection musical
 instruments belong to the strings instrument family and are made of wood. The aim of
 this study is to measure the viscoelasticity properties of wood under a strain field in
 the audio frequency range knowing that viscoelasticity seems to be deeply involved in
 the quality of sound and structure stability. We want to evaluate the effect on the
 viscoelasticity of the freezing and the microwave using for wood pest control.


Nephrologists are apt to look upon urologists as mere plumbers but in paediatric practice this is not so: the paediatric urologist's task embraces not only the delicate reconstruction of urinary tracts and their outflows but also the broader processes of helping a child with a malformation to grow up confident and continent. With the flourishing of paediatric urology over the past twenty years in the UK we have seen just why children are better served by urologists specializing in their age group than by those who treat them as small incontinent adults. In Bristol the paediatric urologists contribute vitally to the holistic teamwork required when dealing with renal tract disorders of childhood.

Essentials of Paediatric Urology is beautifully produced, with plenty of photographs, X-rays and other images. The text is well laid out, clear to read and amply indexed, though references are confined to 'further reading': in the section of urinary tract infection (UTI) there are just four, none more recent than 1997. I sympathize with anyone who writes on this subject: children with UTI only rarely have an underlying urinary tract or renal abnormality, so guidelines on when to investigate invasively tend to be a hotchpotch of 'on the one hand... on the other hand'. This is true of the advice here on how to proceed when a child with UTI has a normal ultrasound (as most will): it is diffuse. I was intrigued to notice in this book that, although renal transplantation is mentioned several times as an aside, it is not included as an 'essential': presumably the paediatric surgeons prefer to delegate it to transplant surgeons. More happily, I was impressed by the chapters on renal physiology and renal failure and was encouraged to see adolescent or 'transitional' practice included in the paediatric urological repertoire. So often, adolescents with long-term medical or surgical conditions, after attending scrupulously for years, are lost to follow-up—or, after being seen in an adult clinic a couple of times, vote with their feet. The contribution on incontinence is excellent and acknowledges the body-and-mind approach needed by these youngsters.

Within its own terms, this book is a palpable hit. However, I wish it had given more attention to the human context. Normal willies and minnies, and normal micturition, are of vast importance in the lives and personal development of children and young people. Paediatric urologists, through their practical skills, can rescue a boy from the miseries of peeing sitting down, a girl from the physical difficulties of sexual relationships and both sexes from incontinence. These contextual aspects are touched on, but any implication that the work is 'essentially' technical could undermine a key element—the personal contribution made by an interested and committed surgeon.


The problem of nonlinear platoon control with sensor failure is studied in this paper. First, a vehicular platoon model involving sensor failure and nonlinearity is established, in which the nonlinear platoon is divided to a linearized model in addition to a nonlinear term. Then, based on the nonlinear model, a switching controller design method is proposed by using a discrete Lyapunov function and then the sufficient state feedback control law is achieved. It is shown that the obtained control scheme can achieve asymptotical stable. Simulations are given to show the efficiency of the proposed methods.


This paper introduces the characteristics of the construction project management,the essence of people-oriented management thought as well as the relationship between the two,and presents the concrete measures for setting up people-oriented harmony management in the construction project management,in order to increase credit standing of construction enterprise and make the enterprise remain invincible in fierce competition.


In some tropical countries, cases of dengue fever are still quite high, one of them is in Indonesia. Information about the status of the high and low number of cases of an area is important, so that it can be known by the public correctly and accurately. The information on the classification of the number of dengue cases also can be used to assist the government in preventing the spread of the number of cases from spreading, it is necessary to use an appropriate classification method, with fairly high accuracy. In this study, the classification method used is a combination of Naïve Bayes, K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) methods, with the hope that a predictive model for the classification of dengue fever can be built. The data used in this study is a dataset of the number of cases of the spread of dengue hemorrhagic fever in the city of Bandung in the period 2012-2018. The performance results obtained using the Naïve Bayes, K-Nearest Neighbor, Artificial Neural Network methods are 74%, 78%, 86%, respectively. To increase the accuracy of the classification results of the three methods, hybridization of the three methods is carried out. The results of the hybrid classifier with the voting method turned out to be able to increase accuracy, to 90%.


