I: Production Planning and Control.- 1. Constitutive Aspects.- A Theoretical Basis for the Rational Formation of Production Planning and Control (PPC) Systems.- Comparison of Two Production Logistics Concepts.- Multi-Period Production Planning and Managerial Accounting.- Flexibility of Production Control Systems.- A Quantitative Measure for Flexibility.- Applications of Operations Research in Hierarchical Production Planning.- 2. Aspects and Elements of Production Planning and Control (PPC)-Systems.- Hierarchical Approach to Production Planning and Scheduling: The Case of a Mosaic Tile Plant.- Operational Control of Automated PCB Assembly lines.- A Framework for Developing Production Control Systems: A Case in Coffee Roasting/Distributing.- The Impact of Forecast Errors in Multistage Production Systems.- Integrated Manufacturing Planning.- Alternatives for MRP.- A Widely Acclaimed Method of Load-Oriented Job Release and its Conceptual Deficiencies.- 3. Just-in-Time (JIT).- JIT in a Low Volume, Hi-Tech Production Environment.- A Study of JIT Application under Stochastic Demand and Supply Arrival.- A Comprehensive Study of Quality Management Practices in JIT and Non-JIT Firms.- Trade-off between Production and Inventory Costs with Respect to a Given Demand Situation.- 4. Inventory Problems.- Combined Optimization of Safety Stocks and Processing Lead Times in Multi-Stage Production Systems.- On the Commonality Problem in Multi-Stage Inventory Control Systems.- Effect of the Standardization of the Hierarchy Parts Structure of a Product (SHPSP) on Production Ordering and Inventory Levels.- A Stochastic Model for In-Process Inventory.- An Inventory Model with Lateral Transshipments.- 5. Scheduling Problems.- A Flexible Decision Support Framework for Production Scheduling.- The Leitstand - A New Tool for Decentral Production Control.- Scheduling with Alternative Process Plans.- Scheduling and Resource Allocation Problems in Some Flow Type Manufacturing Processes.- Intelligent Control of Flexible Manufacturing Systems.- Event Graphs for Modeling and Evaluating Modern Production Systems.- Scheduling a Work Conserving Queue with Deadlines: Minimizing the Cost of Getting the Work Done on Time.- Analytical and Simulation Techniques Used to Gain Insight into Multi Product Machine Shop Control.- II: Production as a Competitive Weapon.- 6. General Concepts.- World Class Manufacturing in the 1990s: Integrating JIT, TQC, FA, and TPM with Worker Participation.- Time-Based Competition: Speeding New Product Development.- Concurrent Life-Cycle Engineering for the Optimization of Products, Systems, and Structures.- 7. Designing New Production Systems.- Strategic Formation of Manufacturing Cells.- Scale, Scope or Division of Labour: Coping with Volume, Variety and Variability in Manufacturing.- Performance Evaluation of Flexible Manufacturing Systems with Starving.- Non Delay - Revisited.- A Heuristic Approach to FMS Process Planning.- A Review of Research on AGVS Vehicle Management.- Flexible Assembly and Shortest Queue Problems.- A Quantitative Model for the Analysis of Distribution Network Scenario's.- 8. Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM).- Systematic Development and Implementation of CIM Systems.- New Approaches to CIM Specification.- New Looks on CIMS Modelling.- Design of Interfactory Computer Network Interconnection.- List of Contributors.- List of Sponsors.


A rare case of gastrointestinal hemorrhage due to rupture of a pseudoaneurysm into the pancreatic duct in a patient with undifferentiated carcinoma of the pancreas is described. The diagnosis was made by recognizing bleeding from the papilla of Vater at duodenoscopy and was corroborated by the findings of selective angiography and CT scanning. Review of the previously reported cases was also performed, and the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of hemosuccus pancreaticus are discussed in relation to the present case.


After he had rejected much of the Tractatus, Wittgenstein, upon at least one occasion, still "thought that in the Tractatus he had provided a perfected account of a view that is the only alternative to the viewpoint of his later work"—a perfected account: that is to say (at least) a well-knit, coherent one. It seems to me that this merit must be denied the whole account presented in the Tractatus and I would like to explain why. The Tractatus holds that every true or false proposition is analyzable as a truth-functional compound of elementary propositions. It further holds that elementary propositions are completely independent of one another. "The simplest kind of proposition, an elementary proposition, asserts the existence of a state of affairs" (4.21).


The purpose of this paper is to show through particular examples how group theory is used in music. The examples are chosen from the theoretical work and from the compositions of Olivier Messiaen (1908-1992), one of the most influential twentieth century composers and pedagogues. Messiaen consciously used mathematical concepts derived from symmetry and groups, in his teaching and in his compositions. Before dwelling on this, I will give a quick overview of the relation between mathematics and music. This will put the discussion on symmetry and group theory in music in a broader context and it will provide the reader of this handbook some background and some motivation for the subject. The relation between mathematics and music, during more than two millennia, was lively, widespread, and extremely enriching for both domains.


Poverty is a composite the economics and society issue;and the problem of poverty in developing countries is particularly prominent.Because China is a great developing country in the world,the matter of poverty is a major issue to which the party and the government have attached great importance.National-level poor counties in Hebei province,with its unique geographical and climate and other natural conditions,have extremely alarming number.The basic situation and causes of poverty in rural areas of Hebei province were analyzed;and poverty reduction strategy were presented.


Spinel-based hydroxyapatite composite (SHC) has been synthesized utilizing bovine bones as the source of the hydroxyapatite (HAp) and beverage cans as the aluminum (Al) source. The bovine bones were defatted and calcined in the air atmosphere to transform them into hydroxyapatite. The beverage cans were cut and milled to obtain fine Al powder and then sieved to obtain three different particle mesh size fractions: +100#, −140# + 170#, and −170#, or Al particle size of >150, 90–150, and <90 µm, respectively. The SHC was synthesized using the self-propagating intermediate-temperature synthesis (SIS) method at 900 °C for 2 h with (HAp:Al:Mg) ratio of (87:10:3 wt.%) and various compaction pressure of 100, 171, and 200 MPa. It was found that the mechanical properties of the SHC are influenced by the Al particle size and the compaction pressure. Smaller particle size produces the tendency of increasing the hardness and reducing the porosity of the composite. Meanwhile, increasing compaction pressure produces a reduction of the SHC porosity. The increase in the hardness is also observed by increasing the compaction pressure except for the smallest Al particle size (<90 µm), where the hardness instead becomes smaller.


Rozanolixizumab is a fully humanized high‐affinity anti‐human neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) monoclonal antibody (mAb) that accelerates the removal of circulating immunoglobulin G (IgG), including pathogenic IgG autoantibodies, via the natural lysosomal degradation pathway. The aim of this study was to develop a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model characterizing the effect of rozanolixizumab on IgG levels in cynomolgus monkeys, translate it into humans to support the first‐in‐human (FIH) rozanolixizumab clinical trial study design, and, ultimately, develop a PK/PD model in humans. Simulations from the preclinical model were performed to predict IgG responses in humans and select clinically relevant doses in the FIH study. Good alignment was observed between predicted and observed reductions in IgG, which increased with increasing dose in the FIH study. The model successfully described the PK of the 4 and 7 mg/kg intravenous (i.v.) dose groups, although the PKs were underpredicted for the 1 mg/kg i.v. dose group. Updating the model with subsequent human data identified parameters that deviated from preclinical assumptions. The updated PK/PD model was able to effectively characterize the PK FcRn‐IgG nonlinear system in response to rozanolixizumab in the FIH data.


A new methods for preparing titanocene dihalides from (C 5H 5) 2Ti(OC 6H 5) 2 with HX(X=F,Br,Cl,I) are reported.The operation of reaction is simple and convenient,getting reagent is easy and the reaction condition is mild and the yield is higher.Otherwise,an improved synthesis method of (C 5H 5) 2TiCl 2 and (C 5H 5) 2Ti(OC 6H 5) 2 are reported.It made reaction time to shorten and yield increased,up to 64%~89%。


With the aim to stimulate interdisciplinary collaboration in product and service development, it has been highly encouraged to integrate the creativity and imagination of design with the rigor and logic of engineering. From this point of view, active interactions between designers and engineers through sustainable networks would be of great importance and might pave the way for further success. Under this background, the series of Design Engineering Workshop was initiated in 2000 and then gradually grew into an international conference among Asian countries in 2012. This special issue comprises six papers selected from the 42 technical papers presented in ADEWS (Asia Design Engineering Workshop) 2014 held during 20–22 November 2014 in Taipei, Taiwan, which was organized by National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan and Asia Chapter of the Design Society. Authors were invited to submit extended papers of their works for the consideration of publication in this special issue. Through the two or three rounds of peer review, each submission was reviewed by two reviewers and the guest editor, so as to meet the standards and requirements of the Journal of Industrial and Production Engineering. In general, the six original papers demonstrate insightful results of practical applications and state-of-the-art research work in the field of design engineering. In product development, system modeling and simulation are crucial to help interpret the complex behaviors. However, it was rarely covered from the designers' perspective. To respond to this issue, Komoto, Kondo, Masui, and Tezuka introduced a semi-automated procedure in "A State Reduction Approach to Interpretation of System Behavior Based on System Simulation" to support designers to validate a product model on the basis of system simulation. This procedure reduces the dynamic state of a system by clustering the behavior of system components in terms of their parameters at discrete time intervals. It also generates the overall system behavior by computing clustering patterns as well as its transitions and identity relations across intervals in the entire simulation period. In further studies, causal relations in the entire model behavior need to be identified based on the presented procedure. During the process of collaborative design, a common understanding and good communication among designers are of great importance. In "Multi-Domain DSM Method for Design Process Management of Complex System," Nomaguchi, Saito, and Fujita proposed a multi-domain design structure matrix (DSM) method expanding a conventional DSM to coordinate differences among designers' understandings about dependency of system components. Assuming that a designer describes dependency based on his/her expertise, the proposed method helps define the reliability of dependency description according to the degree of designer's expertise of the corresponding system components. The authors further conducted a case study of the design of an industrial robot, demonstrating how a design manager would be able to make the decision among alternative design processes by referring to the reliable description based on such an MDDSM method. As environmental protection has become an integral part of corporate social responsibility, more and more companies pay attention to it and seriously consider carbon footprints (CF) created during the manufacturing processes. In "Dynamics of Carbon Footprints at the Manufacturing Stage" by Chung and Tu, two case studies were conducted in a power plant and a photovoltaic module plant by comparing the CF difference over various time spans to investigate the influence of CF averaging over different time spans on CF estimation. They found that the fluctuation of the CF over time was significant, and the short time spans for the calculation of CF averaging might have positive influences on CF estimation. In the future, more cases from industries will provide better evidence of the universality of the dynamics of CFs. In the early stage of product development, simulations using digital human models obtained from 3D scanning data can provide much assistance and hence become more and more popular. In order to enhance the accuracy of this task, a good practice was presented in "An Efficient Procedure for Locating Joint Centers on 3D Scanned Human Models: Using Hip Joint Centers as an Example" by Lo, Chiou, and Chou. The proposed method can help riggers or animators build an articulated linkage in a more reliable and accurate manner. The promising results indicated the possibility of building skeletal structures with 3D body scanning, as long as the method can be successfully applied to other joint centers. In addition, by integrating the proposed method with the technique of skin deformation, a holistic solution to scanning automation will thus be available. Considering the efficacy of rehabilitation, the differences among rehabilitation techniques or approaches are of great interest. In response to this, in "Study of MultiSensory Stimulation for the Design of Hand Rehabilitation Equipment for Stroke Patients," Hung, Lai, and Shih


