A rationale is presented for Monod′s biochemical kinetics which has hitherto been viewed as purely empirical. It is shown here that this expression, which continues to be used by modelers of biochemical processes, has indeed an origin that relates to the detailed treatment of metabolism. This rationale originates from the resolution of the metabolic network into so-called elementary modes and assumes steady state for every metabolite in each elementary mode.


: Although people with severe mental disorders are quite large in Indonesia, but public mental health literacy isn't good enough. KalawaAteiMental Hospital attempts to enhance mental health literacy of patients' families through education,butresults aren't as expected. Mental health literacy isn't implemented by patients' families for various reasons. The social actions of healthcare workersto educate patient's family need to be focusedin order to enhance mental health literacy. Healthcareworkers have freedom to choosemethods, tools, techniques and goals. The objectives of this studyare as follows: to describemental health literacy problems of patient's family, to describe goals of healthcare workers, to understand rationality of social actions of healthcare workers, to understand the selection of methods, tools and techniques. This study was conductedused a qualitative approach and phenomenologystudy. Data were collected through interviews, observations and documentations. This study wasconducted at both intensive careand inpatient facilities.Subjectsof study werepurposefully selected. Data were analyzed using Creswell's techniques as follows managing, reading and memoing, describing, classifying, interpreting, representing and visualizing.


Objective To evaluate the quantity and functions of multiple viral epitope-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes(CTLs) in peripheral blood of individuals with HIV1 infection by tetramers,ELISPOT and ICCS.Methods Three HLA class I-restricted HIV-1 epitope-specific tetramers were used to evaluate circulating specific CD+_8T cells in 14 HIV-1 infected subjects with positive HLA-A2 who were screened from 46 HIV-1 carriers using flow cytometry analyses.ELISPOT and intracellular cytokine staining(ICCS) assays were simultaneously employed to evaluate IFN-γ-producing CTLs of of PBMC from HIV-1 carriers through pulsation with SL9 peptide in vitro incubation.Results CTLs in circulating CD+_8T cells were positively identified in 11 of 14 HIV-1individuals by HIV-1 Gag SL9 epitope tetramer,in 10 of 14 cases by HIV-1 Pol IV9 epitope tetramer,and in 5 of 7 by HIV-1 Pol YI9 epitope tetramer.The relative percentages of the three HIV-1 Gag SL9-,Pol IV9-and Pol YI9peptide spectific CTLs identified by the tetramers were 0.06%~3.27%,0.05%~0.57% and 0.09%~0.66%,respectively.High frequencies of circulating HIV-specific CD+_8T cells were observed in some patients with a broad spectrum of plasma viral load.However,the ELISPOT and ICCS of IFN-γ analyses showed that more than 95% of these HIV-1-specific CTLs were functionally impaired.Conclusion Our study suggests that HIV-1 epitope-specific tetramer staining is a sensitive assay to quantify epitope-specific CTLs in individuals with HIV-1 infection,while the ELISPOT and ICCS assays are practicable tools to evaluate the function of the CTLs.Combination of these three assays may increase accuracy for the evaluation of the quantity and function of epitope-specific CTLs against HIV-1,which will help us to investigate the property and alteration of HIV-1-specific CTL in patients with chronic HIV-1 infection.


On studying the enzymatic profile of serum muscle specific enzymes (ALT, AST, LDH and CPK) in two sheep flocks one free while the other was endemic with stiff lamb disease it was found that: (1) Serum muscle specific enzymes levels were significantly increased in lambs of the endemic flock when compared with those from the non-endemic one. (2) Vitamin E and selenium administration was followed by significant decrease in enzymes levels in subclinically affected lambs of the endemic flock, while no changes occurred in lambs of the control, non-endemic flock one-week after administration. (3) Lambs in the endemic flock were born with relatively high serum enzyme levels, which began to increase significantly and gradually from the second week of life and up, reaching maximum levels at the fourth week of age. At this age, most of the lambs began to show typical symptoms of the disease. (4) Clinical improvement accompanied with pronounced drop in levels of these enzymes occurred after treatment with vitamin E and selenium preparation in clinically affected lambs. # 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.


Free radicals are produced by x-irradiation in substituted barbituric acid derivatives by the selective abstraction of one of two groups on C(5) of the pyrimidine ring, leaving the unpaired electron localized on C(5). An ESR analysis of irradiated single crystals and polycrystalline samples of 5-methylbarbituric acid, 5-hydroxy-5-methylbarbituric acid, 5-hydroxy-5-ethylbarbituric acid and 5-ethyl-5-methylbarbituric acid leads to the following ordering for the ease of abstracting the various groups: $-{\rm H}\gg -{\rm CH}_{2}{\rm CH}_{3}\gg -{\rm CH}_{3}$ $-{\rm OH}>-{\rm CH}_{2}{\rm CH}_{3}$ $-{\rm OH}>{\rm CH}_{3}$ The abstraction of the ethyl group involves an intermediate radical $-\dot{{\rm C}}{\rm HCH}_{3}$ formed by abstraction of hydrogen from the ethyl. It is postulated that the ethyl group is subsequently removed as ethene. Hyperfine coupling and g-value principal values are presented for those radicals not previously reported.


ASEAN is Guangxi's biggest trading partner.With the establishment of China-ASEAN Free Trade Area,Guangxi-ASEAN trade develops by leaps and bounds.Based on the analysis of the present status of Guangxi-ASEAN trade,the article finds out the problems in the trade between Guangxi and ASEAN,and presents some suggestions for promoting sustainable trade development.


The Effect of a Diet Supplemented with Flaxseed Oil on the Lipid Content and Fatty Acid Profile of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Muscle Tissue


The existing marketing activities under the e-commerce platform have many complex marketing rules, frequent updates of marketing activities, and difficulties in managing the marketing program, which affects the economic efficiency of the company. This paper proposes a marketing activity solution based on the rule engine Drools, which provides merchants with a configurable implementation method of marketing activities and facilitates merchants to set and modify marketing rules. On this basis, design and develop the enterprise marketing system under the e-commerce platform, the main functions of which include merchant management, marketing program management, commodity trading, electronic reconciliation, etc. The enterprise marketing system based on the rule engine Drools can effectively support the development of complex marketing activities and improve the economic benefits of enterprises CCS CONCEPTS • Information systems→ Information systems applications.


Soil transmitted helminth (STH) infections is kind of helminth infection which transmitted by contact with warm and moist soil especially affect the farmer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the profile of STH infection and the intensity of STH infection among farmers in Gelgel Village, Klungkung, Bali. The cross sectional study was conducted in Gelgel Village, Klungkung District, Bali and obtained stool and quitionaires from farmers by informed consent. Kato-Katz technique was used to diagnose the STH infection and to determine the intensity of infection based on the number of eggs per gram feces (EPG). Total 162 stool samples were collected from farmers aged 25-80 years, 22 farmers was positive of STH infection and 140 farmers was negative of STH infection. The result showed prevalence of STH infection was 13,5%, single infection of A. lumbricoides was 1.85%, 9.26% of T. trichiura single infection, and 0.61% of Hookworm single infection. The mixed infection was detected that were 1.23% of  A. lumbricoides with T. trichiura, and 0.61% of A. lumbricoides  with Hookworm. STH infection is the health problem among farmer. The farmer must be admitted antihelminthic drugs for preventing and eleminating STH infection.


Based on real time and accuracy required in the active power filter (APF) when detecting distortion current, a new method for three-phase distortion current detection is proposed, in which three neurons are used to process the detection. The variable step-size LMS algorithm is adopted to control the three neurons. With this method, the simulation results show that the proposed detection method is feasible and the variable step-size LMS algorithm can improve the real time and accuracy performance. The proposed detection method is proved to meet the two requirements of active power filter.


In TeV T-ray astronomy, large mirrors are used to collect Cerenkov light from electromagnetic cascades in the atmosphere in order to obtain low energy thresholds. The flux sensitivity of TeV T-ray detectors is limited by background due to Cerenkov light bursts from isotropic, cosmic-ray showers which are much more numerous than T-ray showers. It has recently been established that most of this background can be eliminated on the basis of the shapes of Cerenkov light images on the focal plane of a telescope. In order for this technique to work, the light collector must have adequate resolution over a relatively wide field of view. In this paper, the optical characteristics of the 10 m reflector used in the imaging detection of the Crab Nebula are examined and contrasted with those of a standard parabolic design. This 1Om reflector has a unique (Davies-Cotton) design with small spherical facet mirrors placed on spherical support structure with radius equal to exactly l/2 the curvature radius of the facet mirrors. The off-axis focusing properties of this type of telescope have not been examined previously.


Interest in thin sheet flows has recently been renewed due to their potential application in space radiators. Theoretical and experimental studies of the fluid dynamics and stability of thin liquid sheet flows have been carried out in this thesis. A computer program was developed to determine the cross-sectional shape of the edge cylinder given the cross-sectional area of the edge cylinder. A stability analysis was performed on a non-planer liquid sheet. A study was conducted to determine the effects of air resistance on the sheet.


