As a prelude to epidemiologic studies on the transmission of hepatitis B by personnel in hemodialysis units, a series of experiments was designed to determine the inactivation characteristics of hepatitis B antigen (HB Ag) on stainless steel and cotton surfaces and the efficiency of the swab-rinse and other methods for recovering HB Ag from dried blood on surfaces. Exposure of HB Ag-positive blood to constant conditions (25 C and 42% relative humidity) for 14 days resulted in a loss of only 15%-20% of antigenic activity. Virtually no reduction in HB Ag occurred on cotton swabs after a seven-day shipping cycle. Recovery of HB Ag from dried blood on stainless steel surfaces by the swab-rinse technique was essentially 100% efficient. In general, the results of this study indicate that, with appropriate sampling and processing techniques, HB Ag can be detected in an environment contaminated with blood or fluid that contains significant levels of antigen.


Chaidamu and Gonghe basins have a same climatic characteristics of scurviness natural conditions and a plenty of sandification area,however it's quite difficulty to rehabilitate the vegetation,therefore,sandification prevention and control mostly depends on the application of some technology.In this paper,the author will show us how to resolve the above mentioned issues making use of some effective experiments like afforestation in a certain appropriate flowage and semi-flowage dunes.Through the experiments,it's proved that it could obtain a high survive rate and high save rate as well as low cost,full-grown root system,high survive rate without irrigation in dry land where the altitude is about 2 900~3 370?m,the rainfall is 170~420 mm.


6067 Background: The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) TNM staging system defines the anatomical extent of disease and serves as a guide for treatment and prognosis. The favorable prognosis of p16+ oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) compared to p16 negative counterpart led to major updates in the AJCC 8th edition. Its prognostic performance, however, warrants further validation. Methods: We included patients diagnosed with p16+ OPSCC enrolled in a prospective registry ( Stiefel) at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center between March 2015 and December 2018. Patients' stage at diagnosis was classified according to the AJCC 7th (AJCC-7) and 8th (AJCC-8) editions. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) was defined as time from diagnosis to death or to progression or death, respectively. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate 1- and 3-year survival probabilities. Differences between groups were compared using the log-rank test. Prognostic discriminative performance of each staging system was evaluated using Harrel's C-statistic. Survival differences between heavy (> 10 pack-years [PY]) vs. light/never smokers (≤ 10 PY) by AJCC-8 staging groups was assessed with the log-rank test. Results: Of 463 patients, the median follow-up was 34.7 months (2.3-169.74). Nearly 90% (N=413) of patients were down-staged from AJCC-7 to AJCC-8 with 69% of patients with IVA disease based on AJCC-7 (N=319) re-staged as stage I (N=196 [42%]), II (N=79 [17%]) or III (44 [10%]) according to AJCC-8. Over 60% (N=279) of patients were staged as I with AJCC-8. Compared to AJCC-7, AJCC-8 had improved prognostic ability (C-statistic, 0.58 for AJCC-7 vs. 0.63 for AJCC-8) and provided better discriminative survival probabilities at 1 and 3-year follow-up (Table). Similar results were observed for PFS. Smoking status did not impact OS when stratified by AJCC-8 staging groups: I, p=0.347; II, p=0.310; and III, p=0.532 for > 10 vs. ≤ 10 PY. Conclusions: Our cohort validates that the AJCC-8 provides better prognostic discriminative performance when compared to AJCC-7, however, a disproportionate number of patients were classified as stage I. Smoking was not associated with survival within each staging group.[Table: see text]


Base on the coal industry development in China,the paper stated the significance to establish a science,rational and improved standardized system to the coal industry and the completed energy industry in China.The paper analyzed the present status and the main existing problems in the establishment of the coal standard system in China.According to the development conditions and the existing problems in each industrial standard,the paper provided the ideal and basic frame for the establishment of the coal standard system in China,which could be the certain base for the establishment of the coal standard system in future.


Abstract 4494 1.Background Mismatches of minor Histocompatibility antigens (mHAg) have been considered as an important immunogenetic factor influencing outcomes and immune responses following allogeneic stem-cell transplantation (alloSCT) despite fully matched HLA of donor and recipient. 2. Aim Aim of this study was to assess whether mHAg incompatibilities may affect overall survival (OS), progression free survival (PFS) and GVHD incidence (acute and chronic, aGVHD and cGVHD) in patients receiving alloSCT for lymphoid malignancies. 3. Methods Sixty-four consecutive patients with B-cell lymphomas who underwent alloSCT were studied. Ten patients had chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL, 15.8%), 3 had follicular lymphoma (FCL, 4.7%), 1 had diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL, 1,5%), 17 had Hodgkin9s lymphoma (26.5%) and 33 had multiple myeloma (51.5%). All underwent peripheral blood stem-cells allograft with non-myeloablative (13 patients, 20%) or reduced intensity (51 pts, 80%) Fludarabine-based conditioning; GVHD prophylaxis included methotrexate and oral cyclosporine +/- micomofetil fenolate in case of matched unrelated donors. Median age was 51 years (range 18-66); 35 patients were male (55%), median number of previous chemotherapies was 3 (0-7), 49 patients had a previous autologous transplant (76%). Twenty-five patients were in complete remission (CR, 39%), 30 and 9 were in partial response and progression (PR 47% and PD 14%). Karnofsky performance status (PS) was >80% in 50 patients (78%). Forty-four patients allografted from HLA-matched siblings (69%), 20 from matched unrelated donor (31%): all were matched at allelic level for HLA-A, -B, -Cw, -DRB1 and -DQB1 loci. Allelic mHAs typing was performed by PCR with sequence-specific primers for 14 autosomic mHAg and H-Y. Host versus Graft or Graft versus Host direction of immune responses in donor/recipient pairs was analyzed with use of the minor Histocompatibility Database of Leiden University Medical Center. OS and PFS were analyzed with Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test. aGVHD and cGVHD were analyzed with a multivariate logistic regression including as covariates age, sex, previous lines of chemotherapy, disease, pre-transplant status, PS and mHAs mismatches; grade >=2 aGVHD and extensive cGVHD were considered events. 4. Results Median follow-up was 34 months (2-83). One-year OS was 85%, 2- and 3-years OS were 82% and 77%. One-year PFS was 61%, 2- and 3-years PFS were 49% and 41%. The univariate analysis which considered transplant characteristics showed that OS and PFS were significantly affected by disease status at transplant (p 80, p 5. Conclusions This study showed that in the non-myeloablative and RIC setting, mHAg mismatches may have a significant role in determining aGVHD. Assessing mHAg mismatches may be a useful tool to choose patient-specific GVHD prophylaxis in conditioning regimens and in post transplant follow-up. Larger prospective data are needed in order to confirm these results. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


In this work, variable-node elements are used to insert non-conforming meshes on the interface between fluid and solid domains. The independent discretization of fluid and solid domains allows flexibility of modeling of fluid and solid domains. A single entity of the interface without overlays and gaps is defined, and the variable-node elements are constructed on element layers bordering on the interface in order to satisfy the continuity and compatibility conditions. The equivalent nodal forces amounting to the fluid pressure are applied directly on the nodes of solid surface. The present method does not need any special treatment of the continuity and equilibrium conditions on the interface. In addition, the fully coupled equations using the variable-node elements can be solved in a single computational domain. The innovative method using the variable-node elements is applicable to two- and three-dimensional fluid-solid interaction problems.


OBJECTIVE
We conducted a multicenter cohort study to investigate the prognostic value of some commonly-used laboratory indices in advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).

METHODS
A multicenter cohort study was conducted from 2004 to 2013. The associations between laboratory indices and prognosis of advanced PDAC were examined.

RESULTS
This cohort consisted of 553 females (36.2%) and 973 males (63.8%). Patients at cancer stage III and IV were 595 (39.0%) and 931 (61.0%), respectively. The median survival of stage III patients was 9.0 months, with 3-, 6-, and 12-month survival rates of 94.5%, 73.4%, and 28.5%, respectively. The median survival of stage IV patients was 5.4 months, with 3-, 6-, and 12-month survival rates of 79.3%, 42.9%, and 15.0%, respectively. In multivariate analyses, primary tumor diameter, low albumin, and elevated CA19-9 were associated with decreased survival for stage III patients. Age, smoking, primary tumor diameter, elevated ALT or AST, low albumin, and elevated CA19-9 were associated with decreased survival for stage IV patients.

CONCLUSION
Elevated CA19-9 level, decreased albumin level, and tumor size were associated with worse survival in stage III patients. Meanwhile, advanced age, smoking, and ALT or AST level were negatively correlated to prognosis in stage IV patients.


This work presents a new approach to gravitation. Instead of seeing mass as a source of gravitation, the opposite is assumed here. Namely, gravitation has been there first and ever since. Masses were brought into the game later, following highly energetic interactions between electromagnetic fields (photons), with the gravitation field. These interactions resulted in photon annihilation and pair (or jets) production processes. Though pair production is forbidden kinematically in an empty space, itis allowed when the interaction of an incoming photon with gravitation field occurs. Quantum fluctuations in the gravitation field create very intense geometrical distortions in spacetime which in turn allows for photons to undergo momentum changes in favor of pair production processes.


In this paper, we devote our efforts to the approximate nearest neighbour (ANN) search problem and propose a new unsupervised binary hashing method, i.e., Neighbourhood Pyramid preserving Hashing (NPH). We represent the nearest neighbours of each data point in a pyramid, and as the learning objective, we impose that the pyramid neighbourhood in each level is consistently preserved across the original Euclidean space and the transformed Hamming space. The neighbourhood is quantitatively characterized by its size, defined as the average distance from the involved nearest neighbours to the referred data point. Our approach is consistent with the distance-preserving principle of binary hashing and achieves stricter neighbourhood structure preserving over previous graph hashing algorithms. The experiments on several large-scale benchmark datasets demonstrate that NPH achieves promising performances compared with those of the existing state-of-the-art unsupervised binary hashing methods.