The Bay Bridge connects the cities of Oakland and San Francisco by spanning San Francisco Bay. The western abutment of the east span of the bridge is founded on Yerba Buena Island. This paper discusses the site characterization and slope stability evaluation of the western abutment, conducted as part of the retrofit study. The bedrock in the Bay area is Jurassic to Cretaceous age rock of the Franciscan assemblage. The two main structural features in this area are the San Andreas fault to the west and the Hayward fault to the east. There have been a number of large historic earthquakes on both the San Andreas and Hayward faults. The laboratory testing for this investigation concentrated on the rock since its shear strength controls slope stability on the island. Shear strength parameters were estimated with point load tests, unconfined compression tests, direct shear tests, and density tests performed on representative rock samples. The soil shear strength parameters were obtained from extensive testing performed for the foundation investigation for the retrofit. Kinematic analyses were performed to determine what types of failures are possible in this area. Limit equilibrium analyses were also conducted to analyze potential slip surfaces under pseudostatic earthquake loads.


Humans spend more than 90% of their day in buildings, where their health and productivity are demonstrably linked to thermal comfort. Building thermal comfort systems account for the largest share of U.S energy consumption. Despite this high-energy cost, due to building design complexity and the variety of building occupant needs, addressing thermal comfort in buildings remains a difficult problem. To overcome this challenge, this paper presents an Internet of Things (IoT) approach to efficiently model and control comfort in buildings. In the model phase, a method to access and exploit wearable device data to build a personal thermal comfort model has been presented. Various supervised machine-learning algorithms are evaluated to produce accurate personal thermal comfort models for each building occupant that exhibit superior performance compared to a general model for all occupants. The developed comfort models were used to simulate an intelligent comfort controller that uses the particle swarm optimization(PSO) method to search for optimal control parameter values to achieve maximum comfort. Finally, a framework for experimental validation of the new proposed comfort controller that interactively works with the HVAC element has been introduced.


Stevenage was established as a new town in 1946 to assist the problems of London by providing a location for industry and workers wishing to move out of the city. The town is expected to grow to a population of about 90000 by 1990. The centre is broadly divided into two distinct parts by a north-south distributor road. To the east are the shops and stores, and to the west the offices and entertainment buildings. The shopping area is one of the earliest comprehensive pedestrian centres. Attention is paid in this paper to access, peripheral roads, service roads, car parks, cycle and pedestrian links, pedestrian aspects and the critical location of shopping car parks. /TRRL/


Both laboratory and single well field tests have documented that enhanced oil recovery can be obtained from sandstone reservoirs by performing a tertiary low saline waterflood. Due to the complexity of the crude oil-brinerock interactions, the mechanism behind the low saline EOR process has been debated in the literature for the last decade. Both physical and chemical mechanisms have been proposed, but it appears that none of the suggested processes has so far been generally accepted as the main contributor to the observed low salinity EOR effect. Based on published data and new experimental results on core flooding, effects of pH and salinity on adsorption of acidic and basic organic components onto different clay minerals, clay properties like ion exchange capacity and selectivity, and oil properties, a new chemical mechanism is suggested, which agrees with documented experimental facts. At reservoir conditions, the pH of formation water is about 4 due to dissolved acidic gases like CO2 and H2S. At this pH, the clay minerals, which act as cation exchange material, are adsorbed by acidic and protonated basic components from the crude oil, and cations, especially divalent cations, from the formation water, like Ca. Injection of a low saline fluid, which promotes desorption of Ca, will create a local increase in pH close to the brine-clay interface because Ca is substituted by H from the water. A fast reaction between OH and the adsorbed acidic and protonated basic material will cause desorption of organic material from the clay. The water wetness of the rock is improved, and increased oil recovery is observed. To observe low salinity EOR effects in sandstones, a balanced initial adsorption of organic components and Ca onto the clay is needed. Both the adsorption capacity and the pH-window for adsorption/desorption of organic material is somewhat different for various types of clay minerals. A detailed knowledge of the chemical mechanism behind the low saline EOR process together with information on formation brine composition, oil properties and type of clay material present, will make it possible to evaluate the potential for increase in oil recovery by a low salinity waterflood. Introduction A great number of laboratory tests by Morrow and co-workers (Tang and Morrow, 1999a; Tang and Morrow, 1999b; Zhang and Morrow, 2006; Zhang et al., 2007b) and also by researchers at BP (Lager et al., 2007; Webb et al., 2005a; Webb et al., 2005b) have confirmed that enhanced oil recovery can be obtained when performing a tertiary low salinity waterflood, with salinity in the range of 1000-2000 ppm. Based on 14 tests from different sandstone reservoirs, Lager et al. (Lager et al., 2007) have reported that the average increase in recovery was about 14%. The laboratory observations have even been confirmed by single well tests performed in an Alaskan reservoir (Lager et al., 2008b). As increasing amounts of laboratory experiment results have been published in the last decade, various suggestions of the mechanism behind the low salinity process have appeared. Unfortunately, none of the suggested mechanisms have so far been generally accepted as the "true" mechanism. The reason is that many parameters linked to the rock, to the reservoir fluids (oil and brine), and to the injection fluid are involved. In order to give the reader a good background to understand the proposed mechanism in this paper, a list of the accepted experimental conditions is given, followed by a short recap of the previously suggested mechanisms. Conditions for low salinity effects The listed conditions for low salinity effects are mostly related to the systematic experimental work by Tang and Morrow (Tang and Morrow, 1999a), but some points has also been taken from the work by BP (Lager et al., 2007; Lager et al., 2008a).


This paper uses a modified input-output model simulation to examine the effects of alternative trade strategies on income distribution in Brazil. The strategies under consideration are export expansion, import substitution, and expansion of the nontradable sector. The main results show that export expansion does produce a more equal income distribution than the alternative strategies, but only slightly more so. In particular, the income generated through production of industrial goods exports--the fastest growing segment of Brazilian exports--is not much more equally distributed than that generated by other strategies.


Significance Overexpression of human homologue of mouse double minute 2 (HDM2) is associated with aggressive cancer malignancy. It is therefore critical to understand cellular mechanisms for the control of HDM2 abundance. By identifying Skp1-Cullin 1-FBXO22-ROC1 (SCFFBXO22) as an E3 ubiquitin ligase for HDM2, our work has significantly improved knowledge of the cellular regulatory network required for the maintenance of HDM2 protein stability. The results of tumor cell invasion, mouse 4T1 breast tumor model study, and human breast cancer tissue expression analyses suggest a role for SCFFBXO22 in the inhibition of breast cancer metastasis by down-regulating HDM2. Human homolog of mouse double minute 2 (HDM2) is an oncogene frequently overexpressed in cancers with poor prognosis, but mechanisms of controlling its abundance remain elusive. In an unbiased biochemical search, we discovered Skp1-Cullin 1-FBXO22-ROC1 (SCFFBXO22) as the most dominating HDM2 E3 ubiquitin ligase from human proteome. The results of protein decay rate analysis, ubiquitination, siRNA-mediated silencing, and coimmunoprecipitation experiments support a hypothesis that FBXO22 targets cellular HDM2 for ubiquitin-dependent degradation. In human breast cancer cells, FBXO22 knockdown (KD) increased cell invasiveness, which was driven by elevated levels of HDM2. Moreover, mouse 4T1 breast tumor model studies revealed that FBXO22 KD led to a significant increase of breast tumor cell metastasis to the lung. Finally, low FBXO22 expression is correlated with worse survival and high HDM2 expression in human breast cancer. Altogether, these findings suggest that SCFFBXO22 targets HDM2 for degradation and possesses inhibitory effects against breast cancer tumor cell invasion and metastasis.


In order to improve detection probability of spectrum sensing based on fractional lower order moment (FLOM) under impulse noise, an improved algorithm is proposed in this paper. The Myraid filter can effectively suppress the impulse noise, so the received signal with impulse noise is processed by Myraid filter, and then the fractional low order moment value of the filtered signal is calculated and taken as test statistic for FLOM. Simulation analysis the impact of different generalized SNR, characteristic index alpha and collaborative users to the sensing performance. Computer simulations show that the performance of improved FLOM method under impulse noise is superior to the ED and FLOM. Moreover, the improved method has better applicability with different modulation signals.


