A research and development program for advancing speckle interferometry of shortperiod binary stars has seven major components. These are to: (1) create discovery target lists that are rich with potential binaries with under-observed components; (2) observe the binary targets with components with very small separations as guests at larger telescopes; (3) develop an atmospheric dispersion corrector to observe targets at high air masses from telescopes based in Hawaii; (4) continue the automation of speckle interferometry to survey thousands of binary candidates; (5) develop shaped-aperture masks to disperse the bright primary star light away from faint secondary star discovery zones; (6) refine the speckle data reduction procedures and develop bispectrum analysis to reduce multi-band differential photometric measurements; and (7) develop a simplified multi-frame blind deconvolution reduction technique for use with binary stars. Introduction Accurate determinations of stellar masses are critically needed to advance models of stellar evolution. Orbits determined by astrometric measurements of binary stars are the only assumption-free, model-independent way of directly measuring stellar masses. Binary orbits are established by observing the changing orientation of their two components, and then Kepler's Third Law is applied to yield dynamical masses. The masses of stars in the middle of the main sequence are accurately known. This, however, is not the case for evolved stars, or for stars on either end of the Main Sequence. The masses of many of these types of stars are only known to 5%, while we need to achieve an accuracy of 1%. In the case of late-M stars, masses were recently found to be off by a factor of two, and these are the most numerous stars in the Universe! Few short-period binaries containing one of these stars as components are known because the brightness difference between the two components is large, making them difficult to observe. The program described in this paper will employ automated speckle interferometry on telescopes equipped with masks developed by the exoplanet imaging community to discover many short-period, large differential magnitude visual binaries that have, as one of their components, a star of a spectral type or luminosity class with poorly known mass. This program's automation of speckle interferometry should make it feasible to observe the tens of thousands of double stars required to find a few hundred binaries with an under-observed component. Aperture masking-techniques should enable the discovery of heretofore invisible faint secondary components. Vol. 11 No. 1S Journal of Double Star Observations | September 2015 Genet et al. 324 Automated differential photometric measurements should suggest spectral classifications, while multi-frame blind deconvolution reduction could improve precision. The program's target lists will be placed online so other observers can join the discovery process. Information on binaries discovered with under-observed components will also be placed online so observations can be initiated to establish their orbits and hence dynamical masses. Although well over 95% of the observations are not expected to discover the sought-after binaries, the astrometric and multi-band photometric information obtained should be of considerable value to the astronomical community. Gaia, the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope, and other survey telescopes will suggest millions of close double stars that could benefit from observations made with systems employing the techniques developed by this program. This program may lead to the development of four-meter class sparse aperture, speckle interferometry telescopes that should cost a full two-orders-of magnitude less than filled-aperture telescopes. Such automated telescopes would be highly productive binary-star-discovery and follow-up instruments. Overall Program Objective Improving our understanding of the basic evolution of isolated stars, i.e. stars that do not exchange mass, is a vital aspect of stellar research. The most influential parameter, by far, affecting single-star evolution is stellar mass. Advances in stellar evolutionary models are limited by the accuracy of known stellar mass (Malkov et al. 2012). The objective of this program is to discover many short-period visual binaries that have, as one of their two components, a star of a spectral type or luminosity class with poorly known mass. Observations will be made using speckle interferometry because of its proven ability to economically observe binaries with separations below the seeing limit—usually the case for short-period binaries. As will be detailed below, the closest binaries will be observed manually with student help as guest observers on larger telescopes, while the bulk of the observations will be automated. Borrowing technology from the exoplanet imaging community, masks will be used to preferentially diffract the light away from the bright primary star to provide a dark faint secondary star discovery zone. Automated, multi-band, differential speckle photometry will provide the estimates of spectral types needed to determine whether one of the components is of an under-observed type and hence worthy of follow-up observations. Finally, a very computationally-advanced reduction technique borrowed from the space surveillance community, multi-frame blind deconvolution, will be applied to the much simpler case of binary stars. This will allow reductions on fast PCs as opposed to supercomputers. Measurements of binary stars are the primary, assumption-free, model-independent way of directly measuring (as opposed to inferring) stellar mass. As first suggested by Herschel in 1803, the two stars in a binary system act as mutual gravitational probes, and the first binary orbit was determined by Savary in 1830. For accurate single-star mass determinations, the two stars in the binary system cannot be too close, or mass exchange between the two components would affect their evolution. On the other hand, if they are too far apart, they will take hundreds or thousands of years to complete a significant portion of their orbit; a nearly complete orbit is a prerequisite for accurate mass determination. Thus short-period visual binary stars are well-suited for determining isolated-star stellar masses. Short periods, almost by definition, infer small separations—usually below the atmospheric seeing limit for ground-based telescopes. Thus special observational techniques are required, as discussed below in the Methods section. The masses of stars in the middle of the Main Sequence are known with good accuracy from eclipsing binaries (Anderson 1991). Stellar types with the least well known mass are M stars, early stars (both white dwarfs and Main Sequence), and evolved giants and supergiants. The masses of Late M stars were recently shown by Trent Dupuy to be off by an amazing factor of two! (Dupuy et al. 2012; Dupuy et al. 2013). The program targets binary star systems with these types of under-observed stars. How can the stellar masses of close visual binaries be directly determined? There are three complementary observational techniques: (1) Light curves from the photometry of eclipsing binaries—also known as photometric binaries. Vol. 11 No. 1S Journal of Double Star Observations | September 2015 Genet et al. 325 (2) Radial velocity curves via high resolution spectroscopy of binary pairs—i.e. spectroscopic binaries. Double-lined spectroscopic binaries also provide a parallax that is usually more accurate than trigonometric parallax (Farrington et al. 2014). (3) Orbital determination via visual binary astrometry. Typically it takes two of these techniques, working together, to obtain the individual stellar masses in a binary system (Mason et al. 1996). While all three techniques are vital and complementary, visual binary astrometry is our area of concentration. How does visual binary astrometry lead to the determination of stellar masses? When viewed with the naked eye, close visual binaries appear as a single star. Viewed through a telescope at high magnification, they can appear as two separate or partially-blended stars. Repeated observations of the position angles and separations of a close binary over time can yield an apparent orbit—the programming of the binary's true orbit in three-dimensional space on the two-dimensional plane of the sky (Argyle 2012). We know from Kepler's First Law that the orbits of two bodies trace out an ellipse. We also know from solid geometry that an ellipse tilted at any angle with respect to the line-of-sight is still an ellipse. Thus the apparent orbits of binary stars are ellipses. The measured position angles and separations of a binary can be fitted to an ellipse, providing an estimate of the apparent orbit. Kepler's Second Law states that two objects in orbit around one another sweep out equal areas in equal periods of time. From all the possible orientations of an orbit with respect to the line-of-sight from Earth, Kepler's Second Law (given a sufficient number of observations) can be used to determine the specific orientation of a binary's orbit. Kepler's Third Law states that for two bodies, the square of the rotational period is proportional to the cube of the semi-major axis of the true orbital ellipse. Newton extended Kepler's Third Law: P = a / Md where P is the period in years, a is the semi-major axis in astronomical units, and Md is the dynamical mass of the two stars in units of solar mass. The dynamical mass is simply the sum of the primary and secondary stellar masses, i.e., Md = Mp + Ms. It should be noted that the units of the semi-major axis in Newton's formulae are astronomical units, not arc seconds. Thus, we need to know the actual physical separation, not just the apparent angular separation. This is readily determined if we know the distance of the binary pair from Earth. Distances have been determined


(57) Abstract: The present invention prevent inflammation by inhibiting proteolytic activity, methods and means for the treatment or alleviation, and more particularly, to methods and means for preventing or alleviating inflammation of the skin or intestine. The present invention provides a method of preventing or reducing inflammation, provides a method characterized by subjecting to treat a mammal, according to at least one inhibitor capable of inhibiting proteolytic activity. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the inhibitor is an inhibitor derived from a plant product, e.g., potato juice or therefrom.


Mobilities and sheet carrier densities of single interface, modulation‐doped AlGaAs‐GaAs heterostructures depend on the structure and molecular beam epitaxial growth parameters. Variation of the thickness of the undoped spacer between 20 and 360 A gave electron densities in the range 1012–2×1011 cm−2 in two‐dimensional electron gases. Thick spacers resulted in high 4.2‐K mobilities of 1.2×106 cm2/Vs in dark and 1.8×106 cm2/Vs under illumination with corresponding channel densities of 2.3×1011 cm−2 and 3.9×1011 cm−2, respectively. Two‐dimensional hole gases had mobilities of 83 000 cm2/Vs and hole concentrations of 2.7×1011 cm−2 at 4.2 K.


ABSTRACT The Federal Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (P. L. 92-583) provides incentives for states to plan and implement management programs to guide public and private uses of lands and waters in the coastal zone. Many states, including Louisiana, are in the planning phase of program development. Several coastal zone bills have been prepared for consideration by the Louisiana Legislature during the 1976 session. Most bills call for creation of some process or mechanism to prepare specific management guidelines. Close government-industry cooperation is essential for preparation of effective guidelines involving oil and gas operations, and initial contacts have been made to establish this working relationship. In addition to adherence to existing air and water quality standards, these guidelines will undoubtedly incorporate recognition of such factors as ecosystem integrity and function, maintenance of natural water flow and circulation patterns, trends in land/water ratios, changes in water freshness or salinity, erosion of Gulf shores, and cumulative environmental impacts within hydrologic units and marsh types. A comprehensive assessment of techniques will be required to mitigate the effects of such activities as brine disposal, road building, canal dredging, pipelaying, spoil disposal, and the construction and operation of processing plants, storage facilities and refineries.


