This paper describes how Rail Transit Systems of today need to be built to provide secure, safe and reliable service for the riding public and employees. Accordingly, to demonstrate this commitment, Transit Agencies need to develop a Systems Security Management Program (SSMP) that supports the entire organization starting at the design phase and beyond including integration into construction and operations. The SSMP must address policies, procedures and activities to be followed by management, designers, consultants, contractors and associated project team members to support identification and elimination of security threats and related safety hazards in the design process. Accordingly, it is absolutely necessary that all personnel adhere to the policies, procedures and mandates established within the program and to perform their security duties with diligence and alacrity. For Federally funded transit projects, the SSMP is mandated by the Federal Transportation Administration's (FTA) State Safety Oversight Rule (49 CFR Part 659) which provides oversight for all rail transit operations, new start programs, and extensions of existing lines. The FTA Oversight Agency mandates are: (1) specify Security and Safety requirements for design, construction, and maintenance; (2) perform Hazard Analyses to identify and eliminate potential problems during design; (3) identify and compile critical Security and Safety elements into a Certifiable Items List; (4) develop and implement a formal Security and Safety Certification Program;(5) verify operational readiness to assure New Starts are safe for passengers and crew; and (6) oversight Agency shall formally approve certification before revenue service starts. By establishing and approving this SSMP, Transit Agencies address and comply with Federal and State oversight requirements regarding documentation, threat hazard elimination, testing, inspection, permitting process and the issuance of certificates attesting to operational readiness.


This viewgraph document presents a overview of the Dryden Flight Research Center's facilities. Dryden's mission is to advancing technology and science through flight. The mission elements are: perform flight research and technology integration to revolutionize aviation and pioneer aerospace technology, validate space exploration concepts, conduct airborne remote sensing and science observations, and support operations of the Space Shuttle and the ISS for NASA and the Nation. It reviews some of the recent research projects that Dryden has been involved in, such as autonomous aerial refueling, the"Quiet Spike" demonstration on supersonic F-15, intelligent flight controls, high angle of attack research on blended wing body configuration, and Orion launch abort tests.


Taking domestic chip PL3201 as the core,and adopting ADE7755 as the measurement chip to design and implement single-phase smart meter.This design can overcome the difficulties,about which the long-distance meter reading system must use data collector.The design directly used the power lines of communication,did not need to install the special communication line,reduced the product research and development cost.


This article discusses how the COVID-19 pandemic impacted my anthropological research inquiry of care among mental health professionals at a community shelter and a psychiatric hospital in Equatorial Guinea. The rapidly evolving changes required the methods of digital anthropology, which allowed an understanding of embodiments of care. Under volatile conditions and intersections between the personal and the public, mental health professionals carried and invested care in communities and (re)discovered new challenges and vulnerabilities. Medical agencies revealed symbolic roles, meanings, and qualities of care. This article proposes opportunities for the discipline of public anthropology to serve as a medium for the engagement of collective solutions. [anthropology, mental health care, Equatorial Guinea, COVID-19]. © 2022 The Author. Anthropology and Humanism published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Anthropological Association.


This scoping review and analysis of related literature induced the structure of the nurse-patient communication process during a caring moment. Data sources consisted of literature from databases, using the search terms of caring encounter, caring moment, nurse, nursing, patient, patient-centered care, relationship, and communication, and related theories and personal collections of investigators. Using thematic analysis, investigators reviewed citations for units of text with similar meanings indicating structures of a caring moment. Data synthesis produced the structure of the caring moment presented as a narrative. Results provide nursing faculty an opportunity to examine core elements of the caring moment with students.


Long-term within-laboratory precision data for malt analyses has been calculated using the results of daily check malts used in UK laboratories. It is suggested that this data may be useful in developing systems for monitoring malt contracts particularly the release of product by supplier or acceptance by customer. An analysis margin concept has been suggested as a procedure which might be adopted.


This paper deals with the design of net bridge which connects the LON network and the RS 485 serial communication interface or RS 232 serial communication interface. In the design, 8031 single chip microcomputer is used to fulfill the connection between net bridge and PC computer,and 3150 neuron chip is utilized to fulfill the connection between net bridge and LON.The key of this design is to use dual port RAM to achieve the data exchange between 8031CPU and 3150 neuron CPU. The net bridge between LON and RS485(RS232) can be widely applied in the Lonworks field bus control system,at the same time the net bridge can also reduce the equipment cost.


ABSTRACT A novel gene cluster involved in the degradation of lignin-derived monoaromatics such as p-hydroxybenzoate, vanillate, and ferulate has been identified in the thermophilic nitrate reducer Thermus oshimai JL-2. Based on conserved domain analyses and metabolic pathway mapping, the cluster was classified into upperand peripheral-pathway operons. The upper-pathway genes, responsible for the degradation of p-hydroxybenzoate and vanillate, are located on a 0.27-Mb plasmid, whereas the peripheral-pathway genes, responsible for the transformation of ferulate, are spread throughout the plasmid and the chromosome. In addition, a lower-pathway operon was also identified in the plasmid that corresponds to the meta-cleavage pathway of catechol. Spectrophotometric and gene induction data suggest that the upper and lower operons are induced by p-hydroxybenzoate, which the strain can degrade completely within 4 days of incubation, whereas the peripheral genes are expressed constitutively. The upper degradation pathway follows a less common route, proceeding via the decarboxylation of protocatechuate to form catechol, and involves a novel thermostable g-carboxymuconolactone decarboxylase homolog, identified as protocatechuate decarboxylase based on gene deletion experiments. This gene cluster is conserved in only a few members of the Thermales and shows traces of vertical expansion of catabolic pathways in these organisms toward lignoaromatics.


The culture sector is from the European or national perspective often designated as a dynamic segment of the economy, which is also characterized by high rates of GDP growth. This fact reinforces the importance of the sector within the European Union, as GDP growth belongs among the primary goals of the Community, in accordance with European legislation and key EU documents. However, from the socio-economic perspective the benefits of culture sector are economically difficult to quantify. The paper is focused on the problems the culture sector assessment from the point of view of socio-economic importance in the international context of the European Union. The research is based on the usage of MCDM methods (TOPSIS and WSA). The results are focused on the comparison of the socio-economic importance of the culture sector in EU member countries. For the assessment are chosen 7 socio-economic culture indicators describing the importance of culture sector in the country. The results of two selected MCDM methods are verified on the basis of correlation analysis.


The enactivist term mental institution was introduced to the situated cognition debate to conceptualize profound coherencies between cognitive processes and institutional settings. This article starts by criticizing the idea of mental institutions since it is frequently said that they are complex epistemic actions. By making explicit what "epistemic action" actually refers to, it becomes apparent that mental institutions cannot be seen as a complex form of such an action. In the second step, the mental institution idea is retained and supported by distinguishing two kinds of epistemic actions: short-term epistemic actions and long-term epistemic actions. Mental institutions cannot be treated as short-term epistemic actions as this kind of action requires computationalist commitments about which enactivists are explicitly critical. However, they can be considered as long-term epistemic actions—as settings which allow the planning and designing of short-term epistemic actions.


Six cases (4 males, 2 females) with ACL insufficiency were evaluated by frequency analysis of surface EMG preoperatively and at 4 or 6 months after surgery. Patients ranged in age from 17 to 41 years (mean 27 years). The surface EMG was recorded from above the quadriceps muscle during sustained (30 sec.) isometric contraction. The recorded EMG was computerized by spectrum analyzer. Results were as follows. Mean power frequency showed a more sudden decrease post-operatively compared to per-operative values. In other words, the higher (>81Hz) frequency zone was increased post-operatively compared with pre-operation. We concluded that type II fibres on knee extensors were actived by reconstrution and rehabilitation.


Automated graphical generation systems should be able to design effective presentations for heterogeneous (quantitative and qualitative) information in static or interactive environments. When building such a system, it is important to thoroughly understand the presentation-related characteristics of domain-specific information. We define a data-analysis taxonomy that can be used to characterize heterogeneous information. In addition to capturing the presentation-related properties of data, our characterization takes into account the user's information-seeking goals and visual-interpretation preferences. We use automatically-generated examples from two different application domains to demonstrate the coverage of the proposed taxonomy and its utility for selecting effective graphical techniques.


Rock deformation is a time-dependent process, generally referred to as rheology. Especially for soft rock strata, design and construction of tunnel shall take full account of rheological properties of adjoining rocks. Based on classic three-parameter HK model (generalized Kelvin model), this paper proposes a three-parameter H-K damage model of which parameters attenuate with increase of equivalent strain, provides attenuation equation of model parameters in the first, second and third stage of creep deformation and introduces equivalent strain threshold value. When the equivalent strain is greater than the threshold value, the third stage of accelerating creep will be conducted. The three-parameter H-K damage model is used for numerical calculation of finite difference method FLAC and deformation features of soft rock with time under high ground stress are described based on diversion tunnel project of Jinping Hydropower Station, of which model parameters can be obtained by back analysis according to measured site data and BP neural network.


Secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) formed from anthropogenic or biogenic volatile precursors in the atmosphere substantially contribute to the ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) burden, which has been associated with adverse human health effects. However, there is only limited evidence of their differential toxicological impact. To study those effects, we generated different aerosols by atmospheric aging of volatile biogenic (β-pinene) or anthropogenic (naphthalene) precursors of SOA that condensed on soot particles (SPs). In-depth, physicochemical aerosol characterization revealed very similar physical properties for SOAβPIN-SP and SOANAP-SP, but distinct differences in chemical composition. For example, SOANAP-SP was associated with the formation of more oxidized and more aromatic SOAs with a higher oxidative potential compared to β-pinene. By exposing a co-culture model system consisting of lung epithelial cells (A549) and endothelial cells (EA.hy926) at the air-liquid interface to different aerosol concentrations, we aimed to discriminate toxicological effects. Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomics analysis revealed induction of stress-related airways remodeling and an early type I immune response, for the A549 cells, especially after the exposure to SOANAP-SP. The underlying EA.hy926 cells showed similar transcriptomic changes in early response genes and genes related to cardiovascular pathologies after exposure to both SOA types, however to a greater extent after SOANAP-SP. While fresh SP without coating by SOA evinced only minor changes in both cell lines. Altogether, this supports the assumption of a pivotal role of atmospheric chemistry and the chemical PM composition on the toxicological outcomes and highlights the importance of organic compounds on cellular effects.


Reaction of CdII and ZnII thiocyanate with 3-acetylpyridine leads to the formation of the new CdII and ZnII coordination compounds [Cd(NCS)2(3-acetylpyridine)4] (1A), [Cd(NCS)2(3-acetylpyridine)2]n (1B), [Cd(NCS)2(3-acetylpyridine)]n (1C) and [Zn(NCS)2(3-acetylpyridine)2] (2A). Compound 1A consists of discrete complexes, in which the metal centers are octahedrally coordinated by four terminal bonded N-donor co-ligands and two terminal N-bonded thiocyanato anions. In compound 2A the metal centers are only tetrahedrally coordinated by two terminal bonded N-donor co-ligands and two terminal N-bonded thiocyanato anions. In compound 1B the CdII cations are octahedrally coordinated by two terminal bonded N-donor co-ligands and four thiocyanato anions. The metal centers are linked by μ-1, 3 bridging thiocyanato anions into chains. In compound 1C the metal cations are octahedrally coordinated by two μ-1, 5 bridging 3-acetyl-pyridine ligands and four μ-1, 3 bridging thiocyanato anions building up a three-dimensional coordination network. Investigations on the thermal degradation behavior of all compounds using simultaneous differential thermoanalysis and thermogravimetry as well as X-ray powder diffraction and IR spectroscopy prove that on heating compound 2A decompose without the formation of 3-acetylpyridine-deficient intermediates. In contrast, for compound 1A a stepwise decomposition is observed, leading to the formation of the 3-acetylpyridine-deficient compound [Cd(NCS)2(3-acetylpyridine)2]n (1B) which decomposes on further heating


Autoimmune thyroid diseases are multifactorial conditions caused by genetic and environmental factors. Among environmental factors, infectious agents include viruses, bacteria, and parasites acting as triggers. The current study intended to investigate the association between Helicobacter pylori infection and autoimmune thyroid diseases in a group of Iranian cases with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and Graves' disease (GD). This study included adult cases newly diagnosed with GD and HT and euthyroid controls. A number of clinical and biochemical factors were evaluated, including tests of thyroid function and serum Helicobacter Ab (IgG), and then inter-group comparisons were performed. Data from 404 patients with HT and 248 cases with GD were analyzed. Also, data from 480 healthy controls were analyzed. For those with HT, GD, and controls, the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection was 93.3%, 92.7%, and 88.8%, respectively. The prevalence of H. pylori infection in cases with HT and GD was significantly higher compared to controls. While concerning the prevalence of H. pylori infection, the two groups (HT and GD) were not significantly different. H. pylori antibody level was significantly correlated with FT4, FT3, Anti-TPO, and Anti-Tg in cases with HT. In the group of patients with GD, the H. pylori antibody had a significant positive correlation with Anti-TPO and Anti-Tg. According to the present results, H. pylori is associated with autoimmune thyroid diseases (both Hashimoto's and Graves' diseases).


The survival percentage of pulmonary sufferers can be improved if pneumonia is detected in time. Imaging of the chest x-Ray is the most common way of finding as well as identifying pneumonia. A competent radiologist poses a severe problem while identifying pneumonia using CXR scans. To maximize classification precision, it requires an autonomous computer-aided detection approach. Designing a lightweight autonomous pneumonia detection mechanism for resource-efficient healthcare devices is critical for enhancing healthcare quality while lowering expenses and increasing reaction time. In this proposed work, a machine learning-based hybridization approach is implemented for the identification of pneumonia in the chest x-Ray scans. The proposed methodology is divided into different segments: the 1st segment is to remove noise from the chest x-Ray scans (pre-processing). After the pre-processing of CXR scans, the second module is to extract features from the pre-processed scans. The scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) method is implemented for the extraction of essential features. This CIO-MSVM (Crossbreed Invariant Optimization-MSVM) method will select the valuable feature with the help of FF (fitness function). This function will help to select the feature matrix and then implement the MSVM algorithm. It will pass the instance selected feature set to the train model and test model. It will classify the feature sets. If feature sets will match then detect or classify the Chest X-ray image and evaluate the performance metrics such as accuracy, spec, sens., etc and compared with the existing methods.


This paper suggests normalization of the tip and base of leaf as both of them incline to one direction which is able to influence data extraction process. The extraction method we used is Centroid Contour Gradient (CCG) which calculates the gradient between pairs of boundary points corresponding to interval angle. CCG had outperformed its competitor which is Centroid Contours Distance (CCD), as it successfully captures the curvature of the tip and base of leaf. The accuracy in classifying the tip of leaf using CCG is 99.47%, but CCD is only 80.30%. For accuracy of leaf base classification, CCG (98%) also outperforms CCD (88%). The average accuracy for recognizing the 5 classes of plant is 96.6% for CCG and 74.4% for CCD. In this research, we utilized the Feed-forward Back-propagation as our classifier.


The mitotic selection procedure for cell cycle analysis was utilized to investigate the G/sub 2/ transition point for and the duration of radiation-induced division delay in diploid and tetraploid Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) fibroblasts and in Chinese hamster ovarian carcinoma cells. The location of the radiation-induced division delay transition point was dose independent at high doses and located approximately 42 min before division. At lower doses only an estimate of the point of blockade was possible; but the G/sub 2/ transition point appeared to be earlier in the cell cycle. The duration of radiation-induced division delay was dose dependent. This response is consistent with a sensitive population of cells in late G/sub 2/ that define the location of the transition point and the length of division delay. There was no difference observed in the dose response for radiation-induced division delay between the pseudotetraploid cell line of CHO and the pseudodiploid parent strain. However, in the cell line derived from a spontaneous Chinese hamster ovarian carcinoma the division delay was 39 +- 4 min/Gy. Therefore, radiation-induced division delay is independent of chromosome ploidy, but can show intraspecies cell line specificity.


Quis custodiet ipsos custodes? This Latin phrase (translated as "Who will guard the guards themselves?") is traditionally attributed to the Roman poet Juvenal from his Satires (Satire VI - "Don't Marry", lines 347-8, (http://www.poetryintranslation.com/PITBR/Latin/JuvenalSatires6.htm).


Three new phenyltin-substituted polyoxometalates, ((CH3)2NH2)4[Sn(C6H5)PW11O39] (1), K7[Sn(C6H5)P2W17O61] (2), and ((CH3)2NH2)6K[Sn(C6H5)(H2O)P2W20O70(H2O)2] (3), have been synthesized and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, 31P and 1H NMR, and FT-IR spectroscopy. Significantly, the mono-substituted phenyltin group in all three complexes is not positionally disordered. The Sn(C6H5) group is unambiguously determined and refined anisotropically with full occupancy, a result that is very unusual for mono-substituted polyoxometalates, and in particular polytungstates. Three factors account for these disorder-free mono-phenyltin-substituted polyanion structures: the steric bulk and rigidity of the phenyl group, hydrogen bonding and cation–π interactions between the phenyl ring and countercations. These results demonstrate the ability of a phenyl group to remove the crystallographically imposed positional disorder typically seen in mono-substituted polyoxometalates, an attribute that usually renders structural and structure-related reactivity studies of this large class of polyoxometalates quite difficult.


Introduction : Antimicrobials are one of the most pharmacological groups used in the clinical practice, and its relation to microbial resistance is demonstrated. The rational use of antibiotics can be beneficial from the social and medical point of view, but occasionally, their use is not the most correct one and there should be a systematic and special surveillance. A rational antimicrobial policy is necessary in the health care centers. Objective : To review national and international consensuses and criteria on antimicrobial policy to try to unify criteria and apply them the most uniform way possible in health care centers. Material and method : A bibliographic review on antimicrobial policy, antibiotics commission, and antibiotics policy was made in different databases; some of them were: Clinical Evidence, The Cochrane Library, PUBMED, Academic Google, MEDLINE, LIS, Scielo, Medscape, LILACS, Latindex, HINARI, MEDIGRAPHIC-NEWS, NIH Reporter, Scholar Google, and the Web sites of the PAHO/ WHO. Development : Concepts on different Cuban publications, international consensuses, human components, objectives, functions, resources, methods, strategies, and controls were considered. Conclusions : The implementation of any therapeutic modification in the medical attention has to be analyzed correctly in all its dimensions: scientific, technological, and social ones.  When the microbiological study is not possible or there is no antibiogram, the selection of the antibiotic should be made on the local epidemiological and clinical basis. The creation of an Antimicrobial Policy with all its components, resources, and methodology is needed now more than ever. It can be submitted to modifications with new evidences, but it has to be fulfilled to reduce both microbial resistance and the costs, and obtain better results. Keywords : Antimicrobial policy, antibiotics policy, antibiotics commission, microbial resistance, health actions.