In this paper, we introduce a new energy functional, $\bar \partial $‐energy functional, instead of the total energy functional to investigate the uniqueness of harmonic maps with respect to any given metric on the unit disk. Even in the setting that the Hopf differentials of harmonic maps are not integrable, certain uniqueness theorems of harmonic maps are obtained, which improve a result due to Marković and Mateljević in 1999. Moreover, a generalized energy‐minimizing property of harmonic maps is discussed. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Summary A prospective and descriptive study including 148 children (age: 5-71 months) presenting with febrile seizures (FS) at two Primary Health Care centres in Kinshasa, was conducted over a period of 3 months. Type of seizure (genaralized or focal), its duration, and its characteristic (recurrent or not), were documented, to assess the severity of the disorder. The Psychomotor Development (PMD) of each patient was evaluated, using the Gensini and Gavito scale and then the Psychomotor Development Quotient (PDQ) calculated, according to the motor, communication, and social domains. Main results were: a reduction in PDQ (6.7%), motor delay (5%), communication delay (3.4%), and social delay (2.7%), based on this scale. No significant link was found between global PDQ reduction and markers of FS severity. However, recurrent seizures seemed strongly associated to delayed motor development (p=0.02 [OR=1.096, CI: 1.060-1.128]). These findings suggest that the motor domain could be more affected in children presenting FS, especially those with recurrent seizures. This link needs to be clearly established through larger case-control studies.


Lowering the string scale in the TeV region provides a theoretical framework for solving the mass hierarchy problem and unifying all interactions. The apparent weakness of gravity can then be accounted by the existence of large internal dimensions, in the submillimeter region, and transverse to a braneworld where our universe must be confined. I review the main properties of this scenario and its experimental implications. 1I ntroduction During the last few decades, physics beyond the Standard Model (SM) was guided from the problem of mass hierarchy. This can be formulated as the question of why gravity appears to us so weak compared to the other three known fundamental interactions corresponding to the electromagnetic, weak and strong nuclear forces. Indeed, gravitational interactions are suppressed by a very high energy scale, the Planck mass MP ∼ 10 19 GeV, associated to a length lP ∼ 10 35 m, where they are expected to become important. In a quantum theory, the hierarchy implies a severe fine tuning of the fundamental parameters in more than 30 decimal places in order to keep the masses of elementary particles at their observed values. The reason is that quantum radiative corrections to all masses generated by the Higgs vacuum expectation value are proportional to the ultraviolet cutoff which in the presence of gravity is fixed by the Planck mass. As a result, all masses are "attracted" to about 10 16 times heavier than their observed values. Besides compositeness, there are two main theories that have been proposed and studied extensively during the last years, corresponding to different approaches of dealing with the mass hierarchy problem. (1) Low energy supersymmetry with all superparticle masses in the TeV region. Indeed, in the limit of exact supersymmetry, quadratically divergent corrections to the Higgs selfenergy are exactly cancelled, while in the softly broken case, they are cutoff


cover mechanical engineering. electronics, architecture, anatomy, physiology, orthopedics, nursing, rehabilitation medicine, social work, industrial designing, and psychology. Last but not least, it should be strengthened that disabled persons themselves played important ro]es in the project. It is noted that the development of this electric wheelchair system is not a development of atool to move around. The project was not to satisfy technical interests of technologists. This was a development


Objective The aim of this study was to eva lu ate the effectiveness of vaginal progesterone, cervical cerclage, and combination in preventing preterm labor (PTL) in twin pregnancy and impact on perinatal outcome. Background Several studies showed the efficacy of vaginal progesterone and cervical cerclage or both in prevention of PTL in twin pregnancy. Patients and methods A sample size of 75 patients has been taken from outpatient clinic at Menoufia University Hospital. All fulfilled eligibility criteria of having a twin pregnancy with a history of spontaneous PTL, a sonographic short cervical length of less than 25 mm in mid-trimester. The participants were randomly assigned to three groups: group 1 (N = 25) received vaginal progesterone; group 2 (N = 25) were remedied with cervical cerclage; and group 3 (N = 25) received both vaginal progesterone and cervical cerclage. The primary outcome measure was spontaneous delivery between 34 and 37 weeks of gestation. Secondary outcomes were delivery before 34 weeks of gestation. Results There were no significant differences between the three studied groups concerning their demographic data. There were no statistical significant differences between the three studied groups regarding the transvaginal sonographic cervical length (P > 0.05). There was a statistically significant higher gestational age in the combination group than the progesterone group or cerclage group (P < 0.001). Comparison between progesterone and cerclage groups did not reach statistical significance (P=−0.85). Both demonstrated significantly lower birth weights, lower APGAR scores, and a higher NICU admission rate than in the combination group (P < 0.001). Conclusion Combination of vaginal progesterone and cervical cerclage can prevent PTL in twin pregnancy and improve perinatal morbidity and mortality.


Abstract Transparent Pb0.72La0.28TiO3 thin films have been deposited on (100) LiF substrates by pulsed laser deposition technique employing a KrF laser 248nm wavelength). The single perovskite target employed was prepared by sintering of the alkoxy-derived high-purity PLT powder at 1150°C. Polycrystalline PLT thin films have been grown on (100) LiF substrates under the conditions of laser fluence 2.5J/cm2, oxygen pressure 13Pa and substrate temperature 750°C. The structure, morphology and stoichiometry of the as-grown films and the employed target were characterized by XRD, SEM and EPMA technique, respectively. The optical transmittance spectrum of the as-grown thin film on LiF substrates in the wavelength range of 350 ∼ 2000nm was measured


Summary Normal washed human erythrocytes, when incubated in a buffered saline solution (pH 7.5-7.6) with T4 (3.75 X 10-8 M), demonstrated increased production of 2, 3-DPG and glucose consumption during the first 30 min of incubation. However, lactate production and ATP levels were decreased. The mechanism is probably related to a direct effect of T4 on the diphosphoglycerate mutase.


The article gives an overview of models, methods and software for optimal projecting of Man-Machine Systems processes functioning (MMS PF) based on functionality-structure MMS theory. The basic problems of the man-machine systems description are shown. The formal model of data presentation used in system INTELLEKT-3 is described. The algorithm of series-parallel operations connections generation taking into account additional restrictions, algorithm of alternative variants of man-machine systems functioning process generation on the basis of the operations purposes coincidence, the parametrical alternatives generation algorithm on the basis of template are presented.


During the past year the technique of profound perfusion hypothermia with total circulatory arrest to treat four patients with complicated large arteriovenous fistulas and pseudoaneurysms of major arteries has been used. These case histories are presented in detail to illustrate the use of this technique with its advantages and disadvantages. Successful management depends on thorough preoperative preparation which must include accurate arteriographic demonstration of all vascular abnormalities and a comprehensive operative plan.


In this paper we present a discussion of research being carried out at the Institute for Simulation and Training/University of Central Florida which focuses on the interconnection of dissimilar networkable simulators. Specifically. we descri be the results of our efforts to interconnect two dis si mil ar sim ulation networks, namely, the Perceptronics A v ion ic s Situational Awareness Trainer (ASAT) networkable F-16 training device and the DARPA developed SIMNET simulation network.


Cryogenically cooled Hg(1-x)CdxTe (MCT) quantum detectors are unequalled for applications requiring high imaging as well as high radiometric performance in the infrared spectral range. Compared with other technologies they provide several advantages, such as the highest quantum efficiency, lower power dissipation compared to photoconductive devices and fast response times, hence outperforming micro-bolometer arrays. However, achieving an excellent MCT detector performance at long (LWIR) and very long (VLWIR) infrared wavelengths is challenging due to the exponential increase in the thermally generated photodiode dark current with increasing cut-off wavelength and operating temperature. Dark current is a critical design driver, especially for LWIR / VLWIR applications. Therefore, low dark current technologies are the prerequisite for serving higher operating temperature (HOT) applications. AIM will present its latest results on both n-on-p and p-on-n low dark current planar MCT photodiode technology LWIR and VLWIR two-dimensional focal plane detector arrays with a cut-off wavelength >11μm at 80K and a 640x512 pixel format at a 20μm pitch. Dark currents significantly reduced as compared to 'Tennant's Rule 07' at yet good detection efficiency >60% as well as results from electro-optical detector performance characterization will be presented, pacing the way for a new generation of HOT LWIR FPA with excellent NETD performance


The drift-shadow effect describes capillary diversion of water flow around a drift or cavity in porous or fractured rock, resulting in lower water flux directly beneath the cavity. This paper presents computational simulations of drift-shadow experiments using dual-permeability models, similar to the models used for performance assessment analyses of flow and seepage in unsaturated fractured tuff at Yucca Mountain. Comparisons were made between the simulations and experimental data from small-scale drift-shadow tests. Results showed that the dual-permeability models captured the salient trends and behavior observed in the experiments, but constitutive relations (e.g., fracture capillary-pressure curves) can significantly affect the simulated results. Lower water flux beneath the drift was observed in both the simulations and tests, andfingerlike flow patterns were seen to exist with lower simulated capillary pressures. The dual-permeability models used in this analysis were capable of simulating these processes. However, features such as irregularities along the top of the drift (e.g., from roof collapse) and heterogeneities in the fracture network may reduce the impact of capillary diversion and drift shadow. An evaluation of different meshes showed that at the grid refinement used, a comparison between orthogonal and unstructured meshes did not result in large differences.


