The Qing Dynasty inherited previous historiography tradition,and established its historical data storage and collection system,which provided the compiling of the book the Qing Dynasty Memoir with abundant and reliable original materials and made the Memoir a great confluence of the historical data of the Qing Dynasty.With its edition and compilation,the tanglesome archives of the history of the Qing Dynasty were given a distinct review for the first time,and it was seen as something significant by the later generations in the sense of its easy-to-read and easy-to-research features.It was extracted,partly taken into use,adapted or integrated.It becomes the source of Instruction of Qing Dynasty,DongHua Record,The History of Qing Dynasty,Draft of Qing History,Statutes of the Qing Dynasty,Documents of Qing Dynasty,Documents of Qing Dynasty Sequel,and a series of Qing history writings.In the development process of the whole Qing history,all the official records,even privately compiled historical records,generally keep to such a historical material flowing process: the original files——Qing Dynasty Memoir——National History of Qing Dynasty and all kinds of downstream historical records,and then comprising a series of books which contain meticulous historical materials and authentic historical facts.Although there are drawbacks such as repeated recordings of same historical facts and inevitable cheating,it also ensures the characteristics of reliable historical sources and identified sources.


In the evaporation crystallization process of ammonium dimolybdate( ADM),hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide( CTAB) and sodium dodecyl sulfate( SDS) were added to the solution respectively. The results show that CTAB can better control the size of ADM particles than SDS. The ADM particles can grow to 1mm and meet the market requirements,when 2% CTAB added.


Objective: to reflect on the use of clinical simulation in the morphological Laboratory of Nursing School of the Federal University of Pelotas as morphological training tool and clinical teaching-learning process. Methods: reflection from the evaluation study research in simulation learning trigger - Morphological Laboratory / School of Nursing / UFPel. Results: The Practice of Simulation in a constructivist curriculum practice was characterized as a promoter cognitive tool zone of proximal development to develop morphological and clinical learning, allowing understand the particular potential of each student in cooperation in the training process, as well as realize the maturation morphological and clinical interstitial curricular component.


Mother health and infant care are extremely significant. There are many organisations working on this issue. The main criteria of a healthy motherhood and child have been set up by the World Health Organisation (WHO). The WHO defines health as 'a state of completephysical, mentaland social well-being and notmerely the absence of diseaseand infirmity.'It is well recognised that health is not the exclusive domain of medical science because every culture, irrespective of its simplicity and complexity, has its own beliefs and practices concerning diseases. The present paper discusses the possibilities of using data on maternal and infant health of present village population to understand the status of mother's and child's physical condition of bygone population.


This study compares the momentum profitability of Islamic and conventional
 stocks in Malaysia and examines whether the presence of momentum profits is
 market-state dependent. Winner portfolios are shown to outperform loser
 portfolios, suggesting that a momentum effect exists in the equity market.
 Islamic stocks exhibit stronger momentum than conventional stocks.
 Interestingly, although pursuing profit is not the primary goal of Islamic
 stock investors, the findings indicate that momentum profits for all Islamic
 stock trading strategies are higher than those for conventional stocks. The
 profits from momentum strategies for both stocks are market-state dependent.
 In all trading strategies, while there are significant positive momentum
 profits following market upturns, there is no evidence of profits subsequent
 to market downturns. Overall, Islamic stocks yield higher momentum profits
 than conventional stocks across market states. These findings are robust to
 using various measures of the state of the market. While the presence of
 momentum profits is also robust to the inclusion of Fama-French?s (1993)
 risk factors, the risk factors are unable to explain momentum profits,
 suggesting that the risk-adjusted momentum profits are not due to risk
 compensation. Rather, the profitability is evidence of stock mispricing.


LEAF AREA PREDICTION MODELS FOR CURCUMA ALISMATIFOLIA AND CURCUMA ZEDOARIA The present work establishes regression models to estimate leaf area of Curcuma alismatifolia and Curcuma zedoaria. To use these of species as ornamental plants is necessary to establish adequate cultivation techniques. Thus, the determination of leaf area is very important, once it is used to evaluate plant response to environmental factors and crop techniques. The use of prediction models to estimate leaf area is a simple, accurate and nondestructive method. At the stage of flowering, a hundred leaves of C. alismatifolia ('Pink' and 'White') and C. zedoaria were collected for each species and cultivar. Maximum length (L), maximum width (W) and real leaf area (RLA) were measured with a leaf area meter (LI-3100). The relation between RLA and the L, W and the product of length by width (LW), was studied through linear regression models. The models RLA = 0.59048 LW (C. alismatifolia 'Pink'), RLA = 6.08410 + 0.52161 LW (C. alismatifolia 'White') and RLA = 0.70233 LW (C. zedoaria) are adequate to estimate leaf area.


By taking NACA0012 airfoil as the research object,the pressure distribution is given,based on the simulation of airfoil fieldflow field with ANSYS. Each modal characteristic is visually display ,by analysis on vibration modal of airfoil


Some cohort studies have indicated that drinking caffeinated or decaffeinated coffee decreases the risk for diabetes (see JWWH Jul 20 2006). To explore


Breadth-first search and Depth-first search are two often used search algorithms. The two algorithms have their own advantages. The efficiency of Depth-first search algorithm will decrease greatly in the case of low connectivity, so it is better to use Breadth-first search algorithm at that time. This article gives an algorithm of building search path, which has a more efficient space and time complexity.


This research is meant to find out the influence of price, quality, product, and service quality to the purchasing decision. The population is all customers who have ever visited and conducted purchasing at The Body shop Surabaya Town Square Surabaya and the sample collection technique has been done by using accidental sampling. The samples are 100 people. The analysis technique has been done by using multiple linear regressions analysis. The result of test shows that the variables i.e. price, quality, product, and service quality have influence to the purchasing decision at The Body shop Town Square Surabaya. This condition shows that the models that have been used in this research is feasible to estimate the customers purchasing decision at The Body shop Town Square Surabaya. This result is supported by the acquisition of coefficient correlation is 82.0% which shows that the correlation among these variables to the purchasing decision is firm. The result of the test shows that partially the variables i.e. price, quality, product, and service quality have positive and significant influence to the purchasing decision at The Bodyshop Town Square Surabaya and service quality is the variable which has dominant influence to the purchasing decision. Keywords: price, product quality service quality and purchasing decision.


Water reuse is an increasingly popular consideration for municipalities, developers, and businesses. Currently, the majority of water reuse applications originate from Australia, Southeast Asian nations, and the Middle East. Stresses posed by population growth and/or water scarcity seem to be the primary drivers for the prevalence of reuse applications in these regions. However, an increasing number of regions in North America are in the process of implementing or have already implemented some form of water reuse. As a result, this paper aims to present an overview of the history and current state of reuse in North America, with the objective of defining past and current challenges, gaps in current research, and necessary steps for more robust reuse applications. Ultimately, the paper critically assesses the trajectory of reuse projects in North America from the 1970s onwards; highlighting the gradual shift in focus from technological feasibility to public perception studies associated with water reuse.


Traditional traffic classification techniques like port-based and payload-based techniques are becoming ineffective owning to more and more Internet applications using dynamic port number and encryption techniques. Therefore, in the past few years, many researches have addressed machine learning-based techniques. Most researches of machine learning-based traffic identification use traffic samples collected on key nodes of networks for their learning. These samples do not have accurate application information i. e. the ground truth which is crucial for machine learning algorithms. In this paper, we first designed a distributed host based traffic collecting platform (DHTCP) to gather traffic samples with accurate application information on user hosts. Then we built a data set using DHTCP, and applied Flexible Neural Trees (FNT) — a special kind of artificial neural network which has been successfully applied in many areas, for traffic identification. Web and P2P traffics were studied in our work. Although the proposed technique is at an early stage of development, experimental results show that it is a promising solution of Internet traffic identification.


Group-buying (GB) deals entail a two-phase decision process. First, consumers decide whether to buy a deal. Second, they decide when to redeem the deal, conditional on purchase. Guided by theories of social influence and observational learning, the authors develop a framework predicting that (1) deal popularity increases consumers' purchase likelihood and decreases redemption time, conditional on purchase, and (2) the social influence–related factors of referral intensity and group consumption amplify these effects. The authors test this framework and support it using a unique data set of 30,272 customers of a GB website with several million data points. Substantially, these findings reveal a two-phase perspective of GB, longevity effects of deal popularity, and the amplifying role of customer referrals (influencing others) in the effects of deal popularity (others' influence). In light of the criticism of GB industry practice, this study builds the case for GB websites and merchants to heed deal popularity information and the social influence–related contingencies.


Previous results have shown that plasma and urine taurine concentrations decrease when LBWI are fed with taurine deficient formulas. In this study, 63 well LBWI with gestational ages of 31 to 36 weeks were randomly assigned to either breast milk (BM) or formula (1.5%, prot. 60:40 whey: caseins) without (F1) or with addition of taurine (30 μmol%, F2). Duodenal fluid bile acids and glycine-taurine ratio (G:T) were determined with high-performance liquid chromatography. The plasma taurine levels and urine taurine excretion fell significantly in the infants fed with the taurine deficient F1 formula. At the age of 7 days the G:T ratios were 0.64 (BM), 0.44 (F1) and 0.47 (F2). In the infants on BM and F2 the G:T ratio remained on the same level throughout the study and at the age of 36 to 40 days it was 0.58 and 0.69 respectively on the two diets. In the infants fed with formula F1, the G:T ratio increased significantly after the age of 21 days being 1.32 at a mean age of 39 days (p<0.001). Our results indicate that dietary taurine intake affects duodenal bile acid conjugation.


