Some general properties of the electromagnetic corrections to the P decay of a physical nucleon, that is, a nucleon in the presence of strong interactions, are discussed. The aim of the paper is to isolate and determine general properties which are independent of the details of the strong interactions and the assumptions about the existence of the intermediate boson. The method used consists essentially in separating out in a Rnite and gauge-invariant manner all the terms of order 1/k in the hadronic covariants, and then examining properties of the other contributions. Under some general and plausible mathematical assumptions, it is shown that all the terms of order e in the correction factor to the electron spectrum which explicitly depend on the electron energy E and the electron mass m can be rigorously computed, in spite of the complications of the strong interactions, provided that contributions of relative order nq/M, n (E/M)ln (.V/E), and no~/c are neglected. In particular, the electromagnetic correction of order e to the shape of the allowed electron spectrum is given by a single universal function g(E,E,m) of E, m, and the end-point energy E; this function is independent of the details of the strong interactions and the assumption that the weak interactions are mediated by an intermediate boson. It is furthermore independent of the ratio Mar/Mr, and is physically signihcant, particularly if applied to nuclear tt decays with E /m))1. These propositions do not preclude the existence of model-dependent terms which give contributions to the lifetime. No attempt is made here to evaluate these quantities, but their role on the physical observables is discussed. It is pointed out that, aside from the electron spectrum, there are other observables for which the corrections can be evaluated in a model-independent manner. This assertion is illustrated by giving the expression for the virtual radiative corrections of order o. to the longitudinal polarization of the electron in allowed transitions. The contribution of the universal function g(E,E,m) to the lifetime is brieQy discussed. This paper implicitly assumes the validity of the vector and axial-vector theory of weak interactions.


This paper presents systems for automatically classifying elephant vocalizations by type and for identifying the speaker of a given vocalization. The method applies techniques from the speech processing field, with modifications, to elephant vocalizations. The features used for classification are 12 Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients computed using a chirp Z-transform to interpolate among the lower frequencies. A Hidden Markov Model is trained for each type of vocalization and vocalizations are classified using leave-one-out verification. Using this system, initial classification accuracies of 77.0% for type classification and 72.2% for speaker identification resulted. These systems represent the initial stages of a universal analysis framework that could be applied to other animal species.


Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) varies in each hospital. This condition can be viewed from the aspects of types of services, competency of human resource, facilities, and means. Implementation is a crucial step in the process of policy. Readiness and participation of parents will support the success of the KMC implementation. A role of family such as attitude, behaviour, and family participation is as a desire to protect a family member who is sick. This research aimed to identify the implementation process of factors of communication, disposition/attitude, resource, bureaucratic structure, and participation of patients and their families in KMC at Mardi Rahayu Hospital. This was qualitative research using in-depth interview and direct observation. Main informants encompassed 4 mothers who had Low Birth Weight (LBW) Babies. Meanwhile, informants for triangulation purpose encompassed 3 trained midwives, 3 trained nurses, and 3 trained paediatricians, nursing manager, and director of medical services. Furthermore, data were analyzed using thematic analysis in which data as the result of in-depth interview were analyzed in accordance with a theme. The implementation of KMC had not been done optimally. Regarding communication, there was no socialization of the program. Therefore, information of the KMC program was unclear, inconsistent. Regarding attitude/disposition of the program implementer, there was not only lack of support from all implementers in implementing the program but also lack of commitment. Regarding resource, there was lack of trained health workers, lack of facilities, and no sustainable fund for the program. Regarding bureaucratic structure, Standard Operating Procedure was needed to be revised and no clear job-sharing in KMC. Mothers had not participated in making decision, implementing, taking benefits, and evaluating yet. This was due to lack of information. As suggestions, the hospital needs to improve socialization of the program, provide implementation guidelines, and implement KMC followed by monitoring and supervising. In addition, the hospital needs to improve communication, information, education (CIE) for mother/family and provide opportunity for clients to implement KMC at the hospital before going home.


This PhD thesis is concerned with the chiral phase transition of QCD with two degenerate light quark masses and a strange quark mass close to its physical value. We analyze the quark mass dependence of the chiral condensate and chiral susceptibilities close to the transition temperature. The analysis is twofold:
First we provide evidence for the influence of thermal fluctuations of Goldstone modes on the chiral condensate at finite temperature. We show that at temperatures below but close to the chiral phase transition at vanishing quark mass this leads to a characteristic dependence of the light quark chiral condensate on the square root of the light quark mass. As a consequence the chiral susceptibility shows a strong quark mass dependence for all temperatures below the critical temperature and diverges like the inverse square root of the light quark mass in the chiral limit. We separately examine the divergence of disconnected and connected parts of the light quark susceptibility and discuss the volume as well as cut-off dependence of susceptibilities and chiral condensates.
Second we analyze the critical behavior of the chiral transition with a scaling analysis based on the O(N) scaling functions. We find strong evidence for 2nd order O(N) scaling in the chiral limit of the light quark mass and with physical strange quark mass. Z(2) scaling is disfavored for finite values of a critical light quark mass, which indicates that the physical strange quark mass is above the tricritical mass. The scaling fits are based on the magnetic equation of state for the chiral condensate. We compare these fit results also with the corresponding scaling functions for the chiral susceptibilities and identify the Goldstone contributions and attempt to identify the connected and disconnected susceptibility contributions. We discuss the deviations from scaling and compare results for two different lattice spacings. Finally we present the result on the pseudocritical line for zero chemical potential and the curvature of the critical line for non-zero chemical potential to lowest order.


We present a theory for modeling the structure of information and a language (Quanta) expressing the theory. Unlike Shannon's information theory, which focuses on the amount of information in an information system, we focus on the structure of the information in the system. For example, we can model the information structure corresponding to an algorithm or a physical process such as the structure of a quantum interaction. After a brief discussion of the relation between an evolving state-system and an information structure, we develop an algebra of information pieces (infons) to represent the structure of systems where descriptions of complex systems are constructed from expressions involving descriptions of simpler information systems. We map the theory to the Von Neumann computing model of sequences/conditionals/repetitions, and to the class/object theory of object-oriented programming (OOP).


Extensive effort, by the authors' company, to locate an exploratory well in the Beaufort Sea away from seismically indicated shallow gas areas, could not ensure avoidance of a massive shallow gas blowout on June 5 1989. The entire 103 person crew of Kulluk had to be safely removed from the MODU and either transferred to a shore base or held nearby on icebreaking supply vessels. Faced with the largest shallow gas blowout in thirteen years of Beaufort Sea exploration, and an imminent landfast ice breakup, the company planned and safely executed a reboarding and reactivation of Kulluk's systems. The series of operations resulted in efficiently relocating the undamaged unit to a new drillsite.


The invention relates to a portable connecting device. The portable connecting device comprises a connecting device body, a connector and a control circuit, wherein the connector is disposed at an end part of the connecting device body, and the control circuit is mounted in the connecting device body; the control circuit comprises a charge control circuit and a power supply output circuit; the connector is provided with a receiving port and an emitting port, the receiving port is connected with an input end of the charge control circuit, an output end of the power supply output circuit is connected with the emitting port of the connector by a diode D1, the output of the charge control circuit is connected with an input end of the power supply output circuit by a cable, and an output end of the connector is grounded by a capacitor C1. The portable connecting device provided by the invention can support functions of a host end, can be singly utilized as an USB interface to connecting with the host end, and meanwhile, can also be utilized with an external connecting device to form a signal conversion part, thereby providing more convenience for users. The portable connecting device is strong in universality and convenient to carry.


Presently there exists uncertainty and obscurity in understanding and defining organized underworld-nature crimes due to the vague defining of underworld-nature organizations by legal rules,leading to much differences in applying relevant law in different areas. In order to define and strike such crimes effectively, according to the experiences and lessons learned in combating against them,this article tries to analyze the innate traits,legal features of underworld-nature crimes,the focuses and difficulties in applying the law,and offer some countermeasures on the organized underworld-nature crimes controlling.


Mediterranean diet and significant consumption of olive oil has been associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular diseases, reduction of diabetic occurence, prevention of the cognitive decline due to aging, prolongation of a lifespan and life quality in elderly population. Relationship between total phenolic content and antioxidant activity is very well established. Furthermore strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of phenolic compounds in olive oils have been reported. In this study 11 different samples of olive oil from the Hvar Island, have been investigated. Total phenolic compounds have been extracted and their concentrations determined. Results have been shown as mg equivalent of caffeic accid in kg of olive oil. In addition the phenolic extracts have been analysed for antioxidant activity by ORAC and DPPH method. The results are presented as µmol equivalent of Trolox per mL and statistically interpreted using ANOVA. Strong correlation between total content of phenolic compound and antioxidant activity has been found.


Advances in sensors and avionics computation power suggest real-time structural load measurements could be used in flight control systems for improved safety and performance. A conventional transport flight control system determines the moments necessary to meet the pilot's command, while rejecting disturbances and maintaining stability of the aircraft. Control allocation is the problem of converting these desired moments into control effector commands. In this paper, a framework is proposed to incorporate real-time structural load feedback and structural load constraints in the control allocator. Constrained optimal control allocation can be used to achieve desired moments without exceeding specified limits on monitored load points. Minimization of structural loads by the control allocator is used to alleviate gust loads. The framework to incorporate structural loads in the flight control system and an optimal control allocation algorithm will be described and then demonstrated on a nonlinear simulation of a generic transport aircraft with flight dynamics and static structural loads.