The detection status and existing problems of the anti-soft and heavy object impact performance of glass and metal guardrails for buildings were briefly described in the article. A set of detection equipment was designed for the shortcomings, which mainly included guardrail installation devices, height positioning devices, and impact control systems. It has the advantages of small size, low cost, simple operation, high efficiency and low uncertainty, etc. In addition, the influence of factors such as installation quality and test environment on the test results can be excluded, which greatly improves the accuracy and fairness of the test results.


The future Mrs Midwinter was apprehensive enough of her new home because of the haunting accuracy with which her predecessor Rebecca had described it in her book The Marriage Hearse. Maureen Freely is the author of Mother's Helper, The Life of the Party and The Stork Club.


For a long time, Amae has been being considered an emotion culturally unique to Japan and an indigenous concept. However, cross-cultural studies are rare and often contain many limitations. Amae is also often associated with the concept of attachment, but the relationship between the two concepts have yet to be determined. The current study was exploratory and aimed to investigate further cultural differences between Japan and Western societies associated with Amae and its relationship to attachment. A sample of 168 participants answered an online questionnaire in either English or Japanese. This questionnaire contained a 28 items scale for Amae and a 38 items scale for attachment. Participants were divided into a Japanese speaking group and a non-Japanese speaking group. Results indicated differences between the groups for the amae scale, as well as a relationship between certain Amae types and attachment types. However, further research is needed to assess more specifically the cultural differences that can occur between Japan and Western societies, as well as the Amae-attachment relationship. (Less)


Emergency evacuation has many applications in computer animation, virtual reality, architecture planning, safety science, etc. However, current methods most focus on the agent-based modeling and simulation. These simulation results can not consider the human behavior fully and their reliabilities are doubtable. This paper presents a new method to simulate the large-scale crowds in real-time and verify the evacuation data in complex environment. Through analyzing the characteristics of human behavior in emergent condition, a mixed geometry-based ant colony evacuation model is firstly proposed. Then, many behaviors of human are considered to calculate the best evacuation path, including autonomous avoidance, human's warning time, and preferential path selecting. The experimental results show that it is an effective method to simulate large-scale crowds in real time, because the verification makes the simulation more reliable as well as making human behavior logical and the virtual scene realistic.


Background: The occurrence of crises such as the outbreak of the new coronavirus (COVID-19) showed that the availability of a mask that fits the face is of great importance for individuals. The present study was performed to design a tool to assess the facial fitness of the mask based on face dimensions. Methods: A hybrid method is introduced which consists of modeling of a fuzzy system using a neural network, so that with only one-time training of this neuro-fuzzy system, ANFIS, it is possible to easily determine the fit of N95 respiratory mask only by applying the anthropometric dimensions of the face. Six anthropometric dimensions of the face were assigned as the inputs and respiratory mask fitness was assigned as the output of the ANFIS model. Results: The proposed neuro-fuzzy system, ANFIS, is designed in such a way that by specifying the input parameters for each individual, the fitness of the mask to the face can be predicted. Conclusion: According to the results of the probability predicted by the neuro-fuzzy system, using the data of the six dimensions of the face, in about 75 percent of the cases the fitness of the mask to the face of individuals can be predicted accurately; therefore, the designed ANFIS network can be used instead of the fitness test to predict the fitness of the respiratory mask to the face using the anthropometric data of the face of the individuals only when it is not possible to perform the fit testing. Please cite this article as: Tahernejad A, Mostafavi R, Tahernejad S, Rostami M. Predicting the Fit between the Respirator and Face based on Facial Anthropometric Dimensions Using Neural-fuzzy Method (Used in Crises). J Health Sci Surveillance Sys. 2020;8(4):168-172.


A watershed system includes river/stream networks, overland regions, and subsurface
media. This paper presents a reaction-based numerical model of reactive chemical
transport in subsurface media of watershed systems. Transport of M chemical species
with a variety of chemical and physical processes is mathematically described by M
partial differential equations (PDEs). Decomposition via Gauss-Jordan column
reduction of the reaction network transforms M species reactive transport equations
into M reaction extent-transport equations (a reaction extent is a linear
combination of species concentrations), each involves one and the only one linearly
independent reaction. Thus, the reactive transport problem is viewed from two
different points of view. Descirbed with a species-transport equation, the
transport of a species is balanced by a linear combinations of rates of all
reactions. Described by a reaction extent-transport equation, the rate of a linear
independent reaction is balanced by the transport of the linear combination of
species. The later description facilitates the decoupling of fast reactions from
slow reactions and circumvent the stiffness of reactive transport problems. This
is so because the M reaction extent-transport equations can be approximated with
three subsets of equations: NE algebraic equations describing NE fast reactions
(where NE is the set of linearly independent fast/equilibrium reactions), NKI
reactive transport equations of kinetic-variables involving no fast reactions
(where NKI is the number of linearly independent slow/kinetic reactions), and NC
transport equations of components involving no reaction at all (where NC = M – NE –
NKI is the number of components). The elimination of fast reactions from reactive
transport equations allows robust and efficient numerical integration. The model
solves the PDEs of kinetic-variables and components rather than individual chemical
species, which reduces the number of reactive transport equations and simplifies
the reaction terms in the equations. Two validation examples involving simulations
of uranium transport in soil columns are presented to evaluate the ability of the
model to simulate reactive transport with reaction networks involving both kinetic
and equilibrium reactions. A hypothetical three-dimensional example is presented to
demonstrate the model application to a field-scale problem involving reactive
transport with a complex reaction network.


The purpose of the study is to interpret the weathering characteristics of the dinosaurs footprint fossils sites of Haenam Uhangri, which is a natural monument of Korea, and to reduce their deterioration. To achieve these purposes, the characteristics of the materials of the fossils has been determined and the assessment of the rate of deterioration. Also the analysis on the various surface pollutants on the fossils has been performed and microclimatic monitoring carried out. The results obtained from these investigations will be used as the basic data for the conservation of the dinosaurs footprint fossils.


RFID antenna according to the invention comprising: a substrate; The first coil portion horizontally formed on a substrate in a spiral shape; And a is electrically connected to the first coil portion, and a second coil portion perpendicularly to the substrate formed of a winding form. In the configuration, RFID antenna that can transmit and receive information without attachment to the distribution or in the harsh environment to be installed near the battery of the portable terminal, reduction in the information recognition rate and reading distance is received from the reader and the RFID tag of a metal the RFID antenna is implemented.


In this article, a unified, robust hierarchical control structure is proposed for operating networked multi distributed generation grid-forming power converters in islanded alternating current (ac) microgrids (MGs). The primary control level stabilizes the frequency and the voltage of an ac MG through a cascaded structure, consisting of a droop controller, a mixed $H_2$/$H_\infty$-based voltage controller, and an adaptive backstepping integral nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode control (ABINFTSMC) for current loop. In the inner control loop, an adaptive robust nonlinear controller is designed for regulating and tracking of the current reference in the presence of unknown bounded uncertainties and external disturbances. The outer loop controller design problem is formulated by a set of linear matrix inequalities and then solved as a multiobjective optimization problem, by using a fuzzy decision-making tool (FDMT) to provide the best tradeoff solution. Besides, the conventional distributed protocol has been used in the secondary layer to compensate for the deviation caused by the primary layer. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is evaluated through offline time-domain simulation studies based on different scenarios in the MATLAB/Simulink environment for a test MG system.


Uranium and plutonium oxidize very rapidly in an oxygen-rich environment like air. Understanding the gas-phase actinide oxide molecular formation through plasma- and thermochemistry is very important for numerous fields including forensic analysis, environmental monitoring, debris analysis in a weapons detonation event, or reactor accident scenario, and actinide nucleation physics. There have been significant recent efforts to understand the chemical progression from U atoms to diatoms (UO) and polyatomic molecules (UxOy).1–3 However, emission analysis of high-temperature gas-phase oxidation of U and Pu and the corresponding plasma chemistry are very complex considering their very congested spectral features. In addition to these, the spectra may contain isotopic shifts and hyperfine structures if the sample is enriched.


Sequencing and genome analysis of two co‐isolated streptomycetes, named BV410‐1 and BV410‐10, and the effect of their co‐cultivation on the staurosporine production.


Plasmon associated optically rectified fields arising from electron tunneling between metal nanojunctions have been shown to impact photocatalytic reactions on the surface of plasmonic nanostructures. However, temporal differences have been shown between quantum regime electron tunneling events and optically rectified surface charge buildup. Computational work shows that electron tunneling across a nanometer-sized gap between two plasmonic entities can be induced from a single ultra-fast laser pulse and occurs on a femtosecond timescale. Our group has shown that charge buildup from optically rectified fields occurs over 10s to 100s of seconds through light-induced redox events in cyclic voltammetry experiments using a CuSO4 solution. Utilizing a femtosecond laser to generate second harmonic signals along with widefield excitation from a continuous light-emitting diode (LED) source, it is shown that surface potentials that average −400 mV are only generated upon continuous illumination of a gold nanoisland...


Most supply chain relationships will experience conflict at some point, and the processes used to manage these violations have important implications for the continuation of those relationships. Using a multiple-stage vignette, we survey 218 procurement professionals across a range of industries and ask them to provide perspective on the impact of a violation caused by a key supplier and their subsequent attempts at repair. We advance work in the interorganizational domain as well as the broader conflict and repair literature by: 1) evaluating violation and repair processes in a holistic temporal framework (from pre-transgression to post-repair) of violations in buyer-supplier relationships, 2) examining the differential impact of integrity- and competence-based violations on multiple dimensions of trust and switching intentions, and 3) identifying and comparatively evaluating repair processes (either relational or regulatory) relevant to an interorganizational context. We find that integrity violations i...


In this paper, concepts of comparative risk aversion are developed for generalized risk averse preferences. These measures are applied to the development of general concepts of increasing and decreasing risk aversion. A range of comparative static results for expected utility theory are generalized and extended.


