Objective: To investigate the antioxidant activity of extracts of aerial parts of Gladiolus segetum and determination of their total phenolics and flavonoids content. Material and methods: A detailed study was performed on the antioxidant activity of the extracts of Gladiolus Segetum (GS) by employing established in vitro systems using DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging capacity, the s-carotene-linoleic acid assay, CUPRAC, ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) and metal chelation. Total phenolic content was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method and flavonoids was also determined by the trichloroaluminum method. Results: The total phenolic contents (TPC) (64, 96±1,08 mg GAE/g extract) of methanol extract of GS while total flavonoid contents (TFC) (39,79±2,36 mg QE/g extract) were found significantly higher as compared to other extracts.
The EC50 values of methanol extract of GS based on the DPPH (118,29±0,64µg/ml), ABTS (23,76±2,02 µg/ml), s-carotene (29,67±1,99 µg/ml), CUPRAC (47,34±4,50 µg/ml), FRAP (55,34±0,69 µg/ml) and metal chelation (40,80±1,71 µg/ml) were generally lower showing potential antioxidant properties. Conclusion: Methanolic extract of GS showed the highest phenolic and flavonoid concentrations and strong antioxidant activity. The Gladiolus segetum can be regarded as promising candidates for natural plant sources of antioxidants with high value.


The Seattle Aquarium has reared coho and Chinook fingerlings since 1978 in a 36,000 liter recirculating freshwater system utilizing clinoptilolite (clino) for ammonia removal. The system has effectively produced 140,000 smolts, due in large part to the efficient removal of fish-excreted ammonia by the clino filters. Quantitative studies were performed to assess clino filter loading capacity and to establish effective recharging techniques. The operational characteristics of the clino filters and suggestions for using them in freshwater recirculating culture systems are discussed.


Considering the definition of Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) criteria, historical buildings in Europe need solutions to be able to be more energy efficient. One approach to identify high energy consumers is data analysis. To enable this approach, the following research questions have to be answered: 1. How can data be captured in a valid and efficient way? 2. How can data be standardized and merged within dashboards? 3. How can data be analysed within these common dashboards? To answer these questions, results of a mixed-methods-research project [1] were used, to give a view on the impact and use of emerging technologies and to allow the definition of the best suited technology. Based on the results of this step and previous research [2], the relevant tools and the IT architecture was defined. Thirdly, a case study was enrolled, which is based on the previously defined IT architecture, using IoT measuring devices from European production, two different databases and two analytic tools. To cover the ESG-reporting demands, data structure and relevant building structures were defined. The paper also presents the final decision on the database and the analytics tool, both capable to analyse large amount of data and operated as open solutions (enables enlargement at any time and works without license cost).


Map shows position of American forces outside of Molino del Rey and Chapultepec. Shows Mexican forces between Molino del Rey and Mexico City. Illustrates towns and roads in the region. Relief shown by hachures. Scale [ca. 1:15,840].


Scattered data concerning stimulation and depression of the central nervous system following the administration of atropine are both numerous and contradictory. Albertoni 1 reported that atropine in doses from 2–10 mg per kg increases the electrical excitability of the motor cortex and facilitates the production of epileptiform seizures following stimulation of motor areas in dogs and monkeys, and stated that fatal or nearly fatal doses exert depressant or paralysant effects (terminating in paralysis of the limbs and respiratory muscles) without previous stimulation. Fraser 2 and Issekutz 3 described after initial depression the appearance of strychninelike convulsions in frogs. Joel, 4 Garcia, 5 Silver 6 and Friedberg 7 reported that the combination of atropine or hyoscyamine or scopolamine with morphine, ether, sodium phenobarbital or pernoston enhances the action of these narcotics. These authors used nearly anesthetic doses of the aliphatic depressants and supplemented these with doses from 25 to 50 mg of atropine per kg, immediately or a few minutes later. It is significant that Friedberg states that the synergism does not occur if the atropine is given one-half hour after injection of the barbiturates. All these experiments were carried out in rodents and it is obvious that a possible shock-producing effect of atropine given immediately on top of a sizeable dose of a central depressant, was not eliminated. Very recently Schweitzer and Wright 8 have shown that 0.5–3.0 mg of atropine per kg depress the knee jerk owing to a central action and that these doses do not markedly antagonize either the excitatory action of physostigmine or the characteristic central inhibition produced by larger doses of acetylcholine. The following experiments were carried out to study separately the stimulant and depressant actions of atropine and subject them to pharmacodynamic analysis. This was found possible only if large doses of this drug were employed.


An on-glass optically transparent monopole antenna with ultrawide bandwidth is presented in this work, and the proposed antenna is of ring shape and coplanar waveguide fed structure. Optically transparent indium tin oxide (ITO) thin film with a thickness of ~160 nm is used as the conductive layer, which is sputtered on an optically transparent glass substrate. An impedance bandwidth of 6 GHz from 1 to 7 GHz is achieved, with a return loss lower than −10 dB, meaning a fractional bandwidth of 150%. The proposed antenna exhibits reasonable radiations of omni-directionality in the H plane and bi-directionality in the E plane. Like other transparent antennas discussed in literature, the antenna gain is relatively low (−4 dBi at 5 GHz). In order to optimize the antenna performance, multi-film approach is proposed to reduce its sheet resistance, and the result shows that the antenna gain at 4 GHz can be improved from −8 dBi to 5 dBi when optimizing the sheet resistance from 10 Ω/sq to 0.01 Ω/sq. The designed antenna possesses a high optical transparency, which makes it easy to integrate to the surface of windows or display panels, and it can be applied for solar energy harvesting and many other ultra-wideband applications, with little chance of detection.


A new energy decomposition approach, aimed at identifying residues playing a folding key role, has been applied here to three homologous proteins, belonging to the calycin superfamily, namely bovine and porcine beta‐lactoglobulins and Liver basic fatty acid binding protein, sharing the same beta‐barrel fold and different degree of sequence identities. All‐atom, explicit solvent molecular dynamics simulations around the native conformation were used to generate, for each of the three proteins, energy maps which were further simplified through eigenvalue decomposition. Analysis of the components of the eigenvector associated with the lowest eigenvalue singled out those residues (hot sites) behaving as strongly interacting and possible nucleation centers. The results fit well with experimental folding data and, especially, with the analysis of side chain–side chain interaction conservation. Proteins 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The International Low Grade Glioma (LGG) Registry is a community of people with LGGs who have contributed data and specimens to facilitate genomic research. The Registry aims to discover the roles genetics and the environment play in glioma risk factors and treatment response. To ensure findings apply to a range of diverse populations and settings, it is crucial to build trust and encourage representative participation in the Registry.

 Three engagement strategies were used to gather recommendations for improving trust and participation in LGG genomic research. We established a Research Advisory Council (RAC) consisting of 25 members, including people with LGG, care partners, clinicians, researchers, advocates, and genomics and ethics experts. Additionally, we engaged two existing social media communities (the #BTSM community on Twitter, the Oligodendroglioma/LGG Warriors Facebook group) through separate discussions with each group over four months. Topics included: 1) Trust and benefits of genomic research; 2) Registry recruitment; 3) Registry data collection; and 4) Return of results. We used qualitative methods to summarize recommendations.

 Feedback received from community members indicated a willingness to share information with the Registry. Recommendations related to recruitment message content and packaging, communication channels, data security, and conveying the individual- and population-level impacts of genomic research. The Registry's messages should include clear information about how data and specimens are being used. Both research and individual-level findings should be shared back with participants and the broader community using accessible language, but without being paternalistic or promising cures or "miracles."

 Engaging an advisory council and existing social media communities were effective approaches for identifying recommendations for enhancing trust and participation in genomic research. Regular, consistent, transparent communication with participants throughout the research process is key. Future efforts will operationalize and evaluate the impact of these recommendations on equity and representativeness of Registry participants.


Plasma heating by fast magnetosonic waves is studied. It is assumed that the particles are not at resonance with the waves and have a velocity much smaller than the Alfven velocity. The interaction with the waves results from the presence of a low-frequency tail on the spectrum of magnetic perturbations. Some specific mechanisms which might lead to this tail are proposed. Astrophysical applications are discussed.


The paper introduced four typical methods of constructing auxiliary function:the method of variation of parameters,primary function method,constant-k-value methnod,differential equations method.In proving inequality as well as the existence of intervening figure(or zeros),four methods have extremely important and widespread application.


A phytogeographical analysis of the forest flora of the Kasai Sector (Congo- Kinshasa). For a phytogeographical analysis, 1706 more characteristic and frequent taxa of the climax and subclimax forests of the Kasai sector were chosen. It shows that widespread species from the Guineo-Congolian regional centre of endemism (R.C.E.) represent the major element (79% of the taxa) of the flora of this sector, wherein two groups may be distinguished: taxa from the Lower Guinean and taxa from the Congolian subcentre of endemism. Widespread taxa from other R.C.E. 's represent 14% of the total; they are in general ecologically plastic. Taxa from the Zambezian R.C.E. represent only 7% while only 5% of the species are endemic to the sector; these forests should be considered as a "prolongation" of the forests of the central Congo basin. The analysis of distribution patterns allows to distinguish widespread, central, northern, western and southern species in the sector. Species with a narrow area seem to be confined to the forest underlayers.


AT THE present time in the United States there is widespread criticism of the public school. It is charged that the school is neglecting the "fundamentals" of reading, writing, and arithmetic; that it has abandoned the time-tested methods of drill and recitation; that it has exchanged the rigorous discipline of the past for the "soft pedagogy" of the Progressives; that it has placed a premium on mediocrity; that it has failed to inculate habits of work and industry; that it has slighted the teaching of facts; and that it has introduced children to the study of controversial social issues beyond their understanding. More seriously, it is charged that the school has neglected the teaching of moral and spiritual values, encouraged juvenile delinquency, weakened the moral fibre of our people, and therefore contributed to an alleged general condition of "moral disintegration" marking our society in the present epoch. Some of the critics hold John Dewey and his followers, including the present speaker, responsible for this "deplorable" condition.