Abstract: This study aimed to determine the effect of leadership, work culture and employee motivation on job satisfaction and its impact on the performance of employees at regional office of Health of Aceh Timur Regency. The research was conducted at the regional office of Health of Aceh Timur Regency. The object of research is an employee of regional office of Health of Aceh Timur Regency and a sample of 112 people. The results of this study indicated that there was a significant effect of the variable leadership, work culture and employees' motivation simultaneously on job satisfaction and employees' performance at regional office of Health of Aceh Timur Regency and leadership, work culture and motivational affected partially on job satisfaction, the results of this research also showed partially the influence of leadership and work culture on employees' performance, but the motivation did not affect partially on employees' performance. The results of this research also explained that job satisfaction and performance of employees had a significant influence. Based on the results, coefficient R2 on the variable job satisfaction was obtained by using multiple linear regression analysis, that is, 64.9 %, which means that changes on job satisfaction in regional office of Health of Aceh Timur Regency was caused by the change in leadership, work culture and employees' motivation. While the rest percentage, 35.1 %,was influenced by other variables that were not included in this research. Also, the R2 coefficient results on variable of employees' performance was 24.3 %, which means the change of the employees' performance at regional office of Health of Aceh Timur Regency was caused by the change in leadership, work culture and employees' motivation. While the rest percentage, 75.7 %, was influenced by other variables that were not included in this research. Keywords: leadership, work culture, employees' motivation, job satisfaction and employees' performance


HE private companies hired by the Mexican governments of Presidents Manuel Gonzalez and Porfirio Diaz to survey public lands from about i88o to 11go were both the agents and the beneficiaries of the greatest single turnover of public lands in the nation's history. In a single decade, from 1883 to 1893, survey companies received as compensation 18.4 million hectares of public landone-third of all the land they surveyed, or about one-tenth the total area of Mexico. Over the entire period, from 1878 to 1908, about 50 companies received some 2i. 2 million hectares of public lands, which at the compensation rate of 3 to 1 implied that roughly 63.6 million hectares had been surveyed.' The historical literature of the period correctly emphasizes the most salient features of the surveys, namely, their explosive pace, the enormous areas of land the companies disposed of, and the government's method of compensating them. References to the complaints about the surveys from landholders both rich and poor, as well as to the companies' unjust enrichment derived from their supposed "insider" status, have enhanced the notoriety of the infamous compaiiias deslindadoras.'


In article number https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.201801029, Kolleboyina Jayaramulu, Justus Masa, Wolfgang Schuhmann, Roland A. Fischer, and co‐workers report simple and facile synthesis of cobalt‐based 2D zeolite imidazole framework nanosheets [Co‐ZIF‐9(III)] by mechano‐chemical grinding with subsequent liquid‐phase exfoliation. The resultant 2D material exhibits highly efficient oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity under alkaline conditions, attributed to increased accessibility of redox‐active cobalt oxyhydroxide active sites with a nitrogen coordination environment N4CoOOH, and efficiently mimics Co‐Porphyrin electrocatalysts.


The effect of casein calcium peptide to the sense quality of the orange-milk was investigated,and determined the optimum formula of the main accessories of the orange-milk.The JMP software was used to design the experiment to carry through the sensory evaluation of orange-milk,and the experiment data was analyzed with SPSS.The results showed that,the content of CCP had little influence on the qualities of the orange-milk except fragrance;the optimum formula of the main accessories of the orange-milk was milk 40%,orange juice 2%,CCP 0.2%,CMC 0.1%.


The Green-Julg theorem states that K G (B) = K0(L 1 (G,B)) for every compact group G and every G-C -algebra B. We formulate a generalisation of this result to proper groupoids and Banach algebras and deduce that the Bost assembly map is surjective for proper Banach algebras.


The purpose of this study is to establish a novel epithelial clonal strain of middle ear cholesteatoma. During the operation, a cholesteatomous matrix is obtained from a 34 years old female. Cultured cells at passage 7, is characterized by hyperkeratinization and heavy adhesion to each other because of well-developed desmosome. Fig1,2 are cloning methods and materials used. Cultured cells grow in a mono layer like cobblestone. Fluorescent microscopic examination, EM examination are performed . Cytoplasma fluoresces similar to filaments and the outer edge of the cells fluoresce stronger. In other findings, keratin produced from the cells fluoresce and become membrane like. Golgi apparatus and desmosome are well-developed.


Advances in robotic technology have prompted a proliferation of applications beyond traditional service environments. For example, museums are using more social robotic displays to engage their patrons. The result is that these social robots are being operated beyond the direct control and technical support of those trained in robotic technology. It is therefore beneficial to incorporate real time health monitoring of the robotic system to recognize the need for technical support. Through incorporation of technology often referred as the Internet of Things, technical support can monitor operations remotely to ascertain needed interventions. This paper describe the development and deployment of a 5 degree of freedom animatronic vulture in a distant museum exhibition. In addition to monitoring during exhibition, technology was utilized to monitor the fragile sculpture during shipment. The information was transmitted to the authors in the real time, yielding valuable conclusions about the remote well-being and operation of the sculpture.


One hundred and sixty-two patients with a diagnosis of scapholunate instability underwent a modified Brunelli procedure over a 7-year period. One hundred and seventeen were assessed with the help of a questionnaire and, of these, 55 patients attended for clinical evaluation. The mean follow-up was 4 (1–8) years. There were 72 patients with dynamic scapholunate instability and 45 patients with static instability. The average age was 38 years. There were 50 males and 67 females. A total of 77 (62%) patients had no to mild pain with a mean visual analogue score of 3.67 ðSD ¼ 2:5Þ: The loss in the arc of flexion–extension was due to a reduced range of flexion (mean loss 31%), while 80% of extension was maintained, compared with the contralateral side. The grip strength on the operated side was reduced by 20% of the non-operated side. There was no statistically significant difference ðP40:05Þ in the range of movement or the grip strength between the static and dynamic group and patients with or without legal claims. Ninety (79%) patients were satisfied with the result of the surgery (good to excellent) and 88% of the patients felt that they would have the same surgery again. We feel that these results compare favourably with the early results published from this unit and recommend this procedure for dynamic and static scapholunate instability.


With the development and popularity of the approach of CBSD (Component-based Software Development), the number of reusable software component keeps on increasing. To evaluate the component quality objectively has become the key issue in CBSD applications. The current component quality models only focus on some types of components and usually are applicable to some kinds of users. This paper proposes a component quality model based on ISO/IEC 9126 standard, which combines the features of black box and white box component. The component quality model aims at component developer, reuser and the third party. It can provide feasible reference for component evaluation.


The mineral and microelement compositions of a collection of salivary calculi in patients residing in various regions (the cities of Novosibirsk and Vladivostok) are studied. Powder X-ray diffraction and IR spectroscopy show that all of the pathogenic organomineral entities are dominated by an inorganic component, which is represented by calcium phosphates. In ten of the twelve samples from the Novosibirsk collection, the mineral component is built of apatite solely; in the other two, whitlockite is also found together with apatite. In the Vladivostok collection, whitlockite in assemblage with apatite in various quantitative proportions was found in most of the salivary calculi. Brushite in assemblage with apatite and whitlockite was found in only one calculus. The assemblage of brushite and carbonate-hydroxylapatite in the average sample of one calculus shows clear-cut organic interlayers and significant fluctuations in the salivary pH in the course of calculus formation. Microelement analysis shows higher selenium, iodine, vanadium, chromium, and manganese levels in the salivary calculi from Vladivostok, but indium and cadmium in these calculi are encountered less frequently than in the Novosibirsk collection, which is due to the specifics of the regions in which the patients live.


ABSTRACT Purpose: Despite all the environmental concerns and positive attitudes of customers toward sustainability and green products, market share of green products remains confined to just 1–3 percent of the entire market. This discrepancy or gap between consumers' favorable attitude toward environment and actual purchase behavior of green products is referred to as "green purchasing inconsistency" or "green attitude-behavior gap." The purpose of this article is to explain why this gap still exists and to investigate whether the influence of moderator variables (i.e. ability and opportunity) can minimize this gap. Design/methodology/approach: A survey was conducted with 450 consumers in Dhaka City (capital of Bangladesh) and items were adopted from different literatures. Structural equation modeling was applied using STATA 14 software. Findings: The findings suggest that ability can play a key role in motivating the consumers toward more green purchase behavior along with eco-label knowledge, but not with general knowledge of environment. Also, the findings indicate that opportunity was not a moderating factor in the expected way. The article ends with actionable strategies for practitioner managers who are interested in expanding green product market. Originality/Values: The authors incorporated the motivation-ability-opportunity (MAO) model by Olander and Thogersen in their study to understand consumer behavior in the Bangladeshi context. Two moderating variables (i.e. ability and opportunity) were derived from the MAO model to study the link between attitude toward environment and ecologically conscious consumer behavior in the context of a developing country (i.e. Bangladesh).


PurposeIn the online marketing context, virtual reality (VR) has been used to display products and shopping environment, which effectively enhances the consumer experience. VR technology can not only recreate scenes similar to the real world (virtual authenticity, VA) but also create fictitious and desirable scenes that do not exist in the real world (virtual ideality, VI). The differences between VA and VI in influencing consumers' responses have not been fully understood. In addition, social signals have appeared in VR apps. However, the role of social signals in a VR context has rarely been studied. To fill the gaps in the literature, this study investigates the roles of VA and VI in shaping consumers' responses, as well as whether and how their effectiveness in shaping consumers' responses is influenced by social signals.Design/methodology/approachA VR real estate service platform was selected as the experimental platform, and two experiments were conducted to test the hypotheses. The ANOVAs and regressions were used for data analysis.FindingsResults show that VA leads to a higher level of perceived diagnosticity than VI, whereas VI leads to a higher level of inspiration than VA; perceived diagnosticity and inspiration positively affect visit intention. Furthermore, the relationship between consumers' perceived diagnosticity, inspiration and visit intention is moderated by the presence of social signals.OriginalityThe study revealed the differences between VA and VI in shaping consumers' responses, as well as the effect of social signals in VR environment, which provide a new perspective for future VR research in the context of interactive marketing.