The reform of public hospitals was the difficulty in health system reform.In our country,the main reform chain of public hospital being made up of distribution of health resources and government financial management and hos-pital management operation model were presented in this paper.And to explore its main content,the whole innovation thought and method.Our research thought that the key to breach the public hospital "main reform chain" is to optimize the district healthy programming,to reasonably collocate healthy resource,to consummate compensate charge cost mechanism and innovate hospital management model.


Sparse-view CT reconstruction is important in a wide range of applications due to limitations on cost, acquisition time, or dosage. However, traditional direct reconstruction methods such as filtered back-projection (FBP) lead to low-quality reconstructions in the sub-Nyquist regime. In contrast, deep neural networks (DNNs) can produce high-quality reconstructions from sparse and noisy data, e.g. through post-processing of FBP reconstructions, as can model-based iterative reconstruction (MBIR), albeit at a higher computational cost.In this paper, we introduce a direct-reconstruction DNN method called Recurrent Stacked Back Projection (RSBP) that uses sequentially-acquired backprojections of individual views as input to a recurrent convolutional LSTM network. The SBP structure maintains all information in the sinogram, while the recurrent processing exploits the correlations between adjacent views and produces an updated reconstruction after each new view. We train our network on simulated data and test on both simulated and real data and demonstrate that RSBP outperforms both DNN post-processing of FBP images and basic MBIR, with a lower computational cost than MBIR.


In this paper, we designed and implemented a lightweight mobile crowdsourcing platform called WeCrowd. What makes it distinct from other mobile crowdsourcing applications is that, it is based on WeChat and enables users to post and work on crowdsourcing tasks without setup process, which can greatly save storage space, speed up crowd work and also be convenient for users to take part in tasks. Based on this platform, we conducted a preliminary study to understand how this lightweight crowdsourcing platform worked in reality. The experiment results affirm that WeCrowd provides meaningful insights for mobile crowdsourcing, and enables mobile users to take part in tasks with more freedom, enthusiastic and high quality users experience. We end by some design implications for mobile crowdsourcing.


The finance and credit relations in agriculture, the main trends and principles of their regulations are being considered in the paper. The author suggests major directions to the improvement of the above relations.


Purpose – The main aim of this paper is to analyze judicial system of Bangladesh, which comprises all courts and tribunals that performs the delicate task of ensuring rule of law in the society. The paper depicts the history and evolution of the judicial system in Bangladesh from ancient period to present day.Design/methodology/approach – The study is qualitative in nature and based on secondary sources of materials like books, journal articles, government orders, rules, acts, newspaper reports, etc. Relevant literature has also been collected through internet browsing.Findings – The major findings of this paper are: there is a well‐organized court system in Bangladesh which is in fact the replica of the system introduced by British rulers and it is widely accepted in the original Constitution of Bangladesh. The ancient judicial system was not based on rule of law rather on caprice and caste consideration. The executive branch of government always attempts to control the judiciary through different mechan...


An approach for rapid prototyping manufacturing of ceramic parts was developed by combining rapid prototyping manufacturing with gelation of slurry.At the first phase,sacrificial mold was manufactured by mold shape deposition manufacturing and subsequently the ceramic slurry was casted in the mold by in situ solidification based on gelation of ceramic slurry.The sacrificial mold was then removed and thus the green part of ceramics was obtained.Finally,the green part was sintered to get the ceramic part.Experiments show that this technology is a low cost and reasonable method for rapid manufacturing of ceramic parts especially for those with complex dimensions.


In-memory computing seeks to minimize data movement and alleviate the memory wall by computing in-situ, in the same place that the data is located. One of the key emerging technologies that promises to enable such computing-in-memory is spin-transfer torque magnetic tunnel junction (STT-MTJ). This paper proposes AM4, a combined STT-MTJ-based Content Addressable Memory (CAM), Ternary CAM (TCAM), approximate matching (similarity search) CAM (ACAM), and in-memory Associative Processor (AP) design, inspired by the recently announced Samsung MRAM crossbar. We demonstrate and evaluate the performance and energy-efficiency of the AM4-based AP using a variety of data intensive workloads. We show that an AM4-based AP outperforms state-of-the-art solutions both in performance (with the average speedup of about 10 ×) and energy-efficiency (by about 60 × on average).


Abstract The effects of perturbation-based active flow control on supersonic rectangular twin jets (SRTJ) over a wide range of nozzle pressure ratios (NPR = 2.77 to 6.7, corresponding to fully expanded Mach numbers Mj = 1.3 to 1.9) were investigated. The aspect ratio and design Mach number for the bi-conic, converging-diverging nozzles were 2 and 1.5, respectively. The flow and acoustic fields of SRTJ are known to couple, often generating high near-field (NF) pressure fluctuations and elevated far-field (FF) noise levels. Large-scale structures (LSS), or equivalently instability waves or wave packets, are responsible for mixing noise, broadband shock-associated noise, screech and coupling. The primary objective of this research was to manipulate the development of LSS in this complex flow to better understand and mitigate their effects. The organization and passage frequency of the LSS were altered by excitation of instabilities over a wide range of frequencies and modes. Key findings include: (1) the screech mode of each jet was flapping along its minor axis; (2) the jets coupled, out-of-phase primarily in overexpanded cases and in-phase primarily in underexpanded cases, along the minor axis of the SRTJ; (3) coupling has significant effects on the NF pressure fluctuations, but only minor effect on the FF noise; (4) standing waves were observed only on the minor axis plane of the SRTJ; (5) altering or suppressing coupling can significantly reduce NF pressure fluctuations; (6) two high-frequency excitation methods proved effective in reducing the FF noise; and (7) nonlinear interactions between the screech tones and excitation input were observed in controlled cases in which screech was only partially suppressed.


The present invention is not dependent on having a CPU function, it can easily and reliably prevent illegal access to the associated buffer overflow. Information device (1) for data processing by cooperation between the program codes with a central control unit deployed in the memory, the program code is detected by the hook processing calling time through the stack layout check process, in order to obtain RAM (30 return each program codes) expand an address to detect unauthorized access to the return address from the address indicated by the acquired destination, stops data processing when unauthorized access is detected.


Department of Computer Science and Engineering, VVIET, Mysuru Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum, India 4Asst. Prof. Drakshayini K B, Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, Vidya Vikas Institute of Engineering and Technology, Mysuru, Karnataka, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract A gentle increase in population and large increase the amount of vehicles on road, results in holdup often during peak hours. The traffic analysis and controlling becomes a challenging problem also because it needed to regulate the traffic in decent and safe manner. The traffic signals are operated on the fixed predefined program, these are supported the time. If there's no vehicle on the road, the time will lapsed for the opposite vehicles which are waiting on the opposite side. to unravel this issue, we present an approach for analysis and detecting vehicles by CCTV cameras in sort of images. The methodology consists of model creation and pickled model. When there's less number of vehicles within the lane the traffic light count is reduced, if the amounts of vehicles are more, then the signal count is increased. This technique control traffic automatically.


Differences in water-acquisition strategies of tree root systems can determine the capacity to survive under severe drought. We evaluate the effects of field water shortage on early survival, growth and root morphological variables of two South American Mediterranean tree species with different rooting strategies during two growing seasons. One year-old Quillaja saponaria (deep-rooted) and Cryptocarya alba (shallow-rooted) seedlings were established under two watering treatments (2 L·week−1·plant−1 and no water) in a complete randomized design. Watering improved the final survival of both species, but the increase was only significantly higher for the shallow-rooted species. The survival rates of deep- and shallow-rooted species was 100% and 71% with watering treatment, and 96% and 10% for the unwatered treatment, respectively. Root morphological variables of deep-rooted species such as surface area, volume, and diameter were higher under unwatered treatment. On the other hand, shallow-rooted species had a higher total root dry mass, length, surface area with watering treatments. Our findings suggest that deep-rooted species are highly recommended for reforestation in dry conditions, even under low soil water availability. Water supplements during the summer season can attenuate the differences between deep- and shallow-rooted species in their ability to survive drought during the early stage.