Data is not the only resource that can lead to knowledge discovery. Knowledge itself in the form of an expert system or output from data mining can be further manipulated to produce multi-level knowledge. This can be used to suggest more interesting concepts and improve understanding and querying of the original data and/or knowledge. Knowledge has different properties to data, the most obvious and problematic being that only one of each rule exists. This paper considers a solution to this problem and the possible benefits of mining knowledge and describes a technique for reorganizing knowledge and discovering higher-level concepts in the knowledge base. The technique we offer can be used in two ways. Perform knowledge acquisition to acquire a rule base, we recommend an incremental technique known as Ripple Down Rules, or use data mining techniques to develop a first round of lowlevel rules. Once knowledge exists in propositional form, Formal Concept Analysis is applied to the rules to develop an abstraction hierarchy from which multi-level rules can be extracted. The user is able to explore the knowledge at and across any of the levels of abstraction to provide a much richer picture of the knowledge and understanding of the domain.


To evaluate, in the ongoing Early Prostate Cancer (EPC) trial programme, the efficacy and tolerability of bicalutamide 150 mg once daily in addition to standard care for localized or locally advanced, nonmetastatic prostate cancer.


Principles and practices of Outcome Based Education, a recent paradigm for problem-based subjects such as Computer Science and Engineering, emphasizes on achieving student learning outcomes. This will ascertain attainment of competencies for what a student would do an engineering task, rather than merely understanding the concepts, at the end of a learning event. Thus learning outcomes are, in fact, combination of technical understanding along with enabling appropriate skills that imbibe inter and intra personal behavior of the learners. To accomplish this, the instructional contents cannot be mere topics, as practiced in traditional-linear-syllabus oriented educational systems. Rather the contents need to be anatomized into fundamental engineering core and contemporary cores that are temporal in nature due to changing scenario of industries. Literature on treating such differentiated cores in Computer Science & Engineering is rare. This paper therefore attempts to determine the need for differentiating the domain cores in every concept. Experiments with selective contemporary core in Computer software product have been administered and validated through social surveys based on holistic rubrics. The samples are however limited to the State of Kerala in India. Conclusions drawn out of the experiments will be of immense use to curriculum designers and also to researchers of Computer Science and Engineering education. The study also includes comparison between teachers and students of Computer Science & Engineering on lifelong learning of contemporary industry related cores. The results presented in the paper form a part of a whole research work on Outcome Based Education in Computer Science and Education.


This paper deals with the opportunities of microfinance for developing countries and examines the necessary framework for a successful implementation of a microcredit program. The study asks what must be fulfilled in advance in order to make microfinance a valuable support for developing politics. In addition, the survey compares microfinance to other, more traditional instruments of economic cooperation and demonstrates why a combination of them can be both useful and destructive. With regard to these findings, two case studies present practical experience with microfinance institutes and analyze the projects on their effectiveness. The research paper infers that microfinance is a useful tool to fight poverty but its possible effects are mostly limited on income enhancement and stabilization only, whereas it cannot be expected that a microfinance strategy alone will lead to, e.g. a women's empowerment or better educational opportunities. Additionally, the survey comes to the conclusion that the success of a microfinance program is mostly dependent on stable prices, the embedment into a coordinated development strategy and sound legal conditions, such as the existence of property rights.


The vacuum processing apparatus provided by the present invention, can be highly efficient and laminating various sorts, a film thickness of reliability, and the treatment step can be suppressed due to the increased complexity of the apparatus and increasing the number of film forming chambers caused by large, in order to achieve manufacturing apparatus miniaturization, whereby respond to various production processes. The vacuum processing apparatus according to the present invention comprises a plurality of film forming process unit (10, 20) and the connecting portion (30), the film-forming section comprises: forming the exhaust gas can be treated in a vacuum container (11, 12) within the conveying path conveying rotary table (15, 25), and arranged along the rotation axis to the transport stage of centering and processed circumference of the deposition chamber (12, 22) was deposited on the film being conveyed, the connecting portion is connected to the film-forming section between the containers and the common vacuum space, to be treated in the process between each transfer unit in the deposition process in a vacuum, or is connected to any one of the film forming process unit portion is provided on the load lock mechanism (14).


The possibility of expanding open access —free of charge and universal— throughout scientific literature has become a battlefield for controversy, extending beyond the bounds of the publishing and scientific aspects, into the eco- nomic and even political arenas. The open access phenomenon is especially prominent in science, technology and bio- medical journals, but it is in the latter where the controversy is most clearly manifest. This article offers the current sta- tus of changes caused by the open access movement in the health sciences. The main arguments of the main parties in- volved, both for and against the movement, are presented, focussing on aspects such as free access to the results of re- search published in journals, maintenance of the quality and rigour of scientific publications, and the possibility of trans- forming a publishing sector that is economically based on the model of subscriptions, without endangering it.


This text introduces the present condition and the construction demand of Jiexiu broadcast television network,especially the network construction and plan,and the design characteristics of broadcast television framework wreath network,stem star network,IP metropolitan area network and head terrace.Then it gives the main point of equipments selection.


The paper address the topic of an efficient evaluations of the performances of transportation systems in terms of both Quality and Reliability, by means of an "ad hoc" developed mathematical index which puts the two aspects in close connection. This relationship is in accordance with the currentstate of art of the studies on the transportation Systems, and takes advantage of recent developments in the stochastic process theory, as well as risk and safety analysis. The two aspects of Quality and Reliability are indeed closely related, especially if dynamic aspects in system's behavior are taken into account. According to this philosophy, the authors discuss the main features of the proposed index, and illustrate the adoption of a suitable Bayesian method for its estimation, which is based upon prior (or "a priori") information, which should be easily available. For this purpose, the Beta and the Gamma distribution are chosen as prior models on the parameters, implying a Negative Log-Gamma for the index. Finally, the summary of a large set of numerical simulations is presented, which show the high efficiency of such Bayesian estimation methodology. In particular, its superiority with respect to the "classical" Maximum Likelihood (ML) estimation methods, traditionally adopted for such systems, is illustrated. Keywords— Bayes methods;Negative Log-Gamma distribution; Quality; Reliability; Transportation Systems


The impact of acetone, methanol, ethanol and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as carrier solvents on two species of algae was investigated. Scenedesmus quadricauda of green algae and Anabaena flos‐aquae of blue green algae were subjected to different concentrations of the studied solvents which ranged from 0.01 to 7.29 mL/L for 10 days in batch studies. The data recommended the use of acetone, ethanol and methanol than dimethyl sulfoxide in this order as a carrier solvent for chemical toxicity tests using a maximum concentration of 7.29 mL/L which represents 0.729% (volume/volume) in the algal bioassay test.


Abstract This paper presents an evaluation of Changing Lives Through Literature, a program designed as an alternative to jail. The evaluation followed-up the first 32 men to complete the program as well as a matched comparison group of 40 probationers. Follow-up data indicate a reconviction rate of 18.75% in the study group, compared with 45% in the comparison group. In addition, information is presented from interviews with program participants. We consider the impact of the use of bibliotherapy, coupled with the provision of positive role models, on recidivism and the value of fitting such a program within a comprehensive system of punishments.


Objective To study the merging infection status of mycoplasmas(7-species)in female patients with gonorrhea.Methods We determined the DNAs of Ureaplasma urealyticum(UU),Mycoplasma hominis(MH),M.pneumoniae(MPN),M.penetrans(MPE),M.genitalium(MG),M.fermentans(MF),M.pirum(MPI)of 100 swabs from the female genitals by the ensted PCR and DNA sequencing.Results The positive rates of UU,MH,MPN,MPE,MG,MF,MPI were46%,34%,18%,13%,11%,4%,0,respectively.Conclusion The status of mycoplasma mixed infections in the female patients with gonorrhea is very serious.


Because we are affected by the Continental tradition film theory,the research of the filmology has been replaced by the film Linguistics or film culture since long.The film itself,film art and film media.etc have been overlooked.In fact,these problems are not resolved truly.The delay of the theory and the flourish of the practice are contradicting.On the one hand,the theory of "Andre Bazin" only plays the role of foundation,its unsystematic feature and limitations of the times have yet to be explained;on the other hand,the playing of "Avatar",the great science fiction movies of the world,which is the perfect display of the feature of the film art media,has requested responses of the circle of theory.So on the background of Anglo-American tradition theory back to the research of the film itself,the paper will analyse the expanding space and aesthetic form of the film-"Avatar",with the aim of being back to research of realism of "Andre Bazin" pursuing the classic film theory,discussing the nature of the film art by the aspects of creation and acceptance.


Swabbing is the standard methodology for the recovery of resident microorganism from shell eggs in Japan. A comparative study of shell swab (SW) and shell crush (CR) techniques was performed to recover the laboratory-inoculated Salmonella from shell eggs. It was found that the recovery of Salmonella by CR methods was significantly higher (4.5–7.5 log cfu/egg) than that of SW methods (3.1–6.3 log cfu/egg). However, analyses with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (invA as a target gene), fluorescent microscopic and quantitative analyses with a Live/Dead BacLight bacterial viability kit revealed that not all of the inoculated Salmonella spp. populations were recovered as intact cells by either method. The chemiluminescent bacterial viability assay showed that chemiluminescence intensity (CI) began to increase after 30 min in CR samples; on the other hand, SW samples did not show any increase in CI for 2 h. These results suggest that SW might cause more damage and lethality to cells than CR.