The ability to quickly model the production implications of changes from marketing, sales, finance, or engineering allows manufacturing enterprises to be pro-active in building competitive advantage. The power of a rapid modeling approach that assists manufacturing system designers and planners to evaluate their factory production systems is illustrated here. The study demonstrates how various members of an interdiciplinary design and analysis team can evaluate the process capabilities before introducing new methods and machines.


The history of fluorine air pollution in Florida is recounted. The onset of tip burn, excessive leaf drop, and chlorosis of foliage was correlated with the onset of superphosphate plants in the area of citrus groves. Experiments which confirmed that fluorine pollution was the culprit are described, as are the initial initiatives for air pollution regulations in Florida.


In recent years,the satisfactory achievements have been obtained in the clinical research on treatment of Bi\|syndrome with acupuncture.with the deepening and improvement of research,it is necessary to review systematically the general situation and trend of basic pathogenesis and clinical researches of Bi\|syndrome.Thus the direction of scientific research could be rectified.The deviations and waste also could be avoided. Starting with the basic conception,causes and pathogenesis of Bi\|syndrome,the author has collected 67 clinical reports on the treatment of Bi\|syndrome by acupuncture with complete clinical data and reliable contents which were published in recent 5 years in China.The author has analyzed the technical aspects of therapeutic methods,rules of selection of acupionts,clinical results,etc.Some problems in the present clinical researches and corresponding resolutions and assumptions are advanced in this article.[


By analyzing two types of English pragmatic failure and the causes of English pragmatic failure,this paper attaches importance to cultural instruction and tries to explore possible ways to promote students' cultural acquisition ability and their sensitivity to pragmatic failure to improve their communicative competence and to help them avoid unnecessary failure in communication.


COMPUTER AUTOMATION OF SANITARY SEWER NETWORK DESIGNS CAN BE AIDED BY THE INPUT OF SPECIAL DIGITAL TERRAIN INFORMATION OBTAINED BY TWO AXIS DIGITIZING OF ORTHOPHOTO BASE MAPS AND THREE AXIS DIGITIZING OF PHOTOGRAMMETRIC MODELS CREATED BY ANALOG STEREO PLOTTERS. THE ORGANIZATION OF THE MEASURING PROCEDURES AND THE COMPUTER TRANSFORMATION OF THE MODEL DATA TO GROUND COORDINATES FOR ESTABLISHING A DATA BANK FOR DESIGN OF SANITARY SEWERS IS DISCUSSED. /AUTHOR/


Immunology
Anemia is a frequent complication of disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease, occurring in part as a result of increased bleeding into the intestine. Bessman et al. show that the peptide hormone hepcidin, which regulates systemic iron homeostasis, is required for intestinal repair in a mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease (see the Perspective by Rescigno). This effect was independent of hepatocyte-produced hepcidin and systemic iron levels. Instead, production of hepcidin by conventional dendritic cells was necessary and sufficient to promote local iron sequestration by macrophages, which in turn modulated the makeup of the gut microbiota to one with a more beneficial distribution of species.

Science , this issue p. [186][1]; see also p. [129][2]

 [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aau6481
 [2]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.abb2915


ABSTRACT Background: Recent guidelines recommend that patients receiving treatment for osteoporosis should also receive supplementation with calcium and vitamin D unless they are calcium and vitamin D replete. Given that the majority of elderly patients have inadequate levels of vitamin D and that determining nutritional status is time-consuming and costly, it seems prudent to ensure that the majority of patients aged over 65 and receiving medication for osteoporosis should receive supplementation as a matter of course. Objectives: To determine the level of co-prescription of calcium and vitamin D in patients receiving treatment for osteoporosis with bisphosphonates, teriparatide, raloxifene or strontium. Study design and methods: A pilot audit of nine general practices covering a population of 61 202. Results: Overall, 1.1% (n = 662) of patients were receiving treatment for osteoporosis; of those, only 34.1% of patients were co-prescribed calcium or calcium and vitamin D. Levels of co-prescription varied considerably across practices from 74.0% to 12.2%. Conclusions: Despite national guidelines, co‐prescription of calcium and vitamin D with treatment for osteoporosis remains sub-optimal with considerable variation between practices. Strategies should be adopted to increase physician awareness of widespread vitamin D inadequacy, the rationale for supplementation and poor compliance.


AbstractThis report reviews the literature on modulation of host defenses by oxidant air pollution, and possible links with increased susceptibility to respiratory infections. The notion of increased susceptibility to respiratory infections is primarily based on available animal data. Since the basic biological mechanisms of action of the human and the animal pulmonary defenses are similar, it is reasonable to extrapolate these biologic responses in experimental animals to human exposures. However, no firm conclusions on a relationship of exposure to oxidant air pollutants and defense to infections can yet be drawn from epidemiologic data. At this point it is not possible to answer questions such as the relative importance of duration and concentration of exposure, and reversibility and adaptation phenomena, although these issues are of the utmost importance for population risk assessment. Research at various levels is required to fill the scientific gaps. Experimental inhalation toxicologic research usin...


Transcatheter mitral valve repair (TMVR) is an alternative treatment option for severe mitral regurgitation (severe MR) in patients with high surgical risk. Previous studies have demonstrated safety and efficacy of TMVR. The aim of our study was to assess comorbid and patient outcome data in a nationwide sample.

 From the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) 2016–2017, all adult patients with mitral valve regurgitation were identified. Patients were divided into two group- TMVR and SMVR (surgical mitral valve repair). Patients requiring surgical valve replacement were excluded. Primary outcomes were inpatient mortality and length of stay. Multivariate analysis was performed to adjust for comorbidities.

 A total of 6211 TMVR were performed, while 3789 SMVR were performed. TMVR patients were older (78.34 vs 62.26 years) and had more females (48.86 vs 36.18%). Comorbidities were higher in the TMVR group [heart failure (81.02 vs 46.02%, p<0.001), diabetes mellitus (27.13 vs 15.81%, p<0.001), chronic kidney disease (39.3 vs 13.7%, p<0.001), chronic lung disease (27.13 vs 16.65%, p<0.001). Complications were higher in the SMVR [Cardiogenic shock (3.8 vs 6%, p=0.007), blood transfusion requirement (19.44 vs 4.85%, p=0.001), respiratory failure (10.99 vs 7.37, p=0.012)]. Mean length of stay was higher with SMVR [8.60±0.22 (4.139–5.17) days] compared to TMVR [4.65±0.26 (8.167–9.03) days]. In-patient mortality was lower in TMVR (2.01 vs 2.45%, p-0.02). After adjusting for comorbidities on multivariate analysis, there was no difference in mortality between the groups (adjusted OR=1.081±0.419 (0.506–2.311).

 From nationwide data, we report TMVR as a relatively safe treatment modality for severe MR, with comparable inpatient mortality and fewer complications than SMVR, despite having a significantly higher burden of comorbidities.

 Type of funding source: None


A key element in the process of clinical medical education is the process of providing feedback by comparing the directly observed performance of postgraduate doctors training to become specialists to that of a previously identified and communicated 'gold standard' and incorporating a plan for improvement. This is regarded as crucial to enhance clinical competencies. Hence, a greater understanding of the clinical educational environment and the various factors that impact on the giving and receiving of feedback within such a setting is required. A mixed methods approach was adopted for this observational study regarding the perceptions of the quality of feedback given and received at a large multicultural teaching hospital. Relationships between demographics and certain important aspects of the provision of feedback were observed which impact on the context in which feedback is given and received. The study found that appropriate strategies should be implemented to improve teaching capacity of consultants, together with gender empowerment and academic support programmes for registrars.


The importance of sustainable design and building practices has been well documented in recent literature by Stieg (2006), and as the emphasis on this type of design and construction continues to grow, institutions of higher education are increasingly integrating sustainable design into their curriculum. Congruent with this movement has been the growing realization that interior designers must be able to work and collaborate with a diverse and multifaceted workforce, particularly when sustainable design is a goal. Therefore, using a social constructivist approach this study sought to (1) measure the differences in attitudes toward sustainable design and collaborative learning between lower– and upper–division undergraduate students majoring in interior design at a Southeastern university, (2) investigate the potential impact of interior design education on attitudes toward sustainable design and collaborative learning among the sample, and (3) assess a potential relationship among the variables. Since the interior design program examined for this study incorporates increasing levels of sustainable design education and collaborative learning as students progress through the curriculum, the authors sought to determine whether upper–division students would display more favorable attitudes toward these competencies, which are so highly desired for the workforce. Results revealed that upper–division students held more positive attitudes toward sustainable design than lower–division students and provided support for a relationship between the two variables. However, contrary to expectations, results also revealed that upper–division students held less favorable attitudes toward collaborative learning than their lower–division peers. Educational implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.


A time division multiple access (TDMA) traffic information display communication system having an information display. The information display includes an electronic display area, a microcontroller supported by and coupled to the display, a radio frequency receiver coupled to the microcontroller, a memory coupled to the microcontroller, and a program running on the microcontroller. The program is stored in memory and configured to display data on the display according to configuration data including the information display ID and the number of lines of the display.