Multi-cutter turning systems bear huge potential in increasing cutting performance. In this study we show that the stable parameter region can be extended by the optimal tuning of system parameters. The optimal parameter regions can be identified by means of stability charts. Since the stability boundaries are highly sensitive to the dynamical parameters of the machine tool, the reliable exploitation of the so-called stability pockets is limited. Still, the lower envelope of the stability lobes is an appropriate upper boundary function for optimization purposes with an objective function taken for maximal material removal rates. This lower envelope is computed by the Robust Stability Computation method presented in the paper. It is shown in this study, that according to theoretical results obtained for optimally tuned cutters, the safe stable machining parameter region can significantly be extended, which has also been validated by machining tests.Copyright © 2015 by ASME


ABSTRACT This study investigated the impact of the factors of age and length of stay on recidivism for two hundred and twenty-eight male juvenile offenders. These boys, who were between the ages of 12 and 18, were residents at Elk Hill Farm in Goochland, Virginia. Elk Hill Farm is a private, non-profit, institution for troubled youth which utilizes a quality, multi-faceted treatment program that includes the following components; a peer group model, an aftercare program, a special education school, wilderness therapy and parent groups. From 1976 to the present these boys have been followed from the time of their release. A Success Rate Index, which divides the number of months that the boys are reincarcerated after leaving the program into the total number of months since leaving that program, was used to analyze this follow-up information. Longer stays and older boys at Elk Hill Farm appeared to lessen the likelihood of later incarceration. Thus it would appear that social and emotional growth, a quality...


While the need for FD! has necessitated a tremendous increase in Bilateral Investment Treaties all over the world, there are different opinions about the desirability for Multilateral Investment Treaty. While the "globalisation school" advocates for the conclusion of MAI, the "internalisation school" is against it advocating policy autonomy for the sovereign countries and pointing to development needs of the developing countries. Earlier these agruments in investment area were put forward in relation to issues like expropriation, stability of contract, compensation, etc. which have now got settled in international law. But there are new issues like right to market access to foreign investors, extent of regulatory powers of host country, performance requirements and investment incentives and code of conduct for multinational corporations which are yet to be settled and will be important issues in any negotiation for MAI. The paper studies the trend of international law on foreign investment as it is growingfrom customary international law developed by bilateral investment treaties and various legal writings into a more legislative law by various regional investment agreements and endeavours for a Multilateral Investment Treaty now under WTO. Various suggestions regarding a prospective MAI under the WTO have been discussed.


Disangmukh wetlands are an agglomeration of few wetlands beside the levee region of River Brahmaputra where the tributary Disang meets the Mighty Brahmaputra. The present study examines the physic-chemical properties of water and sees the relationship between water quality and the aquatic macrophytes in the Disangmukh wetland of Assam. The samples of plants and water were collected from four sites of Disangmukh wetland namely Ronga Garh, Rongmon, Kaziranga and Longsai beel. The plant's samples were collected using the quadrat sampling method with 1 square meter and the diversity has been calculated using the Shannon Diversity Index (SDI) (H = -?s [(Pi) x ln (Pi)]). The results show the highest SDI at Longsai beel (2.58) and it was followed by Rongmon beel (2.2), Ronga Garh beel (2.13) and Kaziranga beel (2.11). DO, ORP and TDS shows a positive correlation with plant diversity.


itinto external andinternal information processing. Previous information processing isfocused onexternal inInthis paper wehavedeveloped astatistical study to formation processing. Cognitive informatics isgoing to approximate thevalue ofthetwomostaccepted param- research ontheinternal information processing mechaeters asmaintemporal factors within theconsolidation nisms andnatural intelligence inthebrain. Itisexpected process. Acomparative study about thetimeelapsed be- that theinvestigation into cognitive informatics will retweenthefirst andthesecond rehearsals whenmemo- sult infundamental findings towards theintelligence rising alist ofirregular verbs hasbeenresearched to essence andnewgeneration ofinformation technology reach thegoalofestimating theoptimum value forthis [19, 20]. Comparing withcomputer system, thebrain parameter, aswell astheperformance ofsleeping time issameashardware andthemindlooks like software. effect. Themindcontains perception, rational, consciousness Thecognitive modelofthememory hasbeenfor- andemotion. Cognitive informatics will investigate bamally specified andstudied byTimed-Arc Petri Nets sicissues, suchaslearning, memory, thought, language, therefore thetimeparameters labelling thetransitionsandneural computing. whichconnect theS(hort) T(erm) M(emory) place with Adeep study ofCognitive Informatics hastotake adeither theL(ong) T(erm) M(emory) ortheLosing places vantage ofsomeother mature fields. Whenspecifying hecome really important. Moreover opposite theorigi- oranalyzing aretheaimsofanstudy oversomecogninalspecification wherethis parameter only depends on tiveprocess, Formal Models asProcess Algehras, Petri thetimehetween twoconsecative rehearsals, thesleep- Nets, MarkovChains andsomeothers provide very useing timearises asanother mportantfactfor optimizing fulframeworks forthedeveloping ofasoundstudy. In theconsolidation process. theliterature canhefound several applications ofthese A valeforthis parameter isfinally provided and models, RTPA[16,17]represents Extended Process Althis allows tohetter determine theformal modelforthe gehra veryadequate forthese purposes. Inthis line has memorization process and, helped withthefeatare of eenpresented andusedSTOPA[6, 9]asanother proenahbing, disahiing andkilling transitions areally good cessalgehra inwhich timeelapsing canherepresented modelforitispresented.


Olives (Olea europaea cv. Picual) used for oil production were stored for 60 days at three different temperatures (ambient, 5 °C, and 8 °C) in containers used for fruit storage, each with a capacity for 64 kg of olives. The quality of both the fruits and the oils extracted from these fruits was analyzed. Fruit storage at 5 °C maintained the initial sensorial and chemical qualities of the oil for 45 days, but at 8 °C, these qualities were maintained for only 15 days. At room temperature, these qualities deteriorated just after 7 days of storage. Keywords: Olea europaea; postharvest; refrigeration; cold storage


Base materials that meet specifications are getting more difficult to get in many regions of the United States. As a result, higher quality materials have to be hauled long distances. This act would significantly increase the costs associated with roadway construction and subsequent maintenance and rehabilitation. Low quality or out-of-specification materials are usually available from local sources. If through appropriate treatment of the materials or/and structural design, the optimum use of local materials can be permitted, the construction can be accelerated and significant monetary benefits can be realized. Under many current specifications, a material can be considered low-quality for a variety of reasons such as inadequate gradation, inadequate plasticity, and inadequate strength. In many cases, the local base supplies miss the specifications by small margins. Since the criteria set in most of current specifications are experienced-based, some of the criteria used to classify a base material may be less significant than others. This paper presents a test protocol for the use of low quality flexible base materials based on the test results of materials from eight local pits in Texas to document how a low-quality material can be used on low-volume roads and still get a quality foundation layer.


The problem of estimation of parameters using small samples of Wiener process values observed in the presence of noise is considered. Two versions of the maximum likelihood method are implemented as well as a combination of methods of maximum likelihood and of moments. A new hybrid method is proposed based on concepts of method of moments. Statistical modeling is applied to investigate the proposed method and to compare it with several other methods of similar purpose.


Enhanced performance of CdS/CdTe polycrystalline heterojunction solar cells has been observed following post-deposition chemical and temperature processing. However, correlation of the effects of the CdCl/sub 2/ and 300/spl deg/-500/spl deg/C treatments with the resulting film properties seems to vary with the origin of the material. This paper examines and compares the effects of these treatments on the physical, structural, chemical, compositional, and electro-optical properties of polycrystalline CdTe films produced by sputtering, close-spaced sublimation, physical vapor deposition and metallo-organic chemical vapor deposition. The chemical and heat treatments are shown to decrease Cd-vacancy levels (PL measurements) and quench deep electronic levels (DLTS). These defect level determinations are correlated with increases in the minority-carrier lifetimes. Differences in grain growth and densification are reported for various deposition techniques. The possibility of grain boundary passivation associated with Cl and oxygen diffusion at that defect is reported. Atomic-force microscopy (AFM) is used to investigate nanostructural differences among the films, especially the presence of small grains in the vicinity of grain boundaries. The change in structure in these intergrain regions and annihilation of these <300-/spl Aring/ grains following processing are observed and correlated with the passivation and change of electronic defect levels.<<ETX>>


With the development of distributed clean energy, the DC grid system begins to highlight its advantages. Based on the virtual motor theory, the control strategy of a DC power converter is proposed. The DC side adopts the virtual DC motor control to enhance the system's inertia and damping and improve the stability of the DC grid system. Then, the power converter in the DC grid system is designed, and the mathematical model of virtual motor control is established. Finally, for a typical DC grid system, the simulation results using software verify the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed technical path of DC power grid, providing a new technology roadmap for the research of DC power grid and power converter.


In the twenty first century, there has been a growing awareness towards the necessity of empowering women in order to improve their socio-economic status. This has been a trend that has continued throughout the century. Role of Media is vital in empowerment as it has a wide and easy access. It has been involved in empowering woman in India. The present article tries to find out various means for the empowerment of woman, its impact on the socioeconomic status of woman; the factors affecting their improvement. It also tries to identify the challenges to empower the woman. Radio and television are the most commonly used information sources for women. The media is supposed to make steady progress in educating women and making them aware of their potential to do better, to be empowered, and to stand up for their rights and for themselves wherever they may be in the world. In rural and less urban areas of the country, the media serves as a powerful source of inspiration for women. The positive aspects of the empowerment of woman provided in the media programmes need to be fore grounded. The present paper places for the consideration of the readers, what are the current issues and problems with regard to the Indian woman and media.