In his keynote lecture for the inaugural event of SFU's Institute for Transpacific Cultural Research, Chua Beng Huat spoke of the difficulty of using Western benchmarks to demarcate a new area of Asian studies. A concept like transnational comes with questions already attached regarding the flow of resources or capital between nations. But which nations? From or towards the Global North or the Global South? Westwards towards the US? Or further East towards China? For Huat and the founders of the Institute, if they were to open up new areas of research and discussion, it would be necessary to create a new term, inter-Asian, as well as a new methodology, Asia as Method.1 Huat's account suggests that a sphere of knowledge production can be an imagined space—an area of discourse that can have its coordinates reset from time to time according to current needs, circumstances and objectives. But after pressing reset, what are the influences that keep the boundaries of a field of research intact? One possible influence is a researcher's positionality which is the subject of this paper. For instance, as I listened to Huat's keynote, I was struck by two things: first, the use of particular words and phrases denoting, describing or circumscribing movement across or through a field. This point interested me because I had considered transnationalism mainly in terms of the relationship between country of origin/host country or home/away but not necessarily the spaces inbetween. Being fairly new to this knowledge community, I began to wonder how I should even begin to conceptualize this interim space between point A and point B? How did this concept stack up against my personal experience? Secondly, I noted the use of geographical terms: flows, boundaries, locality, and designated spaces. This observation is unsurprising considering that any discussion of nationalism carries within it a discussion of the state and its physical boundaries. However, Tobler's First Law of Geography argues that "Everything is related to everything else, but near things are more related than distant things" (Tobler, 1969). This simple principle offers a more nuanced perspective on transnationalism in that it allows for discussion of the near and the related, as well as the spaces in between. It serves as a useful framework for positioning myself as well as the boundaries of my research in locating situated notions of "home" within the context of transnationalism.


There is an old proverb which says "An humble heart is the beginning of wisdom," and it is with this in mind that I take my place behind this desk to deliver the twentieth Carman Lecture. I am sensible of the honor that has been done me by our President, of the distinguished character of the audience before me, and of the illustrious men who have preceded me here, and these combine to form a quite understandable basis for the genuine humility with which I approach this task. As to my subject, I shall not attempt to expound upon its importance, since to do so would serve only to bring into strong relief the weakness of the exposition. I shall, therefore, proceed at once to make Dr. Carman a sort of text for the remarks that I intend to make. Dr. Russell D. Carman was one of the truly great men of our profession. A pioneer in the field, he was blessed with unusual powers of observation and with a reflective mind which transformed his observations into theories and dogmas which became important parts of the ...


Abstract The feasibility of manufacturing sintered ceramic tiles containing a high proportion of pulverised fuel ash (PFA) using conventional ceramic tile processing methods has been investigated at pilot plant scale. From earlier laboratory experiments, a composition containing 92⋅0 wt-%PFA, 5⋅0 wt-% sodium bentonite and 3⋅0 wt-% talc produced good quality small disc samples. The scale-up trials reported here used this same composition and involved deflocculant addition, wet milling, spray drying, pressing and firing, with the behaviour during each processing stage being characterised. Although there were no substantial technical problems associated with forming green tiles, the composition selected needed high levels of deflocculant and produced pressed samples with low green densities, resulting in high shrinkage during firing. The high dependence of shrinkage on temperature caused excessive tile distortion. In addition, sintered samples with less than 2% water absorption exhibited a bloating effect, resulting in poor surface quality. Possible solutions to the problems encountered during the pilot scale trials are considered and the potential commercial viability of high PFA content ceramic products is discussed.


During the nearly-90-year development, the number and composition of CPC's membership have been changed greatly. Byanalyzing the change of the number and composition of CPC's membership since the founding of CPC, especially since the 17th National Congress of CPC, this paper tries to grasp the historic evolution and developing trend of the number and composition of CPC'smembership. The composition of CPC's membership truly reflects Chinese social and economic structure. Analyzing this composition ishelpful for consolidating and enlarging the class foundation of CPC and keeping CPC's influence and cohesion in the State politics.


Several guidelines recommend the preferential use of NOAC compared to warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation, based on evidence to support a efficacy similar to warfarin, but with a lower incidence of intracranial hemorrhage. The case described is a typical example of non-optimal use of NOACs in clinical practice: although the final choice of dabigatran 110 mg bid is in line with the recommendations of the guidelines and with the literature, the previous choice of administering enoxaparin is inadequate due to the presence of atrial fibrillation which makes the use of the drug off-label due to the lack of clinical data in this type of patient. Nevertheless, use of enoxaparin waiting to optimize anticoagulant therapy is very common in clinical practice. Non-inferiority in reagards to thromboembolic events and a superior safety profile in comparison to warfarin in the RE-LY study, make dabigatran 110 mg bid a suitable choice in clinical practice for patients at high risk of both thrombotic and hemorrhagic stroke (Cardiology).


Genre analysis has become an important tool for teaching writing across the disciplines to non-native English-speaking (EL2) and native English-speaking (EL1) graduate students alike. Since the pressing needs of EL2 graduate students have meant that educators often teach them in separate classes, and since genre-based research into teaching higher-level writing has been largely generated in fields such as English for Academic Purposes, we have an insufficient understanding of whether this instructional mode plays out similarly in EL1 and EL2 classrooms. Launching a genre-based course on writing research articles in parallel sections for EL1 and EL2 graduate students provided an opportunity to address this knowledge shortfall. This article qualitatively examines the different classroom behaviors observed in each version of the course when a common curriculum was used and specifically explores three key themes: initial receptivity, nature of student engagement, and overall assessment. Our study shows that although EL2 and EL1 learners have similar needs, the obstacles to their benefitting from genre-based instruction are different; EL2 students must learn to identify themselves as needing writing support that transcends linguistic matters, while EL1 students must learn to identify themselves as needing writing support despite their linguistic competence. Providing the same mode of instruction can benefit both populations as long as educators are sensitive to the specific challenges each population presents in the classroom. The insights gained contribute to the scholarship on genre-based teaching and offer ways of better meeting the needs of EL1 and EL2 students alike.


The article provides insight into the features of one of the periods of the language situation during the Second World War. Language functions in ethnically Ukrainian lands were not the focus of interdisciplinary discussion of the lives of ordinary people during the years of occupation. The relevance of studying this issue in Ukrainian historical sociolinguistics is in the need to develop a typological approach to the characterization of language situations.


The article studies changes in the structure of environmental conditions of regions in the large former Soviet countries (case study of Russia and Kazakhstan) that have formed considerable contrasts in the placement of industrial complex and population settlement during the previous development stages. The changes related to the transition to market economy have led to essential transformation of environmental conditions. A complex index allowing to assess changes at the regional level in Kazakhstan and Russia and to reveal main similarities and differences between those changes is applied to studying the transformation of regional and industry structure. The article examines both industry-specific and spatial patterns forming environmental conditions at the regional level.


As a community psychiatric nurse I meet people from right across the social spectrum, often in their own homes. One of my clients is Liz (a pseudonym), a 35-year-old mother with a successful business, huge mortgage, difficult ex-husband, fluctuating depressive illness and an addiction to the sun.


This chapter describes and discusses the approach taken by a group of researchers in the Faculty of Health Sciences to improving the learning outcomes of health science graduates. In so doing, we highlight a process and a model that could be used by other groups of researchers wishing to develop and strengthen graduate skills and attributes during university education. A key feature of the model is participation by key stakeholders: employers of new graduates, graduates and academics. Whilst consulting relevant stakeholders has been the cornerstone of improvements to teaching and learning (Foskett, 2005) our approach with this consultation process is unique. We discuss why we believe our approach is unique and the developments in research and curricula spanning over a decade (1993-2004). The original piece of work consisted of a follow-up of graduates to determine what skills and attributes are necessary in order to be well-equipped for working in a rapidly changing health care environment. The subsequent research and developments in teaching and learning were guided by this research and consist of in depth investigations into organisational and time management skills necessary for effective functioning in the workplace. Whilst this research has been published as a sequence of studies, no previous publication has discussed the complete series of studies and the many and varied applications that have resulted. Throughout the chapter, the reader will be referred to more detailed presentations of our research and subsequent applications of the findings.


Cowan's K (Cowan, 2001) is an effective measure of visual working memory capacity and has been widely accepted by working memory researchers in recent years. However, one fundamental assumption of this measure, so called the all-or-none assumption (i.e., an observer either remembers everything or nothing about a visual stimulus), could be over-simplified and thus impose validity boundaries for Cowan's K. Little has been done to examine the potential limitations of the assumption in terms of its impact on Cowan's K. As an attempt to fill this gap in the literature, the present project explored the boundary conditions of Cowan's K through addressing the following questions: 1) whether the all-or-none assumption can survive different types of visual working memory test procedures and 2) whether the all-or-none assumption is still viable with complex visual stimuli. The results suggest that the all-or-none assumption is fairly robust across different test procedures, as long as the visual stimuli are simple and familiar. When complex and novel stimuli were used, however, the all-or-none assumption led to significant discrepancies across different test procedures. In addition, it was found that the validity of the all-or-none assumption could be compromised (when articulatory suppression was imposed during visual presentation of English consonants) or enhanced (when extra time was given during visual presentation of Chinese characters). In conclusion, the all-or-none assumption can be extended to visual working memory test procedures other than the conventional change detection paradigm, provided that features of a visual object can be encoded into an abstract representation in visual working memory. Reasons for the failure of the all-or-none assumption were discussed and a revision of Cowan's K formulation was proposed to account for visual working


In this paper, using Wigner function (WF) method in phase space, we re-investigate micro–macro entanglement of a single-photon entangled state after one-sided amplification and de-amplification proposed by Simon's group, and discuss the effects of the amplification and the loss. For the input–output process, we first build the relation between the input WF and the output WF. Next, the analytical expression of the output WF is derived related to the factors of the amplification and the loss. Finally, based on the above results, using the trace rule we also obtain the exact expressions of the detected probability and concurrence to quantify micro–macro entanglement, and analyze numerically the results. The results show that it is possible to detect micro–macro photon-number entanglement for reasonable values of photon loss.