Protein aggregation is a major bottleneck during the bacterial production of recombinant proteins. In general, the induction of gene expression at sub‐optimal growth temperatures improves the solubility of aggregation‐prone polypeptides and minimizes inclusion body (IB) formation. However, the effect of low temperatures on the quality of the recombinant protein, especially within the insoluble cell fraction, has been hardly ever explored. In this work, we have examined the conformational status of a recombinant GFP protein when produced in Escherichia coli below 37°C. As expected, the fraction of aggregated protein largely decreased at lower temperatures, while the conformational quality of both soluble and aggregated GFP, as reflected by its specific fluorescence emission, progressively improved. This observation indicates that physicochemical conditions governing protein folding affect concurrently the quality of the soluble and the aggregated forms of a misfolding‐prone protein, and that protein misfolding and aggregation are clearly not coincident events. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007;96:1101–1106. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


According to the merits of remotely sensed data in depicting regional land cover and thermal environment,multi-objective information processing was employed to remote sensing images to analyze and simulate land cover and thermal environment in mining areas.Support Vector Machine(SVM) classifier was used to classify remote sensing images and derive regional land cover maps,mono-window algorithm was used to retrieve land surface temperature from thermal infrared images.And land cover change and thermal environmental trends were simulated by CA_Markov model.Quality landscape indexes and land use and land cover transfer matrixes were selected to analysis and assess the dynamic changes trend of different land cover types as well.The results demonstrate that it is signification and suitable to retrieval thermal environmental,evaluate and analyze its distribution and trend using remote sensing methods.CA_Markov model is able to predict land cover and thermal environmental trends with good performance.


Market efficiency is a key factor in evaluating the operating state of regional electricity market (REM). This paper analyzes and appraises the economical effectiveness of REM from the perspective of the short-term market efficiency and long-term market efficiency. The short-term market efficiency indicates the degree of the effectiveness of market operation considering the behavior of the main body of the market and transmission congestion in the certain market environment. The long-term market efficiency indicates the energy effect, economic effect, social effect and environmental effect which electric power planning and electricity consumption bring to the regions concerned. With the changes of system environment, REM, which has operated effectively in short time, cannot ensure that it will get a long-term validity, and vice versa. This paper analyzes the internal relationships between short-term and long-term market efficiency and puts forward the methods to estimate the economic effectiveness of REM through building coordinative region that meets the short-term efficiency and long-term efficiency simultaneously.


The two ternary quadratic forms are said to be reciprocal (to each other) since their coefficients form inverse matrices :


An organic thin film transistor, which comprises a self-assembled monolayer is inserted between the gate dielectric layer and the organic semiconductor layer. The single layer is a gate dielectric layer and said self-assembled monolayer precursor product formed by the reaction. The monolayer precursor composition formula of XYZ n , wherein, X is H or CH 3 , Y is a straight or branched chain C 5 -C 50 aliphatic or alicyclic linking group or an aryl group and comprising C 3 -C 44 aliphatic or cycloaliphatic linking groups of C 8 -C 50 group; the Z is selected from -PO 3 H 2 , - OPO 3 H 2 , benzotriazolyl (-C 6 H 4 N 3 ), a carbonyl benzotriazole group (-OC (= O) C 6 H 4 N 3 ) oxygen benzotriazole (-OC 6 H 4 N 3 ), aminobenzotriazole (-NH-C 6 H 4 N 3 ), - CONHOH, -COOH, -OH, -SH, -COSH, -COSeH, -C 5 H 4 N, -SeH, -SO 3 H, -NC, -SiCl (CH 3 ) 2 , - SiCl 2 CH 3 , an amino group, a phosphinyl group; n is 1, 2 or 3, with the proviso that when Z is -SiCl (CH 3 ) 2 or -SiCl 2 CH 3 time, n = 1. The method of manufacturing a thin film transistor is also provided an integrated circuit containing a thin film transistor.


This paper presents a new scheme and algorithm for robust watermarking against general geometric distortions, such as rotation, scale, and translation. Some previous methods need synchronism to robust for geometric distortion between embedded and detected locations. However, synchronism requires extensive calculations cost and does not resist radical distortions. We propose a watermarking scheme using a winding number, which is a topological invariant that is not changed by geometric distortions. Winding number is extracted figure like a circle, therefore this does not require synchronism in our scheme. This paper shows one of the algorithms to implement our scheme, and evaluates this implementation.


The purpose of this study is make a basic data for design the proper
 thermal-insulated waterproofing of concrete slab roof
So, this is researched the problem on the design of the thermal-insulated
waterproofing of concrete slab, specially, the moisture content of
thermal-insulated material.
The results are present a data for making a counterproposal as followes
' (1) the selection of thermal-insulated material. (2) the slope of
the protective pressure layer. (3) the design of waterproofing layer.
 (4) an efficiency change on the passing of years.


Paul Tripper is an Associate Professor of Medicinal Chemistry at the University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC, NE, USA) and an Editorial Board member of Future Drug Discovery. Here, he speaks to...


The conductance through a branched conductor placed between two electrodes is analyzed using the Landauer transport formulation within the framework of the single electron, and the tight binding approximations. Terminal side chains are expressed as self energy terms which map the branched conductor onto an effective linear chain Hamiltonian. The effect of uniform side branches on resonant zero-bias conductance is shown to be analytically solvable and particularly simple, where subtraction or addition of a single terminal site can induce an effective discontinuity in the main linear chain or can effectively decouple the side branch from the conductor. Manipulating the "effective length" of a side branch by a local terminal gate potential, control of the small bias current through the branched conductor is demonstrated.


A Genetic Algorithm (GA) is developed for the retail staff scheduling problem. The proposed algorithm is implemented and compared with a conventional integer programming branch-and-bound approach. The performance of the algorithm is tested on six real-world problems. A sensitivity analysis is carried out on three problems for two genetic parameters: population size and mutation rate. Using statistical analysis, the effects of these parameters on the solution quality and computational times are studied. The comparative study shows that GA can produce near-optimal solutions for all of the test problems, and for half of them, it is more successful than the branch-and-bound method.


Individual nanocomposite sheets of chemically reduced graphene oxide (CRG) and poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP), namely CRG/PVP, have been fabricated through a simple one-pot procedure. The structure and composition of the as-prepared CRG/PVP sheets were complementarily characterized using solid-state 13C NMR, atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and other spectroscopic measurements, demonstrating that the PVP molecules were chemically grafted on the CRG surfaces. The electrical conductivity of the individual CRG/PVP sheets was measured at different levels of relative humidity (RH) using a conductive atomic force microscopy (CAFM) system, revealing that the electrical conductivity of a CRG/PVP sheet is sensitive to RH variation with a response time of a few seconds. Given the easy mass scale production and improved electrical conductivity, we envisage that the CRG/PVP nanocomposite sheets should have a broad spectrum of applications in electrical conductivity based sensors.


This research aims at an automatically moving robot intended for the elderly with voice control using voice recognition that gives a direction to the robot by a voice command. The development of this robot employed an algorithm that converts voice to text to control the robot mobility. The performance testing of the automatically moving robot intended for the elderly with Thai language voice commands revealed an accuracy of voice-to-text conversion for commanding the robot to move in designated directions of 100 percent, and the accuracy of voice-to-text conversion for commanding the robot to move in designated directions using English language was 80 percent, while that for both Thai and English commands was 70 percent. Errors in voice-to-text conversion occurred when commands were not clearly spoken or pronounced or when commands were issued from people located in a very noisy place.


The present study reports on one patient who underwent dental implant therapy in previously periodontally compromised region with huge intrabony defect.6 months after the intrabony debridement and bone grafting with collagenous bone graft(Bio-Oss Collagen ,Geistlich Pharma AG,Wolhusen,Switzerland),the intrabony defect was completely filled with regenerated hard tissue.Then two implants (Camlog Screw Line,Camlog Biotechnologies) were successfully placed.30 months after the bone grafting and 24 months after the implants placement,both of the peri-implant hard and soft tissues were healthy and stable.This report suggests that the previously huge intrabony defect and yet successfully treated may not have negative effects on the success of dental implant.


One of the most common issues in the construction industry is the delay problem. The majority of the researchers have been focused to study the delay reasons in the implementation phase while few of them adopted to discuss the delay reasons for the early phases for the project planning and design phases. Therefore, this paper aims to study the reasons of the project delay in the planning and design phases as well as the implementation phase during the period of terrorism. A questionnaire included the delay reasons for the three phases that have been sent to the questioners of engineers who are working in the public and private Iraqi construction industry. The valid responses have been tested using Chi-Square Test to indicate the validity and reliability of the results and the relative importance index (RII) to show the average repetition of delay happening. The results showed that the main direct reason causes a delay in the planning phase is the unavailability of the fundamental data for the. Whereas, projects the design phase the analysis of the questionnaire results specified the owner's financial issues was the significant delay reason. Moreover, the most effective delay's reason in the implementation phase is the terrorist acts and cut off roads.


"What's So Special about Special Collections?" was the title for the inaugural issue of RBM in 2000 and a theme issue of American Libraries published that same year. 1 A variation of the phrase served as the subtitle for a 2005 RBMS Preconference seminar. 2 The question asks us to articulate what distinguishes special collections from other research library collections and services, and reminds us of the implied elitism in our professional vocabulary. With a healthy dose of irony, we are challenging long-standing assumptions of difference. What's so special about special collections librarians? I want to consider education and training with a . . .


Introduction Methods Results Objectives References Current Status • Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic multi-system autoimmune disease characterized by inflammatory synovitis. • Autoantibodies, such as anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) and rheumatoid factor (RF), are important serological markers that distinguish RA from other forms of inflammatory arthritis; yet many patients with RA do not have measurable ACPA or RF. • IgG4 is the second most abundant isotype of ACPA and RF, after IgG1; but, it is not detected by diagnostic assays typically available. • Patients deemed " sero-negative " by standard assays may actually have high titers of the IgG4-specific isotype of ACPA and RF[1]. • In a combined effort from 2 large medical centers, UMASS Memorial & UVM, over 100 subjects have been recruited, of whom data and sera have been collected. • IgG1-and IgG4-specific ACPA & RF testing is being performed by Dr. Mercedes Rincon at University of Vermont Medical Center. • Results from this large cross-sectional study should help to elucidate the role of IgG4-specific autoantibodies in the pathogenesis of RA and may aid in its early diagnosis. • In this cross-sectional study, we aim to enroll 1000 patients with confirmed RA according to the 2010 ACR/EULAR classification criteria. • We are collecting clinical information about each patient including demographics, current treatments, disease activity measures, laboratory test results, and radiographs. • Concurrently, we are collecting serum samples from each patient that will be analyzed for • To date, we have recruited 102 RA patients with the following demographics [Table 2]. • To quantitate and compare levels of IgG1-and IgG4-specific ACPA and of IgG1-and IgG4-specific RF in patients with RA. • To correlate levels of IgG4-specific ACPA with disease activity, therapy, and serum cytokine levels. • To assess whether a diagnostic test that detects the IgG4 isotype of ACPA or of RF will allow earlier diagnosis of RA. Benefit of very early referral and very early therapy with disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis.


