The multispanning membrane protein vacuole membrane protein 1 (VMP1) marks and regulates endoplasmic reticulum (ER)‐domains associated with diverse ER‐organelle membrane contact sites. A proportion of these domains associate with endosomes during their maturation and remodeling. We found that these VMP1 domains are enriched in choline/ethanolamine phosphotransferase and phosphatidylinositol synthase (PIS1), 2 ER enzymes required for the synthesis of various phospholipids. Interestingly, the lack of VMP1 impairs the formation of PIS1‐enriched ER domains, suggesting a role in the distribution of phosphoinositides. In fact, depletion of VMP1 alters the distribution of PtdIns4P and proteins involved in the trafficking of PtdIns4P. Consistently, in these conditions, defects were observed in endosome trafficking and maturation as well as in Golgi morphology. We propose that VMP1 regulates the formation of ER domains enriched in lipid synthesizing enzymes. These domains might be necessary for efficient distribution of PtdIns4P and perhaps other lipid species. These findings, along with previous reports that involved VMP1 in regulating PtdIns3P during autophagy, expand the role of VMP1 in lipid trafficking and explain the pleiotropic effects observed in VMP1‐deficient mammalian cells and other model systems.


The subject of this work was the development of a microfluidic multistep
process for the synthesis of noble metal nanoparticle systems. The
underlying question of the experimental studies demanded a statement about
the advantages of the selected microfluidic synthesis strategy to the
ensemble properties of the investigated noble metal nanoparticle systems. A
continuous process under micro flow-through conditions, which is already
known to be advantageous from a previous work, shows a high potential for
the controlled generation of homogeneous nanoparticle systems. In this work
it will be investigated, whether the use of micro fluid segment technique
enables a further significant improvement of the quality of the different
product particles regarding size distribution, yield of the desired shape,
and thus, the optical properties. This requirement shall apply to both
cases: particle formation by homogeneous nucleation and also by
heterogeneous nucleation with controllably adjustable metal deposition on
preformed nuclei. To demonstrate the suitability of the droplet-based
micro flow-through method for the synthesis of nanoparticulate materials as
well as for the tuning of the physical nanoparticle properties, three
nanoparticle systems were selected that furthermore display in addition to
interesting optical, electronic, and chemical properties distinct
differences in composition, shape, or crystal structure. When selecting the
nanoparticle systems it was considered that potentially interesting
materials for further basic research – for example in areas of
heterogeneous catalysis, sensors or bioanalysis – result from the
syntheses. Against this background, triangular silver nano prisms,
gold/silver core/double shell, and single-crystalline gold nano cubes were
chosen as model systems. With these experiments it could be shown that
the physical properties of different nano-particle systems can be addressed
exactly under application of the droplet-based micro flow-through
technique. Furthermore, the particle size distributions of the investigated
nanoparticle systems were reduced and, based on that, narrower absorption
bands were measured in optical spectroscopy. As a result of the work,
optimized, reproducible synthesis protocols for droplet-based micro
flow-through methods were presented, which allow a precise adjustment of
the physical properties for triangular silver nano prisms, gold/silver core
double shell nanoparticles and gold nano cubes with single-crystalline
structure.


Noisy quantum channels may be used in many information-carrying applications. We show that different applications may result in different channel capacities. Upper bounds on several of these capacities are proved. These bounds are based on the coherent information, which plays a role in quantum information theory analogous to that played by the mutual information in classical information theory. Many new properties of the coherent information and entanglement fidelity are proved. Two nonclassical features of the coherent information are demonstrated: the failure of subadditivity, and the failure of the pipelining inequality. Both properties arise as a consequence of quantum entanglement, and give quantum information new features not found in classical information theory. The problem of a noisy quantum channel with a classical observer measuring the environment is introduced, and bounds on the corresponding channel capacity proved. These bounds are always greater than for the unobserved channel. We conclude with a summary of open problems.


The gene encoding the major capsid polypeptide (MCP 48) of frog virus 3 (FV 3) has been mapped on the viral DNA. Late FV 3 messenger RNA, hybrid-selected by the SalI-F fragment or a subset of these sequences, BamHI-L and -W fragments, directed the synthesis in vitro of a 48 000 mol. wt. (48K) polypeptide. This product was recognized by monospecific antibodies raised against the major capsid polypeptide. The RNA complementary to these DNA sequences was about 1350 nucleotides in size. This transcript, encoding MCP 48, was precisely located; S1 nuclease analysis indicated that its 5' end mapped at 1250 nucleotides to the right and its 3' end at 160 nucleotides to the left of the BamHI site at the junction between the BamHI-W and -L fragments.


Combined with characteristics of the fire in petrochemical enterprises, fighting and safety tips of typical fire in tower reactor container, furnace, framework region, oil tanks and liquefied petroleum gas storage tanks were described.


Objective To explore the change of Notch signal in lung tissue of rat with pulmonary hypertension(PH) induced by hypoxia during the development and progression of PH and pulmonary vascular remodeling.Methods Thirty-five Wistar male rats were randomly assigned to 7 groups.In addition to a control group,there were 6 hypoxic PH model groups which were treated in hypoxic environment for 1 day,3 days,1 week,2 weeks,3 weeks,4 weeks,respectively.Mean pulmonary arterial pressure(mPAP) and fulton index of hypoxic rats were measured at those different time points.Paraffin sections and HE dying of their right lungs were made in order to observe their pulmonary vascular remodeling.Notch 1,2,3,4 receptors mRNA and HERP 1,2 mRNA levels of their left lungs were detected by real time fluorescent quantitation.Software of SPSS 12.0 was used to analyze all data.Results The mPAP of hypoxic rats rose to the peak at 2 weeks point,and then maintained at a higher level,but their fulton index continued to advance.The variations of mRNA of Notch 1,3,4 receptors mRNA and HERP 1 mRNA were time-dependent,that was,the levels of Notch 1,4 receptors mRNA and HERP 1 mRNA peaked at 2 weeks after hypoxic,while when it came to Notch 3 receptor,it peaked in 1 week after hypoxic.Totally the trends of these alterations were coincident with the variations of mPAP.The level of Notch 2 receptor mRNA showed no obvious change.Conclusions During the development and progression of hypoxic PH,Notch signal alter in a time-dependent manner,and the alteration trends are coincident with the variations of mPAP.Notch signaling probably involves in the pathogenesis of pulmonary vascular remodeling of PH.1


The current study proposed a method for estimating biological movement variability in order to examine its effect on 10 m sprinting performance. Two 250 Hz cameras recorded the sprinters (male, n=10) action across four trials to enable the kinematics of their block start and initial strides to be obtained using motion analysis software (APAS). Infra-red timing lights were utilised to measure the 10 m sprinting times. The coefficient of variation (CV %) calculation was adjusted in order to separate biological movement variability (BCV %) from variability induced by measurement error (SEE %). This adjustment revealed that measurement error highly inflated traditional measures of movement variability (CV %) by up to 72%,. Variability in task outcome kinematics was considerably lower than that observed in joint rotation patterns. Few biological variability measures had a direct relationship with reduced sprinting time.


conditions as complex traits resulting from the interplay of genetic (biological) and environmental variables (e.g. gene– environment interaction and stress vulnerability model). The Italian law 180 was focused mainly on psychotic disturbances and the elimination of Psychiatric hospitals through patients de-institutionalization and rehabilitation, but to some extent it disregarded the need for care of other psychopathological conditions that are no less important. Consequently, hospitals and outpatient clinics have been filled with chronic psychotic patients resulting in depressed and anxious subjects shifting to private services and psychologists. Indirect evidence of this process is provided by the greater amount of antidepressants prescribed by private clinicians compared to those coming from Public Mental Health Services (7). As a result, we witness the paradox that, despite flourishing of important scientific and clinical acquisitions in the field of depression and anxiety, recent generations of psychiatrists possess a limited knowledge of innovative clinical and therapeutic directions for management of these disorders, concentrating on chronic psychotic patients, which frequently represent the majority of the patients in the psychiatric units (8). Another consequence of the law has been the over-emphasis on the social context of mental disorders, paying less attention to the clinical phenomenology and diagnostic discrimination with the identification of clinical targets , useful in the choice of pharmacological and ⁄or psychotherapeutic treatments and their mutual integration. This has led, in many cases, to a vision of the work of the psychiatrist in almost exclusively bureaucratic and administrative terms, disregarding what in other Western countries was in progress in terms of providing care under a global scheme of management, employing multidimensional programs based on the personalization of the care. As a result, the figure of the psychiatrist has frequently lost its medical identity, often becoming bureaucrat, social-worker or psychologist in the field of mental health. Psychiatrists need therefore to return to being clinicians, to resume their proper skill and role, focusing on clinical aspects like early diagnosis, comorbidity and innovative treatments. Wishing for Psychiatry to continue to flourish as a discipline in the medical field, we must endeavour to rediscover a diagnostic and therapeutic clinical dimension, overcoming reductionistic visions of a purely socio-psychological type, which are under many aspects obsolete and mostly ideological. In fact, regaining their clinical ⁄ therapeutic attitude, psychiatrists seem irreplaceable in light of their unique knowledge of the complexity of the pathogenetic determinants of mental disorders and peculiar clinical capacity of making differential diagnoses and planning multi-dimensional and personalized treatments (9).


This article is a comparative look at the cluster reduction patterns of English #sC onsets in three groups of children. Data from 40 monolingual, 40 Spanish–English bilingual and 40 Haitian Creole–English bilingual children were examined. While there were several similarities in the patterns exhibited by the three groups, there was a sharp contrast regarding /sl-/ clusters between monolingual children and the two groups of bilinguals. Among the predictions offered for reduction patterns in recent literature, 'factorial typology' of ) appeared to be the most successful.