Some factors of hurdle technology, including far infrared radiation, ultraviolet ray, heating and cooling, are utilizedto control the quality of new-type concoct food. By sense and microorganism tests, it is found which hurdles adopted are moreeffective in products. The result indicates that dehydrating 20min with 1500W far-infrared-ray under the term of 95℃,sterilizing 25min with 235W ultraviolet-ray, and refrigerating under the term of 4℃ can kill harmful bacterium, and cannotinfluence the flavor and quality of products.


The article has described the relation between environment,farm cattle and human from the angle of ecological anthropology adaptation. Because of restriction by environment,the farm cattle in Jiangnan is insufficient seriously. By virtue of this,a series of social relationships and social course have taken place with the farm cattle's breeding and utilizing,and because of the influence of the law of the farming,this kind of social relationships and course demonstrate very strong seasonal characteristic. Spring is the season making preparation for ploughing and sowing,therefore it is the surging period of farm cattle's trade,and on the brink of needing,a lot of peasant families have to buy the farm cattle on credit in the form of usury ; at the busy farming season time,in order to guarantee the harmony of agricultural production,the poor family is through leasing etc to obtain cattle's strength input; while in slack season of farming,in order to save such expenses as the fodder,etc.,a lot of peasant families sell the farm cattle. In this course,it is particularly obvious that little peasant households behave.


The content, legends and methods of designing the basic soil maps in complex regional atlases published over the past 60 years were analyzed. The atlases were grouped in accordance with the time of publication and potential users. The main attention was paid to the content and conceptual background of maps, their compliance with the rules and experience of traditional soil mapping in Russia, as well as to the requirements for soil maps, i. e. completeness of information with new knowledge included, visual clarity and readability. The content of maps is assessed in the following aspects: natural soils, presence of human-modified soils, classification used, soil cover composition and pattern, relief, and soil texture. The legends were evaluated in terms of information on soils and presentation of the mapping concepts, namely, legend structure, the number of units and the order of soils in the legend; methods of cartographic presentation were discussed as well. Soil maps in the atlases dating from the second half of the last century were compiled in accordance with the zonality concept; the soils basically corresponded to the USSR soil classification (1977) with some additions. In the atlases of the latest period, there are several maps compiled according to the new classification of soils in Russia. Soil maps in the atlases mostly used standard cartographic techniques; at present a certain deviation from the rules and standards of traditional soil cartography is obvious, which affects the information content and visual clarity of maps


The ML scaling property of the dilepton spectrum from early parton matter in ultrarelativistic heavy collisions is analyzed for various mechanisms of initial parton proiduction. If there is no essentially additional scde in the parton distribution we find even for strong off-equilibrium parton matter approximate scaling, whiie such scales as low-momentum cut-off or parton mass cause strong scaling violations. Dileptons are considered as useful tool to investigate the dynamics and the matter state in the Course of ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions. In particular, the lepton pairs are thought to represent direct messengers from the early stages where the transient creation of deconfined matter is prejudiced [I, 2, 31. Whether the energy density and lifetime ane large enough to achieve a locally equilibrated qua&-gluon plasma is a question ta be decided experimentally. The presently available eskimates and simulation codes predict the possibility of creating deconfined parton matter in future experiments at RHIC in Brookhaven. In general the dilepton spectrum dN/dM:dq:dY with respect to the transverse mass of the pair, ML = (M is the invariant mass, and q ~ . the transverse momentum, while Y $endes the ra~idity), and transverse momentum depends separately on both ML arid q _ ~ a t fixed Y . Integrating over qi one gets the co-nl~ studied mass spectrum dN/dM2dY [3] that is ~articular suitable %o get informtion on the initial temperature T. of a quark-gluon plasma due to the essential


Precision optical wavefront metrology is crucial in a range of areas, including direct imaging of exoplanets. Although ground-based systems have reached high sensitivities, systems that are suitable for space use using stellar photons for sensing are lacking. In work published this year, we have developed a robust phase reconstruction expression that allows very accurate measurement of small phase changes at the highest spatial frequencies possible, targeting very small signals to demonstrate its applicability for space-based high-contrast missions


In this study, it was found that service quality and brand image both exert a positive and significant influence on the purchasing decisions of Mixue products in Yogyakarta. Furthermore, when analyzed together, service quality and brand image collectively hold a significant sway over Mixue purchasing decisions within the city. The research results align with prior studies in the field, emphasizing the importance of service quality as a dynamic factor that can meet or exceed customer expectations. Moreover, brand image plays a crucial role in consumer decision-making, as it reflects the associations and perceptions consumers have about a particular brand. The consistency of these findings across various studies underscores their relevance and applicability in real-world marketing scenarios. These insights are valuable for businesses, especially those in the culinary industry, as they highlight the significance of offering high-quality service and building a strong brand image to attract and retain customers. Understanding the interplay between service quality, brand image, and purchasing decisions can aid businesses in developing effective marketing strategies to thrive in a competitive marketplace. In conclusion, this research contributes to the body of knowledge in marketing management and provides practical guidance for businesses aiming to navigate the ever-changing landscape of consumer behavior. By adapting to these insights, companies can position themselves strategically to succeed in the market and win the competition.


The invention provides a substrate for a thin film transistor (TFT) array and a method for manufacturing the same. The substrate for the TFT array comprises the substrate, a plurality of multicrystal silicon islands and a plurality of grid electrodes, wherein the substrate has a display zone, a grid electrode drive zone and a source electrode drive zone; the multicrystal silicon islands are arranged on the substrate, and each multicrystal silicon island has a source electrode zone, a drain electrode zone and a channel zone positioned between the source electrode zone and the drain electrode zone; moreover, the multicrystal silicon islands comprise a plurality of first multicrystal silicon islands and second multicrystal silicon islands, wherein the first multicrystal silicon islands are arranged inside the display zone and the grid electrode drive zone, and have major grain boundaries and minor grain boundaries, and the major grain boundaries is only positioned inside the source electrode zone and/or the drain electrode zone; the second multicrystal silicon islands are arranged inside the source electrode drive zone; the size of grain inside the first multicrystal silicon islands is different from that inside the second multicrystal silicon islands; and the grid electrodes are arranged on the substrate and are corresponding to the channel zone.


. The factor of consumer's incomes refers to non-price factors affecting the change in demand. Almost all levels of income groups of consumers enjoy cruise holidays. One of the threats to the development of the cruise business in Ukraine is the fall in demand due to the decline in consumers income. When organizing a cruise in the Black Sea-Mediterranean region, there is a problem of a significant difference in incomes of the population of each country participating in the line, which determines the class of the intended cruise. In the article, dependencies of the number of cruise passengers in the Mediterranean countries on average wages and GDP per capita are constructed and analyzed, the elasticity of demand for income in the region is estimated. Models are recognized as adequate and significant for the countries of Italy and France. With an increase in the average wage by 1 %, the number of cruise passengers in France increased by 4,1 %, Greece − by 27,6 %, Italy − by 27,9 %. With an increase in GDP per capita of 1%, the number of cruise passengers of France and Greece increased by 4,1 % and 1,1 %, respectively, of Italy − by 24,4 %. Barcelona is the leader of the Mediterranean cruise market. In 2017, this port was visited by 2712247 cruise passengers. Spanish tourists, on average, account for 16,8 % of Barcelona's passenger traffic. The model of dependence of the number of Spanish cruise tourists visiting the port of Barcelona on the average wage is statistically reliable and adequate. The coefficient of 37,55 in the model shows the positive effect of the average wage on the number of cruise tourists, which is true, i.e. with wage growth of 1 %, the number of tourists will grow by 37,55 %. The elasticity of demand for income cruises is positive, but predominantly low for the Mediterranean region. It is necessary to pay attention to the influence of unaccounted factors, such as changes in price and quality level, on the resulting indicator. The analysis of the models obtained in the future will enable the participants of the cruise market to predict their development in the future, and to manage the economic results.


Tasawwuf which is refers to as zuhd during the time of the prophet is being distorted with new concept contrary to the teachings of the prophet and his companions. As a result, it is misunderstood by some Muslims and few bothers to look into its reality. The current practiced of tasawwuf to some extend contradictory to the zuhd displayed during the time of the prophet and his companions. The adulteration in it has made many Muslims not to pay attention; less learning or benefitting from its fruits .The current corrupt situation among Muslims in northern Nigeria can be attributed to absence of zuhd. The fact that corrupt mind can lead to many problems, generated into insurgency; causing a lot of damages and loss of life and property. Therefore, the implementation of zuhd according to the teachings and practice of the prophet, his companions, and early Sunni scholars can be of assistance in reducing the level of corruption among Muslims in northern Nigeria. This can be achieved through proper Islamic education mainly for the attainment of Allah's pleasure. By this, a Muslim seeks for the worldly gains as a means to an end, and deceased from following his whims and caprices.


Safety is regarded as the second basic need in Maslow's hierarchy of needs (1943), and safety recognition and circumvention behaviour in the route-choice decision-making process should therefore be accommodated in network-traffic equilibrium analysis frameworks. This paper proposes a framework by which crash frequency, forecasted using the safety-analysis method or compiled from historical data for intersections, is used to measure the safety consciousness of drivers. Drivers are then classified into different groups according to their acceptable-risk thresholds, and each group has its own route-choice set. Decision behaviour whereby drivers are willing to bear additional costs in order to circumvent travel risk is incorporated into the variational inequality model based on the user equilibrium in the perceived route-choice set (UE-PRCS), which is an extension of Wardrop's first principle. The Frank–Wolfe algorithm, based on the convex combination method, is employed to obtain the solution. A small road network is used as a case study to illustrate the proposed framework, incorporating risk recognition and circumvention behaviour under different combinations of traffic demand and risk-sensitivity group ratio. The results show that the standard user equilibrium is a special case of the UE-PRCS, but that the UE traffic state is more common than the UE-PRCS under different parameters.