Objective: to evaluate the prevalence of Juvenile Fibromyalgia in pediatric patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.
Methods: a case-control study of 62 children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and 62 controls at Suez Canal University Hospital, Ismailia, were included in the study from April 2011 to January 2012. Sixty-two children with a well-established diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus were recruited for the study. All subjects, patients and normal controls were evaluated by clinical assessment that included predefined tender points upon digital palpation. Results: Fibromyalgia was diagnosed in eight Diabetes Mellitus patients (13%) and in only one (2%) healthy control (P=0.008*). Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus patients with Juvenile Fibromyalgia had significantly a higher mean regarding number of tender point than those without Fibromyalgia (6.38±1.5 vs. 3.21±1.4, respectively) (P


The factor that ensures the effectiveness of educational assessment is the integration of its formative and summative assessment practices. The article presents the results of a survey of school teachers, the analysis of which confirms the need for teachers in detailed, theoretically substantiated recommendations that will improve the effectiveness of assessment activities. The purpose of this article is to present the author's point of view on the possibility of integrating the practices of summative and formative assessment of teaching mathematics to schoolchildren. Along with methodological recommendations reflecting possible ways of integrating formative and summative assessment, the article shows an example of the active participation of students in the development of descriptors. It is especially noted that the summative assessment should not be perceived by either the student or the teacher as the end of a certain stage of education, it should become the basis for formative assessment.


In situ hybridization of a cDNA probe for the esterase D gene (ESD) was carried out on human chromosomes. The probe hybridized most strongly to 13q14.2 and 13q14.3. This observation raises doubts concerning the most recently published assignment of ESD to 13q14.1. A deletion in an individual with retinoblastoma was reported to separate the closely linked ESD and retinoblastoma (RB1) loci, placing ESD proximal to RB1. Quantitative in situ hybridization studies of this deletion do not confirm this interpretation. Rather, they suggest that ESD is missing from the deleted chromosome 13 and duplicated on the normal homolog. From these findings, we conclude that the deletion in this individual cannot be used to determine the orientation nor the sublocalization of ESD and RB1 within the 13q14 region.


The interaction of platelets with surfaces is one of the main determinant in the thromboresistance of artificial surfaces exposed to blood in high flow systems. The absorption of a layer of plasma proteins to the surface precedes an thus its nature conditions further platelet adhesion and activation. The development of hemocompatible and thromboresistant materials includes definition of the mechanisms and consequence of blood interactions with surface and the use of quantitative tests to predict their clinical performance


The invention discloses a remotely controlled submarine for testing the underwater temperature, which comprises a micro-control processor, a depth sensor, a temperature sensor, a wireless transmissiondevice, a GPS positioning module and a remote control terminal. The invention mounts a gauge for measuring temperature on a submarine, The temperature sensor is moved to the point to be measured by comparing the data input from the depth sensor and the GPS positioning module according to the instruction from the remote control terminal, and the stability of the measurement position is ensured, sothat the temperature measurement of the water body of different depths and positions in a large area can be completed quickly and automatically. The temperature measurement of the water body of different depths and positions in a large area can be realized by the submarine.


Using first-principles methods we have studied the interactions between hydrogen impurities and vacancies in hcp Mg and fcc Al. We find that single vacancies can, in principle, host up to 9 H atoms in Mg and 10 in Al, not 12 as recently reported in the case of Al. The difference between our results and the results in previous work is attributed to a more appropriate definition of the trapping energy of hydrogen impurities in vacancies. The concentration of hydrogen-vacancy complexes depends on the amount of hydrogen dissolved in the metal, which in turn is dictated by the hydrogen chemical potential ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{\text{H}}$. We evaluated the concentration of all relevant hydrogen-vacancy complexes as a function of ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{\text{H}}$, corresponding to different H loading conditions\char22{}ranging from low pressures to high pressures of ${\text{H}}_{2}$ gas, up to hydrogen plasma conditions. Our analysis reveals fundamental differences in the characteristics of the hydrogen-vacancy interaction between Mg and Al. In the case of Al, up to 15% of H atoms are trapped in single vacancies in the form of H-vacancy complexes even for very low values of ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{\text{H}}$. The trapping effect slows down the diffusion of H atoms in Al by more than an order of magnitude. While interactions between vacancies and single hydrogen atoms are therefore clearly important, interactions with multiple H atoms and related mechanisms (such as hydrogen-induced superabundant vacancy formation) are predicted to occur in Al only at very high values of ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{\text{H}}$. In the case of Mg, the effects of H trapping in single vacancies are negligible for low values of ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{\text{H}}$ due to the relatively low formation energy of isolated interstitial H. However, vacancies containing multiple H atoms and related mechanisms such as hydrogen-induced superabundant vacancy formation are predicted to occur in Mg at much lower values of ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{\text{H}}$ than in Al. We estimate that, at room temperature, the critical pressure of an ${\text{H}}_{2}$ gas to induce hydrogen-enhanced (superabundant) vacancy formation is $\ensuremath{\sim}1\text{ }\text{GPa}$ in Mg and $\ensuremath{\sim}10\text{ }\text{GPa}$ in Al.


Machine tools play a vital role in the performance of manufacturing industries. Machine tools form a complex system consisting of various sub systems and components. Failure of machine tools can take place if any of the components of the sub systems fail to perform its function. Machine tool includes various complicated systems such as electrical systems, hydraulic systems, electronic systems, bearings, gears, belts and lubrication systems. These machine tools are subjected to different kinds of failure problems in operation. This work is based on the study of such failures to identify the critical sub systems of these machine tools. The failure analysis of machine tools was carried out using graph theory-matrix approach (GTMA) and multiple attribute decision making (MADM) method. The failure data of machine tools was collected from industries and analysed to determine the critical component or sub system.


Two attributes of opaline photonic crystal (PC) back-reflectors optically coupled to thin semiconductor films contribute to enhanced optical absorption in the semiconductor. Namely, (i) the PC back-reflector behaves as a perfect mirror (PM), exhibiting complete reflection over stop-gap frequencies; and (ii) the PC-semiconductor film interface couples incident light into resonant states that propagate along the plane of the film, thereby further enhancing absorption. In order to fully realize these benefits the PC must be placed directly adjacent to the absorbing medium. However, in conventional thin-film silicon photovoltaic (PV) cells this is where a nontransparent back contact is typically located. Herein we perform finite-difference-time-domain (FDTD) based calculations in order to investigate the benefits of utilizing an existing electrically conducting PC, namely a ZnO inverted opal, as the back contact for an a-Si∶H PV cell. FDTD calculations show that, under normally incident light, the addition of a ZnO inverted opal back-reflector comprising 12 layers enhances the average absorption in a 300nm thick a-Si∶H cell by a factor of 4.7 in the spectral region slightly above the a-Si∶H band gap. In comparison, absorption is enhanced by just a factor of 2.3 for the case in which a PM is used as a back-reflector. Considering that the efficiency of commercially available a-Si∶H cells is typically ∼6% the increased absorption due to a 12-layered ZnO inverted opal back-reflector represents a potential increase in the relative efficiency of the a-Si∶H cell of more than 10% compared to the case in which the a-Si∶H cell is backed by a PM.


In the alkaline condition,sulfate as the basic solution,sodium tartrate and sodium citrate as complexing agent,Cu-Zn alloy coating on the surface of A3 steel and the effects of γ-APS as additive for coating were investigated.The microstructures of Cu-Zn alloy electroplated at different temperatures and current density and with additive γ-APS was studied by XRD.The shape and composition of Cu-Zn alloy electroplated for different plating times was studied by SEM and EDS.The results indicate that the most impact on the structure of Cu-Zn alloy is current density.Cu-Zn alloy was electroplated in optimum condition of 35 ℃,15 mA/cm2 and 8 mins,the brass coating were uniform grain size with mass ratio of Cu:Zn being 64:36.With adding γ-APS,the grain become more uniform and dense and appear golden.


In Europe, since the application of the European Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD), energy requirements have been ever stronger, leading the construction industry to design buildings whose energy consumption is continuously reduced. Nevertheless, no large-scale experience feedbacks on the occupants' satisfaction of high efficient residential buildings are available in Wallonia. Therefore, the first MEASURE project objective is the evaluation of occupants' satisfaction in high energy performance dwellings by the use of a questionnaire. This questionnaire, divided in several parts, covers a technical description of the building and its systems, a global appreciation of the building in terms of respiratory, thermal, acoustic and luminous comfort and a detailed evaluation of the occupants' satisfaction. The responses should permit to identify attention points and improvements required to achieve a comfortable environment for occupants and increase the effectiveness of energy performance. This paper focuses on the methodological approach used to establish a questionnaire adapted to the evaluation of the occupants' satisfaction in high energy performance dwellings. It describes the different stages of the questionnaire realisation: the identification of dependent and independent notions to study as well as indicators defining each notion, the focus-group step and the test of the


A new species of spider mite, Tetranychus algarrobus n. sp., is described and illustrated from Peru. It was found damaging the foliage of the native forest tree Neltuma piurensis (Fabaceae) in Piura, northwestern Peru.


