The effectiveness achieved, the effort required, and the dose received by personnel in the use of simple decortamination procedures for the radiological recovery of residential areas was investigated. Fall-out simulant was prepared by tagging 150 mu to 300 mu sand with lanthanum-140. The simulant was dispersed onto lawns, paved areas, and roofs. Decontamination techniques using household and garden tools were evaluated. In addition, the radiological recovery of a small residence and surrounding lawn was effected. (auth)


The visual system is required to compute objects from partial image structure so that figures can be segmented from their backgrounds. Although early clinical, behavioral, and modeling data suggested that such computations are performed pre-attentively, recent neurophysiological evidence suggests that surface filling-in is influenced by attention. In the present study we developed a variant of the classical Kanizsa illusory triangle to investigate whether voluntary attention modulates perceptual filling-in. Our figure consists of "pacmen" positioned at the tips of an illusory 6-point star and alternating in polarity such that two illusory triangles are implied to compete with one another within the figure. On each trial, observers were cued to attend to only one triangle, and then compared its lightness with a matching texture-defined triangle. We found that perceived lightness of the illusory surface depended on the polarity of pacmen framing the attended triangle, although the magnitude of this effect was weaker than when all inducers were of the same polarity. Our findings thus reveal that voluntary attention can influence surface filling-in, and provide important data linking neurophysiological effects to phenomenology.


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic interstitial lung disease caused by parenchymal lung damage due to inflammatory factors and fibrosis. Hypericum perforatum contains various flavonoids with antioxidant properties. This study aimed to evaluate protective effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Hypericum against bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats. METHODS: This empirical study was conducted on 30 Wistar rats weighing 150-180 grams. Animals were randomly divided into five groups of six. Group one received a single dose of normal saline intraperitoneally, and group two was administered with bleomycin (7.5 units per kg) intratracheally. Other groups received daily doses of Hypericum extract (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) via intraperitoneal injection one week before and two weeks after bleomycin administration. After 21 days, animals were sacrificed, and blood and lungs were collected for histopathological examinations, and measurement of plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and lung hydroxyproline (HP). FINDINGS: In this study, lung index, HP and plasma MDA in normal saline group were respectively 7.09±0.32 mg per kilogram of body weight, 1.80±0.23 mg per gram of lung tissue, and 1.32±0.27 micromoles per liter of plasma. In rats administered with bleomycin, these values were 9.75±0.90, 5.43±0.7 and 3.04±0.42, respectively. Treatment with Hypericum extract, especially at dosage of 200 mg/kg, resulted in a significant reduction in the aforementioned parameters compared to bleomycin group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study, hydroalcoholic extract of Hypericum perforatum could exert protective effects against bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis.


Optical trapping techniques allow for the formation of bosonic condensates with internal degrees of freedom, so-called spinor condensates. Mean-field models of spinor condensates highlight the sensitivity of the quantum phases of the system to the relative strength of the two-body interaction in the different spin-channels. Such a description captures the regime where these interactions are weak. In the opposite and largely unexplored regime of strongly correlated spinor condensates, three-body interactions can play an important role through the Efimov effect, producing possible novel phases. Here, we study the three-body spinor problem using the hyperspherical adiabatic representation for spin-1, -2 and -3 condensates in the strongly-correlated regime. We characterize the Efimov physics for such systems and the relevant three-body mean-field parameters. We find that the Efimov effect can strongly affect the spin dynamics and three-body mean-field contributions to the possible quantum phases of the condensate through universal contributions to scattering observables.


ObjectiveTo establish the method of determining Cryptotanshinone of soft capsule BaoXinNing.MethodsHPLC was carried out for determining Cryptotanshinone with column:ODS—C_(18)(150 mm×6 mm,5 μm),mobile phase:0.5% glacial acetic acid and methanol(87∶15),wavelength:280 nm.ResultsThe linearity of Cryptotanshinone was in range of 8~60 μg/ml(r=(0.999 7)),the average recovery rate is 99.61%,and RSD is 1.13%.ConclusionThe method is simple,correct and with good reproducibility.


Introduction: In Uganda, 300,000 children under 5 years are acutely malnourished with 1.3% suffering from Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM). Mbale Regional Referral hospital (MRRH) nutrition unit admits SAM children with comorbidities into inpatient care striving to ensure recovery, reduce morbidity and mortality. We assessed the incidence and predictors of time to recovery among SAM children admitted as inpatients in MRRH nutrition unit. Methods: We reviewed records of children 6-59 months old managed at the inpatient unit for SAM at MRRH from 2013 to 2016. Data on patient demographics, comorbidities, medications administered, and treatment outcomes were collected from the integrated nutrition register and patient charts. Recovery incidence was determined using Kaplan Meier survival analysis. Cox proportional hazards regression competing risks model with death, default and transfer as competing risks was fit to identify predictors of time to recovery. Results: Overall, 322 patient records were reviewed of which 183 (56.8%) were males with median age of 19 months (IQR; 14-26 months). Of these, 246 (76.4%) recovered with recovery incidence of 31.3 per 1000 person days and a median recovery time of 27 days (IQR; 16-38 days). Children with SAM who were dewormed during treatment were 33% more likely to recover faster compared to their counterparts who were not dewormed (AHR= 1.33; C.I = 1.01-1.74). Conclusion: Recovery was in acceptable range of Sphere standards and deworming was a predictor of time to recovery. The Uganda Ministry of health should ensure nutritional rehabilitation units follow the stipulated guidelines for management of SAM. Findings were limited by missing data.


Explicit expressions are obtained for the reflection and transmission coefficients of the H and E waves interacting with corrugated regions of thin-film and diffused waveguides. An analysis is made of the operation of a thin-film laser with distributed Bragg mirrors and it is shown that, in principle, it should be possible to construct a transmission-type waveguide frequency filter.


Many of the problems faced by the MS patient are similar to those of the spinal cord injury patient. The disease often begins in young adulthood. Common impair, ments include weakness, sensory loss, and spasticity as well as bowel, bladder, and sexual dysfunction. Both groups of patients can live long and productive lives with proper medical and rehabilitation management. However, there are important distinctions between the two groups. The most obvious is the relapsing-remitting or progressive course of multiple sclerosis versus the


To meet the need of mobile terminals sharing network channel resource effectively,CSMA(Carrier Sense Multiple Access) protocol based on competitive mechanism is applied to near space communication network.Its throughput and end to end(ETE) delay are analysed based on theoretical deduction and OPNET simulation.Simulation results show that in the case of normal user numbers,CSMA can ensure higher throughput and lower ETE delay.Thus,CSMA can be applied effectively to near space communication network.


The effect of Poly (ionic liquid) (PIL) on the crystallization of polylactide (PLA) has been investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry. The nonisothermal crystallization result showed that PIL enhanced the crystallization of PLA. The Avrami method was used to describe the isothermal crystallization behavior of PLA/PIL composites. The Avrami exponent (n) revealed that the PIL accelerated PLA crystallization through heterogeneous nucleation.


Purpose – Grounded in service-dominant (S-D) logic, the purpose of this paper is to explore the core components of smartness to present a framework for the development of the smart tourism destination. Design/methodology/approach – The paper explores the core components of smartness through case study analysis of well-established smart cities. Findings – The paper conceptualises smartness and argues ICT, leadership, innovation and social capital supported by human capital are core components of smartness. Although ICT is a critical enabler for smart tourism destinations, it is insufficient on its own to introduce smartness. The combination of hard and soft smartness components within a S-D logic ecosystem structure holds the potential for sustained competitive advantage and enhancement of quality of life of both residents and tourists in smart tourism destinations. Originality/value – The paper extends the application of S-D logic to the context of smart tourism destinations, specifically to examine the s...


In Madagascar, most people living in towns used charcoal for cooking. The 2 million inhabitants of Antananarivo consume annually 240,000 tons of charcoal, coming mainly from 150,000 ha of old Eucalyptus robusta coppices. However, there is a risk of rapid charcoal shortage due to continual decrease in eucalypt stand production, in parallel of the + 4.5% annual population growth rate and the increase in charcoal consumption (+ 210 % between 1993 and 2017). One major concern is the low gravimetric yield (_ 12%) got with the traditional technique as well as poor charcoal quality. One specific objective of the project ARINA "Integrated Forest Management and Reforestation of Anjozorobe District", part of the EU FED-Program "Agro- Sylviculture autour d'Antananarivo" (ASA, 2015-2019) was then to increase the quantity and quality of charcoal produced in the Analamanga region. The Improved Carbonization Technique (ICT) inherited from 20 year-experience in local development projects, aims at smoothly changing the local practices to enhance ITC acceptance and diffusion by charcoal producers (CP). No additional equipment or investment (e.g. metallic chimney, red bricks) is needed to practice ICT. Harvested stems dry during 3 weeks before being charged in the kiln that is oriented upwind. These practices as well as ad hoc wood stacking, aeration holes or firing point positioning allow to increasing gravitational yield to 20%, with negligible percentage of un-carbonized wood. Moreover, charcoal produced by ICT is denser and much less friable than traditional one. In a first step, CPs recognized by the local communities for their competences are trained to ICT. Thereafter, they train in turn other CPs (> 1500 in total). CPs who master and actually practice ICT receive a specific certificate, as demanded by forestry administration in the next future to produce charcoal. ARINA supports formation of cooperatives of certified CPs that facilitate their members to buy eucalypt standing coppices for their own account, and to look for ITC charcoal buyers in Antananarivo. CPs can therefore generate higher profit (higher quantity of charcoal of better quality) than when they apply traditional carbonization techniques and work on behalf of charcoal wholesalers.