In addition, to determine the most appropriate method for recovering resident aerobic bacteria, coliforms and Salmonella spp from shell eggs, 4,000 commercial eggs were collected and sampled by shell rinse (SR) and CR techniques using phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) warmed to different temperatures. PBS at 37C was found to be the best recovery solution and temperature, respectively, for recovering aerobic microorganisms from shell eggs by both methods and the CR methods recovered a higher population than did the SR methods (4.9 versus 5.8 log cfu/egg for SR and CR methods, respectively; n = 500 eggs/method).

Therefore, the CR method along with recovery buffer (PBS) at 37C could be an effective technique for the recovery of microorganisms from post-processed shell eggs.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

There is a need to develop a rapid and highly sensitive method for the recovery of microorganisms from shell eggs. Such recovery methods are also useful for evaluating the efficacy of newly developed shell egg disinfection techniques. Many methods involving rinsing, swabbing, and crushing of shell eggs have been reported; however, we performed a comparative study of the method used to recover the Salmonella from shell eggs. We found that the shell crush method (CR) was superior to the shell swab method (SW) for the recovery of Salmonella spp., and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at 37C was found to be the best recovery solution and temperature, respectively, for recovering microorganisms from shell eggs by both methods. Therefore, the CR method along with recovery buffer (PBS) at 37C could be an effective technique for the recovery of microorganisms from post-processed shells. Use of this method could be recommended for the microbial evaluation of post-processed shell eggs in industries.


In order to study the effect of temperature and pH on monomolecular film made by metal ions and phosphatidyl diethanolamine(PE) interaction,the effect on temperature and pH of film forming conditions after joining metal ions were investigated using the LB membrane technology in this paper.The results show that the film which is prepared near 21.8 ℃ and pH near 6.8 is stable,and the increase of temperature or pH has a certain damage on the film.


This draft describes a light weight route optimization technique that
helps to optimize the media path between two communicating nodes when
Proxy MIP is used as the mobility protocol. This routing optimization
technique is most useful when the two communicating hosts are away
from home and need to communicate with each other using an optimized
path. It takes advantage of the data packet between LMA and MAG to set
up the optimized data path between the communicating hosts. This route
optimization technique is applicable to both the intra-LMA and inter-
LMA scenarios.


In this paper, the principle and structure of the four-bar linkage prosthetic knee based on the magnetorheological effect (FLPKME) are proposed and realized by individually integrating the upper and lower link rods of the four-bar linkage with the piston rod and the outer cylinder of the magnetorheological (MR) damper. The integrated MR damper, in which the MR fluid is operated in the shear mode, has a double-ended structure. The prototype of the FLPKME is designed and fabricated. Utilizing the developed FLPKME, the lower limb prosthesis is developed, modeled, and simulated. On these bases, the control algorithm for the FLPKME is developed. A test platform for the FLPKME is developed and the performance of the FLPKME with seven constant currents and controlled currents by the control algorithm developed in this paper are experimentally tested. The results show that the FLPKME with a constant current of 1.6 A possesses the basic stable gait, and the FLPKME with the controlled currents by the control algorithm developed in this paper is able to track the motions well and to imitate the natural motions of a healthy human knee joint.


The photoactive species involved in the photochemical hydrogen production in the Rh/sub 2/(bridge)/sub 4//sup 2 +/ (where (bridge) = 1,3-diisocyanopropane) system has not been previously characterized. Now, however, x-ray crystallographic data for the salt obtained on addition of CoCl/sub 2/.6H/sub 2/O to the photoactive solution of Rh/sub 2/(bridge)/sub 4/(BF/sub 4/)/sub 2/ in 12M HC1 may have elucidated the species form. It is believed that the photoactive species differs from the cation ((RH/sub 4/(bridge)/sub 8/Cl)/sup 5 +/) only by the binding of an additional Cl/sup -/ion. The crystal structure and bond distances are discussed in some detail, and it is concluded that the formula for the crystalline salt must be H/sub 3/(Rh/sub 4/(bridge)/sub 8/Cl)(CoCl/sub 4/)/sub 4/.nH/sub 2/O where n is at least 3 and more likely 6. (BLM)


Analogous to insulin, the relaxin-like factor (RLF) must undergo a structural transition to the active form prior to receptor binding. Thus, the C terminus of the B chain of RLF folds toward the surface of the central B chain helix causing partial obliteration of the two essential RLF receptor-binding site residues valine-B19 and tryptophan-B27. Comparing the solution structure of a fully active C-terminally cross-linked RLF analog with native synthetic human RLF (hRLF) it became clear that the cross-linked analog largely retains the essential folding of the native protein. Both proteins exist in a major and minor conformation, as revealed by multiple resonances from tryptophan-B27 and adjacent residues on the B chain helix. Notably the minor conformation is significantly higher populated in the chemically cross-linked RLF than it is in hRLF. In addition, compared to the unmodified molecule subtle differences are observed within the B chain helix whereby the crosslinked derivative shows reduced hydrogen-bonding and significant peak broadening at the binding-site residue ValB19. Based on these observations we suggest that the solution structure of the native hormone represents an inactive conformer and that a dynamic equilibrium exists between the C-terminally unfolded binding conformation and the inactive conformation of RLF. insulin-like growth factors (IGF) (2), relaxin


In 17 out of the 29 Phase 5 of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) climate models examined in this work, near‐surface air relative humidity (RH) frequently exceeded 100% with respect to ice in polar areas in winter. The degree of supersaturation varied considerably across the models, and the same evidently applies to the causes of the phenomenon. Consultations with the modeling groups revealed three categories of explanations for supersaturation occurrence: specification of RH with respect to ice rather than liquid water; inconsistencies in the determination of specific humidity and air temperature for the near‐surface level; and the nonlinearity of saturated specific humidity as a function of temperature. Modeled global warming tended to reduce the artificial supersaturations, inducing a spurious negative trend in the future RH change. For example, over East Antarctica under Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5, the multimodel mean RH would decrease by about 10% by the end of the ongoing century. Truncation of overly high RHs to a maximum value of 100% cut the RH response close to zero. In Siberia and northern North America, truncation even reversed the sign of the response. The institutes responsible for the CMIP6 model experiments should be aware of the supersaturation issue, and the algorithms used to produce near‐surface RH should be developed to eliminate the problem before publishing the RH output data.


Abstract : The Joint Operations Experiment (JOE) is an experiment using the Battlefield Distributed Simulation-Developmental (BDS-D) simulation to recreate an actual Desert Storm battle incident. The incident was an Army Tactical Missile System (ATACMS) attack on an Iraqi Surface-to-Air (SAM-2) installation at Kuwait City Airport. The attack was conducted by the 75th Artillery Brigade on 25 February 1991. The experiment uses BDS-D to recreate the actual battle which involved complex command, control, communications, and intelligence interactions between several service branches. This Phase I report details the results of the initial experiment. It is anticipated a phase 2 effort will be conducted which will permit interactive training and experimentation using the BDS-D evaluate and refine alternative command and control structures, procedures, and policies. This document describes the software for the Stealth and the ACBM model used in the experiment.


Plasma liner driven magnetoinertial fusion (PLMIF) is an emerging innovative fusion energy concept that utilizes an imploding plasma liner to shock heat and confine a magnetized target. We used the exact solution to the self-similar converging shock model to show that the dwell time for the compressed target may be considerably longer than recent theoretical results suggest. The dwell time was found to be determined by the sum of the outgoing shock and rarefaction times through the plasma liner. For typical PLMIF conditions the dwell time was of the order of 1 µs. We show that the engineering gain, the total energy extracted for electricity (fusion plus expanded liner energy) divided by the energy required to produce the liner, exceeds 1.0 for a wide range of the liner thickness and specific heat ratio. The energy recovery from charged particles is of the same order as the thermal energy recovery from the neutrons, while the recovery of the expanded liner contributes between 5 to 20%.


We report here a case of disseminated skin infection caused by Mucor velutinosus , a recently described new species. We believe this to be the first published report of a clinical case of mucormycosis due to M. velutinosus , as well as a rare case of dissemination from a deep site to skin. No colonic biopsy gastrointestinal mental status. of were obtained by both computed axial tomography and magnetic resonance, but no lesions were found. Lumbar puncture was not done because of thrombocy-topenia. The patient developed multiorgan failure and expired on 1 July 2010.


Digital wallets are among the modern and contemporary issues of jurisprudence, whether they are linked to a company such as: the Saudi Telecom Company (STC) or a bank; Ex: Alinma Bank. These digital wallets are considered a new method of financial technology "Fintech" which is required by contemporary civil life with its speed in communication and information exchange. These digital wallets offer a number of services, features, and commissions, such as: facilitating purchases, payments, online shopping, bill payments, and transferring funds locally and internationally. In addition, some digital wallets give gifts and commissions, which are a sum of money or a gift in kind when using digital wallets under certain conditions. Hence, this research discusses those jurisprudential issues that arose due to dealing with these digital wallets, and the research was divided into three sections: The first section: the concept of the digital wallet and the services it provides. The second section: a description of the operations of digital wallets and their ruling in Islamic Sharia. And the third section: application of some fatwas and decisions of Sharia committees regarding digital wallets in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The research answered important questions, such as: What is the description of Digital wallet operations in Islamic Sharia and what is its ruling? What is the ruling on gifts, commissions and fees for using digital wallets? This, and through the application of the inductive, analytical and applied method, to identify the legitimate rooting of these important issues in Islamic jurisprudence; The study was applied to some of the decisions and fatwas of the Sharia committees in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in this regard. It is one decision and one fatwa. The research also reached important results, including: that the relationship between the customer and the digital wallet is like the customer's relationship with the current account; As the client is a lender to those portfolios and current accounts. And therefore; It is permissible to settle payments with it, such as bills, purchases, and the like, and the wallet will return the loan instead. It is permissible to transfer currency through digital wallets, whether it is a local or foreign currency, with its exchange in the local currency and vice versa. The issue of the digital wallet may impose fees on operations and take a commission on the transfer; Because it is a broker or a paid agent, and the customer may take the gifts and benefits that these digital wallets give on deposit without a requirement and also on the use of the balance.