Analyzes data from 11 national fertility surveys to determine whether there is any relationship between desired family size and contraceptive use. Although there is great variation between countries in the level of contraceptive use there is a remarkably consistent relationship in all the countries between fertility preferences and contraceptive practice: women who want no more children are far more likely to be using a birth control method than are women who do want more even after other factors such as wifes age age at marriage urban-rural residence educational attainment and number of living sons have been controlled for. Although the relationship is meaningful the authors point out that in all countries many women who did not want more children were not practicing contraception. The proportion ranges from 93% in Pakistan to 34% in Panama and exceeds 50% in all but 4 of the countries surveyed. (Authors)


This article presents a methodology to describe digital circuits from register transfer level to system level. When designing systems it encapsulates the functionality of several modules and also encapsulates the connections between those modules. To achieve these results, the possibilities of Algorithmic State Machines (ASM charts) have been extended to develop a compiler. Using this approach, a System-on-a-Chip (SoC) design becomes a set of linked boxes where several special boxes encapsulate the connections between modules. The compiler processes all required boxes and files, and then generates the corresponding HDL code, valid for simulation and synthesis. A small SoC example is shown.


A group of multibacillary patients is clearly at high risk for relapse following 2-yr WHO-MDT. Relapse is largely confined to BL or LL patients with a high BI initially, and occurs long after the discontinuation of therapy. This important group of patients at risk for treatment failure presents several important issues: the need to identify those at risk and the operational requirements needed for their long term follow-up. Also, this group of patients might well benefit from an alternative antimicrobial regimen from the outset, as well as upon relapse.


Disturbances,especially large and infrequent disturbances are usually understood as events that disrupt the equilibrium state of an ecosystem by producing abrupt changes in its structural and functional characteristics that may persist for decades to centuries.Earthquake,as a typical catastrophic disturbance event,plays an important role in several ecological processes by partially or completely removing the vegetation layer.The Wenchuan Earthquake(Richter scale 8) on May 12,2008 in southwestern China caused widespread ecosystem damages in Longmenshan area.It is important to evaluate the natural vegetation recovery process and provide basic information on ecological aspects of the recovering environment after the earthquake.To circumvent weather limits of remote sensing in the Wenchuan earthquake-hit areas and to meet the need for regional observation analyses,three Landsat TM images pre-and post-earthquake in the Minjiang arid valley were used for analysis.The post-earthquake vegetation cover values were compared to the pre-earthquake value to determine the extent to which the vegetation was damaged in relation to the pre-earthquake pattern,and the rate of recovery was evaluated.Spatial characteristics of vegetation loss and natural recovery pattern were analyzed in relation to elevation,slope and aspect.Our study focused on the following four aspects:(1) to detect the changes in riparian vegetation cover at different stages of the Wenchuan earthquake sequence,(2) to analyze the difference/similarity in the spatial distribution and recovery trajectories of the damaged vegetation under different geomorphological conditions,(3) to understand to what extent does the vegetation cover reestablish after the earthquake and(4) to track the rate of post-earthquake vegetation recovery.Results of this study indicated that the severely damaged sites occurred mainly within the range of 1100—1700m elevation and on slopes of 25—55°.After three year of natural regeneration,56.20% of the destroyed areas were recovered.Moreover,there is a good correlation between recovery rate and both slope and elevation,and the recovery patterns are complicated in the damaged area.Our study showed that there was a high congruency between recovery rate and both slope and elevation,and the recovery patterns were complicated.Our analyses provided very useful information for decision-making and policy-planning in the arid valley of Minjiang River after the Wenchuan earthquake.Although the natural recovery for the vegetation is a slow process,most of the earthquake-induced damages can be restored to their original condition through natural succession.Thus,human assistance or disturbance may not be a good way to treat most of the damaged areas of natural vegetation regrowth capability.To assist the natural succession or original vegetation recovery,human interference and ecotechnology measures should only be introduced to areas where vegetation regrowth is difficult,such as the areas with unstable surfaces.


Abstract The electrical properties of heterogeneous materials are closely related to the composition of its constituents. Several theoretical approaches have been developed to predict the complex permittivity of composites materials, such as the mixture laws and the effective medium theories. However, these laws fail to interpret experimental data at high concentrations of filler, because the morphological parameters such as particle size, their distribution, and mostly the interphase region between the components are not taken into account. A new model for predicting the complex permittivity of composite materials is presented, taking into account the interaction between the filler and the matrix. We report a study on the dielectric properties of the epoxy polymer/carbon black nanocomposites, with different concentrations of the dispersed conducting particles, at 35 GHz, using the interphase model. The experimental results of the complex permittivity are compared to those obtained by the proposed theoretical model.


Neural networks are important tools for data-intensive analysis and are commonly applied to model non-linear relationships between dependent and independent variables. However, neural networks are usually seen as "black boxes" that offer minimal information about how the input variables are used to predict the response in a fitted model. This article describes the \pkg{NeuralSens} package that can be used to perform sensitivity analysis of neural networks using the partial derivatives method. Functions in the package can be used to obtain the sensitivities of the output with respect to the input variables, evaluate variable importance based on sensitivity measures and characterize relationships between input and output variables. Methods to calculate sensitivities are provided for objects from common neural network packages in \proglang{R}, including \pkg{neuralnet}, \pkg{nnet}, \pkg{RSNNS}, \pkg{h2o}, \pkg{neural}, \pkg{forecast} and \pkg{caret}. The article presents an overview of the techniques for obtaining information from neural network models, a theoretical foundation of how are calculated the partial derivatives of the output with respect to the inputs of a multi-layer perceptron model, a description of the package structure and functions, and applied examples to compare \pkg{NeuralSens} functions with analogous functions from other available \proglang{R} packages.


When it comes to disaster rescue, quickly and accurately locating the trapped people will not miss the golden rescue time, thereby improving the success rate of rescue. The existing research has focused on the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to locate stationary user equipment (UE). However, the simultaneous movement of the UAVs and the UE brings about problems of UAV coordinate deviation and range interference, resulting in poor accuracy and stability of UE localization. To solve the mentioned issues above, a fusion localization method based on multi-UAV collaborative ranging and user-side inertial measurement unit (IMU) module was proposed for GNSS-denied scenarios. First, the initial coordinate deviations of the UAVs were corrected by multi-UAV collaboration; Then, a pre-processing scheme based on density peaks clustering (DPC) was proposed to eliminate the abnormal interference in the ranging data; Finally, the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) was used to realize the fusion localization based on multi-UAV ranging and user-side IMU module. The simulation results showed that the proposed scheme can maintain the accuracy and stability of UE localization in the presence of ranging interference, and the positioning error was reduced by 21.4% compared with the commonly used extended Kalman filter (EKF). Moreover, the proposed localization scheme had a better performance in low-altitude rather than high-altitude flight scenarios.


The cover story in the November/December issue of Manager gave a practical account of how gaining a better understanding ofhuman behaviour can make 'superrnanagers' of us all. By acting constructively on this understanding we can '....take control and be in charge of yourself and the situation.' As Occupational Psychologists working across industry sectors we have little argument with this premise, but question the value in taking an ' Emotionally Intelligent' approach to gaining this knowledge or understanding. The author, Liz Morris, rightly points out that, although the term Emotional Intelligence (EI) was initially defined by Mayer and Salovey in 1990, it is Daniel Goleman who has provoked more recent discussions around the utility of Emotional Intelligence in the work place (Goleman, 1995; Coleman, 1998;). In his books he presents the case for EQ (Emotional Quotient), rather than IQ (Intelligence Quotient), as an indicator for successful performance and goes on to state that of the seven essential qualities required by employers, six can be described as functions of EI. These he lists as: adaptability and resilience, personal management, motivation and confidence, and interpersonal skills. To readers who are familiar with the literature on personality psychology, they will note that these six EI areas bear a remarkable resemblance to the Five Factor Model of personality. This model was first postulated in the 1930's (Thurstone, 1934) and stipulates that individuals are characteristically described by others across five central areas. These five areas were further supported as being the basis of'public' personality - the way in which we present ourselves to others, in the 1960's by Norman (1963), and again clarified in several metaanalytic studies in the early 1990's (Barrick and Mount, 1991 and Goldberg, 1992). The research strongly indicates, therefore, that personality can be explained along five key characteistics. It is significant that these characteristics - and indeed this theoryhave endured across many decades. The Five Factor Model is now regarded as the central paradigm for defining and measuring personality in both the US and UK, and is widely represented in both the world of academia and practice. This is important because in the past there has been little agreement about the personality domain. The focus and content ofpersonality tests were driven largely by the particular theories of personality endorsed by their authors, or were 'rationally' derived to produce scales that appear to have some utility. Where tests have made claims to empirical foundations such as the 16 Personality Factor Test (known widely as the 16PF), these have not achieved general acceptance (see Psychological Testing by Anastasi 1988). The significance of the Five Factor Model is that it tells us what a personality assessment needs to cover. Based on the re-analysis oftens of thousands of test administrations using the most widely respected personality measures, researchers have been able to identify a common factor structure underlying these disparate approaches to personality assessment. This new consensus about the scope and structure of normal personality gives a balanced view of the total picture, rather than an arbitrary selection of traits or a bias towards any one doctrinaire view of personality. The similarity between theories of emotional intelligence and personality is further supported by Goleman himself. He adds several variables to the original concept of Emotional Intelligence that may be better defined as personality traits and classes the remainder as learned abilities or competencies. In combining his six "construct areas" in this way, using personality and competency descriptions, we feel he does little to identify the needs for behavioural change as an aspect of personal and organisational development. …


In the isolated perfused heart, the heart activity was measured from the left ventricular pressure, dP/dt , heart rate, coronary flow and O 2 tension of coronary outflow. The administration of norepinephrine, isoproterenol and dimethylphenylpiperazinium resulted in a metabolically induced increase in coronary flow (MCD). Infusion of prostaglandin E 1 (PGE 1 ) at the rate of 2.5 µg/min caused an increase in coronary flow; when the infusion rate was subsequently lowered (0.25-0.5 µg/min), the flow returned to within preinfusion range. The effects of the stimulating agents on the cardiac activities were not altered by the PGE 1 infusion but the consequent MCD was greatly reduced. During this period, in comparison to pre-PGE 1 infusion, cardiac stimulation showed a prolonged and larger arterial-venous P O2 difference. On the other hand, PGE 1 did not alter the response to direct-acting coronary vasodilators. Thus, the inhibitory response of PGE 1 is different from those described for beta adrenotropic receptor blocking agents. These studies support the view that the inhibition of the metabolically induced coronary vasodilation following increased cardiac activity by PGE 1 can produce a dissociation of the coronary response from the myocardial requirements, suggesting that this autocoid may play an important role as a modulator of the feedback system that adapts the coronary flow to changing metabolic demands of the myocardium.