Origanum vulgare L. was collected from Ardebil, Guilan and Mazandaran provinces to assess the fumigant toxicity of its extract and determine LC50 and LC95 values for different developmental stages of Callosobruchus maculatus F. and Tribolium confusum J. du Val. It was extracted by solvents including methanol and dichloromethane. Eggs, larvae and adult of both species were exposed to dichloromethane and methanol extracts of O. vulgare for 72 hours. LC50 and LC95 values of dichloromethane extract were calculated 2084.51 and 4991.24 μl/l air for adults of T. cofusum, and 2282.80 and 6684.71μl/l air for adults of C. maculatus, respectively. Also, LC50 and LC95 values of methanol extract were 1726.57 and 5395.60 μl/l air for adults of T. cofusum, and 2040.88 and 5607.77 μl/l air for adults of C. maculatus, respectively. ŢƟŚƿŹŵ èå è æèíê ƁźƿŸě  æç é æèíë ÐÍ ƝƹźƘƯ ƱřŹŚƨưƷ ƹ ƶƘƫŚƐƯ ƽ ƵŹŚƈƗ İƴǀųŶţ źŧř ƽ ƵŚǀĭ Origanum vulgare


Abstract Unexpected project risk events are important for managers to evaluate and control large-scale projects. In the past, these issues are widely handled by event studies. However, event studies have been criticized for its irrational assumption, such as normal distribution and constant variance. In this paper, we consider a dummy GARCH model, which releases the assumption of the normal distribution, to deal with the impact of unexpected project risk events. In addition, the important events are detected automatically by using the ICSS, instead of determining by decision makers. From the result of our empirical studies, it can be seen that the flexibility of the proposed method is better than that of traditional event studies.


The present study was undertaken to examine the potential value of cetylmannoside‐modified multilamellar liposomes (Man‐MLV) as carriers for transfer of macrophage activators to blood monocytes. Highly purified blood monocytes were isolated by centrifugal elutriation from healthy donors under cndotox in‐free conditions. Freshly prepared monocytes phagocytosed Man‐MLV to a lesser extent than monocyte‐derived macrophages, but they took up Man‐MLV much more effectively than control liposomes without cetylmannoside (control MLV). Phagocytosis of Man‐MLV, but not control MLV by monocytes was inhibited by addition of D‐mannose, but not of D‐galactose. Desmethyl‐muramyl dipeptide (norMDP) entrapped in Man‐MLV was far more effective than norMDP entrapped in MLV in activating monocytes to the tumoricidal state. The effect of encapsulation of recombinant human macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (M‐CSF) in Man‐MLV on prolongation of survival of monocytes was examined. Blood monocytes that had been incubated for up to 21 days with Man‐MLV containing 5–20 U of M‐CSF per ml were effective in prolonging monocyte survival, but monocytes that had been incubated in medium with less than 50 If/ml of M‐CSF or with control MLV containing 5–10 U of M‐CSF showed no increase of monocyte survival over that in medium alone. Addition of rabbit anti‐M‐CSF antiserum did not affect survival prolongation of monocytes by M‐CSF encapsulated in Man‐MLV. We conclude that liposomes modified with cetylmannoside are far more effective than unmodified liposomes as a carrier to deliver biological response modifiers to human blood monocytes.


This study aims to explore the potential of zakat, infak, and alms (ZIA) and describe the institutional existence of the National Zakat Management Agency (popularly called BAZNAS) of Jombang Regency. To achieve this goal, the study used a qualitative field approach, expose facto, explorative, and descriptive analysis techniques Miles and Huberman. There are three points of conclusion. First, the potential of ZIA funds in Jombang is Rp. 561.943.512,- per month or Rp. 6,743,322,145,- per year. This amount comes from two agencies, namely the Regional Personnel Agency and the Ministry of Religious Jombang Regency. Potential ZIA funds can be explored further from 26 agencies and other companies in Jombang. Second, the existence of BAZNAS Jombang gets national juridical support in the form of legislation about zakat but not yet armed with Local Regulation of Zakat. Its role recently has been limited to internal coordination meetings, external consultations, unit for collecting zakat (UCZ) training, socialization of Zakat Law, and the collection of infak from Muslim government employees at the Government Office of Jombang Regency. Third, the supporting factors: (1) the normative basis of the Qur'an and the Hadith of the Prophet; (2) juridical foundation in the form of Zakat Law; (3) structural support; (4) operational fund guarantee; (5) organizational management system supported by the availability of building, space, and representative work facilities, and its human resources; (6) cooperation network with agencies and companies in accordance with the needs of ZIS fund raising program. Inhibiting factors: (1) there is no Zakat Regulation or other juridical provision for the collection of ZIS in Jombang Regency; (2) not yet available part of human resources needed according to requirement of distribution development; (3) there is no development of information media available to facilitate the communication of ZIS fund raising program; (4) not yet optimal management function and organizational management as the main strength of ZIS distribution programs. This research recommends the development of further research to be more intensive and optimal about the potential of ZIS fund, especially in BAZNAS of Jombang Regency and generally the Zakat Management Institutions (popularly called LAZ) in Jombang Regency.


The purpose of this paper is to provide accurate and correct references to become a reference for creating policies that are fair for employees and safe for companies or employers—data collection techniques with literature studies and documentation. The study revealed that al Ujrah (wages) are payments or rewards, which can be goods, money, or other types of assets. Wages are given as an achievement for the results of a business or service provided by individuals. Payments (al-ujrah) are based on a work contract (contract), so adjustments to the mechanism and its implementation must also be carried out by deliberation and agreement between the workers and the employer, reflecting fairness and mutual understanding.
Public interest statements
This article describes the concept of al Ujrah in Islam, which is appropriate as a reference for problems faced by companies or entrepreneurs when experiencing economic difficulties, especially learning from the experience of financial difficulties when faced with the issue of the Covid-19 pandemic.
Article historyReceived: 1/14/2023 | Revised: 5/14/2023 | Accepted: 5/20/2023 | Online First: 5/21/2023


Software estimation is a significant activity in software development.Analogy is the most common and comprehensible method among software estimation methods.In order to describe the difference influence of software project attribution to estimation resulting attribution,an analogy method is introduced.We use the multiple linear regression method to predict the weighted coefficient,which increases the efficiency of estimation,and improves the precision of result.


Based on the experimental study on four RC frame beams strengthened with external prestressing tendon, the effect of lateral restrains on loaded behavior of frame beam is analyzed;, The number of effective prestress of frame beam by the influence of lateral restraints is discussed ; Then the finite element software is used, and the effect of the change of differ parameters and lateral restrains on frame beams strengthened with external prestressing tendon is analyze further.


The invention relates to a conductive nylon material and a preparation method thereof. The nylon material comprises the following components in part by weight: 50 to 90 parts of matrix nylon, 1 to 5 parts of carbon nanotubes, 0.1 to 0.5 part of antioxidant, 0.1 to 0.5 part of lubricant, and 10 to 20 parts of toughening agent. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: uniformly mixing the matrix nylon, the antioxidant, the lubricant, the toughening agent and the like, feeding through a main feeding hole, feeding carbon nanotube fibers into a high speed mixer through a side feeding hole, mixing, and extruding, dragging and granulating in a twin-screw extruder to obtain the product. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the carbon nanotube fibers are selected as a conductive filler for nylon 6, and the nylon material with good conductivity is obtained by a simple process under the condition of not influencing mechanical properties of nylon.


This article discusses a way to increase controllability of an unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) when data link is not or only temporarily available, by providing user-adaptable reactive behaviors of a UAV to events, and user-adaptable constraints of how to execute a task. Manned military missions can greatly benefit from the information provided by the combined deployment with UAVs. Effective use of current unmanned systems is dependent on a continuous datalink. Various reasons can cause a temporary interruption of a datalink in military missions. An interrupted datalink prevents timely delivery of gathered information by the UAV, possibly severely decreasing mission effectiveness. The impact on mission effectiveness can be minimized, if the unmanned system continues with its task execution during the interruption of the datalink. Since an interrupted datalink makes it also impossible for the commanding pilot to issue or alter commands, a continuance of execution without a datalink has a negative impact on controllability of the automated system. We aim to increase controllability during datalink outages by allowing the pilot to define automatic behaviors, which shall be executed by the UAV if certain events occur as well as constraints defining how to execute tasks and reactions. The occurrence and time of these events is uncertain while the datalink is still available, hence a direct and explicit formulation of a reaction is impossible. The commanding pilot can define reactive behaviors and constraints separately for each task issued to a UAV. This contribution describes a functioning prove of concept implementation of necessary automation functions and an interface for user-adaptable behaviors in a full mission, Manned-Unmanned Teaming (MUM-T) helicopter simulator. Automation functions have been integrated by extending an existing hierarchical task network used to issue high level commands to a UAV, the user interface has been fully integrated into a tactical command interface. Preliminary tests during testing and development of the automation functions and interface suggest the desired increase in operational capabilities and controllability by the pilot but also a rise in complexity for formulating a task. The possibility to define behaviors with reactions to events can greatly improve contingency planning capabilities and resilience towards datalink interruptions. Although this article explicitly describes military use cases, the concept of user-adaptable behaviors can contribute to a safe and effective integration of UAV into non-segregated civilian air space by enabling situation adapted reactions to system failures.


The present paper aimed to analyse the implementation stutas of policy of linking the increase in urban construction land with the decrease in rural construction land in Yunnan Province (hereinafter referred to as "lingking policy" and its project referred to as "linking project"). The main types of linking project were also discussed in this paper. During the process of linking policy implementation, some problems have been worked out which included small-scale structure and the poor performance of linking projects, failure to integrate investment funds due to many investors, farmers' right largely outside the protection due to the imperfect benefit assignment system, lack of understanding of linking policy, inefficiency of supervision and inspection system, etc. In order to promote the improvement of linking policy and implementation of linking project, some countermeasures, viz., overall planning of linking project based on the principle of whole-village advancement, enhancement of fund integration, perfection of linking project operational mode, improvement of implementation measures for linking policy to protect farmers' legitimate rights, strengthening propaganda, perfection of supervision and management system, etc., have been recommended.