We present an architecture for compression/decompression of executable files running on embedded systems. Compression is important for memory reduction purposes; previous work on memory reduction for embedded systems has focused on compressing the instruction segment of executable code before execution and decompressing at runtime. Our work has shown that solely compressing the instruction segment is not enough as in many cases executable files contain large data areas that would benefit from compression as well. Compressing data areas presents new challenges to the embedded system designer; data can be modified during execution and therefore a fast compression algorithm and intelligent memory management are required as well. We propose a novel compression/decompression framework that can handle both instructions and data and show memory reductions over 50% while keeping performance degradation within 12%.


To improve the performance of decentralized PID controllers, a tuning method was proposed based on ultimate points calculation. First, Nyquist stability analysis and diagonal dominance were used to develop the equations describing the envelope of Gershgorin discs for diagonal elements in multivariable systems. The ultimate frequency and ultimate gain can be obtained from the intersections of the envelope of the Gershgorin discs and the negative part of the real axis. Thus, simple and decentralized PID controllers can be designed for multivariable systems using modified Z-N MZN formula or Tyreus-Luyben T-L formula. Simulations illustrate that the proposed system has smaller overshoots and better cross-coupling rejection, and also good performance robustness.


The influence of glucose supplementation on growth rate differences between sexes of in vitro produced preimplantation buffalo embryos was assessed by culturing presumptive zygotes in vitro with glucose supplemented (0.5mM) and glucose free synthetic oviduct fluid (SOF) medium. Of the 220 presumptive zygotes cultured in SOF medium plus glucose 48 cleaved of which, 29 were males and 19 females with a sex ratio of 1.5:1. Of the 221 presumptive zygotes cultured in SOF medium minus glucose 49 cleaved of which, 25 were males and 24 females with a sex ratio of 1:1. In conclusion, though the supplementation of glucose resulted in an increase in number of males (29 vs. 25) this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.87) indicating that it might be difficult to use this metabolic parameter as a sole criteria for sex selection of buffalo embryos.


The use of technology in creating Teaching Aids (TA) for the Teaching and Learning (TL) process has a great impact on delivering knowledge and skills as well as expediting the learning process amongst students. Additionally, game-based TA plays an important role in improving the achievement and efficiency of students in the classroom. This research was conducted to develop the education kit for TL Resistor Color Code (RCC). The main purpose of this education kit development is to help students understand the RCC through a fun learning environment based on hands-on learning activity. This education kit known as Resistor Value Checker (RVC) kit is built on the concept of 21st Century Learning (21-CL) which concerns about the use of appropriate technology in the process of the TL in the classroom. It is designed with the latest facilities and different from existing products in the market.


A without mounted around the monitor screen any physical marks and adding apparatus, it provides the applicable pointing device to any monitor. A pointing device, a mark output unit for outputting mark (mk) on the monitor screen (mo), a camera (ca) for imaging the mark (mk), the image captured by the camera (ca) recognizing a mark by the image processing, it is one that is configured to include an image processing unit for calculating the pointing coordinates, and unlike existing pointing device, may be used in any type of monitor, without attachment to monitor a separate physical marks and tracking device, and outputs a mark on the monitor screen, it is possible to pointing operations. .FIELD 1


The clinic of alcoholism that developed in 69 patients against the background of long-term consequences of neuroinfection was studied. It has been established that the formation and course of such alcoholism occur at an accelerated rate, and the organic brain disease itself tends to progress.


In this paper, the aerodynamic characteristics of a vehicle model are analyzed through numerical simulation considering the fluid–structure interaction (FSI) effect, and the accuracy of the simulation method is verified by comparison with the wind tunnel experiment. Then, the wind-induced vibration of vehicles under time-varying crosswind is studied and applied to engineering problems, such as vehicle sideslip and roll. The results show that the deviation between the FSI simulation and wind tunnel test is less than 10%, proving that the numerical method is feasible. The FSI effect on the aerodynamic lift is obvious, and its influence mechanism is mainly due to the change in body position, which changes the topological structure of the shedding or separated vortex in the flow field. As for the aerodynamic lift, a big gap exists between the results of the numerical simulations with and without coupling; high-intensity side wind will seriously affect the vehicle stability, and the uncoupled numerical simulation decreases the accuracy of the vehicle design.


The Republic of Korea has played a leading role in the development of next-generation long-term evolution (LTE) public safety networks. The LTE-based public safety (PS-LTE) network, the LTE-based high-speed railway (LTE-R) network, and the LTE-based maritime (LTE-M) network use the same 700 MHz frequency band. That results in severe co-channel interference (CCI), so there is a dire need for practical research into resolving the CCI issue. Moreover, unplanned deployment of the mobile personal cell (mPC) generates serious user-association issues owing to its movement, which leads to severe co-channel interference in coexisting PS-LTE and LTE-R networks. Indeed, it is important to satisfy users' quality of service (QoS) requirements during resource allocation in specific public safety situations. Therefore, we address the CCI issues through wise deployment of the mPC for user association and load balancing in overlapping PS-LTE and LTE-R networks. In this paper, we propose a QoS mPC deployment (QoS_mPCD) scheme for priority-based load balancing and interference reduction in coexisting PS-LTE and LTE-R networks. The proposed scheme efficiently manages the user-association and load-balancing problems, and allocates the best resources to high-priority users based on defined service priority levels. Moreover, we employ an enhanced inter-cell interference coordination (eICIC) scheme that further reduces the interference with the users offloaded onto an mPC. System-level simulations are performed to evaluate the proposed QoS_mPCD scheme by considering important performance matrices such as user equipment (UE) throughput, UE received interference, and UE outage probabilities.


Highlights Selenium acts in the development, growth and maintenance of fish homeostasis. Selenium levels did not affect performance variables of post-larvae Nile tilapia. Selenium plays a key role in protecting cell membranes from oxidative damage. Abstract Fish larviculture exert great influence in the subsequent phases, in which nutrition is a basic prerequisite for success. Therefore, when it is in an intensified production system, it promotes the limitation of some minerals, making it necessary to supplement selenium in diets for post-larvae. The objective of this study was to evaluate selenium levels and sources in post-larvae Nile tilapia diets on muscle performance and histology. A total of 1,260 post-larvae with an initial average weight of 0.010 g were used, distributed in a completely randomized design in a factorial scheme with four supplementation levels (0.6; 0.9; 1.2 and 1.5 mg of Se/Kg) and two sources (sodium selenite and selenium yeast), plus the negative control, with 35 post-larvae Nile tilapia used per experimental unit. The physical-chemical parameters of water quality were within those recommended for tilapia cultivation. Feed consumption (p < 0.05) and hepatosomatic index (p < 0.05) were affected by the source used. Effects of supplemented selenium levels and sources were not observed for the other performance variables. Higher values for final height, final width, specific development rate and protein efficiency rate were found (p < 0.05) when comparing the control diet with diets containing the sodium selenite source. No effects on muscle fiber morphometry were observed (p > 0.05) in the studied variables. It is concluded that 0.6 mg of selenium in the diet, regardless of the source used, met the mineral requirement for post-larvae Nile tilapia. recomendado para tilápias. O consumo de ração (p < 0001) e índice hepatossomático (p < 0,05), foram afetados pela fonte utilizada. Para as demais variáveis de desempenho, não foram observados efeitos dos níveis e das fontes de selênio suplementadas. Quando comparada dieta controle as dietas contendo a fonte selenito de sódio verificou-se (p < 0,05) maiores altura final, largura final, taxa de desenvolvimento especifico e taxa de eficiência proteica. Não foram evidenciados (p > 0,05) efeitos sobre morfometria das fibras musculares nas variáveis estudadas. Conclui-se que 0,6mg de selênio na dieta, independente da fonte utilizada atendeu a necessidade do mineral para pós-larvas de tilápia do Nilo .


Taking 316L stainless steel wires, 0.3 mm in diameter, and ZL101 as reactive sources, the various composite was fabricated by die casting and heat treatment technologies. The composite was analyzed by SEM, microhardness tester and friction and wear tester. The results show that, after heated treatment, the strip-shape metallic compounds present as radial distribution which are formed between the reinforcement of 316L stainless steel wires and ZL101 matrix inside the die-casting state composite. The microhardness of metallic compound is 459HV0.1 and 3 times higher than that of matrix(123HV0.1).Under the conditions of dry sliding wear and 10 N loads, the wear rate of the composite after heat treatment process of 525℃+1.5h is 4 times higher than that of die-casting state composite.


Within the Life INSU–SHELL project (Environmentally Friendly Facade Elements made of thermal insulated Textile Reinforced Concrete) RWTH Aachen University together with industrial partners developed and implemented an innovative and eco friendly modular system for sandwich facades. The thin–walled, light–weight sandwich structure combines Textile Reinforced Concrete (TRC) and a PUR–rigid–foam–insulation. With the use of TRC a large quantity of concrete material and therefore CO2–output can be avoided. The lower amount of concrete used in the new elements results in a reduction of CO2–output of about 70% in comparison to a similar element of ferroconcrete. The lower weight saves energy and fuel. Moreover it reduces the pollutant emission in transport and application. The employment of the innovative elements at the new INNOTEX building (ITA: Institut fuer Textiltechnik of RWTH Aachen University) with a facade size of about 590 m2 saved large quantities of CO2–output in comparison to conventional building t...