This paper discusses the application effect of virtual simulation platform in healing garden design teaching of University environmental design major. Based on the research of relevant teaching theories, this paper compares and analyzes the students' achievements in traditional classroom teaching and virtual simulation platform teaching, and uses online questionnaire to investigate the students' evaluation of self- directed learning ability. The research shows that the use of virtual simulation platform teaching can significantly improve the examination results and autonomous learning ability, stimulate students' learning interest, improve students' autonomous learning ability, and play a positive role in promoting students' design practice ability.


This application discloses for avoiding due to the system that the flow that asymmetric MAC is learned floods.In one example, a kind of method includes:The L2 for performing the C MAC Address being included in the first L2 data-messages by first provider edge (PE) router being included in the ethernet segment of provider's backbone bridging Ethernet VPN (PBB EVPN) is learned;L2 control messages are sent to the second pe router to ethernet segment, the L2 control messages include C MAC Address and B MAC Address corresponding with PBB EVPN ethernet segment, and wherein L2 control messages notify the getatability of C MAC Address by the first pe router to the second pe router;The 2nd L2 data-messages as the unicast traffic for going to C MAC Address are received from the second pe router by the first pe router;And the 2nd L2 data-messages are forwarded to the first ce router.


Background: Spiral fractures of long bones have long been cited as indications of non-accidental trauma (NAT) in children; however, fracture types are only loosely defined in the literature, and intraobserver and interobserver variability in defining femoral fracture patterns is rarely mentioned. We sought to determine reliability in classifying femoral fractures in young children using a standard series of radiographs shown to physicians with varied backgrounds and training and to determine if a quantitative approach based on objective measurements made on plain radiographs could improve definition of these fractures. Methods: On 50 radiographs, the fracture ratio—fracture length divided by bone diameter—was determined and radiographs were reviewed by 14 observers, including pediatric orthopaedic surgeons, emergency room physicians, and musculoskeletal radiologists, who classified the fractures as transverse, oblique, or spiral. A second review of the images in a different order was carried out at least 10 days after the first. Results: Overall, intraobserver agreement was strong, whereas interobserver reliability was moderate. Experience level did not correlate with either result. Complete agreement among all observers occurred for only 5 fractures: 3 transverse and 2 spiral. An average fracture ratio near 1.0 appeared to be predictiveof a transverse fracture and a ratio of >3.0, a spiral fracture; ratios between these 2 values resulted in essentially random classification. Conclusions: The ability to reproducibly classify femoral fractures in young children is highly variable among physicians of different specialties. These results support the belief that fracture morphology has little predictive value in NAT because of the wide variability in what observers classify as a spiral fracture of the femur. Caution should be used in the use of descriptive terms such as spiral, oblique, or transverse when classifying femoral fractures, as well as when evaluating children for possible NAT, because of the variability in classification. Level of Evidence: Level III—diagnostic study.


The problems that people face every day at the bus stop can be sometimes very troublesome as it makes people miss their buses or get confused to take which bus. Thus in this paper a system is designed using ZigBee wireless communication to link the buses that arrives at the bus stop with the bus stop. The objective of this product is that it will prevent people from missing their buses and it will avoid people to lose their buses between many other buses. The product will be prototype of two buses and one bus stop, when the bus stop button is pressed the installed LCD on the bus stop will show a message that the bus is ordered and the led and the buzzer on the bus will energized to notify the bus driver that there is passengers on that bus stop. When the bus arrived at the bus stop the message of the arrival of the specific bus will be visualized on the LCD and the installed buzzer on the bus station will energized to notify the passengers, at the same time the buzzer and the led on the bus will turn off. When the bus leave the bus stop, the LCD will show that the bus is leaving and the buzzer on the bus stop will turn off. The methods used in this paper to achieve the objective are to use the ZigBee because it is more reliable and has the least power consumption. The logic signal from the button is then raised to a proper voltage being able to be sent over the wireless communications link. The product will be consisting of two ZIGBEE representing the specific buses and one ZIGBEE at the bus stop. The Arduino is used as a controller.


This paper aims at analyzing the hinterland position of the German port of Hamburg in Central Europe. As a first step, we identify Koper and Gdansk ports that could act as potential competitors to the German ports, since they exhibit a dynamic development in container throughput over the last five years. As a next step, we compute the contestable economic potential of the hinterland from Hamburg, and from their possible emerging competitors, respectively, by using simple travel time matrices for different transport modes. Afterwards, we analyze the planned infrastructure improvements based on the EU's TEN-T projects. We show how much the economic potential can be increased due to infrastructure improvements, and how this affects the competitive position in hinterland transport. However, besides the hinterland infrastructure there are other determinants relevant for port competition; inter alia the clustering of logistic activities, efficiency of port operations, and liners connectivity.


Cellular senescence is a cell program induced by various stresses that leads to a stable proliferation arrest and to a senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Accumulation of senescent cells during age-related diseases participates in these pathologies and regulates healthy lifespan. Recent evidences point out a global dysregulated intracellular metabolism associated to senescence phenotype. Nonetheless, the functional contribution of metabolic homeostasis in regulating senescence is barely understood. In this work, we describe how the mevalonate pathway, an anabolic pathway leading to the endogenous biosynthesis of poly-isoprenoids, such as cholesterol, acts as a positive regulator of cellular senescence in normal human cells. Mechanistically, this mevalonate-induced senescence is partly mediated by the downstream cholesterol biosynthetic pathway. This pathway promotes transcriptional activity of ERRα leading to dysfunctional mitochondria, ROS production, DNA damage and a p53-dependent senescence. Supporting the relevance of these observations, increase of senescence in liver due to a high-fat diet regimen is abrogated in ERRα knockout mouse. Overall, this work unravels the role of cholesterol biosynthesis in the induction of an ERRα-dependent mitochondrial program leading to cellular senescence and related pathological alterations.


Background: Non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) is more common in elderly people, and is one of the most powerful independent risk factors predisposing to stroke. This risk increases with age. Despite evidence that full dose anticoagulation reduces this risk, and Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines, warfarin is still being under prescribed, especially in elderly individuals. Objectives: To audit warfarin prescribing in elderly hospital patients with NVAF, and assess whether audit feedback and evidence based guidelines improved warfarin usage. Methods: Discharge summaries and medical notes were reviewed, and warfarin prescribing identified, for all patients with NVAF discharged from the Medicine for the Elderly Department between January 2001 and December 2002. This was done before (16 months) and after (7 months) audit results were presented at a departmental meeting, and evidence based guidelines were produced. Results: Warfarin prescribing significantly increased from 38/121 (31.4%) prior to audit feedback and the introduction of guidelines to 30/55 (54.5%), Chi2—test, p<0.01 Conclusions: Older patients with NVAF were under prescribed warfarin. Audit feedback and the introduction of evidence based guidelines significantly increased anticoagulation usage.


Combined liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) has been under investigation since the early 1970s l \ l . A wide variety of interface approaches has been proposed and developed in order to enable the introduction of up to 1 ml/min of aqueous buffer-containing mobile phase into the mass spectrometer vacuum system. Some 8 years ago, the selection of the most appropriate LC-MS interface for a particular problem was still an issue, with the possibility to choose from particle-beam, thermospray, continuous-flow fast-atom bombardment, and electrospray/ionspray. Practically the only LC-MS interfaces applied today are based on atmospheric-pressure ionisation (API), i.e., electrospray (also called ionspray) and atmospheric-pressure chemical ionisation (APCI). To a large extent, this has strengthened the potential of LC-MS in real-life applications, because the API-based interfaces show excellent ionisation efficiency, and thereby sensitivity and robustness, are easy to operate and do not require elaborate parameter optimisation. However, in terms of information content, the API-based interfaces pose significant limitations, as only protonated or deprotonated molecules and a variety of adducts ions are observed. In order to obtain structurally informative fragmentation, the application of, generally more expensive, MS-MS instrumentation is required, i.e., based on triple-quadrupole or ion-trap technology. In this respect, it is interesting to compare the current state-of-the-art in LC-MS 121 with the initial objectives at the start of the LC-MS developments ß,4L In the early days of LC-MS, the major endeavour in LC-MS development was the success of GC-MS in many analytical application areas. Interestingly, the major goal in the development of LC-MS was the on-line identification of unknowns. With the soft ionization applied in LC-


Social supermarkets as a new phenomenon within social entrepreneurship are a non-profit form of organizations which prioritizes the fight against marginalization and social exclusion of some segments of the society. In Croatia, it is gaining popularity over the past five years, primarily due to the effects of the economic slowdown. The benefits of social supermarkets are heavily focused on the humanity, charity, social care and volunteerism of young population. This paper describes mechanisms and logics of operating activities of social supermarkets focusing on issues of participation of young population in everyday activities. In this paper, the results of the primary research on young population in Croatia are discussed. The primary survey included questions on (1) awareness of the existence of the social supermarkets and their role in society, (2) aims of operations and operational activities of social supermarkets, (3) attitudes towards volunteering in social supermarkets.