Introduction: The planetary noble gas carrier in meteorites Q, remains an unidentified phase, although all its properties established so far point to a carbonaceous nature of the matter [1, 2]. The problem with the phase identification is that even in the highly Qenriched residues prepared from different meteorites it is always accompanied by other much more abundant carbonaceous phases such as organic macromolecular material and graphitic carbon with different structures. Further separation of Q from these phases is very problematic because of similarities in their chemical properties. TEM investigations of the Q-enriched residues showed that they often contain nano-sized curved graphite stacks with variable number of layers [3], suggesting that these graphene structure can be a candidate for the Q-phase. Similarity of the thermo-oxidizing graphene stacks' behaviour with kinetics of noble gas release during stepped combustion of Q also supports this assignment [4]. However at present it is difficult to prove unambiguously that Q is graphene-related and therefore it is impossible to exclude that another carbonaceous phase with very low abundance and similar thermo-oxidizing properties serves as a carrier of the planetary noble gases. One of the ways to solve the problem is to investigate the residues extremely enriched with Q. In the present study we report results of such investigation for a HF/HCl residue prepared from the Saratov (L4) ordinary chondrite. Preparation of the residue: The choice of Saratov meteorite is determined by two important factors: very low, if any, abundance of nanodiamonds [5], which create additional difficulties for Q identification, and relatively high concentration of Q noble gases [5, 6]. The schematic of Q separation is present in Fig. 1. In contrast to our previous preparations of the Qenriched fractions, in the present study we applied colloid separation in isopropanol with ammonia directly to the HF/HCl residue after ultrasonic treatment and produced suspension and sediment after centrifugation (~1000g, 30 min). Here we present the results for the suspension fraction SU-2A and suspension, SU-2B, obtained from the SU-2A complimentary sediment. Analysis: The obtained fractions have been analyzed for noble gases, carbon and nitrogen isotopes and amounts on Finesse mass spectrometric complex [7] by combination of pyrolysis and stepped combustion methods. The sample was first pyrolyzed in three steps (400, 600 and 800C) and then combusted in a pure oxygen atmosphere from 200 to 1500C with variable temperature increments.


Objective Understand the women height weight and body bone content relationship.Methods Using meter rule and scales measuring height and weight and double X-ray absorptiometry measured op value and ultrasonic bone density instrumental measuring left calcaneal of SOS,STI,LBM.Results Different age groups height,weight and body mass index and ultrasonic velocity,bone hardness index,low bone mass and osteoporosis values exist statistically significant,as the growth of the age,SOS and STI showed a trend of decline its peak in 40 years old before;And low bone mass LBM,osteoporosis op significantly higher rate.Height and SOS,STI,LBM was positively correlated,Op value is irrelevant;Weight and STI,LBM,Op value was positively correlated,SOS value is irrelevant,BMI and SOS,STI was negatively correlated,Op were positively correlated.Conclusion Bone mineral density in women after the age of 47,data from the "normal range" into the low bone mass,osteoporosis after the age of 70 were significantly increased,with a high risk of fracture.


Phase-change random access memory (PCRAM) is widely regarded as one of the most promising candidates to replace Flash memory as the next generation of non-volatile memories due to its high-speed and low-power consumption characteristics. Recent advent of the blade-type PCRAM with low programming current merit further confirms its prospects. The thermoelectric effects existing inside the PCRAM devices have always been an important factor that determines the phase-transformation kinetics due to a fact that it allows PCRAM to have electric polarity dependent characteristics. However, the potential physics governing the thermoelectric effects for blade-type PCRAM device still remains vague. We establish a three-dimensional (3D) electro-thermal and phase-transformation model to study the influences of thermal boundary resistance (TBR) and device scaling on the thermoelectric effects of the blade-type PCRAM during its "RESET" operation. Our research shows that the presence of TBR significantly improves the electric polarity-dependent characteristics of the blade-type PCRAM, and such polarity-dependent characteristic is found immune to the scaling of the device. It is therefore possible to optimize the thermoelectric effects of the blade-type PCRAM through appropriately tailoring the TBR parameters, thus further lowering resulting power consumption.


Remote sensing applications can provide information on oceanographic conditions for identification of potential fishing zones by combining statistical approaches. Determination of fish catch zones needs to be studied on the relationship between oceanographic parameters and fish catches to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of fishing operations by fishermen. Based on this, identification of potential fishing zones needs to examine the relationship between fish catches and oceanographic parameters using the Generalized Additive Model (GAM) in the Java Sea. GAM analysis was carried out using fish catch data as response variables and oceanographic parameters such as sea surface temperature (SST) and chlorophyll-a image processing results from MODIS, SSS from CMES, and Depth data as predictor variables. The selection of the best model is determined by the highest percentage of CDE and the lowest AIC. GAM modeling results show that 60.3% of fish catches in the Java Sea are influenced by oceanographic factors and 39.7% by other factors. The oceanographic parameter that has the most influence on fish catches is the concentration of chlorophyll-a. GAM modeling results show that fish in the Java Sea tend to be found in sea that have chlorophyll-a concentrations of 0.2 mg/m3 – 0.5 mg/m3, SST 280C – 310C, salinity 31.8 PSU – 33 PSU, and a depth of 20 m. – 50 meters. Potential fishing zones were identified based on the results of the GAM modeling analysis. Potential fishing zones in the Java Sea from March 2021 to June 2021 have varying spatial distributions. The results of the most fishing potential zones were found on June 3, 2021, which were distributed the most in the sea around Pulau Laut, in the southern part of the island of Borneo, and the north on the island of Madura.


1. Linguistic typology and serial verbs 2. Oceanic languages, serial verbs and linguistic descriptions 3. Paamese serial verbs 4. The distribution and evolution of Oceanic serial verbs 5. The dissolution of Oceanic serial verbs 6. Oceanic serial verbs and Melanesian Pidgin 7. Oceanic serial verbs and the broader context References Index


Recently, wooden ships with outer boards of double diagonal system were often constructed, and it was proved that they showed higher rigidity in comparison with ordinary wooden ships.In order to investigate the rigidity of a board of double diagonal system, a series of model experiments were carried out, and the results were analysed with the following method.The authors calculated the displacement of an elemental plank of the board by the "minimum energy theory" under the assumption that the elemental plank of the board were perfectly rigid and then the working energy was conserved in rivets alone, as the wooden structure with rivets shows a large slip between their constructional members.In this paper, the authors deal with the case under a tensile force. The calculated values of the displacement are compared with the experimental values with good results, as shown in Fig. 4. The distribution of shearing forces acting on the rivets is tabulate in Table 1.


The present work aims to study relationship between macrobenthic invertebrates and those associated with the dominant submerged plant (Myirophyllum spicatum) in River Nile at Qanater region and comparing between them. Also, some physico-chemical parameters were studied during different seasons at the investigated sites. In addition to, macroinvertebrates it was correlated with some physico-chemical parameters. The maximum occurrence of macrobenthic invertebrates (2004 org./m2) was recorded during spring and the minimum (460 org. /m2) occurred during winter. This might be due to the highest number of Annelids (944 org. /m2) and molluscs (1027 org. /m2) during spring. The highest average number of macrobenthic invertebrates associated with the macrophytes (M. spicatum) was recorded during spring and it was mainly represented by arthropods populations (3366 org./m2) with the highest number of Insecta. The macrobenthic invertebrates comprised the highest number of species (18 species) belong to 3 groups including phylum Annelida (5 species), phylum Mollusca (10 species) and phylum Arthropoda (3 species). On the other hand, the macroinvertebrates associated with M. spicatum comprised 16 species belong to 3 groups; phylum Arthropoda (13 species), phylum Annelida (2 species) and phylum Mollusca (1 species). The present results indicated the presence of high positive correlation between the number of the macrobenthic invertebrates and those associated with the macrophytes (M. spicatum).


The protection of the hair and / or scalp - especially if a subsequent hair treatment step, ie, coloring, tinting, bleaching or deformation, is planned - possible with a cosmetic kit for hair and scalp treatment comprising at least a container A having a PIT containing emulsion, and at least one different from the first container a container B, which contains an aqueous solution, dispersion or emulsion of at least one care substance.


L´aszl´o Fejes T´oth and Alad´ar Heppes proposed the following generalization of the kissing number problem. Given a ball in R d , consider a family of balls touching it, and another family of balls touching the first family. Find the maximal possible number of balls in this arrangement, provided that no two balls intersect by interiors, and all balls are congruent. They showed that the answer for disks on the plane is 19. They also conjectured that if there are three families of disks instead of two, the answer is 37. In this paper we confirm this conjecture.


By the reaction of tris(diethylphosphoryl)phosphine with amines compounds of type 1 are obtained, the structure of which is discussed by NMR and X-ray photoelectron spectra. Some chemical and physical properties are described


To reduce the installation costs of these distribution systems, the electric utilities adopted new materials and techniques of installation. The new technology gains much from the development of a concentric-neutral conductor with solid polymeric insulation usually directly buried in the soil; a dead- or load-break connector whereby this conductor can be terminated; and apparatus which can be installed safely above or below grade. The reliability of the system is improved by looping and the provision of alternate sources. Statistics gathered from Canadian utilities show that, despite certain problems encountered in these underground systems, their costs are in the economic range. Further, both the frequency and duration of outages on these underground systems are lower than for comparable overhead systems, as had been hoped in their introductory phase.


Technical statistics of the 16 teams include china women basketball team in the 2006 FIBA WOMEN CHAMPIONSHIP was carried out. The number of the forward player and guard player, the scores, the score rate, assistance, the rebound , ball hawk free throw and turnover of the Chinese team are compared with those of the opponents. By the means of documentation, analysis and paration and statistics. It is found that the Chinese guards have gap in the number of three-point shot percentage, offensive rebound, turnover. The Chinese forwards have a big gap in the number of the skills of scores, rebound, ball hawk, foul, assistance. Suggest the measure training specifically for all above gap.