Bacteriocins are proteinaceous toxins ribosomally synthesized single polypeptides produced by bacteria to inhibit the growth of similar or closely related bacterial strains. Probiotic Lactobacillus species have been previously identified on the basis of its phenotypic characteristics, such as sugar fermentation patterns and cell morphology. These bacteria have high physiological similarity and this could inevitably lead to misidentification of the Lactobacillus strains. In the presence study we isolated Lactobacillus species, which is more resembling Lactobacillus breve. This species was identified by using microbiological and biochemical tests. Further studies on the species showed the expression of bacteriocin, which play an important role in the inhibition of pathological bacteria. Introduction Human intestinal tract is filled with an enormous number of helpful bacteria called probiotic bacteria. They are called probiotic bacteria because the term "probiotic" means "for life," as opposed to the term "antibiotic" which means "against life." Human bodies are actually designed to have symbiotic relationships with these probiotic bacteria. They help in digestion if food, killing harmful microorganisms and keep the body functioning properly in a number of ways. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and bifidobacteria are the most common types of microbes used as probiotics; but certain yeasts and bacilli may also be helpful. Probiotics are commonly consumed as part of fermented foods with specially added active live cultures; such as in yogurt, soy yogurt, or as dietary supplements. Lactobacillus brevis is a species of lactic acid bacteria. It can be found in many different environments and in fermented foods such as sauerkraut and pickles. It is 2 Nishant Toomula et al also one of the most common causes of beer spoilage. Ingestion has been shown to improve human immune function, and it has been patented several times. L. brevis is one of the major Lactobacillus species found in tibicos grains (aka water kefir grains), and has been identified as the species responsible for the production of the polysaccharide (dextran) that forms the grains. Major metabolites of L. brevis include lactic acid and ethanol. Strains of L. brevis and L. hilgardii have been found to produce the biogenic amines tyramine and phenylethylamine. Bacteriocins are proteinaceous toxins ribosomally synthesized single polypeptides produced by bacteria to inhibit the growth of similar or closely related bacterial strain(s). They are typically considered to be narrow spectrum antibiotics, though this has been debated. They are phenomenally analogous to yeast and paramecium killing factors, and are structurally, functionally, and ecologically diverse. In the presence study we isolated Lactobacillus species, which is more resembling Lactobacillus breve. This species was identified by using microbiological and biochemical tests. The species was characterized by using 16s rDNA ribotyping. Further studies on the species showed the expression of bacteriocin, which play an important role in the inhibition of pathological bacteria. Materials and Methods Isolation of Lactic Acid Bacteria Samples of milk and curd (24hrs) form buffalo and cow was collected. Samples were kept at refrigerated condition until analysis. For isolation of LAB, the serial dilutions of the samples (up to 10) were inoculated into Lactobacillus MRS agar by pour plate method and incubated in anaerobic condition at 37°C for 48 h for the colonies to develop. Following incubation, 3 colonies for each sample were randomly selected from the MRS agar plates. The colonies were propagated on the same media until the pure cultures were obtained. Purification of the cultures was confirmed by Gram's staining. Pure colonies were again cultured on MRS agar slants and broth (in duplicates) and stored at 4°C until used. Antimicrobial Activity The antimicrobial activities of these isolates were studied by the disc diffusion procedure. A loopful of each of the LAB isolates from the MRS agar slants was inoculated into tubes containing 10 mL of sterile MRS broth. These broth cultures were incubated at 37°C for 48 h. After incubation, the cultures were centrifuged (5000 rpm for 35 min at 4°C) to obtain the Culture Free Supernatant. Sterile cotton swabs were taken and dipped into the cultures of the test microorganisms (staphylococcus, salmonella, micrococcus, and shigella) and inoculated by swabbing over the entire surface of the pre-set Mueller-Hinton agar plates.Sterile filter paper discs of 4mm diameter were prepared from Whatman filter paper. Each disc was saturated with the respective culture supernatant, air dried and placed on a 150 mm plate, within 5 to 15 min after swabbing the test pathogens. After 18 to 24 h of incubation at 37°C each plate was examined for the zone of inhibition. The diameters of the inhibitory zones were measured. Bacteriocin Producing Probiotic Lactobacillus sp. from Cow's Milk 3 Antibiotic resistance 300ul and 500ul of streptomycin is mixed in 50ml MRS agar media. After sterilization media was poured in 2 petri plates.Allow it to solidify, after that Lactobacillus culture was swabbed on MRS agar. Then the cultures were incubated at 37°C for 48 h. Molecular Weight Determination using SDS-PAGE The isolates were grown in MRS broth for 48 h at 37°C. Following incubation, the cultures were centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 30 min at 4°C, after which the bacteriocins were precipitated from the supernatant with 45% saturated ammonium sulphate and kept overnight at -10°C for precipitation. After precipitation, centrifugation of the supernatants resulted in the formation of pellets, which were collected and stored in phosphate buffer (pH 7.0). The molecular weights of the bacteriocins were determined using SDS-PAGE. Molecular weight markers ranging from 10 to100 kDa was used. Following electrophoresis, the gel was stained with Coomassie Brilliant Blue. The apparent molecular weights of the samples were determined by comparison with the mobility of the standard markers.


The effects of photoperiod (12L:12D and 18L:6D) and feeding frequency (three, four and five evenly spaced daily feedings) of 10% biomass per day during light hours on growth and stress response of Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) fingerlings were evaluated. The interaction between photoperiod and feeding frequency was not significant (P>0.05). Faster growth was observed in fish exposed to an 18L:6D photoperiod (P 0.05) and faster than when fed only three meals (P 0.05). Stress indicators (cortisol, glucose and haematocrit) did not differ between photoperiods (P<0.05). The results showed that 0.9–8.0 g Persian sturgeon fingerlings should be reared with an 18L:6D photoperiod and fed four times per day to obtain good growth and FCE.


Cat-agarose film modified edge-plane pyrolytic graphite electrode(EPG) was made by entrapping catalase(Cat) in agarose hydrogel at the EPG surface.Cat confined in agarose film can directly transfer electron with EPG.A pair of redox peaks was observed in pH6.0 buffer.The formal potential is-0.343V,corresponding to CatFe(III) /Fe(II) redox couple.The formal potential of Cat Fe(III) /Fe(II) couples in agarose membrane shifted linearly with a decrease of pH.The value of slope of is-36.8mV/pH,which suggests that one proton transfer in the one-electron reaction.The Cat-agarose modified EPG exhibits the electrocatalytic activity to oxygen and hydrogen peroxide.The cathodic peak current increase linearly with the concentration of H2O2in the range of 16.5-278μmol/L.


The large-scale heliostats orientation adjustment in solar power plants is a very important technology that can directly affect the work efficiency of power plants. First, some important parameters including the position coordinates of the heliostat reflection spot on the receiver, the longitude, latitude and altitude of each heliostat's location is collected to construct the control model. Then the real-time orientation of the heliostat is adjusted using the generated model. This paper present a automatic heliostat reflection spot offset measurement system using machine vision and common cmos camera o to obtain the distance between sunbeam's centroid and the receiver center. A communication protocol based on modbus-RTU is designed to send instructions through which PLC host can handle the system and receive response of the calculation.


One of the main problems during anaesthesia for tracheal resection is the provision of a clear airway during the period of tracheal division without impairing the good surgical access required for constructing the anastomosis. Recently Lee and English have described an ingenious method of ventilation using a bronchoscopic injector and a narrow catheter during an operation for the resection of a tracheal stenosis.' This communication reports the use of a similar system and confirms the adequacy of the ventilation achieved.


The rivers, including Aras, in the Mughan region played an important role in the formation of the prehistoric sites. The Mughan Plain has not received particular attention in terms of the archaeological investigations, as the extensive scientific activities concentrated on the Lake Urmia basin. Yataq-Tepesi is a prehistoric site in the city of Germi (Mughan Region) that became the subject of the scientific research. The main aim of this paper is to discuss the pottery traditions at the site and to determine the chronological sequence of the studied region. In view of further detailed studies on the cultural relations of Mughan population with other territories, and to establish its chronological sequence, two main questions are posed: how do we date Yataq-Tepesi on the basis of cultural information, including pottery traditions? The main hypothesis suggested here is that the site development took place during the Middle Chalcolithic and Late Chalcolithic periods, somewhere between 4500 and 3700 / 3600 BC. The second question relates to the geographical regions that Yataq-Tepesi was in contact with through cultural relations and trade with other regions of northwestern Iran, especially with the region of Qaradagh and the Lake Urmia basin, as well as with the Southern Caucasus.


Gametophytes of Tmesipteris lanceolata Dang., which are mycorrhizal in nature, were grown in axenic culture. If cultured in the light on a nutrient medium containing minerals and 0.5% glucose, they did not become photosynthetic; however, about 15% of them produced apogamous sporophytes with stems and microphylls. The gametophyte–sporophyte junction had a direct connection between the gametophyte and sporophyte tissues and lacked a foot, which is typical for apogamy. Gametangia were limited to the gametophyte portions of these gametophyte–sporophyte growths, and the vascular tissue was present only in the sporophyte regions. The apogamous aerial stems had the normal anatomy for a sporophyte, with vascular tissue, epidermal cells, stomata, and chlorenchyma. The origin of the apogamous sporophytes was different from the origin in fern gametophytes. The Tmesipteris sporophytes arose terminally from the gametophyte apices. It appears that the apical meristem of the gametophyte is converted to a shoot apical me...


Generally, the colour of the non-luminous objects in nature is due to absorption, diffusion and refraction of light. The colour of the optical coatings, as that of some kind of bird feathers, soap bubbles, butterfly wings, some insects, etc. is due to interference and therefore is named interference colour. This kind of colour belongs to the gonio-apparent or special-effect colours. Generally, industrial colorimetry does not deal with interference colour and the usual colorimetric instruments are inadequate to measure it. Only recently, with the new mica-pigment coatings, colorimetry is considering the measurement of the interference colour and new multiangle spectrophotometers are produced. This work is a general introduction to the ground of colorimetry and, at the end, deals with interference colours. A short overview is given of the Physiological Optics and of the Colorimetric Standards of the "Commission International de l'Eclairage" (CIE): particularly, Psychophysical Colorimetry, Psychometrical Colorimetry and Measurement Geometries are summarised. The colorimetry of gonio-apparent colours is considered. For a complete and detailed optical characterisation of interference colour the measurement of bidirectional transmittance and reflectance is needed. Particularly, basic elements for the colorimetric analysis of the interface between isotropic non-absorbing media and for thin monolayers are given.


JEL Classification: M41, M49, G30 DOI: 10.22495/cocv15i2c1p4 Related party transactions (RPTs) which occur between related companies which are commonly reported in published financial reports. Regulations have been enforced by authorities globally, to control and prevent misuse of these types of transactions through extensive disclosure requirements. Research on RPTs in a country is important as it gives an indication of the usage of these transactions by companies during their operations. These transactions need to be tracked as they could be for legitimate reasons or for influencing the performance reports, thereby misleading potential global investors. This paper examines 1) the impact of increased regulatory requirements introduced in India for disclosure of RPTs by listed companies and 2) the usage pattern of RPTs by companies which are part of a Group, as compared to those of standalone companies. Analysis of RPTs reported by 78 non-financial companies (part of the Bombay Stock Exchange Index 100) shows an increasing trend for RPTs reported for the period 2013-15, as compared to 200912. This trend is an indication that the regulatory requirements in India through the new Companies Act 2013, is proving to be effective in achieving its objectives. Such regulations passed to improve transparency in financial reporting in India will also act as a deterrent to companies, who may be intending to misuse these transactions in the future. Statistical tests show that Group Companies have a higher value of average annual RPTs, for transactions related to balance sheet and profit and loss accounts, as compared to Non-Group companies. This confirms that Group companies use RPTs extensively in their business operations, for achieving various objectives. Unlike other studies on RPTs in India, this study focuses on the use of these transactions by Group and NonGroup companies separately, over a seven-year period. The study goes into further detail on the different types of RPTs and shows the trend for each type after the revised regulations have been enforced.