As sales of mobile devices grow and smartphones and tablets become for many the preferred way of interacting with the Internet, social media and the enterprise, organizations are striving to push content and functionality out to mobile users. However, mobile devices still do not have the computing power and battery life that will allow them to perform effectively. This keynote explores current and future options for mobile devices to leverage edge networks and servers to extend their computing power and battery life, along with the software engineering challenges and opportunities that this movement brings.


The only astronomical bodies, other than the earth itself, of which we have tactual knowledge, are fallen meteorites. What is a meteorite ? It is a mass of solid matter, smaller than a minor planet, either traveling through space as an unattached unit or still retaining its identity on the earth or on some other astronomical body onto which it has fallen ; while a meteor—popularly but erroneously called a "shooting" or "falling star"—is the luminous phenomenon that results from the plunging of a meteorite from space into the earth's atmosphere. any


impairs lysosomal degradation of α-synuclein and exacerbates neurotoxicity in a Drosophila model of Parkinson's disease. dysfunction and dementia in Parkinson's disease.


The extraction equilibrium mathematic models for gadolinium,terbium and dysprosium in HCl-1.5mol/L HEH(EHP)system covering a relatively wide range of lanthanide concentration and acidity,havebeen developed.There are four independent variables and nine parameters.The average relative error is4.56%.A computer program for the simulation of the counter current solvent extraetion process has also beenwritten.Thus,the Gd,Tb and Dy concentrations in both aqueous and organic phase in eaeh stage as well asthe aqueous acidity may be calculated.Product purities,distribution ratio and extraction factors may also beobtained thereby.The simulation results so obtained may serve as the referenee data for designing solvent ex-traction processes including those processes providing apart from the conventional outgoing organic stream,outgoing raffinate and an extra outgoing third exit stream either organic or aqueous.


This report identifies good practices in work-integrated learning (WIL) in Australia through a systematic review of current approaches in universities in Australia and elsewhere. The report draws on three sources of evidence: a review of contemporary Australian and international literature; an updated review of WIL projects funded by the Office for Learning and Teaching (OLT) since 2011; and case studies derived from practice around WIL implementation. The report focuses on answering the following questions: What is WIL? What evidence is there that WIL experiences have improved graduate employability? How are WIL programs organised? What are some examples of good practice? What are some of the issues around implementing WIL across a university? The report provides a synthesis of information around six themes: (1) WIL defined, models and benefits; (2) approaches to WIL; (3) curriculum matters; (4) student experience and managing diversity; (5) partnerships and stakeholder management; and (6) conclusions: characteristics of effective WIL and recommendations.


In order to increase the development efficiency of electronic control system of diesel engine,LabVIEW,one kind of program software with pictures,is adopted to develop the monitoring system.This system can carry on data acquisition in real-time and display graphically the operation variables of the engine.Moreover,it can adjust the control variables on-line and carry out graph processing off-line.The use of real-time communication makes engine matching easy.


It is shown that measurements of the 1H chemical shifts of amide N–H protons in chloroform and in DMSO solvents are sufficient to determine the extent of hydrogen bonding of the N–H protons in a variety of compounds containing the amide group. Two recent examples are presented from protein and structural chemistry.


2008 is a year in which the world's economical, financial and even political systems are going through unprecedented turmoil and earth-shaking transformations. Yet, it seems that nothing has changed in Science except that many scientists are sadly loosing there jobs and/or funding. Religion also seems to be stagnant with the exceptions that various hastened prophecies of 2012 are flourishing and charitable contributions are in drastic declines. Under these historical, uncertain, sad but hopeful circumstances, it is appropriate and even urgent that we further reflect on the state of Science and Religion. It is also appropriate that we reflect on the state of consciousness research because our state of consciousness is the catalyst for the transformation of humanity at the dawn of 2012 and the missing link on the pass to truth


Compare the commercial RTOS software package with free software, our choice of system design is primarily based on current application situations in China. The authors have some application experiences of LynxOS, VRTX, pSOS, VXWARK and also some free software, we hope our discussion will give some hints on which system to choose in future control system for the coming several accelerator projects in China. uC/OS and MCX11 is actually a free real-time kernel which has recently been applied in control systems of various areas. And we have found some use of it in accelerator control subsystem because of its exiguity, availability and transparency. The structure of a free RTOS kernel, some basic ideas of real-time system, together with application of the kernels into accelerator control subsystems, is described in the paper.