In order to avoid the structural deterioration caused by pressure wave and the effect of aerodynamic force impulse on running safety when two trains passing by each other at high-speed in side wind,considering fluid-solid coupled vibration,the flow field equations and dynamic equations of a multi-body system were solved at the same time with the finite volume method of computational fluid dynamics and the numerical simulation method of multi-body systems dynamics.And the pressure wave,aerodynamic impulse,carbody response and running safety were studied.The results showed that the bow wave of pressure wave on the upwind train is bigger than that on the leeward train;and the tail wave on the upwind train is smaller than that on the leeward train,the maximum pressure wave appears on the upwind train;a train screens the other against the wind and the safety indices fluctuate,the running safety gets better in a short time when the two trains passing by each other at high-speed in side wind.


Fifty-six days experiment was used to determine the serum chemistry and the
haematological indices of broilers fed alkali treated melon husk in their diets. Four experimental diets were formulated, diet 1, contained untreated melon husk i.e. 0% level
and diets 2 - 4 contained alkali-treated melon husk at 10% 20% and 30% replacement
level for maize.
One hundred and twenty day-old Anak broiler chicks were used in the study with
thirty birds per treatment and ten birds per replicates. One bird per replicate was
slaughtered for analysis of blood constituents i.e. haematological and serum parameters.
The results showed that the diets has no significant difference (P > 0.05) on the
haematological parameters and serum metabolites. In the haematological parameters, i.e.
packed cell volume, haemoglobin, red blood cell and white blood cell, are all increasing
with increase in the level of dietary fibre and similarly with the serum metabolites i.e.
total protein, albumin, globulin and urea. This was due to the positive effect of the dietary
fibre on the bird' s blood.
The result indicated that maize can replace alkali-treated melon husk at 30%
level of replacement without any adverse effects on both the haematological parameters
and Serum qualities.


W e read with great interest the report by Tuovinen and colleagues (1). in which the authors state that CD4 CD8 double negative (DN) thymocytes express FOXP3 and do so in the absence of TCR . While studying intrathymic regulatory T cells, i.e., CD4 CD8 (CD4SP) FOXP3 CD25 cells in patients with myasthenia gravis (2), we also examined thymuses of healthy adults and consistently observed concomitant FOXP3 and CD3 expression in DN thymocytes (Fig. 1 and Table I, which also include CD4SP characteristics as well as the data of Tuovinen and colleagues (1) for comparison). In fact, immunolabeling data demonstrate that FOXP3 is expressed by DN cells that are CD3 (Fig. 1). This discrepancy cannot reflect the different specificity of mAb, i.e., anti-TCR in Ref. 1 and anti-CD3 in our work (2), because at the cell surface TCR is associated with the CD3 complex. Differences due to thymus age are also unlikely, as the distribution of the major thymocyte subsets in our adult thymuses (CD4 CD8 , 73 7.4; CD4SP, 13.1 5; CD4 CD8 , 5.4 1.8; DN, 5.1 4.2) was similar to that of young thymuses (3). Finally, FOXP3 DN thymocytes in our thymuses are analogous to those described by the authors (1) in terms of CD25 (Table I) and CD127 expression (Fig. 1). The fact that FOXP3 is preferentially expressed by DN thymocytes with the TCR/CD3 complex at low density ties in with the staining profile of CD4SP thymocytes (Fig. 1C in Ref. 1 and our own Fig. 1 accompanying this letter). We believe that the authors' conclusion reflects the difficulty in discriminating TCR -negative from TCR -positive events due to a scarcely efficient reagent, so that TCR FOXP3 cells are defined as TCR FOXP3 cells. Interestingly, TCR CD3 thymocytes were described as early as 1989 (4), but their existence was questioned shortly thereafter by the same authors on the grounds of unreliable immunoreactivity (5). In those articles (4–5) TCR was identified by clone WT31, currently commercialized by BD Biosciences and probably corresponding to that used by Tuovinen and colleagues (1). In conclusion, we do not dispute that DN thymocytes in young thymus (and in our experience also in adult thymus) express FOXP3, but we assert that these FOXP3 DN thymocytes coexpress TCR / CD3 at low intensity.


CPS systems are different from computer systems in one important aspect, namely, that they must interact with physical systems for which we may not have perfect knowledge. An immediate corollary is that there may be failure modes that we cannot anticipate, and yet the CPS must be designed to have at least fail-safe properties. Transportation CPS systems are also likely to be distributed systems. Even if individual vehicles are designed to operate autonomously, the fact that they must share the same transportation infrastructure (highways, sea lanes, air traffic control) means that they are necessarily part of a distributed system. CPS systems are also heterogeneous in that they depend on the interoperability between legacy hardware/software and new and emerging technologies that are more energy-efficiency conscious. This is because of the fact that we cannot afford to rebuild the entire infrastructure to accommodate newer technology and this will be an ongoing process for the future. The above observations suggest a number of open research issues that are by themselves grand challenge problems.


This research, part of the PhD project of the first author, was supported by grants P06-AGR-01360 from 'Consejeria de Economia, Innovacion y Ciencia' of Junta de Andalucia, and
AGL2009-06955 from 'Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion' of Spain and the European Social Fund.


The relative resistance change of a properly seasoned manganin coil was measured at the center of the region of indifference for the bismuth II‐III, thallium II‐III, and barium I‐II phase transformations in a hydrostatic system. The equilibrium pressures for these transformations were obtained from the relative resistance change of manganin which was calibrated with pressure by means of the mercury L‐I and bismuth I‐II transition pressures. Equilibrium pressures corrected to 25°C of 26.861±0.042, 36.569±0.153, and 56.273±0.521 kbar were determined for the bismuth II‐III, thallium II‐III, and barium I‐II phase transformations, respectively. Only the barium I‐II point deviated from the presently accepted high pressure scale. On the basis of the manganin pressure gauge, either the presently accepted value of the barium I‐II point is too high by about 2.5 kbar or the pressure coefficient of manganin resistance changes sharply between 37 and 59 kbar. A two‐point quadratic calibration curve was satisfactory for...


1. Network Architecture Below is an example of the network architecture. The network architecture is composed of a stack (N = 2) of encoder blocks, followed by a final fully connected layer. Each encoder is composed of a scaled dot product attention block, (Figure 1 shows the first of such blocks). u and v capture segmentwise features in the projected space, and the attention S(u, v) computes the interactions of features across segments. We constrain the interactions to flow only between spatially connected segments, which is performed by employing a Hadamard product with the adjacency matrix A. This ensures that the error gradient flows through only relevant edges. To maintain regular gradient flow across the N blocks, we employ skip connections and propagate features onto the next encoder block. The number of hidden nodes K in each FC layer is 256, with group norm parameter as a group of 8 channels.


Tourism is increasingly being adopted as a path to economic development and integration by regional economic communities (RECs). This study examined tourism policy and institutional frameworks of RECs in Africa, Asia, Caribbean and Europe to document attributes and best practices to be adopted for establishing a regional tourism framework for Inter-Governmental Authority on Development region. Multi-case study approach and framework analysis were applied to analyse information from the RECs. Results reveal that most RECs have lean institutional structures with strong regional tourism policy and institutional planning frameworks that have helped to strengthen their global competitiveness. In spite of having a sustainable tourism master plan, the region has continued to lack a policy and institutional framework - a gap which this paper endeavours to fill based on a comparative framework analysis of other RECs. The paper presents best practices and recommends a lean organisational structure for the region with a sustainable financing mechanism.


A string of dry years shriveled vegetation in Africa's Sahel, causing some to fear that the Sahara Desert was shifting south. Satellite data spanning more than twenty years now shows that the Sahel is holding its own against the Sahara and may be recovering with the return of near-normal rainfall.


We study the classical, semiclassical, and quantum dynamics of parabolic Rydberg states of hydrogen subject to half-cycle electromagnetic pulses as a function of the field strength and the duration of the pulses. We show that for the most ``red-shifted'' Stark state the quantum ionization probability oscillates around the classical value. These oscillations can be described semiclassically in terms of path interference. By contrast, the ionization probability of the extreme ``blue-shifted'' state is a smooth function of field strength. These predictions could be tested experimentally.


This study aimed to examine the factors that influence the cost of debt variable. The independent variables in this study were discretionary accrual and income volatility. The sample that the writer used in this study were public companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange 2014-2018. Banking and companies that subject to final tax were excluded, including mining, mining, infrastructure, real estate, and construction companies. The data used were obtained from Bloomberg, Indonesia Capital Market Directory (ICMD), financial statements, and reading sources obtained by experts as a theoretical foundation. The analysis technique used in this study was weighted least square and used Gretl. Based on the tests that have been done in this study, we find that discretionary accruals had no effect on the cost of debt. Suggestions for future creditors in Indonesia should also consider the risk of tax avoidance and earning management as a basis for making decisions when they want to provide loans.


Objective To analyze the reasons why interns are not satisfied with the center of sterilization supply and figure out corresponding strategies.Methods In the form of questionnaire investigation to inquiry the internship students at the end of the year,we found out the links which need to be improved most and took effective measures,and the satisfaction rate was compared with 2011.Results The satisfaction rate had improved from 67% to 96%,and won the third place in the hospital intern satisfaction rate.Conclusion We got extraordinary results by implementing new teaching methods and emphasizing the integration of operating rooms and supply centers,interaction between teaching and learning and individualized education.