It is shown that every finitely generated right [Formula: see text]-module is almost injective if and only if every cyclic right [Formula: see text]-module is almost injective, if and only if [Formula: see text] is a right [Formula: see text]-ring with [Formula: see text] and there is a finite set of orthogonal idempotents [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] is an injective local right [Formula: see text]-module of length two for every [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text].


(2011). Understanding Colorism and How It Relates to Sport and Physical Education. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance: Vol. 82, No. 2, pp. 48-52.


The paper expounds the necessity of low carbon urban construction,and analyzes the current urban infrastructure construction problems of high energy consumption,high pollution,low efficiency,low recovery and other issues in Zhejiang Province.It builds a low carbon urban infrastructure construction index system in Zhejiang Province,and puts forward important countermeasures to build low carbon urban infrastructure construction in Zhejiang Province.


The factorial correlators have been calculated by using the experimental data of the pseudorapidity distribution of the charged particles produced in pp collisions at 400GeV/c. The results show that the factorial correlators increase with the decrease of the correlation distance independently of the pseudorapidity resolution. The existence of the sum rules between the factorial moments and factorial correlators has been tested by using the experimental data.


Electrochemical study of mutated maize ferredoxin molecules clearly demonstrated, for the first time, that particular evolutionary conserved amino acid residues have distinguished roles in biological functions such as controlling the redox potential and the complex formation with an enzyme.


The utilization of maggot as larvae from black soldier fly is an alternative substitution of fish meal as the primary protein source in fish feed. Maggot is cultivated in 3 different cultivation, the medium used is organic waste, tofu waste, and wheat pollard. The method that used in this research is Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 3 replication. This study aims to determine the effect of various types of maggot growth media, 1) with maggot biomass parameters, containers, and growing media conditions maggot, 2) then, exact proximate composition, total amino acids content of the prepupae samples were determined. Based on the results of the analysis, each dose of treatment (media) has an influence on the different maggot biomass. The best media treatment results are pollard flour. The proximate analysis showed that BSF larvae had a protein content of 50,88% and also fat content of 15%.


Woven convolutional codes are a family of error forward correction codes. An important construction within this code family are woven convolutional codes with outer warp. They allow us to provide unequal error protection for the encoded information. The performance of woven convolutional codes with outer warp and unequal error protection is studied in terms of error exponents. Two constructions are considered. The first is shown to allow a small part of the information to be essentially better protected without degrading the performance of the other part. The second construction possesses a two-level error protection for a given partitioning of the information. The error exponents for both partitions are given and it is shown how the better protected information can be used in the process of decoding to improve the performance of the less-protected information. Copyright © 2003 AEI.


This paper discusses the concentration to detected photocurrent relationship of a high-sensitivity MEMS based on-chip fluorescence detection system consisting of a light source, sample chamber, and detector all integrated into a set of 3"xl" glass slides. A green organic light-emitting diode (OLED) has been used as the excitation source and organic photodiode (OPD) has been used as the fluorescence detector. A novel integrated cross-polarization scheme was used to filter out excitation light from the fluorescent dye emission spectrum. Two commonly used dyes in biotechnology applications, Rhodamine 6G and Fluorescein, have been detected down to ten's of nanomole which is several order of magnitude improvement in detection limits over existing literature using OPD. A theoretical model has been developed to study fluorescence signal variation with dye concentration for this particular system. A theoretical curve fitting has been performed based on the model. The theoretical fit matches closely with experimental data. Future modifications of the detection system have been suggested based upon results obtained from modeling.


Following model studies, the synthesis of (±)-picropodophyllone was completed by first cyclopropanating the appropriate chalcone (11) with ethoxycarbonyl dimethylsulphonium methylide. Treatment of the resulting cyclopropyl ketone with stannic chloride in either benzene or methylene chloride failed but in nitromethane the tetralone (1Oa) was formed. The lactose ring was completed using formaldehyde with an overall yield based on chalcone of 40%.


The current study aims to report the role of technological pedagogical and content knowledge (TPACK) in the integration of technology by preservice teachers during teaching practicum. As this study employed a survey as its methodological approach, instruments measuring TPACK and the integration of technology during teaching practicum were developed based on prior studies and validated through content validity and a pilot study. The main data (n. 1333) were analyzed through the partial least squares structural equation model (PLS-SEM), supported by importance performance map analysis (IPMA). The study's results were satisfactory in determining the scale's validity and reliability. The structural model shows that all the hypothetical interactions were positively significant. The strongest relationship between the TPACK factors emerged between technological pedagogical knowledge (TPK) and TPACK. Additionally, technology integration was most significantly affected by TPACK.


on psychiatric diseases and disorders is undergoing transformation. The knowledge pendulum has swung in recent years from understanding behavior from a purely psychodynamic perspective to one with a very strong psychobiologic focus. These changes, too, have had their impact on the nursing approach to clients. This psychobiologic dimension of change continues to evolve as advances are made in the neurosciences, narrowing the age-old mind/body split. New knowledge can be particularly powerful. In the new health


To determine the natural fluctuations of lewisi—like trypanosome populations in red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus), I examined 151 stained blood slides over a 3—year period and found that parasitemias were almost absent (4% positive) in 1961, had significantly increased in 1962 (37% positive), and then decreased in 1963 (15% positive). This sharp rise in 1962 presumably may have been related to the original absence of immunity among members of the population, and the decline in 1963 related to an increase in the general level of immunity in the population in combination with a reduction in the recruitment of susceptible juveniles during the 1963 reproductive season. Fluctuations of trypanosome populations in eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus) based on examination of 283 stained blood slides followed a pattern different from that in red squirrels. In 1961 animals with parasitements were common (42%), but then the declined in both 1962 (26%) and 1962 (12%). Consecutive blood histories on marked animals and analysis of population age structure suggested this 3—year decline was caused primarily by a decrease each year in the proportion of susceptible juveniles recruited into the population. Although parasitemias in both hosts tended to last only a few months, suggesting that immunity develops rapidly, occasional retained parasitemias through the winter into the next spring. Pathogenicity of these trypanosomes must be minimal since animals with parasitemias had similar rates to those of parasites. The pattern of annual fluctuation of trypanosomiasis observed in these two hosts suggested that the study area may have been a primary focus for the lewisi—like trypanosome in chipmunks and a secondary focus for that in the red squirrel. That the squirrels on the study area moved from winter nest sites under the snow to tree nests in summer also may account for the irruptive occurrence of trypanosomiasis in this host. Whatever the explanation, the occurrence of trypanosomes at Trout Lake exhibited extreme variability from year to year and from host to host. This points up the necessity, in epizootiological studies of blood protozoa in sciurids, to examine the host—parasite system over a period spanning many years.


On June, 2008, some Korean online activists, mostly liberals, drove a campaign to call advertisers to pull ads from print media...


Collision detection is the core technology of the anti-collision system for NC machine tool.Collision detection algorithm based on bounding volume hierarchy is an efficient method.This text introduces a new collision detection system of NC machine tool based on OBB bounding volume hierarchy algorithm and post a method to improve the algorithm directed towards the feature of NC machine tool.


W e investigate a large angle photodisintegration oftwo nucleons from the 3 He nucleus within thefram ework ofthehard rescattering m odel(HRM ).In theHRM aquark ofonenucleon knocked outby an incom ing photon rescatterswith a quark oftheothernucleon leading to theproduction oftwo nucleonswith largerelativem om entum .Assum ing thedom inanceofthequark-interchange m echanism in a hard nucleon-nucleon scattering,theHRM allowstheexpression oftheam plitude ofa two-nucleon break-up reaction through theconvolution ofphoton-quark scattering, N N hard scattering am plitudeand nuclearspectralfunction which can becalculated using a nonrelativistic 3 He wave function. The photon-quark scattering am plitude can be explicitly calculated in the


This paper presents a method of using operational semantics to describe the instantiation of software testing process.It can be used to guide the workflow engine to parse and execute the instantiation of software testing process,so improves the method for process definition meta-mode of workflow describe testing process.It is used in actual application,include describing instance of activity and process,and describing regulation of process transitions and activity transition,it is very effectively.


We present results from a Chandra ACIS observation of the M8 dwarf star VB 10, a star near the hydrogen-burning mass limit. Until now, VB 10 has only been detected to flare at X-ray wavelengths. We can now report that nonflare, "quiescent," X-ray emission has been detected with a luminosity, LX = (2.4 ± 0.05) × 1025 ergs s-1 and log(LX/Lbol) = -4.9. This is consistent with the previous ROSAT nondetections of quiescent emission from VB 10. We discuss the implications of this discovery for the nature of coronae in ultracool dwarfs.


This paper presents the algorithm for moving vehicle detection in image sequences of traffic scenes.By investigating the distinction between the motion vectors of the dynamic background and those of the moving vehicles,motion models are set up respectively.Then,the intra-frame information is used to modify the motion model.Finally,Bayesian decision rule is implemented to detect vehicle from dynamic background.Experimental results show that the proposed method can detect moving vehicle more accurately and robustly in complex and dynamic scenes.