The construction of the likelihood equation in the point process models plays a very important role, especially to obtain a good estimator of the parameters of a model. This paper aims to construction of the likelihood of Hawkes process in solving the problem of the claim filing process in the nonlife insurance company. In the construction process, the excitation function with exponential decay is used. The result shows that the total likelihood function of the process depend on probability no claim at time t, the number of policyholder at time t, and the excitation function.


Mutations in codon 133 of p53, which cause the loss of the Δ133 isoform(s) expression, are very frequent in the Li–Fraumeni (LF) and Li–Fraumeni‐like (LFL) syndromes. In sporadic cancers, silent p53 mutations are correlated with exonic splicing enhancers (ESEs) and exonic methylated sites. The present study shows that mutations in splice sites are also very frequent in LF/LFL syndromes, while missense mutations are less common compared to other familial or sporadic cancers (P = 0 in both cases). Furthermore, it is shown that the codons at which LF/LFL germline missense mutations occur, correlate with CpG‐containing ESEs (r = 0.181, P = 0.014) which are all methylated in p53. While both silent and LF/LFL missense mutations correlate with SC35 motifs, only the latter are associated with SRp55. On the contrary, only silent mutations in sporadic cancers correlate with SF2/ASF motifs in p53. Moreover, 12.1% of LF/LFL missense mutations involve the formation of potential splice sites of considerable splicing scores. Finally, mutations that are not at, or adjacent to CpGs (±1 codon, 34% of all LF/LFL mutated sites), introduce considerable changes of the ESE scores (>1.3 score change). The above data verify that LF/LFL missense mutations probably result also in splicing deregulation, in addition to any changes of the protein function and are mostly associated with alterations of the exonic methylation landscape. Some of the ESEs affected in LF/LFL syndromes are also genetically unstable in sporadic cancers but non‐CpG cytosine instability, which is predominantly associated with specific ESEs, is only common in sporadic cancers. Mol. Carcinog. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Synopsis: Porosities are often found in the center of forging ingot together with "V" segregation. For the production of sound ingot, therefore, it is essential to develop a method to estimate the size and the location of the porosity. For this purpose, four forging ingots were examined by ultrasonic testing to evaluate the size and location of the porosity. Computer calculation of solidification was also carried out on these ingots to study factors influencing the formation of the porosity. As a result, it was found that the size of porosity was not determined by such parameters as temperature gradient and solidification rate but by a new parameter L/D, where L and D are height and width, respectively, of semi-solid region formed during solidification in the center of ingot. The parameter L/D is a function of solidification condition and the grade of steel. By calculating the distribution of L/D along the axis of ingot by computer, porosity zone can be predicted for each porosity size.


Over the course of six decades, Iraq exposed to many events that have affected the Iraqi people from the social, physical and mental aspects. In this study, two groups of people (2369), from Iraq (G1) and the Michigan, United States (U.S) of America (G2) selected to compare the prevalence rate and effects of trauma factors such as mental illness (anxiety, depression and PTS), somatic diseases (heart disease, hypertension, and diabetes), substances abuse (illicit drugs, alcohol and tobacco), and chemicals pollution), and self-rated health among the two groups. The study results reveals a significant different between the two groups in the all indicators for trauma. The study conclude that Iraqi in U.S. (G2) suffer from factors completely differed from that Iraqi who are resident in Iraq (G1).


COCA has been an integral part of the cultural life of Bolivia since pre-Incaic times.' Various segments of the indigenous population chew it to cure a variety of ailments, and it is highly praised as a general stimulant. The production of coca in Bolivia has increased significantly in recent years, yet there is no evidence that the incidence of coca chewing is growing. Indeed, many observers believe the use of coca is declining as the forces of modernization shift it from a generally accepted stimulant into the realm of a social stigma. If the increase of Bolivian coca production is not the result of an indigenous demand for the leaf, then it is an attempt to meet an international demand for coca derivatives, namely cocaine. Cocaine use in the United States, for example, is currently the nation's most serious hard drug problem as measured by the number of arrests for hard drug use and by the number of seizures of large amounts of cocaine.2 The demand for coca to produce cocaine is having a significant impact on the entire coca system in Bolivia. Crop controls on coca are being considered as a result of the increasing numbers of cash-crop farmers whose success can be noted in production statistics. The coca-chewing population may find it increasingly difficult to compete at the marketplace as "coke" producers affect both the general patterns of coca distribution and the ability of a chewer to sustain his "habit."3 This paper is concerned with the use of coca in Bolivia and some of the implications of an illegal external demand on a traditional cash-crop and marketing system.


Abstract The identification of (3, 4-dihydro-2H-pyran-5-yl)-oxo-acetic acid methyl ester has been realized by combination of two dimensional HETCOR and HMBC techniques. 13C and 1H chemical shifts asignements are described.


Theoretical framework of single-molecule electronics is introduced in this paper. Two-terminal device is the fundamental device for single molecule electronics. We have designed the two-probe system in which guanine is sandwiched between two semi-infinite gold electrodes .Tunneling current is computed  using a density functional theory combined with Non- Equilibrium Green's function theory of quantum transport  based on landauer approach. We have investigated the guanine electrical properties in two-terminal as well as three-terminal device that is we are using the gate as third terminal. The resulting two and three-terminal set-up have shown a negative differential region in I-V Characteristics of guanine. The peak to valley current increases on increasing the gate voltage from negative to positive source from -4Vg to +4Vg but with a very small amount of IE-15A. The guanine molecules have shown very good conducting properties which can be used in designing two and three terminal nanoelectronic devices.


Despite the growing academic interest in translators and interpreters in war, there is still a need to discuss the nature and role of translation from the perspective of military principles. This paper, drawing upon the theories about combat power, defines military translation as an intangible factor of combat power involving information and knowledge, and proposes a framework to map out how translation acts upon the internal mechanism of war. Based on the relevant historical records about and memoirs by the interpreters serving in the China-Burma-India Theater, the case study was able to discover that interpreters contributed greatly to the victory of the Alliance through their bilingual services that increased tangible and other intangible factors of combat power, and aided in its execution. This paper concludes that military translation can help reshape the combat power relations between the parties involved in conflicts, and ultimately influence the outcome of the war.


Due to the popularity of Windows system, BitLocker is widely used as a built-in disk encryption tool. As a commercial application, the design of BitLocker has to consider a capability of disaster recovery, which helps a user to recover data stored on encrypted disk when a regular access is not available. In this case, it will inevitably lead to some security risks when using BitLocker. We have a deep exploration of BitLocker encryption mechanism in this paper. We present the decryption method of encrypted VMK in case of system partition encryption and non-system partition encryption, respectively. VMK is the core key in BitLocker, with which the encrypted partition or the entire disk can be further decrypted. As for security analysis on BitLocker, we firstly make a difficulty analysis of brute force cracking on BitLocker keys, and then we analyze a possible threat caused by key theft. Based on this, we propose a few countermeasures about BitLocker usage. Additionally, we give some suggestions about security enhancement of BitLocker encryption.


The purpose of this article is to prove Jong-Shang-Gye(終生記) & Bong-Beul-Gye(逢別記) written by Lee Sang(李箱) had been parodied Manet's Le Dejeuner sur l'Herbe. The main female character of Bong-Beul-Gye, Gum-Hong was characterization as like as the naked woman on the front in Manet's Le Dejeuner sur l'Herbe. Manet had painted the naked woman in the front of his master-piece from Victorine Meurent as a model. She was a famous prostitute boldly & wanton in her times. Lee Sang had described vividly Gum-hong had been parodied the naked woman in the front of Manet's Le Dejeuner sur l'Herbe. And the main female character of Jong-Shang-Gye, Geong-Hee was described the woman with slip on the backyard in Manet's Le Dejeuner sur l'Herbe. She are younger than the naked woman in front of his master-piece. Lee Sang had written the sentence in the Jong-Shang-Gye he had gotten the furniture in order to make sure with his coral whip. In the sentence, The furniture means Manet's Le Dejeuner sur l'Herbe, & his coral whip means his master-pieces was created based on his real love story. In Jong-Shang-Gye & Bong-Beul-Gye there are some hints to be realized about those, as s puzzle. That seems to be Lee Sang's trick in order to resist his destiny.


In this paper,by means of analyzing the common mechanical failures,which resulted from the switch being leakage of electricity,several measures to fix a breakdown are introduced.Therefore,It is recommended that the reasons of the failure can be found by determining whether vector sum of threephase electric current going through the switch is zero or not.


As-deposited ZnO/diamondlike carbon (DLC) was prepared using the laser ablation technique on ZnO/C targets, and in situ oxidized ZnO/DLC was prepared by using the same technique, but with the presence of oxygen on Zn/C targets. Transmission electron microscopy showed that ZnO/DLC films were obtainable by using both methods, but only in situ oxidized ZnO/DLC films showed the ultraviolet absorption at ˜370 nm. In situ oxidized films are highly sp ^3-bonded and rougher than as-deposited films, but as-deposited films are mechanically harder, stiffer, and have higher adhesion strength than in situ oxidized films. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that a lower fraction of SiC, but a higher fraction of sp ^3 bonding was formed in the in situ oxidized ZnO/DLC. This hinted that the presence of oxygen might have scattered the plume's expansion and reduced the energy possessed by the ions, thus reducing the graphitization and the formation of SiC in DLC matrix. Hence, by altering the deposition mechanism during laser ablation, ZnO/DLC films with modified material properties can be tailored.