Where do social institutions and phenomena come from? A venerable tradition in economics seeks to explain some of these institutions and phenomena, for example, money, traffic rules, racial segregation and many others, using a concept of invisible hand. Such explanations show a phenomenon to be an unintended outcome of a multitude of actions and interactions of individual persons. In a book based on his doctoral dissertation, Emrah Aydinonat seeks to a) give an account of what sort of social phenomena are susceptible to this sort of explanation, b) evaluate the success of some of the most famous explanations of this type, and along the way, c) draw lessons for philosophical accounts of formal models in economics. In many ways, this book represents philosophy of economics at its finest. It is impeccably informed on the present state of economics, sensitive to the history of the discipline and full of interesting and thoughtful philosophical analysis. A significant problem, however, is that the central notion of the paper – partial potential explanation – does not receive an appropriate articulation. After presenting Aydinonat's views, I explain the problems and why they matter. What exactly is the explanandum? In the impressive chapter 2, the author offers an analysis of the notion of "unintended consequence" that invisible hand explanations apply to. There are many types of unintended consequences but only some of them are an appropriate target for such explanations. Aydinonat develops an intricate typology of these consequences (19), and isolates the following characteristics as definitive of the phenomenon in question. 1) The consequence is located at social rather than individual level. 2) The consequence was not intended by any of the individuals whose actions caused it. 3) It took many individual actions to produce the phenomenon. 4) All these individuals had intentions aimed at the individual, not the social level. 5) The action of one individual is


We conclude from this and the other case reports that high-dose progestogen therapy is likely to give an excellent response in the treatment of low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma, and should be considered in any recurrence or metastasi of this tumour


In rigid-plastic finite element method, there is a heavy computation time and convergence problem In this study, static-explicit rigid-plastic finite element method will be introduced This method is the way that restrict the convergence interval In result, convergence problem and computation time due to large non-hneanty In the existing numerical analysis method were no longer a critical problem It is expected that various results from the numerical analysis will give very useful infoimation for the design of tools in sheet metal forming piocess


The new statute book on the crime procedure implies significant novelties concerning the subjects of the pre-crime and crime procedure. A special attention is given to newly authorized organs of the internal affairs in the pre-crime procedure: the questioning of the suspect, holding the suspect, supervision and technical recording of phone calls and other conversations which are covered by this law document for the first time with the possibility that such material can be used as an evidence material including some other measures and acts such as (taking photos, finger prints, noting some other information, flat search, investigation etc.) All such measures are taken with a due respect of the suspect who has a right to use a professional help of the attorney during the first conversation in the pre-crime procedure. These rights of the suspect will be given by the authorized person who is in charge of the procedure. An important attention will be given to the collaboration between the organs of the internal affairs and the coroner in the cases when the procedure is only taken by court, since the organ of the internal affairs is excluded again the previous crime procedure. .


WT5"BZ]:Owing to the government's policy of appeasement,ruling and national assimilation,the relationship between Canadian government and First Nations is still inharmonious. There still exist conflicts in the process of exploiting natural resources,in First Nation's high crime rate, high suicide rate and high unemployment rate, and in demand for self rule, etc. The key to solving their conflicts lies in restoring the aboriginals' self rule right,their land and their traditional language and culture. [WT5"FZ]


We obtain an hybrid expression for the heat-kernel, and from that the density of the free energy, for a minimally coupled scalar field in a Schwarzschild geometry at finite temperature. This gives us the zero-point energy density as a function of the distance from the massive object generating the gravitational field. The contribution to the zero-point energy due to the curvature is extracted too, in this way arriving at a renormalised expression for the energy density (the Casimir energy density). We use this to find an expression for other physical quantities: internal energy, pressure and entropy. It turns out that the disturbance of the surrounding vacuum generates entropy. For $\beta$ small the entropy is positive for $r>2M$. We also find that the internal energy can be negative outside the horizon pointing to the existence of bound states. The total energy inside the horizon turns out to be finite but complex, the imaginary part being interpreted as responsible for particle creation.


The advantages of an alternative air traffic control system, Free Flight, are outlined. Free Flight cocoons each aircraft in a protective virtual 'bubble' that is designed to give aircraft advance warning of any possible collision. As a result, aircraft would be able to fly more direct and fuel-efficient routes without continual interruption by air traffic controllers on the ground. The US Federal Aviation Administration is committed to introducing the system, which frees up unused airspace instead of restricting aircraft to slots in congested air corridors. Conventional air traffic control creates a massive conflict at the merge point of two air corridors. In Free Flight, much of the navigational control is restored to the cockpit, leaving pilots free to choose the most favourable route according to weather, distance and altitude. Take-off delays should also be reduced. The pilot would enter his chosen flight plan and estimated journey times into a network of air traffic computers and a conflict probe would set aside a 100- to 200-mile bubble of airspace ahead of the aircraft and calculates whether this would cross another aircraft's bubble. If so, the computer alerts the aircraft which has not yet taken off to alter its flight path. Controllers watching on radar need only alert two aircraft if their bubbles are likely to meet. Computer hardware reliability and back-ups are vital for this system. Tests are planned in Italian and Dutch airspace next year. Opposition to Free Flight relates largely to the risks posed by airport terminal congestion, or by equipment failure, both of which are more easily handled by conventional air traffic control.


DR. C. BRUCE TAYLOR: The case for discussion is not being presented as an unusual case but instead as an example of a common but poorly understood disease process for which there is no very effective treatment. After presentation of the clinical abstract, Dr. Paul will discuss the clinical findings and differential diagnosis. Following this I shall briefly outline the postmortem findings and then we shall discuss certain problems illustrated by this case.


Abstract Operational requirements and research considerations make a high-temperature, toroidally continuous outer divertor an important upgrade to the Alcator C-Mod tokamak. Leading edge melting of tiles, non-uniform heat loads, large electromagnetic forces, and localized impurity sources limit the performance of bulk plasmas. These issues can be addressed by the installation of a well-aligned, toroidally continuous outer divertor. Additionally, future long pulse operation will cause the temperature of the outer divertor to reach bulk temperatures as high as 500 - 600 °C. This future operational requirement combined with the strong temperature dependence of plasma surface interactions (especially fuel retention), makes a controllable, high-temperature outer divertor desirable and necessary. The motivation, criteria, design, and R&D for the upgrade are discussed below.


Online courseware is the main physical basis of tele-education, it should well express the structure and semantic characteristics of education information. In this paper, the static model of education activities is established by using entity-relationship (E/R) model, with it as theoretical basis, SCO model of online courseware is constructed, and CwML, the XML binding standard of SCO model, is described, and the applied status of CwML is introduced.


Cardiovascular (CV) diseases (CVD) are a major cause of long-term morbidity and mortality affecting life expectancy amongst cancer survivors. In recent years, because of the possibility of early diagnosis and the increased efficacy of neo-adjuvant and adjuvant systemic treatments (targeting specific molecular pathways), the high percentage of survival from breast cancer led CVD to become the first cause of death among survivors. Therefore, it is mandatory to adopt cardioprotective strategies to minimize CV side effects and CVD in general in breast cancer patients. Cancer therapeutics-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD) is a common group of side effects of chemotherapeutics widely employed in breast cancer (e.g., anthracycline and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 inhibitors). The aim of the present manuscript is to propose a pragmatic multidisciplinary stepwise approach for prevention, early detection, and treatment of cardiotoxicity in patients with breast cancer.


This course will provide attendees with the technical information needed to create their own compelling, scalable, interactive VR applications using VR Juggler. The, course begins with the foundations needed for building VR Juggler applications. It follows with a session on VR Juggler scalability from shared memory high-end workstations to clusters of commodity PCs. The following sessions focus on effective use of VR Juggler as a desktop-to-immersive visualization tool, including the portability of interaction methods. The course concludes with advanced VR Juggler embedded features such as virtual characters and collaboration.


Polycrystalline barium titanate (BaTiO3) thin film with smooth surface was grown on silicon substrate at room temperature by using KrF laser ablation technique and KrF laser post‐annealing technique. In situ spectroscopic analysis of excited species in KrF laser‐induced plasma from BaTiO3 was also examined and the distance between the target and the surface to fabricate stoichiometric thin films by KrF laser ablation was optimized to be 20 mm. The XRD patterns of BaTiO3 thin films post‐annealed with a laser fluence of 0.11 J/cm2 at a back pressure of oxygen of 100 mTorr showed the (100), (110), (111), (200), and (211) peaks.


Objective:To evaluate the treatment of middle and liwer ureteral calculi by ureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy.Methods:50 cases of middle and lower ureteral calculi treated by ureteros copic pneumatic lithotripsy from may 1995 to may 2002 were reviewed.Results:In all the 50 cases,complete stone fragmentations and eliminations were achieved in three days.The rate of curation was 98 %.Conclusion:Ureteros copic pneumatic lithotripsy is an ideal management for middle and lower ureteral calculi which not noly is safe and effective but also has less complications.


In the literature of glaucoma and ocular injuries, there are contradictory opinions expressed on the effect of miotic drugs in cases of incomplete sphincter, especially in radial tears of the iris from contusions, leaving it a matter of conjecture whether such radial tears can be increased or diminished by the use of miotics. There is the same contradiction of opinion on the effect of mydriatics on radial tears. Regarding glaucoma, it seems generally to be assumed that the beneficial effects of the miotic drugs are due entirely to the contraction of the sphincter, and that these beneficial effects are abolished if the sphincter is not intact and functionally capable. On the other hand, it is frequently advised that treatment with miotics be given after iridectomy, in case of insufficient effect from the iridectomy, thus recognizing — or hoping — that the miotics may still be effective. Elliott, 1 in objection


The next technological disruption in the field of Internet of Things (IoT) is the predictive analytics on IoT. The predictive analytics on IoT not only helps us in achieving the goal of smart IoT devices but also reduces the time required to configure the IOT appliances. The branch of predictive analytics came into existence very recently after extensive research in the field of Data Analytics. Although the IOT process generates enormous amount of data it is of no use until properly analyses and reviewed. After the analysis process the next step in the process is to implement the result in achieving higher efficiency. The process involves use of proper classification and clustering tool which helps us in managing big dataset generated by the IoT appliances. In this paper we have covered value points and challenges faced while applying predictive analytics on IoT so that the huge dataset generated by the IoT devices can be utilized to make life easier and accomplish the goal of smart automation.