Shen Cong-wen left Shanghai for Qingdao in 1931. Shen pondered the contradictory between reason and passion in Qingdao.The novels of Shen's collection the Scenery in the Moon,which was written in Qingdong,surpassed the works such as Long Zhu and so on,which were wrote in shanghai,along with rational perspective toward the divinity and the evil of human nature.


The paper proposes a framework for automatic prosody labeling. The labeling involves detection of the location of accented syllables and phrase boundaries, and recognition of pitch accent and boundary tone types. A number of classification models are designed to perform these tasks on the basis of small vectors of acoustic features. The models achieve high accuracy and their performance is comparable to the results reported in other studies on automatic prosody labeling and to interlabeler consistency in manual labeling of prosody.


A method of learning optimal orthonormal filters for feature extraction from 1-D signal based on learning wavelet-like transform was proposed. Filters had been learned by using backpropagation simultaneously with neural network, which was used as a classifier. Orthonormality of filters during the learning process was provided by several quadratic regularization terms that follow from the orthogonality of the scaling functions. The proposed method was evaluated on the environmental sound classification task. We used the trainable wavelet-like transform and wavelet transform with different bases as feature extraction methods with fixed architecture of the neural network. The proposed method obtained the best results. The spectrum characteristics of learned filters of wavelet-like transform were compared with the corresponding characteristics of reverse biorthogonal wavelet basis rbior1.5 that obtained the closest accuracy results.


The author presents work on a high-frequency, high-power GTO (gate-turn-off) switch operated in the cascode configuration. This configuration is shown to have considerable advantages over conventionally gated GTO switches. These include much reduced turn-off times and snubberless operation, and hence, the ability to operate at increased switching frequency. The major limit on switching frequency is shown to be tail losses; this phenomenon is studied in some detail.<<ETX>>


This article involves microwave (MW) absorption characteristic investigation of surface fluorinated iron oxide, synthesized via the hydrothermal method and compared with pristine <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\alpha $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-Fe2O3. The MW absorption characteristics are studied by measuring real and imaginary parts of both permittivity (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\varepsilon$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) and permeability (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>) for pristine <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\alpha $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-Fe2O3 and surface fluorinated Fe2O3 in the frequency range of 5.85–18 GHz. The imaginary part of permeability (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$ {\mu }_{\mathrm {r}}^{''}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) and the magnetic loss tangent value (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\tan} {\delta }_{ {\mu }}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) of surface fluorinated Fe2O3 are found to be superior to pristine <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\alpha $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-Fe2O3. The maximum reflection loss (RL) in surface fluorinated Fe2O3 is observed at different frequencies as a function of sample's thickness, for example, RLs −18 dB at 7.5 GHz (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$t = 3.5$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm) and −12 dB at 9 GHz (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$t = 3$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm), respectively. These characteristics make this material a potential candidate as radar absorbing material (RAM) both in <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$C$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-band and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$X$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-band. For the first time, the MW absorption characteristics of fluorinated <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\alpha $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-Fe2O3 have been demonstrated, which are the novel study in itself.


This is a biomechanical study measuring the maximum pull-out strength of implants inserted into vertebral bodies of the calf spine. The objective is to investigate the influence of different anchoring systems. The following implants were used: Zielke USIS (Ulrich, Ulm), Kaneda KASS (DePuy, Sulzbach). Universal Spine System (USS, Synthes, Umkirch) and Hollow Modular Anchorage (HMA) system (Aesculap, Tuttlingen). We selected nine groups with seven vertebrae equal in mean sizes and Bone Mineral Density (BMD) for each system. Vertebral body and implant were connected to both ends of a servohydraulic testing machine. Distraction was applied until failure and the maximum axial pullout force was recorded. No significant correlation of BMD and pullout strength appeared. The student t-test showed significant higher stability for USS with pullout resistant nut (4.0 kN) and KASS (two-screws, 4.2 kN) compared to all other systems (p For in-vitro testing with calf spines the influence of BMD seems to be less important than that of implant design. Maximum strength of Kaneda KASS depends on angulation of screws. Stability of USS implants can be increased by use of pullout resistant nuts. Of all monocortical implants only HMA presents pullout resistant strength comparable to bicortical screws. In-vivo use of monocortical anchorage bears the lowest risk of vascular injury, because the far cortex remains intact.


British post-modernist writer Doris Lessing paid close attention to the changes in the moral order of society in the 20th century, answering the value and meaning of the proposition of "ethics" in the formation of the times in her works, and constantly reflecting on the ethical relationship between human beings and various subjects in society. This idea is fully reflected in her novel On Cats. On Cats adopts a first-person narrative style, and through a series of storylines such as "I" witnessing "my" family dealing with a flood of sick cats, de-sexing cats, and rescuing and caring for sick cats, it vividly shows the daily life of people and cats and the realistic picture of the life in that times. In addition, through "my" mother's repression and resistance, the miserable life of working people, and urban air pollution, On Cats also reproduces the "new problems" in the development of the relationship between human beings, human and non-human creatures, and human and nature in a comprehensive manner. Therefore, from the perspective of postmodern ethics, this paper interprets the ethical relationship between humans, animals and nature as expressed in On Cats, thus criticizing a series of modern qualities such as masculocentrism, upper class centrism and anthropocentrism. In addition, this paper aims to break the dichotomy between the subject and the other, and to build a "community" in which husband and wife respect each other, people are friendly and supportive of each other, and people live in harmony with nature. This paper also has implications for the harmonious and stable development of modern society today.


of practice. Issues of direction, guidance and providing help are contextualized within a partnership model of empowerment. Such ideals are graphically counterbalanced by the reality of worker accountability to the agency and, indeed, the law. The evidence base used to illustrate such dilemmas is primarily located in the context of child care and mental health. Chapter 7 explores the intricate boundary of dilemmas associated with care and control, through the issues of confrontation, confidentiality and personal safety. Such material provides a valuable resource to the student about to embark upon a period of practice learning or upon the first rung of the career ladder. The material should enable the practitioner to engage constructively with the most rebarbative of personalities to be found in the complex world of practice. The content of the book is a worthy addition to any library. The range of material covered is a testimony to the author's capacity to explain, clarify and structure diversity. CCETSW's competencies are utilized merely as starting points from which the reader is encouraged to stray. In exploring how we got to where we are, the knowledge and skills base are explicitly signposted and well articulated. The value base of the tool box is perhaps more implicit than explicit and as such warrants further debate. Overall, though, this is a book worth buying.


This paper presents an efficient scheduling method for a job shop environment in which working shifts repeat regularly and production capacity is adjustable by adding overtime for each machine in each working shift. The primal objective of scheduling is to meet job due dates and the secondary one is to minimize total overtime. This problem is a highly complex one in which simultaneous decision making for operation sequencing and overtime usage is required to efficiently achieve the two objectives having a trade-off relationship. We have already proposed the method using genetic algorithm incorporating priority rule for this scheduling problem. In the method, priority rules for operation sequencing were the key for high performance. This paper improves the method by applying priority rules for both operation sequencing and overtime usage. For operation sequencing, a new priority rule called (SL/RPN) +SPT is proposed. For the determination of overtime usage, a method using a critical-ratio-based rule is newly introduced. Numerical experiments show the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Sponsored by participating members of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration, the Transportation Research Board's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) was created in 1962 as a means to accelerate research on acute problem areas that affect highway planning, design, construction, operations, and maintenance nationwide. Included in this is a very comprehensive bridge engineering research program. This paper provides a brief description of several major bridge engineering projects that are active in the program at this time.


Effective prevention of scale deposition is one of significant issues involved in desalination practice. The number of scale control techniques is rather limited. The most common scale control technique in desalination processes is based on dosage of inhibiting compounds which are able to suppress scale precipitation up to a certain degree. Electrochemical scale precipitation has long been used to reduce the hardness of water circulating in cooling tower systems. Despite its conspicuous ad¬vantages, the electrochemical scale removal technique has not been applied to-date in desalination processes because of two main limitations — high electrode area requirement and the existence of a limiting current density beyond which the precipitation rate remains unchanged. This paper presents a modified electrochemical system which overcomes the above limitations. The novel electrochemical seeds system enables drastic reduction of the electrode area requirement and has no limiting current restrictions. Data are pres...


This paper takes advantage of single-chip computers and feedback measuring devices and combines step motor to adjust the valve precisely,by this a flow current control system based on step numerical closed loop control is set up.


Life time distribution of warranted product, for example like automobile and photocopier is an interesting studies. Based on the fact that mostly, life distribution of warranted product is somewhat skewed to the right, this suggests that usual failure distribution such as Weibull distribution may provide a reasonable fit to the data. Related to these studies, parameter estimation is directly applicable since life distribution function is a function of parameters. There are no closed solution for Weibull likelihood function maximation. Therefore, numerical approximation could be an alternative solution. In this paper, Newton-Raphson and bisection method were employed to estimate the scale and shape parameter of Weibull distribution for photocopier failure data for since 4,5 years. Performance of those method were compared based on their approximation result and how fast they get into the solution. Data were taken from Bulmer and Eccleston (2003) research about photocopier realibility model.


The thesis explores the U.S. early warning system in the context of three separate but interlocking components: emergency management; special needs populations, in this case represented by the Deaf and hard of hearing community; and disaster education. Of importance is the need to bring further understanding to the relevancy of each and how the interrelationship among all three reflects a microcosm illustrative of the larger early warning paradigm and its challenges. Meeting those challenges requires implementation of innovative interventions and evidence-based approaches for adapting to the changing urban and rural demographics, climatological and technological environments. Severe weather and tornado hazard early warning is the embodiment of an integration of multiple systems requiring complex coordination of functions consisting of forecasting, detection, analysis, message development and dissemination, message reception, and action. This culminates in individual decision making for taking self-protection measures.