Oncogenic mutations affecting members of the RAS gene family (NRAS, KRAS, HRAS) have been recurrently described in many solid tumors and hematological malignancies including multiple myeloma in a variety of frequencies showing entity-dependent patterns of distribution [1]. In the context of multiple myeloma, there appear to be high and approximately equal rates (10–20%) of KRAS and NRAS mutations with a significant predominance over mutations affecting other members of the RAS gene family [2]. While RAS mutant myeloma cells are traditionally considered to be highly refractory to establish treatment approaches including reduced cytotoxicity of nitrogen mustard alkylating agent melphalan, recent in vitro assays revealed a dominant addiction of RAS mutants to an operational proteasome [3,4]. Moreover, no in vivo data on the association of RAS mutations with chemoresistance towards melphalan have been reported so far. A recently published randomized trial comparing chemotherapy plus lenalidomide with autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) followed by maintenance with lenalidomide-prednisone or lenalidomide alone in patients with newly diagnosed myeloma demonstrated significantly prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) in the transplant arm (60% vs 38% at 3 years), thus widely settling the question whether ASCT still has a role in myeloma treatment in the age of novel agents [5]. Novel agent-based (e.g. thalidomide, lenalidomide and bortezomib) combination therapies have emerged as the contemporary standard of care for induction therapy prior to ASCT in multiple myeloma; moreover, they represent viable options for treatment at relapse, maintenance therapy or in transplant ineligible patients [5–7]. Contemporary transplant trials involving novel agents for induction therapy revealed that responses could be deepened to the effect that the number of patients achieving complete response (CR) and very good partial response (VGPR) is increased between induction and the posttransplant consolidation [8]. Investigations pre-dating the introduction of novel agents reported especially KRAS mutations to be associated with unfavorable prognosis, whilst recent studies focusing on bortezomib-based treatment for relapsed and refractory myeloma identified NRAS rather then KRAS mutations to herald inferior response in refractory and relapsed multiple myeloma [2,9,10]. Pathogenetic, prognostic and therapeutic implications of RAS mutations in multiple myeloma constitute a widely unresolved matter and no profound consideration has been given to the role of ASCT in this context, especially in the era of proteasome inhibition and immunomodulatory treatment. To our knowledge, this retrospective study is the first assessment of the prognostic impact of RAS mutations on clinical outcome of multiple myeloma patients treated with high-dose melphalan followed by autologous stem cell transplantation in the era of novel agents, especially in the context of post-relapse survival and maintenance therapy with thalidomide, lenalidomide and bortezomib. Ninety consecutive transplant eligible patients at a single institution who were treated for multiple myeloma with highdose melphalan followed by autologous stem cell support were primarily included in the current study. Representative bone marrow mononuclear cell samples were available in 70 cases. Of the patients included in the current study, 29 received planned tandem ASCT. Patients received a mean of 1.4 lines of therapy prior to ASCT. All patients were subsequently analysed for RAS mutation status, which was correlated with clinical characteristics at diagnosis and therapeutic outcome. Table I summarizes the baseline and treatment characteristics for all patients included in the study.


Carbon nanosheet–coated micron zirconium diboride particles were achieved by an atmospheric chemical vapor deposition in the presence of methane gas without catalyst. The microstructures and carbon structure for the novel particles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. In addition, the growth process of hybrid particles was analyzed by thermodynamic theory. The results showed that zirconium diboride particles were coated by carbon nanosheets uniformly. The carbon nanosheets/zirconium diboride particles were employed to fabricate ceramic composite using spark plasma sintering process. The fracture toughness of the composite was improved up to 5.9 MPa·m0.5 with only 0.9 wt% of carbon nanosheets, which was 40.9% higher than that of the composite without carbon nanosheets. The toughening mechanisms were mainly known as carbon nanosheets crack bridging and pulling out which lead to the formation of crack deflection in the novel composite.