This research attempts to optimize the parameters for DC plating of silver on silver alloy of two differentcompositions namely 50% and 75% silver alloy. In the Silver –copper alloy, the surface morphology and compositionof the electro deposit are influenced by current density, silver concentration in the bath, applied current type andaddition of additive. It has been found that concentration of silver in silver alloy has an effect in weight electrodeposited over cathode in DC plating. The surface morphology is studied by taking SEM micrograph for thetwo different compositions of silver alloy and grain size is measured using XRD analysis. Higher the purity of silver,finer is the grain size. It has been observed that with the increase of silver in the sample, the amount of silverdeposited, hence the thickness of the deposit varies for the same current and voltage settings.


Background Pulmonary rehabilitation improves mood disorder in COPD, but there are limited data in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The aims of this cohort study were to investigate whether pulmonary rehabilitation reduces mood disorder in IPF, and estimate the minimal important difference (MID) of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Methods HADS and core pulmonary rehabilitation outcomes were measured in 166 participants before and after an 8-week, in-person, outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation programme. Anchor- and distribution-based methods were used to calculate the MID of HADS-Anxiety (A) and HADS-Depression (D). Results Suggestive or probable anxiety and depression (HADS ≥8) were present in 35% and 37% of participants, respectively, at baseline, and this reduced significantly following pulmonary rehabilitation (post-pulmonary rehabilitation: HADS-A 23%, HADS-D 26%). Overall, there was a significant reduction in HADS-D (mean change −1.1, 95% CI −1.6– −0.5), but not HADS-A (−0.6, −1.3–0.15) with pulmonary rehabilitation. Subgroup analysis of those with HADS ≥8 revealed significant improvements in HADS domains (mean change: HADS-A −4.5, 95% CI −5.7– −3.4; median change: HADS-D −4.0, interquartile range −6.0– −1.0). The mean (range) MID estimates for HADS-A and HADS-D were −2 (−2.3– −1.7) and −1.2 (−1.9– −0.5), respectively. Conclusion In people with IPF and suggestive or probable mood disorder, pulmonary rehabilitation reduces anxiety and depression. In people with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and suggestive or probable mood disorder, pulmonary rehabilitation reduces anxiety and depression. Mean MID estimates for HADS-Anxiety and HADS-Depression were −2 and −1.2, respectively. https://bit.ly/42SWFrf


This paper proposes a novel single-phase AC to DC Series-Parallel Current Injection Resonant Converter (SPCIRC) circuit topology with wireless power transfer function. Consequently, low total harmonic distortion (THD) of the controlled sinusoidal line's current waveforms with increased power factor resulting are achieved. This is accomplished using the resonant conversion method, which entails the use of two active soft switches that create high frequency currents. Nevertheless, this paper emphasizes the analysis of the normalized harmonics amplitude in conjunction with the modulation index selection, in order to produce the steady-state equation of the SPCIRC. The steps involved are explained in detail in a flowchart, and the results are plotted in graphs. The results obtained show that the normalized harmonics amplitude characteristics of different switching frequencies are indistinguishable. The polynomial equation of 120 kHz plot is used to produce the steady-state equation of the SPCIRC. The circuit operation is explained, and the analysis of the plot is presented.


Reliability analysis of solder joints in an electronic package is a multiscale problem. Such problems are commonly modeled by decomposing the package into a larger scale global subdomain from which the boundary conditions for a smaller scale local subdomain are extracted. However, such a "one-way" coupling does not consider the evolution of behavior at local scale, thereby resulting in inaccurate results. For this reason, a "two-way" coupled framework where the evolution of local subdomain is communicated back to the global subdomain is introduced. In this study, this two-way coupling framework is extended to include rate-dependent phenomenon such as creep. A non-intrusive, code-agnostic framework is developed that can track creep deformation at the end of required physical time. The problem is divided into smaller time steps, and convergence is achieved at each individual time step. Further, the converged solution at end of each time step is used as the initial condition for next time step using the *RESTART feature in commercial packages, thereby reducing the total number of iterations. The developed framework is first applied on a sample two-dimensional package to demonstrate the accuracy of the two-way method. The obtained solution is compared against the conventional Global-Local analysis and a computationally expensive fully refined model.


The main objective of joint arthroplasty is to improve activities of daily living of the patient. However, normal daily activities may lead to separation of articular surfaces of an artificial joint, possibly as a result of a combined impact and sliding motion. Therefore, the properties of articular surfaces define the durability of implant materials. Modification of bearing surfaces with poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (PMPC) increases the hydration of the surfaces and decreases the wear of the substrates. Hence, a PMPC layer can potentially cushion the impact and improve the resistance of cross-linked polyethylene (CLPE). This study aimed to explore the fatigue and wear resistance of PMPC-grafted hydrated CLPE under impact-to-wear conditions using a pin-on-disk tester. The surfaces of a CLPE disk (3- or 6-mm thick) were modified with PMPC by photoinduced polymerization and were sterilized using gamma rays. The wear resistance of PMPC-grafted CLPE disks against a Co-Cr-Mo alloy pin was evaluated and compared to that of untreated disks. The disks were fixed to the tester with a metal plate (Ti-6Al-4V alloy) that had a central hole. The test was performed for 2 × 10 6 cycles of repetitive impact and unidirectional sliding with the maximum load of 150 N, sliding distance of 10 mm, and frequency of 1 Hz [Fig. 1]. Gravimetric wear was determined by weighing the disks, and soak controls were used to compensate for fluid absorption. Volumetric changes in the surfaces of the disks were evaluated using a three-dimensional non-contact optical profiler. The average gravimetric wear (mg) after 2 × 10 6 cycles was 0.000/0.120 for CLPE (3/6 mm) and −0.073/–0.137 for PMPC-CLPE (3/6 mm). The weight gain of the PMPC-CLPE disks was due to their greater fluid absorption compared to that of the soak controls under the impact-to-wear conditions, as judged from the fact that during the load-soak in the lubricant this gain was observed for all the disks irrespectively of PMPC grafting. PMPC-grafting decreased the gravimetric wear of CLPE ( p 6 cycles of impact loads, mechanical fracture or delamination of the impact-sliding or backside surfaces were hardly observed in all the groups. The results of this study revealed that: (1) PMPC-grafting of CLPE surfaces decreased the gravimetric wear irrespectively of the disk thickness; and (2) thinner CLPE increased the risk of volumetric changes, including penetration in the impact-sliding surface and extrusion of the backside surface. In conclusion, PMPC grafting can potentially improve the wear resistance of the bearing surface of biomaterials even under impact-to-wear conditions, increasing the longevity of artificial joints.


The R-matrix method is used to calculate the photoionization cross section of ground state aluminium atoms Al(2P0), leaving the residual ions in their ground Al+(1Se) or first two excited states Al+(3P0,1P0). The initial bound state Al(2P0) as well as the three possible final continuum states (Al++e-)(2Se,2Pe, 2De) are represented consistently by R-matrix expansions in terms of three lowest states of the ion Al+(1Se,3P0,1P0). These ionic states are in turn described by accurate configuration-interaction wavefunctions. Good agreement is obtained with recent experiments by Kohl and Parkinson (1975) and by Esteva (1974) and results probably accurate to better than 15% are given from 2070 AA to 570 AA.


The research area is a typical karst catchment subject to rocky desertification in Huajiang Gorge,Guizhou Province.One representative soil sample was collected in each plot of strong,medium,light,or latent desertification grade.The research focused on soil organic carbon(SOC)and total nitrogen(TN)of physical fraction in the processes of rocky desertification.Results elucidated that the particulate organic carbon and nitrogen(POC and PON)and light fraction organic carbon and nitrogen(LFOC and LFON)were higher than the mineral fraction in the process of rocky desertification.The C/N values of particulate fraction and light fraction were higher than those of total soil.The contents of POC,PON,LFOC,and LFON decreased with the increase of rocky desertification grade.The content of particulate fraction and distribution ratio acted in accord with rocky desertification grade,while the above index of light fraction did not act in accord with rocky desertification grade.The enrichment and distribution ratios of POC and PON,as well as LFOC and LFON,were not the same.The decrease of POC and LFOC was faster than that of PON and LFON in the process of rocky desertification.Most POC in wood chopping sequence integrated with silt-clay particle to form organic-inorganic complex,with the integration way POC was protected and was difficult to decompose by microbe,while most POC in reclamation sequence integrated with sand particle,with this kind of integration way SOC tended to be in a low humic degree and to be decomposed by microbe easily.