The thesis methodological framework consisted of a mixed method approach. Data collection utilised a survey questionnaire instrument, individual interviews and focus groups. The research questioned if current warning processes within the U.S. tornado early warning system positively integrate with emergency management practices and effectively influence protective actions of the special needs population. Results indicate the emergency management system continues to be institutionally focused and operationally centric. Emergency managers recognise the need to become more of an integrated component between the warning mechanism and the communities they represent. Data indicate the Deaf and hard of hearing population remains underserved and generally ill-prepared for severe weather events. Disaster education programmes addressing their particular needs are scarce and current warning notification processes are often inadequate. Although tornado early warning detection and notification times are increasing, questions remain on how to more effectively encourage individuals to better heed warning messages.


The global capitalist system created and sustained by the West has eaten deep into the global economy, serving as the ideological and economic hegemony upon which it revolves. Against this backdrop, this article explores the trends and partners of accumulation in the global political economy of capitalism and interrogates how it benefits the West and oppresses Africa through forced integration and unequal power relations. A key finding of the analysis is that global integration of the world economy that runs on capitalism has not benefited Africa significantly, as claimed by capitalist bourgeoisie scholars.


This paper deals with the analysis and optimum design of cylindrical composite tubes considering process-induced residual stresses. The thermomechanical stresses in the thick-walled multi-layered composite tubes are calculated with an analytical model based on quasi-static thermoelasticity. An optimum design problem is then presented to improve the strength-related performance of the cylindrical composite tubes subject to axisymmetric external loads as well as to residual stresses. The numerical results show that, in the case of cross-ply tubes, the residual stresses can be reduced to a certain level by controlling ply thicknesses. In addition, the effects of ply orientation, stacking sequence, wall thickness, etc. are carefully examined.


The atrial septal pouch (ASP) is an incomplete fusion between septum primum (SP) and septum secundum (SS), resulting in a kangaroo pouch, that has a high prevalence in general populations (47%) and it is a potential site of blood stasis and thrombosis. After the novel coronavirus disease (COVID19) -related thrombotic complications, immunothrombosis has been widely investigated and proposed as key pathogenic mechanism linking coagulation and inflammation, leading sometimes to intracardiac thrombosis. In this paper we describe a case of thrombus in the ASP interestingly developed after COVID19 and made a literature review.

 A 85 years old woman with a history of hypertension and chronic atrial fibrillation (AF) in therapy with dabigatran, was admitted to our hospital for dyspnea, atypical chest pain and fever. Laboratory exams showed only mild leukocytosis and elevated levels of d-dimer; EKG confirmed AF with a normal ventricular rate and CT scan excluded pulmonary embolism.
 Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) (Figure 1) showed a mobile ovoid mass (13×26 mm) attached to a left-sided ASP mimicking a myxoma, no mass was seen in the left atrial appendage (LAA). Four months earlier she had been hospitalized for idiopathic thrombocytopenia and concurrent COVID19 infection with mild symptoms, therefore dabigatran was discontinued for a month. The patient underwent surgery and histopathology confirmed it was a thrombus. In the PubMed search we conducted for reports demonstrating ASP masses, or alleged thromboembolism (TE) from this site, we found 25 reports, whose characteristics are briefly summarized in Table 1. Interestingly mild thrombocytopenia was described just in one case.

 In addition to the LAA, the atrial septal pouch is a newly described, common anatomic entity of the interatrial septum, that potentially serves as a site of stasis and thrombus formation. Despite its high prevalence, the finding of a thrombus in this site is very rare. According to Virchow triad, we assume that in this case an endothelial injury and hypercoagulability could have played a pivotal role, since the concomitant thrombocytopenia and high levels of d-dimer. This could be the first case of a thrombus in the ASP associated with COVID19-immunothrombosis.


The nonlinear physical properties and mechanical properties of steel have a significant effect on the load-bearing capacity of grid structures at high temperature,however the restraint condition is important in fire-resistance of grid structures.Temperature incremental method was used for analysis of the whole structural response of grid structures caused by the factors mentioned above in non-uniform temperature fields.The critical temperature at which grid structures reach the load capacity in large space fire can be gotten by temperature incremental method.The main factors affecting the critical temperatures must be known in use of parameter analysis method.Several of the parameters that determine the critical temperatures of grid structures are restraint conditions,the ratio of shear stiffness to whole bending stiffness,load ratio,the non-uniformity of temperature fields and the size of pyramid grid structures.A simplified hand calculation method was developed to predict the critical temperatures of pyramid grid structures under restraint condition.


Abstract A new algorithm for detecting the abnormal intrusion data of complex dynamic networks based on ultrasonic TDOA is proposed, which is based on the problem of low positioning efficiency when the minimum information criterion is used to locate the abnormal intrusion data. In the process, the intrusion detection area of the network is constructed, and the root intrusion matrix is obtained by the graph theory and the adjacency matrix. The distance between the nodes is measured by the ultrasonic TDOA to locate the intrusion node, at the same time three-dimensional centroid positioning is taken with the network intrusion data for rapid positioning. Experiments show that the proposed algorithm can locate the intrusion data in real time and improve the stability of intrusion detection.


Interfacial engineering between the perovskite and hole transport layers has emerged as an effective way to improve perovskite solar cell (PSC) performance. A variety of organic halide salts are developed to passivate the traps and enhance the charge carrier transport. Here, the use of guanidinium iodide (GuaI) for interfacial modification of mixed‐cation (Cs)x(FA)1−xPbI3 perovskite films, which results in the formation of a low‐dimensional δ‐FAPbI3‐like phase on the 3D perovskite surface, is reported. The presence of this thin layer facilitates charge transfer at interfaces and reduces charge carrier recombination pathways as evidenced by enhanced carrier lifetimes and favorable interfacial band alignment. As a result, the power conversion efficiency of the control device is boosted from 19.22% to 20.07%, mainly due to improved open‐circuit voltage (Voc) and fill factor. Furthermore, the post‐treatment with GuaI improves the moisture stability of perovskite polycrystalline films and ambient stability of PSCs.


Background: The negative impact of Rhipicephalus microplus infestations on cattle farming is well-known. The main control method is the use of ixodicides, which have as side effects environmental contamination, the selection of resistant lineages, and toxicity. Their use is also prohibited in systems that produce organic and agroecological food. Such factors reinforce the importance of strengthening research related to the application of homeopathic principles in animal production. Aim: In this setting, this work aimed at assessing the efficacy of the homeopathic therapy to control Rhipicephalus microplus ticks in dairy cattle. Methodology: 63 crossbred and Girolando breed cows, 1 and 9 years of age, naturally infested by ticks and created under a semi-intensive system in three farms (1, 2, and 3) were assayed. The animals were divided into three control groups and three treated groups, using the drug product EndectoSigo® (Psorinum 12 CH, Sulphur 12CH, Ledum palustre 12 CH, Cina 12 CH e Apis mell. 7CH) at a dose of 10 g/animal/day added to mineral and/or food supplement. The visual counting of teleogines with the size equal to or higher than four millimeters in diameter was performed in the neck or udder area of the animal. Pluviometry and registration of ixodicide baths were performed as well. The means obtained were compared by using ANOVA test and Tukey's test. Results: The mean number of teleogines on farm 1 was significantly lower (p<0.05) in the treatment group. As for farms 2 and 3, there was no statistical difference between the groups (treated and control); however, it was observed that two ixodicide baths were required in the control group (farm 2). The pluviometry did not interfere with the manifestation. Conclusion: It was concluded that the homeopathic treatment has the efficacy required to control this tick in cattle and can be an alternative to the use of chemical ixodicides.


Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a life-threatening condition which requires monitoring or treatment depending upon the size of the aneurysm and/or symptomatology. AAA may be detected incidentally or at the time of rupture. An arterial aneurysm is defined as a permanent localized dilatation of the vessel at least 150% compared to a relative normal adjacent diameter of that artery [1].


Interaction of spin with electromagnetic field yields an effective metric along the world line of spinning particle. If we insist to preserve the usual special-relativity definitions of time and distance, critical speed which spinning particle can not overcome during its evolution in external field differs from the speed of light. Instead, we can follow the general-relativity prescription to define physical time and distance in the presence of electromagnetic field. With these definitions, critical speed coincides with the speed of light. Effective metric arises also when spin interacts with gravitational field.


The tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is one of the most damaging tomato pests in the world and in Iran. The toxicity of acetamiprid, eforia (thiamethoxam + lambda-cyhalothrin) and hexaflumuron alone and in mixture with emamectin benzoate was studied against 4-instars of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) at 25 ± 2 °C, 65 ± 5% RH and 16:8 (L:D) h. Moreover, the mixtures of examined insecticides with emamectin benzoate at LC15:LC15 ratio were assessed on the general esterase enzyme activity and total protein content of 4-instars. The highest toxicity was found for emamectin benzoate after 72 h (LC50 = 0.48 mg a.i./l), followed by acetamiprid (LC50 = 46.94 mg a.i./l), eforia (LC50 = 156.24 mg a.i/l) and hexaflumuron (LC50 = 670.32 mg a.i/l). Mixing emamectin benzoate with acetamiprid at the ratio of LC50:LC50 and LC25:LC25 resulted in synergistic impacts while mix of two other ratios of the same pesticides represented additive influences. The mixture of emamectin benzoate with either hexaflumuron or eforia at all ratios created antagonistic and additive effects, respectively. Mixing emamectin benzoate with either acetamiprid or eforia increased larval esterase activity, however, there was no significant difference between emamectin benzoate in mixture with hexaflumuron and using it alone. Mixing emamectin benzoate with the examined insecticides considerably decreased the larval total protein content. Based on the findings of this work, the mixtures of eforia and acetamiprid with emamectin benzoate represented greater negative effects against 4-instars compared to emamectin benzoate alone and the control.