Selenium (Se) is an essential nutritional element and its presence has a crucial role in fortification of crops. The aim of the work was to investigate the possible use of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) in the mitigation of salinity stress on basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) seedlings. Non-enzymatic compounds, enzymatic activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) as indicator of lipid peroxidation products were quantified under the influence of SeNPs and two concentrations of NaCl (50 mM and 100 mM) applied singular or combined. The activity of antioxidant enzymes in O. basilicum seedlings was generally lower in the control regardless of the treatment applied singular or combined. The same decreasing trend was noted in the case of total polyphenols and MDA content. On the other hand, both combined treatments stimulated the soluble protein content in relation to the single variant, the increase being more pronounced at 50mM + SeNPs in respect with the singular treatment.


Immunohistochemical analysis of human liver (8 to 94 years) shows a compartmentation of ammonia‐metabolizing enzymes across the acinus. The highest concentration of carbamoylphosphate synthetase (ammonia) is found in the parenchymal cells around the terminal portal venules. Glutamine synthetase is found in a small pericentral compartment two to three cells thick. In contrast to observations in rat liver, in human liver a well‐recognizable intermediate zone can be distinguished in which neither enzyme can be detected. This intermediate zone is not yet established at the age of 8 years but can be recognized in livers from 25 years onward.


In August 2010, as part of Summer Streets, a citywide initiative to celebrate "New York City's most valuable public space [its streets]," the Department of Transportation installed three mobile pools, made from dumpsters, on Park Avenue between 40th and 41st streets. The choice of dumpster swimming pools as keystone attractions for 2010 Summer Streets is not only testament to the need for a summer cool-down but also participates in the long history that public pools have played in urban planning as markers of a community's health and well-being. Through tracing the mobile pools' connections to the Do-It-Yourself (DIY)-aesthetic practice and public swimming pool history, I argue that although the dumpster pools were intended as a popular intervention to reconfigure socio-spatial relationships, the effectiveness of that intervention was varied. The pools recapitulated notions of private leisure and failed to participate in the actual city surroundings—allowing privileged participants to perform an ethical commitment to re-use and public good without promoting change for the actual communities in need.


One of the infrastructure that has grew is the highway that experienced rapid development , it can be seen from the emergence of the freeway that connects the city with other cities and the construction of new roads is carried up to the rural outposts , motor vehicle especially four wheel drive vehicles or cars have held an important role in society as a means of transportation . The growth of the national automotive industry has influenced the rapid car rental business in Indonesia. To win the competition is getting tougher PT . Fres INDONESIA ( TRANSPORTATION , RENTAL CAR , and BUS ) should be able to improve the quality of service , but in fact the quality of PT services. Fres INDONESIA is evidenced by the still low number of complaints from consumers . It makes basic PT . Fres INDONESIA ( TRANSPORTATION , RENTAL CAR , and BUS ) to further improve its service to satisfy all our customers , because it is basically an attempt to satisfy consumer is an effort to develop the quality of the goods or services of the company to satisfy the needs of consumers who meet or exceed the criteria desired by consumers . In this study the method used is descriptive method is the method by providing a systematic overview , factual , and accurate information on the facts and the correlation between the variables studied. Hypothesis test results t value greater than t table, then Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted , it means the quality of services affect customer satisfaction .

Keywords : Quality Care Services , Consumer Satisfaction


Raman spectra of deuterated L-alanine have been obtained at high-pressure conditions. A phase transition at ∼1.5 GPa associated with the splitting of some internal modes and increase of the wavenumber of the external modes was observed. Similarly to the hydrogenated L-alanine crystal, this first transition was related to a symmetry change. Moreover, further modifications of the Raman spectra were observed at 4.4 GPa, which may be associated to conformational changes of the molecule. To give further support to such a hypothesis, neutron powder diffraction measurements were performed. Information about the cell parameter at atmospheric pressure gave valuable information about the ND distances, shedding light on the behavior of the torsional vibration of ND3+. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to fall light on the possibility of using the biopolymer chitosan in gamma dose monitoring.

Design/methodology/approach
The chitosan films were irradiated to gamma rays in the range starting from 10 to 120 kGy at a dose rate of 1.4 kGy/h using 60Co gamma source. The ultra violet and visible (UV/Vis) spectrophotometry were used to examine the optical properties of chitosan film. Also, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis was used to detect and trace any change in structural bands that may take place upon irradiation.

Findings
Increase in optical density of the chitosan film was recorded at 298 nm that correlated with increasing in the absorbed doses. Change in color of the film from pale yellow to denser yellow was detected upon increasing the absorbed doses. The close investigation for UV/Vis and FTIR analysis nominates the chitosan film to be used as a label-dosimeter in the range of 10–120 kGy depending on chitosan concentrations. The chitosan film has an excellent stability in different environmental conditions with ±3.7% uncertainty in measurements (2σ, approximately equal to a 95% confidence level).

Research limitations/implications
Chitosan film may be used as a medium and high-dose monitor with an acceptable overall uncertainty in routine radiation processing

Originality/value
The useful dose range from 10 to 80 kGy was detected for different concentrations of chitosan (0.5, 1, 1.5 Wt%) that correlated with increasing the absorbed dose, which is assigned to the linear parts in the target response curves. For the dose range 10–120 kGy, the film may be used as label dosimeter with detected color change from pale yellow to dense yellow.


In her article, Chwee Beng Lee [this issue] seeks a productive synthesis of the conceptual change [e.g., Sinatra & Pintrich, 2003; Vosniadou, 2008a] and knowledge building [e.g., Bereiter, 1994; Bereiter & Scardamalia, 1996; Scardamalia & Bereiter, 2006] literatures. She begins by noting fundamental points of overlap between the two lines of work. Just as concepts in conceptual change research are often seen as embedded in larger knowledge structures (e.g., naïve theories of the world), ideas in knowledge building approaches are seen as interconnected with a number of others. Both approaches reject a view of knowledge acquisition as simply attempts to eliminate isolated naïve beliefs (or misconceptions) and replacing them with accepted knowledge. Instead, both are committed to viewing the process of knowledge acquisition as a constructive process of evaluating and then revising naïve concepts/ideas, with the result being concepts that begin to approximate scientific concepts (from a conceptual change perspective) or idea improvement (from a knowledge building perspective). Moreover, Lee notes that conceptual change researchers are increasingly broadening their examination of mechanisms of change beyond internal, cognitive processes to encompass affective and motivational factors, as well as the role of the material and social contexts of learning. Similarly, proponents of knowledge building view idea improvement as fundamentally a social process: ideas are treated as public contributions (conceptual artifacts) to a community's collective knowledge. Finally, both approaches acknowledge the impact of the learner's metacognitive awareness and understanding of knowledge, sources of knowledge and the mechanisms whereby knowledge advances, on the process of knowledge acquisition itself.


The notion of primary health care (PHC) dates back to at least the 1978 World Health Assembly at Alma Ata and has been conceptualized as health care needed by individuals and families in the community and to be made available through the communitys full participation using practical scientifically sound and socially acceptable methods. Through partnership between the health authority and the community which it serves it is hoped that the community will develop self-reliance and self-determination. The impetus for trying the approach in Malaysia emerged in 1981 when the World Health Organization urged member countries to strive for Health for All by the year 2000 using the PHC approach. The PHC approach in Malaysia was first tried out in Sarawak East Malaysia in 1982. In 1984 the Vector Borne Disease Control Program in Kelantan state adopted the approach as an additional strategy to control malaria in the state. Kelantan was made the model state with a great deal of effort directed at creating awareness and stimulating the interest of health staff and communities to adopt the strategy. This paper outlines the process involved and some characteristics of PHC workers. To determine the knowledge which has been acquired by health staff PHC workers and the community on malaria and its control PHC concept and the process involved in the selection of PHC workers a comparative study was undertaken during 1988-89 in Kelantan Selangor and Pahang states. 45 PHC workers 640 community members and 69 health staff were included in the study which relied principally upon interview schedules for data collection. The number of PHC posts increased from 1249 in 1988 to 1593 in 1989 and the number of PHC volunteers also increased over the period from 1832 to 2177. The number of individuals given presumptive treatment prophylaxis and follow-up radical treatment increased by 50%. Overall the PHC approach in Malaysia has proved successful despite some weaknesses. The Kelantan experience and data from the whole country indicate that PHC volunteers and the community at large have an important role to play in controlling malaria in Malaysia. An important problem which remains however is how to sustain the interest and motivation of PHC workers to continue their efforts. Possible solutions are suggested.


SUMMARY Fluids—essentially meteoric water—are present everywhere in the Earth's crust, occasionally also with pressures higher than hydrostatic due to the tectonic strain imposed on impermeable undrained layers, to the impoundment of artificial lakes or to the forced injections required by oil and gas exploration and production. Experimental evidence suggests that such fluids flow along preferred paths of high diffusivity, provided by rock joints and faults. Studying the coupled poroelastic problem, we find that such flow is ruled by a nonlinear partial differential equation amenable toa Barenblatt-type solution,implying that ittakes place informof solitary pressure waves propagating at a velocity which decreases with time as v ∝t [1/(n − 1) − 1] with n 7. According to Tresca-Von Mises criterion, these waves appear to play a major role in earthquake triggering, being also capable to account for aftershock delay without any further assumption. The measure of stress andfluid pressureinsideactive faults may therefore provide direct information about fault potential instability.