The invention provides a carrier-free semiconductor PoP (package on package) structure. The structure comprises pins of a first metal frame, a first chip, a first bonding wire, first metal pieces, pins of a second metal frame, a second chip, a second bonding wire and second metal pieces, wherein fluxes are arranged above the first metal pieces connected with the second chip; the first chip forms circuit communication through a first pin of the first frame and the first metal pieces; the second chip forms circuit communication through a first pin of the second frame, the second metal pieces and other pins of the first frame. The carrier-free semiconductor PoP structure is more practical. The product size is reduced, the production cost is saved, the production process is simplified, the yield of products is increased, and the reliability of the products is guaranteed. The package yield of the products is increased, the production cost is reduced, the product size is reduced, and meanwhile, performance requirements for high-power, high-power-consumption and high-heat-dissipation products are met.


A criterion for stability of a 2-D matrix rational approximant over a Hankel grid is developed, based on the input data. The criterion yields a sufficient condition for BIBO stability.


In a conc. sulfuric acid medium, NO- 3 acting as an oxidizing agent, reacts with diphenylamine, producing a blue colored imidoquinonoid compound. The intensity of the blue color is directly proportional to the concentration of NO- 3 ion. Based on these facts, a simple and rapid method for the detection of NO- 3 in leafy vegetables is proposed. Colorimetric detection of NO- 3(mg·kg -1) in vegetable sample is performed by comparing visually the intensity of the blue color with an artificially prepared standard color chart. The results obtained by this method are in consistency with those obtained by the conventional method.


Objective:To investigate the reltated factors for velamentous cord insertion(VCI) and perinatal outcomes and to explore its early diagnosis and treatment measures.Methods: From Jan 2010 to Dec 2010,102 cases with VCI(study group),200 cases of normal pregnancy(control group) were enrolled in this study.Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the related factors for VCI.Chi-square test was used to compare perinatal outcomes between these two groups.Results:10 related factors were found to be with statistical significance by single factor analysis.Multi-factor logistic regression figured out 5 related factors for VCI,which were as follows:multiple pregnancy(OR = 18.69,P0.01),accessory placenta(OR = 13.72,P 0.01),placenta previa(OR =12.06,P0.01),fetal malformation(OR =8.91,P0.01),premature rupture of membranes(OR = 2.08,P0.01).The incidence rates of caesarean section,fetal distress,premature birth and small for gestational age in the study group were significantly higher than those in control group(P0.05,P0.01).Conclusions:It is necessary to pay attention to correlation factors for VCI and improve ultrasonic diagnosis rate,perinatal outcome is weaker in velamentous cord insertion,caesarean section is mainly delivery manner.


In this chapter we propose Generic Ontology Design Patterns, GODPs, as a methodology for representing and instantiating ontology design patterns in a way that is adaptable, and allows domain experts (and other users) to safely use them without cluttering their ontologies.


Multucarrier code-division multiple access(MC-CDMA) is one of the promising technique for high capacity wireless communication. Hower the carrier phase error and frequency offest cause the performance degradation of MC-CDMA due to the inter-carrier interference. In this work, downlink performance of the partially coherent MC-CDMA is analytically derived in Rayleigh fading channels. The bit error rate sensitivity by combining method, Maxiaml ratio combining (MRC)and Equal gain combining(EGC), is compared as functions of phase errors. multi-user interference, and received signal-to-noise ratio. The results show that the susceptibility for the performance degradation of EGc and MRC is negligible for loop SNR's of above 15 dB and above 10 dB, respectivtely


A grid tantalum filament of a dimension of 3 x 4 cm 2 was used for diamond synthesis by hot-filament assisted chemical vapour deposition (HFCVD). After proper carburization, the filament could be used for multi-cycles of deposition. By heating the filament to 2400 °C in 8% CH 4 mixed with H 2 , diamond has been deposited at rate of about 5 μm/hour on (100) oriented silicon substrate placed 5 mm away from the filament. By X-ray diffraction (XRD), the structure of the films deposited in the mixture of CH4 and H 2 was characterized as diamond, while tantalum oxide was found in the presence of oxygen during deposition. The deposited diamond appeared uniform over an area of 2 x 3 cm 2 observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) perhaps due to the stable filament geometry. Raman spectra of these films showed a sharp peak near 1332 cm -1 , which indicated the presence of a large amount of sp 3 bonds in the film. The present grid filament can be scaled-up for large area diamond deposition.


Laparoscopic surgery has become gold standard surgical care in dealing certain pathologies particularly the benign diseases of gall bladder. Although laparoscopic cholecystectomy is costlier than its open counterpart, it does provide a much better quality‑of‑life to the patient. This has led to an increase in laparoscopic operations.


Objective
To study the impact of splenectomy and esophagogastric devascularization on the nutritional status of patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension.

Methods
Sixty consecutive patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension who underwent splenectomy and esophagogastric devascularization at the Beijing YouAn Hospital from April 5, 2015 to January 23, 2017 were included in this study. The body mass index (BMI), albumin (Alb), prealbumin (PA) and lymphocyte counts were prospectively collected at the end of 1-week, 1-month, 3-month, 6-month and 1-year after surgery. The postoperative results were compared with the preoperative results in these patients.

Results
The BMI results obtained at 1-week and 1-month after surgery were significantly lower than the preoperative level [(22.14±3.08)kg/m2 vs.(22.85±3.14)kg/m2, (21.72±3.05)kg/m2 vs.(22.86±3.16)kg/m2,P<0.05]. The BMI result at the end of 1-year after surgery was significantly elevated when compared with the preoperative level [(23.24±3.64)kg/m2 vs.(22.68±3.47)kg/m2,P<0.05]. The ALB levels at 1-month and 3-month after surgery were significantly higher than the preoperative level [(39.87±4.22)g/L vs. (35.35±5.15)g/L, (39.35±4.75)g/L vs. (34.82±5.50)g/L, P<0.05]. The PA obtained at 1-week after surgery was significantly lower than the preoperative levels [(79.59±26.52)mg/L vs. (121.77±39.96)mg/L, P<0.05]. The lymphocyte counts at all the points after surgery were significantly higher than the preoperative level (P<0.05).

Conclusion
Short term and long term nutritional status improved in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension after splenectomy and esophagogastric devascularization.

Key words:
Splenectomy; Devascularization; Cirrhosis; Portal hypertension; Nutritional status


The disclosed transmission device-which generates a data signal by compressing a broadcast stream that has as configuring elements frames configured from broadcast packets comprising a header section, a data section, and an additional information section without being aware of the frame configuration of the broadcast stream and in a manner so that a reception device can replay the broadcast stream, and which transmits the data signal using a plurality of transmission packets-contains: a generating unit that, when a null packet, which is a type of broadcast packet, is present within the broadcast stream, compresses the broadcast stream-generating a data signal-by means of converting a section to be compressed, which is at least a part of the portion configured from the header section and the data section in the null packet, to a display information section that indicates the null packet and that has a smaller size than the size of the section to be compressed; and a transmission unit that transmits a data signal using a plurality of transmission packets.


Abstract : An array of 15 current meters was set in the Northern Pacific from June 1981 to July 1982. It was located along 175 W from 51 N to 46 N, and instruments were set at 2000 m and deeper. The objective was to explore the northern boundary current system of the North Pacific. Current and temperature measures were made. The data are presented graphically as time series, histograms, scatter plots, progressive vector diagrams and spectral plots. Tables of statistics of temperature and velocity are also shown.


There is growing concern that the UK is not performing as well as it should in securing and promoting health for children and young people.1 The reasons behind the UK's child health problems are complex, including socioeconomic conditions and other upstream determinants of health, and health systems and healthcare factors, as shown in figure 1. A comprehensive strategy to improve UK child health should therefore include action across all the domains and determinants of health. Integrated care is about joining things up in order to meet health needs, and in ways that make sense to children and families. Therefore, it should make an important contribution towards improving child health. Although this hypothesis is plausible, and is the basis of a great deal of policy, evidence is still indirect and limited. A concerted effort towards improving healthcare and child health must be supported by a strong drive to improve children's health services and systems research.

Figure 1
Determinants of child health.

Currently there is a mismatch between health needs, which are increasingly about chronic conditions (physical and mental), and the health system that exists to meet health needs. Problems in healthcare partly explain the mismatch. Services are still largely centred around urgent care, but despite the focus on these services quality is variable and sometimes poor, and demand continues to rise.2 ,3 Planned care for children with long-term conditions often takes second place, and management of children with long-term conditions is suboptimal, leading to reduced quality of life and increased costs as these young people move into adulthood. Furthermore, workforce data suggest that our model of healthcare for children is not sustainable, but more importantly it is not fit for purpose in terms of outcomes.4 The resultant combination of poor health, suboptimal care outcomes and inefficient services is …


In this work, Schottky Au-Polycrystalline silicon diodes are successfully realised. The barrier height is around ФB  0.74 eV as determined from Capacitance – Bias (C-V) characteristics. The depth profile of the apparent doping is deduced from these measurements. Its behaviour leads to the experimental profile. Moreover, the diode admittance measurements versus the frequency and the temperature at different biases show the possibility to use this device to characterise the electrical quality of the polycrystalline silicon.