The process of politcal transition in Taiwan embodied the characteristic of strategy interaction among the political actors. Under the pressure of various political power inside and outside political system , the leaders of ruling party took reform action fron balancing the costs of suppression and the costs of toleration which led to the transition of authoritarian regime. The aim of political liberalization reforms launched by JIANG Jin-guo was to continue the dominant position of the Chinese Nationalist Party. The inducement of the political democratization reforms impelled by LI Deng-hui was mostly from that the democratization availed to legalize and expand his own power and authority, and to achieve his idea of "Taiwan independence


Reasons to hinder the development of ethnic vocational education are: 1) most ethnic regions are still in the stage of food production economy with underdeveloped market and indistinct vocational and trade differentiation.And 2) the State-owned market economy system has lost control in some steps and there exists "scissors difference" in policies for industry,agriculture,commerce,forestry and animal husbandry.As a consequence,vocational and trade differentiation in ethic regions has waned rather than waxed,which results in ethnic vocational and technical education losing its basis for survival.In order to help ethnic vocational education get out of the tight corner,efforts should be made in various ways to promote vocational and trade differentiation and connect vocational and technical education with social and economic development of ethnic regions so as to realize a sustainable development of vocational technology and promote elimination of poverty and economic development.


Video compression standard H.264/AVC has high compression ratio,but its algorithm is complex and the coding time is long. Aiming at the intra-frame 4×4 block,this paper proposes a fast prediction algorithm based on measurement of direction prediction mode. By measuring the intra-frame prediction direction of 4×4 block,it uses the correlation between neighboring blocks and neighboring direction prediction mode to predict the intra-frame mode. Experimental results show that compared with the full searching algorithm,this algorithm can decrease the coding time by 43% and only increase the output video bit rate by 0.8% while keeping PSNR almost unchanged.


Three antifungal compounds were isolated from the culture filtrate of the biocontrol fungus Trichoderma aureoviride isolated from ginger suppressive fields near Udaipur. These compounds showed antifungal activity against F. solani and have been identified as 2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate, diphenyl ether and 2-hydroxy, 3-methyl butyl benzoate by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The culture filtrate from this fungus causing ginger rot also possessed appreciable activity of chitinase and β-1,3, glucanase, two enzymes known to degrade cell wall of phytopathogenic fungi. The antifungal compounds as well as the activity of enzymes may be major contributors to the biocontrol efficacy of Trichoderma aureoviride.


This paper presents a FPGA implementation of a novel depth map estimation algorithm for direct time-of-flight CMOS image sensors (dToF-CISs) based on single-photon avalanche-diodes (SPADs). Conventional ToF computation algorithms rely on complete ToF histograms. The next generation of high speed dToF-CIS is expected to have wide dynamic range and high depth resolution. Applications such as 3D imaging based on dToF-CISs require pixel-level ToF histograms which have to be stored by huge fully-random access memory (RAM) modules. The proposed shifted inter-frame histogram (SiFH) algorithm has the same accuracy but requires a memory footprint 128 times smaller than the conventional algorithm. Thus a much larger number of pixels can be resolved using limited block RAM resources of FPGAs. Moreover the overall frame rate is also remarkably improved compared to the scanning method. The proof of concept of the SiFH algorithm on 15 bits has been implemented on Spartan-3E. An automated testbench was developed to confirm that no ambiguity errors occur along the entire dynamic range.


The presence of an endotracheal or tracheostomy tube disrupts the overlaid laryngeal functions of phonation and swallowing. Clinical experience has repeatedly shown that removal of the endotracheal or tracheostomy tube does not automatically restore normal laryngeal functioning. Hoarseness and transglottic aspiration are two frequently encountered pathological responses to endotracheal intubation and tracheostomy. An unprotected glottis is vulnerable to aspiration of secretions and colonized oral flora, enteral feedings, and gastric contents as well as food and liquids. Pulmonary aspiration has the potential of developing into pneumonia, a pathophysiological response that clinicians make every effort to avoid, especially in medically fragile patients.


Harold H. Kolb, Jr., is in no danger of making tabloid headlines with the publication of Mark Twain: The Gift of Humor. At a time when most literary critics are as giddy as teenagers to embrace the latest intellectual fad, Kolb builds his magisterial 500-page study around the disarmingly uncontroversial claim that mark Twain was, first and last, a humorist. Kolb assembles no straw men to give this claim a false sense of novelty, and he makes no apology for the fact that his understanding of mark Twain's art and achievement is thoroughly anticipated in Howells' century-old tribute to his close friend, part of which serves here as a forceful epigram: "[mark Twain] was a thinker of courageous originality and penetrating sagacity [but] all his wisdom . . . begins and ends in his humor." it might seem unnecessary to reiterate this eloquent statement in the twenty-first century, but Kolb maintains that commentators of Twain's time and our own often treat humor as "merely an attractive surface feature, a sugar coating on a social or philosophical pill, rather than a crucial part of both the meaning and the structure of Twain's writings." Of course, nothing is more common in American literary studies than the idea that mark Twain was an American Cervantes or a missourian molière, but such celebrity comparisons rarely pack much explanatory punch, and Kolb is right to insist that Twain's humor is often presented as something extraneous to whatever it is that makes his writing really important, such as his persistent critique of humbug, or his vision of democracy, or his ear for spoken language. insisting that Twain's humor deserves more sustained attention than critics have generally given it, Kolb carefully sketches the portrait of "a writer whose lifelong mode of perception is essentially humorous, a writer who sees the world in the sharp clash of contrast, whose native language is exaggeration, whose vision unravels and reorganizes our perceptions."


International Action Center Book Projects: 1. Gaza: Symbol of Resistance, Edited by Joyce Chediac, forward by Ramsey Clark, World View Forum, New York, 2011. 2. Haiti: A Slave Revolution 200 years after 1804, Ramsey Clark and others, International Action Center, New York, 2004. 3. War in Colombia  Made in USA, by Ramsey Clark and others, International Action Center, New York, New York, 2004. 4. War Lies & Videotape  How Media Monopoly Stifles Truth, edited by Lenora Foerstal, chapter by Ramsey Clark, International Action Center, New York, 2000. 5. Hidden Agenda: U.S./NATO Takeover of Yugoslavia, by Ramsey Clark and others, International Action Center, New York, 2002. 6. NATO in the Balkans: Voices of Opposition, by Ramsey Clark and others, International Action Center, New York, 1998. 7. Metal of Dishonor — Depleted Uranium: How the Pentagon Radiates Soldiers & Civilians with DU Weapons, by Ramsey Clark and others, International Action Center, New York, 1997 (revised edition 1999). 8. Challenge to Genocide: Let Iraq Live, by Ramsey Clark and others, International Action Center, New York, 1998. 9. The Children Are Dying: The Impact of Sanctions on Iraq, Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, with introduction by Ramsey Clark, World View Forum, New York, 1996. 10.War Crimes: A Report on United States War Crimes Against Iraq to the Commission of Inquiry for the International War Crimes Tribunal, by Ramsey Clark and Others, with introduction by Ramsey Clark, Maisonneuve Press, Washington, D.C., 1992. 11.The U.S. Invasion of Panama: The Truth Behind Operation Just Cause, Independent Commission of Inquiry on the U.S. Invasion of Panama, by Ramsey Clark and others, South End Press, Boston, 1991.


Optimizing information flow in a dense wireless network using discrete methods can be computationally prohibitive. Instead of treating the nodes as discrete entities, these networks can be modeled as continuum of nodes providing a medium for information transport. To model information routes in continuous space, information flow vector field is defined over the geographical domain of the network. At each point of the network, the orientation of the vector field shows the direction of the flow of information, and its magnitude shows the density of information flow. Using multivariate calculus techniques in continuous domain, an information flow vector field can be found such that it minimizes a suitable cost function. Then the solution is discretized. Conventionally, a centralized method of calculating the optimal information flow in the network is suggested; however, using a centralized method to optimize information flow in a dynamic network is prohibitive. Additionally, the value of information flow vector field is needed only at the locations of nodes in the network. This poses a gap between the continuous space and discrete space models of information flow in dense wireless networks. This gap is how to calculate and apply the optimum information flow derived in continuous domain in a network with finite number of nodes. As a first step to fill this gap, a specific quadratic cost function is considered. It is proved that the the vector field that minimizes this cost function is irrotational, thus it is written as the gradient of a potential function. This potential function satisfies a Poisson Partial Differential Equation (PDE) which in conjunction with Neumann boundary condition has a unique solution up to a constant. The PDE resulted by optimization in continuous domain is first discretized and then solved in a distributed fashion. The solution requires only neighboring nodes to communicate with each other. The gradient of the resulting potential defines the routes that the traffic should be forwarded.


The invention discloses a vacuum glass assembly with a condensing lens array. The vacuum glass assembly is provided with a dual-layer glass structure, an interlayer is vacuumized and sealed, and the effects of supporting vacuum state and focusing solar light rays at the same time are achieved in a way that the condensing lens array is arranged on one surface of a layer of glass towards the interlayer. The vacuum glass assembly is good in heat insulation performance and can be applied to the field of solar photo-thermal condensation; and especially for the field of high- and medium-temperature flat plate heat collectors, the application of the glass assembly means a breakthrough in heat collection temperature and photo-thermal conversion efficiency.


The higher education system in Portugal, in recent decades, experienced profound structural changes, including a substantial increase in the number of higher education institutions, scattered throughout the country, with a growing number of students and teachers. The subject of this study is to examine the characteristics of current supply and demand within the higher education subsystem, in Portugal. The methodological approach includes two steps: first, making a characterization of key variables that shape demand and supply of higher education in Portugal and, second, using spatial econometric analysis, particularly multidimensional scaling, in order to estimate the location of universities.