Ninety-two rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes were evaluated during kharif 2013 to estimate the genetic variability, heritability and correlation coefficients for 14 physicochemical and cooking quality traits. The experiment was conducted in a complete randomized block design with 3 replications. Highly significant (P < 0.01) differences were observed for all 14 quality characters studied. Among the traits, head rice recovery (%), water uptake, gel consistency and alkali spreading value exhibited high estimates of genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV). Highest broad sense heritability and genetic advance was obtained for head rice recovery (89% and 29%), milling (84% and 21%), water uptake (90% and 24%), amylose content (93% and 29%) and gel consistency (90% and 31%) which suggested that these traits would respond to selection owing to their high genetic variability and transmissibility. High estimates of heritability in association with medium genetic advance observed for KLAC (89% and 13%), elongation ratio (86% and 11%) and alkali spreading value (80% and 19%) suggested the role of both additive and non-additive gene action in their inheritance. The significant positive correlation of KLAC with ER (r = 0.638) and L/B ratio (r = 0.556), ASV with water uptake (r = 0.426), hulling % with milling % (r = 0.60) and with HRR % (r = 0.150) indicated that these are the primary traits for improvement of rice grain quality.


The late Paleozoic strata exposed in the Cumberland Basin part of the larger regional Maritimes Basin of Atlantic Canada have been considered as classic Carboniferous sections since their original description in the mid-1800's (Joggins Section). Stratigraphic nomenclature applied to the Upper Carboniferous strata, which locally exceed a thickness of 7 km, is problematic due to numerous poorly defined or informal units and a confusing mixture of litho-, bio-, and chrono-stratigraphic terminology. The Cumberland Basin is a key area in the regional nomenclature because it contains the type sections of the Cumberland and Pictou groups, and well-exposed sections of strata traditionally assigned to the Riversdale Group (abandoned and constituents incorporated into the Cumberland Group) and Canso Group (abandoned and replaced by the Mabou Group, after Belt, 1964 and 1965). The constituent formations of the Cumberland and Pictou groups include in ascending order: Cumberland Group (1) Claremont and (2) Boss Point (both formerly assigned to the abandoned Riversdale Group), (3) Polly Brook (new), (4) Joggins (redefined}, (5) Springhill Mines (new), (6) Ragged Reef (new), (7) Malagash (new); and Pictou Group-(8) Balfron (new), (9) Tatamagouche (new), and (10) Cape John (redefined). The resulting revision of the groups is based upon formal formation subdivisions and utilizes lithostratigraphic criteria such as: composition, occurrence of coal and related strata, predominant colour and grain size, vertical and lateral variation, and stratigraphic relationships. Within the context of the Cumberland Basin the revisions are modest relocations of group boundaries in the type sections: ( 1) Pictou Group base shifted upsection to exclude the strata of the Malagash Formation, and (2) the repatriation of the Boss Point and Claremont formations to the base of the Cumberland Group. The revised Cumberland Group conformably and unconfonnably overlies strata of the Mabou Group (Belt, 1964, 1965) and includes all of the grey (dominated}, coalbearing strata in the basin. It also includes greybeds that were previously assigned to the base of the Pictou Group in the type section. Strata previously assigned to all or portions of the Morien Group, Stellarton Group (Formation) and Petitcodiac Group could be reassigned to the Cumberland Group and would avoid the currentsynonomy at the group level. The revised Pictou Group comprises all of the redbed-dominated, non coal-bearing strata above the Cumberland Group and regionally could include the Pictou Group redbeds in the Gulf of St Lawrence as well as most of the newly introduced formations of the Prince Edward Island Group. The proposed lithostratigraphic subdivisions (new and revised) and group assignment criteria will facilitate regional correlation and basin analysis within the Maritimes Basin.


Completed in 2008, the Study of Regionalization and Organization of Medium and High Complexity Health Care in the Southeast Macro-region of the state of Minas Gerais , conducted by researchers from the Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF) and the Municipal Government of Juiz de Fora and beginning science students from UFJF, provided the empirical and conceptual support for this article, which seeks to examine the data and reflexes related to health care of medium and high-level complexity, obtained from the municipal managers of the University Hospital (HU/CAS/UFJF). The article analyzes the regulation process of the flows of users of the health care network in the region of influence of health care services of the municipality of Juiz de Fora. The principal concern is with identifying how daily contact occurs between the Managers of the neighboring municipalities with the Unified Health Care System (SUS) and the HU/CAS/UFJF. The dialectic approach provided the methodological basis for this study, considering the following categories: contradiction, totality and historicalness.


In an automotive industry, hot stamped, die quenched structural components have been widely used to provide extra protection against crash intrusion. Boron alloyed steel exhibit limited ductility, but it also promotes improvement in impact performance. This study analyzed the effect of cooling rate on the hardness and energy absorption. Self-quenched specimens were heated to 850°C and cooled in air of room temperature, water at room temperature and cold water. Vickers hardness test and tensile test was then carried out to analyze the effect of different quenching rate. Self-quenched specimens were compared to the properties of the die-quenched specimens obtained from commercial automobile body. Result shows that boron steel with the highest cooling rate has the highest value of hardness but low in strength.


Objective To receive the knowledge and attitude of resident physicians to the standardized training program for resident physicians in Shanghai,and find out the problems and provide references for the training improvement. Methods A sampling survey of resident physicians in 2010 in Shanghai is done.Result The survey shows that resident physicians had a good knowledge of the training,and only 0.89% has little knowledge of it;the training also received a positive attitude,and 56.37% of all the resident physicians believed that they would have an advantage in applying for a job;the training also received a relatively good satisfaction,but satisfaction of payment was 2.88%.Conclusion The program has implemented quite well based on the result of the survey.The training has received a growing knowledge of the resident physicians,positive attitude,and relatively good satisfaction in training contents,primary facilities and teaching. However,the program should be improved in a more detailed and standard way.


In light of the many crises and catastrophes faced in the modern world, policymakers frequently make claims to be 'following the science' or being 'governed by the data'. Yet, conflict based on inequalities continue to fuel dissatisfaction with the decisions and actions of authorities. Research into public security may require surveillance and covert observations, all of which are subject to major ethical challenges. Any neat distinction between covert and overt research is difficult to maintain given the variety of defini-tions used for all the terms addressed here. Covert research may be ethically justified and is not necessarily deceptive. In any case, deception may be ethical if engaged in for the 'right' reasons. Modern research sites and innovative research methods may enhance opportunities for covert work. In all surveillance and covert work, care must be taken about how consent is managed, how observed subjects are protected and harm to all involved minimised in all situations.


This article describes the evolution of Kazakh techniques of animal husbandry from the nomadic pastoralism practised in the 19th century, through Soviet rationalisation and professionalisation, to the crisis of this sector due to decollectivisation and to its recover in the 21st century. Two field studies carried out between 1994 and 2013 in two Kazakh auls, a sedentary village and a nomadic summer camp, show on a micro scale how ways of acting on and with livestock, especially sheep, reflect a transformation of the relationship with nature : loosening of the control over animal reproduction and mobility, decline of zootechnic interventionism, in favour of more opportunistic forms of actions, but without returning to the previous versatility of species uses or to a more extensive system. If pastoralism can be a model of sustainable exploitation of the steppes, Kazakh pastoralists practise it not for ecological reasons, but to maintain the essential relationship between livestock and people.


This paper induces the calculation formula of breakeven - point for multi-product starting from profit - loss equation of multi - product. It is shown that a stable product configuration is the premise for the calculation formula of breakeven - point for multi - product. It is proven that the weighted contribution margin rate approach is equivalent to the united unit approach.


OBJECTIVE
To report our experience in surgical treatment of patients with COVID-19.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
There were 7815 patients with COVID-19 for the period from April 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020. During this period, 172 operations were performed in this group.

RESULTS
The most common procedures were tracheostomy (n=86, 50.0%), pleural puncture and drainage (n=20, 11.6%), caesarean section (n=22, 12.7%). There were 24 (14.0%) abdominal surgeries including 11 laparoscopies, 5 appendectomies, 3 bowel resections and others. Six lower limb amputations were carried out. We should emphasize common soft tissue hematomas and effusions. This complication is associated with anticoagulation recommended for patients with COVID-19.

CONCLUSION
Surgical interventions using personal protective equipment is a significant challenge. According to our experience, round-the-clock surgical care in a specialized hospital is required.


The "western" and "eastern" allospecies of the superspecies complex Planorbarius corneus (Linnaeus, 1758) sensu lato includes the most widespread and abundant gastropods in the Ukrainian aquatic fauna. The range of the "western" allospecies includes the north and central parts of Right Bank Ukraine, while the range of the "eastern" allospecies comprises the north-eastern and eastern parts of Left Bank Ukraine, and the extreme south (as far as the Danube River) of the Ukrainian steppe zone. The food preferences of these snails were established for the first time. Such data may provide the basis for studying the role of both allospecies in the food webs of the river systems of Ukraine.