The correspondence between two coplanar sets of points (or lines) is established making use of a novel invariant representation of five-tuples of features. The projective/permutation (p/sup 2/) invariants are insensitive to the order of the features in the computation and thus provide a significant speedup in matching. Performance degradation due to the noise sensitivity of the invariants is avoided by using context independent constraints (noncollinearity of points, preservation of the convex hull); and by accumulating the feature correspondence hypotheses in a contingency table. Full projective correspondence can be recovered reliably for positional uncertainty of several pixels or in the presence of outliers.


The experimental model of parabiosis, which is set up through joining two animals by surgical operation, develops a common and shared circulatory system. The blood cells and soluble factors can exchange continuously at physiological levels through their intercommunicated blood circulation. The parabiosis animal model is considered as a powerful model to observe the effect of circulating factors on organisms function. In the heterochronic parabiosis model, old mice exposed to a youthful systemic milieu exhibited rejuvenated organism function. And in the isochronic parabiosis model, it was observed that relative healthy systemic milieu affected the pathophysiological process of its attached partner.

Key words:
Parabiosis animal model; Milieu; Aging


Proof-of-work blockchains reward each miner for one completed block by an amount that is, in expectation, proportional to the number of hashes the miner contributed to the mining of the block. Is this proportional allocation rule optimal? And in what sense? And what other rules are possible? In particular, what are the desirable properties that any "good" allocation rule should satisfy? To answer these questions, we embark on an axiomatic theory of incentives in proof-of-work blockchains at the time scale of a single block. We consider desirable properties of allocation rules including: symmetry; budget balance (weak or strong); sybil-proofness; and various grades of collusion-proofness. We show that Bitcoin's proportional allocation rule is the unique allocation rule satisfying a certain system of properties, but this does not hold for slightly weaker sets of properties, or when the miners are not risk-neutral. We also point out that a rich class of allocation rules can be approximately implemented in a proof-of-work blockchain.


In this study, the expenditures of food away from home of households are examined using the Household Consumption Expenditure Survey, which was conducted by the Turkish Institute of Statistics from 2002 to 2018. We adopt the Dependent Double Hurdle model with the incorporation of age, period, and cohort effects and the impact of socio-demographic variables. Analysis results reveal that the cohort and age effects are significant in both participation and consumption on food expenditure away from home of household. The findings suggest that the expenditure of food away from home for younger cohorts rises faster for older cohorts. The elasticity of food expenditures for cohorts and age groups is increasing from the youngest cohort and from the youngest age group to the oldest cohort which is the largest age group. The results show that participation and consumption decisions are significantly affected by income and demographic characteristics in Turkey.


Mathematical programs with equilibrium constraints (MPECs) are nonlinear programs which do not satisfy any of the common constraint qualifications. In order to obtain first order optimality conditions, constraint qualifications tailored to MPECs have been developed and researched in the past. This has been done by falling back on technical proofs or results from nonsmooth analysis. In this article, we use a completely different approach and show how the standard Fritz John conditions may be used in order to obtain short and elementary proofs for the most important optimality conditions for MPECs. As a by-product, we obtain a new stationarity concept.


The updated version 5.0 (March 1st, 2005) of the Catalogue of Wide-Field Plate Archives ( http://www.skyarchive.org ) is presented. This version includes additionally the original name of the telescopes used for observations, which enables the plate search in the observatories. The Catalogue includes information for 414 archives made in the astronomical observatories worldwide in the period 1879–2002. The distributions of 2 192 425 wide-field plates by different parameters as used telescopes (type, aperture, focal length, scale), period of observations, number of direct or spectral observations, archive type (table or computer-readable form), as well as inclusion in the WFPDB and location of the archives, are given.


Hyaluronic acid (HA) and its derivatives are widely used for intra-articular injection to augment compromised viscoelastic properties of damaged synovial fluid. Combining HA-based devices with anti-inflammatory drugs or bioactive principles in order to provide an additional benefit to the viscosupplementation is emerging as a new promising approach to improve the clinical outcome. Here, we aim to design a novel active viscosupplementation agent that can load and release hydrophobic drugs and at the same time possessing antioxidant properties. Optimized ternary systems named HCV based on HA, (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin (CD), and vitamin E (VE), without being engaged in formal chemical bonding with each other, showed the best viscoelastic and lubrication properties along with antioxidant capabilities, able to solubilize and release DF. The physical–chemical characterization suggested that the HCV system displayed rheological synergism and higher thermal stability because of the presence of VE and its antioxidant activity, and the loading of hydrophobic drugs was improved by the presence of CD and VE. Cell morphology and viability tests on L929 cells exhibited high biocompatibility of the HCV system with higher level expression of anti-inflammatory interleukin-10.


or recall of the child's birth weight by the mother in a clinical setting. The question that arises when this method is used is whether the memory of the mother is accurate enough to justify relying on memory instead of certificates. Data were obtained from 298 interviews with mothers whose children were participating in a dental program. The participants came mainly from the Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area, with a small proportion coming from other parts of Minnesota. Although the majority of the participants were white, black and Indian individuals were included in proportion to their percentage in the population (10%). The sample also included several socioeconomic levels ranging from the very low or welfare status through the middle class levels. Since data were obtained from interviews, the possibility of the mothers referring to any records was precluded; thus, the estimate was based strictly on recall of the mothers. The certificate weights were obtained and the difference between mother's recall and the certificate weight then was analyzed. A positive difference indicated an overestimate by the mother; a negative difference indicated an underestimate. The mean differences and standard deviations of these differences were calculated for different subgroups classified by sex of child and years since birth. Results are presented in Table 1. In addition, an analysis of variance was performed on the data (Table 2). Table 1 shows that in all groups but one, the mean differences are less than one ounce, and the majority of the classifications demonstrate less than a half ounce average error. Although it seems as if the mothers tended to underestimate the birth weights of male offspring and overestimate the weight of female offspring (except for the oldest age group), these differences were not statistically different. Other differences among the subgroups regard the variability of the difference scores represented by the standard deviations. Generally, it seems that the mothers' estimates of the weight of female offspring are somewhat more variable as


During the most recent educational reform in Estonia, a new National Curriculum was introduced in 2010 providing new guidelines for education generally and foreign languages specifically. To investigate the understanding that an EFL (English as a Foreign Language) teacher has about professional teaching and whether it matches the principles of the curriculum, a research was conducted amongst EFL teachers at the lower secondary school level. There were two research questions: What perceptions do EFL teachers have regarding effective teaching and learning? What methods and techniques of teaching EFL are most effective according to EFL teachers? beliefs?The study revealed that generally EFL teachers? beliefs about professional teaching are in concordance with the principles of the new curriculum, however are aspects that should be addressed by teacher education. Estonian EFL teachers support constructivist learning principles, but only to a certain extent: grammar focus and teacher-centredness are two major issues of concern that should be considered while designing both pre-service and in-service education programmes. Although Estonian EFL teachers generally support communicative principles of language teaching, there may be a further need to raise the profile of pedagogical-psychological courses in teacher preparation to give teachers more confidence in dealing with puberty-age students.


A comparative study of various methods of banana drying: solar natural convection drying (SNCD), LPG natural convection drying (LPGD) and solar forced convection drying with supplemental heat from LPG (SFCD+LPG), was performed. Experimental results showed that SNCD took 6-7 days (57 h) for completing one batch of bananas. Specific primary energy consumption and drying efficiency were 19.2 MJ/kg of water evaporated and 12.5% respectively. LPGD took 5 days (45 h) for completing one batch of bananas. Specific primary energy consumption and drying efficiency were 16.1 MJ/kg water evaporated and 15.8% respectively Economic analysis showed that SNCD has a discount pay-back period of 3.6 years and a benefit to cost ratio of 1.2 LPGD has shorter discount pay-back period and higher benefit to cost ratio, i.e., 2 years and 2.9 respectively. The last method, SFCD+LPG was not very attractive because of longer discount pay-back period, i.e., 10 years and a benefit to cost ratio lower than 1, i.e., 0.6.


(style: Abstract title) Much attention has focused on designing tools and activities that support learners in designing fully finished and functional applications such as games, robots, or e-textiles to be shared with others. But helping students learn to debug their applications often takes on a surprisingly more instructionist stance by giving them checklists, teaching them strategies or providing them with test programs. The idea of designing bugs for learning—or debugging by design —makes learners again agents of their own learning and, more importantly, of making and solving mistakes. In this paper, we report on our first implementation of "debugging by design" activities in a classroom of 25 high school students over a period of eight hours as part of a longer e-textiles unit. Here students were asked to craft buggy circuits and code for their peers to solve. In this paper we introduce the design of the debugging by design unit and, drawing on observations and interviews with students and the teacher, address the following research questions: (1) What did students gain from designing and solving bugs for others? (2) How did this experience shape students' completion of the e-textiles unit? In the discussion, we address how debugging by design contributes to students' learning of debugging skills.


The development of a high resolution projector with an ordinary visible and a special invisible infrared image projection is presented. The aim is to create an imaging system which is able to produce a realistic night vision impression, both for the naked eye and modern night vision devices. The electrical and optical set up of the night vision module and its integration into a standard projector is described.


In this study, we investigated a new zeta formula in which the zeta function can be expressed as the sum of an infinite series of delta and cosine functions. Our findings demonstrate that this formula possesses duality characteristics and we established a direct connection between the Riemann hypothesis and this new formula. Additionally, we explored the behavior of energy or particles in quantum physics within the proposed mathematical model framework based on the new formula. Our model provides a valuable understanding of several important physics inquiries, including the collapse of the wave function during measurement and quantum entanglement, as well as the double slits experiment.