A theoretical method to relate the electrical relative permittivity (dielectric constant) and thermal conductivity of sands is presented. Extensive previous work has been done to relate the physical state (void ratio, water content, and saturation percent) of sandy soils to the bulk thermal conductivity and bulk relative permittivity respectively. These parameters have always been observed isolated from each other. However, both the bulk thermal conductivity and bulk relative permittivity are primarily dependent on the same physical characteristics. Therefore, it should be possible to estimate the thermal conductivity of a soil based on the relative permittivity measured (or vice versa). The objective of this research is to show that this estimation is possible based on actual laboratory measurements. Thermal conductivity and relative permittivity measurements were conducted on prepared bench scale specimens of dry Ottawa Sand at varying density. Thermal conductivity was measured using a thermal needle technique and relative permittivity was measured using a Dynamax TH2O probe. Based on the data collected, there appears to be a linear relationship between the two properties. A correlation is proposed based on the data collected that allows for one to calculate thermal conductivity directly from the relative permittivity measurement. Based on the data collected it appears that the theory that these properties could be estimated from each other is valid for dry sand.


Allelic relationships of genes for resistance to the Pantnagar isolate of bacterial leaf blight were studied in seven resistant donor varieties. Based on the reactions of parents, F1, F2 and F3 generations of the crosses between resistant varieties, it was concluded that 'M. Sungsong' and 'Wase Aikoku-3' have the same gene for resistance. On the other hand, 'BJ 1' and 'Early Prolific', 'Early Prolific' and 'M. Sungsong', 'Early Prolific' and 'LZN', 'BJ l' and 'LZN', 'Wase Aikoku-3' and 'LZN', 'BJ 1' and 'Sigadis', 'BJ 1' and TKM 6', 'Sigadis' and 'Wase Aikoku-3' and 'Wase Aikoku-3' and 'TKM 6' have non-allelic genes for resistance.


Scent of pine and the woodthrush singing are created through Poet's consciousness based on the framework of objective correlative. Philosopher Jacques Derrida believes that a system of differences and the movement of a chain can be substituted by objective correlative. Consciousness is rooted in time and space which always come to Being involved with past and future on the condition that play can be done. From "With the drawing of this Love and the voice of this Calling" based on the figure of ten stairs the valuation costing no less than everything is recognized. Instead of time and space absolute chance of one fell swoop is enforced by the philosopher. Through one fell swoop of absolute chance more valuation is given to the signified than to the signifier, since this floating signifier is the servitude of all finite thought. Mana comes to the point of semantic function to cover antinomies. Mana is a simple form, zero symbolic value and zero phoneme opposed to phoneme absence. Different from scent of pine grounded on signifier, another form of Being is based on signified. The relation between scent of pine and the woodthrush singing can be compared to the relation between mana of zero substance and the species of non-species rooted in signified through biology and psychology not from social sciences. Structure of structures, language could come into being in one fell swoop. It is the philosopher's belief.


As part of an on-going process of centralizing control of government science and technology (S&T) after World War II, in 1966 the Navy went through a major reorganization that was intended to centralize the strategic management of the Navy laboratory system. This centralization was to be accomplished by placing the major Navy research and development activities in a single systems command – the Naval Material Command and establishing the position of Director of Navy Laboratories. Organizational studies and reorganizations continued for the next 25 years until the Naval Material Command and the Director of Navy Laboratories were disestablished in 1985 and 1991, respectively. This dissertation is, in part, an historical study of the Navy from 1946 to 1966 that focuses on the bureaus and laboratories. It summarizes the organizational changes related to strategic management and planning of science and technology. The 1966 reorganization was a critical event because it created the first formal Navy laboratory system. It is proposed that the 1966 reorganization was not successful in centralizing the strategic management of the Navy laboratory system. Classical organization theory offers an explanation of this failure. What can complexity theory add? The overarching contribution is in recognizing that a "Navy Laboratory System" existed before one was formally established in 1966. This argument is developed by considering two specific aspects of complexity theory.