Of all the continents, Australia has the longest documented record of lungfish (or dipnoan) evolution (Hills 1958, 103) ranging from the early Devonian marine genus Dipnorhynchus (Thomson and Campbell 1971) to the extant Queensland freshwater form, Neoceratodus forsteri (Krefft 1870). Until the recent discovery of well-preserved, articulated dipnoan remains in the marine late Devonian Gogo Formation of the Kimberleys, Western Australia (Miles 1979) and in the late Devonian continental deposits of the Mt. Howitt Province, central Victoria (Marsden 1976, 122) few Australian fossil dipnoans have been represented by material sufficiently well-preserved to allow complete restorations to be made.


"Peace Signs" is the ultimate collection of posters and graphics from the war in Iraq--uncensored, political, and thought-provoking. It includes over 200 full color posters from artists and designers from over 22 countries worldwide, featuring artwork by the prominent American poster artists Seth Tobocman, Shepard Fairey, Winston Smith, Chuck Sperry, Sue Coe, Ward Sutton, Nicole Schuman, and Mike Flugennock.


Phenotyping, mainly plant' health monitoring, is labor-and time-intensive, particularly for large-scale operations like maize plantations. Therefore, this research used a drone equipped with an RGB image to photograph the whole plantation quickly. On the other hand, RGB photographs do not categorize plants and weeds due to high brightness, shadows, and overlapped foliage. Therefore, several segmentation algorithms are used to solve various challenges. For instance, threshold-based segmentation can only accept progressive illumination, which is crucial for outdoor lighting, simplicity, and distinguishing objects with identical hues. For this kind of segmentation, however, intense light requires modification. Consequently, threshold-based segmentation was improved to normalize the disturbances above while rapidly separating leaves from weeds. In this manner, the Enhanced threshold-based segmentation had applied to RGB images of maize plantations like cornfields with distractions seen in the gathered photos with a segmentation accuracy of 92.41%. In comparison, the threshold-based segmentation had used in the same dataset without normalizing the picture's luminance, with a segmentation accuracy of 5.71%. Thus, the enhanced segmentation method improved segmentation accuracy by 86.7% compared to threshold-based segmentation, which is limited to extreme light conditions. Thus, the incorporated normalization in the segmentation process significantly increases the segmentation accuracy.


Introduction: Orbital radar sounding has provided a new ability to probe the interior of polar deposits on Mars. A few of the many long-standing questions [1] regarding Planum Boreum have now been answered as a new perspective on its long-term evolution has emerged. These advances have come about primarily from examining large-scale stratigraphic relationships previously hidden from view, combined with decades of previous studies that provide critical context. The age of Planum Boreum has remained an elusive goal; however, new insights regarding the history of the North Polar Layered Deposits (NPLD) are recently available. It is increasingly evident that the NPLD have been shaped by the same processes acting today, namely deposition and erosion resulting from surface-atmosphere interactions. Paleoclimate modeling can link changes in orbital parameters to atmospheric conditions and surface temperatures in order to predict the temporal and spatial patterns of ice accumulation. We show that the overall accumulation history of the NPLD as represented by the internal radar stratigraphy is, to first order, consistent with a model that produces a north polar ice mass only during the most recent 4 Myr [2]. Radar Sounding: Radar sounding by SHARAD on Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter [3] has enabled the mapping of the uppermost surface of the basal unit (BU) [4,5] and internal structure of the overlying NPLD [4,6]. While bulk composition has been constrained by radar to be ~95% water ice [4,7], radar reflectors are assumed to arise from variations in dust content that impact the dielectric properties of the layers [6,8]. Dominant Processes: Ice flow has previously been proposed as a significant factor in shaping the overall morphology of Gemina Lingula (GL; Fig. 1a) [9-11]. However, the analysis of internal radar stratigraphy including a 3-dimensional flow model contradicts this [12]. Deformation by glacial flow therefore appears to not have impacted stratigraphy in a significant way. This is in contrast to mid-latitude glacial features that have clear viscous-flow morphologies [13-15] and are estimated to be at least 100 Myr old and therefore have experienced extreme variations in obliquity [16]. Lack of significant NPLD flow provides a different constraint on its thermal history. Likewise, there is no evidence yet identified in radar stratigraphy to support basal melting of NPLD from enhanced geothermal flux or brittle deformation on large scales. Furthermore, sedimentary structures indicate that aeolian processes have played a major role throughout PB's history. This is clearly a dominant force at work both within the basal unit [17] and in the uppermost NPLD. In the higher portions of the NPLD until present, stratigraphic structures indicate the first appearance of spiral troughs and their subsequent migration during deposition ([18], Fig. 1b). This finding and the unique inter-trough stratigraphy negates hypotheses relying on recent incision to create the troughs and supports an origin with katabatic winds as a critical driver [19]. Accumulation History: Stratigraphy within the NPLD indicates the dominance of processes that are sedimentary in nature; therefore we use large-scale stratigraphic unconformities to define the major depositional sequence boundaries. At least three large-scale depositional sequences are preserved (Figs. 1b, 1c), each of which is bounded by an erosional event [20]. The lower of these depositional units was mapped across Planum Boreum to reveal the early a p p e a r a n c e o f Chasma Boreale [21]. A higher unconformity found in the saddle region east of Chasma Boreale indicates a


A Fault Detection and Isolation (FDI) system for proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) has been presented in this paper. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is used to detect the faults. An Input\output data set have been acquisitioned from PEMFC and used to design an ANN model. The model designed gives a steady state prediction for a given input. The output of the PEMFC is compared to the output of the model, then a residual signal is monitored and used to detect the faults. Three types of faults have been studied in the presented work, which are: Abrupt, Incipient and Intermittent faults. The steady state model designed and simulated using Matlab. Then the ANN model has been downloaded to a hardware platform which is Spartan3 starter FPGA kit. The challenge of this study is to convert the FDI system to VHDL code to be downloaded to the FPGA. Due to the hardware limitation, the performance decreased by 5% and using an advanced features FPGA kit could remove that limitation. Copyright © 2018 International Energy and Environment Foundation All rights reserved.


Today enterprises are facing with the rapid development of information technology, fierce competition and complex business environment. So a large number of enterprises bear enormous risk pressure brought by the uncertainty. Therefore, it's of great significance to research on risk evaluation of technological innovation undoubtedly. This thesis describes the composition and index system of the enterprise's technological innovation risk, and adopts method of information entropy to define weight. Combining the established matter-element evaluation model and the calculating formula, it confirms the risky rank of enterprise's technological innovation and approves the scientific and feasibilities of this method, through the risk evaluation of enterprise's technological innovation.


Background. Currently, using of osteointegrated titanium implants has become a key component for restoring lost function in various areas of clinical medicine. The actual issue remains preservation or reconstruction of bone tissue for optimal use of titanium implants in traumatology and orthopedics, as well as in maxillofacial surgery. One of the most common grafts are hydroxyapatite-based material with various inclusions, for example, an antibiotic.The aim of the study is to characterize the regeneration of bone tissue of the jaws alveolar ridge using the hydroxyapatite-based material "Collapan-L" in clinical practice.Material and Methods. The study of the material "Collapan-L" (Intermedapatit, Russia) using involved 30 patients with a diagnosis "chronic periodontitis of the tooth". Patients underwent complex surgical and orthopedic treatment to restore masticatory function. At the first stage, teeth were removed with the "Collapan-L" material used to preserve the alveolus. 4 months after extraction, dental implantation was performed with simultaneous trephine biopsy from the augmentation zone for histomorphometric analysis. At the stage of implant placement and before prosthetics the stability dynamics was measured.Results. The study involved 42 tissue samples obtained at periods from 9 to 32 weeks after removal. The morphological assessment of bone tissue from the implantation zone determined that after 4 months trabeculae from the newly formed bone, including small fragments of biomaterial, were revealed; at the same time, there were signs of biodegradation of the implanted material fragments, there was no inflammatory infiltrate. After 6 months in a significant part of cases the granules of bone material were not found, which indicates a pronounced osseointegration of the material. In its structure, the formed bone tissue differences barely noticeable from the native one, which allows us to conclude that by the time of 24 weeks, the processes of reparative osteogenesis in the alveolus are completed.Conclusion. Histological examination and assessment of changes in the stability showed that using of bone replacement material after tooth extraction can increase the regenerative potential of bone tissue, avoid additional surgical interventions to increase the volume of bone tissue in the area of future implantation, and the formed bone tissue is close in its structure to the native one.


Spherical morphology LiNi_(1/3)Co_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)O_2 as a cathode material of lithium ion batteries was successfully synthesized by an ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method.The effects of different precur- sor solution on the morphology of particles were investigated.The reasons of morphology difference were analysed by using the process mechanism of spray pyrolysis.In addition,the impacts of vari- ous post-treatment sintering time on electrochemical performances of the samples were characterized. Experimental results show that the cathode material synthesized by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis using nitrate as precursor solution,followed by sintering at 900℃for 6h,exhibits excellent electrochemical properties.In the voltage range of 3.0-4.3V,initial discharge capacity of the sample is 157.7mAh.g~(-1) and its capacity retains 146.6mAh.g~(-1)after 40 cycles.


For many years, the Wheatstone bridge has been used successfully to measure electrical resistance and changes in that resistance. However, the inherent problem of varying lead wire resistance can cause errors when the Wheatstone bridge is used to measure strain in a flight environment. The constant current loop signal-conditioning card was developed to overcome that difficulty. This paper describes a limited evaluation of the constant current loop strain measurement method as used in the F-16XL ship 2 Supersonic Laminar Flow Control flight project. Several identical strain gages were installed in close proximity on a shock fence which was mounted under the left wing of the F- 1 6XL ship 2. Two strain gage bridges were configured using the constant current loop, and two were configured using the Wheatstone bridge circuitry. Flight data comparing the output from the constant current loop configured gages to that of the Wheatstone bridges with respect to signal output, error, and noise are given. Results indicate that the constant current loop strain measurement method enables an increased output, unaffected by lead wire resistance variations, to be obtained from strain gages.