A new method and a prototype system for optical tracking using camera sensors from Nintendo Wii remote controllers are introduced. The system is of very low cost and can easily be extended to cover large areas. By bypassing the native Bluetooth interface and increasing the image analysis rate, extraordinary real-time performance is achieved. To overcome computational difficulties and uncertainties relating to the asynchronous nature of Wiimote cameras, a method is introduced to synchronize the measurements of each camera in the system. This unconventional synchronization scheme is widely applicable to numerous already existing Wiimote tracking systems improving their performance. The demonstrated tracking system is targeted for virtual and augmented reality applications as well as general purpose localization. An extensive analysis of the system performance and new findings of the camera characteristics are reported.


With the huge number of documents becoming available in electronic form, finding the right information in a large corpus is becoming an increasingly important and difficult task. We believe that semantic processing is required for accurate information retrieval.This paper describes a framework for the automatic creation of semantic markup and its insertion into XML documents. The availability of such semantic annotation would be of great help when the documents are queried, and, in particular, would facilitate the application of inference techniques, therefore allowing the system to deduce information not explicitly mentioned in the text.


– This study aims to analyze the use of smartphones towards students' interaction at senior high school. This descriptive qualitative research was carried out at one of the senior high schools in Pangalengan, Bandung with observation and interview techniques. It shows that smartphones can change the interaction pattern in associative and dissociative processes. In the associative proses, students create social media groups to communicate, interact, and socialize in order to make it easier for students to distribute information. Meanwhile, the dissociative process occur friction due to misunderstanding in interpreting information when communicating. Another finding in this research shows that the use of smartphones can facilitate teachers and students in the learning process and evaluation. However, the impact on the use of smartphone is that the students lack focus in the teaching and learning process. Smartphones are used as a means of cheating, bullying and shifting values and norms.


To the Editor:— It has become evident (Bloch and Bunim: J. A. M. A. 169 :307 [Jan. 24] 1959; Lane and Decker: J. A. M. A. 173 :982 [July 2] 1960) that the term "bentonite flocculation test" (BFT) is being used exclusively to denote the test for rheumatoid arthritis reported by Bozicevich, Bunim, Freund, and Ward in 1958 ( Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 97 :180 [Jan.] 1958). This designation is erroneous in that the bentonite in this test serves merely as a carrier system for the F II fraction of serum and this same carrier system has been used with other substances in performing flocculation tests. Bentonite flocculation was first used in testing for antibodies to trichina in 1951 (Bozicevich and others: Pub. Health Rep. 66 :806 [June 22] 1951) and, more recently, with desoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in testing for antinuclear factors in the serum of patients with systemic


This paper reports the improved load-bearing structure of a hopper car for transporting pellets and hot sinter. In order to increase the strength of the load-bearing structure of a hopper car under the influence of high temperatures from the transported cargo, the use of cladding made of composite material has been proposed. This solution also contributes to a 5 % reduction in the wagon's tare compared to the prototype car.
The dynamic load on the load-bearing structure of a hopper car was determined. This study was carried out for the case where an empty wagon was moving over an irregularity between the rail joints. The calculations showed that the studied dynamics indicators did not exceed the permissible values. At the same time, the ride of a hopper car is rated as "excellent".
The main indicators of the strength of the carrying structure of a hopper car were determined taking into consideration the proposed improvement. That took into account the temperature effect exerted on the load-bearing structure of a hopper car by hot sinter. It was established that the maximum equivalent stresses occur in the zone of interaction of the girder beam with the pivot beam and are about 290 MPa. At the same time, stresses in the cladding of a hopper car are about 200 MPa, which is 12 % lower than those in a regular structure.
Modal analysis was carried out to determine the frequencies and shapes of the natural oscillations of the bearing structure of a hopper car with a composite cladding. The calculation results demonstrated that the first natural frequency exceeds 8 Hz. Therefore, the safety of the wagon is provided.
The coefficient of fatigue resistance of the load-bearing structure of a hopper car was calculated. It was established that its value is almost twice as high as the permissible one. That is, the resistance to fatigue of the supporting structure is provided.
The research reported here could contribute to ensuring the strength of the load-bearing structures of hopper cars, reducing the cost of maintenance, and increasing the efficiency of their operation.


It is plain that an individual's being conscious and an individual's being conscious of various things are both crucial for successful functioning. But it is far less clear how, if at all, it is also useful for a person's psychological states to occur consciously, as against those states occurring but without being conscious. Restricting attention to cognitive and desiderative states, a number of suggestions are current about how the consciousness of those states may be useful. It has been held that such consciousness enhances processes of rational thought and planning, intentional action, executive function, and the correction of complex reasoning. I examine these and related proposals in the light of various empirical findings and theoretical considerations and conclude that the consciousness of cognitive and desiderative states is unlikely to be useful in these or related ways. This undermines a reliance on evolutionary selection pressures in explaining why such states so often occur consciously in humans. I propose an alternative explanation, on which cognitive and desiderative states come to be conscious as a result of other highly useful psychological developments, some involving language. But on this explanation the consciousness of these states itself adds no significant function to that of those other developments. 1. The Issue about Function It is widely held that we understand something only when we can explain it, and explaining a natural phenomenon typically if not always means locating it in its distinctive causal nexus. When those phenomena are biological, moreover, locating a phenomenon often means specifying what function it has for the relevant organism. And that is usually a matter of isolating something about the phenomenon that tends to benefit organisms of that type or confer on them some adaptive or reproductive advantage. This is especially so with mental phenomena and their associated brain processes. We expect that a satisfactory explanation of perceiving, thinking, and other mental occurrences will involve coming to know how those processes and the brain events that subserve them function to benefit the organism. These functions are often obvious. Perceiving enables organisms to interact successfully with its environment, and thinking enables it to figure out what to do and what to avoid in * novel or complex circumstances. And the various emotions help organisms react appropriately to characteristic beneficial and dangerous situations. More specific functions for perceiving, thinking, and the emotions are easy to come by, often simply by reflecting on our …


Injection of macromolecular anabolic enzymes is a promising treatment for disc degeneration. However, macromolecular diffusion within the degraded or crosslinking-augmented discs remains unclear. In this study, healthy porcine anular fibrosus (AF) and nucleus pulposus (NP) were prepared. After a 24 hr trypsin-induced matrix degradation and a following 24 hr genipin-induced crosslinking augmentation, the diffusion of 0.37 kDa fluorescein sodium, 4.4 kDa dextran and 40 kDa dextran in the AF and NP were evaluated. Regardless of molecular weight, macromolecular diffusion was highest along the circumferential AF followed by the radial AF and NP. Matrix degradation and the crosslinking-augmentation decreased macromolecular diffusion. Scanning electric microscopic (SEM) images revealed that the intact circumferential AF contained oval-shaped pores, while the intact radial AF included long and narrow cavities. These porous diffusion paths collapsed after matrix degradation. The following crosslinking augmentation recovered matrix hydration and the area encircled by pore contour. Nevertheless, the diffusion paths were still occluded by detached collagen fibrils. In conclusion, pore shapes regulate macromolecular diffusion in discs. The decrease of macromolecular diffusion after matrix degradation is due to pore deformation. The following crosslinking augmentation makes the macromolecules more easily trapped within the diffusion paths.


Curriculum construction is of great importance,and vocation-oriented curricula are beneficial to students in job-hunting.To achieve this goal,great importance must be attached to talent-cultivation orientation,staff construction,teaching modes and methods,and the combination of production,study and research.Thus teaching can be upgraded,which is of great significance to the realization of cultivation objectives and the improvement of the whole teaching quality.


Simulation experiment on a mist separator was carried out.The aim was to determine the separation efficiency and to precisely control droplet concentration and size.Brine-air was used as experimental media of the system.Mist separation efficiency was quantitatively determined by electrochemically measuring concentration variation of Cl - ion during process.As a prominent feature,this system could avoid effects of ambient atmospheric temperature and moisture on separation and thus provided a reliable way for the study of gas-liquid separation.Key effects of droplet concentration and droplet size on mist separation efficiency and measure of control was determined.A mathematical model for controlling droplet size during mist forming by a dual-flow nozzle was set up.


Objective
To investigate the preventive effect of melatonin on ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) in OHSS mouse model.

Methods
The mice were randomly assigned to 5 groups: the induced ovulation group (CS), the over stimulation group (OS), the low dose of melatonin group (LM), the middle dose of melatonin group (MM) and the high dose of melatonin group (HM). In OS, LM, MM and HM groups, the OHSS mouse model was built by pregnant mare serum gonadotropin and human choionic gonadotophin (PMSG-hCG) method. And the low dose (10 mg/kg), medium dose (20 mg/kg) and high dose (40 mg/kg) of melatonin were injected into mice in LM, MM and HM groups respectively during the OHSS modeling. The ovarian index, the peritoneal capillary permeability, the mRNA expression of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (cftr), vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) and its receptor kdr in ovaries, the levels of estradiol (E2), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL) and angiotensin II (AII) in serum were compared among these groups respectively.

Results
1) The ratio of ovarian weight to body weight (0.228%±0.023%), the peritoneal capillary permeability [(1.722±0.248) g/L], the vegf mRNA expression (470.94±132.43), the levels of E2 [(188.81± 16.40) ng/L] and AII [(919.36±62.39) ng/L] in serum of OS group were significantly higher than those of CS group [0.120%±0.012%, (0.892±0.221) g/L, 1.32±0.54, (17.84±1.20) ng/L, (173.65±20.60) ng/L] (P 0.05).

Conclusion
The OHSS mouse model was built successfully. High concentration of melatonin inhibited OHSS-induced ovarian enlargement and increased vascular permeability, reduced the vegf mRNA expression in ovary and the levels of E2 and AII in serum to alleviate the symptoms of OHSS.

Key words:
Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome; Melatonine; Prevention; OHSS mice model