Since W.K. Pritchett's discussion in 1965 of a Hellenistic site on the sandbar at Pylos there has grown a considerable body of support among scholars for the existence of the sandbar in 425 B.C. Nowadays it links the southern tip of the promontory of Coryphasion, which the Athenians occupied, to the mainland near Gialova, and to its north lies Osmanaga lagoon which it cuts off from the main body of Navarino Bay. The promontory is linked at two points to the mainland, at the sandbar and at the dunes to the north which curve round the bay called Voidokoilia. Thucydides in his account of the Pylos campaign at the beginning of Book Four does not mention a sandbar, and supporters of its existence generally assume that his text can be read so as to accommodate it in his account. This I believe is mistaken, for the plan attributed to the Spartans of besieging the fort only makes sense as described if there was no sandbar to use as a land bridge. The aims of this article, therefore, are first to remind readers that the plain meaning of the text at 4.13.1 strongly implies that there was no sandbar in Thucydides' day (this is the older view, clearly expressed by A.W. Gomme); second to show that Pritchett's influential inference from the Hellenistic site to a substantial fifth-century sandbar is not compelling; third to show that attempts to read the text in such a way that it is compatible with the sandbar's existence fail; and fourth to show that there is as yet no reliable scientific information to prove that in the fifth century the sandbar existed in any way that is relevant to the Pylos campaign. In these circumstances there is no reason to reject the plain meaning of the text. Further, this meaning is consistent with what few indications there are about the condition of the sandbar in the fifth century.


The purpose of this study is to examine how Scania IT can apply the delivery model managed services in order to meet the increased demand of IT services. Managed services mean that organisations ha ...


Several zeolite membrane types, including Mordenite (MOR), Linde Type A (LTA), and Faujasite (FAU), have been developed. Among these membranes, FAU zeolite membranes have a variety of applications, especially in the separation of mixtures that contain large molecules. The goal of this study is to use zeolite membranes (Y/alumina) to separate suspensions of oil-in-water emulsion. Two ceramic supports were prepared from the alumina at different sintering temperatures (700°C and 1200°C) to obtain gamma-alumina and alpha-alumina, respectively. The materials prepared, zeolite Y membranes/alpha-alumina and Y/gamma-alumina, were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The powder pressing method was used to compact the alpha-alumina and gamma-alumina ceramic support and the dip-coating method was used to prepare the zeolite Y membranes. The XRD pattern showed that the zeolite Y membrane/alumina obtained by the secondary growth dip-coating method, independent of the ceramic support used, showed no trace of the phases characterized as impurities. It was possible to observe a significant reduction in the concentration of oil in the permeate for the zeolite Y membranes, thus showing their potential for use in this application.


The effects of endlotoxin on lipid peroxidation injury of rat hepatocytes and the protective effects of exogenous superoxide dismutase (SOD) were studied in vitro. It was found that after the isolated rat hepatocytes and endotoxin (500 ng/ml) were incubated together for 6 hours, there was an obvious increase of malondialdlehyde (MDA) level and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and SOD activities, and the increase of LDH and SOD activities occurred earlier than that of MDA level, Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) after activated by endotoxin could destroy the hepatocytes and increase MDA level and LDH and SOD activiities which could partially be inhibited with the pretreatment of exogenous SOD. These findings suggest that endotoxin can intensify the injurious effects of PMN on hepatocytes and it can also directly induce lipid peroxdation injury on hepatocyes but the mechanism was not clear.


The hydroxyl organophosphorus oligomer flame retardant was synthesized by phosphorous acid and ethylene glycol.The flame-retardant finishing system was constituted with flame-retardant,crosslinking agent BTCA and catalyst sodium hypophosphite.The formaldehyde-free cotton fabrics was produced.The synthesis and applications did not need special technology and equipment.The amount of flame retardant,crosslinking agent,curing temperature and time on the flame-retardant effect was discussed in this article.By analysing the thermal decomposing weight of cotton fabrics,it was found that the flame retardant could greatly reduce the thermal decomposition temperature of cotton fabrics.At the same time,the flame retardant has a certain durability and could meet the various fields of textile flame retardant.When the usage of retardant is 400g/L,the usage of crosslinking agent is 80g/L,curing temperature is 180℃ and curing time is 3min,the damage length of fabric is 12.3cm,which has a good antiflammability and durability.