This paper presents a new Bayesian regression and learning algorithm for adaptive pattern classification. Our aim is to continuously update regression parameters to meet nonstationary environments for real-world applications. Here, a kernel regression model is used to represent two-class data. The initial regression parameters are estimated by maximizing the likelihood of training data. To activate online learning, we properly express the randomness of regression parameters as a conjugate prior, which is a normal-gamma distribution. When new adaptation data are enrolled, we can accumulate sufficient statistics and come up with a new normal-gamma distribution as the posterior distribution. We therefore exploit a recursive Bayesian algorithm for online regression and learning. Regression parameters are incrementally adapted to the newest environments. Robustness of classification rule is assured using online regression parameters. In the experiments on face recognition, the proposed regression algorithm outperforms support vector machine and relevance vector machine for different numbers of adaptation data.


This research aims to examine the association between board of commissioner
characteristics and firm characteristics to the Risk Management Committee (RMC)
disclosure). RMC disclosure in question is the existence of RMC in the company,
whether affiliated with the audit committee or separate from the audit committee and
independent. Characteristics of the board of commissioners used in the study are
independent commissioners, board size, and frequency of meetings. While the
characteristics of companies that used such a reputation of auditors, financial
reporting risks, complexity, and leverage.
Collecting data using a purposive sampling method to non-financial
companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2008 until 2009. A total of 140
non-financial companies used as a sample. Hypothesis testing is done by using
logistic regression analysis.
The results of this study indicate that the variables that affect the existence of
RMC which affiliated with the audit committee are auditor reputation variables and
control variables firm size. While the variables that affect the existence of separate
RMC from the audit committee are meeting frequency and control variables firm size.


Contrast‐induced acute kidney injury (CI‐AKI) is associated with poor outcome. Whether this association differs in stable coronary artery disease (CAD) as compared to acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients is unknown.


An error correction algorithm for phase-shift of current transducers(CT) and potential transducers(PT) in electric energy meters is presented in this paper. The equivalent circuits of CTs and PTs with inductances and resistances are also studied. In the actual application systems of measurement, a transient process is created in a RL circuit, and then the frequency and time constant of RL circuits can be accurately estimated using numerical differentiation methods. With the measured frequency and time constant, the phase-shift angle of CTs and PTs can be estimated. An algorithm for computing active and reactive power which is used to compensate the phase-shift angle of CTs and PTs is presented. In a study example simulated in an electric energy meter, the proposed algorithm shows higher accuracy and less time requirement.


The purpose of this research was to ascertain the population's knowledge about oral cancer and propose permanent actions incorporated to the Primordial Prevention Measures. Materials and Methods : There were apply questionnaires in 120 patients of a Basic Health Unit, and most the sample were female and the aged was between 18-82 years. Results: The results showed that most of users don't know adequately about the oral cancer, of which, some believe it's a communicable disease, others believe it's not even a disease. Users know some of the risk factors, but they don't know how to perform self-examination of the mouth. Conclusions: It is suggested the incorporation of three new actions to Prevention Primordial Measure, including the creation of a permanent program in Elementary and Secondary Education Schools, encouraging in favor of self-examination of the mouth and against the use of tobacco and alcohol; the training of dentists from the public care about the actions of measures in Primary and Secondary Prevention; and the integration of effective communication about the actions of measures in Primary and Secondary Prevention.


General analysis was made for the snow process data of Qingdao City from February 17 to 18,2005.The Doppler radar data shows why the Qingdao coastal area became the snowfall center.The reason is that: a mesoscalecyclone appeared over the Qingdao coastal area,and vapor was transported favorably.


Some reformation that has been done on the domestic equipment which producing 118 dtex/96 f POY polyester filament was briefly introduced.The selection of technology condition such as water content of dry chip, spinning temperature, filter sand charge ratio, cooling and shaping condition were discussed.


With a worldwide GPS network, the data of the July 14-18, 2000 geomagnetic storm and the October 28-November 1, 2003 storm is studied and compared using the technique for nowcasting of GPS TEC developed by the ionospheric station of Wuhan ionosphere observatory. In this paper, the ionospheric responses and the TEC variation during these two storms are discussed, especially the reducing and moving of the perturbation structure around the geomagnetic equator during storms and the ionospheric responses of high latitude part are analyzed. The results show that the ionospheric responses during these two storms are different and this difference is primarily caused by the seasonal difference of the magnetospheric energy deposition into the polar upper atmosphere. It is shown that the TEC variation is associated with the local time the solar perturbing occurred and the coupling of the ionospheric particles of high latitude with the solar particle. If there are several magnetic storms occurring in series, the ionospheric responses are more complex and disordered than the state that only one storm occur in a few days.


Interlaminar shear properties of a high temperature polymer matrix composite (HTPMC) and a ceramic matrix composite (CMC) were evaluated at elevated temperature. Two variants of the HTPMC were studied. Both consisted of a high-temperature polyimide (AFR-PE-4) matrix reinforced with Astroquartz-III pre-impregnated glass fabric woven in an eight-harness-satin weave. The first HTPMC variant also contained stainless steel foil at the midplane, while the second HTPMC variant did not. The interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of both variants of the HTPMC was evaluated at 204◦C in laboratory air. The addition of the stainless steel foil resulted in significant loss of ILSS for the HTPMC. The CMC studied in this work was fabricated via chemical vapor infiltration. The CMC had an oxidation-inhibited matrix consisting of alternating layers of SiC and B4C and was reinforced with Hi-Nicalon fibers woven in a five-harness-satin weave. Fiber preforms had pyrolytic carbon coating and boron carbide overlay applied. The ILSS of the CMC was measured at 1300◦C in laboratory air. Additionally, creep performance in interlaminar shear of the CMC was evaluated at 1300◦C in air and in steam. The creep behavior was assessed for interlaminar shear stresses varying from 12 MPa to 20 MPa in air and in steam. In air and in steam, creep run-out of 100 h was achieved at 13 MPa. Both primary and secondary creep regimes were noted in all tests. Presence of steam had little effect on creep performance. The retained properties of the specimens that attained run-out were characterized. Preand post-test composite microstructures were examined to evaluate damage and failure mechanisms.


Beams are the most important part of any reinforced concrete structural frame as they carry bending moments and shear force coming from the member supported on it. Generally, beams used in construction of RCC frame structure are prismatic in section and more specifically rectangular in section. As there are many advantages of such beam in short span and medium span beam, they become very much thicker, weighted and bulky for the long span. Thus, they become inefficient and uneconomical. The haunch beam having varying cross-sectional area will be more efficient and economical for large span beams. The hunched beam may also be used as part of RCC portal frame with various advantages in terms of strength, stability, economy and efficiency. Haunch beam frame structure is very much beneficial under static loading as well as under earthquake loading too. Present study gives a broad review over the many advantages of the haunch beam and haunch beam frame structure through analytical and experimental works.


This paper deals with the problem of forecasting the class of the daily clearness index which can be relevant for PV applications. A large number of solar stations, publicly available, was processed by using five different approaches, namely, the feed-forward neural networks, the Hidden Markov models, the Naive-Bayes models, the Surrogate models and the Persistent models. Experimental results show that one-day ahead forecasting of the class of daily clearness can be reliable performed in a 2-class framework and with less accuracy in a 3-class framework. Furthermore, for this purpose, the HMM approach is recommended among the considered ones. The global performance of the class prediction models, evaluated by calculating the average confusion rate (CR), showed that using HMM models provide CR ≤ 0.3 for 2-class clustering classes, while, for the 3-class framework it rises to 0.35.


The author (1) has made an investigation to clarify from the public health point of view the distribution of thiaminase diseases1 and the carriers of Bacillus thiaminolyticus Matsukawa et Misawa (BMM) in Kobe and its suburbs, and has obtained the frequencies of 3 and 9 per cent respectively, approximately agreeing with the data given by Matsukawa et al. (2). This fact reveals the clinical and nutritional importance of this disease. The administration of a preparation of lactobacilli was proved to be effective for the treatment of BMM carriers. However, some subjects became positive again for the bacillus after discontinuing to take the preparation. When BMM was given to healthy subjects, no mearked change took place as was shown in the experiment of Sawada et al. (3). It is therefore to be assumed that there is some disposition favoring the growth of BMM in the intestinal tract in some subjects, as Matsukawa et al. had already pointed out. Hori kawa (4) observed that the disposed subjects alone became BMM carriers. They were in common apt to constipate, excreting a viscous feces of a pe culiar odor and with a neutral reaction, and to be fond of meat diets. Matsukawa and Takato (5) reported that no BMM carrier was detected in the families of thiaminase disease patients. But there remains much to be investigated concerning the nature of the disposition for BMM carriers.


Objective The purposes of this study was intended to retrospectively evalute the clinical features and surgical approaches of the intracranial aneurysms of posterior circulation Methods Twenty vertebrobasilar aneurysms were treated in our department through 1979 and 1996 Two surgical approaches including the pterional and the subtemporal approach were adopted Of all intracranial aneurysms 20 vertebrobasilar artery aneurysms accounted for 9 3%,of which posterior cerebral artery 12 cases,basilar artery 6 cases,anterior inferior cerebellar artery and posterior inferior cerebellar artery 1 case,respectively There was subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAⅡ) in 13 cases(65 0%) It was operated on by microsurgery in 16 cases Aneurysm embolozation was carried out in 2 cases and no treatment in the remaining 2 cases Results Sixteen cases were excelent or good,2 mildly sidable,and there was no mortality Conclusions The vertebrobasilar aneurysms tended to be large insize,to thrombose and present with compression symptoms of the brain stem and cranial nerves The pterional approach could be avaliable to expose the distal basilar PCA superior cerebellar artery and P 1~P 2 segment aneurysms,and the subtemporal approach for P 1~P 3 aneurysms


Studies of Senegal and Nigeria are reviewed in the context of regional vulnerability to accelerated sea-level rise. They suggest that West Africa is particularly vulnerable for a number of physical, socio-economic and institutional reasons. Existing hazards in the coastal zone, including erosion, are already significant. Effective policies to deal with these existing problems are required and would also reduce vulnerability to accelerated sea-level rise.