Sclerosing mesenteritis is a rare benign disorder characterized by nonspecific inflammation of the mesenteric fat. It is distinguished histologically by varying amounts of fibrosis, chronic inflammation,and fat necrosis. (1) Although this protean process has been known by a number of terms—including mesenteric panniculitis, mesenteric lipodystrophy, and retractile mesenteritis—sclerosing mesenteritis is the accepted term for this single clinicopathologic entity.(1,2) Definitive diagnosis of sclerosing mesenteritis requires histology, and surgical excisional biopsy is often needed for a complete analysis. Depending on the severity of symptoms, treatment may consist of simple observation or medical therapy with steroids, colchicine, orally administered progesterone, or immunosuppressive agents. Surgical resection may be indicated for patients with complications such as bowel obstruction or perforation.


[Objective] To investigate the effect of inhibitor PI3K -LY294002 on the expression of Smurf 2 in cultured human proximal tubular epithelial cell line HK-2 induced by TGF-β1. [Methods] The mRNA expression was tested by RT-PCR. The protein expression was examined by Western blot. [Results] The basic levels of Smurf 2 mRNA and protein expression were observed in HK-2 cell line and up-regulated by TGF-β1 in dose-and time-dependent manner (P 0.01). The LY294002 significantly inhibited the enhanced Smurf 2 mRNA and protein expression in HK-2 cell line stimulated by TGF-β1 in dose-dependent manner (P 0.01). [Conclusion] TGF-β1 could up-regulate the expression of Smurf 2 mRNA and protein in vitro. The intracellular signaling transduction pathway is related to PI3K/Akt. LY294002 could inhibit the enhanced Smurf 2 mRNA and protein expression in HK-2 cell line stimulated by TGF-β1.


The article discusses the features of mathematical modeling of the stress-strain state of landslide slopes to predict their movements. Regular control and monitoring of exogenous geological processes are important elements of a qualitative assessment of landslide events, including both the timely identification of areas with the greatest danger and the elimination of their consequences. The natural and technogenic features of the study area are considered. The previous results of the processing of geodetic observation data are presented, which are the basis for mathematical modeling of the stress-strain state of landslide slopes and for predicting their movements. Based on the Fourier transform, a spectral study of the vertical displacements of landslide signs was carried out and an analysis of the obtained spectrograms was made. Modeling of movements of landslide slopes subject to technogenic impacts (blasting and removal of a large amount of soil) is implemented on the basis of a forecast dynamic model. The model is presented in a recurrent form in the form of the first two conditional moment functions, which made it possible to predict the movements of controlled landslide slopes with a sufficiently high accuracy.


Edward Mąkosza (born on 13 November 1886 in Lisków, died on 25 April 1973 in Częstochowa) was a Polish composer, pedagogue, conductor, organist, and ethnomusicologist. He was the main organiser of musical life in Częstochowa. He wrote approximately a thousand compositions. He received numerous accolades and was hailed as a hero of the Jasna Góra Monastery.

The paper presents Edward Mąkosza's biography and is meant to serve as an introduction to a comprehensive study of his work. The successive periods of his life (childhood, youth, professional work until and after World War Two have been discussed. Subsequently I focus on the composer's broadly understood professional activity:his teaching, artistic and community work. I thus attempt to present the professor's entire biography.


In trying to increase the yield of upland cotton (L.), breeders have indirectly selected more for increases in harvest index than in photosynthesis. Future cotton yield advances may need increases in both harvest index and photosynthesis. The objectives of this study were to determine if differences in leaf CO-exchange rate (CER) existed among cotton genotypes, investigate physiological mechanisms for the gas exchange differences, and determine if gas exchange parameters were related to genotypic lint yield variability. Field studies were conducted from 1990 to 1992 on 18 cotton genotypes. Leaf CER, chlorophyli.(Chl) concentration, soluble protein concentration, specific leaf weight (SLW), lint yield, and yield components were determined each year. In addition, Chl fluorescence measurements were made in 1992. The CER of the 18 genotypes significantly varied about 10% from a low of 26.0 μmol m s to a high of 28.8 ltmol m s. DES 119 and MD 51 ne had higher CER, whereas the CER of Dixie King and Stoneviile 508 were lower. The genotypes differed in leaf Chl and soluble protein concentration in both 1991 and 1992. The CER was positively correlated with leaf Chl concentration (= 0.768*) and SLW (= 0.568*) in 1991. No difference in the Fv/Fm parameter of Chi fluorescence was found among the genotypes in 1992. A significant positive association (= 0.205**) was found between lint yield and CER during the boll filling period in 1990 and 1991. CER was positively associated with fiber micronaire (= 0.772*) and fiber maturity (0.797*) in 1992. As some cotton breeders bred for higher yielding genotypes, they may have inadvertently selected for increased photosynthesis.


The incidence of myopia is increasing from year to year. This study aims to determine the relationship between age of sex and myopia refraction abnormalities in Semarang WB Hospital. method, which was observational in several cases, the population of myopia sufferers, which was carried out at WB Semarang Hospital. Myopia achieved the highest percentage of 65.5%, juvenile myopia 30.53% higher, myopia at child age 11.45%, the percentage of myopia in early adulthood was 13.74%, the percentage of myopia at adulthood was 24.43%, the percentage of myopia in old age is 19.84%, women occupy a percentage of as many as 60% of men below that is equal to 40%. Accommodation is the ability of the eyepiece to swell and flatten that occurs due to muscle contraction of accommodation, that the amplitude of accommodation decreases with age. As a result of accommodation the refracting power of the bulging lens gets stronger. The strength of accommodation will increase according to needs and depending on the distance of the object being seen. The closer the object is seen, the stronger the eye must accommodate the bulging lens, There is a relationship between age types, sex with myopia which relates to the strength of accommodation which will increase according to need so that the closer the object is seen, the stronger the eye must accommodate, accommodation decreases with age.


Introduction: Medical Physicist, as a professional who works in a hospital environment, is a member of a wide clinical team which is responsible for the correct diagnosis and the therapeutic methods applied using radiation. The role of a Medical Physicist is multifold and consists of the estimation of the dose received by patients and personnel, the quality control of radiological equipment, the studies for shielding requirements and the training of several health professionals (doctors, medical physicists, radiologists, technicians, nurses). All the above are prerequisites in order to receive the professional license to act as Medical Physicist. Aim-Research Inquires: The aim of European Union (EU) via European Federation of Medical Physics (EFOMP) is to apply a common policy among the EU countries in the area of Education and Training in Medical Physics within the context of the current developments in the European Higher Education Area arising from "The Bologna Declaration". A short-term perspective is the free movement of professionals within EU, via the assurance of knowledge and skills uniformity. A necessary preliminary stage is the collection, classification and further process of relevant information at the European level. Methods-Techniques: To achieve the above in an efficient way EFOMP prepared a questionnaire and sent it to the National Organisation for Medical Physics of each country member of EFOMP (NMO). 23 out of 34 country members responded. The main parts (3 in total) of this questionnaire and some typical questions were: Part A: Medical Physics Education • Which degree is required? Is this a university degree? How many years of studies does it represent? • Is there a nationally approved education programme and, if yes, then by whom? • Where do the education and training take place (University, Hospital, or both of them)? Are these centers accredited and who gives the accreditation? Part B: Qualified / Specialist Medical Physicist • Is there a license or diploma required to work as Medical Physicist? Is it officially provided (i.e. government)? Part C: Register of Medical Physicists • Is there a Register of Medical Physicists in the country? If yes, how is someone registered? • Is there a renewal mechanism in the Register? If yes, is it based on a Continuing Professional Development system (CPD)? Results (Summarised): • In all countries that responded in this questionnaire, the basic educational requirement to enter Medical Physics is a university degree (basic titles: BSc 30%, MSc 57%). • There are 3 different approaches concerning post-graduate education and training (university studies only 23%, hospital only 18% and combining university and hospital 59%). • In 61% of all countries it is mandatory to hold a diploma or license to work as a Medical Physicist. • 65% of all countries have an organised Register for Medical Physicists. • A formal CPD programme is in operation in 52% of the countries. Conclusions: The processing of the above results leads the EFOMP to propose some general guidelines. It is strongly recommended that holding a university Masters degree (MSc) and having 2 years' training in a hospital environment are the necessary requirements to take the license to act as a Medical Physicist. EFOMP strongly encourages NMO's to organise a formal CPD programme and to include a CPD-based renewal mechanism for the Register of Medical Physicists.


Abstract : This thesis sought to determine if rotation would decrease the maximum skin temperature of an ICBM, thus increasing its probability of survival, The first scenario investigated was the Peacekeeper Dense Pack system. The missile field was subjected to a walk attack of 2 MAT weapons, with incoming RV's exploding every two secs. The 2nd scenario was a 4-on-1 attack of a missile launching system--specifically, one missile was subjected to four bursts located in various positions surrounding the missile. Finally, a missile is attacked by a space-based laser with a maximum absolute power of 10 megawatts. In all cases, the rotation rate was limited to a maximum of 1.6 radians/sec. In all scenarios studied, rotation significantly decreased the maximum skin temperature and increased the missile's probability of survival. The decrease was most dramatic for the walk attack where an optimum rotation rate of .8 radians/sec was established. For the 4-on-1 attack, rotation was effective but required the maximum 1.6 radians/sec rotation rate for best results. For the laser threat rotation was effective, with the maximum rotation rate providing the greatest amount of protection.


The reading of landscape as text has become an important theme in cultural geography. However, where many readings are performed on the partially stable landscapes of cities and countryside, this case study examines a more ephemeral landscape of the superyacht. The acquisition of superyachts, by many of the world's richest and most powerful actors, is treated as a symptom of late modernism. Superyachts are analysed as exemplars of the compression of time and space that is symptomatic of contemporary society, since their mobility and telecommunications overcome many former locational constraints. They are also exemplars of the blurring of work and leisure and raise issues about the construction of a notion of the self where the signifiers of the self have, in a post-structuralist reading, floated free from what they signify. This paper seeks to argue the potential for reading the superyacht as a signifier of the self.