Peripheral neuropathy (PN) is a significant concern and potential cause of withdrawal in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) treated with Levodopa/Carbidopa Intestinal Gel (LCIG) infusion. Vitamin B deficiency and/or hyperhomocysteinemia levodopa‐related are considered possible causative factors. In this study, we evaluated PN incidence in LCIG‐PD patients treated since the beginning of infusion with vitamins B supplementation.


The design principle of a multi-ion beam for instrumental tests, based on the fragmentation of a primary ion beam, is described. This process is expected to provide secondaries with the same momentum per nucleon as the incident beam, and a variable range of nuclear elements in the beam, with the broadest distribution of charge Z extending for one particular setting of the transport line from Z = 1 up to Z 40-50 at most, with comparable individual rates on the average, for any heavy ion (Z > 50) primary beam. The application in a secondary beam obtained from a 20 GeV/c per nucleon primary Pb ions at CERN is reported. The measured results are discussed.


Objectives Despite the increasing use of Ja-ha-guh (Hominis-placenta ) pharmacopuncture in rehabilitative medicine field, its standard compound has yet to be investigated. The purpose of this study is to provide standardization for future studies and increase satisfaction of patients by utilizing standard pharmacopuncture. Methods Alanine and leucine were selected as potential standard compounds. LC/MS was used to devise an analytic method. This analytic method was subject to validation. According to validation guideline of Korea Food and Drug Administration, the specificity, linearity, precision, range, quantitative limits, detection limits and accuracy were measured. With this analysis, 3 lots of Ja-ha-guh pharmacopuncture were analyzed. Results Because the specificity, linearity, precision, range, quantitative limits, detection limits and accuracy meet criteria of the guideline, the analytic method was validated. It was found that Ja-ha-guh pharmacopuncture contained of alanine and of leucine. Conclusions Both alanine and leucine appear to be suitable standard compounds. These results are likely to contribute to further standardization of Ja-ha-guh for medical use.


The article contains the results of experimental tests on the explosive limits of methanol, ethanol and 1-butanol vapours at 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 °C. The tests were conducted in accordance with method B of PN-EN 1839 standard. Additionally, the article presents an overview of the current knowledge regarding methods for determining the explosive limits for the safe transport and storage of flammable liquids.


Tax avoidance has become a prominent feature of contemporary media coverage. It shows that complex corporate structures and transactions are used at home and abroad to enable corporations and wealthy elites to avoid taxes. In this process they are aided by the private banking, legal, accounting, and investment industries. Due to secrecy and confidentiality attached in individual and corporate tax affairs, the amounts of tax revenues lost due to unlawful practices (often called tax evasion), competing interpretations of law (some call it tax avoidance) and a variety of other factors are hard to estimate, but competing models provide a glimpse. This chapter argues that it is difficult to reveal the full extent of tax revenues lost and identifies some of the reasons why this is so. It is difficult if not impossible, to build a comprehensive picture partly because tax avoiding transactions frequently give the appearance of normal transactions and partly because the limited staffing and financial capacity of HMRC makes thorough investigation and prosecution where necessary impossible in all cases.


Wavefront sensing in monochromatic light has 2π ambiguity. To resolve this ambiguity, the wavefront sensing is performed in two wavelengths. A new algorithm is proposed to find the correct phase, and the algorithm is verified by simulation. Using the algorithm, the capture range of a wavefront sensor can be extended from on the order of λ/2 in a segmented mirror piston error to several waves. Lastly, a co-phasing experiment system of the segmented mirror is built to verify the algorithm. In the experiment, one wavelength is 0.65 μm, and the other is 0.636 μm. After the co-phasing fine tuning of the segmented mirror, the piston error of the segmented mirror is better than λ/20. © 2016 Optical Society of America.


The known extrasolar planets exhibit many interesting and surprising features—extremely short‐period orbits, high‐eccentricity orbits, mean‐motion and secular resonances, etc.—and have dramatically expanded our appreciation of the diversity of possible planetary systems. In this review we summarize the orbital properties of extrasolar planets. One of the most remarkable features of extrasolar planets is their high eccentricities, far larger than seen in the solar system. We review theoretical explanations for large eccentricities and point out the successes and shortcomings of existing theories.