The purpose of this paper is to suggest a method that .NET smart web development is enhanced through Managed Hybrid Web to improve the problems of UI development and representation in Hybrid Web. Improvement of structured system design of Managed Hybrid Web can enhance the efficiency and extendability of the interface objects. In particular, Source convenience is further enhanced regarding to coexistence of the objects if a client and server technique is applied to the class generation ways. It comes to the conclusion that the application of the user interface has the free representation ways, and the extension of representation ways can be achieved by each part independence.


The bound meson problem is studied in the p-representation of meson oscillators. (p is canonical momentum). The notion of this paper may be applied to other problems than the symmetrical scalar one. The domain of p is divided into the inner and outer regions. It is proved by application of canonical transformations that such a process is natural. In the inner region the precession of the T-spin is dominant, which takes place as bound mesons are virtually emitted or absorbed. On the other hand, in the outer region the coupling between the radial mode of meson with the T-spin is primarily important. Since all relevant quantities appear as functions of VIPI (V is coupling constant), we can spealc about the characteristics of regions independently of V, if we choose 1/V as the unit of length of p. Then in this scale, we see that the wave functions of low-lying states are damped when the magnitude of IPI is larger than V. By way of these considerations, we can understand the characteristics of the problem over all ranges of V in a unified fashion. In a wealc coupling case, the inner region is the only one to be talcen into account, while the most noticeable features of a strong coupling case come from the outer region, to which the major part of a wave function belongs in this case. It is noticeable that the inner region is, however, essential to give finer details of a strong coupling case, which are of higher order in 1/V2• With these qualitative prospects in mind, a new approach is tried to improve the results worked out by Sawada. However, our ability to treat a complicated form of operators is at present so limited that our resulrs are not yet satisfactory. It is discussed what may be the key to the future improvement.


Gas-liquid flow and heat transfer in a nuclear reactor were investigated by the numerical simulation,on the base of former numerical study of the experimental model in this paper.The Euler two phase flow model,the MUSIG model and the fluid-solid coupling model are applied to describe,respectively,the gas-liquid two phase flow,the bubble size distribution and interaction in the core and the heat transfer between cooling-pipe and liquid.The temperature distribution,velocity distribution,bubble diameter distribution in the nuclear reactor and heat transfer coefficient of the cooling coils were obtained by numerical method.The numerical results show that the temperature distribution in the core is more even when there is bubble disturbing,and the cooling pipe may achieve 85% heat transfer,which agrees with the test results.The study on the effect of different gas generation on the heat transfer of cooling pipe at nominal power shows that the heat transfer between the liquid and cooling pipe can be enhanced as the increase of bubble generation.


Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the retinal toxicity of intravitreal minocycline in rabbit eyes. Methods: Intravitreal injection of minocycline with concentrations of 1000, 500, 250, 125 and 62.5 μg in 0.1 ml was performed in 10 New Zealand albino rabbits. Each concentration was injected into two rabbit eyes. For each dose, normal saline was injected in one contralateral eye and the other fellow eye remained non-injected. Electrophysiologic testing was performed before and 4 weeks after injections. The eyes were enucleated 4 weeks after injections and examined using light microscopy. Results: The clinical examination was unremarkable after injections. Electroretinography recordings were significantly affected at all doses in at least one of the a- or b-waves of photopic or scotopic responses. Histopathologic examination revealed marked atrophy and loss of integrity in all retinal layers in all minocycline injected eyes. Contralateral eyes were normal. Conclusion: In our study, intravitreal minocycline was toxic to the retina in albino rabbits even at a concentration of 62.5 µg/0.1 ml.


The idea the President election directly by the fpeople is not validated because it contra dicts with the basic political principles (ideal principles, Pancasila) and formal judical principle as expressed on Paragraph 1 article (2) Constitution 1945. In the frame of strengthen for law supremacy it will bee any clash between the political will and the,law desires about President election directly by the People. -


The 2D Fermi surface of 1st stage PdAl2Cl8 acceptor-type graphite intercalation compounds (GICs) has been investigated using the Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH) effect. One fundamental frequency is observed, the angular variation of which confirms its strongly 2D nature, as previously found through electrical conductivity measurements. The energy spectrum can be described by the 2D band structure model proposed by Blinowski et al. We obtain the following parameter values: intraplane C-C interaction energy gamma_0 = 2.7 eV, Fermi energy E_F = -1.1 eV and carrier density n_SdH= 1.1x10^27 m^-3. Some fewer details are presented on stage 2 and 3 materials.


The review is a collection of findings of journal articles. This descriptive work is based on training and development in banking industry. The banks are growing concerns and technologies, systems, processes, and procedures are changing here and consequently the employees need to know how and adapt to a new environment or situation for why they are supposed to go through the training and development processes. The review is aimed at extracting the findings from various journal articles from international perspective with special focus on Bangladeshi literatures. The findings have encrypted by naming and describing the findings in the journal articles under review. Lastly, the summarized discussion highlighted the possible suggestions to the banks emphasizing the importance of training and development in the industry. Key w ords: Training and Development, Commercial Banks, Bangladesh


Since the 1997 reform FTSE 100 stocks trade on the London Stock Exchange in a fragmented market. These stocks can be traded either on the electronic order book, SETS, or through dealers posting voluntary quotations. The UK regulator does not enforce any quote display requirement, and best execution requirements are satisfied when prices for off-SETS trades are at least as good as the prices available on SETS. In this environment, dealers may have an informational advantage over public traders with no corresponding obligation and this may lead to a free riding problem and inefficient prices. Our results are consistent with this conjecture. In particular, price changes are mainly explained by SETS trades which seem more informative than off-book trades. Off-book trading adversely affects price efficiency because it delays the price discovery process. JEL Classification: G10, G34


The invention discloses an audio and video service on demand method applied to a broadcast television network and a system thereof. A flow control channel is established between an on demand client (ODC) and a session manager (SM); when an abnormal accident occurs in on demand audio and video services, there is no need for participation of the ODC and an on demand resource manager (ODRM) directly closes session with a streaming server (SS); an SS' is selected again to carry out audio and video flow pushing process of the on demand audio and video services; the ODC sends a flow control request to the SM; the flow control request is sent to the reselected SS' through the ODRM; and the reselected SS' is used to complete the repushing of the on demand audio and video services. According to the invention, there is no need for participation during the whole implementation process of the method; and it is also unnecessary to close a session between an ODC and an SM, a session between the SM and an edge resource manager (ERM) and a session between the SM and the ODRM; therefore, time is saved; an occurrence of a blank screen phenomenon on the ODC will not accrue; and user experience is enhanced.


Perovskites which both naturally occurring and synthetically produced with important technological applications are a large class of minerals. Physical properties of interest to materials science through perovskites include superconductivity, magnetoresistance, ionic conductivity, and a multitude of dielectric properties, which are of great importance in microelectronics and telecommunication. Recently interest has arisen in perovskite-type oxides as catalysts due to high thermal and hydrothermal stability as well as high mechanical strength among other properties. In the present work, LaMnO3 and LaNiO3 perovskite type oxide catalysts are developed for the purpose of pyrolysis of biomass, and they are studied in terms of structure. The crystal structures of catalysts were determined via X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), morphology of the samples were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and the specific surface area of the samples were determined by N2 adsorption desorption isotherms (BET) measurements.


In the fourth generation mobile communication system, the frequency band higher than the bands already used for IMT-2000 has been assigned. However, the higher radio frequency increases the propagation loss. To cope with the propagation loss, relay transmission has been investigated. In this paper, a transmission diversity scheme with frequency offset in amplify-and-forward (AF) relaying is proposed. In this scheme, the frequency of the OFDM signal is shifted at the relay station. A different amount of frequency offset is given in each relay station and the signals from the relay stations are separated and combined by MMSE detection at the base station. The numerical results obtained through computer simulation show that diversity is realized and the BER performance is improved by 1-2 dB at the BER of 10-2. When the number of the RSs increases, more BER improvement is achieved.


A lens system consists of an array of microlenses 11 arranged in a single plane, each microlens being associated with first and second pinhole means 12, 13 to be associated respectively with a light source 15 and a detector 18. In use light from the light source 15 and associated pinhole means 12 passes through a microlens 11, is reflected from a surface 16 and passes back through either that microlens or an adjacent microlens and its associated pinhole means 13 to a detector 18.


Exponential growth (a fixed fractional increase per unit time) yields a straight line when plotted on a semi-logarithmic graph. This kind of graphic representation provides students with interesting insights into historic and current events that affect us all.


The foregrounding of pornography in the new era of free expression has profoundly gendered consequences, writes LLIANE LOOTS, when constitutional rights also enshrine sexual equality and the right to dignity


SUBTITLE: THE TRICK IS TO SAVE MONEY: TICKET CONSOLIDATORS MAY BE YOUR BEST BET WHEN YOU MAKE A LAST-MINUTE RESERVATION TO TRAVEL LONG DISTANCES.


This work started with the analysis of cultural politics in Sweden within fields of architecture and design by using the example of ArkDes (formerly known as Museum of Architecture), which was unde ...