In this paper, we developed a new local texture feature extraction technique, called block variance (BV), for texture analysis in the thermal breast image. Then, present a method based on the different features extracted from the texture image obtained using BV to differentiate the malignant breast thermograms from the benign breast thermograms. Variance is an established measure of contrast in the image. Block variance (BV) uses the local variation of intensities to identify the contrast-texture in the gray-scale thermal breast image. Asymmetric temperature distribution between right and left breast in thermal breast image is an indicator of the presence of abnormality. Thus, we investigate the potential of our proposed features in asymmetry measure. For our experiment purpose, we used a set of forty malignant and sixty benign thermal breast images of DMR database. A feed-forward neural network (FANN) with gradient decent training rule has been employed to evaluate the classification performance. The effectiveness of our proposed features is compared against a feature set derived by Acharya et al. [16] in terms of classification accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. From the experimental results, it is shown that the proposed features perform better compared to Acharya et al. features in differentiating malignant breast thermograms from benign breast thermograms.


The recent and significant contribution of studies on the origins of Islam and the Quran, signed by European and American scholars, has brought to the field of Quranic studies the need to reassess understanding of the signic materiality of the Quranic text, based on adopted editingand interpretation methods of Bible studies. This essay takes up the outline of some of these studies by underlining their implications for the redefinition of the original text and the need for retranslation to include such assumptions.


This work aimed at preparing and characterizing TiO 2 nanotube supported hydrated ruthenium oxide catalysts. First of all, we succeeded in preparing TiO 2 nanotube arrays by electrochemical anodization of titanium metal at 20 V for 8 h in a 1M H 3 PO 4+0.5 wt% HF solution as evidenced from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results. The hydrated ruthenium oxide was then deposited onto TiO 2 nanotubes by consecutive exchange of protons by Ru 3+ ions, followed by formation of hydrated oxide during the alkali treatment. Further XPS measurements showed that the modified samples contain not only hydrated ruthenium oxide but also hydrated ruthenium species Ru(III)-OH.


SUMMARYResults are presented for the identification of fungi isolated from samples of blossoms, ovaries and immature fruit of the cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) collected throughout one season from ...


In the second half of the 19th century, Shamian was established and developed as a colonial island enclave in the Chinese city of Guangzhou. Simultaneously, literary and cultural imaginations, depictions, and narrations of the place produced a discourse of Shamian as a utopian island: geographically insular and bounded, environmentally beautiful and peaceful, socially exclusive and harmonious, and technologically progressive and advantageous. This paper examines contemporaneous (predominantly English) literary and cultural representations of Shamian as a colonial utopia and their interrelations with the island's spatial formation and evolution. These texts (primarily written and pictorial descriptive, non-fictional accounts) reflected the spatial reality but also promoted spatial practices that reinforced the physical utopian island. This process exemplifies the theories of performative geographies in island studies and intertextuality in geocriticism, showing how a place's spatial representations and reality are mutually constructed. Adopting a conceptual model of intertextual performative geographies, this paper investigates the dynamic interplay of these literary and cultural texts with the spatial reality, arguing that literary and cultural representations of Shamian (re)produced the colonial enclave as a utopian island, both conceptually and practically.


The educational situation in Korea inevitably raises problems with evaluativeism, excessive competition, mental stress, and antisocial behaviors such as bullying and suicide. Therefore, among the various positive effects of online learning, in paiticular, the relationship with creativity development, which is being mainly discussed in the global era, will be investigated. The purpose of this study is to empirically test whether cultural orientations (interdependent selfindependent self) and goal orientations (learning goal·pe1f01mance goal) mediates relationships between characteristics of online learning (intrinsic·extrinsic) and learning satisfaction. After collecting survey data from one hundred seventeen Korean college students, having online-learning experiences, regressional analyses and mediational analyses have been employed to analyse the hypothesized relationships. The followings have been found: first, there were significantly positive relationships between intrinsic characteristics of online learning and cultural and goal orientations. Second, a significantly positive relationship between intrinsic characteristics of online learning and learning satisfaction has been found. Third, cultural and goal orientations were found to be positively related to one's learning satisfaction. Last, it has been detected that cultural and goal orientations mediate the relationship between characteristics of online learning (intrinsic·extrinsic) and learning satisfaction. Its implications in Korean culturε and educational context havε been suggested. The results of this study suggest that the intrinsic characteristics of online learning can increase learning satisfaction, but it is more effective for learners who havε a desire for creative thinking.


This book is an experiment in conjoining two approaches to early modern English literature which, despite a seemingly obvious affinity, are rarely pursued together: the material history of texts and Marxist historical analysis. No trend in scholarship on sixteenth- and seventeenth-century literature in the past three decades has been more important than the rise of research on media, not confined to the history of the book or even manuscript, but encompassing communications as a whole. A wide variety of phenomena, including but by no means limited to methods of papermaking and bookbinding, readers' habits of annotation, and the development of the postal system, have been shown to be relevant to early modern textual and literary history....


Background: Ethnicity, although known to influence cardiovascular outcome in assorted clinical settings, has not been investigated previously as a risk factor in patients presenting to the emergency department with suspected acute myocardial infarction. Methods: In this multi-ethnic cohort study conducted in Singapore and The Netherlands, 2784 patients presenting to the emergency department with chest pain were enrolled (788 Caucasians, 1281 Chinese, 404 Indians and 311 Malays) and were followed up for 1 year. Results: Although Caucasian patients on average were older and had incurred more cardiovascular adverse events, the Asian ethnic groups carried a greater burden of cardiovascular risk factors. Caucasian and Malay patients were most frequently diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction (Caucasians 11.2%, Chinese and Indians 6.4%, Malays 10.6%, P<0.001), also after correction for baseline differences. Chinese and Indian patients, however, more often had unstable angina. Asian patients had strikingly more extensive coronary artery disease than Caucasian patients (triple-vessel disease: Caucasians 6.5%, Chinese 22.8%, Indians 32.4%, Malays 32.8%, P<0.001) and Chinese patients with myocardial infarction more frequently underwent coronary revascularisation compared with Caucasian patients (Caucasians 41.4%, Chinese 67.5%, Indians 62.5%, Malay 46.7%, P=0.005). Ethnicity was not an independent predictor of major adverse cardiovascular events during 1-year follow-up in all chest pain patients. Conclusions: The prevalence of myocardial infarction and unstable angina, revascularisation rate and extent of coronary artery disease differ significantly among chest pain patients of different ethnic groups. These findings have important clinical implications and support consideration of ethnicity in risk stratification and determination of the patient management strategy in patients with symptoms suggestive of myocardial infarction.


In order to study the processes creating intermediate and heavy nuclei in massive stars it is necessary to provide neutron capture cross sections and reaction rates close to stability and for moderately unstable neutron-rich nuclei. Furthermore, one has to know the efficiency of neutron-releasing reactions in the main evolutionary phases of a massive star. We present simulations of the nucleosynthesis in a 15 and 25 solar mass star, for the first time followed completely from main sequence hydrogen burning until the type II supernova explosion including all nuclides up to Bi. Theoretical reaction rates were calculated with the NON-SMOKER code, providing a complete library of Hauser-Feshbach cross sections and rates for nuclear and astrophysical applications. Experimental rates at stability were taken from different sources. The impact of uncertainties in the rates on nucleosynthesis are illustrated by two examples, the reactions 62Ni(n,gamma)63Ni and 22Ne(alpha,n)25Mg.


ROUSSEAU�S EMILE
(SUMMARY FOR DIVULGING PURPOSE)
This writing is a summary of Rousseau�s Emile
for divulging purpose. Some information on the
historical context and the structure of the work is
given; a summary of each of its five books is
offered, and a few comments are expressed about
characteristics of Emile by which it has become
a classic in pedagogy. It�s necessary to consider
this work as a group of reflexions exposed in a
ideal frame, in a novel-like description, which
consequences are all derived from those ideal
conditions. Nevertheless, it seems possible to
extract from those �dreams of visionary� more than
one reasonable recommendation and applicable
to real life education


This report presents the results of measurements of ambient outdoor radon concentrations around the Grand Junction, Colorado, uranium mill tailings pile during the period of April 27, 1974 to April 2, 1975. A similar study was done by the U.S. Public Health Service in 1967 and 1968 before the pile was stabilized, and this study was done after the pile was stabilized to determine the effects of stabilization. Air samples were collected over a 48-hour period in a Mylar bag which was sent to the laboratory for radon analysis, using alpha scintillation cells. Samples were collected at each of 20 stations every three weeks for one year. The samples collected on the pile had higher radon concentrations following stabilization, and the exact cause for this is not known. Radon concentrations in the predominant daytime wind direction had elevated radon concentrations which are a power function with distance. Samples collected in other directions away from the pile contained background concentrations of radon.


Multi-wavelength and multi-angle absorption spectroscopy performed in the visible spectral range, that is, 'scattered colorimetry', has been used to map a library of 25 diverse and commercially-available Belgian light beers. The resulting map shows four main clusters, relative to blonde, amber, red, and weiss beers, respectively, demonstrating that scattered colorimetry is a valid method for beer authentication and fingerprinting.


The time-optimal control design of the double integrator is extended to the finite-time stabilization design that compensates both input saturation and input delay. With the aid of the Artstein's transformation, the problem is reduced to assigning a saturated finite-time stabilizer.