There is a worldwide demographic trend toward an ageing population [1]: in the UK, elderly people are the most rapidly-increasing population of pain sufferers and research is urgently needed into the special needs of elderly people in pain [2]. Despite the increase in the prevalence of chronic pain among older people, they are under-represented in multidisciplinary pain clinics [3]. Chronic pain is generally defined as lasting more than three months [4]. The literature related to pain and coping suggests that elderly people use a more passive style of coping with life events [5], but Keefe and Williams [6] have noted that these differences may arise due to different life situations. In an Australian study, Lansbury [7] noted that elderly people experience both physical and psychological barriers in managing chronic pain, including access to health care, lack of information, and fear of loss of control and independence. In addition, she noted that elderly people often had several medical disorders. In particular, she found that older people preferred to cope by using home remedies rather than professional ones, and that they would benefit from learning to ask for assistance. Evidence that a majority of older people experience significant persistent pain has been cited by several authors [8, 9, 10 and 11]. However it is a misconception that pain is a normal part of ageing [12]. Chronic pain in older people has major implications for quality of life and care [13]. Pain is often under-treated in elderly patients due to several factors: patient fears, lack of education for health care professionals, and misconceptions that older people have a higher pain tolerance [14, 15, 16]. Davies and McVicar [17] note that pain, including that of older people, is under-treated in the UK, due to misconceptions of health professionals. The literature suggests that these misperceptions affect other parts of the world, as shown by Horgas reviewed 11 pain prevalence studies and suggested a peak in the prevalence of pain by 65 and a decline in reported pain in ages 75-84 and 85-plus. This may mean that older people are more reluctant to report pain [25]. Gaston–Johansson et al [26 ] argue that in order to treat pain effectively there needs to be an analysis of the causes, a framework for understanding the pain and a protocol to assist health-care professionals in assessing and treating pain in older people. Effective management of chronic pain in older …


Milk is perishable product which needs special attention in handling and storage. Milk handling container smoking and addition of leaves are common practices. The effects of the practices on the properties of raw cow milk are not evaluated. Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of smoking milk handing pots with Olea africana and addition of leaves of Lippia adoensis on physicochemical, microbial and sensory properties of milk. Milk samples were collected and treated in laboratory. The experiment had four treatments; milk sample kept in neither smoked pot nor leaves added(T1), milk sample kept in smoked pot(T2), milk sample with added leaves(T3), milk sample with added leaves in smoked pot(T4). Physico-chemical properties (pH, titratable acidity, alcohol and specific gravity), microbial properties (standard plate count, total coliform count and methylene blue reduction tests) and sensory properties (flavor, mouth feel, aroma, appearance and overall acceptability) were determined. Results indicated that the treatments significantly affected the properties of the milk. Highest pH and specific gravity was recorded for T2(6.80±0.01) and (1.0324±0.00), respectively. Maximum plate and coliform count was recorded for T1(2.47 and 0.54 log10 cfu/ml), respectively. Longest methylen blued reduction time was for T3(7:15 hours). Better score of mouth feel, aroma and overall acceptability was for T3(4.20±0.71), T2 (3.90±0.76) and T2(4.20±0.71), respectively. Thus, the use of Olea africana and Lippia adoensis improved the physico-chemical, microbial and sensory properties of the milk to some extent.


INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE:The male's penis has taken so much attention historically that the lowly clitoris of the female has received not enough attention. A more complete historiography reveals ...


Three types of trusting have been distinguished conceptually and empirically. In cooperative trusting the trust giver explicitly expects a reaction from the trust recipient that fits with the equality norm. In pure trusting, no explicit expectation is expressed by the giver. In selfish trusting the giver explicitly expects a reaction that benefits himself or herself at the expense of the recipient. We asked whether the three types of trust elicit distinctive reactions from trust recipients. Each participant was paired with a fictitious player who ostensibly enabled him or her to divide money between them. As hypothesized, both cooperative and pure trusting elicited more equal allocations than did selfish trusting. A second hypothesis, that cooperative trust would yield more equal allocations than pure trust, was not supported. Results are discussed in terms of equality norm, self-interest norm, reciprocity norm, reactance theory, social sanctioning, and the need to comply with others' expectations. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Keith BULLIVANT / Geoffrey GILES: Introduction: Germany and Eastern Europe Historical Perspectives: Ethnic and Cultural Identity in the Borderlands Volker R. BERGHAHN: Germans and Poles, 1871-1945 Richard BLANKE: When Germans and Poles Lived Together: From the History of German-Polish Relations Alan E. STEINWEIS: Eastern Europe and the Notion of the Frontier in Germany to 1945 Doris L. BERGEN: The 'Volksdeutschen' of Eastern Europe, World War II, and the Holocaust: Constructed Ethnicity, Real Genocide Martin ANDREE and Daniel FULDA: Anticommunism and (West) German Identity An Analysis of Metaphors and Concepts of History in the F.A.Z. (1949-1952) German Literature and Eastern Europe: Changing Mentalities Jurgen LIESKOUNIG: Branntweintrinkende Wilde Beyond Civilization and Outside History: The Depiction of the Poles in Gustav Freytag's Soll und Haben Alice FREIFELD: The De-Germanization of the Budapest Stage Walter PAPE: Vita Nuova: Moscow and the German Writers Anna CAMPANILE: Landscape of Memories: Eastern Euro-pean Rooms in the Poetry and Prose of Johannes Bo-browski Germany and Eastern Europe: Before and After 1989 Karl SCHLOGEL: Berlin: Stepmother among Russian Cities Patricia KOLLANDER: Malevolent Partnership or Blatant Opportunism? Croat-German Relations, 1919-1941 Thomas C. FOX: Imagining Eastern Europe in East Ger-man Literature Uwe KOREIK and Jiri STROMSIK: The Contemporary Czech View of Germany and the Germans Herta MULLER: In the Trap Brigid HAINES: Subjectivity (Un)Bound: Libuse Monikova and Herta Muller Rumjana KIEFER: The Image of Germany in Contemporary Bulgarian Literature Croat-German Relations, 1919-1941 Notes on Contributors Index


1 Auchenorrhyncha (Planthoppers and Leafhoppers) are not only pests of many crops, but they are also nontarget organisms with respect to Bt‐protein expressing genetically modified plants. As herbivorous arthropods, planthoppers and leafhoppers ingest Cry proteins depending on their feeding behaviour. Consequently, they are directly exposed to these entomotoxic proteins and can also serve as a source of Cry protein exposure to predatory arthropods. Therefore, it is reasonable to use Auchenorrhyncha in the risk assessment of genetically modified crops.


Phosphate mobility has been postulated as an indicator of early aqueous activity on Mars. In addition, rock surfaces analyzed by the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit are consistent with the loss of a phosphate- containing mineral To interpret phosphate alteration behavior on Mars, we performed column dissolution experiments leaching the primary phases Durango fluorapatite, San Carlos olivine, and basalt glass (Stapafjell Volcano, courtesy of S. Gislason, University of Iceland) [3,4]) with acidic solutions. These phases were chosen to represent quickly dissolving phases likely present in Columbia Hills. Column dissolution experiments are closer to natural dissolution conditions than batch experiments, although they can be difficult to interpret. Acidic solutions were used because the leached layers on the surfaces of these rocks have been interpreted as resulting from acid solutions [5].


Spendrups Bryggeri AB is the largest Swedish-owned brewery with breweries located in Grangesberg, Hallefors and Visby. Together the three breweries produce about 400 million liters of beverages a year, of which most of the production takes place in Grangesberg. In connection with the closure of the brewery in Varby the remaining equipment was moved to the facility in Grangesberg which resulted in an already large assortment became larger, and the company has realized that the demand for efficient changeover work has become increasingly order to remain profitable and competitive. Therefore Spendrups launched a project to reduce the changeover time for the company's production lines using the method SMED. The goal of the project is that in addition to reducing the changeover time introducing instructions of all the elements that need to be implemented during the conversion work because there is currently no standardized work between shifts. The purpose of the case study has been to identify one of the production lines and with the help of employees at the production line develop solution proposals for reducing changeover time. The SMED method has been the basis of the literature study required to complete the project. The philosophy of the SMED method is to identify the elements that are internal and external rack works, i.e. separating the activities that can only be performed when the machine is out of operation and the operations can be performed while the machine is in operation. The collection of data has been collected through qualitative studies where videotaping and interviews have been the cornerstones for future work and to enable the identification of the production line. The information collected has since formed the basis for the workshop operators and technicians from the production line attended to discuss the possible improvement. The workshop resulted in suggestions of what can be done to reduce changeover time. The proposals that came up consisted of technical-and work organization. Along with improvement proposals have work roles been developed, which will results in a reduced changeover time.


Improving the cosmetic appearance of mammalian hair and/or nails, especially increasing the Shine of mammalian hair and decreasing the brittleneSS and breakage of mam malian nails. More particularly, the invention relates to improving the appearance of mammalian hair and/or nails by orally administering a dietary Supplement comprising a Safe and effective amount of a Sugar amine to a mammal, preferably a human. In another aspect, the invention also relates to a method and an article of commerce.


Cyclic peptides are resistant to proteolytic cleavage, therefore potentially exhibiting activity after systemic administration. We hypothesized that the macrocyclic κ opioid receptor (KOR)‐selective antagonist [D‐Trp]CJ‐15,208 would demonstrate antagonist activity after systemic, that is, s.c. and oral (per os, p. o.), administration.


Postharvest processing, especially in picking, is an essential factor affecting the quality of Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora). This study was aimed to compare the effect of Postharvest processing on the quality of Robusta coffee. The Postharvest methods used in this research were the farmer's metods, natural process, semi-wet, and wet methods. The observed parameters in this study were physical quality, caffeine content and chlorogenic acid content. The results showed that the physical quality of the farmer's process, the dirt content exceeded 0.5%, had black seeds, cracked black, cocoa beans, cracked seeds, and hollow seeds which were higher than SNI (Indonesian National Standard) with quality number four based on the defect value. While the quality of the natural, semi-wet and wet methods was in accordance with SNI with quality number two. The results of further testing for the farmer method obtained caffeine content of 1.80% and chlorogenic acid content of 1.00%, natural method of 1.79 % caffeine and chlorogenic acid of 1.32%, the semi-wet method caffeine of 1.92% and chlorogenic acid of 1.28 %, wet method of the caffeine of 1.83% and chlorogenic acid of 1.25%. This shows that the processing with the lowest quality is shown in the processing method of farmers.