Based on the observations that had been made, students experienced some difficulties in solving physics problems, especially in multiple representations. They had a problem in applying a concept with a different form of representation from the previous representation. To overcome this, it is necessary to apply what's another way method as solving problem solution. This study aims to analyze the student's difficulties in solving physics problems with multiple representations using what's another way method on heat and temperature topics in a private islamic senior high school located in Banda Aceh. The design of this study was qualitative descriptive research with five students as subjects. The instruments used were test questions and interviews, then the results of the data were analyzed using what's another way method. The results showed that all students experienced difficulties at level II (planning problem solving), level III (problem solving), level IV (re-checking), and level V (reflection), while for difficulty level I, namely understanding the problem, it is found that no one face the problem. Therefore, the difficulties of students can be grouped into indicators of difficulty in applying the principles and difficulties in solving verbal problems. The factors cause these difficulties may occur due to error in using formulas, error in mathematical calculations, error in unit conversions, error in symbols writing , and error in double-checking.


Marble is one of the most important materials in the field of interior design for houses and buildings. Marble is a natural material with aesthetic values that may vary from one type to another depending on its mineral compositions and its properties. In this research, the necessary tests were done for six types of Egyptian marble to (The main aims of this research) are: To compare the differences between geological, chemical, physical, and mechanical properties of the same marble type in the different areas and to quantify the different characteristics and uses of selected marble types. The tests were physical, mechanical (according to ASTM standards), chemical, as well as petrography analysis. It was found that: South Sinai Teriesta marble samples had the highest values of major oxides, as SiO 2 1.03%, MgO 0.638%, Al 2 O 3 0.355%, Fe 2 O 3 0.339%, and the lowest value of CaO 54.6%, compared with other studied marble types. Zaafarana marble samples had the lowest values of water absorption with average of 0.356% and the apparent porosity with average of 0.894%, the highest average values of: bulk density 2.729 gm/cm3, abrasion resistance 2.345, and compressive strength 100.29 MPa compared with other studied marble types. Elminya Selvia marble samples had the highest values of water absorption with average of 1.488% and the apparent porosity with average of 3.770%., the lowest average values of: bulk density with 2.468 gm/cm3, abrasion resistance 1.145, and compressive strength 41.37 MPa. Modulus of rupture ranged from 7.2 to 13.8 MPa, for dry and wet conditions and the flexural strength ranged from 6.4 to 12.25 MPa, for dry and wet conditions. It was cleared that Red Sea Zaafarana marble is the strongest type and Elminya Selvia marble is the weakest one. aluminium oxide, 0.157% iron oxide, 0.875% silicon oxide, and traces of other elements. The grain size of this type is very fine to medium grained, and its colour is light beige. The average values of physic-mechanical tests results are water absorption is 1.19 % of its volume, apparent porosity is 3.18%, bulk density is 2.68 gm/cm3, abrasion resistance is 1.31, loss of thickness is 2.37 mm, dry and wet compressive strength are 54.21 MPa and 45.84 MPa respectively, dry, and wet modulus of rupture are 9.86 MPa and 7.81 MPa respectively, and dry and wet flexural strength are 9.52 MPa and 7.59 MPa respectively. The type of salvia contains 57.5% calcium oxide, 0.096% magnesium oxide, 0.049% aluminium oxide, 0.041% iron oxide, 0.188% silicon oxide, and traces of other elements. The grain size of this type is very fine to medium grained, and its colour is light beige. The average values of physic mechanical tests results are water absorption is 1.49% of its volume, apparent porosity is 3.77%, bulk density is 2.47 gm/cm3, abrasion resistance is 1.15, loss of thickness is 2.74 mm, dry and wet compressive strength are 41.37 MPa and 36.93 MPa respectively, dry, and wet modulus of rupture are 8.1 MPa and 8.53 MPa respectively, and dry and wet flexural strength are 8.48 MPa and 7.47 MPa respectively. Therefore, these marble types show low physical and mechanical properties (according to ASTM - C503 compared with other studied marble types. This is explained by presence of fossils and shell fragments in great amounts as large to medium sized and embedded in the matrix of very fine to medium grained calcite (micrite). Micrite to sparite


The present invention provides a buffering strategy based on large-scale audio and video stream encoding control method, an amount of data in the video buffer large scale sound transmission through the Internet, and other aspects of the application as the basis, the artificial convection control parameters are set, then enciphering system automatically dynamically adjust the encoding parameters so that the audio and video streams may be fluctuations in the premise, and the upper limit at any time does not exceed a particular transmission buffers based on a given bandwidth, in order to ensure a limited transmission bandwidth smooth and high-quality audio and video playback conditions. The characteristics of the present invention Internet audio and video streaming and playback, can be avoided CBR, VBR flow control inherent problems, can solve the drawbacks ABR flow control and buffering strategy in the control mechanism does not match, and also address VBV model HRD flow control particle size is too small and strictly control the overflow encoding quality and other factors.


identify the areas of cost structure, trade power, and product and use dynamics as relevant for extending our understanding of the decision process. In Chapter 16, Monroe and Mazumdar review recent developments in pricing decision models and identify areas for further research. In particular, they stress the need for descriptive research on pricing-a point made previously by Rao (1984)-and the need for interdependence and mutual appreciation of the perspectives of the two groups of researchers with behavioral and quantitative orientation. As they point out, we need to validate many of the predictions made by the game theoretic models in pricing.


This study investigated the main factors contributing to boron toxicity in plants. Growth was rapidly inhibited by internal B concentrations in the range 1–5 m m across a range of plant types that included monocot, dicot and algal species. In contrast, mature cells were able to withstand up to 60 m m B for several days. In wheat, rapid inhibition of root growth occurred if high B was applied to the root tip, but not if high B was applied to mature sections of the root. In leaves, there were gradations in B concentrations that correlated with visible symptoms of toxicity. However, there was no evidence to support the hypothesis that toxicity in leaves is due to osmotic stress induced by the accumulation of B. Analysis of the sensitivity to B of a range of metabolic processes including photosynthesis, respiration and protein synthesis leads to the conclusion that growth is not restricted by effects of B on energy supply and not directly by inhibition of protein synthesis. At higher B concentrations, many cellular activities were found to be partially inhibited and the toxicity to mature tissues was therefore considered not to arise from the disruption of a single process, but from the accumulated retardation of many cellular processes, exacerbated in light by photo-oxidative stress.


The indication for surgical intervention is established if a conservative treatment gives unsatisfactory or no success, if the symptoms are acute and severe, the course progressive and if there are neurological attacks. The author reports favorable results of operation in the primary forms: 94.4% pure acroparesthesias, 92.4% in acroparesthesias with neurological symptoms. About 84.6% success was obtained in the posttraumatic forms.


Clustering is an important unsupervised data analysis technique, which divides data objects into clusters based on similarity. Clustering has been studied and applied in many different fields, including pattern recognition, data mining, decision science and statistics. Clustering algorithms can be mainly classified as hierarchical and partitional clustering approaches. Partitioning around medoids (PAM) is a partitional clustering algorithms, which is less sensitive to outliers, but greatly affected by the poor initialization of medoids. In this paper, we augment the randomized seeding technique to overcome problem of poor initialization of medoids in PAM algorithm. The proposed approach (PAM++) is compared with other partitional clustering algorithms, such as K-means and K-means++ on text document clustering benchmarks and evaluated in terms of F-measure. The results for experiments indicate that the randomized seeding can improve the performance of PAM algorithm on text document clustering.


This paper describes a multi-channel system designed to make simultaneous measurements at up to six widely spaced points. The apparatus was used to determine the attenuation of traffic noise as it propagated over various forms of terrain in urban communities. The method of data acquisition, digital coding, interfacing and subsequent computational treatment to obtain any of the A weighted statistical properties of the noise is described. The use of the instrument as a long term (24 hours) survey meter is described. Calibration methods are outlined.


Environmental factors are important in agriculture and need to be considered for getting good degree of development and reasonable efficiency, by reducing their operating costs. To this end, land use shall be appropriated to the conditions offered by the physical elements of the landscape. By facing such questions, this paper aims is to present of mapping the ability of land use of the hydrographic basins Cavalheiro Stream basin (in the city of Analândia - Sao Paulo State - Brazil) which presents serious erosion problems. Besides it aims to assess if the current land use in this area is consistent with the identified land use ability. For this we have made a cartographic document that spatializes the various classes of usability and its main restrictions. The correlative analysis between that document and land use data showed that Cavalheiro Stream's current use is predominantly inappropriate with the usability of land, which was identified from the physical attributes of the studied area, except for a few sites that are used for forestry and pasture placed in Western, Eastern and Central-South.


PVD-TiN gate FinFET SRAM half-cells with different β-ratios and fin-height controlled transistors have successfully been fabricated using orientation-dependent wet etching and selective recess RIE. It was found that read static noise margin (SNM) increases significantly by controlling β from 1 to 2. With further increasing β, read SNM increases slightly. On the other hand, write margin shows weak dependence on β. By controlling the fin-heights of pass-gate (PG) and pull-up (PU) transistors to one-half pull-down (PD) transistors, i.e., β = 2, the read SNM was enhanced from 133 to 185 mV at VDD = 1 V. Scaled recess areas down to 103 nm square for low-fins have successfully been fabricated by optimized electron-beam lithography and RIE. The developed fin-height controlled technology is very useful for the fabrication of scaled SRAM without cell area increment.