In article the author considers concept of top management which represents difficult, complex concept, corresponding to which it is possible to apply for a rank of the real top manager; and also substitution of concepts of the top management definition which value sharply differs from the West where the school of the highest management is brightly traced is investigated.


So far, solar energy is one of the inexhaustible and reliable energies that are known for their low running costs and low maintenance. It has become a potential solution for sustainable energy in the future. Since this renewable energy source has become increasingly integrated into the electrical grid, there is a growing need to control and monitor it in real time to optimize network performance and make it more and more intelligent , stable and remotely controllable.This article proposes a secure architecture for remote data acquisition from solar panels using the Internet of Things (IOT) with voltage, current, temperature, solar irradiance sensors and other field devices. The data will be routed to the Raspberry Pi then stored on the IOT cloud service. This data can be accessed from a web interface on the phone.The architecture discussed in this article can facilitate faults diagnosis, data collection for forecasting, preventive maintenance…


A modified acceleration variance adaptive filtering algorithm based on Current Statistical Model(CSM) is presented.The tracking performance dependance on the positive and negative maxmum amax and a-maxof the acceleration in the former algorithm is eliminated by the modified algorithm.It is proved that the modified algorithm is better in terms of tracking performance and range than the former algorithm through the theoretical analysis and Monte Carlo simulation.


Patients who face making a high-stakes decision—whether or not to accept a lifesaving intervention—may make a decision that their careproviders believe is deeply and dangerously mistaken. How can careproviders best help patients in such situations? If a determination of competency exam seems to be in the patients' best interests, how can careproviders refer their patients without betraying their patients' trust, given that the trust between patients and careproviders is one of the most powerful tools careproviders have in working with patients? Ethically, is it possible for careproviders to participate in determinations of competency for their own patients? I will present approaches that careproviders can adopt to help patients who "won't budge" when making what appear to be dangerously erroneous choices regarding lifesaving interventions.


Evaluation of changes in microbial community structure and purification capacity in tidal flat sediment with and without clams are important in order to clarify the relationship between clams and microorganisms on the improvement of tidal flat purification function. The objectives of this research are to evaluate the effect of clam on changes in microbial community structure and purification capacity of tidal flat sediments. Mesocosm of artificial tidal flat sediment with and without clams in Aichi Fisheries Research Institute, Gamagori, Aichi, Japan were employed in this experiment. It was found that clams increased diversity, number of quinone species, and density of menaquinone (MK) containing bacteria in tidal flat sediment. Diversity of quinone profile increased from about 9 at initial condition to about 11.6 after 4-month clam acclimations. Number of quinone species also increased from 12 to 15 at the same time. Increases in biodegradability of organic matter and changes in chemicals environment caused changes in microbial community structure in tidal flat sediment with clams. NH4-N concentration in tidal flat sediment with clams was about 3 times higher than in the sediment without clams. This condition was suitable for nitrifying bacteria growth and increase nitrification process in tidal flat sediment with clams. High activity of nitrifying bacteria produced higher concentration of NO3-N. Also, clam activities and high concentration of biodegradable compounds depleted dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration in the sediment. This condition was suitable for MK-containing bacteria growth. High concentration of MK-containing bacteria and low concentration of DO were suitable condition for NO3-N removal from tidal flat sediment. NO3-N removal capacity in upper layer of tidal flat sediment with clams was about 3 times higher than in the sediment without clams.


We examined bird and plant communities among forest stands with different levels of spruce mortality following a large outbreak of spruce beetles (Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby)) in the Copper River Basin, Alaska. Spruce beetles avoided stands with black spruce (Picea mariana) and selectively killed larger diameter white spruce (Picea glauca), thereby altering forest structure and increasing the dominance of black spruce in the region. Alders (Alnus sp.) and crowberry (Empetrum nigrum) were more abundant in areas with heavy spruce mortality, possibly a response to the death of overstory spruce. Grasses and herbaceous plants did not proliferate as has been recorded following outbreaks in more coastal Alaskan forests. Two species closely tied to coniferous habitats, the tree-nesting Ruby-crowned Kinglet (Regulus calendula) and the red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus), a major nest predator, were less abundant in forest stands with high spruce mortality than in low-mortality stands. Understory-nesting bir...


The 66‐year‐old woman was diagnosed with "acute myocardial infarction" due to acute triple vessel occlusion based on clinical symptoms, laboratory examination, and coronary angiography (CAG), but her ECG showed ST‐segment depression in leads aVR and aVL, in addition to ST‐segment elevation in a wide range of leads (V1–V9, V3R–V5R, II, III, and aVF). Thus, a perfect explanation with the existing theory is difficult, and only the case is presented here.


A multi-beam cylindrical lens antenna operating at mm-wave frequencies has been designed using dielectric-filled parallel plate techniques. The system is composed of a homogeneous cylindrical lens and an arc feed array of planar linearly tapered slot antenna (LTSA). The cylindrical lens is made out of Rexolite (ϵ r = 2.54) and sandwiched between two parallel plates. The LTSA feed array is placed between the parallel plates at the periphery of the cylindrical lens to launch multiple beams. A ray-tracing method and CST-MWS are used to analyze and design this cylindrical lens antenna at 30 GHz. Measured results of a fabricated cylindrical lens, with a diameter of 100 mm, show good agreement with simulations. The measured 3-dB E- and H-plane beamwidths are 6.0° and 52°, respectively, and the sidelobe level in the E-plane is −14.7 dB. An impedance bandwidth of 16.7% is achieved over which the measured aperture efficiencies are better than 61.5%. The measured E-plane patterns of a 25-beam array with a crossover of −3 dB and a scan angle of 150° are also demonstrated, which provide a wide scan angle at mm-wave band.


In The Netherlands a new freight‐only railway route, the ''Betuweroute,'' is being planned to carry freight traffic from Rotterdam harbor east into Germany. Inhabitants of areas near the future route are concerned about noise and vibration, and question the relevance of current legislation for a ''freight‐only'' line. Results of analyses on existing data show no consistent differences in exposure–response relations between routes with a small or high proportion of freight trains, once the effects of different noise levels are removed. Thus these results do not support the need for special legislative provisions for freight‐only lines. However, hardly any freight‐only train route was included in the analyses, and concern remains. The most western part of the future Betuweroute is an existing freight‐only line, the ''Harbour line.'' Some 109 inhabitants living near this line were interviewed in order to pretest the questionnaire for a social survey in areas along the future Betuweroute. For most homes accur...


53 of 3100 abortions at Bombay hospital were septic abortions, giving an incidence of 1.7%. Various factors of possible etiological significance were analyzed, including age, parity, marital status, duration of gestation, and the mode of interference leading to sepsis. 36 of 53 patients were aged 20-30 years, but other age groups were represented. In the present study, gravidity was not relevant, for all gravidity groups, from primipara to grand multipara 5 and above, had patients suffering septic abortions. 9 patients were married and gave a history of interference; in all, 38 patients were married, 22 were unmarried, and 4 were widows. 23 patients gave a definite mode of interference, and the most common method was interference with a stick. 43% mortality occurred in patients giving a history of interference, and 36% mortality occurred in others. Vaginal and cervical cultures revealed (16 cases studied) 5 cases of CL. tetani, 1 case of E. coli, and 10 patients showing strepto-, staphylo-, pneumococcal infections. In this series, 21 of 53 patients died: 8 of tetanus, 3 or renal failure, 4 of septicemia, 2 of hemorrhagic diathesis, and 3 of endotoxic shock. 1 patient had acute bacterial endocarditis and pulmonary embolism at sutopsy. It is this article's contention that the main cause of sepsis is using an instrument to induce abortion during an unwanted pregnancy; hence, a plea is made for more liberalized abortion legislation.


To the Editor:

Two important studies addressing the role of transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) microemboli detection and stroke prevention have been published recently.1,2 Markus and MacKinnon1 studied 200 patients within 3 months of a focal neurological event. Their study demonstrated that the presence of microembolic signals detected during 1 hour of TCD monitoring was an independent predictor of future stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA). Two major implications were proposed, first that TCD emboli detection could be useful for risk stratification in patients with carotid stenosis and, second, that the technique could be used to assess the efficacy of antithrombotic therapy. In the recently published Clopidogrel and Aspirin for Reduction of Emboli in Symptomatic Carotid Stenosis (CARESS) trial,2 dual antiplatelet therapy (aspirin plus clopidogrel) resulted in more effective control of microembolic signals than single antiplatelet therapy (aspirin alone). There was an associated reduction in the subsequent prevalence of TIAs and strokes.

Similar conclusions were drawn by the authors of both studies, in particular those patients with …


To achieve an unnoticeable postoperative scar in patients with little abdominal skin laxity for breast reconstruction by deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flap, we devised a new design called the low‐rise scar DIEP flap; the skin paddle of this flap is located lower with a smaller vertical width, and more adipose tissue is elevated to obtain enough volume. The purpose of this report is to evaluate the utility of the low‐rise scar DIEP flap compared with that of the conventionally designed flap.