New words bring more challenges into Chinese word segmentation. This paper presents a SVM-based hybrid pattern for new word discovery, trying to integrate the advantages of the statistics-based method and the rule-based method to improve the performance of the new word discovery. In the statistics module, new words discovery is defined as a binary classification problem, in which we considered the previous new word features and proposed context information and affix information as new features, as well as constraints, which reveal the relationships among the new word candidates. Finally, some rules are introduced aimed to improve the performance. In the experiment, some new words are simulated by revising the dictionary of a Natural Language Processing (NLP) system. The results show that these features and constraints are useful for new word discovery, and the F-measure is 64.62% which is 7% higher than the baseline.


Women experience various forms of sexual harassment that potentially occur at home, office, and public spaces. This study aims to describe sexual harassment for working women in Makassar. This study involved ten adult women who had ben sexually harassed verbally and physically by their superiors and coworkers. The design of this research is phonology that aims to understand one's life experiences, how an event has an impact on his daily life. Data is collected by conducting depth interviews with the subject and several significant people to fulfill the required information. This study finds that after experiencing sexual harassment, the subjects are afflicted to stress that caused by the position of the perpetrator in the workplace, the frequency of sexual harassment, the intensity of the subject meeting with the perpetrator, the number of perpetrators, the behavior that appears after the incident, and the negative feelings that arise due to sexual harassment.


Contents Abbreviations vii Introduction 1 1 Revolutionary Relics 13 2 Representing Authority: New Forms of Official Identity 59 3 Cockades: Badge Culture and its Discontents 97 4 Liberty Caps: From Roman Emblem to Radical Headgear 135 5 Sans-culottes: The Formation, Currency, and Representation of a Vestimentary Stereotype 187 6 Mistaken Identities: Disguise, Surveillance, and the Legibility of Appearances 229 Coda 259 Bibliography 275 Index 311


Certainly it is fitting that the thrust of our efforts be directed toward the youth who will inherit this rapidly changing techological world. But what of those who have already finished their initial formal education? What of the working adults in the community, who in many cases are parents of children who are now relatively comfortable with computers and high technology--those same children who are the primary targets of STS-related curriculum reform? By failing to address the educational needs of these adults with the same intensity with which we aim to enlighten their children, are we not, in fact, creating a more pronounced generation gap? And are we not, by this omission, neglecting precisely those people who both could benefit most immediately from planned, organized STS-related education?


We propose a new conceptualization of work team climate. According to it, work team climate refers to the pattern of employees�
perceptions of their team. From this conceptualization, team climate is a configurational property, where dispersion dimensions have
an important role to play. We review empirical research on the antecedents and consequences of within-team dispersion in climate
perceptions. Finally, we draw a number of practical implications stemming from the proposed conceptualization and the reviewed research
outcomes.


After the Liberation, Soviet films returned to French cinema screens. Until 1947, Soviet cinema seemed to be more visible than ever in France: Soviet films could been seen through commercial networks and through non-commercial circuits. Given this, is it possible to consider that a Soviet cinematographic offensive occurred in France during the postwar years? If Soviet cinematographic ambitions were real, motived by ideological reasons, to what extent were they achieved? This article tries to analyse why and how Soviet cinema was broadcasted in France, in order to evaluate the scale and impact of Soviet cinema during the postwar years.


Ictal bradycardia/asystole is a poorly recognised cause of collapse late in the course of a typical complex partial seizure. Its recognition is important as it might potentially lead to sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). We present five patients with intractable complex partial seizures who had associated ictal bradycardia/asystole. All the patients underwent cardiac pacing to potentially prevent SUDEP. It is important to recognise and treat ictal asystole early, and to achieve this there is need for both an increase in epilepsy monitoring beds and a recognition of the potential role of implantable loop recorders in the evaluation of patients with epilepsy who clinically appear to be at increased risk for ictal asystole.


On-time machine maintenance and upkeep are critical to ensure on-time production. In recent years, Condition-Based Monitoring (CBM) has been regarded as one of the most state-of- the-art machine maintenance techniques that can significantly lower unscheduled maintenance cost and provide greater efficiency. This however means that more data needs to be streamed and stored for CBM to work properly, which might prove costly in the long run in terms of data storage. This paper therefore focuses on the feasibility of using Sparse Coding as a method for signal compression for CBM purposes. Specifically, the feasibility of the method will be measured for vibration signals coming from the spindle component of machines.


abandoning its real but limited virtues, is right and is a central task of social science. But I do not believe his method will do the job. Its failures all stem from the same source: his lack of a reasonably coherent view of the individual human being. One must start, as did the long line of philosopher-poets from, say, Plato to Freud, by accepting that man (and woman) is a complex, contentious household. In Plato's state within us there is "spirit" (the aggressive side of man), "appetite" (on which neoclassical economics builds), and "reason" (from which conforming social behavior derives and Aristotle's dictum that man is a social animal). These categories roughly conform to Freud's id, ego, and superego. These insightful tripartite breakdowns are insufficient. They do not fully account, for example, for man's spirituality or creativity or inquisitiveness—for Christianity or the Renaissance or the Scientific Revolution, or the language of the Declaration of Independence—all of which are highly relevant to the stories North tries to tell. In a good many studies I have wrestled with the analytic and historical problems that North confronts, notably, in my Politics and the Stages of Growth and How It All Began (to which North does not refer). I know something of their complexity and am, therefore, not inclined to be excessively critical. North has accepted the discipline of a tough challenge that few are prepared to take on. I am confident, however, that the most useful framework is not neoclassical economics, modified incrementally to embrace the problems with which it cannot cope, but hypotheses that lead directly from the nature of man by one route to the state and politics, by another, to the economy, but remembering always that in his roles as political and economic man (and in other roles) the whole complex human household is always present and pure behavior is, therefore, unlikely. One of Keynes's wisest and most ignored dicta should be often recalled: "If human nature felt no temptation to take a chance, no satisfaction (profit apart) in constructing a factory, a railway, a mine or a farm, there might not be much investment merely as a result of cold calculation (General Theory, 150). Put another way, North is striving towards a general social science by the method of the pre-Copernican astronomers; i.e., by adding spheres to the Ptolemaic (neoclassical) system to account for the observed phenomena it did not explain. Like Copernicus, I believe we shall have to shift our base radically to handle usefully the grand problems with which this book is concerned.


In order to investigate the problems related to soil and construction machinery, such as a hydraulic excavator, an understanding of the physical interactions between the soil and the machine is essential. The purpose of this study is to experimentally examine actual excavation processes by observing various physical parameters, with the aim of realizing intelligent excavation machinery whose performance is not only to be automated but also optimized in terms of specific task criteria such as, energy consumption, operation time and excavation trajectory. In this article, we present experimental results using a real-sized bucket which is equipped with various sensing devices such as two-axis load cells and three dimensional stress cells. In accordance with the model bucket experiments reported in the previous study, two soil types were used, that is, sand and loam. Variations of the excavation forces/torques and stress distributions were measured during excavation.


Strategic Design, when seen as a metaprojectual methodological approach, continuously expands its meaning effects, creating projects that intervene in systems for sociocultural transformation. It carries an open vision of design, permeated by the reflexive dominion (BENTZ, 2014), which welcomes the arbitrary character and the multiplicity of interactions, uncertainties, indeterminations and random phenomena (MORIN, 2015).  Such intervention allows the creation of scenarios as a process guided by the imagination of other possible realities and contemplate the systems in the perspective of their openness. In this sense, the epistemological vision that integrates open systems, as well as the perspective of Strategic Design, joins the Transdisciplinarity method to discuss the elaboration of scenarios from the different reality levels. Guided by an abductive reasoning this method considers the existence of an invariable set of systems under the action of several General Laws, which constitutes more than one reality, without necessarily having a discontinuity separating them (NICOLESCU, 1999). Called the Principle of the Included Third, this conception permeated by the interdependence of simultaneous realities, leads to the elaboration of prismatic scenarios by their spectral character,  and brings light to different but complementary perspectives, as well as the colors reflected in optical dispersive prisms.


Introduction:  Dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma (OSA) excrete higher concentrations of urine cross-linked N-telopeptide of type I collagen (NTx) than normal dogs. NTx is a specific biochemical marker of osteoclastic activity. Pamidronate is a bone-modulating agent that exerts potent inhibitory effects on osteoclasts. The use of pamidronate is currently being evaluated for the management of osteolytic bone pain in dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma. Despite pamidronate's increasing usage in veterinary oncology, optimal dosing has yet to be determined. Commonly utilized dosages range from 1–2 mg/kg, given intravenously (IV) as a 2-hour constant rate infusion every 28 days. The purpose of this prospective study was to compare the biological activity of two pamidronate doses (1 mg/kg vs. 2 mg/kg) in the suppression of urine NTx excretion in normal dogs and dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma.

Methods:  Seventeen OSA dogs receiving single-agent pamidronate as palliative therapy were evaluated. Group 1A (n = 10) received a dose of 1 mg/kg and group 2A (n = 7) received a dose of 2 mg/kg IV. Urine NTx level were measured at day 0 and 28 using a commercial ELISA (Ostex International). Urine NTx level were also measured in 6 normal dogs: Group 1B (n = 3) received a dose of 1 mg/kg and group 2B (n = 3) received a dose of 2 mg/kg. In normal dogs, urine NTx levels were recorded weekly for six consecutive weeks.