Accurate precipitation data are the basis for hydro‐climatological studies. As a highly populated river basin, with the biggest inland fishery in Southeast Asia, freshwater dynamics is extremely important for the Mekong River Basin (MB). This study focuses on evaluating the reliability of existing gridded precipitation datasets both from satellite and reanalysis, with a ground observations‐based gridded precipitation dataset as the reference. Two satellite products (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission [TRMM] and the Precipitation Estimation from Remote Sensing Information using an Artificial Neural Network—Climate Data Record [PERSIANN‐CDR]), as well as three reanalysis products (Modern‐Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications [MERRA2], the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts interim reanalysis [ERA‐Interim], and the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis [CFSR]) were compared with the Asian Precipitation—Highly Resolved Observational Data Integration Towards Evaluation of Water Resources (APHRODITE) over the MB. The APHRODITE was chosen as the reference for the comparison because it was developed based on ground observations and has also been selected as reference data in previous studies. Results show that most of the assessed datasets are able to capture the major climatological characteristics of precipitation in the MB for the 10‐year study period (1998–2007). Generally, both satellite data (TRMM and PERSIANN‐CDR) show higher reliability than reanalysis products at both spatial and temporal scales across the MB, with the TRMM outperforming when compared to the PERSIANN‐CDR. For the reanalysis products, MERRA2 is more reliable in terms of temporal variability, but with some underestimation of precipitation. The other two reanalysis products CFSR and ERA‐Interim are relatively unreliable due to large overestimations. CFSR is better positioned to capture the spatial variability of precipitation, while ERA‐Interim shows inconsistent spatial patterns but more realistically resembles the daily precipitation probability. These findings have practical implications for future hydro‐climatological studies.


A History Review and Development Forecasting of the Total Expenditures of Health (TEH) in China was carried out by the taskforce of national health account of China, to coordinate a research of China health financing carried out by some agencies in the State Council of China. There are four section in our research: 1.The data accumulated were revised and smoothed according to the current estimated boundary of TEH.; 2.A time series factor analysis was conducted utilizing the history data, from two points of view: the demand of health service and the the providing capacity of health fund. 3.A TEH development forecasting from 1999 to 2002, and from 2000 to 2010 was carried out utilizing the data collected from every sectors and some knowledgeable judgement, according to two econometrics models of time series data of TEH in China. 4.Some policy suggestions from two points of view (the payable demand of health service and the providing capacity of health fund) were pointed out according to above mentioned TEH development forecasting. We suggest that, to enlarge the domestic payable demand of health service, it is not only essential but also potential. lt is possible absolutely to maintain the balance between the effective demand of health service and the providing capacity of health fund timely, if we have corrective policy of macro supervision and direction. lt is needed the support of a scientific macro economic information system to design the corrective policy of macro supervision and direction. So, it is essential to strengthen further the Program of Health Account in China.


The paper presents a methodology for determination of harmonic iron losses in laminated iron cores under sinusoidal excitation for various frequencies and sinusoidal pulse width modulated voltage excitations. The method is based on measurements performed by using a convenient Epstein device supplied by a sinusoidal and a SPWM source, which are stored and processed in a PC by using an appropriate data acquisition card. It is shown that calculation of iron losses due harmonics cannot be performed by applying summation of harmonic components.


The objective of this study was to analyse the influences of phosphate and of fibre from wheat culms on the functional characteristics of fermented sliceable sausages. Therefore, two series of experiments were performed. During fermentation of sausages the following parameters were analysed: pH value, water activity, weight loss, hardness, colour and sensory characteristics. Furthermore, chemical complete analysis was conducted, in order to see, whether the fibres from wheat culms were inert to influences from the matrix of the fermented sausages or not. After the first series of experiments, it was found that an amount of 4.8% fibres from wheat culms was not acceptable from the sensory point of view. Therefore the chosen maximum amount of fibres from wheat culms added was 2.5%. Five days after manufacture, batches with fibres from wheat culms and phosphate were found to have a higher degree of hardness than the batches without phosphate and fibres from wheat culms at the seventeenth day after manufacture. With the use of trisodium monohydrogen di-phosphate a better mouthfeeling could be achieved, lowering the roughness which is caused by the fibres from wheat culms. Through the addition of phosphate, the viscosity of the raw sausage stuffing was also reduced.


We investigate properties of a previously proposed discrete kinetic system for the numerical simulation of gas flows on the basis of the Boltzmann equation. On one hand, these models are well‐suited for qualitative and quantitative studies in a variety of situations. On the other hand, it is necessary to know about certain features of such schemes. We discuss limitations as well as extensions of the Lattice Group Model.


Background: Obesity can be associated with comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, and fatty liver. Cholelithiasis has a prevalence of 19–45% worldwide in obese individuals. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of weight loss on gallstone formation. Methods: This is a retrospective review of prospectively collected database from 276 patients (220 females and 56 males) who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) from September 2009 until April 2014 in Shiraz, Iran. Results: The patients' mean age was 35.7 ± 0.6 years and mean body–mass index (BMI) was 44.3 ± 0.4 kg/m2. Preoperatively, there were 171 (61.9%) patients with fatty liver and 15 (5.4%) patients with gallstone before weight loss. Postoperatively, 5 (1.8%) patients became symptomatic without preoperative cholelithiasis. Gallstone was seen with a higher percentage in female patients (95%). Weight loss after 1, 3, 6, and 12 months was similar in patients with gallstone and other patients. Conclusions: LSG leads to weight los...


The article demonstrates the possibility of treatment of retinopathy of prematurity based on the barrage technique of laser coagulation anterior to the ridge with extraretinal proliferation. The treatment lead to reduction of process activity, flattening and consequent full ridge resorption, significant decrease of vessels activity. This technique may be regarded as sparing treatment case due to less number of coagulates. However, it requires longitudinal post-operation supervision due to the high risk of resuming of growth extraretinal proliferation.


Introduction Happiness as one of the most important psychological needs of mankind, has always occupied the human mind because of its major effects on personality formation. Therefore, since happiness is one of the essential emotions of mankind, everyone experiences it at their own expense. Recent studies show that belief that happiness is not a permanent issue, but a fragile variable, is negatively correlated with experienced happiness. This means that maintaining the fragility of happiness beliefs will lead to a weakening of happiness that is accompanied by uncertainty about the likelihood of happiness. In other words, the link between the fragility of the happiness and happiness beliefs experienced depends on one's optimistic and pessimistic expectations of the future. Thus, when there is skepticism, the fragility of happiness beliefs can create a negative outlook that in turn can make it difficult to engage in targeted behaviors and even lead to a failure to understand happy emotions, and vice versa. However, the fragility of happiness beliefs can create a positive outlook that can facilitate the perception of the excitement of happiness. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the fragility of happiness beliefs and happiness experienced with the moderating role of optimism.


"Dementia is one of the major causes of disability and dependency among older people worldwide. It can be overwhelming, not only for people who have dementia, but also for their carers and families, who globally provide the majority of care and support." (World HealthOrganization, 2020). The burden of care and quality of life of family caregivers are also important issues deserving greater focus. Wang et al. found that more working hours and lower work efficiency were both associated with decreased quality of life. According to Hsiao and colleagues, art and reminiscence therapy has beneficial effects on dementia-associated agitated behaviors, which are the main causes of early institutionalization and a source of caregiver exhaustion. Meanwhile, delirium is another common issue in long-term care that is easily overlooked in intensive care units. High prevalence and incidence rates of delirium occur among older patients in intensive care units and are accompanied by adverse outcomes. Li et al. identified the incidence and risk factors of delirium in older patients, suggesting that healthcare providers should pay greater attention to sleep disturbance in their patients and the use of physical restraints in order to prevent delirium.


To the Editor:

It was recently described in Cancer Research by Laurent et al. ( [1][1]) how low molecular weight superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetics increase H2O2 levels, which in turn killed colon (CT26) and liver (Hepa 1-6) tumor cells. In contrast, the SOD mimetics stimulated proliferation of


Rustic Outdoor Furniture Patio Design During any time we need to keep Rustic Outdoor Furniture, even in winter to enjoy a snow fall. That's why it's extremely important the manner in which you decorate your garden, porch and patio. You can easily produce...


The structure, function and application condition of wide area measurement system (WAMS) for East China Power Grid were introduced. The paper also introduced the structure, function and the future development of new generation of WAMS system—wide area monitoring and analyzing and protection system (WAMAP). WAMAP can strengthen the function of data integration and real line analysis, which offer the real time and supplementary decision information of power grid with high quality for dispatching people.


Objective To observe the effect of aminophylline on ET-1,NO,collagen Ⅲ in lung tissue of airway remolding bronchial asthmatic rats. Methods 24 SD rats were randomly divided into normal group,model group,aminophylline treatment group,8 rats in each group. The bronchial asthma models were established by egg protein sensibilization and long-term inhalation provocation. The rats in treatment group,model group were lavaged with aminophylline( 35mg/kg) ,and normal saline 2ml everyday from the first time of provocation. After 4-week treatment,the rats were killed to obtain lung tissue for HE staining. The patho-image analyzer was used to determine the area of airway wall and smooth muscle. The levels of ET-1,collagen Ⅲ in lung tissue were detected by radio_immunity method,the content of NO in lung tissue was determined by nitrate reductase method. Results The area of airway wall and smooth muscle,the contents of ET-1,NO,collagen Ⅲ in lung tissue were increased in model group,as compared with those in normal group ( P 0. 01) . As compared with model group,the area of airway wall and smooth muscle in treatment group were significantly decreased( P 0. 01) ,and the contents of ET-1,NO,collagen Ⅲ in treatment group were obviously decreased ( P 0. 01 or P 0. 05) . Conclusion Aminophylline can inhibit air passage and smooth muscle thickening by decreasing the content of ET-1,NO, collagen Ⅲ in lung tissue of rats,as a result,which can restrain airway remolding in rats with bronchial asthma.