Abstract In 2010-2013, 528 samples of surface sediments were collected from the profundal zone of lakes to determine concentrations of phosphorus, Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mn, Na and S, as well as trace elements (As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sn, Sr, Ti, V and Zn) using the ICP-OES method. Additionally, Hg concentration (by the TMA method) and organic carbon concentration (using the coulometric titration method) were also determined. Phosphorus concentration was found to range from 0.005 to 1.925% (0.109% on average). High phosphorus concentrations in sediments were reported in lakes located within and around urban areas, in lakes on which recreation centres and leisure facilities are situated, and in lakes adjoining special protection areas of birds. The phosphorus concentration in sediments shows a clear correlation with the contents of Al, Fe, Mn, S and TOC, which indicates the presence of phosphorus in both organic and inorganic forms. It also correlates with the contents of most of the trace elements examined for this study, including Zn, Hg and Pb. A certain regional variability was found; water sediments of lakes in the Masurian and Pomeranian lakelands, located in the area covered by the Pomeranian phase ice sheet, are characterised by a slightly higher phosphorus concentration compared with those from the Greater Poland Lakeland situated in the area of the Poznań phase glaciation.


Discusses the view put by Ian Lowe in an essay in response to two government reports in 2006 that we should spurn nuclear energy, despite the need for alternative energy sources that will enable us to cut greenhouse gas emissions. The government reports made the case not only for expanded uranium mining but for a nuclear industry in Australia. Those two reports were 'Australia's Uranium: Greenhouse Friendly Fuel for an Energy Hungry World', produced by the bipartisan House Standing Committee on Industry and Resources, chaired by Geoff Prosser; and 'Uranium Mining, Processing and Nuclear Energy - Opportunities for Australia?', produced for the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet by a task force chaired by Ziggy Switkowski.


The results of a study of the reduction of some platinum(IV) compounds during the course of X-ray photoelectron measurements are presented. All the compounds investigated suffered reduction though the observed rates varied considerably. Kinetic analysis of the peak intensities in the X-ray photoelectron spectra reveal that the reduction process is invariably first order, and a model is proposed to account for this finding. Platinum(II) compounds studied were stable to X-radiation.


This study focuses on sediment transport and tidal exchange dynamics in the Scheldt estuary at Kruibeke (about 5 km upstream of the Antwerp Harbour, Belgium) in the late 1990s and early 2000s. The involved parameters are tidal cycle measurements of total suspended sediment concentrations and fluxes, tidal water elevation, flow velocities, river discharges and tidal discharges. The data show that the net tidal water discharge over a full tidal cycle ranges between 96 and 729 m s for the period 1995-1998, and between 67 and 319 m s for the period 2002-2005. In the vicinity of Kruibeke, though the measured depth-integrated flood flow velocity is over 10% stronger than that of the ebb current, the net mass transport is ebb oriented. The depth-integrated suspended sediment concentration reaches up to 829 g m and 394 g m for the periods 1995-1998 and 2002-2005 respectively. Sediment load was clearly higher for 1995-1998 than that of for 2002-2005. The sediment mass load versus tidal water discharge reveals a correlation with appreciated R values of 0.9 and 0.8 for the periods 1995-1998 and 2002-2005 respectively. Evaluation of the temporal relation between sediment mass load and tidal water volume for a tidal phase, ebb and flood respectively, shows some correlation. Comparison of freshwater discharge and estuary net sediment discharge reveals a net export of sediments out of the estuary in the vicinity of Kruibeke. Yet, this net transport of sediments has notably decreased in the course of time from 1995 to 2005. Quantification and computation of resuspension of bed sediments scoured by tidal currents and further dispersed and enhanced by particle de-flocculation and flocculation and resulted particle settling could help to understand sediment transport dynamics in the Scheldt estuary.


Inversion of a generalized Radon transform (GRT) of seismic type is investigated by employing the algebraic iterative methods ART and SIRT, which require discrete formulations of the reconstruction problem. To this aim, two discretization procedures are proposed: a direct discretization and a discretization via the relation of GRT with the regular Radon transform (RT). The feasibility and the semi‐convergence behavior of the proposed methods are analyzed and compared by discussing the effect of noisy data.


The invention discloses a method and a system for power communication failure early warning analysis based on a network model and rule models. The method includes: (1) building the failure early warning analysis network model; (2) building the failure early warning analysis rule models by combining the network model; (3) reading and analyzing all the built rule models, and inputting the rule models to a rule inference engine; (4) acquiring communication network alarm and performance information for normalization, and then inputting the information into the rule inference engine; (5) enabling the rule inference engine to infer according to the performance early warning rule model and to give early warning signals according to a rule conclusion part; (6) enabling the rule inference engine to infer according to the service influence range rule model and to give influenced services and influenced degree of the services; and (7) giving failure handling suggestions according to an early warning handling expert experience repository. By the method and the system, early warning prompts can be automatically given in real time before failures occur, and early warning service influence range and early warning handling suggestions can be given so that a technical means is provided for stable operation of power communication grids.


Earth's environment is changing in many ways at local, regional, and global scales. Dramatic changes in climate, land cover, and habitat availability have occurred over the past several centuries. Long-term data (exceeding 10 years) are needed to assess the rate and direction of change, to distinguish directional trends in these changes (such as persistent increases or decreases) from short-term variability (of multiyear cycles, for instance), and to forecast environmental conditions in the future. As an indication of global changes, for example, carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere has been increasing since 1958 at Mauna Loa in Hawaii (Keeling et al. 2001, 2005). Although this "Keeling Curve" fluctuates from year to year, global atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) are clearly rising (figure 1-1) (Keeling et al. 2001, 2005). This global increase in CO2 is likely responsible for the observed rise in global average temperatures and acidification of the ocean, which lead to coral bleaching and loss of coral reefs (IPCC 2007). The spread of invasive species and of infectious diseases constitutes additional drivers of global change that have significant ecological and economic consequences. Finally, human populations are increasing in numbers, changing in economic status, and moving around the country, resulting in uneven spatial distribution of ecological impacts (Grimm et al. 2008a, 2008b).


Let f(x),g(x) be two Boolean functions such that g(x)=f(xA+b)+l·x+c. Given the two functions, how to get equivalence relationship A,b,l,c is a useful problem. Using Walsh transform and autocorrelation transform, authors' first algorithm can get the equivalence relationship of g(x)=f(xA). To g(x)=f(xA+b)+l·x+c, if b is known, authors' second algorithm based on Fuller-Millan algorithm is at least k-1 times as fast as the Fuller-Millan algorithm, where k is the number of distinct absolute values of the autocorrelation function of f(x). In analyzing the equivalence relationship of Boolean functions in S -box of AES, the second algorithm is about 20 times as fast as the Fuller-Millan algorithm. In analysis of IP (isomorphism of polynomials) problem over F 2, authors point out that the IP problem with the parameters given by Patarin is solvable and thus the cryptosystem based on it is not secure.


"I don't want neon light, nor air conditioning. I prefer trees and boots. Farewell forever. Your only child. Pierre."1 These are Tom Thumb's words, not Charles Perrault's Tom Thumb, but the one created by Michel Toumier in a tale entitled Tom Thumb's Escape.2 In their rough childish sincerity, complete with spelling mistakes in the French, these hastily scribbled words underline the main aspect of a children's literature that is now being written in France. The message of the new tale is an ecological one: "back to nature." The hero chooses the plant kingdom and leaves behind a world which is getting more and more industrialized each day. The child-hero of the modem tale demonstrates a spirit of enterprise and adventure. He disapproves of paternal decisions, questions authority, and deliberately leaves his family. He signs his note to his parents, and leaves in search of another truth without looking back. He is no longer the weak and harmless character whom we used to know in the "classical" tale where


Many problems arising in the area of robotics are directly or indirectly motion related. In order to analyze such problems, it is necessary to incorporate the dynamics with the geometry in the mathematical formulation. With this in view, this thesis deals with two such problems--motion planning in the presence of uncertainty and the automated design of parts orienters.
Motion planning for robots with errors in position measurement, velocity and time is considered and shown to be decidable in polynomial time for a large class of inputs. The robot model is then extended to include damping--a limited form of force sensing. Motion planning for point objects in three-dimensional scenes and robots with damping is shown to be PSPACE-hard. A simplified version of the same problem is shown to be PSPACE-complete.
The problem of the automated design of parts orienters is rather closely related to motion planning. But the dynamics of the problem is so dominant that similar general formulations seem impossible. In this thesis, the alternative pursued is paradigm-by-paradigm analysis. Three paradigms are presented and analyzed--the "belt", for orienting convex polygons that are infinite in the third dimension, the "pan handler", for flat polygonal objects and the vibratory track for flat, convex polygons. Polynomial time algorithms are developed for the automated design of orienters in each of the paradigms.


The Chu dances described in the Song of Chu not only has the remainder of witch dances in the Chu kingdom but has the trace of the Ya music and dance of the Central Plains,as well it has the influence of dances in Zheng and Wei kingdoms.All of these combined and formed the basic forms of Chu dances with long sleeves and slender waists.It produced profound influence on Chinese dances after the Han dynasty.


The present invention relates to an agricultural machine for harvesting forage comprising a frame (1) carrying at least one pickup device (2) plant floor and at least one movement device (4) of the plant is ramasses.Elle characterized in that it comprises a guide device (7) of the plant which is situated at least partially above and at a short distance of the pickup device (2) and which is supported by arms (9) which extend over the displacement device (4).


Evidence suggests that accents can be typically more powerful in activating ethnicity categorization than appearance. Concurrently, some social categories, such as ethnicity, can be linked with other categories, such as religion. We investigate how people categorize those who belong to a (mis)matching pair of categories? In the present study, we investigated Germans' categorization of women either wearing a headscarf (Muslim religious symbol), or not, and speaking either standard German or German with an Arabic accent. The "Who Said What?" paradigm and multinomial modelling yielded that category memory, indicative of subtyping, was best for nonprototypical targets (i.e., headscarf and standard German accent, no headscarf and Arabic accent). In contrast, in-group targets (no headscarf and standard German accent) were individually remembered better than all other targets, whereas nonprototypical targets (no-headscarf and Arabic accent) were not remembered individually at all. These findings are discussed in terms of intersectionality and category prototypicality.