Objective: To report trends of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), multidrug resistant (MDR) ESBL and AmpC producing isolates of K. pneumoniae from MGM Hospital, kamothe. Navi Mumbai. Methods: Multidrug resistance, ESBL & AmpC production was tested by confirmatory methods as per Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Results:- Out of 1670 sample (urine, pus and ET-secretion) 89(5.32%) klebsiella strain were isolated among them 57(64%) were MDR strains resistance to ceftizoxime 80%, cefuroxime 80%, tetracycline 78%, cefaperazone 75%,ceftazidime 70%. Among these isolates higher prevalence of ESBL and AmpC production was observed in ET-secretion 46.66% and 20% followed by urine 35% and 11.7% and pus 32%.and 8%. Conclusion:- Detection for the ESBL and AmpC should be carried out as a routine it is simple and cost effective test to improve infections control practices to avoid irrational use of antibiotics and empirical regime should be revisited to prevent further resistance


The energetics and structure of several atomic configurations of Al 147 are studied in the framework of semiempirical quantum chemistry via molecular dynamics and simulated annealing. It is found that the structures corresponding to energy minima correspond to disordered configurations without symmetry. This result extends recent reports on similar conclusions for Al 13 and Al 55


Gallium is incorporated into the microporous titanosilicate ETS-10 to give ETGS-10; the isomorphous substitution occurs exclusively at silicon sites such that gallium avoids neighbouring titanium.


Variable selection or importance measurement of input variables to a machine learning model has become the focus of much research. It is no longer enough to have a good model, one also must explain its decisions. This is why there are so many intelligibility algorithms available today. Among them, Shapley value estimation algorithms are intelligibility methods based on cooperative game theory. In the case of the naive Bayes classifier, and to our knowledge, there is no ``analytical"formulation of Shapley values. This article proposes an exact analytic expression of Shapley values in the special case of the naive Bayes Classifier. We analytically compare this Shapley proposal, to another frequently used indicator, the Weight of Evidence (WoE) and provide an empirical comparison of our proposal with (i) the WoE and (ii) KernelShap results on real world datasets, discussing similar and dissimilar results. The results show that our Shapley proposal for the naive Bayes classifier provides informative results with low algorithmic complexity so that it can be used on very large datasets with extremely low computation time.


Abstract Geographers at the AAG's centennial are challenged with exceptional opportunities to create a more central place for geography in society and in the university. Realizing these opportunities requires identifying and leveraging key emerging trends in the formation and uses of geographic knowledge. Better integration of geography's profound technological innovations with its core traditions also is necessary to strengthen the discipline's research capacity, and to more effectively engage with and contribute to the needs of society. Trends toward multidisciplinary research and integrative science, and the heightened need for geographic understanding in today's world, hold further promise for advancing the discipline while sustaining its historic strengths and diversity.


1. Spatial distribution patterns of Saissetia oleae (Oliv.) are analysed at the plant level on olive tree in Granada, and biological interpretation is given.


When religious confessions that were suppressed or seriously persecuted in Soviet times are regenerating themselves, the result is sometimes quite novel religious movements that have no prerevolutionary precursors. To some extent this applies to all confessions. Even postsoviet Orthodoxy is nothing like the prerevolutionary Russian Orthodox Church. The metamorphosis of Russian Lutheranism, however, goes a good way beyond the norm for novelty in Russian confessions. In Russia today Lutheranism is unexpectedly becoming quite different, doctrinally and psychologically, from what it ever has been anywhere before. It could well play its own unique role on the future Russian religious scene. Until the 1980s virtually the only Lutherans in Russia were communities of Germans, most of which had been deported from European Russia to the Urals and Siberia by Stalin. These were mostly old people with not much education, and their numbers were rapidly declining because of increasing emigration. All the signs were that there was no future for Lutheranism in Russia. Over the last 15 years, however, the situation has changed radically. Most Russian cities now have Lutheran parishes, and most of the parishioners are Russians. In some cities - for example Izhevsk, Vladivostok, Krasnoyarsk and Novosibirsk - the Lutheran parishes are several hundred strong. In some of these cities the number of practising Lutherans is comparable to the number of practising Orthodox. There has been just as much of a radical change in the social makeup of the Lutheran parishes, with young people, students and people with higher education now playing a prominent role. They are a living refutation of Dostoyevsky's famous dictum that 'Russian means Orthodox': they see themselves as Russian patriots but at the same time faithful followers of Lutheran teachings. There is a widely held conviction among them that they are more faithful disciples of the Wittenberg reformer than today's Germans or Swedes. At the start of the twenty-first century Lutheranism has turned out to be the religious niche most suitable for many Russians who are seeking God but have failed to find him either in Orthodoxy or in more radical forms of Protestantism.


There is still a drive worldwide to improve on existing methods of mining. The demand is for mining volumes to be increased while the productions costs must be reduced. Against the background of these requirements, SANDVIK has been researching and developing innovative concepts for meeting these particular demands. The purpose of this presentation is to share information on two of these methodologies. The one system illustrates the deployment of conveyors capable of operating around corners while still operating as a continuous haulage system. The other system demonstrates the principle of extremely fast straight line development coupled with the flexibility of sustained rapid redeployment of the system. Both of the systems will be descriptionbed and discussed in turn.


This chapter presents a novel organizational perspective on "patent reform" in the U.S. Supreme Court, Congress, and the federal courts during 2006–2020. Debates between proponents of strong and weaker patents can be understood as a conflict between entities that rely on integrated business models for monetizing R&D, which deploy non-IP complementary assets to capture returns on innovation, and entities that rely on non-integrated business models, which monetize R&D through licensing and other IP-dependent contractual relationships. Weak-IP regimes induce an organizational bias that favors integrated and platform-based firms that capture returns on innovation within internal capital and information markets while impeding entry by smaller, R&D-specialized entities that capture returns on innovation through external capital and informational markets. By contrast, strong-IP regimes enable firms and other entities to select from the full range of more and less integrated structures for executing the innovation and commercialization process.


One big point stands out from all the interviews I have conducted. The Eurosceptics are accused of wanting to take the country back to the 1950s, perhaps the 1850s. But the uncomfortable truth is that they have done more to modernise their arguments and broaden their coalition than the pro-Europeans. When the euro crisis struck, they seized their chance, rather like the neo-cons did over Iraq after 9/11.


Abstract This paper deals with a very simple technology for fabrication of high performance n-channel Al-gate enhancement load digital integrated circuits. Using a nine-stage ring oscillator with triode load, an intrinsic time delay of 1·9 ns and a speed-power product of 1·45 pJ were measured. A two kbit ROM memory with 50 ns access time was designed and fabricated with this technology.


Introduction One of the key elements to improve the user experience on the Web is the enhancement of the user security, however not compromising the usability of the solutions. In that sense, the take-off of the mobile Internet, with users always carrying (in a way that was only equaled previously by keys, watches or wallets) a personal device, i.e., the mobile phone, equipped with a Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card leads to a natural consequence: it is possible to take advantage of the two-factor authentication mechanisms supported by the SIM card, for example, using the mechanisms of the Generic Authentication Architecture/Generic Bootstrapping Architecture (GAA/GBA).


A method for using the waste heat of a computer system (1) with a plurality of processors (3) comprises the following steps. Jobs in the computer system (1) are distributed to the processors (3) in such a way that processors of a first group of processors (3) are operated with a high processor load and processors of a second group of processors (3) are operated with only a minimal processor load.In another method, waste heat is dissipated from the processors (3) by a cooling device, wherein the waste heat dissipated from the processors (3) is regulated in such a way that the processor assumes a temperature that is greater than a given minimum temperature. In both cases, the waste heat of the processors (3) is transferred to a device for using the waste heat.


Famous scientist Albert Einstein aptly quoted this thought and it is very well applicable to all dimensions of science including medicine. Critical evaluation of the problem is the solution of that problem. Diabetes mellitus is a syndrome that involves each cell of the human body and it imparts its effect on that too. The diabetic patients have been appreciated as having increased risk of most commonly surgical site infection and other adverse outcome leads to increased morbidity and increased hospital stay thereby increasing inpatient costs. The usual causes of all are hypo and hyperglycemia, multiple associated diseases like cardiovascular, neurological, misuse or inappropriate use of insulin, use of multiple hypoglycemic agents etc. Good glycemic control decreases the morbidity in diabetics and nondiabetic as well. The perioperative mortality rate is reported to be up to 50% higher than that of the non-diabetic population [1].


With the implementation of the new national school curriculum, educators and teachers paid more attention on informal assessment due to its informality, reality, multi-criteria and simultaneousness. Informal assessment is becoming more and more popular under school teaching and learning context. This will cause changes in the previous school evaluation system towards a more diversity, pluralized and developmental orientated direction. This paper discussed on the meaning, characteristics and value of informal assessment. Practical problems needed to be attention were also brought out.


The main objective of this research paper is to highlight the global implications of quantitative behavioral finance. Quantitative behavioral finance represents a rather new psychology-based paradigm focused on statistical and mathematical applied methodology in order to highlight behavioral deviations in the context of investment process and valuation. The investment process can be significantly affected by irrational decisions generated by emotional biases or cognitive deviations. Quantitative behavioral finance constitute an essential cluster of concepts which assume at the elementary level that human behavior influences financial asset prices. The apparent conceptual symbiosis between certain quantitative and qualitative dimensions of modern finance is an unconventional approach which is considered an effective alternative method to traditional finance theory.


: Apart from using 0.005% concentration, the recommended f i e l d dose of 0.025% of the anticoagulant is used along w i t h an alternate food for i n d i v i d u a l rats for a varying number of days. Those that had survived were taken as tolerant, provided they showed an mg/kg intake beyond the tolerance l i m i t , survived a s i x days of feeding, e x h i b i t e d b a i t - shyness and d i d not e x h i b i t hemorrhage after death. In determining the c r i t e r i a for tolerance to an anticoagulant by a rat, one s h o u l d take into account four composite factors. These are, s i x days of even 0.025% feeding, b a i t - shyness when alternate food is g i v e n , h i g h e r mg/kg intake than the tolerance level and a l o s s of i n t e n s i v e hemorrhage after death.