A number of groups have produced TES bolometers and other devices using dielectric membranes for thermal isolation in which excess heat capacity is reported. We have fabricated a series of TES devices using large area membranes and narrow legs for thermal isolation to study the scaling of intrinsic parameters like the heat capacity of the membrane. The devices are arranged on a single chip to ensure similarity of devices parameters (i.e., film thicknesses) and processing history. Measurements (non-multiplexed) of the current-voltage characteristic and complex impedance are made using a well-characterized, highly uniform, multichannel SQUID setup. We have developed model for non-ideal transition edge sensor performance that enables extraction of heat capacities and thermal conductances identified in the models. We report on the magnitude of excess heat capacity in the dielectric membrane and thermal conductance of the metal-to-dielectric interface in each of the designs.


Summary form only given. The reciprocal relationship between time and frequency implies that a single short laser pulse has a broad spectrum. A pulse circulating inside a laser cavity or the periodic pulse train if a mode-locked laser, however, can be described as a coherent superposition of discrete laser modes. This frequency-domain comb of modes is now providing an elegant and universal solution to the long challenging problem of how to measure the frequency of light. In a Kerr-lens mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser, each mode is injection locked by modulation sidebands of the other modes via a nonlinear refractive index. Any mode must follow this collective dictate and oscillate in precise lock-step, or it will suffer high round trip losses in a properly designed cavity. We have demonstrated experimentally that the teeth of such a frequency comb are precisely equally spaced to within a few parts in 10/sup 18/, and that their spacing is exactly given by the pulse repetition rate.


Little is known about the impact of visual impairment on the road scanning behaviour of older drivers. This study examined the eye movement patterns of older drivers with simulated blur, as well as true glaucomatous visual impairment, while performing driving-related tasks, to assist in better understanding the mechanisms underlying the elevated crash rates of visually impaired older drivers. Visual impairment from either simulated blur or glaucoma resulted in reduced laboratory-based hazard detection and closed-road driving performance, with associated alterations in eye movements. Among those with glaucoma, some of these alterations were potentially compensatory, which may facilitate improved driving-related performance.


A discontinuous Galerkin method by patch reconstruction is proposed for Stokes flows. A locally divergence‐free reconstruction space is employed as the approximation space, and the interior penalty method is adopted which imposes the normal component penalty terms to cancel out the pressure term. Consequently, the Stokes equation can be solved as an elliptic system instead of a saddle‐point problem due to such weak form. The number of degree of freedoms of our method is the same as the number of elements in the mesh for different order of accuracy. The error estimations of the proposed method are given in a classical style, which are then verified by some numerical examples.


This article dwells upon procedure for primary and exploratory analysis of data concerning programming languages popularity according to the PYPL index. Classical, but flexible methods of cluster and correlation analysis, and mathematical statistics have been used in data analysis. Examples of various researches in the field of popularity and development of programming languages have been provided, and based on open questions in this area, set of graphic results has been constructed by data analysis, which logically has resulted in conclusions regarding the selection of models and methods for further data forecasting. Integral part of the report information content consists of executable code examples in the R programming language, which can be used to conduct similar studies.


The article deals with the issues of a comprehensive business assessment comprehensive business assessment with the help of consultants and investors for the purpose of obtaining investment. Companies often focus mainly on financial indicators when developing investment projects and searching for an investor. However, the practice of preparing projects to receive investment shows that in order to make a particular investment decision, it is necessary to apply not only the financial evaluation of the project, but also its other components. The author has conducted in-depth interviews with a group of investors and based on the results has proposed an original framework for rapid assessment of the project in the process of its preparation for investment. The framework can serve as a methodological basis for working with investors on small and medium-sized business projects, and as a tool for determining the main directions of project and business development. The framework has been tested by the author on real projects and has proved to be fit for purpose.


Many studies utilizing review information to overcome the rating data sparsity obstacle in recommender systems because its abundant information and outstanding explainability. These methods consider reviews as attributes for users and items. They using aggregated review texts from a user and aggregated review texts for an item to model user and item respectively. However, on the one hand, reviews are actually a kind of interactive feature. The item-related features will be incorporated when modeling users by reviews and the same goes for modeling items. On the other hand, it's a serious challenge for them to build accurate item features because of the reviews are from a lot of users who have different preference. The same goes for building user features with all user's reviews. So it is more efficient to use review information to model the interaction characteristics between users and items. In this paper, we propose a collaborative filtering (CF) framework, Dual-Prior Review-based Matrix Factorization (DPRMF), a model integrates review information into probabilistic matrix factorization (PMF) model. DPRMF using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to generate the review text information vector and considering the review information a prior constraint of interaction between user and item. Extensive experiments on benchmark datasets of Amazon and Yelp on different domains show that the proposed DPRMF model consistently outperforms the state-of-the-art review-based recommendation approaches, including PMF, HFT, DeepCoNN and NARRE. In addition, we use word-level vector weights in the embedding layer of our CNN architecture, which help us visualize the reviews and interpretate our model more intuitive.


The following paper records experiments made to determine the magnitude of the error involved in the sampling of a soil for survey purposes. While it is not held that the results obtained are true for all localities, they serve to indicate the order of magnitude of the various errors.


Close-up photograph of the stained glass design on the inside of the dome in the Anderson County Courthouse, located at 500 N. Church in Palestine, Texas. Most of the design has plain rectangles in varying shades of brown, there is a six-pointed star in the center, surrounded by other decorative accents.


We measured the escape response performance by four species of larval fish: Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus harengus), radiated shanny (Ulvaria subbifurcata), and capelin (Mallotus villosus). The resultant data were combined with information from larval winter flounder (Pleuronectes americanus) to produce general models relating escape response performance to larval size. Three components of the escape response produced models with reasonable predictive ability, including mean and maximum speed during the response, and the distance travelled by larvae during the first 100 ms of the response (the latter representing the contribution of the C-shaped fast start that initiates the response). The logarithm of mean and maximum escape speed increased linearly with increasing larval length. The distance after 100 ms was linearly related to larval length. Our general model for mean escape speed produced significantly higher length-specific speed values than did the general model proposed by Miller et al. (T.J. Miller, L.B. Crowder, J.A. Rice, and E.A. Marschall. 1988. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 45: 1657n1670). Resume : Nous avons mesurO liefficacitO de la rOaction de fuite chez les larves de quatre poissons : la morue (Gadus morhua), le hareng (Clupea harengus harengus), liulvaire deux-lignes (Ulvaria subbifurcata) et le capelan (Mallotus


The developing synopsis and mechanism of destroying UXO and IED with high-power lasers is reviewed.Features,performances,capacities,problems and future developments of anti-UXO and anti-IED with Nd∶YAG laser,fiber laser and solid-state heat capacity laser,as well as the relevant HMMWV laser ordnance neutralization system and laser avenger are reviewed and analyzed.


ABSTRACT :The fast emerging electronic commerce and dynamicallychanging business environments are placing strongrequirements on supply chain analysis modeling andsimulation tools. Ability to model the dynamics ofsupply chain activities effectively and implementsimulation on networked and distributed computingenvironment with extensibility will be among the mostimportant capabilities of such tools. This paper describesthe design and implementation of a supply chainmodeling and simulation environment based on DEVSframework running in CORBA run time infrastructure atIBM Research. The supply chain modeling andsimulation software tool helps companies make strategicbusiness decisions about the design and operation of itssupply chain. The design requirements include scalableand efficient model execution and support for flexiblefuture extensibility based on an open industry standard. 1. Introduction The IBM Supply Chain Analyzer (SCA) [1] is amodeling and simulation software tool that can helpcompanies make strategic business decisions about thedesign and operation of its supply chain. The supplychain simulation evaluates all the components andvariables in a supply chain and helps companiesdetermine which strategies will provide the most flexibleand profitable operating environment. The SCA, with acombination of simulation and optimization functions, isdesigned to model and analyze supply chain issues suchas site location, replenishment policies, manufacturingpolicies, transportation policies, inventory levels, leadtimes, and customer. The SCA has been successfullyimplemented to provide competitive edges to its clientsranging from food industries to computer manufacturingcompanies in recent years.Although the current SCA provides advantageous supplychain modeling and optimization capabilities, it is notimplemented for parallel execution in distributedcomputing environments. It runs on a single platform(Windows NT) and is built upon SIMPROCESS [3], ageneral purpose business process simulator which is aproduct of CACI Products Company. SCA preserves allSIMPROCESS capabilities while offering additionalsupply chain functionality. However, this dependencyleads to a drawback since it is difficult to modify thedeployment of the SCA tool and it is not based on anopen industry standard.Thus the requirements for a next-generation supply chainmodeling and simulation environment should includescalable and efficient model execution and support forflexible future extensibility based on an open industrystandard. An attractive combination to meet theserequirements is the DEVS modeling and simulationframework in conjunction with the CORBA middleware.The DEVS (Discrete Event System Specification)formalism offers a sound, formal, open modeling andsimulation framework based on generic dynamic systemsconcepts. DEVS has a well-defined approach tocoupling of components, supports hierarchical, modularmodel construction, and associated repository reuse.DEVS has also been implemented as highly portableC++/Java based environment executable in bothsequential, parallel and heterogeneously distributedplatforms [7]. CORBA (Common Object Request BrokerArchitecture) is an open standard promulgated by theObject Management Group (OMG), a consortium of over700 companies[8]. CORBA is rapidly gaining acceptancedue to a thriving middleware market consisting ofbusinesses enthusiastically adopting the technology andvendors providing maturing products to support it.DEVS/CORBA[2] refers to conceptual realization of a


Purpose To analyse the immediate effect of a vocal warm-up program on children that sang in a choir by means of spectrographic analysis. Methods Experimental study consisting of 14 girls from an amateur children's choir, aged 9 to 12 years. Acoustic spectrographic analyses were performed before and after a specific vocal warm-up program, consisting of a hierarchical sequence of body exercises, respiratory and articulation training, vocal exercises, ascending and descending musical scales and facilitating sounds. The speech material for spectrographic analysis was the sustained /Ɛ:/ vowel, pre and post warm-up program. The selected acoustic parameters were instability of trace, noise at low and high frequencies, frequency bifurcation, harmonics series, presence of a hard vocal attack, pitch and voice breaks, and mean fundamental frequency. Results No significant differences were found regarding the effect of the vocal warm-up when pre and post data were compared. However, there was a negative correlation between the level of harmonics and noise in the high frequencies post warm-up. Conclusion The vocal warm-up program implemented for children that sang in choirs produced a richer acoustic spectrum that may indicate enhanced glottic closure or vocal tract adjustment.