Abstract The power of analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and 2 types of randomized block designs were compared as a function of the correlation between the concomitant variable and the outcome measure, the number of groups, the number of participants, and nominal power. ANCOVA had a small but consistent advantage over a randomized block design with 1 participant in each Block × Treatment combination (RB1). At correlations of .3 or greater, ANCOVA was superior to a randomized block design with n participants per Block × Treatment combination (RBn), with increasing differences as the correlation increased. RBn was superior to the other 2 designs only when the correlation was .2 or less. At those levels, however, the randomized group analysis of variance ignoring the concomitant variable was equally powerful. The findings held regardless of sample size, number of groups, or nominal power.


One type of robots that is interesting to develop is climbing robot. In order to create a robot that can move vertically, observation and data gathering on caterpillar's walking movement are needed. FEA simulation was conducted to attain stress distribution pattern of caterpillar's legs. A simulation was conducted to the climbing robot design to get the stress distribution pattern of each of its legs. The observation result showed that the papilio memnon caterpillar needed seven movements in every single step. The mechanism of its walking movement resembled a wave. The climbing robot's structures was designed to be able to move forward, backward, and to turn.


Use of Internet in today is not a new thing again. Almost the whole world knows. On the Internet we can introduce all things clearly, like to introduce ourselves, the world businesses, and others. This can be done with a container of known as a Website. Location Tours, which is a website that contains information about tourist attractions ranging from tourist sites, information about places lodg- ing, and photos of tourist sites. Writing Scienti c aims to create a Website Location Tours who provide information to tourists as a solution to the problem of lack of adequate knowledge about tourist sites, especially in tourism in the island region Java. Making Websites using Macromedia ap- plication program Dreamweaver MX, Adobe Photoshop 8.0 and Internet Explorer 6.0 as Browser. And of course the web is to modify future.


The article describes the Chinese policy in respect to Inner Mongolia in the 13th-19th centuries. The article tells about the main periods of frontier relations and cooperation between Mongols and the Chinese. The first period (Yuan's epoch, 1271-1368) is represented by the inclusion of the Chinese Empire into the Mongol Empire. But there were no direct contacts between the territories, because Mongols looted the northern frontiers, and Chinese administration could not organize the trade with Mongols in this region. The second period of relations (Ming's epoch, 1368-1644) is characterized by the Chinese spreading policy in respect to South Mongolia. Altan Khan (grandson of Dayan Khan) started to develop Thumed plain and built the trading city Hohhot. Also by Altan's initiative the exchange markets in Hohhot and Datong were opened. Altan Khan established solid relations with China and due to this South Mongolia could develop its economy and receive maintenance of Ming administration. He was one of the famous and powerful Mongolian khans after Kublai Khan, who established Yuan Dynasty in China. Also during Ming's epoch the legal immigration of Han's peasants from China to South Mongolia was opened. The South Mongolian lands started active agriculture development, in particular on Thumed plain. Also in this period the first border appeared between Khalkha and South Mongolia. The separation allowed South Mongolia to become more dependent on China. The third period (Qing's epoch, 1644-1911) is presented by the inclusion of South Mongolia (Inner Mongolia) and Khalkha (Outer Mongolia) into China and dramatically developing relations between China and Mongolian lands. Back then the name of Inner Mongolia appeared as describing a part of the Chinese Empire. Inner Mongolia was assigned the official administrative status of a Chinese province, but Outer Mongolia stayed in vassal relation with China. At the end of the17th century China started to provide strong policy in respect to Inner Mongolia and Khalkha in order to weaken these territories by a political way. In the 18th century the Chinese policy towards Inner Mongolia changed into the smooth way. Inner Mongolia and Khalkha obtained more political freedom and independence according to the policy of harmonization. These three phases show the difference of relations and cooperation between China and Inner Mongolia. It also shows the evolution of Chinese policy towards Inner Mongolia. The development of relations led to the economic and political dependency of Inner Mongolia from China.


Device can be automatically set to supply desired amount of pressure for given time and may be triggered manually or from patient's electrocardiograph.


The electron attachment properties of SF5CF3 are experimentally investigated using a pulsed Townsend setup. Different SF5CF3/N2 and SF5CF3/CO2 mixtures, with SF5CF3 mole fractions ranging from 2×10−4 to 1, are characterized. The effective ionization rate coefficient, electron drift velocity and reduced longitudinal electron diffusion coefficient in these mixtures are obtained. For low mole fractions of SF5CF3, the effective ionization rate coefficient is compared to calculations from available electron scattering cross sections, and is also used for estimating the electron attachment cross section of SF5CF3. For pure SF5CF3, the present data is compared to early data from a steady-state Townsend experiment. The presentation of the measurement results is followed by a discussion on the properties of SF5CF3 and SF6 and their significance for gaseous electrical insulation.


There exist the problems in the storage of material resource as the gross inadequacy and low efficiency in the rural primary junior middle schools of the Northwest nationality areas.Our government should strengthen the policy support to the education of the Northwest nationality areas and should be guided with the reasonable guiding principle and improve the efficiency of the current resources.


The modified cast iron specimens were prepared by bringing the multi-modification into the melt during melt-casting process.Alloy 1:3.2C-1.0Si-0.6Mn-1.5Cr-2.0Ni;Alloy 2:3.2C-1.0Si-0.6Mn-1.5Cr-4.0Ni-0.7Mo.The specimens are annealed.The optical images shows that the lattice structure of carbides were broken and the carbides became isolated after modification.The specimens were quenched at 950 ℃,then tempered alternatively at 300 ℃,430 ℃,630 ℃,the optical images shows that the martensite decreased and the hardness decreased with the increase of temperature.A spheroidizing technology was applied to the specimens.There is some spherical pearlite and cementites appeared,and the hardness is lower than the tempered specimens.The tensile strength of the modified cast iron 1 and 2 are 880 MPa and 1 050 MPa respectively,while the elongation is poor,2.8% and 2.4%.The probable reason is that the temperature of spheroidizing anneal is low that there are still unspherical cementites.


Let G be a p-group of order n and embed G into Sn by the Cayley representation. If X is a group such that G≨X≤Sn and CX(G) = G, then it is proved that G is properly contained in NX(G).


Radiocarbon (14C) measurements with accelerator mass spectrometry can apportion emissions of carbonaceous aerosols into fossil and non-fossil sources (Szidat, 2009). This speciation relies on the principle that 14C is extinct in fossil substances, whereas it is on the contemporary level for modern materials. The technique constitutes an unambiguous tool, since the intrinsic 14C of the aerosol will not be affected by complex chemical transformations in atmosphere, such as it occurs for the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) (Zotter et al., 2014). Our laboratory developed a separation method for the direct determination of 14C in organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) using a thermal-optical transmittance (TOT) protocol with a Sunset OC/EC analyzer (Zhang et al., 2012). Although this procedure is very helpful for emission apportionment of OC and EC, it cannot provide information on sources of sub-fractions, such as OC of different chemical stability or volatility, which are of large importance for the study of fossil vs. non-fossil precursors of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). As peaks of sub-fractions separated with a modified thermal ramp of the Sunset OC/EC analyzer appear too close to each other, an interface was required that injects the carbon dioxide in real-time mode into the 14C accelerator mass spectrometer (Figure 1). This setup allows online radiocarbon analysis of the carbon dioxide evolving from the TOT instrument (Agrios et al., 2015).


Beijing quadrangle house results from the wisdom of working people.It is the elite of folk house in China,and the model of folk house in the north.It has almost become the synonym of Beijing ancient architecture form.Moreover,people are infatuated with it for several hundred years.The main reason is the profound culture connotation.The inherent relationships between Beijing quadrangle house and China traditional culture were presented,which is based on the analysis of the effect of Chinaese traditional culture concept on the architecture form of Beijing quadrangle house,philosophic concept and Confucianism.


The invention provides a fuel gas pipeline risk assessment method based on Mu model. The method comprises the following steps: (1) dividing a fuel gas pipeline into sections; (2) classifying parameters causing pipeline risk and distributing weightings according to the degree of impact of each parameter on the pipeline risk; (3) through the parameters and weightings of the step (2), carrying out risk assessment of each factor for the pipeline and working out an exponential sum; (4) calculating the fuel gas pipeline leakage influence coefficient according to the risk and influence surface of a conveyance medium; (5) working out a relative risk value integrally according to the exponential sum of the step (3) and the leakage influence coefficient of the step (4);(6) analyzing the relative risk value obtained in the step (5) to obtain a risk conclusion. The invention adjusts the factor weightings of the Mu model risk assessment and is provided with the fuel gas leakage influence coefficient to be computed, thereby bringing about more adaptability and more accurate and reliable assessment results.


The complex topography of the species-rich northern Andes creates heterogeneous environmental landscapes that are hypothesized to have promoted population fragmentation and diversification by processes such as vicariance or local adaptation. Previous phylogenetic work on the palm rocket frog (Anura: Aromobatidae: Rheobates spp.), endemic to midelevation forests of Colombia, suggested that valleys were important in promoting divergence between lineages. In this study, we first evaluated previous hypotheses of species-level diversity, then fitted an isolation-with-migration (IM) historical demographic model, and tested two landscape genetic models to explain genetic divergence within Rheobates: isolation by distance and isolation by environment. The data consisted of two mitochondrial and four nuclear genes from 24 samples covering most of the geographic range of the genus. Species delimitation by Bayesian Phylogenetics and Phylogeography recovered five highly divergent genetic lineages within Rheobates, among which few to no migrants are exchanged according to IM. We found that isolation by environment provided the only variable significantly correlated with genetic distances for both mitochondrial and nuclear genes, suggesting that local adaptation may have a role in driving the genetic divergence within this frog genus. Thus, genetic divergence in Rheobates may be driven more by variation among the local environments where these frogs live rather than by geographic distance.