Results:  In dogs with osteosarcoma, greater reductions in urine NTx excretion from baseline values were demonstrated at 2 mg/kg versus 1 mg/kg (57% and 23%, respectively). Likewise, in normal dogs, urine NTx excretion was suppressed to a greater extent with a dosage of 2 mg/kg versus 1 mg/kg (69% and 23%, respectively).

Conclusion:  Pamidronate possesses biologic activity in both normal dogs and in dogs with osteosarcoma, as assessed by reductions in urine NTx excretion. Based upon reductions in urine NTx excretion, a dosage of 2 mg/kg appears more effective than 1 mg/kg.


Aiming at ion plating characteristic,design a N2/Ar flux control system.This paper puts forward uniting PID extemal control and changed ratio adjustor to improve the adaption and the rubust of the system,then develops its character.


Covers all aspects of seamanship and boathandling, including such topics as the hydrodynamics of sailing, hull stability, basic instruments, heavy weather sailing, and man-overboard recovery.


The intent of this paper is to expound imitation hypothesis from the standpoint of intermediary.Based on the understanding of intermediary and imitation,this paper discusses the influence of intermediary and its specific forms on the process of imitation from both the subjective and objective point of view,which means differentiate and analyses imitation through linguistic notation,human beings' subjective,objective reality specifically,therefore develop and comprehended imitation hypothesis differently.


We discuss how to use correlations between different physical observables to improve recently obtained thermodynamics bounds, notably the fluctuation-response inequality (FRI) and the thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR). We show that increasing the number of measured observables will always produce a tighter bound. This tighter bound becomes particularly useful if one of the observables is a conserved quantity, whose expectation is invariant under a given perturbation of the system. For the case of the TUR, we show that this applies to any function of the state of the system. The resulting correlation-TUR takes into account the correlations between a current and a non-current observable, thereby tightening the TUR. We demonstrate our finding on a model of the F1-ATPase molecular motor, a Markov jump model consisting of two rings and transport through a two-dimensional channel. We find that the correlation-TUR is significantly tighter than the TUR and can be close to an equality even far from equilibrium.


The to the provincial, city power grid enterprises as the object, to the relevant national standard management, technical specification, software industry standard as the basis, large database, J2EE and other technologies, for the user to provide the reliable system environment, the powerful system function analysis. After the system is put into use, it can greatly improve the working efficiency of economic analysis staff, provide the decision makers with the operation data of enterprise operation, and provide powerful help for enterprise scientific management decision.


Studying The Selected Works of Jiang Zemin is the comprehensive implementation of the Theory of Scienctific Development and fulfills the important theory "The Three Represents".We must pay great attention to the method in the study,enhance the study efficiency,thus further advance the school(party's) construction and the education.


Background:Ghrelin, an endogenous ligand for the growthsecretagogue receptor is predominantly produced in the stomach and anexpression of ghrelin has recently been identified in placenta and ovary. OBJECTIVES: Therefore, we decited to measure ovarian ghrelin as quantitative andevaluate the correlation between ghrelin and estrogen during second half ofovine pregnancy. METHODS: The ovarian samples were collected from 40pregnant sheep in 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5 and 5 months of pregnancy in a local abattoir.Follicles and active corpora lutea (CL) were dissected from surroundingtissues, separately. The samples were homogenized with phosphate buffer (0.1 M,pH=7.4) on liquid nitrogen to provide fluid samples. Ghrelin and estrogenconcentrations were measured by ELISA method and expressed as milligram (mg)and picogram (pg) per mg of tissue protein, respectively. RESULTS:There was a linear correlation between ghrelin and estrogen in ovarian follicles(r=0.97 and p=0.004), but not in CL. Follicular ghrelin significantly increasedin 4, 4.5 and 5 months (p<0.001) but CL ghrelin significantly decreased inthe 4.5 month of ovine pregnancy (p<0.01). Estrogen concentration was alsosignificantly higher in 4-5 months of pregnancy in ovarian follicles(p<0.001) but potent CL indicated higher estrogen level only in the 5thmonth of pregnancy (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS:These results emphasize the role of ghrelin inthe reproductive system and open a new window to future studies


Work with primary cells is inherently limited by source availability and life span in culture. Flow cytometry offers extensive analytical opportunities but generally requires high cell numbers for an experiment.


Orexin A is a multifaceted peptide produced in hypothalamus. We examined the effect of orexin A on vascular endothelial cells. Our study showed that orexin A had a profound inhibitory effect against endothelial inflammation by oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (ox‐LDL) in endothelial cells. Orexin A partially suppressed ox‐LDL‐induced monocytes THP‐1 cells attachment to endothelial cells by limiting expression of vascular molecules including VCAM‐1, ICAM‐1, and E‐selectin. Mechanistically, orexin A ameliorated endothelial dysfunction by reducing MAP kinase p38 and NF‐κB activation via its receptor‐OX1R. Orexin A suppressed phosphorylation of MAP kinase p38 and the NF‐κB cascade kinases IKKα and IκBα, and prevented the shuttle of p65 protein into nuclear. Additionally, we reported that OX1R was expressed in HUVECs. Silence of OX1R completely abolished the inhibitory function of orexin in attachment of THP‐1 cells. Collectively, our data suggest that orexin A ameliorated endothelial dysfunction under inflammatory stimuli. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 70(10):961–968, 2018


The aim of this study is to understand chemical and metallurgical mechanisms that occur in front side metallisation during heat treatments. Desoxidation of the paste, during firing, leads to the formation of a crystalline system in the upper part of the metallisation. At interface, the authors observe the creation of a new glass thanks to highly reactive titanium. EDS analysis shows that titanium migrates to the paste whereas metallic elements of the glass diffuse, by convection, close to crystalline silicon. This firing allows contact adherence to the cell but it needs an annealing to induce metallic elements diffusion in crystal. This step should be done under reducing gas for oxides dissociation. Contact ohmicity is not realized by the active metal but by metallic elements coming from glass oxides.


Harmful algae blooms (HABs) are projected to grow in frequency and distribution in coming years. As membrane desalination activity expands worldwide, coastal facilities will become increasingly susceptible to damage or shutdown during HAB events. Therefore, understanding the nature of HABs, their challenges, and ways in which they can be monitored, treated, and mitigated will enable engineers and operators to address HAB risks and preserve the integrity of new and existing desalination facilities. The purpose of this paper is twofold: 1) to present an overview of HABs, including their typical characteristics, factors which lead to their development, and broad impacts of HAB events, and 2) to discuss the specific risks associated with each treatment barrier within membrane desalination facilities. As an algae cell travels through a desalination facility, it will encounter multiple barriers to ensure that it and any toxin it produces are prevented from entering the treated water supply. Barriers include the intake, media filtration systems, dissolved air flotation systems, membrane filtration equipment and seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO). Each component has different strengths and shortcomings in addressing cellular material and toxins. While each barrier offers advantages to manage the change in water quality that accompanies HABs, engineers and operators must also consider technical, economic, and other tradeoffs in order to properly plan and manage HAB events when they occur. As these technologies continue to improve, engineers and operators will have the ability to respond to HAB events and design new desalination facilities more efficiently in the future.


The observed temperature singularities of electron light scattering (ELS) spectra for Tl{sub 2}Ba{sub 2}CaCu{sub 2}O{sub 8}, measured in different crystallographic directions and for different light polarizations, are interpreted as manifestations of strong anisotropy of the superconducting gap (2{Delta}{sub min}{lt}50 cm{sup {minus}1}, 2{Delta}{sub max}{approx}300 cm{sup {minus}1}).


In the present work the enhancement effect on the atomic absorption sensitivity of gallium and the removal effect on the chloride interference in the determination of gallium by the addition of the mixture of metal nitrates and ammonium salt of EDTA have been investigated


The ratio of early diastolic inflow to early diastolic strain rate, E/e'sr, is a novel echocardiographic measure, which has been shown to correlate better with left ventricular (LV) filling pressures than the conventionally used measure, E/e' (1). Additionally, E/e'sr has demonstrated prognostic value in various patient populations (2). Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) suffer frequently of diastolic dysfunction and elevated filling pressures (3). We wanted to investigate, how E/e'sr associates with two central measures of kidney function: estimated glomerular filtration rate, eGFR, and urine albumin creatinine ratio, UACR.

 We enrolled a cohort of 825 ambulatory patients with CKD at the Departments of Nephrology of two university hospitals. Participants were examined with echocardiography including tissue doppler imaging. Two-dimensional speckle strain analysis was performed in all three apical standard projections. LV mass index (LVMI), E/e' and global longitudinal strain (GLS) were determined according to guidelines (4,5). Global early diastolic strain rate, e'sr, was calculated as the average of all 18 segments and indexed to early transmittal inflow velocity in order to calculate E/e'sr. Multivariable linear regression models were used to investigate associations between e'sr, E/e'sr, E/e' and kidney parameters. Models were adjusted for eGFR, UACR, LV ejection fraction (LVEF), age, sex, ever smoker, diabetes, hypertension, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP), heart rate and body mass index (BMI). We performed sensitivity analysis by excluding patients with known coronary artery disease (CAD) and heart failure (HF).

 Seventy-six patients had no measures of E/e'sr available leaving 749 for analysis. Excluding patients with CAD and/or HF (n=88) left 661 patients. For clinical and echocardiographic variables, see table. Patients with lower e'sr were older, had higher blood pressure and lower LVEF and GLS. E'sr was independently associated with eGFR and decreased 0.014 s–1 (95% CI 0.006 to 0.022, p=0.002) pr. 10 mL/min/1.73 m2 decrement of eGFR. Similarly, E/e'sr increased 1.1% (95% CI 0.2% to 19.2%) pr. 10 mL/min/1.73 m2 decrement of eGFR indicating rise in LV filling pressures. Contrary, E/e' was not independently associated with eGFR (p=0.5). Sensitivity analysis did not change the results significantly. None of the three measures were independently associated with UACR. Cubic restricted splines of e'sr, E/e'sr, E/e' over eGFR (figure) showed a non-linear relationship between E/e'sr and eGFR with accelerated increase at eGFR below 40 ml/min/1.73 m2.