Small and medium-sized enterprises have been recognized as a very important segment of the overall economy of some countries. When talking about marketing in a small business, that is very specific. They have discoverd their ways of advertising that require somewhat less money. They must be creative in order to engage as many media channels as possible with less money to attrack the customers. Before an entrepreneur chooses the communication channels that will attract customers, we need to decide which target segment to attract. Overall, then, marketing dropouts will be based on that target segment. By researching the market, the entrepreneur will find out wich customer preferences and habits are going to assess the segment. Entrepreneurship may be family, young but also a female entrepreneurship which, due to lack of response, has special incentives. Each of these species carries some specific features. When it comes to distribution channels, an entrepreneur has to decide how much he wants to distribute his products. Due to the number of mediators we distinguish between intensive, selective and exclusive distribution. The relationship between brokers and manufacturers must be good in order to negotiate prices better. The Mivit Bakery Company is a small company that also applies promotional activities. Although they are a small company, all the new trends appear on the market and at the same time try to attract customers.


1H, 13C and 29Si NMR spectroscopy and molecular dynamics (MD) methods wereemployed to study the structure of the four synthesized silatrane compounds--(3R ,4S) - 1 -chloromethyl silatrane - 4 - carboxylic acid (1), (3R,4S) - 1 - chloromethyl - 3 - methyl -silatrane - 4 - carboxylic acid(2) ,and their corresponding triethylamine salts (3), (4). The 2D 1H -1H COSY and 13C- 1H COSY experiments and 1D spectrum simulation were carried out for assigning 1H NMR spectrum. From the NMR data, it was derived that the substitution of 4 -carboxylic acid group on the title compounds causes the atrane framework distorted, and the unsubstituted two adjacent -CH2-CH2-O- chains distorted as two staggered gauche conformations. The MD calculation supports the conclusion. Furthermore, no conformation transitions were found for the title compounds. The 29Si NMR data indicate that the N-Si dative bond is weakened slightly when the substitutions of the carboxyl group and corresponding salt group in the atrane framework happen, and the effect is stronger than that of the methyl substitution on the equatorial position of the atrane framework.


Through core analysis, well logging, borehole log and seismic data, the sedimentary facies feature and depositional system of Triassic in Wu-Xia fault belt of Junggar basin is systematically studied. The result shows that four types of sedimentary facies occur in this area, they are alluvial fan, fan delta, sublacustrine fan and lake facies. The Baikouquan formation to Baijiantan formation here experienced arid-wet changing climate in lake transgressive process. Baikouquan formation is characterized by alluvial fan groups of Xiazijie and Baikouquan areas; Upper and Lower Karamay formation by fan delta and shore-lake sediment; Baijiantan formation as a largest lake-transgressional episode dominated by lacustrine fan sediment with small scale fan delta and sublacustrine fan sediments. It is concluded that the fan delta front of Karamay formation is the most favorable sedimentary facies with best reservoir property; the midfan of Baikouquan alluvial fan fitted with the faults and unconformities could also be good prospecting areas for hydrocarbon accumulation.


The paper discusses spatial modelling in Ellis James Davis's Victorian utopia, Pyrna: A Commune; or, Under The Ice (1875) in the context of appropriating the Gothic mode into the utopian convention. In what follows, by examining selected aspects of the novella's presented world, this article argues that the Gothic tropes of numinosity and sublime constitute significant elements of the examined narrative as major defamiliarizing components of the semiotically monolithic utopian spatial model.


Rolls of paper are overturned by a device composed of a first conveyor belt interposed between and occupying the same plane as a feed station and a wrapping station, and running at a velocity comparable to the velocity of the feed station, also a flexibly resilient belt disposed facing the first belt, looped over a pair of wheels of which one is power driven; the resilient belt is posi tioned with one end adjacent to the feed station, sepa rated from the first belt by a distance equivalent to the diameter of the single roll when disposed with its axis parallel to the first belt, and set in motion at a velocity of which the horizontal component is greater than the velocity of the first belt in such a way that the roll will be taken up, rotated through a right angle and posi tioned with the axis perpendicular to the first belt.


The ortho:meta:para isomer ratio and p/m value observed in the aromatic hydroxylation with hydroxyl radical in anhydrous organic media are correlated with the electron density of HOMO of aromatics.


Video games, as cultural artifacts and as pastimes, play a key part in the lives of most people. The digital age has brought about a full-fledged homo ludens more than 80 years after the term has been promoted by Johan Huizinga, making playfulness a conscious effort and not just a natural instinct.2 A possible explanation for the popularity of games is that unlike most other media, such as literature in its printed book form, films, or paintings, video games allow us to experience their worlds by actively engaging with them, creating


Operational tolerance in kidney transplantation is characterized by stable serum creatinine < 1.7 mg/dL and proteinuria < 1 g/day in the absence of immunosuppression or immunodeficiency for over one year. However, simultaneous donor specific antibodies are common and serum creatinine is a poor surrogate of early lesions. Consequently, subclinical rejections will meet operational tolerance criteria if serum creatinine remains stable. We report a patient with operational tolerance criteria followed by biopsy-proven chronic active antibody mediated rejection, discussing the intricate challenges of immunosuppression management.


Noncompliance in three elementary age students with intellectual disabilities was assessed using functional behavioral assessments. Escape was identified as the primary function of the behavior in all three students, and access to tangible items was identified in one of the students as a secondary function. Teacher-monitoring and self-monitoring interventions were implemented within a multiple baseline design across three students to increase compliance. Results demonstrated that the intervention was effective and that all three students increased compliance during teacher-monitoring and self-monitoring conditions. These results are discussed in terms of recent research on function-based self-monitoring interventions.


Radio propagation through building windows is an important mechanism since windows can act as a low-loss propagation path, channeling radio signals into buildings. This letter presents a brief review and analysis of existing deterministic methods for radio propagation through windows. The performance of each different model is briefly described and comparatively analyzed, focusing on the geometry/uniform theory of diffraction (GTD/UTD) method and Fresnel-Kirchhoff (FK) diffraction model. Advantages and disadvantages of each method in terms of efficiency and accuracy are discussed.


CHAIN is an informal network of individuals from the NHS family of organizations who are active or interested in using research evidence to improve the quality of care in the NHS. Its main function is to enable individuals to identify and make contact with each other, to show 'who is doing what' and to provide a conduit for the sharing of experience and enthusiasm. All members of CHAIN are willing to be contacted by other members who might need a pointer towards information, some practical advice, or who are perhaps looking for collaborators for a project relating to the undertaking or implementing of research. When they join the network, CHAIN members give details of their interests, activities and aspirations in the context of research and implementation. This information is held in the CHAIN Directory, which is provided free to all members, either on CD-ROM, disks or via a passwordprotected website. The Directory can be searched in a variety of ways, including geographical area (region or local health authority), profession, specialty, research interest or teaching capabilities. Free text searches are also possible. CHAIN was established as a feasibility/pilot project in the London Region as part of the research and development programme, and it has recently engaged in a partnership with the NHS Centre for Review and Dissemination (York). The


The method of historical and scientific analysis highlights the contribution of the organizer of domestic research on the culture of medicinal plants, a scientist, an outstanding personality – P.I. Gavsevich. His scientific and popular scientific works were devoted to the creation in 1916 of the specialized branch research institute ‒ the plantation of medicinal plants in Lubny in the Poltava region (now – the Experimental station of medicinal plants of the Institute of Agro-ecology and Nature Management of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine). Some biographical information obtained from archival documents is given.


Purpose: To assess and optimize spectral properties of pyroelectric x‐ray sources for potential imaging and therapy applications. As pyroelectric sources are inherently flux limited, efficient x‐ray production is necessary for practical applications. A Monte Carlo simulation is created for the electron‐photon transport process of an experimental pyroelectric x‐ray source. Electron acceleration energy is determined through spectral fitting between simulation and experimental results. Determined electron energy is used to predict anode composition and thickness resulting in maximum flux in directional and transmission geometries. Methods: A polarized z‐cut lithiumtantalate crystal measuring 1 cm3 was thermally cycled across 140°C in a vacuum of 7×10−3 Torr. Measurements of electron flux and x‐ray spectrum were recorded and averaged for 5 thermal cycles. Simulations for reflection and transmission geometry x‐ray emitters were conducted using EGSnrc Monte Carlo simulation package. Electron energies from 30 to 120 KeV were simulated for electron‐photon conversion using gold,silver, tungsten, molybdenum, and copper targets of various thicknesses. Spectral comparison between simulated models of experimental conditions and recorded experimental spectra was performed using goodness‐of‐fit analysis. Anode target thickness and composition related to maximum x‐ray generation was determined for tested electron target materials. Results: A monoenergetic electron beam at 85 KeV best approximated overall spectral shape of the experimental setup at 0.22% RMS error between the observed and simulated spectrum. For transmission anodes simulated, copper produced the best electron‐photon conversion ratio of 1.02% at 8.5 microns thickness at 100 keV. Likewise, copper significantly outperformed other materials with respect to flux in directional geometry. Conclusions: The complex emission properties of pyroelectric x‐ray source can be accurately approximated using spectral fitting methods. Practical device configuration can be easily modeled using empirical approximations to improve flux and maximum beam energy.


The U.S. Agency for International Development through the Bulgaria Local Government Initiative (LGI) has been assisting the municipality of Zlatograd improve its solid waste management system. This report consists of a publication education and participation campaign. The document will guide the municipality as it undertakes community involvement activities related to solid waste management. It outlines methods whereby the municipality can inform citizens of the past, present, and future initiatives in the area of solid waste management, solicit citizen input on these efforts, and stimulate a sustainable process of citizen involvement in local government.


Momordica charantia L.is an edible plant with some medicinal value.Due to its significant physiological activities,it features antidiabetic,antitumor,antiviral,anti-arrhythmic functions and is also effective in calming the heart.Based on the recent researches of Momordica charantia L' s chemical compositions,this paper gives a summary of the extraction methods and chemical compositions of various parts of Momordica charantia L.,such as the seeds,the immature fruits and the cauline leaves.The emphasis has been put on triterpenes and steroids.