. The present status of galactic dynamo theory is discussed. A new concept which allows the determination of marginal dynamo numbers for axisymmetric as well as non-axisymmetric large-scale magnetic field modes in axisymmetric disks is applied to a simple galaxy model. The results obtained so far show that a preference of non-axisymmetric fields can only be expected if the α-effect is highly anisotropic and the differential rotation is not too strong. Mostly axisymmetric-spiral fields have to be expected.


A genomic test capable of predicting the probability of developing metastatic prostate cancer outperformed existing clinical risk factors for predicting biochemical failure and distant metastasis following radiation therapy, researchers reported at the Genitourinary Cancers Symposium in San Francisco.


The data of cotton varieties fiber quality in Huanghe River Regional Trials from 1999 to 2003 were analyzed, and the results showed that high quality cotton breeding proceeded slowly in Huanghe River Region; there were almost middle fiber quality varieties and few short or long fiber varieties; fiber strength improvement didn't achieve ideal and results the micronaire value was a little higher. Therefore,further improvements are required to fit for the needs of textile industry.


A theoretic analysis in this paper shows that the maximum frequency of the input signal to a sampling system with S/H (SampleandHold) amplifier is restricted not only by the Nyquist sampling theorem, but also by aperture time, tAP,and/or aperture jitter time, tAJ, of the S/H amplifier In order to decrease the acquisition time, tAC, and droop rate of the S/H amplifier, a new structure of S/H circuit is proposed, which is capable of achieving a tAC of 40 ns and a tAP of 10 ns


This study aims to determine the use of Pa Kua (Ba Gua) mirrors by ethnic Chinese in Kotapinang District, Labuhanbatu Selatan. This research was carried out through James Spradley's ethnographic qualitative research. The data collection techniques were conducted through interviews, observation and documentation study. The results showed that the mirror with an octagonal shape was divided into two forms, namely Convex (eliminating negative energy) and Concave (capturing positive energy) made of aluminum and silver, believed by many ethnic Chinese to capture good things and drive out things bad things that are usually placed outside the house above the entrance of the house. This mirror is one of the Feng Shui products which is believed to provide protection and things that are considered good for those who believe in it. The use of Pa Kua mirrors for ethnic Chinese is equated with the indigenous population who believe in shamans for things that are considered good. To be able to use the Pa Kua mirror properly, the mirror must be in Hoi Kong first then it can be used. Trusting Feng Shui and mirrors is not a necessity that must be done by all ethnic Chinese in Kotapinang, because there are some ethnic Chinese who choose not to trust Feng Shui or the Pa Kua mirrors.


Modification of chitosan has been an important aspect of chitosan research,showing better solubility,pH sensitivity and targetting.The application of chitosan derivatives in drug delivery system has been more extensive,which can be prepared into nanoparticles,intelligent gels,micelles,microspheres and so on.In this paper,the recent advances in chemical derivatives of chitosan and their application in drug delivery system were reviewed.


This workshop on High-Intensity, High Brightness and High Power Hadron Beams, held in East Lansing, MI and hosted by Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB), included a Working Group which combined the topics of Instrumentation and Beam Material Interactions. Continuing with the HB Workshop series tradition, progress, status and future developments of hadron accelerators in these subfields were presented and discussed. Leveraging off of experiences from existing accelerators including FNAL, IFMIF, JPARC, the LHC, RHIC and the SNS, this workshop provided occasion to discuss new technical challenges for beam instrumentation and beam material interactions as relevant for future high power hadron beam facilities both approved (e.g. FRIB, ESS) and in planning (e.g. CADS). Discussions between this and the other working groups during this workshop were quite lively as necessitated by the need to seriously address strong interdependencies (between beam dynamics, technologies, instrumentation and interaction of the beams with materials such as targets, beam dumps and collimators) in the regime of megawatt beam powers as anticipated in approved and future accelerators.


The primary goal of Leg 117 was to explore the origin, evolution, and variability of the Indian Ocean Monsoon and its effect on the oceanic environments of the western Arabian Sea and the paleoclimates of tropical Africa, Arabia, India, and Asia. Briefly, the monsoon is characterized by seasonal changes in precipitation and in the direction and strength of the low-level winds over the northwest Indian Ocean and the adjacent continents. During the summer monsoon (June through August), the winds are from the southwest, are quite strong (consistently > 15 m/s), and are associated with maximum seasonal precipitation over much of India and southern Asia. The causes of the monsoon are complex and include interactions between marine and continental tectonics, atmospheric and oceanic circulation, and variations of solar radiation. These factors, which cause changes in monsoon circulation, vary on different time-scales to produce a complex monsoonal response. One goal of ODP Leg 117 was to define more clearly the roles of these factors as causes of the evolution and variability of the Indian Ocean Monsoon. This goal is feasible because the monsoon leaves an indelible imprint on the climatic and Oceanographic history of the western Arabian Sea that is recorded in its marine sediments. Below we summarize the tectonic, Oceanographic, and climatic framework of the western Arabian Sea to illustrate how they are related to the monsoon and to suggest how the sediment record can produce a reliable record of monsoonal history.


Citrus fruit development and ripening are complex processes involving physiological and biochemical changes that are under hormonal, nutritional and environmental control. One of the most evident phenomena in late maturation is shedding of ripe fruit. A previous study on sweet orange abscission supposed that fruit shedding was related to the increase of sugars content of pulp juice. To investigate this potential relationship between fruit abscission and internal maturity parameters we investigated the fruit maturity process of 10 mandarin x clementine hybrids and 9 commercial sweet orange varieties with different maturity time. Morphological and biochemical analyses (acidity, total soluble solids, fruit weight thickness of the flavedo, thickness of the peduncle and external color) were carried out on fruit sets of the different varieties during the maturation process, from December to June. The abscission initiation was evaluated by measuring the force required to detach the fruit of the peduncle. Analysis showed that under our local conditions, abscission was generally not expressed even though fruit maturation was evolving. Therefore, we suppose that even though the local conditions have an important effect, abscission of citrus fruit also results from environmental-genotype interactions. Moreover, evolution of abscission and fruit parameters are not correlated, suggesting the independence in the processing of maturation and abscission. (Resume d'auteur)


Introduction: Tuberculosis is a global health problem. Improving medication adherence is an important attribute concerning the outcome of tuberculosis treatment. This study investigates illness experience of patients belonging to a low-income district within Manguinhos catchment area. Narrative studies are able to unfold features concerning patient adherence and co-occurrence of depressive symptoms. Methods: Twenty-three patients under treatment were interviewed using McGill Illness Narrative Interview (MINI-McGILL), besides depression screening with "Self-Report Questionnaire-20" (SRQ-20) and "Beck Depression Inventory" (BDI). Results: Explanatory models disregarded airborne microorganism contagion, known but not considered relevant while bohemian or deviant lifestyle was rather perceived as a causal model. Patients mentioned contiguous events suggesting pneumonia or influenza misdiagnosis before final tuberculosis diagnosis (testing or suspicion). Therapeutic pathways were erratic, suggesting low literacy level and postponed or inadequate diagnosis accuracy. Emergency units or private services usually stood for primary care units considered first choice by planners. Expressions such as "dreadful/shameful disease" or "very heavy illness" acknowledged stigma. Research data detected the importance of social network role, highlighting the family through financial and affective support. Hopelessness and depression were closely related to illness suffering and adversities. The percentage of patients for positive common mental disorder and depression approaches 30%. Conclusion: Tuberculosis remains a stigmatizing disease. Building effective health services networks, comprising treatment facilities, community and family resources are very important to improve medication adherence. Effective tuberculosis management through health teams training seems necessary. Incorporating simple screening instruments for depression assessment might promote well-being and patient adherence.


Iron deficiency anemia is the most prevalent nutritional disorder in India. It can be effectively treated in line of treatment of pandu . The study was carried out to compare the efficacy of ayapatra pralipta pippali and plihari vati in iron deficiency anemia. In this randomized control study, a total of 60 patients fulfilling the assessment and inclusion criteria were included and the trial was done for a duration of 30 days. It showed highly significant result in subjective parameters like panduta, aruci, daurbalya etc and also showed an improvement in lab parameters like Hb%, RBC count, MCV, MCH etc. This effect can be attributed to the properties of the ingredients of the trial drug such as deepana, balya, rasayana etc.


The present invention, for the preparation of a medicament designed to treat an angiogenic ocular disease, at least one anti-CD160 antibody, preferably, CL1-R2 monoclonal antibody (which is obtained by the hybridoma CNCM I-3204 obtained), the use of a compound selected from the conservative fragments and conservative derivative.