 In patients with CKD, deformation-based e'sr and E/e'sr are independently associated with eGFR, but not with UACR. Repeated measurements and longitudinal follow-up of the cohort will provide information on the prognostic performance of these novel measures compared with conventional measures of LV filling pressure.

 Type of funding sources: Public hospital(s). Main funding source(s): The Capital Region of Denmark


A systematic study based on state-of-the-art first-principles calculations has been carried out to determine intrinsic thermoelectric properties in $n$- and $p$-type SiGe alloys. Both electronic and thermal transport coefficients have been evaluated using the Boltzmann transport equation, applied on the electronic and phonon band structure, respectively. The Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity have been analyzed focusing on the effect of carrier concentration, temperature, and alloy composition. The resulting figure of merit is highest for heavy doping and at elevated temperatures ($g$1000 K) in the SiGe alloy with Ge content from 50% to 80%.


Over the centuries, grammar and its approaches are considered to be important in second and foreign language teaching. Teachers' attitudes towards it are consequently paramount to study as it can influence the way they teach grammar to the students. This research, therefore, attempts to investigate the attitudes of six teachers in Senior High School 1 Salatiga toward grammar and its approaches. The data in this study were collected using likert scale questionnaire and interview method. The analysis of the data showed that all teachers in Senior High School 1 Salatiga regarded grammar as a significant aspect in language teaching. In regard to the manner how grammar is taught, all teachers preferred an integrated approach in which implicit and explicit form-focused instruction are combined. In addition to this, most of the teachers preferred inductive approach rather than deductive approach in explaining grammar rules.


New records of 32 species of insects from Jiangxi Province are reported for the first time, belonging to 16 families of 5 orders. And their geographical distributions are expounded.


In order for adapting the in-depth development of post-oriented education,and improving further the teaching quality of power station major to cultivate the talented personnel of power station with better comprehensive quality for the units,mobile power station's maintenance training system was developed.In the system the real equipment of power station is anatomized,its inside configuration visually set out,frequency conversion and speed adjustment,and configuration control as well as the multi-media techniques syncretized to build up the simulation teaching and training platform that makes teaching,training and servicing incorporated.By practice,it is shown not only the cadets' practicing ability can be enhanced,which attains the expected teaching goal,but also the wastage of equipment reduced to save the teaching cost.


The rotational free energy barrier of methyl 2-(8-quinolyl)-6-oxocyclohex-1-enylacetate (2) about the aryl–cyclohexenone bond is found to be 75.7 kJ mol–1 by dynamic n.m.r. The value is lower than that (95.4 kJ mol–1) for the corresponding 1-naphthyl derivative (1) indicating that the effective bulk of the nitrogen lone pair in quinoline is less than that of a naphthalene hydrogen. A similar study with methyl 2-(1-naphthyl)-5-oxocyclopent-1-enylacetate (4) shows that the energy barrier in this case is lower than 37.0 kJ mol–1.


Graphene grown by CVD on Cu foils has generated interest due to low cost and the prospect of large-area monolayer coverage. The initial nucleation and growth dynamics of graphene play a critical role in determining the final film quality. In this work, we investigate the effects of the electrochemical synthesis onto graphene quality, showing the influence of the Cu-Ru interdiffusion. The growth of good quality graphene layers is also discussed in terms of the role played by grain boundaries and diffusion at the grain boundaries. This comparison shows that the graphene having the best quality is produced using a ruthenium sandwich covering a copper core. This setting avoids contaminations from evaporation and recondensation of copper during thermal cycling due to the CVD process.


This paper studies DFIG power generation characteristics as well as how the control of a DFIG should match the requirement of those characteristics through a computer simulation approach. The paper develops a DFIG steady-state model in d-q reference frame and uses a numerical iteration technique to obtain steady-state characteristics under general d-q control conditions in the stator flux oriented frame. An integrative study is presented for concurrent inspection of multiple DFIG operating data. Transient simulation using SimPowerSystem is developed to validate the effectiveness of steady-state results in a more realistic virtual laboratory environment. Extensive simulation study is performed to explore DFIG characteristics and control integration properties under general d-q control strategies.


Based on metallographic examination,SEM analysis and chemical composition inspection of base material,the morphology of Q345 steel welding crack was analyzed.It can be obtained that higher harmful element P in the base material is the main reason for resulting in the Q345 steel welding crack.In the final solidification position,it forms low melting point eutectic structure.The other reason is that the welding process can not make adjustment when the base metal has poor weldability.


The aim of this paper is to study the relationship between Emissions-GDP functional form and decoupling behaviour in developed and developing countries. With data for the period 1960-2012 for 27 European countries and 18 CELAC nations, this research employs a Box-Cox specification to capture the CO2 emissions-GDP connection, considering, at the same time, the time-series properties of both variables. We find that the Box-Cox functional form describes better the relationship between income and pollution in UE and CELAC countries, but there are differences regarding decoupling behaviour. Many European countries have increased economic activity while decreasing emissions, but that behaviour is not observed among CELAC nations. Except when delinking between CO2 and GDP is strong, this mismatch between functional form and decoupling is explained because the type of decoupling depends on both the slope of the relationship between emissions and GDP and on the level of both indicators.


Abstract This work presents a study on the capacity of oil shale ash to remove sulphur dioxide from air streams before escaping into the atmosphere. Slurries of different concentrations of this ash showed an uptake capacity of 4 × 10−4 mol SO2/g ash obtained after 250 sec. This value increases with the increase of solution pH, temperature, and ash concentration, and decreases the ash particle size. The process of uptake seems to be coupled with both adsorption of SO3 2− on the surface of metal oxides and reaction with alkali and alkali earth metal hydroxides.


Three studies investigated the role of schemata and stereotypes in generating expectations about the future behavior of group members. Subjects were exposed to behaviors that violated their schema-based expectancies and were asked to make estimates about the probable actions of the individual responsible for the actions (target) or another member of the stereo"ped group. Results showed that subjects often expected (or predicted) these targets to engage in future compensatory behavior Results also suggested that, under conditions of excessive inconsistent, subjects ceased expecting compensatory behavior and based their estimates on their recent observations of the target's behavior. However, subjects continued to expect compensatory behavior from another member of the target's social group. A mechanism for stereotype maintenance that accounts for these findings is proposed. In addition, implications of this analysis for self concept maintenance and social judgments were discussed.


Author gives theoretical treatment to the problem of one-dimensional flow through a porous medium in which heat and mass transfer modify the basic flow. The statistical model used is a generalization of the Adzumi model of a sequence of tubes with different radii and length. The difference lies in the connections assumed. Fluid is assumed to enter or leave each tube through a sort of conceptual manifold, or mixing region, of width assumed equal to twice the tube diameter. The fluid from all channels ending in such a connecting channel is assumed mixed together. From the model the author obtains measures of porosity, mass flux and tortuosity. Mass flux expressions lead to Darcy's law for isothermal, incompressible flow of liquids or gases, and to a generalized formula for nonisothermal flow. The tortuosity parameter as defined is related to the longitudinal convective, or mechnical, mixing.


This paper discusses the derivation of soil strength from the vane shear test, examining factors such as rotation rate and waiting time that may influence the observed result. In addition, several different vane geometries (differing height/diameter ratios) have been tested to examine the effect of aspect ratio on the observed vane shear strength. Results from vane shear tests are compared with those obtained from other in situ tests, in particular T-bar penetration tests. A new form of 'helical' vane test Is discussed, In which the standard vane apparatus is continuously rotated during penetration into the soil sample, resulting in a complete profile of soil strength. In the discussion, profiles of soil strength determined with varying penetration and rotation rate are compared with strength measurements obtained from more traditional in situ test methods.


The direct product of several copies of a representation decomposes into a direct sum of components each with a definite permutation symmetry. The decomposition of any of the components into a direct sum of irreducible representations is the computation of a plethysm. The decomposition is often simply effected when the dimension and its analogs, the second and fourth indices of the plethysm, are known. The paper contains formulas for second and fourth indices of many specific plethysms as well as a prescription for the general plethysm. The same formula is valid for the plethysm based on any finite representation of any semisimple Lie algebra. Applications are illustrated by decomposition of all plethysms of degree 3 based on the E8 representation of dimension 3875; all fourth‐degree E8‐scalars are enumerated.


The article considers the trends in the revival of the cultural landscape of Ulytau. Documents on historical objects are analyzed at the level of political decision-making and conceptual tasks to restore the significance of Ulytau, one of the most "hidden" regions of the Soviet period. It is considered how the symbolic content of historical objects located in the Ulytau region is being updated, and how these objects are being reconstructed into the large complexes of tourism content. From the first years of independence, the revitalization process of the region began with the First Kurultay that united Kazakhs all over the world in 1992 and continued until the celebration of the 750th anniversary of the Golden Horde. An inventory place of the historical and cultural significance of Ulytau was carried out within the framework of strategic programs conducted by the state including the special project "The Sacred Geography of Kazakhstan" within the framework of "Rukhani Zhangyru". On the one hand, Ulytau is considered the shanyrak of the Kazakh Khanate, a symbol of statehood, identity, and unity; on the other hand, it is a region with a high concentration of sacred objects and a high potential for ethnographic tourism. The author examines the symbolism of the Ulytau landscape by means of three different semantic positions: the first, Ulytau is the beginning of statehood, a symbol of identity; the second, it is considered as an open-air museum; the third, as a tourist center and analyses its cultural potential. The article has been developed on available information published in open Internet sources, archival documents, and scientific works published as a part of the special project "The Sacred Geography of Kazakhstan", and empirical data taken on the bases of expert in-depth interviews.