In this paper, spectroscopic properties of Tm3+/Yb3+ codoped tellurite glass were analyzed by J-O theory. The glass was pumped by 808nm and 980nm laser respectively. Results indicate to Tm3+/Yb3+ codoped glass, 980nm laser can be a good pump source to get a laser working in 1.4µm.


To ensure the non-working wall's slope stability in Weijiamao open-pit mine,the paper analysis the engineering geological condition and hydrogeology condition of Weijiamao open-pit mine's slope,on this basis,combine the typical rocky slope's deformation and failure mode,physical properties of glutenite and weak layer from experiment,determined the latent destruction mode of non-working wall's slope in Weijiamao open-pit mine;calculated the slope's stable coefficient and the stable coefficient after cutting slope and unloading with rigid body limit equilibrium method ;make the numerical simulation of slope stability with FLAC3D,these expound the evolution law of slope rock mass stress field,reveal landslide mechanism of non-working wall,determined the landslide model is along the circular slip surface;basis for the numerical simulation result,puts forward prevention measures by cutting slope and unloading to realize stable slope.All these provide guidance for slope stability in Weijiamao open-pit mine,provide reference for open-pit mine's slope stability.


After earthquake pre -alarm condition is analyzed theoretically, the circuits of earthquake signal collection, AD signal transform, GPS signal collection and GSM communication are designed. Its characteristics are removability, and finding site exact, pre-alarm area large, organizing network system easy. Test shows that the circuit is able to complete signal collection and transport. Furthermore, the problem on earthquake pre-alarm system framework and message issue is discussed, and an eclectic solution issuing message on the earthquake pre-alarm in informality and formality is also bring forwarded.


Discovery of a new species of Onychaster, O. strimplei, in the Golconda Formation of the Chester Series extends the known range of the genus to Upper Mississippian. The new ophiuroid is characterized by a distinctive mouth frame in which the denticles are elevated to form a low dome, the tori are exceptionally short, and the second ambulacrals extend to prominent peaks near the radial suture. The pattern of integumental ossicles also differs from those in Onychaster barrisi (Hall) and O. flexilis, the two previously established species.


Correlation signal analysis is a method of detecting any similarity between two time-varying signals. By matching the patterns of two sets of the same signal, it is possible to recover a signal buried in extraneous noise. The method of autocorrelation is also explained.


Interactions among pedestal shear flows, turbulence, and the formation of the edge transport barrier have been studied in H-mode plasmas of the HL-2A tokamak by multi-channel Doppler reflectometry with high spatiotemporal resolution. Geodesic acoustic mode (GAM) has been observed during the L-I-H transition. It has been observed that the plasma transits into the I-phase when the mean E × B shear flow reaches a critical value. The bi-spectrum analysis has shown that there is a strong interaction between GAM and limit cycle oscillation (LCO), and the energy transfer is from GAM to LCO, suggesting that GAM can assist the L-I transition. The regulation of the edge turbulence by LCOs helps to build the steep pedestal and initialize the confinement improvement of the plasma. It has been found that the mean E × B shear flow is further increased just before the I-H transition, accompanied by the turbulence suppression, leading to the edge transport reduction and the pedestal formation. It has been demonstrated th...


The series of symposia on statistics and the environment provides a forum for the exchange of knowledge, opinions, and ideas by policy makers, scientists, and others affected by environmental decisions. The Sixth Symposium' focused on how administrative agencies, courts, industries, and individuals use statistical, epidemiological, toxicological, and other scientific information, in particular risk assessment, in making environmental decisions. The first four papers in this proceedings are from an overview session on risk assessment:


Heart rate variability (HRV) describes the variations in the time between adjacent heart beats and is the result of the complex interaction between sympathetic and parasympathetic activity [1]. As HRV reflects the balance of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and cardiovascular stability [1], it is regarded as an indicator of neurocardiac function [2]. Relatively high HRV reflects good cardiovascular health and adaptability of the ANS [3]. Furthermore, HRV is a non-invasive marker for the assessment of the risk for cardiovascular diseases [4]. Meanwhile, HRV measurement is a popular method to monitor the training process and has the potential to identify a stress-regeneration imbalance [5]. Although HRV measurements are beneficial in exercise training prescription, more understanding of the relationship between HRV and perceptual well-being is necessary for an efficient HRVguided training process [6]. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine the relationship between resting HRV and perceptual well-being of two triathletes. According to literature [7], we hypothesized a positive correlation between HRV measures and well-being.


[ANGLES] This final project has been developed in the School of Electrical Engineering (in Aalto University) and its main goal is to value whether AMBA (Advanced Microcontroller Bus Architecture) is a good option to develop an on-chip broadcast architecture. To carry it out, various alternatives are taken in account: use full AMBA (with all its signals), use CAN (Controller Area Network) bus instead of AMBA, and use modified AMBA (using only the signals that will be used). Once one alternative is chosen, the implementation is done, using VHDL (Very high speed integrated circuit - Hardware Description Language). Afterwards, wire delay per millimetre is calculated (with and without buffering). With the optimization, a 40.7% of improvement is obtained, with a delay of 68.465 ps/mm. In addition, a delay model in VHDL is designed and implemented. Finally, energy per bit is also calculated and compared with a point-to-point architecture system. Obviously, the performed design consumes more energy per bit (0.558 pJ/(bit·mm)) than a point-to-point system. Nevertheless, it is important to highlight that a point-to-point communication needs many wires.


The 24th edition of the report The European market for kitchen furniture offers an accurate comprehensive picture of the kitchen furniture industry in 17 Western European countries, providing 2008-2013 trends (in value and in volume) in kitchen furniture production and consumption, imports and exports. Marketing policies, distribution channels and the value and weight of the built-in appliances on kitchen furniture supply is further considered. A forecast on kitchen furniture consumption in 2014 and 2015 is provided. Supply structure: data on employment, information on kitchen prices in a sample of companies and data on productive concentration are also included. Production is broken down by cabinet door material (solid wood, veneer, laminated, decorative papers, thermoplastic foils, lacquered, melamine/paper, aluminium, glass), by cabinet door style (classic, modern, design), by cabinet door colour (white, bright colours, neutral colours), by cabinet door type (high gloss, opaque) and by worktop material (solid surface materials, engineered and natural stone, laminated, tiles, steel, wood, glass). The competitive system analyses the kitchen furniture sales of the top European kitchen furniture manufacturers. Values are broken down by market segment (luxury, upper-end, middle, middle-low, low-end) and by country. Market shares are included. Short profiles of the main players in the kitchen furniture industry are also available. The analysis of kitchen furniture distribution channels covers: direct sales, contract/ building trade; kitchen specialists, DIY stores, furniture retailers, large furniture chains, mail order/e-commerce. Addresses of around 300 European kitchen furniture manufacturers are also included.


Abstract : Cholera was induced in guinea pigs by peroral feeding of a viable Vibrio cholerae culture. The animals were sacrificed at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 24 hour stages. At 1, 1 1/2, 2 and 5 minute intervals prior to sacrifice the guinea pigs received a total of 55 mg ferritin in saline I.V. Electron microscopy of the gut mucosa revealed an accelerated passage of ferritin out of the capillary lumen via pinocytosis and the smooth endoplasmic reticulum network of the endothelium. No ferritin was seen to escape via patent endothelial junctions. Few cytotoxic effects were seen in the capillary endothelium. When degeneration and rarefication of the capillaries did occur, the ferritin particles were freely dispersed within the endothelial cytoplasm. A similar group of animals receiving MgSO4 to induce a non-toxic, osmotic diarrhea gave similar findings. Normal control animals showed a similar route of ferritin passage through the capillary endothelium. However, the rate of ferritin loss was much extended as compared to the experimentals. These findings suggest an accelerated, selective active transport of high molecular weight molecules across intoxicated endothelium in the face of minimal pathologic changes. When cyto-toxic effects are demonstrable, the loss of cellular organization is reflected in the loss of selective molecular permeability.


The utility model relates to a two degree-of-freedom parallel spraying robot which comprises an RPRR closed-loop branch chain and an actuating mechanism branch chain, wherein rotation shafts of control rods of the RPRR closed-loop branch chain are at a same axis, the RPRR closed-loop branch chain can control a first rotary table to perform a two degree-of-freedom in a plane and can perform a whole-circle rotation motion, and a spacial two degree-of-freedom motion of a moving platform can be realized by movements of the first rotary table and a second rotary table. According to the two degree-of-freedom parallel spraying robot, the closed-loop branch chain is used to control the motion of the two rotary tables in the plane, thereby realizing a two degree-of-freedom motion of the moving platform and enabling the parallel mechanism to have the characteristics of being compact in structure, simple to control and excellent in rigidity, and all driving levers are connected on a rack and lever pieces can be made into light levers, and enabling the mechanism to be small in movement inertia and excellent in dynamics performance.


The paper introduces the present situation and principal contradictions in the urban and rural development of Wuhu,analyzes the basic concept,objectives,tasks and emphasis of the coordinated urban-rural development in Wuhu,based on which some suggestions were proposed.


COVID-19 broke out at the end of 2019, and China achieved remarkable results in COVID-19's prevention and control. Till May 2021, the epidemic has been controlled in China. Community prevention and control play a key role. To clarify the planning impact mechanism of epidemic prevention and control at the community level in China. This paper proposes a grounded theory research method and conducts in-depth interviews with residents, managers, and merchants in typical communities in China. Three different epidemic scenarios (none, mild, and moderate or severe) have been studied for community epidemic prevention and control from the perspective of behavior compliance and planning support. Through the process of open coding, axis coding, and selective coding, 84 concepts, 18 subcategories, and 5 main categories were obtained. Finally, from the five aspects of "residents' needs", "epidemic compliance behavior ", "community governance", "multiple scenarios application" and "public facilities and planning", the paper puts forward the planning support model and five core factors of epidemic prevention and control. It is found that in three different epidemic scenarios, users' functional needs, and behavior choices for life circle are also different, including business types and travel modes. China's community epidemic prevention and control can be used as a successful example. The conclusions of this study provide theoretical support for promoting community epidemic management and community planning worldwide.