In the context of tourism, alternative evaluation and selection is regarded as the key stage of tourism decision making process since it is of great importance for destination marketing and management performance. Rather than the traditional models in decision-making, this research focus on an important element of decision making termed as choice heuristic since it is always ignored in previous studies or taken for granted as a fixed type (i.e. weight additive choice heuristic).


AIM :
The aim of this study was to comparatively evaluate the sealing ability and cytotoxicity
of Bone cement, MTA and Biodentine as retro filling material.
MATERIALS AND METHODS :
SEALING ABILITY -
Fifty sound maxillary central incisors were chemico-mechanically prepared and
obturated. Three millimeters of root end were resected and 3 mm retro cavity
preparation was done using ultrasonic retro tips. The samples were divided into five
groups of ten specimens each; Group A-Bone Cement, Group B-MTA and Group CBiodentine,
Group D- Positive Control, Group E- Negative Control. After retrofilling,
the teeth were stored in humidifier and later coated with nail varnish except at apical 1
mm. After drying the specimens, they were immersed in 0.5% Rhodamine –B dye for
48 hours. The teeth were rinsed under water for 5 minutes and sectioned longitudinally.
All the samples were evaluated under LSM 510 Meta confocal microscope for
determining the dye penetration in micrometers.
CYTOTOXICITY -
Bone cement, MTA, Biodentine was evaluated for cytotoxicity by preparing their
extracts and incubated at 37°C under control humidified atmosphere in an incubator for
24 hours till they set. The set materials were immersed in Dulbecco Modified Eagle
culture medium for 24 hours. L929 mouse fibroblasts cultured in Dulbecco Modified
Eagle medium were used as control group. The extracts of test materials were then
separated and tested in culture wells in close proximity to growing cell culture and
incubated for 24 hours. Cytotoxicity was estimated by MTT assay where the optical
density was absorbed at 540 nm and evaluated under inverted phase contrast
microscope. All statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 16 using Anova and
Post-hoc test.
RESULTS: Evaluation of sealing ability revealed that the mean micro leakage was
significantly higher in MTA followed by Bone cement and least with Biodentine.
Evaluation of cytotoxicity of three different cements revealed that the cell viability of
Biodentine was greater than Bone cement followed by MTA.
CONCLUSION : Bone cement provided an excellent seal and biocompatibility and at
the same time it provided comfortable handling properties, which could overcome
potential disadvantages as faced with MTA. Thus promising it a good retrograde
cement which can be used in future. However Biodentine remains to be the best in
terms of both sealing ability and biocompatibility when compared with other two
cements.


indication of this is correct but it contains only a list of the titles of each exhibit! In the preface the emphasis is on recent work but there are quite a number of references between 1950 and 1963. Each quoted reference is neither in alphabetical order of author, nor in date order, but only in a peculiar grouping of key words of difficult utilization. Some of the abstracts of each quoted paper extend over one page while others are only three or four lines. Some are just reproductions of abstracts of communications in a journal, as originally printed, while others are partly digested. The many omissions are difficult to detect because of the complexity of indexing but important papers seem to be entirely forgotten. The reviewer finds it difficult to understand what group of readers might benefit in purchasing this book, although the serious student of EEG might like to check the clarity of some of the summaries. The most useful part of this book seems to be the list of 'supplemental references' which covers 25 pages, even if some of them have really nothing to do with the alpha rhythm. In this clutch of paperbacks, Freud's biography and Argyle's work are outstandingly valuable. Ernest Jones' trilogy described Freud's life as an epic, with 'affectionate objectivity'. This 1961 one-volume abridgement is still a good guide to how 'the chaste and puritanical Freud' became (in Auden's phrase) part of the air we breathe. The guide is frankly biased; he was the only foreigner in the group of orthodox psychoanalytical faithful. Critical accounts of Freud multiply, and his correspondence reveals more as it is published piecemeal; but here Jones gives a moving account of the hero he knew, and his long struggles, sufferings, and achievements. Freud's aims for his clients were 'to love and to work'. Very different however, is the approach in Michael Argyle's scholarly survey. Empirical rather than speculative, he covers a vast field and yet remains readable. Any working doctor who wants to understand some of the best available knowledge about work and its problems, will find Argyle's book of the utmost relevance. Rosemary Haughton ably and wittily surveys some of the attitudes to love in the work of anthropologists , novelists and others. Stardom is an entertaining narrative of the creation of stars and anti-stars as seen by a distinguished film critic. The Medvedev's book is a reminder …


Ingrown toenail is a common problem, and currently available treatments are either quite invasive or associated with unacceptably high recurrence rate. Recently a new non‐invasive therapy, "Nail splinting", has been introduced. In this procedure, the nail is splinted with a longitudinally incised plastic tube. We conducted the present study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this procedure in fifty patients (68 nail edges in 61 nails) with ingrown toenails at all stages. The pain disappeared almost immediately, and inflammation subsided in about one week in all nail edges. Thirty‐nine patients came for regular follow‐up for six months after removal of the tube. Eight (20.5%) of these patients showed recurrence of the problem. No serious side effects were noted.


A mononuclear copper(II) complex of 1-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-N-(tetrahydrofuran-2ylmethyl)methanamine) was synthesized and characterized by various physicochemical techniques like cyclic voltammetry and elemental analysis, ESI-MS, UV–Visible, Infra red and EPR spectroscopy. The antibacterial activities of the ligand and its complex were screened by disc diffusion method and found that the metal complexes have higher antimicrobial activity than the free ligand.


HALOTHANE has some depressant effects on circulation and respiration. To minimize these, Hudon and Jacques (1958) suggested the addition of diethyl ether. The following study was carried out to determine whether a mixture of halothane and ether produced any gross alterations in acidbase balance, electrolyte balance, cardiac rhythm and circulatory dynamics in patients undergoing prolonged operations, and whether such a mixture provided satisfactory anaesthetic conditions.


Memorandum suggesting study to modify previously issued War Department instruction prohibiting employment of persons of Japanese ancestry in any Army establishment.


This is the second of four co-written papers for the Advancing Practice series. In our first paper published in The Practising Midwife July 2023 issue, we explored patient safety in maternity and midwifery care. Here, we discuss 'Human Factors and Ergonomics' within healthcare, maternity and midwifery. The reflection points throughout this Advancing Practice piece are adapted from the NHS Education for Scotland's Safety Culture Discussion Cards.1 In this paper, we hope to support midwives' understanding of the current maternity safety landscape via a Human Factors perspective.


In article a new method of text label recognition systems parametric optimization is offered. Algorithms lists of solutions control parameters are optimized. The method requires low computational capability in comparison with direct calculation of optimality criteria of each parameters combination. Experiment results of working recognition system optimization are described.


The primary aim of this exploratory study was to explore how occupational therapy clinicians define 'research' in conceptual and operational terms. The secondary aim of this study was to identify observable and measurable indicators of research which could be used in structured instruments for further study of clinician research involvement. An opportunistic sample of 26 clinicians participated. A self report, open-ended question survey was used to explore clinician perspectives. Content analysis of data revealed a wide range of categories describing and explaining definitions of research, the way in which these definitions were formulated, and other factors associated with the term research such as the role of researcher, issues personally affecting clinicians and aspects of the environment. Recommendations for further research are made.


This paper reviews taxonomy, importance and diseases of pepper plants belonging to Capsicum genus. Five species of the genus are domesticated, Capsicum annuum being the most cultivated species followed by C. chinense and C. frutescens while C. baccatum and C. pubescens are grown in limited areas of some regions. Review of the available literature data has shown that more than 122 species of microorganisms can cause pepper diseases, including >58 species of fungi, 11 oomycetes, 15 bacteria, 32 viruses, > 6 species of nematodes, and some higher parasitic plants. From these 18 species of fungi, 2 oomycetes, one bacterium, two viruses, one root-knot nematode, two species of each of dodder and broomrape have been recorded in Uzbekistan. However, all of these organisms but one powdery mildew fungus has been registered on other than pepper plants. Previously the authors of the current paper have found that deadly crown rot of both sweet and hot peppers caused by Fusarium oxysporum (supposedly f. sp. radici-capsici) occurred widely in six districts of Uzbekistan.