The paper has built new input-output table of 30 industries contained pork by splitting and merging input-output table of 135 departments in Guangdong province.We have improved price impact model based on input-output model.The study showed that when pork rose 50%,four departments would be affected in the 30 departments and food department was mainly affected,other food rose 2.02%,chicken and other livestock prices rose 1.30%.In the case of pork and other departments were up 50%,vegetables and pork spread jointly to 12 departments which accounted for 40% in 30 departments.These studies provide a new reference to in-depth understanding of the internal mechanism of price fluctuations in consumer goods.


Historically, nurse-doctor relationship evolved as a hierarchical
healthcare system which promoted stereotypical attitudes towards
each other and can be explained by the social identity theory which
illustrates inter-group discrimination. Stereotyped attitudes can prevent
effective inter-professional collaboration and teamwork that began at
undergraduate level [1]. IPE has been developed during recent decades
with the initial aim to reduce the flaws of the health care service and
enhance the collaboration of health and social care professionals [2].


This paper proposes a separation method of a transmission delay and data packet dropouts from a lumped input delay in the stability problem of a networked control system, where both the transmission delay and the data packet dropouts are involved. By modeling data packet dropouts as sampling processes and the transmission delay as a state delay, the networked control system is represented as a sampled‐data system with aperiodic sampling and a state delay. In order to separate the state delay and the sampling, the sampled‐data system is transformed into a new system with an integral operator, where the sampling is embedded into the integral operator. By investigating the integral operator's gain and passivity, a novel Lyapunov functional is constructed to address the stability problem. The obtained stability results are dependent on both the data packet dropouts and the time delay. A numerical example is provided to demonstrate that the stability results are less conservative than some existing ones. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


In order to understand cell-cell interactions involved in xylem differentiation, we studied intercellular molecules in an in vitro Zinnia xylogenic culture system, where single mesophyll cells transdifferentiate into tracheary elements (TEs) and xylem parenchyma cells. We found that UV-absorbing substances accumulated predominantly in xylogenesis-inducing medium and kept increasing even after the TEs died. This accumulation was inhibited by L-α-aminooxy-β-phenylpropionic acid (AOPP), an inhibitor of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, and also by brefeldin A, an inhibitor of vesicle transport. These results indicated that living non-TE cells, probably xylem parenchyma cells, secrete some kinds of phenylpropanoids via a vesicle transport system. Further experiment showed that inhibition of brassinosteroid biosynthesis by uniconazole suppressed TE differentiation, but not the secretion of UV-absorbing substances into the medium, implying that differentiation of xylem parenchyma cells might not be strongly affected by the depletion of endogenous brassinosteroids.


Since one of the characteristics of Industrial Analysis Technology was strong theoretical,good teaching effect always can't be achieved from traditional teaching methods.Case-based teaching method,applied to the course and reform and exploration of teaching methods,was carried out to improve teaching effect and student's learning motivation,and make better application of knowledge to scientific research and exploration.


Summary form only given.Four-wave mixing techniques are of great interest as a mechanism for wavelength conversion applications in multiple wavelength telecommunications systems. Angled-distributed feedback (/spl alpha/-DFB) lasers are ideal device structures for frequency conversion via intracavity four-wave mixing. Lateral grating confinement in the broad area multimode waveguide results in stable single longitudinal and transverse modes. Narrow frequency bandwidths of less than 10 MHz can be obtained in a fundamental spatial mode with output powers on the order of 1 watt from a 300 micron aperture device. Using the correspondingly intense intracavity laser beams to pump the four-wave mixing (FWM) process, all that is needed is an external probe beam to be injected into the cavity for efficient frequency conversion. A probe beam at frequency /spl omega//sub /spl mu// injected into the laser cavity with intracavity beams at /spl omega//sub /spl mu// will generate a conjugate beam at 2/spl omega//sub 2/-/spl omega//sub 1/. In this case, the nonlinear susceptibility involved in the FWM process is strongly enhanced by the optical gain and the cavity feedback.


Oral presentation given at the 61th Annual Meeting of the Clay Science Society of Japan, held on September 25-27th, 2017.


This thesis describes a comparative study of uncertainty estimation for unknown function using sequential perturbation method with Artificial Neural Network (ANN) approximated function. The objective of this project is to propose a new technique in calculating uncertainty estimation for an unknown function which is data obtains from experimental or measurement. For this research of the uncertainty analysis can be applied to calculate uncertainty value for the experiment data that not have function. The process to determine uncertainty have six step including begin from selected experiment function, generate the experiment data, function approximation using ANN, calculate the uncertainty for analytical method manually, applied the sequential perturbation method with ANN and lastly determine percent error between sequential perturbation method with ANN compare with the analytical method. Meanwhile, the variation of uncertainty error for Sequential Perturbation method without ANN is 0.0510%, but the error of sequential perturbation method with The ANN is 0.1559%. Then compare the value of Sequential Perturbation (numerical) method with ANN and value of Analytical method to validate the data. The new technique will be approving to determine the uncertainty analysis using combination of Sequential Perturbation method with artificial neural network (ANN). Any experiment also can be use, the applications of Sequential Perturbation method with ANN propose in this study. Consequently it implies the application of Sequential Perturbation method is a good as the application of the analytical method in order to calculate the propagation of uncertainty.


Abstract Following Temkin's Inequality I take my point of departure in an individualistic approach according to which a situation is bad in respect of inequality to the extent individuals in it have egalitarian complaints. After having criticised some of Temkin's notions of inequality, I argue that there are two proper egalitarian conceptions, the Equal Share Conception and the Place Conception. The first concerns how much welfare an individual can claim to have in order to have what she should have in virtue of equality. The second concerns an individual's egalitarian complaint in so far as it depends on her place in a situation's distribution of welfare. I argue that the first conception can be employed in a defence of Telic Egalitarianism against Derek Parfit's Levelling Down Objection and that the second one can explain why this objection may seem so convincing. I also argue that Telic Egalitarianism, understood according to the first conception, in one respect is preferable to Parfit's Priority View.


MEMS-based Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducer (CMUT) technology enables the development of advanced transducer-electronics integrated multi-chip modules (MCM) for medical imaging applications. In this paper, we present the design, fabrication and characterization of a 256-element CMUT spiral array integrated with a 256-channel analog front end (AFE) ASIC featuring highvoltage unipolar pulsers, low-noise amplifiers and a programmable transmit beamformer. The spiral array, designed to perform volumetric beam steering at 7 MHz, is characterized by a density-tapered layout of $220\mu\mathbf{m}$ -wide hexagonal elements distributed over a quasi-circular area of 10 mm diameter. The CMUT and the AFE were co-designed, fabricated and interconnected through an acoustically optimized 3-D packaging method. The resulting MCM was electromechanically and acoustically characterized, demonstrating the potential of the proposed approach for integrated 2-D CMUT array fabrication.


Calculation results for no equilibrium wet steam flow in axisymmetric expanding nozzle. Condensation instability for pure spontaneous condensation (without heterogeneous nucleus) may be observed. Stabilizing influence of growing heterogeneous nucleus concentration on the flow, which caused the change of regime into the stable flow with the rise of pressure, is shown


At present, the resource scheduling and allocation of cloud data center usually adopts the static scheduling method. After the scheduling is completed, the resource allocation will not change for a long time. However, with the expansion and continuous use of cloud data centers, there will be serious resource imbalance. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a cloud data center resource dynamic scheduling algorithm to achieve a balanced load of resources on the computing nodes of the data center. The algorithm monitors the computing resources, selects the physical nodes with large deviation from the average load value according to the monitoring results, and scores them according to the use of virtual resources. According to the scoring results, the appropriate virtual resources are selected for dynamic balancing, so that the load value of the physical node is stable near the average load value. The simulation results show that the algorithm can schedule resources dynamically periodically and realize the load balancing of cloud data center, which is effective and stable.


Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) in the general population and immunosuppressed persons with AIDS in the United States was characterized by three age‐specific incidence peaks near 10, 40, and 70 years. We hypothesized that BL from different geographical areas may exhibit pediatric, adult, and elderly age incidence peaks. We investigated this hypothesis using data on 3,403 cases obtained from the International Agency for Research on Cancer (1963–2002). Data from Africa were sparse or incomplete, and thus were excluded. Age‐standardized rates (ASRs) and age‐specific incidence rates were calculated, supplemented with the calculations performed using age–period–cohort (APC) models. The ASR rose 5.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.0–5.6) per year in males and 4.6% (95% CI, 4.5–4.8) in females. The ASR increased gradually in children, steeply in adults and most rapidly in the elderly both in males and in females. Overall, BL male/female ASR ratio was 2.5, but it declined from 3.1 (95% CI, 3.0–3.3) for pediatric BL to 2.3 (95% CI, 2.2–2.4) for adult BL and 1.5 (95% CI, 1.4–1.6) for elderly BL. Age‐specific incidence peaks occurred near 10 and 70 years in all regions and periods. A peak near 40 years of age emerged in the mid‐1990s, particularly in men. Findings using APC models confirmed those based on the standard analyses. Our findings, based on the international BL cases, support our hypothesis that BL is multimodal and that BL peaks at different ages may be clues to differences in the etiology and/or biology of BL at those ages. Am. J. Hematol. 87:573–578, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


of a Thesis Differential Regulation of the Two grp170 Paralogues of Caenorhabditis elegans Caenorhabditis elegans has two loci encoding the large eukaryotic molecular chaperone Grp170, grp170a (T24H7.2) and grp170b (T14G8.3). To investigate expression of the two C. elegans grp170 loci during ER stress, the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) was induced with the glycosylation inhibitor tunicamycin. Levels of grp170a mRNA did not significantly change in response to tunicamycin treatment while the levels of grp170b mRNA increased 6-fold. ER stress induction of grp170b was unaffected in worms defective for the ATF6 and PERK-1 UPR signal transduction pathways. However, worms defective for the IRE-1 dependent UPR pathway failed to induce grp170b. The expression of grp170 mRNA was analyzed in nematodes homozygous for the grp170a deletion allele tm3109 or for the grp170b deletion allele ok502. Expression of grp170a mRNA was unaffected by the loss of grp170b. In contrast, grp170b was induced 83 fold in nematodes deficient for grp170a. To further investigate whether loss of either grp170 loci induces UPR, the expression of another UPR responsive gene, hsp-4, was analyzed. In nematodes lacking grp170b, expression of hsp-4 mRNA was not affected. However, in nematodes lacking grp170a, the UPR responsive hsp-4 mRNA was up-regulated 38 fold. These data suggest that while grp170a plays a critical role in ER protein folding, it is not itself inducible by the UPR. On the other hand grp170b seems to play a less critical role in protein folding under non-stress conditions, it is the grp170 locus that is induced by the UPR.