X-ray devices have been demonstrated to have the ability of revealing characteristics of material at the molecular and atomic level.This ability is particular important for detecting illicit materials.It has been proved to be an effective security inspection method and has been widely applied in public traffic stations.Aimed at a polychromatic spectrum X-ray CT system,a novel recognition algorithm of material density based on dual-energy curve is put forward,the material dual energy curve is calibrated through the gray value from high and low energy of the image.Reverse search method is used to determine the thickness of the material.The filtered back-projection reconstruction algorithm is used to reconstruct the electron density distribution of the material from,which the density information of the detected material can be obtained fastly and high efficiently.Combined with skyscan1076 CT test platform,this algorithm is verified to be correct,and the experimental results error are relative low.


Mozambique has been billed by donors as a success story of peace, stability and growth since the end of its devastating war in 1992, and has become a model and a testing ground for so called "new aid modalities", such as sector wide approaches (SWAps) and general budget support (GBS). Yet aid dependence has remained high, with aid more than 20% of gross national income. Mozambique has limited capacity to set the terms of the aid relationship and to take effective "ownership" and donors have clearly imposed policy choices. On the donor side, the relationship is based on limited trust and on limited acceptance of government leadership. The result is a 'pathological equilibrium', where Frelimo has been allowed to enrich itself through privatisation and corruption in exchange for publicly praising imposed donor policies.


The purpose of this experiment was to investigate possible fracture connections in EE-3 and their depths by flowing the well (by both venting and injection) while surveying temperatures. The ESS-6 slimline temperature and collar locator tool was used to survey inside the fracture string, through the patch, and then


User analysis is applied to make a comparison between the use of SISO and subject headings for the shelving and indexing of documents in the non-fiction department of a children's library. To what extent do these systems correspond with children's fields of interest, their knowledge frames and their search strategies ? Building on the results of the research - and bearing in mind that user-friendliness always calls for a localized implementation - a number of suggestions are made for a twofold alternative that combines the strenghts of both systems.


Nutritional deficiencies in Dioscorea esculenta (Lour.) Burk were studied using a novel culture system, applying a constant water table in acid-washed sand, and a demand-driven nutrient supply schedule. This system provided a stable growth environment and was highly efficient with respect to resources and labor. Yam plants (cv. Balbal) were propagated from 30 g tuber head setts and grown for 12 or 20 weeks, with nutrients supplied in the water reservoir to meet demand according to weekly leaf counts. Deficiencies of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sulfur were induced by reducing supply of the relevant nutrient to one tenth of normal. Deficiencies of iron, boron, manganese, zinc, copper, and molybdenum were induced by omitting the relevant nutrient from the culture medium. After 12 weeks, leaf blades of the main stem were sampled from four positions (immature, young expanded, mid, and old) weighed and analyzed for nutrient concentration, and dry weight of plant parts was recorded. Significant growth reduction was achieved for each deficiency except Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mo, which nonetheless developed some foliar symptoms. Effects on nutrient concentrations in leaves are reported, providing concentrations indicative of adequate and deficient status. Dioscorea esculenta was found to be particularly sensitive to Mn deficiency, although symptom presentation was atypical. Unusually low translocation of phloem-mobile nutrients was also observed, paralleling reported observations on D. alata.


A field experiment was conducted for two consecutive years to study the Influence of Integrated nutrient management practices on soil NPK nutrient balance under organic cultivation of chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.) grown in vertisol of northern dry zone of Karnataka, at Agricultural Research Station, Annigeri, UAS, Dharwad, Karnataka during Rabi season of 2009-2010 and 2010-2011. The experiment was laid out in RCBD with three replications. There were 18 treatment combinations consisting of four different organic manures in combination viz., farmyard manure (FYM), vermi compost (VC), glyricidia leaf manure (GLM), enriched compost EC, neem cake (NC) and four different liquid manures viz. , panchagavya, biodigester, cow urine and vermiwash with two control treatments RDF and absolute control (water spray). Soil nutrient balances were worked for major nutrients (NPK) taking the initial soil status, nutrient addition, crop uptake and nutrient left in the soil after harvest. The maximum gain of NPK nutrients in soil over initial recorded with the treatment EC 1/3 rd + VC 1/3 rd + GLM 1/3 rd equivalent to 100% RDN + panchagavya @ 3 % spray at flower initiation and 15 days after flowering (DAF) during both the years.


A novel highly miniaturized triple band structure based on Z‐slots‐shaped antenna is presented in this letter, with only 0.0015 λ02 ${{\rm{\lambda }}}_{0}^{2}$ footprint, where λ 0 ${{\rm{\lambda }}}_{0}$ is the free space wavelength at 1.3 GHz. The proposed design can generates three resonant frequency bands (1.3–1.62 GHz), (2.22–2.59 GHz), and (3.24–3.65 GHz) with −10 dB reflection coefficient, a triple band function is achieved by etching tow connected Z‐shaped‐slots in the radiating element and the differential evolution algorithm is then used to control the currents path, the prototype of the proposed antenna is printed on a single substrate layer and fed via coplanar waveguide CPW technology. The measured and simulated results are in good agreement, and validate the design principle, the results show that the antenna has a compact size (19.5 × 17.6 mm2), aside from its planar design, simple manufacturing, and low cost to fabricate, this antenna exhibits stable omnidirectional radiation patterns in E plane as well as bidirectional radiation patterns in H plane, making it an ideal device for multiband applications.


Purpose: The purpose of this article is to investigate the clinical value of TB-IGRA (Tuberculosis-Interferon Gamma Release Assay),
PPD (Intradermal Terbuculin Test), TB-DNA-PCR
(Tuberculosis-Deoxyribonucleic-Polymerase Chain Reaction) and TB-Ab (Tuberculosis-Antibody)
in diagnosing silicosis complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods: 53 cases of suspected silicosis complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis were
selected in the time span ranging from February 2017 to May 2019. TB-IGRA test,
PPD test, TB-DNA-PCR and TB-Ab detection were performed. The sensitivity, specificity,
positive predictive value and negative predictive value were calculated. Results: Silicosis and pulmonary tuberculosis were diagnosed in
11 cases, with an incidence of 20.75%. The positive rates of TB-IGRA, PPD, TB-DNA-PCR
and TB-Ab were 66.04%, 30.19%, 5.67% and 26.42%, respectively. The sensitivity was
90.91%, 81.82%, 27.27% and 54.55% respectively. The specificity was 42.86%, 80.95%,
100% and 80.95% respectively. The positive predictive values were 28.57%, 50%, 100%
and 42.86% respectively. The negative predictive values were 94.44%, 91.89%, 84%
and 87.18%. The positive rate, sensitivity and negative predictive value of TB-IGRA
were the highest, while the specificity of TB-DNA-PCR was the highest yet with low
positive rate, sensitivity and positive predictive value. Conclusion: The positive rate and sensitivity of TB-IGRA were high, yet with poor specificity,
so it was impossible to judge whether the cases belonged to active pulmonary tuberculosis.
The combination of PPD and TB-DNA-PCR could improve the sensitivity, specificity
and positive predictive value, and the diagnostic accuracy of active pulmonary tuberculosis,
which showed satisfactory clinical value.


Prisons are intriguing institutions in our society. They appear frequently in popular culture and history yet in reality we view them with disdain or indifference. Prisons have become a dichotomy of fascination and ambivalence. In Ohio, the stated goal for prisons is to lower recidivism; however, prisons, both in programming and architecture, focus almost strictly on incarceration and neglect that goal. In the architecture of institutions, much of the time and money spent is on security and monitoring while little care is put into how the space affects the users. Architecture has the opportunity to provide people with light and air and beauty, to affect those who inhabit it. What better way to study this impact of architecture than in an environment in which the users are forced to inhabit? This thesis combines the study of the interrelationship between people and their environment with the design of justice architecture. The prison typology has seen models evolve throughout time; some of which consider the impact of the built environment on users more than others, yet we still place prisoners in crowded, unstimulating environments that are detrimental to their well-being. This is counter productive to the goal of lowering recidivism. Specifically, this thesis studies the effects of built form and architectural experience on health and rehabilitation of inmates, recognizing the psychological impacts of an environment on the user and therefore the enhanced effect on those in the penal system in the United States. As a result, an adapted prison model is proposed combining the discipline and security measures necessary in corrective buildings with architectural approaches to align with the goal of the penal administration, where architecture is used to facilitate rehabilitation, reduce recidivism, and ease reentry into society. ii


Summary.

1) We have performed local leading off by means of ADRIAN and BRONK'S concentric needle electrode from the extensors of the forearm of rabbits during direct electric and chemical stimulation of the motor area of the cortex partly in the waking animal and partly under anaesthesia.

2) By electrical stimulation of the cortical motor area agreement between the frequency of the muscle action potential and the frequency of the stimulation is only seen when the latter is below 10 cycles.

3) In electrical as well as in chemical stimulation of the motor area of the cortex a pronounced after-activity was found, often persisting for several minutes. This after-activity is of central origin.

4) The frequency of the muscle action potentials varies during electric and chemical stimulation of the cortex between 2–3 per second and c. 80–90 per second. During strychnine action a frequency of up to 125 per second was found.

5) Quinine has an inhibitory effect on the muscle action potentials (the motor end-plate) produced by the action of strychnine on the cortex. Calcium has no effect on the strychnine contractions.