The present invention provides a process for producing trans-L-hydroxyproline, which comprises culturing a microorganism which is capable of decomposing amino acids other than trans-L-hydroxyproline but which is substantially incapable of decomposing trans-L-hydrox yproline in a culture medium containing collagen hy drolyzate, and recovering trans-L-hydroxyproline from the resulting culture. The process enhances the content of trans-L-hydroxy proline based on the total weight of amino acids con tained in collagen hydrolyzate, and enables efficient production of trans-L-hydroxyproline which is useful as a starting material for the synthesis of medicines.


Summary
A close physiological relationship between some ericaceous plants, Rhododendron sp. and Pieris japonica, and a member of the genus Clavaria is indicated by radioisotope translocation studies. [14C] photosynthate from host leaves was detected in Clavaria fruiting bodies and 25P applied to Clavaria fruiting bodies was detected in plant roots. Possible transfer mechanisms, including that of a mycorrhizal association, are discussed.


Code parallelizers are employed these days to reduce the efforts needed in manually parallelizing sequential code. But they are ineffective when it comes to handling programming constructs like pointers. Code parallelizers like Par4all have a limited support for pointers while approaches like the ASET + BONES cannot handle pointers at all. In this thesis we have developed a pointer analysis infrastructure to enable pointer support for the ASET + BONES approach. Our pointer analysis infrastructure is based upon LLVM's compiler infrastructure and relies on an indigenously developed flow insensitive, context sensitive analysis pass called ex-ptrinfo. The pass is designed to perform static analysis of source code and extract required pointer analysis information regarding pointer constructs that have been employed for performing memory accesses in PAINt and the Data Path algorithms. Our results show that the developed pointer analysis infrastructure can correctly identify such pointer constructs and extracts the required pointer analysis information which can be used for parallelizing the PAINt and the Data Path algorithms with the ASET + BONES approach. At the moment the ASET + BONES approach is under development and has several limitations. In future we intend to overcome these limitations and apply the ASET + BONES approach for parallelizing real world code. 1PAINt and the Data Path algorithms are proprietary algorithms developed at Oce


This research is motivated by the lack of interest and the interest of students towards mathematics during the learning process and the lack of investment in the character of the learning process in primary schools, especially in the textbook. This study aims to develop a learning model of education through the medium of e-learning in the form of comic medium, resulting in a viable learning medium and effectively used during the learning takes place, as well as character education learning model suitable primary school children. Type of research is research Research and Development. This research was conducted in two phases. The first phase to generate an e-Comik attractive and increase its motivation and the second phase to test the effectiveness of the product through test trials with experimental design Posttest-Only Control Design. Before tested in the field, the media e-comic-based character education is first tested the validation by experts and the media matter experts then performed students in field trials. In Average - The average results of the validation matter experts and the media more than 90% with both criteria, then continued validation of a questionnaire respondents kontruks students. So the media and learning model is valid for a piloted.


Liver transplantation is now accepted as an effective therapeutic modality for a variety of end-stage acute and chronic liver diseases for which no other satisfactory therapy is available. Advances in immunosuppression, surgical technique, anesthesia and postoperative management have led to more patients benefiting from available organs and a significant increase in survival rates. Currently patients undergoing liver transplantation can anticipate a 1and 10-year survival of 83% and 65%, respectively. 1 The overall goals of liver transplantation are to prolong life and to improve the quality of life. The selection of appropriate patients and determination of the timing of transplantation, especially in the context of patients dying on the waiting list, is very important. Most transplant centres now have established guidelines for selecting candidates for liver transplantation and there are now minimal listing criteria for liver transplantation adopted by transplant professionals and UNOS. 2 The success of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) has led to an increasing number of patients being listed for transplantation. The reality of patients dying while awaiting transplantation has driven the need to produce more grafts, leading to the development of split liver transplantation, 3,4


Introduction: This cross-sectional study aimed to determine how the choice of nutritional screening tool and malnutrition diagnosis influences the potential hospital reimbursement for patients admitted to an internal medicine ward. Methods: A consecutive sampling from all admitted patients in the internal medicine ward was collected. Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment Short Form (PG-SGA SF) and Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS 2002) were used to screen for malnutrition, and PG-SGA was used to assess for malnutrition in all participants. For each malnourished patient, medical coders performed two simulations of the calculus of Diagnosis-Related Group (DRG) code, Severity of Illness (SOI), and Risk of Mortality (ROM) levels with and without malnutrition diagnosis, to obtain Relative Weight (RW) and Hospital Costs (HC). Differences in RW and HC were calculated and extrapolated to obtain the unclaimed potential hospital reimbursement. Results: Of the 132 included patients, 69.7% were malnourished. From the subsample of 71 coded patients, 89% were at risk according to PG-SGA SF, of these, 75% were malnourished. Based on NRS 2002, 75% of patients were at risk, of which 83% were malnourished. With the inclusion of malnutrition diagnosis in the coding of malnourished patients, HC increased € 31K and € 26K for patients identified as at risk by PG-SGA SF and NRS 2002, respectively. After extrapolation for the annual HC, these could reach € 1.2M. Conclusion: Regardless of the nutritional screening tool used, the inclusion of malnutrition diagnosis in medical records increases HC, with the potential to improve hospital reimbursement.


The direct deprotonation of the chiral nitrogen ligands (R,R)-TECDA (2) and (R,R)-TEMCDA (6) with tert-butyllithium to highly reactive building blocks is reported. The regioselectivity of the lithiation reactions can be explained by the isolated precoordinated intermediates such as tBuLi·(R,R)-TECDA in combination with computational studies.


SYNOPSIS Aquifer Thermal Energy storage (ATES) is a relatively new energy conserving technology which enables subsurface seasonal storage of freely available cold of winters and heat ~f summers ford:e-us~ in the 0 osite season. Thermal energy is stored in aquifers, groundwater ~erv~n~ as th~ me ~um o energy t~~nsfer. This case history describes an ATES install~tion for an off1ce b~~lding 1n Ontario: Groundwater from a 10 m thick sandy aquifer at the 60 m depth ~s pumped from one pa1r of wells and re injected, after extraction or addition of heat, into an opposing pair .of wells. AT~S technologyinoi onl conserves non-renewable oil and coal based energy resources used ~n the pro~uct~on of electr ca ene~gy, but also minimizes atmospheric pollution from thermal power plant em1~s~ons. :he payback on investment is generally less than five years, for optimum weather and build~ng com~1nat1o~s: The chemical and environmental impacts of ATES, however, must be fully unders~ood, 1n add~t~on to geothermal and hydrogeological aspects, to ensure a successful and cost-effect1ve application.


Main mineralized factors for Kalin-type gold deposit occurred in Lanping-Simao Mineralized Zone are discussed in the paper.By summing up,it said mineralized conditions of fine-particle impregnated(Kalin-type)gold deposit are good for source-bed formation of gold and other high-content minerals,and also provide a mineralized encirclement condition for high-permeable ore-bearing rocks.


The preparations of bis(acetylacetonato)iron(II), Fe aca2; bis(trifluoroacetylacetonato)iron(II), Fe tfa2; bis(hexafluoroacetylacetonato)iron(II), Fe hfa2; and bis(2,2,6,6- tetramethylheptane-3,5-dionato)iron(II), Fe dpm2, are described. Cryoscopic and ebullioscopic molecular weight measurements show that these complexes are monomeric in dilute benzene solutions. Fe aca2 approaches a hexamer at 5° in concentrated benzene solutions, with Fe tfa2 and Fe hfa2 having maximum polymerization numbers of 1.63 and 1.5 respectively. Visible absorption spectra support the molecular weight data. Powder photographs show that Fe dpm2 is a tetrahedral monomer and that Fe tfa2 and Fe hfa2 are isomorphous.


OF THE DISCLOSURE Control apparatus for rendering the value of an in stallation operating criterion extremal by acting on at least one regulating quantity of the installation, comprises a device for continuously producing a pilot signal whose value is a linear function of at least one of three quanti ties, namely the instantaneous value of the criterion and its first derivative in time and its second derivative in time, the signal being compared with a plurality of reference sgnals so as to trigger off a searching cycle at predeter mined time intervals and when the amplitude of said pilot signal reaches either a first predetermined, positive, boundary value or a second predetermined, negative, boundary value to find the optimal value of the regulating quantity which corresponds to the extremal value of the criterion.


The article is devoted to the work of the factories in 1941-1945 in the evacuation. The author analyzes the living conditions of workers in evacuated aviation plants, their daily life, maintenance, etc. The author concludes that in the early years of the War the conditions of life of the aviation industry's workers were very difficult, and the welfare and financial situation improved in 1944, the sure sign of fracture in the Second world war.