The utility model relates to a multi-purpose folding chair bed which not only can be used as a chair but also can be used as a bed. The multi-purpose folding chair bed comprises front chair feet, back chair feet, a chair surface, a back rest and handrails. The multi-purpose folding chair bed is characterized in that the handrails are provided with regulating devices. The back side of the back rest is provided with bed feet. The multi-purpose folding chair bed which is connected with rocking feet can form a rocking chair and is provided with a tea table with adjustable heights. The multi-purpose folding chair bed has the advantages of simple structure, multiple functions, low cost, convenient use, little occupying place, convenient carryover, etc. The multi-purpose folding chair bed is suitable for common families, sanatoriums and hotels to use, and is also an ideal resting device in occasions of outing, seaside vacation, etc.


tion suits both the volume and the geographic area. However, there are some odd birds. Susanna Akerman's "The Gothic Kabbala" is a bricolage of commentary and recondite knowledge about cabbalistic, Rosicrucian and other apocalyptic and mystical directions, mainly in Scandinavia in the seventeenth century: a long way from 1492, or even from its aftermath. Arthur Williamson's weird but wonderful "A Pil for Pork-Eaters: Ethnic Identity, Apocalyptic Promise and the Strange Creation of the JudeoScots" is similarly removed from the aftermath of 1492, apart from a passing reference to Menasseh Ben-Israel and the campaign to readmit Jews to England in the 1640s. Williamson's article, which deserves more prominent billing, perhaps in a volume on the construction of ethnic identity — Hobsbawm and Ranger's The Invention of Tradition comes to mind — is original, lucid and entertaining. Scottish appropriation of Jewish customs and mentalities (e.g., aversion to pork, the national covenant with God) was a core strategy in the struggle to forge and maintain a national identity. Altogether, this is a useful volume that will be of value both in undergraduate teaching and to the specialist. ANDREW COLIN GOW University of Alberta


Beef roasts were pumped with brines containing phosphates and acetic acid, sodium lactate, potassium sorbate, or glycerol monolaurin, and cooked in-the-bag once or twice to 62.8°C. Samples were examined during storage at 2, 5, and 10°C and after mishandling at 25°C for survival of inoculated Clostridium sporogenes spores and Listeria monocytogenes. Clostridia and listeriae survived one cooking when surface inoculated and two cookings in roasts inoculated internally. Lactate in brine afforded protection against clostridial survival and growth in temperature-abused roasts. Clostridia grew after 24 hr at 25°C in untreated roasts cooked once, and after 48 hr of abuse in most others except those with lactate or monolaurin. Listeria survival was reduced by lactate and monolaurin in recooked surface-inoculated roasts.


The presence of arsenic in as many as 245 minerals makes it an indispensable waste in the metal refining industry. Hydraulic fracturing, underground drilling, pesticides, herbicides, electronic industries are also linked to arsenic contamination. Natural processes such as volcanic emissions, hydrothermal ores, and river flow through arsenic rich sediments also contribute to arsenic contaminated water. The consumption of arsenic contaminated water leads to various types of cancer such as dermatological, respiratory, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, hepatic, neurological, renal, and mutagenesis. Thus, remediation and testing of arsenic contaminated water becomes ubiquitous. Arsenic removal methods include precipitation, filtration, membrane technology and bioremediation. Quantitative arsenic analysis includes several colorimetric, luminescence, spectroscopic, atomic absorption, mass spectrometric and biosensor-based techniques. In this chapter, we present an overview of the various sources linked with arsenic contaminated water followed by a discussion on the available treatment and monitoring technologies for waterborne arsenic.


The determination of exogenous enzyme contributions in live food is important in larval feeding. This study investigated the potential inhibitory effects and contributions of live foods used from 3 to 32 days after hatching (DAH) on protease activities of meagre (Argyrosomus regius) larvae (ML), using in vitro techniques. Enriched rotifer (R), Artemia nauplii (A0), and Artemia metanauplii (A1) were tested. The highest values of protease activities of ML were determined to occur at 7 DAH for the years 2013 and 2014. The lowest values were observed at 15 DAH in 2013 and at 20 DAH in 2014. Protease activities of R, A0, and A1 were 21.76 ± 0.31, 36.00 ± 1.48–29.33 ± 0.93, and 416.44 ± 19.7–403.53 ± 11.85 U/mg protein, respectively (p < 0.05). The highest inhibitions of live foods were observed at 7 DAH. This situation was related to the inadequacy of protease contributions of live feeds , despite the highest protease value of larvae at 7 DAH (p < 0.05). The positive contributions of A1 live food on the protease activities of ML were significant (p < 0.05). The inhibitory effects and positive contributions of live foods on the survival and growth rates of ML should be taken into account for future studies considering the larvae of ML and other marine fish.


The invention discloses corrosion-resistant twisted steel and a production method thereof. The twisted steel comprises the following components (weight percentage): basic components, a selective component and remain iron and impurities, wherein the basic components comprise carbon (C) 0.18-0.25%, silicon 0.40-0.80%, manganese (Mn) 0.30-1.00%, phosphorus (P) 0.02-0.04%, sulfur (S)<=0.01%, chromium(Cr) 0.45-1.00% and copper (Cu) 0.05-0.20%, and the selective component is the combination of any one or more than two components of vanadium (V) 0.01-0.05%, niobium (Nb) 0.01-0.04%, nickel (Ni) 0.01-0.20%, titanium (Ti) 0.01-0.05% and boron (B) 5-30ppm. The production process comprises electric furnace or converter smelting, refining out of the furnace, square blank continuous casting, hot rolling, cold bed air cooling, multiple length shearing and an end-flattening procedure which are performed sequentially, the corrosion service life of the corrosion-resistant twisted steel is more than 1.5 times that of a conventional steel product, and production cost, mechanical property, welding performance, processing performance and the like are identical with the conventional product.


This research work aims to explain what is related to the use of clean programming, modulated and oriented to positioning in the development of internet-oriented applications through a document that collects all perspectives from various points of view towards an approach in which the developer must possess the necessary knowledge for the adoption and coupling of new techniques that allow him to develop applications with socio-dependent characteristics that help to obtain the desired level of positioning in the Technical University of Babahoyo (UTB); For this, a digital ecosystem is sketched in which all the necessary elements for the technical deployment and positioning in the development converge with the use of the Vista Controller Model as the ideal technique to achieve the proposed objective.
The research is direct observation and descriptive type field, the sample was taken in a population of 100 people between men and women (students, graduates and professionals) which are developed in the area of software development,
In relation to the data collection instrument, we chose the surveys constructed by 10 questions with several alternative answers, concluding with several points of view in which the impact and the best route for the positioning of the development of applications oriented to Internet.


In this paper, we present Espresso, a weakly-supervised iterative algorithm combined with a web-based knowledge expansion technique, for extracting binary semantic relations. Given a small set of seed instances for a particular relation, the system learns lexical patterns, applies them to extract new instances, and then uses the Web to filter and expand the instances. Preliminary experiments show that Espresso extracts highly precise lists of a wide variety of semantic relations when compared with two state of the art systems.


The invention discloses a communication terminal and a method for reducing the interference of the communication terminal. A first filtration module is arranged between a first antenna switch of the communication terminal and a first antenna of the communication terminal, the first filtration module can filter sending signals from the first antenna switch, and therefore spurious signals output by the first antenna switch can be filtered out. The spurious signals comprise a second harmonic signal, a third harmonic signal, a broadband white noise signal and the like. Thus, the interference on the receiving of a first working unit of the communication terminal from the spurious signals generated by a second working unit of the communication terminal in the communication process can be reduced.


The aim of this paper is to explore and ascertain using an information systems perspective evaluation framework, the factors that encouraging the adoption and usage of online products and services; namely, in this case, broadband, within one particular population group – the Silver Surfer. Data were collected using email, interviews and an online survey. The findings of this study illustrate that technical factors are not of primary importance. Non-technical factors were considered to be fundamental and clearly need to be taken into consideration when encouraging Silver Surfers to become online interactive. What was also discovered is that interest, whether in technological or non-technological factors, as well as communication are very pertinent in adopting and using technology. This research should offer a substantial contribution to various stakeholders including government agencies, management consulting firms, Internet Service Providers and IT organisations wanting to identify the online interactions of Silver Surfers.


The invention provides a method for preparing Fe3O4 nano-particles by low-intensity external magnetic field induction and a device thereof. The method includes the following steps: NaOH solution is added into a reaction container under thermostatic water bath, inert gases are led into the reaction container, a low-intensity external magnetic field is continuously applied to the reaction container, and FeCL2 solution is dripped into and stirred with the NaOH solution so as to obtain sage green Fe(OH)2 suspension; according to the amount of the FeCL2, corresponding H2O2 solution which is chemically measured is added, and black suspension is obtained after complete reaction; and after the black suspension is processed by the operation of strong magnet separation, black precipitates are obtained, and the Fe3O4 nano-particles are obtained after the operations of deoxygenated water rinse and vacuum drying are carried out on the black precipitates. The device of the invention comprises a reaction container used for containing reagents, a stirrer with adjustable speed, a barrel-shaped solenoid coil, a thermostatic water bath device and a DC regulated power supply. The invention has the advantages of low requirement on equipment, low cost, simple operation, high utilization efficiency and short reaction time.


This article discusses the effects of sensory deprivations during the initial practice of four short piano compositions in both deprivation and postdeprivation situations. Four different experimental conditions were employed: (A) deprivation of the piano, with visual decoding of the score; (B) deprivation of the piano and score, with auditory decoding of a commercial recording of the practiced composition; (C) deprivation of the sound response, with the score being decoded in a turned-off digital piano; and (D) deprivation of the score, with the recording being decoded on an acoustic piano. Four participants, all piano students, were part of the research sample: one who was taking piano classes in the university's extension program; two undergraduate participants, a sophomore and a senior; and a student in the graduate program. Three participants managed to recreate the auditory information they did not have as a function of the condition of deprivation based on their own manipulations and aural skills. The effects of the deprivations on the four participants while practicing raised their awareness of how to use their personal skills to extract information from their practice sessions and affected their aims regarding the pieces they practiced.