6) Picrotoxin acts much the same as strychnine on the motor area of the cortex, while cardiazol in a 10 % solution has only a very slight central effect.


Several studies have identified rearing environment, nutrition and genetics as causative factors of skeletal deformities (Boglione et al., 2003; Cahu et al., 2003). Within nutrition, vitamin K (VK) is a liposoluble vitamin classically involved in blood coagulation, and until recently largely disregarded in aquaculture. This vitamin is known to play an important role in bone metabolism, acting as a coenzyme for VK-dependant gamma carboxylation of Gla proteins as Osteocalcin and Matrix Gla Protein, and regulating Msx gene expression, through the recently identified VK activation of Pregnane X receptor (PXR). Since the mechanisms underlying the association of VK with the changes of skeletal microanatomy are still not fully understood (Hamre et al., 2010), the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of dietary VK supplementation on skeleton deformities, larval proteome and the expression of selected genes involved in bone metabolism in Senegalese sole larvae. Quadruplicate groups of Senegalese sole larvae were fed from first-feeding onwards with rotifers and Artemia enriched with different levels of VK 1 (0 to 250 mg of VK 1 /kg of Selco). Larvae were sampled at 40 DAH. Mineral content, larval growth and incidence in skeletal deformities were measured in order to evaluate the effects of increasing dietary VK levels in larval performance. Gene expression of VK related pathway was analysed by quantitative PCR. In addition, a comparative proteome analysis was performed by two-dimensional electrophoresis on entire larvae after removing the head and the gut. Larval skeleton quality analyses revealed that dietary VK supplementation in sole larvae leads to an improvement in larval quality, Cholesterol is found in all animal tissues and is an important component of biological cell membranes with functions such as precursor to bile acids, hormones and vitamins. Fish meal and fish oil are cholesterol-rich ingredients. Replacement of these marine-derived ingredients by plant proteins and vegetable oils tends to reduce dietary cholesterol levels. Additionally, the utilization of vegetable oils will increase dietary supply of phytosterols, which are known to compete with cholesterol for binding sites thereby lowering the intestinal cholesterol absorption and serum LDL-cholesterol levels. In rodent models, elevated levels of plasma LDL cholesterol is regarded as an osteopenic factor. On the other hand, plant sterols (beta-sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, and brassicasterol) either through its direct action on cholesterol absorption or in association to its potent anti-inflammatory effect have been shown to effectively reduce bone losses. Knowledge on the effect of such dietary variables in fish bone is limited. Cholesterol is found in all animal tissues and is an important component of biological cell membranes with functions such as precursor to bile acids, hormones and vitamins. Fish meal and fish oil are cholesterol-rich ingredients. Replacement of these marine-derived ingredients by plant proteins and vegetable oils tends to reduce dietary cholesterol levels. Additionally, the utilization of vegetable oils will increase dietary supply of phytosterols, which are known to compete with cholesterol for binding sites thereby lowering the intestinal cholesterol absorption and serum LDL-cholesterol levels. In rodent models, elevated levels of plasma LDL cholesterol is regarded as an osteopenic factor. On the other hand, plant sterols (beta-sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, and brassicasterol) either through its direct action on cholesterol absorption or in association to its potent anti-inflammatory effect have been shown to effectively reduce bone losses. Knowledge on the effect of such dietary variables in fish bone is limited.


Based on the example of the reactor without steel, type ROM-510/26 with electromagnetic shields, verification of analytical and numeral finite-element methods is carried out by the calculation results comparison. For the purpose of corrected analytical calculation, horizontal and vertical shields of the reactor are represented by the system of shortcircuited elements to consider their final dimensions. Calculation is performed as to their inductances, distribution of currents and losses in the shields, magnetic-field and losses in winding, calculation of winding heating by means of the «overheating» empirical method. It is illustrated that analytical calculations correspond to the researches using numeral methods of the electromagnetic and thermal CFD-analysis with sufficient accuracy. For the purpose of practical application in industrial designing of the equipment, the methods with approved and checked measurement results are recommended.


Telecommunication has a common problem of suffering from high churn rate, e.g. an existing customer may leave the service provider or shift to another. Churn prediction is the task of predicting the likelihood that a certain group of customers churn, and customer segmentation has been widely applied for a target marketing strategy. Previous work has adopted various clustering and classification methods, among which support vector machines and neural networks have achieved better performance, but the possible reason why customers churn is rarely explored in details. This article aims to address the gap of understanding customer churn using customers' usage of services. To do this, an integrated framework containing two phases was built: we carried out predictive analysis using churn prediction and association analysis (phase one), based on which we provided recommendations in the decision analysis (phase two). The experimental results showed that the proposed Usage-based Decision Tree (UsageDT) achieved better performance in understanding the churners/non-churners in terms of interpretability, higher precision, and much higher true positive rate. The usage-based association analysis was integrated seamlessly with churn prediction, and deepened our understanding of the churn phenomena. Evaluation carried out with two professionals in telecommunication industry also revealed the usefulness of our recommendations.


Just over 100 exoplanets had been discovered by January 2003, in about 90 exoplanetary systems, with stars that in most cases are not very different from the Sun (Schneider 2003). Though the minimum planetary mass has been coming down as new discoveries are made, figure 1 shows that no exoplanet yet has a mass approaching that of the Earth – the minimum is 0.12 Jupiter masses, which is 38 Earth masses. These massive planets probably resemble the giant planets Jupiter or Saturn, with hydrogen and helium as the main constituents, atmospheres too turbulent to have permitted the emergence of life, and no underlying solid surfaces or oceans that could support a biosphere. Instead, their atmospheres get hotter and denser with depth until they are torrid liquids. This means that the rocky worlds that are likely to be capable of supporting life – habitable planets – are absent. Could such worlds nevertheless be there, even within the known exosystems?


The crisis that started in 2008 began with the malfunctioning of the financial mechanisms, i.e. as a financial crisis; it quickly became an economic crisis and is now threatening to become an energetic crisis and, lately, a crisis of agricultural products, announcing at the same time the crisis of a development model and an ontological crisis. It engages the questioning of certain conceptualizations and orientations. If one wonders about the new concepts employed by the foreseen "ontological crisis", then one may answer, with powerful arguments, that there are concepts such as: "cultural turn", "transdifference", "complexity", "risk" and "vulnerability". These concepts are assumed in order to understand the world we are living in. If we ask ourselves about the changes in orientation brought by the crisis, then the answer is that this crisis forces us to review the diagnoses given to the current society and to accept that we have entered the "uncertain society". The paper is based on the speech delivered by the author at the receipt of the Doctor Honoris Causa title of Corvinus University Budapest on the 28th of January 2010.


The purpose of this research work is to evaluate the effects of reinforcing high impact polystyrene (HIPS's) with multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the mechanical performance and the water absorption resistance. The significant changes in HIPS/MWCNTs nanocomposite on the mechanical performance and water absorption resistance were investigated with different weight percentage of MWCNTs in the range of 0.10 wt% to 10 wt%.


Possession of drugs for personal use has been decriminalised in the Czech Republic since 1990, but the implementation of the law has changed several times. This thesis examines the impacts of these changes on drug offences and organised crime. Using an approach that combines the use of the Advocacy Coalition Framework with a sequential explanatory mixed methods design, this research utilises interrupted time series analysis and thematic analysis of interviews and government documents to compare rates of drug offences and organised crime across the implementation periods of the different policies.

The results of the study indicate that rates of drug offences and organised crime have continued to increase under the decriminalisation policies, but there were fewer prosecutions and convictions under the policy that was in place from 1999-2009, when possession for personal use was decriminalised for amounts 'greater than small'. The most significant increases were seen after the 2010 policy change, which harmonised threshold limits across law enforcement agencies. While policy changes contributed to these outcomes, the crime rates were also influenced by procedural changes in law enforcement, police and judicial discretion, police and governmental prioritisation, and changing trends in drug use and distribution.

Ultimately, the thesis concluded that the decriminalisation policy was one of many factors that influenced rates of drug offences and organised crime. The policies, regardless of specific implementation, did not reduce the number of prosecutions or convictions and may have provided a hospitable environment for the expansion of organised crime. The socio-political landscape of the country – including core cultural beliefs, public tolerance for drug use, policing and law enforcement structures and philosophies, and medical approaches and views – all shaped the evolution of the decriminalisation policy and its effects on crime.


On the project pedagogy in Premiere teaching,the thesis analyzes and discusses several viewpoints such as how to develop the students' good practical ability,how to integrate theory with practice,the evaluation of the teaching and the problems of the teaching method,etc.


Understanding activities of people in a monitored environment is a topic of active research, motivated by applications requiring context-awareness. Inferring future agent motion is useful not only for improving tracking accuracy, but also for planning in an interactive motion task. Despite rapid advances in the area of activity forecasting, many state-of-the-art methods are still cumbersome for use in realistic robots. This is due to the requirement of having good semantic scene and map labelling, as well as assumptions made regarding possible goals and types of motion. Many emerging applications require robots with modest sensory and computational ability to robustly perform such activity forecasting in high density and dynamic environments. We address this by combining a novel multi-camera tracking method, efficient multi-resolution representations of state and a standard Inverse Reinforcement Learning (IRL) technique, to demonstrate performance that is better than the state-of-the-art in the literature. In this framework, the IRL method uses agent trajectories from a distributed tracker and estimates a reward function within a Markov Decision Process (MDP) model. This reward function can then be used to estimate the agent's motion in future novel task instances. We present empirical experiments using data gathered in our own lab and external corpora (VIRAT), based on which we find that our algorithm is not only efficiently implementable on a resource constrained platform but is also competitive in terms of accuracy with state-of-the-art alternatives (e.g., up to 20% better than the results reported in [1]).