This article analyzes three high-profile lawsuits brought by former National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) student-athletes Ed O'Bannon (O'Bannon v. NCAA, Collegiate Licensing Committee (CLC) and Electronic Arts Incorporated (EA); Sam Keller (Keller v. NCAA, CLC, and EA; and Ryan Hart (Hart v. EA). The central question raised by all three cases: does the "likeness" (personal attributes) displayed of the former student-athletes in the NCAA College Football video game (Keller and Hart) and the NCAA College Basketball video game (O'Bannon) without the former collegiate players' consent, violate their right of publicity? This article discusses how courts have interpreted and developed the violation of the right of publicity tort, and presents a general overview and legal analysis of the three relevant cases. A secondary issue presented in O'Bannon is how the courts will interpret the vague and ambiguous language used in the standard agreement (Student-Athlete Statement Division I Form 08-3a Section IV) that, according to the NCAA, perpetually relinquishes the rights of student-athletes. Whichever way the courts decide, the decision will forever affect the way the NCAA conducts its commercial business.


ute, or local policy (whichever may be required) to create a "Parent Educa tional Responsibility Act" (PERA) , which would clearly delineate the commitment and responsibilities of parents in the education of their children and spell out the commit ments and responsibilities of the school in the education of their children; and, (3) to use technology as the catalyst for restructuring the schools. The authors state that ·�eri can education is wobbling down Elec tronic Avenue in an oxcart." Their strategy would use technology as the major vehicle in bringing education to its full potential . To the authors' credit, they include ideas for funding and implementing each of their strategies. They also pro vide a sample of a memorandum of understanding between the school system and parents and outline the spe cific responsibilities of both parents and the school . However, they fail to address the curriculum itself. By their omission they leave the impression that the cur rent curriculum is appropriate for the students who will be entering the 21st century. They do emphasize that the way in which students are taught must be changed and updated, but they do not challenge the curriculum that has been in existence for generations. Is it appropriate for schools to be teaching English, math, science and social stud ies as opposed to the option of teaching interdisciplinary categories such as law, government and politics, business, industry and economics, communica tions, and life and environmental sci ences? It is clear that simply improving what is currently being taught in our schools will only increase the rate of learning an outdated, obsolete curricu lum. The authors openly support the goals of ·�erica 2000: An American Education Strategy" as designed by President Bush and Education Secre tary Lamar Alexander. They question whether these goals will actually be met by the year 2000 , but do not ques tion the goals themselves. Instead, they use ·�erica 2000" as a stepping stone to set up their own strategies for re forming education. No mention is made of the underlying assumptions behind the goals and whether they are worthy of national focus for our education system. The ·�erica 2000" goals are based on external assessments of national paper and pencil tests rather than assessing how students relate to the "real" world around them, their problem-solving capacity for living in a democratic society, and their abilities to influence their environment to make it better. Unfortunately, the authors have accepted the "America 2000" goals without question as if to be fol lowing the traditional Reagan/Bush party line. Considerable attention is given to the topic of motivation. The authors in troduce several different approaches for raising the motivation level in stu dents such as increasing the impor tance of academic achievement in society, interscholastic academic com petitions, increased media coverage of academic competitions, the national curriculum, and national assessments. Their point is that the message we send students, both overtly and covertly, is that academic achievement isn't really very important. No one can really ar gue with that. However, will extrinsic motivators centered around competi tions and published results really im prove the motivation level of our stu dents? The authors cite the "athletic model" as a basis for academic com petitions, and go on to claim that these competitions will not create an aca demic elite. But it is interesting to note that as successful as the athletic model may appear to be, the average Ameri can student is in the worst physical shape in our nation's history. The authors present sound ideas with respect to the use of technology in education . They acknowledge the mas s ive undertaking it will be to equip schools properly, train students and staff, and implement a comprehensive system of technological innovations as the centerpiece of the instructional program. They present a series of recommendations that will transform schools so that technology would become the "driving force" behind what students and teachers do in the classroom. Their ideas would radically alter the nature of the school and the way in which students, teachers, ad ministrators, and parents interact on a daily basis. However, the authors do not address the institutionalization of existing methodologies and textbooks as the driving force in schools. Text book companies present a formidable lobby block. How will our schools deal with these companies who have billions of dollars invested in making sure that the system does not change? Will these companies voluntarily scrap their investment in textbooks and begin producing the kinds of software that would be needed to support the tech nology required? Will teachers readily give up their precious textbooks and embrace the machine as the instruc tional mode of choice? I think not! But, I do agree with the authors, the alter native is to remain on a course of dis aster. How to Shape Up Our Nation's Schools presents some outstanding ideas for involving parents in the education of their children and on the modernization of education through state-of-the-art technology. It provides readers with practical implementation tips and addresses some aspects of funding for the technology update. It is a contribution for these reasons alone. I have no doubt that if the motivation of students was increased, if parents were more involved in and committed to the education of their children, and if tech nology applications in schools caught up with the potential that exists, our schools would truly be revolutionized.


Poster: "ECR 2014 / C-0777 / Ultrasound of the Elbow with Emphasis on Detailed Assessment of Complex Structures; Technique and Anatomical Correlation" by: "M. Antic, K. Moshirian Ghodduci, E. Cattrysse, M. Shahabpour, J. de Mey, M. De Maeseneer; Brussels/BE"


By obtaining spectra of 33 09-B2 near-main-sequence stars, and by calculating a grid of theoretical stellar atmospheres, I have determined the fundamental properties and have examined mass loss in a select sample of stars. Most stars are cluster members and are photometrically constant; all are single stars and none exhibit emission lines. The optical observations were made with the coudé spectrograph at the 2.1-m and coudé feed telescopes at Kitt Peak National Observatory; the data have a signal-to-noise ratio of around 100 and resolutions ranging from 0.11Â to 0.5 Â. High-dispersion ultraviolet observations were made with the IUE satellite; additional data were obtained from the IUE archives. I determined effective temperatures, surface gravities, and projected rotational velocities in the program stars by comparing selected lines of H, He I, and Mg n with a grid of models calculated with a non-LTE, line-blanketed code (Anderson 1985, 1989). I updated the code to include bound-bound and bound-free transitions of H, He I and il, C il-m, N ii-iv, O ii-iv, and Mg il. I developed a method of opacity sampling to attempt to account for blanketing due to the elements with atomic numbers 21-28. I characterized mass loss by a parameter describing the asymmetry of the C iv doublet (1548 Â, 1550 A). Roughly half the program stars show evidence of a wind—winds appear to "switch on" at around 26,000-27,000 K at a log g of 4, where the equivalent width of the model C iv doublet is 2.5 A-3 A. The degree asymmetry of the C iv doublet shows a clear monotonie increase with temperature; it also shows a monotonie trend with luminosity. No abundance anomalies (apart from those previously known) in He, N, and C are apparent.


UNIVERSITY O F CALIFORNIA A T B E R K E L E Y Department of Economics Berkeley, CaUfornia 94720-3880 Working Paper No. 95-235 Edgeworth's Conjecture With Infinitely Many Commodities Robert M . Anderson and William R. Zame May 1995 Key words: core convergence, approximate decentralization, infinite dimensional commodity spaces, Shapley-Folkman theorem JEL Classification: D41, D51 We are indebted to the U C L A Academic Senate Committee on Research, the National Science Foundation and the Deutscheforschungsgemeinschaft, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Forderpreis for financial support. Earlier drafts of this paper were circulated under the title Core Convergence from A to Z , but some colleagues objected to the title, apparently because they had no sense of humor. Each author blames the other for all errors. M


Abstract : The final report addresses advances in anthropometric and physical conditioning that will improve physical fitness and orthostatic tolerance related to improvement in handling high sustained G (HGS) stress. Topics include: (1) Man, exercise and orthostasis, (2) Animal model response to HGS; and Man, thermal stress and physical performance. Five years of work are condensed in the report.


Digitizer accomplishes both N bit pulse code modulation /PCM/ and delta modulation, and provides modulation indicating variable signal gain and variable sidetone. Other features include - low package count, variable clock rate to optimize bandwidth, and easily expanded PCM output.


The extensive research effort in the development of high-Tc superconducting (HTSC) class-II (Bi,Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox+io (Bi(Pb)-2223) coils, and magnets, through processing optimization, and characterization of silver, and silver-alloy composite tapes, has been conducted at the Center for Superconducting and Electronic Materials (part of the Institute of Materials Technology and Manufacturing), Department of Materials Engineering, University of Wollongong. Studies leading up to the production of Bi(Pb)-2223 class-II coils, and magnets include the following investigations in materials processing, and science of Bi(Pb)-2223 composite tapes:The processing of Bi(Pb)-2223 short, and long length composite tapes (from the standard procedure of PIT, to the conventional method of CTFF, and the novel format of W I T , or wire-in-tube), and the characterization on their physical, chemical, electrical, and magnetic properties by means of measurements implemented techniques include; Vickers microhardness tests (HyT), particle size analysis (PSA), Xray diffraction (XRD), differential thermal and thermo-gravimetric analysis (DTA/TG), scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectrometry (SEM/EDS), electrical transport, ac-susceptibility, and the S Q U I D (superconducting quantum interference device) magnetometry. The effect of powder packing density, using the conventional method of powder-intube (PIT) by various means, on the transport critical current density, Jc, mechanical properties, and high-Tc phase (2223) formation of Bi(Pb)-2223 single filamentary (SF) superconducting tapes higher initial packing density of PIT monocore short tapes has been found to give higher Jc values, as well as higher rate of 2223 formation, while lower initial packing density samples gave better mechanical performance. Critical strains for bend tests showed a dependence on the core thickness, and silver/oxide volume ratio.


UIST is a premier forum for innovations in the software and hardware of human-computer interfaces. The UIST demo program enables attendees to experience firsthand the most interesting next-generation user interface technologies. The UIST 2013 demo program featured technologies ranging from energy-harvesting interactive paper to pneumatically actuated materials, providing attendees a vivid preview of some of the interactive systems that might shape our daily lives in the future. ---Per Ola Kristensson and T. Scott Saponas, UIST 2013 Demo Chairs


3D reconstruction based on high-level features, such as line and plane, is a significant development trend in Digital Photogrammetry and Computer Vision. Moreover how to rapidly realize 3D visualization of street landscape is very important for cyber city's 3D modeling. In order to improve efficiency of street 3D visualization and reduce human-computer interaction, a scheme with high feasible and high automatic approach to auto-reconstruct 3D street elevation is presented by means of line matching, solving orientation elements by vanishing point, auto-rectifying and auto-mosaiking large obliquity-angle close-range sequential images, auto-recognizing concavo-convex edge of street elevation. Our approach for 3D-reconstruction bases on the feature of line and plane, which is also independent of model parameter, vectogram or assistant of space point cloud. Experimental results prove that reconstructed 3D modeling is correctness, effectiveness and feasibleness by our method, which has high degree of automation and should be able to meet the need of rapidly visualizing 3D street elevation landscape.