Background: In areas highly endemic for malaria, Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) infection prevalence peaks in school-age children, adversely affecting their health and education. School-based intermittent preventive treatment reduces this burden, however concerns about cost and widespread use of antimalarial drugs have limited enthusiasm for this approach. School-based screening-and-treatment is an attractive alternative. We conducted a school-based cohort study to evaluate the impact of screening-and-treatment on the prevalence of Pf infection and anemia in two different transmission settings. Methods: We screened 704 students in four Malawian primary schools for Pf infection using rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). Those testing positive were treated with artemether-lumefantrine. Outcomes were Pf infections detected by microscopy or PCR and anemia after six weeks. Results: Prevalence of infection by RDT at screening was 37% (range among schools 9-64%). We detected a significant reduction after six weeks in infections by microscopy (adjusted relative reduction (aRR) 47.1%, p<0.0001) and PCR (aRR 23.1%, p<0.0001), but no reduction in anemia. In low, seasonal prevalence areas, sub-patent infections at screening led to persistent infection, but not disease, during follow-up. In high transmission settings, new infections frequently occurred within six weeks after treatment. Conclusions: School-based screening-and-treatment reduced Pf infection but not anemia. This approach could be enhanced in low transmission settings by using more sensitive screening tests and in high transmission settings by repeating the intervention or using longer acting drugs.


In this paper, by using the concept of the conditional possibility, we construct a new measure for analyzing of ordered-data. This measure is more reasonable than the classical mean, and get meaningful result, because, in the definition of this measure, we consider the natures of randomness and incompleteness information of these data. Furthermore, when the classical mean gets similar results for different sets of data, this measure will give different results corresponding to them.


Bloody clam Tegillarca granosa, distributes along the south and west Pacific Ocean, belonging to Mollusca, Bivalvia, Arcoida, Arcidae, is one of four traditional culture species of shellfish in China. Containing abundant protein and vitamin B12, also being tasty and delicious, it has been farmed in a large scale along the south coast of China. In recent years, expending culture in area and scale, some diseases in T.granosa population are causing heavy harm in some farms. Except for the deterioration of the ocean environment, degradation of the genetic resource of T. granosa is thought to be responsible for the problem, demanding better breeding and seeding technology for T. granosa, which is also, to study in its bioenergetics. The analysis of isozyme gene expression is not only important for the discovery of certain functional gene and its regulation mechanism but also useful for exiting some special physiological phenomenon happened during early life stage of an organism. Many previous cases reported that certain gene expression pattern in ontogeny is related to some important physiological events. T. granosa is an important economical shellfish in China seas. Although many researches have been done on this species, but yet there is no study reported on isozyme gene expression pattern in its ontogeny. In this study, mechanism of the isozyme gene expression change in ontogeny of T. granosa. 10 isozymes were chosen to carry out the experiment by vertical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. They are lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malic enzyme (ME), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), ester (EST), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) and peroxidase (POD). Samples from 19 different life stages of T. granosa were collected from the Institute of Zhejiang Mariculture. In laboratory, the samples were homogenized in 0.05% mercaptoethanol buffer at ratio of 1∶3 (W/V) with ice-bath immediately and centrifuged by 12000r/min for 30 minutes at 4℃. The supernatant was collected and used for the experiment. Like other organisms, the expression of isozyme genes in T. granosa showed significant changes in different life stages and physiological activity. In general, the enzymes could be divided into two types. The first type was found in all stages of individual development, which may be coded by "house keeping genes"; the second type was found only in some special stages, whose expression showed certain connection with special physiological activities. Our analysis on the changes of all zymograms revealed that there are two basic changes in 19 stages of embryo development. One appears in the stage of 32-cell-period, in which the amount of enzyme bands increased rapidly, suggesting that the 32-cell-period is the expression start of zygote genes, the other happened in the stage of metamorphosis period, in which the amount of enzyme bands decreased rapidly, it may be related with changes of moving fashion, intensity of metabolism and living environment of T. granosa larva. The regulative mechanism of isozyme gene of T. granosa was also discussed in this paper, which may give a reference to further research of gene regulations in other organisms.


Pesin's formula asserts that metric entropy of a dynamical system is equal to the sum of its positive Lyapunov exponents, where metric entropy measures the chaoticity of the system, whereas Lyapunov exponents measure the asymptotic exponential rate of separation of nearby trajectories. It is well known, that this formula holds for dynamical systems on a compact Riemannian manifold with an invariant probability measure. Translation invariant Brownian flows is a specific class of stochastic flows on R with independent and stationary increments and with a distribution, which is invariant with respect to translations in R. They have a Lyapunov spectrum but do not have an invariant probability measure. We represent translation invariant Brownian flows as random dynamical systems in the sense of [18] and [25]. Further, we define entropy for translation invariant (in distribution with respect to translations in R) random dynamical systems restricting the definition to the unit cube. It turns out that this definition makes sense because of the translation invariance of the systems. After that, we show that for translation invariant random dynamical systems the defined entropy is less then or equal to the sum of their positive Lyapunov exponents. Moreover, we establish Pesin's formula in the case when the system preserves the volume. This also implies the respective results for translation invariant Brownian flows. We also discuss an alternative approach to the definition of entropy. We define entropy for random dynamical systems with the fixed origin using ideas of Brin and Katok, see [9]. After that we prove Ruelle's inequality with respect to this definition, i.e. we bound from above the defined entropy by the sum of positive Lyapunov exponents of the systems. This implies the respective result for translation invariant random dynamical systems and translation invariant Brownian flows.


Eureka! SAS programming in the pharmaceutical industry is a very rewarding career. For the manager, when hiring or dealing with the day to day, having extraordinary SAS programming resources to count on is as good as gold. When looking at a stack of CVs, how do we shake the pan to find the ones that are truly sparkling? That is, how do we select the ones to interview? What makes a good interview and more importantly a good hire? Once integrated into the team, how does the programmer gain trust, and elevate to be the real deal and not just iron pyrite? You can stand out by considering some nuggets of advice that can serve to differentiate you from the others in the eyes of your manager and peers. This paper is for everybody. It breaks down concepts from the manager and employee perspectives, before and after a programmer is added to a team. This is important because job changes occur frequently in the course of a career. You can shine from the very start and get brighter over time! Topics will be explored on how to develop as a programmer, how to communicate with your manager, clients and peers, and how to develop your leadership potential. The ideas unearthed in this presentation will set you on your quest to build a solid gold career.


s of MMA2013 & AMOE2013, May 27–30, 2013, Tartu, Estonia c © 2013 University of Tartu REGULARIZATION BY DISCRETIZATION: SOME COMPUTATIONAL ASPECTS AND RECENT RESULTS BARBARA KALTENBACHER Alpen-Adria Universitat Universitatsstrase 65-67, 9020 Klagenfurt, Austria E-mail: email@example.com On one hand in practice very often inverse problems are just discretized and then solved. On the other hand discretization itself can be expected to have a regularizing effect (which is often referred to as self-regularization, cf. the seminal paper [5]). In this talk we will give an overview on the principles and some recent results in this context. Especially, we will dwell on aspects like convergence [4], adaptive refinement [3] and multilevel strategies for globalization[1; 2].


The present invention relates to, and more particularly an external video display device that can limit the use for each external device that is connected through an input terminal, and uses control methods provided in the image display device of the video display device. That is, the present invention is to respectively set the availability and connection time for each logical address of the external device can be connected is the external device at a later date is selectively used to allow or use according to the above-mentioned availability and connection time on and to the limit. In addition, the display information and availability information for the connected external device so that the user can grasp the information and status of the external device. Thus, the image display apparatus and use restriction method set the limits for each particular external device and an external device other than the use is permitted is optional, adolescents and children to limit the indiscriminate use of the external device for use in accordance with the present invention by carrying out the use limit the use of the external device-specific or time, there is an effect that it is possible to provide a more efficient use of limited function. An external device, a logical address, used limits


This paper discusses passive intermodulation interference in mobile communication antennas.It introduces the passive nonlinear and its causes in antenna system.At the same time,this paper studies the measurements of mobile communication,provides the typical device measured antenna PIM,and tests the practicality of the measuring devices along with examples,Finally,this paper puts forward the ways of reducing PIM products in mobile communications antenna.


The Genetic Algorithm( GA) has better global search ability,but is easily prone to have premature convergence phenomenon in the practical application,with the low search efficiency in late evolution,while the Great Deluge Algorithm( GDA) is a unique algorithm for solving combinatorial optimization problems. Combined the advantages of the both algorithms,we form the genetic great deluge algorithm( GGDA),and then apply the hybrid algorithm to solve different scales of Multidimensional Knapsack Problem( MKP). The results show that the hybrid algorithm is simple and effective,superior to the standard GA and the GDA.


Wpływ gatunków domieszkowych na wzrost i pokrój dębu szypułkowego (Quercus robur L.) w uprawie założonej metodą Szymańskiego Effect of admixture species on the growth of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) in a plantation established using the Szymanski Method The study involved a comparison of the height, diameter at breast height, slenderness ratio (H/D) and thickness of the thickest branches of 13-year-old pedunculate oak trees growing in a traditional row plantation (variant I) and group plantations established according to the modified Szymanski Method: without the admixture species (variant II), in admixture with linden (variant III) and spruce (variant IV). A single group consisted of 16 trees, planted at a spacing of 30 × 30 cm, group spacing: 6×6 m. The study was conducted in north-eastern Poland (Wipsowo Forest District; N: 53°57', E: 20°41'). It has been shown that oaks growing in a group plantation show a greater average height and slenderness than in a traditional plantation. Peripheral (edge) and internal oaks in a group differed in growth, habit and quality. The presence of an admixture species between the groups made these differences smaller, contributing to an improvement in the quality of edge oaks. The competitive effects of an admixture species on oaks depends on the distance between them. Spruce planted in close proximity (1.5 m) was strongly competitive (inhibition of growth and increasing slenderness of edge oak trees). Linden planted at a distance of 3 m had a positive impact on the quality of oaks and did not cause inhibition of their growth.