Narratives of mixed ancestry in Cape Verde use gender as common denominator in the weaving of a Creole nation. These narratives may hide tensions, conflicts, and adversities, but they also contain elements of fusion and national cohesion. They are and have been gendered narratives, partial and selective of the elements of fusion substantiating and sustaining a Cape Verdean identity vis-a-vis the multiple symbolic and material challenges faced by this young postcolonial nation-state. In them, Cape Verde is portrayed as an exceptional African case without ethnic conflict with boundaries carved by the ocean, free from ethnic conflict, and without a pre-colonial past through which to filter present realities.


OBJECTIVE
To assess the impact of previously provided orthodontic treatment on the normative need in a sample of young adult Peruvians.

METHODS
Six hundred and thirty five freshmen, representative of all first year students registering in 2002 at a private university in Lima, were randomly screened to obtain 63 cases and 126 controls. A case was defined as having a definite orthodontic treatment need determined by the DAI and IOTN indices simultaneously. A control was defined as having no need of orthodontic treatment based on both indices. Students were also asked if they had previously undergone any orthodontic treatment. Binary logistic regression was used for the statistical analysis.

RESULTS
Sex, age and socioeconomic status of the students were not statistically associated with normative orthodontic treatment need (p = 0.258, 0.556 and > or = 0.272 respectively). The percentage of students with a previous history of orthodontic treatment was similar between the cases and the controls (14.3 per cent and 11 .9 per cent respectively). There were no statistically significant associations between the variables.

CONCLUSIONS
The impact of previously provided orthodontic treatment on the current normative need of young adults was limited. Properly designed studies are required to assess the reasons for these findings.


Background and Aim: The most common conditions leading to a stoma (abdominal surgery) include colorectal bowel cancers and inflammatory diseases. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on psychological distress and rumination in colostomy patients. Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up with the control group. The statistical population of this study included colostomy patients referred to the psychosomatic ward of Imam Khomeini hospital in Sari in 2019, of which 50 were selected by convenience sampling method based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and were divided into experimental and control groups (each group consisted of 25 people). The experimental group was placed weekly in 8 sessions of 120 minutes. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, psychological distress scale (Kessler et al., 2002), and rumination response questionnaire (Nolen-Hoeksema and Marrow, 1993) and analyzed by covariance analysis SPSS.22 software. The significance level of the tests was 0.05. Results: The results of this study showed that acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) was effective on psychological distress (p <0.001) and rumination (p <0.001) in colostomy patients. Conclusion: Considering the positive effect of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on psychological distress and rumination of colostomy patients, it is recommended to use these capacities and training in planning mental health programs, especially in colostomy patients.


Ultra-low frequency (ULF) magnetospheric plasma waves play a key role in the dynamics of the Earth’s magnetosphere and, therefore, their importance in Space Weather studies is indisputable. Magnetic field measurements from recent multi-satellite missions are currently advancing our knowledge on the physics of ULF waves. In particular, Swarm satellites have contributed to the expansion of data availability in the topside ionosphere, stimulating much recent progress in this area. Coupled with the new successful developments in artificial intelligence, we are now able to use more robust approaches for automated ULF wave identification and classification. The goal of this effort is to use a machine learning technique to classify ULF wave events using magnetic field data from Swarm. We construct a Convolutional Neural Network that takes as input the wavelet power spectra of the Earth’s magnetic field variations per track, as measured by each one of the three Swarm satellites, aiming to classify ULF wave events in four categories: Pc3 wave events, background noise, false positives, and plasma instabilities. Our primary experiments show promising results, yielding successful identification of 90% accuracy. We are currently working on producing larger datasets, by analyzing Swarm data from mid-2014 onwards, when the final constellation was formed.


Abstract Thin films of barium strontium titanate were r.f. sputter deposited at various temperatures, gas pressures, and gas compositions on both p-type and n-type (111) and (100) silicon substrates. Ellipsometry techniques were used to determine thickness and refractive index, while X-ray Bragg diffraction was used to determine the degree of crystallinity and orientation. SEM was used to reveal surface morphology and domain structure. Semi-transparent gold electrodes were evaporated on the films, to facilitate electrical characterization. Capacitance vs. voltage, current vs. voltage, and photocurrent measurements were used to characterize the MFS (metal ferroelectric semiconductor) capacitor structures. From these tests, dielectric constant, resistivity, pyroelectric coefficient, and breakdown field were determined.


This paper presents a simple technique for estimating the space location from which a certain image has been taken. The basic assumption is that the scene portrayed in the image is planar. The method is based on the acquisition of a new set of images, closely resembling the given image. The location is recovered from the parameters describing the camera's pose during the acquisition of that among the new images showing the highest degree of correlation with the original image. An example of application of this technique is discussed in the paper.


This research is to analyse the existing cooperation between universities and the construction industry and to investigate what is the most effective model for long-term cooperation between an academic university and the private construction sector. The current article describes the human resources management tools to be used by employers to create interrelations between the paid salaries and productivity, thus providing both individual and corporate results. The suggested different tools contribute to keeping employees satisfied and motivated, simultaneously properly balancing productivity and individual earnings. The researchers conclude that it is necessary to create a new model for personnel selection and a new approach to stimulate motivation and maintenance within the construction industry. In order to respond to the needs of the sector for professionals and the required increase of the qualifications of the mentioned specialists, it is necessary that the country improves the level of education of the future professionals for the construction industry and changes the system of testing their professional qualifications, which means cooperation between the educational institutions and the industry. The suggested cooperation model by authors may provide a general guideline for further detailed researches and its implementation may help similar-sized economies to make possible national adjustments. The implementation of this model in bigger and/or developed economies should be justified by separate additional research.


Abstract Using zinc acetate, cerium acetate and glycerol as main raw materials, the Ce doped ZnO (Ce/ZnO) with molar doping ratio of 0.1%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0% and 3.0% were prepared by hydrothermal method at 200 °C. The structure and morphology of prepared Ce/ZnO were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron spectroscopy (EDS) and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). The visible-light photocatalytic activity of prepared Ce/ZnO was investigated by methyl orange which was used as simulated sewage. The results show that the optimum doping amount of Ce/ZnO is 0.5% Ce, and the band gap width of 0.5% Ce/ZnO is red-shifted from 3.12 eV to 2.79 eV. The morphology of ZnO and Ce/ZnO are all mainly spherical particles. The average particle diameter of ZnO and Ce/ZnO are all from about 3μm to 4μm. The 0.5% Ce/ZnO show highly photocatalytic activity for the degradation of methyl orange under visible light irradiation, and the degradation of methyl orange conforms to the first order power with the apparent rate in paper 0.018 min−1.


Ca 2+ -, Mg 2+ -, Mg 2+ ,Ca 2+ - and Mg 2+ -EGTA-ATPase activities of natural actomyosin (NAM) from kuruma prawn (Penaeus japonicus) at different temperatures were determined. The maximal activities of all ATPase were observed at 35 C and subsequently decreased with increasing temperatures. The loss in Ca 2+ -sensitivity was noticeable as the temperatures increased, suggesting the denaturation of regulatory proteins. The autolysis of kuruma prawn muscle was also investigated at different temperatures. The maximal autolytic activity was found at 60 C. NaCl at higher concentrations exhibited the greater inhibitory effect toward autolysis. Metalloproteinase inhibitors including 1,10-phenanthroline, EDTA, EGTA and pyrophosphate at the range of 1-10 mM could inhibit the autolysis of kuruma prawn muscle as evidenced by the lower trichloroacetic acid-soluble peptide content and more myosin heavy chain (MHC) band intensity retained. The result suggested that heat-activated metalloproteinases involved in the autolysis of kuruma prawn muscle at the elevated temperatures.


269 Background: There are strong data showing that patients (pts) with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) receiving chemotherapy experience better quality of life (QOL) and longer overall survival (OS) when palliative care (PC) services are integrated early in their treatment course. Therefore, at our cancer center, pts with stage IV NSCLC have been referred to PC by oncology providers. In this study, we evaluated the uptake of PC services, specifically in pts with NSCLC who received immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). ICIs have been considered to have less severe or less frequent adverse effects as compared to chemotherapy, possibly leading to fewer referrals to PC. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of all pts at the Mayo Clinic Cancer Center in Florida who received single-agent ICI therapy for the treatment of stage IV NSCLC at any point between July 1, 2015, and July 1, 2022. The primary aim was to evaluate the uptake of PC services before or during treatment with ICIs. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize pt demographics and outcomes. Results: 129 pts were identified. 53.4% were male, and 46.6% were female. The majority of pts (84.4%) were white. 62 pts (48.0%) were seen by a PC provider before or during ICI treatment; 41 of these (31.7%) were seen by PC after starting ICI therapy. When grouped by year of ICI initiation, 30/73 pts (41.0%) treated between 2015 and June 2018 were seen by a PC provider, as compared to 15/31 pts (48.3%) treated between July 2018 and June 2020 and 17/25 pts (68.0%) treated between July 2020 and July 2022. Interestingly, the majority of pts who received PC services in the 2020-2022 group (12/17, or 70.5%) were seen by a PC provider for the first time prior to ICI initiation, whereas the majority of pts who received PC services prior to July 2020 (37/45, or 82.2%) were seen by a PC provider for the first time after ICI initiation. The mean number of PC visits increased from 1.59 in the 2015-2018 group to 1.84 in the 2018-2020 group and 4.96 in the 2020-2022 group. Conclusions: Uptake of PC services in pts with stage IV NSCLC receiving single-agent ICIs at our cancer center has increased over time, which is encouraging. Nevertheless, the numbers remain suboptimal, with less than 70% of pts receiving PC services. We plan to develop a multidisciplinary quality improvement project involving implementation of a mechanism to ensure that most patients with stage IV NSCLC, regardless of the type of systemic treatment they receive, are receiving PC services.