A new adaptive α-β tracking filter algorithm for maneuvering target tracking was proposed in Aperiodic Sparseness Sampling Environment.Firstly,according to the principle of the Minimum Mean Square Error(MS),the optimal parameter design method was derived.Secondly,the characteristic of the measurement information of the passive sensors was analyzed,a new design method of the tracking index based on the time interval and the target velocity was proposed.Finally,the parameters of the adaptive α-β tracking filter were defined.The experiment results show that the proposed algorithm results in more accurate tracking than the existing one,and can be applied for maneuvering target tracking.


Efforts centered on cross-calibrating the Solar Maximum Mission (SMM) HXRBS detector with the Venera 13/14 cosmic ray burst detectors. The event was divided into six time intervals, and the best fitting SMM and Venera 13 spectra were calculated for each interval, using the individual fitting routines for the two instruments. The results are presented and discussed.


Dating past events using genetic evidence remains one of the holy grails of molecular anthropology (Ho et al. 2014b). Accurate estimation of the relative and absolute timing of past events and processes is crucial if they are to be placed in their appropriate anthropological context, as framed by archeology and linguistics. However, dating is more than just pinning times on events (Ho and Duchêne 2014). Uncertainty in genetic dating can lead to real contention about how we interpret human history. As just one key example, it is still surprisingly unclear when our species first left Africa. The out‐of‐Africa expansion is generally considered to have occurred around 50 kya (kya = thousand years ago), but mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) evidence has variously been used to support this date (Underhill and Kivisild 2007) or the much earlier time of 75 kya (Petraglia et al. 2007). This has important implications for how lithic assemblies outside Africa are interpreted. For instance, the Jwalapuram lithics of southern India span the ash layer laid down by the Toba eruption and are therefore securely dated to 74 kya. But who made them? Depending on the dating of the out‐of‐Africa expansion, this lithic assemblage might reflect (i) the first movements of modern humans out of Africa, (ii) an early expansion of modern humans that turned out to be an evolutionary dead end, or (iii) one of the many archaic hominin groups that are now known to have populated Eurasia over much of the last million years. Dates matter, and uncertainty in dating is preventing us from answering fundamental questions about our history. Calibrating the Clock


Abstract : The objective of this investigation is to study deformation and failure of brittle-matrix composite materials. Unidirectional and crossply continuous-fiber ceramic-matrix composites were investigated under uniaxial loading. Failure mechanisms and their development were studied in real time under the microscope and also by means of ultrasonic and acoustic emission techniques. All observations and measurements were correlated with the macroscopic stress-strain behavior of the material and compared with predictions of analytical models. A new model was developed for correlation of failure micromechanisms and macroscopic response of the material.


The subsonic flow field was numerically simulated around several High Speed Research Reference H configurations at various pitch and yaw angles. A sequence of structured-viscous grids were generated; the first grid modeled the wing-body high-lift geometry, and the second grid incorporated the nacelles and the horizontal tail. The third grid modeled the full-span geometry for sideslip calculations, and was obtained by mirroring a coarser version of the second grid. The CFL3D code, a Reynolds averaged, thin-layer Navier-Stokes flow solver for structural grids, was used for the flow solver and modeled the free-air Reference H high-lift configuration at wind tunnel conditions of Mach number 0.24 and Reynolds number of 1.4 x 10(exp 5) per in. Pitch sweeps were performed at angles of attack from 6 deg to 15 deg. Sideslip angle sweeps at 0 deg <= Beta <= +18 deg were performed at an angle of attack of 8 deg. The lateral and longitudinal performance characteristics were well predicted and very good force and moment comparisons were obtained. A very complex multiple vortical system develops at the higher angles of attack, and detailed postprocessing of the solutions provided a comprehensive three-dimensional understanding of the flow which helps to correlate and interpret the wind tunnel data.


New therapeutic strategies to modulate the immune response of human and equine allergic asthma are still under extensive investigation. Immunomodulating agents stimulating T‐regulatory cells offer new treatment options beyond conventional symptomatic treatment or specific immunotherapy for human and equine allergic airway diseases, with the goal of a homoeostatic T‐helper cell balance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a nebulized gelatin nanoparticle‐CpG formulation (CpG‐GNP) with and without specific allergens for the treatment of spontaneous allergic equine asthma as a model for human asthma.


In recent years, designing useful learning diagnosis systems has become a hot research topic. In order to help teachers and designers to create useful e-learning environment we tried to find an evaluation method that would evaluate an applications' usefulness and also its pedagogical abilities. Because one evaluator (typically a teacher, designer or planer) can hardly be an expert on all fields of science, a multidisciplinary evaluation framework has been created to help the evaluators to address the critical factors of quality of elearning. The purpose of this paper is to describe an evaluation system based on usability and pedagogical usability evaluation of e-learning. The evaluation framework and the prototype have been tested at the Department of Informatics at Ionian University, in the courses of Mathematical Modelling.


CAE, the Spanish Emergency Support Center, a centralized and shared emergency support service for Beyond Design Basis Events. The Spanish nuclear power generation industry proposed the development of an external Emergency Support Center as one of the measures to strengthen the Nuclear Safety and Emergency Preparedness and Response, consequence of the Stress-test developed after the Fukushima accident. Tecnatom, with UNESA coordination, has carried out the CAE Project, to define and establish a centralized service composed of intervention equipment and specialized personnel in the framework of an Emergency Support Center for all the Spanish NPPs. The emergency support service aims to strengthen the NPP emergency capabilities, by integrating with the response of plants. With this aim, is provided with: (a) The Intervention Equipment (water pumps and electrical generators, mobile and autonomous), in support of those who the NPPs have, providing additional cooling capacity and electrical power. (b) An Intervention Team, composed of specialized staff. (c) A Central Warehouse, shared by all Spanish NPPs. (d) Emergency Transport for the equipment (e) Development of procedures for Actuation, Operation, Maintenance as well as organizational procedures and documents. This service has successfully developed Pre-Operational test at each one of the Spanish nuclear power plants during the first months of year 2014. In these tests has been validated and verified the development of the different aspects that make up the Emergency Support Center service at every Spanish NPP, in four stages: (1) CAE mobilization, developing the response from the Activation (simulated) up to the deliver at each one of the Spanish NPP of the CAE Intervention Equipment and Personnel in less than 24h.,. (2) Deployment of equipment to its final location in the plant, defined for the test. (3) Checking the connections; testing that the electric and the hydraulic connectors are compatible with all NPPapos;s interfaces. (4) Functionality of equipment, operating them according to their procedures and with fulfilling the defined acceptance criteria. The CAE has proved in this way its capability to provide support to the Spanish NPPs, to strengthen their already strong characteristics in EPR, to face these new Beyond Design Basis Scenarios.


Abstract : This report summarizes studies of model oxidative and hydrolytic reactions for destruction of sulfides and phosphorus (V) compounds. Effects of micelles, solvents, and acid catalysts have been treated quantitatively.


Most research on peer victimization has focused on Western samples, but in recent years peer victimization in China has become more prevalent. As a result, limited information is available on how peer victimization, school climate, peer preference, and adjustment difficulties impact Chinese middle school students. This cross-sectional study explored these relations. With a sample of 734 7th and 8th-grade students (54.1% male, 45.8% female) from two middle schools in Beijing, China, findings revealed that peer victimization and peer preference predicted adjustment difficulties; however, school climate did not. Although peer preference was not a significant moderator of the association between peer victimization and adjustment difficulties, school climate significantly moderated the relation between relational peer victimization and adjustment difficulties. Limitations, future directions, and implications are further discussed.


High dietary calcium (Ca) can negatively influence growth performance and reduce phosphorus, protein and amino acid digestibility in broilers and pigs. In addition, high dietary Ca will precipitate with phytate at pH conditions within the small intestine. Previous research reported that high dietary Ca significantly reduced phytase efficacy through precipitation with or competition for binding sites on the phytate molecule. However, microbial phytases are active at pH ranges where phytate is soluble and hydrolyse phytate rapidly to reduce the likelihood of phytate precipitating with Ca, suggesting the effect of dietary Ca on the efficacy of these phytases may be reduced. Even with such phytases there may still be problems observed due to particularly high concentrations of dietary Ca, which can occur as a result of a reduction in Ca not being applied in the presence of a phytase and/or if Ca concentrations in the diet exceed expectations. For example, when total Ca was analysed in 795 broiler and pig diets, on average, there was 0.22% more Ca present than expected. This means that if a diet was formulated to contain 0.80% total Ca, the analysed value could be as high as 1.02%, almost 25% above the expected dietary Ca concentration. The discrepancy between the expected and analysed total Ca may have implications on chemical and physical properties within the gastrointestinal tract, dietary phytate solubility, nutrient digestibility and phytase efficacy. The present paper aims to highlight factors influencing the effect of Ca on phytase efficacy, encompassing the differences among published book values for total Ca content of ingredients, the difference between Ca sources and their affinity for phytate, and finally how these factors influence the Ca to P ratio and thus phytase efficacy.


Computer-assisted method for generating and / or calculating undiseno for a progressive spectacle lens by means of a transformation of a starting design, quecomprende: Establishment of a starting design comprising: Specifications for developing a main line HL (10); Specification and at least one target isoastigmatism -basic line IG (12,14) with a target astigmatism - basic constanteAG> = const, where the line of target isoastigmatism - basic IG pasapor at least one first control point T; > = (u "and,) (16 - 24), starting, comprising the steps: Transformation design Moving the first control point T,> = (u" and,) - + rr ;. (U ' "and') along a specified or specifiable curve where the displacement of the first puntode guide T;> = (u" and,) is carried out taking into account specific design data and / or delcristal user frame; Modification IG - + r G travel line target isoastigmatism - basic IG (12, 14) so that it passes through the first control point rr ;. (U ' "and') offset, and generation or calculation of a distribution of a target astigmatism A (u, y) that this line target isoastigmatism - basic r G, where x is the horizontal coordinate.