In this article, I will discuss I-Ching theory of Hsiung, Shih Li. Huang Li-hsing had also discussed the same topic before, however I think some of this opinions were questionable. For instance, Huang criticised Hsiung for using his own private views in explaining the classics, and was of opinions that Hsiung's opinions could not form a complete system. On this issue, I will discuss the inadequacy of Huang's criticism from three angles, i.e. (1) Hsiung's stand on the motivation behind Confucios authorship of I-Ching, (2) To analyse the core of "unity between essence and action"", in subsequently re-examine Huang's criticism on Wang Chuan-shan, (3) To study the contents and foundations of Hsiung's theory, its meanings and value, in order to appreciate its prommence and distinction.
On the other hand, the weakness in Hsiung's contention are (l) he distorted the original meaning of "Shih-chi'' in "Si- Tze", (2) his ideology of revolution and democracy has a misallocated structure and meaning, while at the same time he failed to explain properly the balance between democracy and equality.
However, Hsiung's ideology's academic values are (l) he emphasized the idea of 'Ren-ti', especially he explained 'Chi'using action, although his stand was close to Cheng, Ming Tao's advocated monism, (2) Hsiung's theory insisted that equality, revolution and democracy are based on the concept of structural level. The above two points were the characters of Hsiug's practical-theory.


With the promotion of commercialization and marketing day by day, the culture of film and television
quickly find its way into people's heart with special affinity. It not only rebuilds audience's modes of thinking and
judgments of value, but also leads its social position to the diversified direction and diverts from its original track
little by little. Thus it produces transformation during its evolutionary course. This kind of transformation in the
culture of film and television is renected in following three aspects: transformation in the culture, transformation in
the value of product, transformation in the ideology.


The demise of military regime in Nigeria has, unarguably, reshaped the literary sensibility of recent Nigerian writers. The euphoria which greeted the advent of civil rule had given a vain hope of utopia which, unequivocally, created an erroneous impression in them. Although their earlier counterparts were not impressed, new writers began to churn out works which privileged erotic satisfaction over cultural re-awakening. Having imbibed the mentality of Western society, albeit uncritically, they became the unofficial mouthpiece of a society whose norms is at variance with theirs! The thrust of this paper, therefore, is the need to checkmate abysmal application of non-Nigerian rhetoric in reading the poetic of recent Nigerian writers. In line with the Afrocentric theoretical assumption, it denounces any critical polemic which negates the quest for development and socio-cultural rejuvenation. It asserts that only the inculcation of the core tenets of African values is apposite for the interpretation of African texts and, invariably, to advance development for the nation. Against the backdrop of untoward consequences of wholesale implantation of 'hostile' canon into Nigerian literary landscape, it calls for its inversion which can only guarantee national rebirth. Key words: Military regime, literary, civil rule, utopia, erotic satisfaction, Afrocentric.


The authors highlight the key themes that emerged from a review of the columns that appeared in Volume 108 and Volume 109 of the journal.


Zhang Jian had the most concern about the education. He put forward the concept that "education is the father, industry is the mother". In his hometown of Nantong, he set up nearly four hundred of schools of several types and at different levels. Zhang Jian first proposed that we should make the students develop in moral, intellectual and physical factors in Chinese modern history of education. In the practice, he has always insisted on the equal status position between physical education and other subjects. Every school had playground and every school had physical education.At the same time, he also created a valiant record in the sport for all.


The paper presents the study results of high-manganese steel for mining machinery. It considers the methods of hardening 110Г13Л low-phosphorus steel by additional alloying. The last has been performed by the introduction of strong carbide-stabilizing elements (titanium, chromium) that create new crystallization centers and thus, increase steel wear resistance. Modified steel has demonstrated higher operational durability that makes it one of the in-demand for the mining machines operating in complex geological conditions.


Combined with the application of girder transporter in the construction of Shanghai-Hangzhou Passenger Dedicated Line,the pollution of hydraulic system of YL900 girder transporter was studied.Through watching the main symptoms and analyzing the causes of the pollution,the solution to pollution of hydraulic system of girder transporter was put forward,which could provide reference for design,manufacturing and application of girder transporter.


Harris v. Albrecht, 86 P. 3d 728 (Utah Supreme Court--February 6, 2004) A recent Utah Supreme Court case illustrates that despite the many general pronouncements suggesting broad agent or broker liability, successful litigation against an agent that fails to "pick up and run with" a request for insurance is no easy matter. In this case, the erstwhile policyholder, who had a nearly 10-year relationship with the agent for personal lines of insurance, broached the subject of obtaining a business policy for his architectural firm. The conversation, at least as accepted for purposes of deciding the agent's summary judgment motion, involved the business owner telling the agent "to place business and fire coverage on [his] equipment and the contents [of his office]." With the agent replying that "he would come out and look at [the] equipment." See Harris v. Albrecht, 86 P. 3d 728, 730 (Utah 2004). Sure enough, disaster struck and lead to litigation. On December 31, 1997 [several months after the conversation] a fire destroyed the building housing Harris' [the putative policyholder] architectural firm. The losses totaled $1,143,855.50. Harris attributed $940,000 to the loss of architectural plans and other valuable papers. While watching the building burn, Harris called Albrecht [the agent] and asked: "You placed that [business] coverage we talked about, didn't you?" Albrecht replied: "We talked about it Ken, but we never did anything about it." See 86 P. 3d at 730. Harris sued Albrecht alleging that Albrecht had a duty to procure the requested business insurance. Albrecht won via summary judgment at the trial court. The Utah Court of Appeals reversed. By a unanimous vote, the Utah Supreme Court found as a matter of law that agent Albrecht (who worked for State Farm) had not entered into a contract to procure insurance both because Albrecht's promise was limited to initiating the process by inspecting the property to be insured and because the brief conversation did not provide Albrecht with the minimum elements essential for forming an insurance agreement: time of risk, scope of risk, policy limit, and premium. The Utah Supreme Court appears to have regarded it as essential for the agent to know whether there had been prior losses in connection with the property as well as the property's valuation; and any other business-specific information required to underwrite the risk of property damage and business interruption for the architectural firm. In short, there was no "meeting of the minds" sufficient to form either an oral contract of insurance or a contract to procure insurance of a certain configuration. See 86 P. 3d at 730-33 ("In the present case, Albrecht did not have sufficiently definite directions from Harris to consummate the final insurance contract.") (Also finding that Albrecht's prior relationship with Harris in connection with auto, home, boat, and recreational vehicle policies did not provide Albrecht sufficient information to fill gaps or supplement the request for business insurance. …


Thanks to recent advances in adaptation algorithms, it is now possible to give robots the ability to discover by trial-and-error the best way to behave in unexpected situations, instead of relying on contingency plans. In this paper, we describe the kinematic and mechatronic design of the Creadapt robot, a new mobile robot designed to take full advantage of these recent adaptation algorithms. This robot is a versatile wheel-legged hexapod designed for both legged and wheeled locomotion. It is reversible to be able to continue its mission if it flips over and it uses 6 legs to be able to move efficiently if one or several legs break. This robot also embeds two RGB-D cameras to estimate its velocity onboard, thanks to a RGB-D visual odometry algorithm. Overall, the Creadapt robot is one of the first mobile robot designed with adaptation algorithms in mind.


Introduction Urine contains most of the excreted nutrients that can be recovered as fertiliser. By characterizing urine and its nutrients as having value, VUNA is promoting hygiene and sanitation, the production of locally available fertiliser, and reducing the environmental pollution caused by uncontrolled nutrient discharge into the environment [1]. Although urine separation has been an Eawag research topic for almost two decades, it was the sanitation programme launched by the eThekwini Municipality in South Africa, which encompasses the extended Durban Metropolitan area, that triggered the first large -scale field study. In 2003, the eThekwini Municipality chose urine diverting dehydration toilets (UDDTs) to provide households in peri-urban areas with sanitation because high costs and low water availability prohibited the installation of conventional sewerbased wastewater management. In 2010, nearly 80 000 UDDTs were installed in periurban eThekwini, which quickly prompted the need for adequate urine treatment.


AbstractThis study presents the analysis of a hybrid solar high-altitude, long-endurance unmanned aerial vehicle (HALE UAV) designed to perform meteorological observation and surveillance-related m...


The 110/11kV zone substation concept which is now well established for urban environments brings with it the problems of large capacity, high voltage substations in residential areas. This paper reviews current design practices and discusses new developments that have taken place since the first of these substations was designed some 6 years ago. Topics considered include electrical configuration, fault current limitation and voltage control, transformer handling and noise enclosures, gas insulated switchgear, protection, and a fully integrated control system using microprocessor-based equipment.


This paper introduces the ideas of biocompatibility and biodegradation of ferrofluids used in medicine, and points out that any one of three compositions(magnetic nanoparticles ,carrier liquids and surfactants) must be biocompatible and biodegrading. It reviews the recent medical applications of ferrofluids from eight aspects as follow: magnetic separation of cells of cancer patients, tumor treatment by sealing tumor cells with nano magnetic particles, ferrofluids hyperthermia in human body induced by alternating magnetic field, image contrast agent of X-ray and NMR, magnetic targeting medicine ,magnetic tracer and measurement of blood flow.


The purpose of the article is to study some issues of the implementation of the forms of direct democracy in our country. The current legal regulations, and the approaches, both existing in theory and internationally accepted, to the above-mentioned forms were touched upon in the course of the study. The article reflects the conclusions made as a result of the study.


To provide a container holder assembly for use in a drug delivery device. Container holder assembly includes an elongate tubular body in the axial direction. The tubular body includes a distal end to the proximal end and an opposite, and a holding member which is releasably disposed in said tubular body for securing the elongated container disposed within the tubular body. The holding member includes a structure in which a resilient capable of applying an axial force to the tubular body of the container to hold the container in a fixed position in the tubular body portion. Holding member and the tubular body, respectively, it comprises a first and second fixing means capable of holding members to achieve the mutual mechanical connection to be secured to the tubular body.