Purpose: Accumulating evidences have suggested the relevant correlation between aberrant mitochondrial dynamics and cardiac diseases. Since alteration in energy metabolism in myocardium, where glucose oxidation was reduced due to insulin resistance, plays critical roles in the pathophysiology of heart failure (HF), we here investigated the impact of DRP-1 (one of mitochondrial dynamic proteins to induce mitochondrial fission) in the pathogenesis of myocardial insulin resistance using differentiated H9c2 myocytes.

Results and methods: (1) The DRP-1 expressing H9c2 myocytes (DRP-1) exhibited fragmented mitochondria (72±2.5% of cells vs. 22±1.0% of non-treated control, P<0.01), depolarized mitochondrial membrane potential (measured with JC-1 ratio; 3.7±0.1 vs. 5.4±0.2 of non-treated control, P<0.01), and increased mitochondrial ROS production (measured with mitoSOX; 2.5±0.2 fold increase from non-treated control, P<0.01). DRP-1 expressing myocytes also exhibited the attenuated insulin-signal transduction (AKT serine residue phosphorylation) and reduced insulin (100 nM)-mediated 2-DG uptake (1.1±0.1 fold increase from without insulin vs. 1.6±0.1 of non-treated control, P<0.01), indicating insulin resistance. When DRP-1 expressing myocytes were treated with 200μM of Mn-TMPyP (a ROS scavenger; DRP-1 + TMPyP), not only the fragmented mitochondria by DRP-1 (65±4% of cells, P<0.01 vs. DRP-1) but also DRP-1-induced insulin resistance (2-DG uptake: 1.4±0.1 fold increase from without insulin vs. 1.1±0.1 of DRP-1, P<0.01) were restored. (2) The hydrogen peroxide (H2O2; 100μM)-treated myocytes exhibited fragmented mitochondria (74±2% of cells vs. 4±1% of non-treated control, P< 0.01) and increased DRP-1 expression. The H2O2–treated myocytes also exhibited the attenuation in insulin signal transduction and insulin-mediated 2-DG uptake (1.3±0.1 fold increase from without insulin vs. 1.0±0.0 of non-treated control, P<0.01), indicating insulin resistance. When DRP-1 was suppressed by siRNA (DRPi), not only the H2O2–induced mitochondrial fragmentation (84±1% of cells, P<0.01 vs. H2O2) but also H2O2–induced insulin-resistance (2-DG uptake: 1.2±0.1 fold increase from without insulin, P<0.01 vs. H2O2) were restored.

Conclusions: Our results suggested that the expression of DRP-1 could promote insulin resistance through mitochondrial ROS production. Thus, the suppression of DRP-1 and/or mitochondrial ROS production in cardiac myocytes may provide a new target for myocardial insulin resistance under HF.


. XOR games are a simple computational model with connections to many areas of complexity theory including interactive proof systems, hardness of approximation, and communication complexity. Perhaps the earliest use of XOR games was in the study of quantum correlations, as an experimentally realizable setup which could demonstrate non-local effects as predicted by quantum mechanics. XOR games also have an interesting connection to Grothendieck's inequality, a fundamental theorem of analysis—Grothendieck's inequality shows that two players sharing entanglement can achieve at most a constant factor advantage over players following classical strategies in an XOR game. The case of multiplayer XOR games is much less well understood. P´erez-Garc´ıa et al. show the existence of entangled states which allow an unbounded advantage for players in a three-party XOR game over their classical counterparts. On the other hand, they show that when the players share GHZ states, a well studied multiparty entangled state, this advantage is bounded by a constant. We use a multilinear generalization of Grothendieck's inequality due to Blei and Tonge to simplify the proof of the second result and extend it to the case of so-called Schmidt states, answering an open problem of P´erez-Garc´ıa et al. Via a reduction given in that paper, this answers a 35-year-old problem in operator algebras due to Varopoulos, showing that the space of compact operators on a Hilbert space is a Q-algebra under Schur product. A further generalization of Grothendieck's inequality due to Carne lets us show that the gap between the entangled and classical value is at most a constant in any multiplayer XOR game in which the players are allowed to share combinations of GHZ states and EPR pairs of any dimension. this implies that in a three-party XOR game, players sharing an arbitrary stabilizer state cannot achieve more than a constant factor advantage over unentangled players.Finally, we discuss applications of our results to communication complexity. We show that the discrepancy method in communication complexity remains a lower bound in the multiparty model where the players have quantum communication and any of the kinds of entanglement discussed above. This answers an open question of Lee, Schechtman, and Shraibman who showed that discrepancy was a lower bound on multiparty communication complexity but were unable to handle the case of entanglement.


The purpose of this study is to examine the characteristics of disaster associated with typhoon passed through the sea areas excluding the South Sea around the Korean Peninsula. First, Korean peninsula-affecting typhoons were divided into their track patterns of passing through the Korean West Sea and East Sea based on typhoon data from 1951 to 2006 provided by Regional Specialized Meteorological Center(RSMC)-Tokyo. Then, annual and monthly frequency and intensity of typhoon in each pattern was examined. In particular, typhoon related damages during the period of 1973 to 2006 were analyzed in each case. Results showed that since early 1970, in the West Sea case, typhoon becomes weaker without significant change in frequency, while in the East Sea case, it becomes stronger with an increasing trend. It is also found that the high amount of typhoon damage results from the submergence of houses and farmlands in the East Sea case, while it is due to the breakdown of houses, ships, roads and bridges in the West Sea case. In addition, it is revealed from the analysis of rainfall and maximum wind speed data associated with typhoon disasters that the main cause of occurring typhoon disasters seem to be qualitatively related to strong wind in the West Sea case and heavy rainfall in the East Sea case.


In this paper we investigate the distribution of values of L(1,chi) as chi ranges over primitive real characters. In particular we focus on the extent to which this distribution may be approximated by "random Euler products." Our work also establishes a recent conjecture of Montgomery and Vaughan on the frequency of large (or small) values of L(1,chi).


Higher air temperatures and drier conditions may create stronger water vapour pressure and increase rates of cutaneous water loss, while elevated body temperatures may in turn directly speed up metabolic rates that lead to higher respiratory water loss. Therefore, water budgets are an important organismal trait for understanding their responses to climate change. The most common method of water loss estimation combines respiratory and cutaneous pathways by measuring body weight loss over a defined period of time. Currently, obtained values are often summed or averaged for population or species comparisons. We warn about potential statistical problems using average or summed values of water loss due to emerging temporal patterns. In this study we used a model dataset of lizards and to investigate temporal patterns in water loss datasets. We found that temporal patterns strongly vary across datasets and often deviate from the summed/average profile. Also, the duration of the experiment needs to remain long enough to detect the temporal patterns and produce representative results, while averages at different end-points of the experiment will also vary with temporal patterns. We propose that a simple statistical approach including hour of the experiment as non-linear explanatory variable in GAMM is used to investigate and adequately account for temporal patterns, which will ensure comparability of studies using meta-analyses in the future. Found signal of temporal variation in water loss also suggests that it holds significant biological relevance, potentially mostly connected to behavioural but also physiological adjustments and needs research attention in the future.


At events and sightseeing spots, congestion can be a factor that lowers customer satisfaction, so there is need for methods that mitigate congestion. Currently, there are methods for mitigating congestion such as changing the layout of an event and restricting customer behavior. However, there are problems in that it is difficult to reduce congestion at events in which the layout cannot be changed, and there is a risk the satisfaction level will be reduced due to restricting customer behavior. Therefore, we propose a method aimed at reducing congestion by allowing users to voluntarily select a detour to avoid congestion by providing users with not only obvious information but latent information with a walk-rally application. In demonstration experiments at real events and sightseeing spots, we confirmed that the proposed method is effective at reducing congestion and clarified how to use latent information effectively for mitigating congestion.


Reactive power compensation is considered to be very essential to support and stabilize the voltage of buses within permissible limit. The problem of reactive power compensation can be divided into three parts: planning, expansion and control. Planning means setting of the location and magnitude of reactive power compensation resources in the electrical systems. Expansion means pursuing the changes for the reactive power requirements along time. Control means the operation method to realize better standards. This paper explains the use of Genetic Algorithm (GA) Technique to solve the problem of optimal location and size of reactive compensation in Mosul ring buses. The results are compared with available studies solving the problem using conventional methods.


The Global Position System (GPS) has become a standard method for low cost onboard satellite orbit determination. The use of GPS as an attitude and rate sensor has also been developed in the recent past. Additionally, focus has been given to attitude and orbit estimation using the magnetometer, a low cost, reliable sensor. Combining measurements from both GPS and a magnetometer can provide a robust navigation system which takes advantage of the estimation qualities of both measurements. Ultimately a low cost, accurate navigation system can result, potentially eliminating the need for more costly sensors, including gyroscopes. This work presents the development and preliminary testing of a unified navigation algorithm which produces estimates of attitude, angular rate, position, and velocity for a low earth orbit (LEO) spacecraft. The system relies on GPS phase, range, and range rate data as well as magnetometer data. The algorithm used is an extended Kalman filter (EKF) developed to provide LEO attitude, orbit, and rate estimates using magnetometer and sun sensor data. Incorporating sun sensor data into the EKF improved the attitude and rate estimates. For many LEO spacecraft the sun data is available during only a portion of the orbit. However, GPS data is available continuously throughout the orbit. GPS can produce accurate orbit estimates and combining GPS and magnetometer data improves the attitude and rate estimates. The magnetometer based EKF can converge from large initial errors in position, velocity, and 3 attitude . Combining the magnetometer and GPS data into a single EKF will provide a more robust and accurate system. The EKF is based on an existing EKF. The GPS measurement models for phase, range, and range rate are incorporated into the existing structure of the filter. The original EKF produced the orbit estimates in terms of Keplerian elements. Due to the nature of the GPS measurements and ease of computation, the orbit estimates are converted to the Cartesian position and velocity. The measurement model for the magnetometer is adjusted for this change in the state and the measurements. Preliminary test results based on simulated GPS and magnetometer data are included.