This paper deals with singularity detection in electroglottogram (EGG) signal using multiscale product method. Wavelet transform of EGG signal is operated by a windowed first derivative of a Gaussian function. This wavelet transform acts as a derivative of a smoothed signal by the Gaussian function. The wavelet coefficients of EGG calculated for different scales, show modulus maxima at discontinuities. The detected singularities correspond to glottal opening and closure instants called GOIs and GCIs. Multiscale product is the multiplication of wavelet coefficients of the signal at three successive scales. This multiscale analysis enhances edge detection, and gives better estimation of the maxima. Geometric mean of the three scale wavelet coefficients is calculated by applying cubic root amplitude function on product. This method gives a good representation of GCI and a best detection of GOI, so as the product is a nonlinear combination of different scales which reduces noise and spurious peaks. The presented method is effective and robust in all cases even for particular signal showing undetermined GOIs and multiple closure peaks.


Pine is not only longevous itself, but also the needles are capable of Anti-senility. In this article, the ef-fects of pine needles on clearing free radical, protecting visceras, regulating metabolism and blood pressure were sum-marized. It is believed that pine needles contain multiple active components, and have extensive pharmacological ac-tions. It is necessary to take deeper research on mechanism of pine needles.


Abstract Background Motivation deficits are among the strongest determinants of reduced functioning and quality of life in people with schizophrenia. Mobile interventions are a promising approach to improving these deficits because they can provide frequent cues and reinforcements to support goal-directed behavior in daily life. The objective of this study is to assess the initial feasibility/acceptability and effectiveness of Mobile Enhancement of Motivation in Schizophrenia (MEMS), a personalized mobile text message intervention, compared to a goal-setting alone intervention. Methods Fifty-six participants with a schizophrenia-spectrum disorder have been enrolled in this ongoing controlled pilot study. Twenty-seven participants have been randomized to MEMS, while 29 participants have been randomized to the goal-setting alone condition. Participants in both groups set individualized recovery goals to complete over an 8-week period. Those in the MEMS group also receive three sets of personalized, interactive text messages each weekday to reinforce and cue goal completion. Blinded assessments are conducted before and after the 8-week period and include validated measures of motivation, quality of life, and functioning. Goal attainment and self-reported satisfaction with MEMS are also assessed. Results To date, 36 participants (n = 18 in each group) have completed both baseline and follow-up assessments. Initial results suggest that relative to the goal-setting alone group, the MEMS group demonstrated significantly greater improvements in clinician-rated motivation (F(1, 33) = 7.14, p = .01; between-group d = .89). Specifically, the MEMS group demonstrated significantly higher clinician-rated motivation after 8 weeks (within-group d = .62), while clinician-rated motivation remained the same in the goal-setting alone group (within-group d = -.02). Across both groups, participants also significantly improved on clinician-rated functioning over time (t(35) = -2.56, p = .02, d = .43), but there was no difference between the two groups (F(1, 33) = .01, p = .94; between-group d = .03). No improvement on self-reported quality of life was observed in either group or across the full sample. The MEMS group reported strong satisfaction with the text-messages. Recruitment has been completed, and analyses from the full sample will be ready to present at the meeting. Discussion Initial results indicate that MEMS is acceptable and may successfully improve motivation in people with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. However, additional analyses with the full sample are needed to more rigorously test the feasibility and effectiveness of MEMS.


Physicists who work on canonical quantum gravity will sometimes remark that the general covariance of general relativity is responsible for many of the thorniest technical and conceptual problems in their field. In particular, it is sometimes alleged that one can trace to this single source a variety of deep puzzles about the nature of time in quantum gravity, deep disagreements surrounding the notion of 'observable' in classical and quantum gravity, and deep questions about the nature of the existence of spacetime in general relativity. Philosophers who think about these things are sometimes skeptical about such claims. We have all learned that Kretschmann was quite correct to urge against Einstein that the "General Theory of Relativity" was no such thing, since any theory could be cast in a generally covariant form, and hence the general covariance of general relativity could not have any physical content, let alone bear the kind of weight that Einstein expected it to. Friedman's assessment is widely accepted: "As Kretschmann first pointed out in 1917, the principle of general covariance has no physical content whatever: it specifies no particular physical theory; rather, it merely expresses our commitment to a certain style of formulating physical theories" (1984, p. 44). Such considerations suggest that general covariance, as a technically crucial but physically contentless feature of general relativity, simply cannot be the source of any significant conceptual or physical problems. Physicists are, of course, conscious of the weight of Kretschmann's points against Einstein. Yet they are considerably more ambivalent than their philosophical colleagues. Consider Kuchař's conclusion at the end of a discussion of this topic:


The heavy fermion compound UPdIn is found to absorb deuterium without disproportionation to yield UPdInD 0 . 7 . Magnetization, heat capacity, x-ray, and neutron-diffraction measurements have been carried out to probe the structural and magnetic properties of this deuteride. It is found that deuterium absorption results in a highly anisotropic lattice expansion, without changing the Fe 2 P-type hexagonal structure of the parent compound. The magnetic ordering temperature is enhanced to 80 K and the low-temperature uranium moment to 2.5μ B from their corresponding values of 21 K and 1.5μ B , respectively, in the parent compound. Neutron-diffraction studies on the deuteride reveal antiferromagnetic ordering of the uranium moments and doubling of unit cell along the c axis. Heat capacity measurements show a large reduction in the value of electronic specific heat coefficient γ from 260 mJ mol - 1 K - 2 in UPdIn to 30 mJ mol - 1 K - 2 in UPdInD 0 . 7 , indicating a significant reduction in the hybridization between uranium 5f electrons and those on the surrounding atoms.


Aim: The purpose of this study to measure and analyze influence entrepreneurship orientation toward market orientation and aesthetics innovation, entrepreneurship orientation toward business performance, market orientation towards business performance SME's, aesthetics innovation toward business performance, entrepreneurship orientation toward business performance mediated by market orientation and entrepreneurship orientation toward performance business, mediated aesthetics innovation in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) sulaman karawao in Gorontalo. Methods: Object study is an Sulaman Karawo SME's in Gorontalo. The type of data is primary data. Amount population are 701 SME's spread across six cities District /City in Gorontalo. The sampling technique is purposive sampling. Analysis tools use Structural Equation Model (SEM) with AMOS 25 software program. Results: Findings results study is enhancement performance SMEs sulaman karawo in Gorontalo is done by direct through entrepreneurship orientation, market orientation and aesthetics innovation and indirect through market orientation and aesthetics innovation.


The transition from face to face to remote teaching during the COVID-19 health crisis, has been viewed by privately owned companies, prestigious universities, international organizations and politicians as an opportunity to promote the digital paradigm in education. A carefully carved rhetoric bundles the reduced funding of education, the maturity of digital technologies and the experience of remote teaching during the COVID-19 restrictions to promote the idea of rewiring and rethinking education as a synonym for change. How will education look like after the COVID-19 crisis? Although an answer to this question cannot be precise at the moment since it involves different stakeholders, this publication attempts to pinpoint some aspects of the post-COVID-19 educational landscape as it emerges comparing various texts and sources.


The paper proposes to implement six-step,process-oriented,situational teaching and combine the study of theory and skill training,in order to improve the teaching effect of planning and implementation of electrical installation course,enhance the students' confidence,their practical ability and vocational traits.


It is well established that fast flows in the magnetotail plasma sheet which are separated from the ambient plasma by dipolarization fronts brake in the tail‐dipole transition region. Flow/front braking is suggested to play an important role in generation of compressional waves in the inner magnetosphere and geomagnetic pulsations. Because of the paucity of multipoint observations in the tail‐dipole transition region, however, details of wave generation during flow/front braking are unknown. Using comprehensive coverage of the near‐Earth plasma sheet and geostationary orbit by six spacecraft, we explore the relationship between dipolarization fronts that propagated earthward at x=−11 to −9RE and stopped at x=−9 to −8RE and compressional oscillations observed at x≈−8RE. The oscillations, which were diamagnetic (i.e., exhibited antiphase variations in magnetic and plasma pressures), were observed about a minute prior to front detection. The amplitude of the magnetic oscillations at −8RE was ∼5 nT; the wavelength was ∼0.5RE. Enhancements of magnetic oscillations with different frequencies and amplitudes of 1 to 2 and 2 to 4 nT were detected at geosynchronous orbit and on the ground, respectively. Analysis of observations reveals that although the fast flow/front stopped a few RE beyond geosynchronous orbit, the plasma compression propagated farther inward and excited compressional diamagnetic oscillations in the tail‐dipole transition region.


Purpose – Recent work on public private partnerships (PPP)/private finance initiatives (PFI) and on the construction industry has emphasised the importance of knowledge transfer, learning and innovation to improve the working processes and procedures of the industry. However, until recently all three have been researched separately. It is on this basis the research presents a theoretical proposition that "the integration of alliance principles through the formation of collaborative network; innovation, knowledge transfer and organisational learning can be enabled where there is coordination, cohesion, commitment, teamwork, clear vision, monitoring and governance structure for control, risks/reward sharing, efficient and effective communication strategy, learning and knowledge transfer strategy".Design/methodology/approach – The theory of social capital, social networks and inter‐organisational network was applied based on a network perspective to explain and aid specific attributes of PPP and PFI as a col...


Representations of sleep in Middle English secular literature have received little critical attention. Literary sleep in Middle English literature, such as the works of the Gawain-poet, Malory, and Chaucer, can be read productively alongside instructions about sleep in courtesy books and dietaries, and in the light of Galenic medical understandings of sleep. Literary sleep, both physical and metaphorical, often operates as an ethical discourse in late medieval secular literature, especially romance. This medieval mode of thought is one that had a certain insular specificity, and that continued to be influential in early modern literature. For Shakespeare's Macbeth and Richard III, as for Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, unconsciousness, whether achieved or attempted, bodies forth an ethical truth.