Objective: To review the current neurophysiologic basis for the chronic pain experience, as it may apply to chronic whiplash. Findings: There appears to be a dichotomy in our understanding of the chronic pain experience, and its cause. On the one hand, a simple physical tissue trauma that has failed to heal, does not explain what is currently observed as chronic pain behavior. Psychological problems and/or secondary gain are associated factors, suggesting the lack of a physical disorder. Recent findings on the neural mechanisms of pain, indicate that there may be some individuals whose traumatic event may have sensitized certain neurophysiologic processes to interpret as pain, from experiences of otherwise ordinary sensory-perception events. These central sensitization events could be caused or aggravated by various combinations of trauma, psychological disorders, or secondary gain and may provide at least a partial explanation of why some persons may develop chronic pain, and others will not.


Some MAC protocols such as CSMA/CA, MACA adopt backoff mechanism when collisions occur in hidden terminal problem. In this paper, backoff mechanism is entirely abandoned. Instead, the basic idea of PCF is applied to solve hidden terminal problem. When collisions occur at a node, the node considers that there is more than one node means to transmit data to it. Then this node gets control of the channel. It polls all of the one-hop neighbor nodes in its polling list to enquire whether it has data to transmit. This mechanism greatly decreases the unnecessary contending time in backoff mechanism. More time is used to transmit useful payload. As a result, channel utilization is enhanced greatly. Unfairness problem in backoff mechanism is also solved.


We model recent experiments done using the COMET laser at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory to illuminate slab targets of Pd up to 1.25 cm long with a two joule, 600 ps prepulse followed 700 psec later by a six joule, six psec drive pulse. The experiments measure the two-dimensional near-field and far-field laser patterns for the 14.7 nm Ni-like Pd x-ray laser line. The experiments are modeled using the LASNEX code to calculate the hydrodynamic evolution of the plasma and provide the temperatures and densities to the CRETIN code, which then does the kinetics calculations to determine the gain. Using a ray tracing code to simulate the near and far-field output the simulations are then compared with experiments. In addition we model recent experiments that used a streak camera to measure the time duration of the Pd X-ray laser when pumped with a constant energy short pulse with different time durations that ranged from 0.5 to 27 ps.


The critical role of infrastructure in sustaining high rates of economic growth and overall development has been receiving renewed attention in recent years. The World Bank's major annual publication on development imperatives, the World Development Report 1994, is addressed to infrastructure for development. The rapid pace of globalization in many parts of the developing world has brought with it both a demand for more and better quality infrastructure and services, as well as new opportunities in the new climate for private foreign investment. The transportation sector is a key component of the infrastructure sector, and shares many features common to infrastructure generally. At the same time, transportation has distinctive characteristics which distinguish the sector from other infrastructure, and even within transportation, there are major differences between alternative modes. These differences have a close bearing on the manner in which transportation infrastructure and services can be financed.


In recent years,the area of diplomatic protection has been the subject of much work by the ILC,who produced a set of Draft Articles on Diplomatic Protection in 2006.So it is important to research on Draft Articles on Diplomatic Protection in order to protest our country's nationals whose rights were infringed upon by another country for violating international law in accordance with general international law.The nationality,shareholders' protection,exhaustion of local remedies and so on according to Draft Articles on Diplomatic Protection are discussed in the paper.


It is generally accepted that the primary cause of periodontitis is bacterial infection of long duration. In addition there are several risk factors that may increase the probability and severity of periodontitis, one of which is smoking. This is a retrospective clinical study carried out at Saveetha Dental College, Chennai. This study involves the analysis of the most common furcation site among smokers with chronic periodontitis. The data were taken over a period of one year from over June 2019 to March 2020. The sample/data were retrieved and 265 male smokers with periodontitis were examined for grade of furcation involvement based on Glickman's classification. In this study, the most commonest site of furcation among smokers with chronic periodontitis are maxillary molars. Grade 1 furcation > Grade 2 furcation > Grade 3 furcation > Grade 4 furcation. On comparing (Chi square analysis) the grade 1, grade 3 and grade 4 furcation with different age groups, grade 1, grade 3 and grade 4 furcation was mostly seen in maxillary molars of smokers with chronic periodontitis of age group 4150 years. However, it was statistically not significant(p-value >0.05). On comparing the grade 2 furcation with different age groups, Grade 2 furcation was mostly seen in maxillary molars of smokers with chronic periodontitis of the age group 51-60 years and it was statistically significant. Within the limits of the study the most common site of furcation among smokers with chronic periodontitis is maxillary molars.


BackgroundSyncope in patients with supraventricular tachycardia has been suggested to be an ominous finding, predictive of rapid rates during tachycardia. Methods and ResultsTo explore the mechanism of syncope during supraventricular tachycardia, tachycardia was induced in the supine position and after passive head-up tilting to 60° in 13 patients with atrioventricular (AV) node reentry, eight patients with AV reentry, and one patient with atrial tachycardia. Tilt testing was also performed in sinus rhythm for 30 minutes (the last 15 minutes with isoproterenol infusion). Mean±SEM age was 38±3 years, and 11 patients had a history of syncope (median number of syncopal episodes, three; range, one to 30). The cycle length of tachycardia when upright was shorter than when supine (297±9 compared with 357±10 msec, p<0.001), and mean blood pressure fell to a greater extent after the onset of tachycardia (fall in mean blood pressure, 53±6 compared with 24±3 mm Hg, p<0.001). Mean blood pressure correlated significantly with tachycardia cycle length when supine (r = 0.58, p = 0.005) but not when tilted upright (r = 0.18, p = 0.45). Syncope occurred in seven patients during upright tachycardia. These seven patients had a greater fall in mean blood pressure with upright tachycardia than the 15 patients without syncope (fall in mean blood pressure, 70±4 compared with 45±5 mm Hg, p = 0.01), but there was no difference in the tachycardia cycle length (311±10 compared with 290±11 msec, p = 0.29). Six of the seven patients with tachycardia-induced syncope also had syncope with tilt testing in sinus rhythm compared with four of the 15 patients without tachycardia-induced syncope (p = 0.02). ConclusionsThese data support the view that syncope during supraventricular tachycardia is related to vasomotor factors and does not predict a more rapid tachycardia rate.


Preserving forest legacy was an important objective throughout Romanian history and so is today. Artificial forest regeneration (including both reforestation and afforestation) was widely used to ensure the forest continuity, following forest harvesting, or to create new forests on non-forest lands. As Romania has undergone various political changes that affected the socio-economic environment, these changes also left significant marks on forest cover dynamics. In this paper, we chronologically present the historical initiatives to preserve and increase forest cover in Romania, the current practices, available funding and future perspectives on artificial forest regeneration. Increasing forest cover from the current level of 27% to, and beyond European average of 33% seems an ambitious target for Romania. However, that may be achievable if the sources of funding for afforestation would diversify and increase, the available funds would be more effectively accessed, national forestry regulations would be less bureaucratic and the guidelines on artificial forest regeneration would be up to date and less restrictive. The whole framework of forestation should be revised to comply with recent social, economic and environmental realities, and modern criteria and indicators for sustainable forest management should be explicitly included. The new goals should also be tailored to the changes regarding the property type, climate related trends and new requirements of the forest certification systems.


Objective To investigate the effects of intrathecally coadministered dexamethasone and spironolactone in trathecally on radicular pain behaviors.Methods Using rat model of radicular pain induced by chronic compression of dorsal root ganglion (CCD) ,48 male SD rats successfully received intrathecal catheter implantation and without motor dysfunction were randomly divided into Sham-operation group (Sham group, n= 12),Control group ( C group, n = 12 ), Dexamethasone group ( D group, n = 8 ), Spironolactone group ( S group, n = 8 )and Dexamethasone plus spironolactone group (DS group, n=8).Rats in D group,S group or DS group were intrathecally treated with dexamethasone 4 μg, spironolactone 3 μg or dexamethasone 4 μg plus spironolactone 3 μg twice daily on day 2 ~4 after CCD respectively,while rats in C and Sham group received 10μl 10% alcohol.Paw withdrawal mechanical threshold(PWMT) and paw withdrawal thermal latency (PWTL) were tested on day 1 before CCD and day 1,4,7,10,14,17 and 21 after CCD.Results Compared with Sham group, both PWMT and PWTL were significantly decreased after CCD surgery on the ipsilateral side(P<0.01 =.Intrathecally administrated with dexamethasone significantly improved pain behaviors (P<0.01 = and these therapeutic effects lasted up to 10 days after CCD surgery.As with dexamethasone,intrathecal spironolactone also significantly attenuated PWMT (P<0.01 = and PWTL (P<0.01 = and the change lasted up to 7 days after CCD surgery.Coadministration spironolactone and dexamethasone exhibited significant synergies( PWMT: ( 13.52 ± 0.72) g vs ( 11.58 ± 1.38 ) g, P <0.01; PWTL: ( 19.63 ± 1.68) s vs ( 14.14 ± 1.52) s, P < 0.01 =.These effects lasted up to at least 10 days.Conclusion Both dexamethasone and spironolactone intrathecally have therapeutic effects on radicular pain behaviors, combination injection of these two drugs could generate significant synergies.

Key words:
Neuropathic pain;  Dexamethasone;  Spironolactone;  Pro-inflammatory cytokine


Chemiluminescence of a 1,2-dioxetane derived from 9-methylene-10-dodecylacridan was not detected in aqueous solution but was detected in micellar and membranous systems. The quantum yield and the rate of the chemiluminescence decay in the membranous (2C1615G and 2C1630G) system were affected by the chain melting transition. The results indicate that the chemiluminescence is sensitively affected by the microenvironmental effect.