: KT-1P for the Peru Air Force will be used as a utility aircraft with upgraded avionics equipment and arming capability based on KT-1 and KA-1. KT-1P should be shown for compatibility of new store loading configurations loaded with dispenser, bomb, and rocket based on aircraft-store compatibility test and evaluation procedures before KT-1P is operated as a light attack aircraft. The weapon system ground test for installation and flight test for envelope expansion including store separation are described in this paper, which was performed referring 'seek eagle program' under MIL-HDBK-1763 and MIL-HDBK-244A


The last few years have witnessed a growing emergence of biotechnology industry in Spain. In this study we will reveal the asymmetric behaviour of the busi...


The use of reduced, isomerised hop extracts became very popular during the last decade in terms of achieving both better foam and light stability. Today the most common products are those with tetra-hydro-iso-α-acids (THIA) or rho-iso-α-acids (RHIA). There is still not clarity concerning the taste properties of these products in comparison with iso-α-acid Bitter Units (BU). The experiments conducted showed that the bitter conversion factors determined in previous work (1.6 for THIA and 0.7 for RHIA) represented only perceived bitterness when presented in tap water. In the test beers a bitter conversion factor of 1.0–1.1 for THIA was determined and the factor of 0.7 for RHIA in beer was confirmed. Photometric methods led to considerable deviations when used for the determination of THIA and RHIA, whereas the HPLC method, in combination with either Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) or Liquid Liquid Extraction (LLE), led to very good results. RHIA was found to have a foam stabilising effect and it was also shown that the foam stabilising effect of THIA in unhopped beer was higher than in hopped beer. The quality of bitterness decreased with an increase of THIA and RHIA. A dependency on the alcohol content in regard to the bitter intensity was ascertained.


This article deals with the representations of the elderly in film narratives, especially the concept of the elderly, the aging process and consumption. To this end, we selected two movies: Something's Gotta Give and Bucket List, in order to deconstruct their narratives and rethink the possibilities of being old. The marketing view suggested by the media feeds consumerism with unique narratives which definites the process of inclusion and exclusion of the elderly set by a framing. The deconstruction of the film narrative expands the possibilities of educating our look to resist the hegemonic narratives that projects as a source of truth on the cinema screen, from the perspective of Cultural Studies. Discussions about aging process contributes to the development of a critical pedagogy in educating the elderly who returns to school and offer theoretical and methodological support for the training teachers who works in teaching and learning for the elderly.


With the world economic development, environmental pollution caused by contaminated sites has become a focused problem in the world. The backward remediation and management of contaminated sites in China make this problem more prominent. Based on the generalized understanding of "contaminated sites", the paper analyzed contaminated sites information and summarized types, characteristics and distribution of typical areas in China according to category.


Injustice to women has made feminists fight the threats and all the attachments they experience. With that, women are considered capable of presenting themselves as independent figures free from adversity. The novel Garis Perempuan is one of the feminist-themed works present in revealing the resistance of the four female characters. This novel by Sanie B Kuncoro was published in 2010. This novel is a literary work that reveals things related to the attachment of female characters named Ranting, Tawangsari, Gendhing and Zhang Mey with patriarchal culture and other threats they face. Research on the novel Garis Perempuan aims to describe the resistance of the four female characters against patriarchal domination. To achieve this goal, this study uses the theory of feminist literary criticism. This study shows that the four female characters managed to defend themselves and their virginity from the threat of a patriarchal culture that is contrary to themselves. With all their uniqueness, they can have an opinion and hold fast to their position as a form of appreciation for themselves as women.


Parameter-tying (or sharing) is widely used in hidden Markov models (HMM) for speech recognition because of its ability to enhance recognition accuracy and robustness. This paper tries to make best use of phonetic structure of the Chinese language to optimize parameter-tying in building acoustic models for an HMM-based continuous Chinese speech recognition system. Phonetic context based parameter-tying schemes are studied and compared with conventional parametertying schemes through experiments on a very large vocabulary, speaker-independent, continuous Chinese speech recognition system. The test of four male and four female subjects shows that the proposed parametertying scheme gives substantial improvement over the conventional ways of parametertying, without significantly increasing the number of system parameters.


Sensations in nearly all modalities show the phenomenon of negative adaptation. That is, under continual and unchanging application of a given stimulus the characteristic sensation evoked disappears after a given interval. This interval is known as the sensory adaptation time.1


Based on the relevant theories of capacity evaluation system construction, the evaluation system of German industry 4.0 is summarized. After referring to the experience of typical domestic and foreign enterprises in intelligent manufacturing construction and development level, the key factors affecting intelligent manufacturing capability are analyzed.Then, under the lead of the principles of evaluation index system of overall design, from the five stages of enterprise life cycle and the six factors of intelligent elements, a total of 28 dimension designed the evaluation index, and build ability evaluation model, to determine the index weight, the design of intelligent manufacturing capability level table, intelligent manufacturing capability of the enterprise overall maturity evaluation and research, has been clear about the key elements of enterprise intelligent manufacturing capacity upgrade.


The asymmetric synthesis of a new proline surrogate, incorporating the dimethylsilyl group at position 4 of proline using Schollkopf's bis-lactim ether method, is described.


I. Overview: It is widely known that after World War II, and in particular in the 1950s and 1960s, the Japanese government adopted a complicated set of policy measures designed to accelerate industrial development, and that in order to do this the government worked in close cooperation with the private sector. However, it is not well known how industrial policy was in fact implemented, nor is the decision process through which it was formulated widely understood. At the time many individual measures were widely reported in newspapers and the like, but there have been few attempts by outsiders to present a clear, overall picture of "industrial policy." Thus, while many things were well known to the parties involved, there is much that is not known now, even among academics. There are furthermore relatively few studies that seek to analyze the effectiveness of the various policy measures and their impact on the national economy,1 though in the late 1970s a fair number of books and two studies were written that were perceptive and provided much information.2 From the mid-1970s, with the obvious success of Japanese industry, the content of industrial policy has changed greatly, while at the same time interest abroad in Japanese industrial policy has heightened. From the United States and Europe to the developing countries (especially East Asia—including China), there is strong interest in the lessons to be learned for their own industrial development from postwar Japanese industrial policy. Until now, however, studies by foreign scholars have either been limited to a description of policy measures or relied more heavily on a political science perspective than on economic analysis. As a result there has been a general trend abroad to overestimate the comprehensiveness and effectiveness of industrial policy.


Problems in definition and measurement of 'cognitive complexity' are discussed and the importance of examining the predictive validity of the different measurement techniques is stressed. An experiment is described which examines the intercorrelations between several measures of 'complexity' and their relation to the subjects' predictions of how others' personal constructs are employed. The 'hierarchical complexity' measure of Smith & Leach (1972), Bannister's (1960, 1962) 'Intensity' score and Mehrabian & Komito's (1968) measure of factorial complexity share no variance with any scores derived from the prediction task developed in the reported experiment. The hypothesis that more 'cognitively complex' persons (Bieri's definition, 1966) are 'set' to seek less common features in their social environment receives strong support from the experiment. That this 'set' may lead to a significant, but spurious, association between 'complexity' and accuracy in social predictions is suggested by an analysis of the prediction tasks used in other studies. Bannister's Intensity is highly related to Mehrabian & Komito's measure, but contrary to expectation is unrelated to Bieri's complexity.


Under Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), impaired intestinal barrier from lumen is highly associated with ongoing IBD symptoms and it also contributes as a precursor for IBD. Current IBD therapeutics lack on mucosal regeneration, which the unmet needs could be the next first in class therapeutics for IBD. Here, we propose NIPEP-IBD, a synthetically modified peptide that promotes adhesion, migration, and differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells via interaction of integrin beta 1. From NIBEC's specialized peptide discovery platform screening, specifically sequenced peptide has been selected for regenerative functional peptide, termed NIPEP-IBD. NIPEP-IBD selectively targeted and bound to integrin beta 1 protein, and its interaction was also verified in vitro, using immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence assays on epithelial cells. Consequently, NIPEP-IBD increased integrin beta 1 expression, followed by phosphorylated FAK and RhoA proteins. As FAK-RhoA signaling pathway is known to modulate cytoskeletal rearrangement and maturation of epithelial cells, tight junction markers and rapid wound closure of epithelial cells was accelerated by NIPEP-IBD induction. The effect of NIPEP-IBD was further analyzed in vivo IBD model. DSS-induced colitis mouse model was used to analyze therapeutic effect of NIPEP-IBD in each IP and PO administration, and impaired mucosa layer by DSS was recovered by NIPEP-IBD, verified with H&E staining. Moreover, NIPEP-IBD treated mice showed reduced immune cell infiltration in colon tissue and reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines in plasma. In vivo fluorescence imaging system was further used to track distribution of NIPEP-IBD, and NIPEP-IBD specifically binds to impaired epithelium, co-localized with integrin beta 1 protein. The following GLP toxicity studies, ADME studies, and PK studies demonstrated that safety of NIPEP-IBD was verified as a therapeutic agent. Therefore, NIPEP-IBD is a safe and effective therapeutic peptide on IBD patients by restituting epithelial layer of colon and maintain its remission.