This research was based on the need for improving critical and creative thinking skills of student in the 21 -st century. In this research, we have implemented HOT-Lab model for topic of force. The model was characterized by problem solving and higher order thinking development through real laboratory activities. This research used a quasy experiment method with pre-test post-test control group design. Samples of this research were 60 students of Physics Education Program of Teacher Educatuon Institution in Bandung. The samples were divided into 2 classes, experiment class (HOT-lab model) and control class (verification lab model). Research instruments were essay tests for creative and critical thinking skills measurements. The results revealed that both the models have improved student's creative and critical thinking skills. However, the improvement of the experiment class was significantly higher than that of the control class, as indicated by the average of normalized gains (N-gain) for critical thinking skills of 60.18 and 29.30 and for creative thinking skills of 70.71 and 29.40, respectively for the experimental class and the control class. In addition, there is no significant correlation between the improvement of critical thinking skills and creative thinking skills in both the classes.


We investigated the problem of spoken character recognition on the alphabets, numbers, and special characters. We used the Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) as the feature points to characterize the spoken characters, and then reduced the dimensionality of the feature vector by applying the Principal Component Analysis. Four different machine learning algorithms were trained using the dimension-reduced feature vectors, and we compared their performance. For the alphabet set, we realized that many of the letters with similar sound structures were confused for each other, so we instead took a twolayer approach: first determine which "character set" an input is in, and then classify the sample within the set. We used the K-Means algorithm to determine the character set. For the best performance, we achieved 58.02% accuracy for the alphabets, 92.05% accuracy for the numbers, and 82.85% accuracy for the special letters.


The current study is about a cluster of food processing companies in Ipiros and Argolida Greece and the reasons why the choose the particular locations for their establishments.


Designing low-power wireless sensor networks is a multidomain task that involves estimation of node and network parameters, identification of routing redundancies, optimizing sleep scheduling cycles, improving data processing capabilities, and grouping nodes into performance-aware clusters. To perform these tasks, researchers have developed various models, most of which work on optimization of a limited set of parameters. Models that aim at optimizing multiple parameters are observed to have higher computational complexity, which reduces their energy efficiency under real-time use cases. Due to these lacunas, their applicability and scalability performance are reduced when applied to large-scale network scenarios. To overcome these limitations, this paper discusses the design of a novel hybrid bio-inspired model for improving the routing performance of energy-aware wireless sensor networks. The model initially deploys a Genetic Algorithm (GA) based sleep scheduling technique, which is able to optimize the energy levels of network nodes via intelligent duty cycle control operations. This is cascaded with a Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) Model, which assists in delay-aware, throughput-aware, and energy-aware routing under large scale network scenarios. The model uses an intelligent node selection technique due to which the number of computations needed for evaluation of GA and GWO is reduced exponentially. This reduction in computation allows the model to work with a reduced set of nodes, thus increasing the lifetime for multiple network types. The QoS (Quality of Service) was measured and compared with various state-of-the-art methods. Based on this comparison, it was observed that the proposed The model is capable of reducing communication delays by 14.5%, improving throughput by 8.3%, reducing energy consumption by 8.5%, and improving packet delivery ratio by 3.2% under different communication scenarios. Due to these enhancements, the proposed model is capable of being deployed for a wide variety of large-scale network use cases.


This study examined whether a 3D collaborative gave can be used as a midterm examination method and investigated the impact of this game on students' attitude towards collaboration. A total of 89 students and one coordinating professor participated in this study. The intervention lasted five weeks and took place in a computer science department. The game that was used as a treatment was dynamic and therefore the educator was able to customize its content for the examinations using an administration panel. A mixed method of quantitative and qualitative data collection was used. The results indicated that there was a statistically significant correlation between the performance of the students on the game and their performance on the final paper-based examination. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the attitude of the students towards collaboration before and after the use of the game.


&NA; Genome‐wide association studies have highlighted a number of genes involved in autophagy, which are of potential importance in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD). The associated polymorphisms in ATG16L1 and IRGM have been confirmed, and functional studies have begun to shed light on how they link to CD pathogenesis. In this review we consider the most salient aspects of this rapidly expanding field. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2011;)


Pregnancy is a complex process where the development of various physiological, metabolic and morphological changes are carried out in the pregnant women, being able to become an overwhelming and emotional process. Walker mentions, that the intensity of lumbopelvic pain during pregnancy increases with time, during the day and throughout its development, especially at week 36. The objective of this study is to demonstrate the effectiveness of psychoprophylaxis during pregnancy, so a previous bibliographical research was developed on the benefits of this method, both to the pregnant woman and to her child. It is an observational and descriptive study, since it allows the collection of data from the gestation process, seeking to corroborate the effects of the method, through assessment scales, surveys and direct observation of its effectiveness. The results showed that this process had a favorable influence on more than half of the patients, both on normal delivery, on labor time and labor pain, urinary incontinence and improvement in pelvic floor condition, Therefore it was possible to conclude that if technical of JACOBSON is efecct in the psychoprophylaxis of pregnancy is effective in several areas of pregnancy.


Objective To evaluate the value of examining serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI) in patients with angina pectoris.Methods Serum cTnI, creatine kinase isoenzyme MB(CK MB)were simultaneously measured in 30 healthy subjects, 35 stable angina pectoris(SAP) and 65 unstable angina pectoris,respectively. The relationships between the changes of cTnI and the cardiac events were analysed.Results The incidence of cardiac events within 30 days were significantly higher in group with increased cTnI (≥0.1ng/ml) than that with normal cTnI (0.1ng/ml).(47.7% vs 8.8%,P0.05). For the prediction of cardiac events with cTnI, its sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy were 76.3%, 67.4%, 45.6%, 87.8%, 69.5%, respectively.Conclusion The present study suggested that serum cTnI level show better predictive value for short term cardiac events in patients with unstable angina pectoris.


To better assess ecosystem C budgets of croplands and understand their potential response to climate and management changes, detailed information on the mechanisms and environmental controls driving the individual C flux components are needed. This accounts in particular for the ecosystem respiration (Reco) and its components, the autotrophic (Ra) and heterotrophic respiration (Rh) which vary tremendously in time and space. This study presents a method to separate Reco into Ra [as the sum of Ra (shoot) and Ra (root)] and Rh in order to detect temporal and small-scale spatial dynamics within their relative contribution to overall Reco. Thus, predominant environmental drivers and underlying mechanisms can be revealed. Reco was derived during nighttime by automatic chamber CO2 flux measurements on plant covered plots. Rh was derived from CO2 efflux measurements, which were performed in parallel to Reco measurements on a fallow plot using CO2 sampling tubes in 10 cm soil depth. Ra (root) was calculated as the difference between sampling tube CO2 efflux measurements on a plant covered plot and Rh. Ra (shoot) was calculated as Reco – Ra (root) – Rh. Measurements were carried out for winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) during the crop season 2015 at an experimental plot located in the hummocky ground moraine landscape of NE Germany. Reco varied seasonally from < 1 to 9.5 g C m−2 d−1, and was higher in adult (a) and reproductive (r) than juvenile (j) stands (g C m−2 d−1: j = 1.2, a = 4.6, r = 5.3). Observed Ra and Rh were in general smaller compared to the independently measured Reco, contributing in average 58% and 42% to Reco. However, both varied strongly regarding their environmental drivers and particular contribution throughout the study period, following the seasonal development of soil temperature and moisture (Rh) as well as crop development (Ra). Thus, our results consistently revealed temporal dynamics regarding the relative contribution of Ra (root) and Ra (shoot) to Ra, as well as of Ra and Rh to Reco. Based on the observed results, implications for partitioning of Reco in croplands are given.


Nitrogen was implanted into 316L stainless steel by plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) for surface modification. Due to nitrogen implantation, the corrosion resistance and interfacial contact resistance (ICR) were improved compared to the bare 316L stainless steel. The improved corrosion resistance was attributed to the formation of the expanded austenite phase (γN). The phase formation was found to be closely related to the evolution of the (111) plane texture. The formation of γN is strongly related to applied bias voltages. When bias voltages were increased to 15 kV, the γN phase was partially decomposed due to the formation of excessive nitride, including the CrN phase. For the ICR, increased crystallite size is effective in reducing contact resistance, which might arise from a reduced number of the grain boundary with electron scattering. In particular, the applied bias voltage of 10 kV was the most effective to both corrosion resistance and ICR, and its performance satisfies the demand for a bipolar plate in the Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC).


The paper deals with the modern approach to generation of digital modulated signals at intermediate frequency in digital way. The common digital modulator is based on analogue Quadrature modulator. The modern VLSI integrated circuits enable to implement this signal processing method in digital form. Analog and digital approaches are compared in this document. The measurement of narrow band D8PSK modulation signal generated by Quadrature Digital Upconverter is presented in this paper.


The existence of a normal-state spectral gap in underdoped cuprates raises important questions about the associated superconducting phase. For example, how does this pseudogap evolve into its below ${T}_{c}$ counterpart? In this paper we characterize this unusual superconductor by investigating the nature of the ``residual'' pseudogap below ${T}_{c},$ and find that it leads to an important distinction between the superconducting excitation gap and order parameter. Our approach is based on a conserving diagrammatic BCS Bose-Einstein crossover theory which yields the precise BCS result in weak coupling at any $Tl{T}_{c}$ and reproduces Leggett's results in the $T=0$ limit. We explore the resulting experimental implications.