Recent theoretical descriptions of the Icelandic case system distinguish between lexical and structural case. Lexical case is assigned in the lexicon, whereas structural case is assigned in syntax, under the provision that it does not override lexical case assignment. This analysis is problematic for grammatical theories such as Categorial Unification Grammar (CUG) and Head driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG) as the introduction of a syntactic case component is incompatible with the lexicalist ideology underlying these frameworks. Furthermore, the default character of syntactic case introduces a procedural aspect into the grammar which goes against the declarative spirit of unification-based frameworks in general. In this paper, I propose an alternative analysis, formulated in terms of CUG, in which all case constraints are expressed lexically and in which default reasoning is restricted to nonmonotonic inheritance of lexical information only.


The increased attention that ultrafine grained (UFG) materials have received over the last decade has been provoked, not least, by their high strength in combination with remarkable ductility. The main focus of our investigation was the evaluation of the effect of different carbide morphologies in the initial microstructure on the fatigue behavior after high pressure torsion (HPT) treatment of SAE 1045 steel. In our case HPT increased the hardness by a factor of 1.75 - 3.2 compared to the initial states. The achieved hardness maximum was 726 HV. The amount of increase depended on the initial carbide morphology. By stress controlled cyclic four point bending tests with a load ratio of 0.1 endurance limits were determined for the initial and HPT states. The endurance limit increased linearly with hardness until 500 HV and independently of the carbide morphology. All fracture surfaces were investigated by SEM after the fatigue tests. They revealed pretty flat fatigue fracture surfaces with crack initiation at the surface or rather at non-metallic inclusions for the UFG states. Morphology and crack initiation mechanisms were changed by severe plastic deformation compared with the coarse grained initial state. Residual fracture surfaces with a spheroidal initial microstructure showed well-defined dimple structures also after HPT at high fatigue limits and high hardness values. In contrast, the specimens with initial tempered microstructure showed rather brittle and rough residual fracture surfaces.


This study shows the development of operational reliability engineering for the economic and sustainable growth of companies that wish to maintain, grow, improve and develop their own dynamic environment. In order to propose a strategy to achieve business objectives, different competencies will be explained, including business development, economic growth as an integrating concept, business culture, and knowledge and innovation management. Thus, it is intended that entrepreneurs identify the need to train and be more competitive in terms of (1) efficiency and effectiveness of processes and (2) departments and activities of the company, so that it is aligned in terms of objectives and goals.


BackgroundIt is well known that blood glucose level affects the uptake of 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) in tumours. Thus, the action of steroids on glucose metabolism may alter blood glucose levels and may affect FDG uptake in tumours in patients treated with steroids. To clarify this point, we determined the effects of steroids on FDG uptake in tumours in a rat model of a malignant tumour. MethodsRats were inoculated with allogenic hepatoma cells (KDH-8) into the left calf muscle. They were fasted overnight and divided into three groups (n=5 in each group): (1) dexamethasone (DEX) pretreated (0.8 mg·kg−1 body weight, i.m. injection 4 h before FDG i.v. injection); (2) prednisolone (PRE) pretreated (8 mg·kg−1 body weight, i.m. injection 20 h before FDG i.v. injection); and (3) control (untreated) groups. Radioactivity in tissues was determined 1 h after i.v. injection of FDG. FDG uptake in the tumour was expressed as the percentage of injected dose per gram of tissue after normalization to animal's weight (%ID/g tissue/kg body weight). ResultsDEX and PRE pretreatments significantly increased the blood glucose levels to 128% and 145% of the control value. The levels of FDG uptake in the tumour were not significantly affected by DEX and PRE pretreatment (90% and 87% of the control value, respectively) (P=NS). ConclusionsThese results demonstrate that FDG uptake in the tumour was not affected by pretreatment with steroids, in spite of a slight elevation in blood glucose level.


Corto without Pratt: a new and algid beginning framed by the stranger's poetics for a 20th Century classic. This essay is divided in two parts: the first one is a critical review of the last Corto Maltese's graphic novel, The midnght sun, by the scenarist Juan Diaz Canales and the cartoonist Ruben Pellejero. It's a tale picking up all the Pratt's topoi, even though the frantic sequence of events dampen the psicologycal characterisations of the original Corto Maltese. The tale can be considered in continuity with the Pratt tradition, in the groove of a "stranger's poetics" belonging to the venetian narrator's whole work. In the second part, the essay analyses some features about the success of Hugo Pratt, universally considered a classic of 20th Century (not only graphic) literature.


4048 Background: G17DT is an immunogen designed to raise antibodies to the growth factor gastrin 17 (G17). The purpose of the study was to determine the safety and efficacy of G17DT in combination with CDDP and 5-FU. Interim data indicated a correlation between survival and anti-G17 immune response, which was further explored in analyses of the final data.

METHODS
Main eligibility criteria for the open label study were: metastatic or locally recurrent gastric/gastroesophageal cancer; measurable disease; chemotherapy naive; intact organ function; KPS≥70. Patients received G17DT (500 μg, im) treatments at wks 2, 6, 10 and 26; CDDP 100 mg/m2 d1; continuous infusion 5-FU 1000 mg/m2 /d d1-5 q28 days.

ENDPOINTS
tumor response (per RECIST), survival, immune response and safety.

RESULTS
A total of 102 patients were enrolled. The best overall tumor response was 1 CR (1%), 39 PR (49%), 25 SD (32%) and 14 PD (18%). One patient, with PR, converted to CR after additional G17DT treatment in an extension protocol. Overall median survival was 8.7 months. The immune response occurred in 63% patients with anti-G17 titer ≥ 1 ELISA unit for 2 consecutive wks; 75% with at least 1 titer ≥ 1. Toxicity was consistent with CDDP+5-FU except for 3 NCI-CTC Grade-3 injection site reactions attributed to G17DT. Multivariate analysis showed the immune response as a predictor of tumor response and survival (Log rank: p=0.032 and p<0.001, respectively). Median survival was 10 months for anti-G17 responders and 2.3 months for non-responders. With the exception of performance status, no baseline parameters such as sex, age, race, location of metastases or organ systems involved with metastasis(es) significantly correlated with the anti-G17 response. After adjustment for KPS, the correlation between the anti-G17 response and survival remained statistically significant (p<0.001).

CONCLUSION
The G17DT immune response predicts response and survival in untreated, advanced gastric cancer patients, offering promising prospects for an improved anti-cancer treatment regimen. [Table: see text].


Abstract This article presents the findings of original research on "judge quota" reform. The reform's agenda was essentially aimed at professionalization: by edging out a given percentage of judges, only the better qualified judges would be re-appointed to create a more professionalized judiciary. A key component of the reform was to reduce the level and the intensity of both political and bureaucratic control over judges in adjudication and to decentralize judicial power to the rank-and-file judges, restoring individualized judging while enhancing judicial accountability. This article critically examines the potential and limits of the judge quota reform in the context of incremental legal reform in a party-state.


Multipacket transmission can achieve higher transmission efficiency because many packets are inserted into a frame and per-packet overhead is small. However, in practice, too many packets cannot be inserted into a frame and too long a frame has higher probability of error. Therefore, the number of packets in a frame must be restricted. This paper analyzes the continuous-service-type multipacket transmission with restriction on the number of packets in a frame. Also, the distribution for the number of transmission waiting packets is derived along with the number of packets in buffer, z-transform of the distribution for the number of packets in a frame, transmission efficiency, average queue length, and average packet delay time. From numerical examples, we examine the influence of the restriction on these performance measures.


Research in line with the pioneer work of Pickering succeeded recently to produce new objects which can be described as gas pockets in air and are named gas marbles[1]. They are made of gas surrounded by a layer of grains constrained by thin liquid film in gas environment. The exceptional mechanical strength of their granular shell promise them to many applications [2]. Among these, we note here that using gas marbles can be relevant for the generation of materials with hierarchical porosity. Moreover, these new hollow marbles offer a promising route to new vibration dampers. However, before using gas marbles, this new meta-material needs to be characterized and its behavior understood. This peculiar material belongs to the global class of granular suspension which rheology still is under development.


Abstract—Multi-response parameter design problems have become increasingly important and have received considerable attention from both researchers and practitioners since there are usually several quality characteristics that must be optimized simultaneously in most modern products/processes. This study applies support vector regression (SVR), VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR), and the artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm to resolve these common and complicated parameter design problems. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach are demonstrated via a case study in which the design of a total internal reflection (TIR) lens is optimized while fabricating an MR16 light-emitting diode (LED) lamp. Experimental results indicate that the proposed solution procedure can provide highly robust design parameter settings for TIR lenses that can be directly applied in real manufacturing processes. The comparison revealed that the ABC algorithm can search the solution spaces in continuous domains modeled via SVR instead of in the limited discrete experiment levels thus finding a more robust design.


A new scheme of projection method for incompressible fluid flow is presented. When divergence of Navier-Stokes equation is taken, Poisson's equation between pressure term and nonlinear tern appears to satisfy the continuity condition. But solving the Poisson's equation with implicit numerical method requires a lot of computational cost. By substituting Poisson's equation into the Navier-Stokes equation, we can remove the pressure gradient term from the equation; instead divergence free projection operator appears. Because of the 'Convolution Theorem', multiplication between divergence free projection operator and nonlinear term in wave space can be replaced with calculation in physical space by convolution. Also, the divergence free projection operator in physical space has a fast decaying distribution, thus the operator can be truncated in physical space. With the truncated divergence free projection operator, the Poisson's equation can be solved explicitly. In this study, the truncated operator is tested to check the ability of reducing divergence. And this scheme was applied into direct numerical simulation of isotropic turbulence to investigate how seriously the truncation affects the statistical properties of the flow.