Resource-rich economies in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) are pursuing two parallel strategies with regard to their electricity sectors: (i) increasing the role of renewables and integrating them into their power generation mix to mitigate the impact of rising domestic oil and gas demand on their economies and to boost their hydrocarbon export capacities; and (ii) conducting power sector reforms to attract investment in generation capacity and networks, remove subsidies, and improve operational efficiency. These goals imply that the design of power sector reforms (including regulations governing wholesale and retail markets and networks) needs to be carried out with a view to the possibility of a rising share of non-dispatchable resources. The lack of an integrated approach to simultaneously address these two strategies is likely to lead to several misalignments between renewables and the various components of future electricity markets, when the share of intermittent resources increases in the generation mix. The key challenge is that the 'ultimate model' that will reconcile these two goals (liberalization and integrating renewables) is as yet unknown, and is still evolving due to uncertainties around the development of technologies, institutions, and consumer preferences. We argue in this paper that resource-rich MENA countries can, however, move towards adopting a transition model of electricity markets, the individual elements of which can eventually be adapted to suit either centralized or decentralized future electricity sector outcomes. We outline the key components of this model for the wholesale market, retail market, and network regulation, considering the objectives of governments and the specific contexts of the region.


Ozone was co-deposited with ICN and, separately, with BrCN in argon matrixes at ca. 14 K, and the FTIR spectra were measured after each photolysis or warming cycle. The experiments were complemented by the analogous studies of ICN and BrCN separately in oxygen matrixes at ca. 14 K. Photolysis of matrixes containing O3 and ICN led to the formation of bands attributed to an iodoso species, OICN, after only 30 min of irradiation (λ > 650 nm). UV−vis (λ > 350 nm) irradiation resulted in the appearance of bands attributed to iodoisocyanate, INCO. Subsequent Pyrex-filtered (λ > 290 nm) and quartz-filtered (λ > 240 nm) irradiation increased the yield of INCO and led to the formation of bands tentatively attributed to iodocarbonyl isocyanate, IC(O)NCO, and the acyclic dimer of iodoisocyanate, I2NC(O)NCO. Bands attributed to an iodyl species, O2ICN, were also detected. BrCN is clearly much less reactive than ICN with ozone and required several hours of UV irradiation before any new bands were observed; these are a...


This article describes the use of poster preparation and display as an assessment tool and includes feedback from the students and academics concerned. This alternative approach has been used for four years since 2000 for biological science students studying biochemistry. The object of this approach was to get away from traditional teaching evaluation strategies, which promote passive learning and superficial memorization. Creating and presenting posters based on published manuscripts require students to understand, critically analyze, and disseminate the data, thereby promoting the understanding and retention of the material presented.


Dirac semimetal is an emerging class of quantum matters, ranging from 2D category, such as, graphene and surface states of topological insulator to 3D category, for instance, Cd3As2 and Na3Bi. As 3D Dirac semimetals typically possess Fermi‐arc surface states, the 2D–3D Dirac van der Waals heterostructures should be promising for future electronics. Here, graphene–Cd3As2 heterostructures are fabricated through direct layer‐by‐layer stacking. The electronic coupling results in a notable interlayer charge transfer, which enables us to modulate the Fermi level of graphene through Cd3As2. A planar graphene p–n–p junction is achieved by selective modification, which demonstrates quantized conductance plateaus. Moreover, compared with the bare graphene device, the graphene–Cd3As2 hybrid device presents large nonlocal signals near the Dirac point due to the charge transfer from the spin‐polarized surface states in the adjacent Cd3As2. The results enrich the family of van der Waals heterostructure and should inspire more studies on the application of Dirac/Weyl semimetals in spintronics.


Aim. To study the frequency of detection of hyperuricemia (HU) in patients with high and very high cardiovascular risk and the frequency of prescribing drugs that lower serum uric acid (sUA) levels in real clinical practice.Material and methods: The general information of the study was based on the data of 2457 patients who were consistently included in the «PROFILE» registry until November 30, 2020: 1250 men (50.9%) and 1207 (49.1%) women. All patients with HU were selected (UA level ≥360 pmol/l in women, ≥420 pmol/l in men). At the stage of inclusion of the patient, data on MC indicators were available in 1777 (72.3%), upon re-examination - only 262 (33.2%) out of 790 patients who returned to the appointment.Results: The most common study of the level of sUA was performed in patients with gout (65.2%), with arterial hypertension (AH) and dyslipemia in 29.1% of cases, with diabetes mellitus (DM) - 30.1%, with impaired tolerance to glucose (IGT) - 40.2%, with other diseases, the proportion of patients with a known UA was even less. A positive relationship was found between the presence of AH and IGT with the frequency of UA control (p<0.001). In patients with AH, an increase in the level of sUA was detected significantly more often than in patients without AH (p<0.001), and less frequently in patients with DM and IGT (p<0.001 and p<0.01, respectively). The frequency of allopurinol prescribing was low: 49 (2%) patients received therapy, while of the 284 patients with HU, only 20 (7%) were prescribed allopurinol.Conclusion: in real clinical practice, only 29.1% of patients with AH and 20-25% of patients with other CVDs were monitored for sUA levels, every third patient had data on sUA levels at a repeat visit. In the presence of gout, the proportion of patients with current UA was higher (65%). For those with AH and IGT, positive correlations were found between the presence of the disease and control of sUA levels. A low frequency of prescribing drugs for the correction of HU was revealed.


Abstract: Throughout history there, working women have always suffered discrimination and injustice. Wage policy that has not been impartial, social security, welfare to the layoffs, everything is still attached to women workers than male workers. Despite the struggles of women workers already in the beginning since 1872, but has not hasilnyapun memnerikan perbbaikan a significant impact on the fate of the workers especially women workers. Marsinah case is a real reality that should be made an example, both about perseverance, courage and sacrifice in fighting for the rights of workers.


The invention provides an integrated process for drying forming of low-rank coal. The process comprises the following steps: (1) crushing the low-rank coal to be dried so that the particle size of the crushed low-rank coal particles is less than 50 millimeters; (2) delivering the crushed low-rank coal into a roller dryer quantitatively; (3) rotating the roller dryer and introducing heating fluid to the roller dryer to heat the coal in a roller; (4) collecting the coal discharged from the roller dryer, and delivering the heating fluid, dust carried along with the heating fluid, and water vapor from the low-rank coal into a dust processing system; (5) classifying the low-rank coal collected from the roller dryer according to certain particle size, and delivering the low-rank coal with the particle size of larger than the certain particle size to a product warehouse as a first product; and (6) delivering the low-rank coal with the particle size of smaller than the certain particle size to an extrusion forming device through a sealed delivery device to be extruded and formed together with the coal dust collected from the dust processing system, and delivering the formed product to the product warehouse as a second product.


Pathogenesis-related protein genes (PRs) of PR-1, PR-2 and PR-5 are the marker genes of plant disease resistance (R) gene-mediated resistance and systemic acquired resistance (SAR). To investigate the roles of PR genes and salicylic acid (SA) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) powdery mildew resistance reaction, the expression patterns of PR-1, PR-2 and PR-5 in seedling leaves of susceptible and resistant wheat cultivars or lines were analyzed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR after Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt) infection or SA treatment. The results showed that the transcribing of PR-1, PR-2 or PR-5 was significantly enhanced by Bgt infection in Zhoumai 18. The expressions of PR-1 and PR-5 were activated more quickly and strongly in resistant wheat than in susceptible wheat. SA significantly activated the transcriptions of PR-1 and PR-5, but it had less effect on PR-2. Both Bgt and SA could significantly upregulate the expressions of PR-1 and PR-5, but the effect of Bgt was stronger than that of SA. Therefore, PR-1 and PR-5 played important roles in wheat powdery mildew resistance. PR-1 and PR-5 may be considered as the marker genes for SAR in wheat. With a role in wheat powdery mildew resistant signal transduction cascades, SA application increased the powdery mildew resistance of Zhoumai 18 and Chinese Spring.


To the Editor.— In two angiograms shown by Redman (237:2415-2418, 1977), spasm was diagnosed in a brachial artery (her Fig 1) and in an axillary artery (her Fig 2). The minimal narrowing in these two angiograms could have been due to hematoma or soft tissue swelling. It cannot be denied that large arteries may go into spasm because of their intrinsic musculature, but arterial spasm is a dangerous diagnosis to make when there is trauma. It is convenient but hazardous for the physician who does not feel pulses in an extremity distal to an injury or who notes pallor and coolness to conclude that these findings are due to arterial spasm. This is particularly true in blunt trauma. Spasm may also be diagnosed on an arteriogram, particularly in cases of blunt trauma, but in my experience there has been contusion or intimal disruption in all such cases rather than spasm.