2012-2013 FINAL PROJECT REPORT SUMMARIES The Alzheimer's and Related Diseases Research Award Fund (ARDRAF) was established by the Virginia General Assembly in 1982 and is administered by the Virginia Center on Aging at Virginia Commonwealth University. Summaries of the final project reports submitted by investigators funded during the 2012-2013 round of competition are given below. To receive the full reports, please contact the investigators or the ARDRAF administrator, Dr. Constance Coogle (804/828-1525, email@example.com). UVA Inchan Kwon, PhD and Erik Fernandez, PhD "Revealing the Effect of Food Dyes on Amyloid-Beta Structure-Cytotoxicity Relationships" Modulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide aggregation is considered a promising therapeutic strategy to cure Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although several U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs temporarily reduce symptoms, no treatment exists that slows or stops progression of AD. There is a need to discover more potent molecules and elucidate their relationship to AD pathology. In the search for safe, effective aggregation modulators, the investigators have examined FDA-approved food dyes and their close analogs. They previously reported that erythrosine B (ER) and brilliant blue G (BBG) reduce Aβ neurotoxicity by modulating Aβ aggregation. These exciting results suggest that ER and BBG could be promising lead compounds for AD therapy. For this project, the researchers explored the structural basis for ER and BBG (and their analogs) Aβ binding and the subsequent reduction of cytotoxicity. The preliminary results obtained indicate that a BBG analog, Brilliant Blue R, could be a promising candidate to proceed with in vivo testing in an animal model of AD. In addition, the immunoassays revealed the 10-16 amino acid sequence of the Aβ peptide as a potentially important binding region for aggregation modulators/inhibitors. This work could open the door for structure-based design of molecular or peptide inhibitors that specifically target the 10-16 amino acid sequence of Aβ. Lastly, the immunoassays described in this work provide an economical template for researchers to obtain residue level information without the need for nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometers or other costly apparatus. (Dr. Kwon may be contacted at 434/243-1822, firstname.lastname@example.com; Dr. Fernandez may be contacted at 434/ 982-2658, email@example.com) UVA Carol Manning, PhD, ABPP-CN, Steven DeKosky, MD, and Ishan C. Williams, PhD "Vascular Risk Factors and Cognition in African Americans" Vascular risk factors are associated with dementia. African-Americans have high rates of vascular risk factors and have high rates of dementia. However, dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), often a sign of early dementia, may be under-recognized in African-Americans coming in for general medical appointments. In this study, ninety-six African-Americans who were coming in to see their primary care physicians had cognitive testing immediately. None of the participants were coming to see their doctors because of cognitive complaints. Vascular risks were identified through the participants' medical records. Vascular risk factors included high blood pressure, diabetes, high cholesterol, history of stroke and cigarette smoking. Cognition was examined in relation to vascular risk factors. Concern about cognitive functioning in participants and physicians was also examined. Data revealed that vascular risks had a negative impact on cognition. According to our cognitive test results, 41% percent of our sample had MCI, despite a lack of cognitive complaints. In addition, neither the patients nor the physicians were aware of the degree of cognitive impairment. African-Americans, coming to see their primary care physicians for reasons other than memory, had high rates of cognitive impairment and vascular risk factors. Vascular risks were correlated with cognitive impairment. These findings indicate high rates of unrecognized cognitive impairment in this population and suggest that patients and physicians may be unaware of these difficulties. Lack of awareness may be secondary to limited appointment time and poor knowledge of risks for cognitive change.


After analyzing the defect of pipe-jacking in railway roadbed and the mechanic effect of pipe-jacking in the paper,a mathematical model for soil masses with couple of seepage and stress-strain is presented through adopting the autoregressive method of time series.Finally,application of the model is viewed.


In this brief, we introduce the working principle of a pacemaker neuron type integrate-and-fire circuit having two states with a periodic pulse-train input, first proposed by Nakano et al. (1999). The dynamics of this circuit can be described by a standard impulsive differential equation and applied to simulate the evolution of the pulse-coupled neural networks. By applying the Marotto theorem (1978), we theoretically prove that the circuit becomes chaotic as the parameters enter some regions. We find that the circuit does not exhibit chaotic dynamics with a small period of the pulse-train input but that a chaotic phenomenon appears with increase of the period. The relations between this circuit and that of symbolic dynamics are further investigated. Numerical simulations and corresponding calculation, as illustrative examples, reinforce our theoretical proof and theory.


Genes are the sources of information used for creating amino acids which are then assembled to form protein structures (molecules). Together, the various protein structures function in different catalytic and structural activities that are responsible for establishing phenotypes we see. Although both gene and proteins are equally involved in the biological functions that determine th phenotypes, considerable amount of time has been portioned, by geneticists and breeders alike, for dissection of gene architecture and its characteristics comparative to proteins. Proteins are the most versatile macromolecules in living systems and serve crucial functions in essentially all biological processes. They function as catalysts, they transport and store other molecules such as oxygen, they provide mechanical support and immune protection, they generate movement, they transmit nerve impulses, and they control growth and differentiation. Indeed, much of this text will focus on understanding what proteins do and how they perform these functions. Understanding protein structure and its functions is instrumental for advancing molecular sciences. This review attempts to shed some light on structure of proteins, relationship between amino acid sequence and DNA base sequence, hierarchical nature of protein structure as well as the relationship between protein structure and its functions. The information synthesized could provide an insight into the complex nature of proteins and its importance in the perception of biological sciences.


This paper proposes data associated channel compensation for PDM systems using channel hardening effect based on the law of large numbers. Computer simulation results validate the proposed technique compared to traditional CMA with CPR method.


The contact resistivity of Ni/Au contact on p-type GaN was drastically decreased through the surface treatments in sequence using alcohol-based HCl and KOH solution. The surface oxide on p-type GaN formed during epitaxial growth was removed in the alcohol-based HCl and KOH solution, The O 1s and C 1s core-level peaks in the x-ray photoemission spectra showed that the alcohol-based HCl treatment was more effective in removing of the surface oxide layer. Compared to the KOH solution treated sample, the alcohol-based HCl-treated sample showed a Ga 2p core-level peak which was shifted toward the valence-band edge by 0.3 eV, indicating that the surface Fermi level was shifted toward the valence-band edge. These results suggest that the surface barrier height for hole injection from Ni/Au metal to p-type GaN be lowered by the surface treatment, which results in a drastic reduction in specific contact resistance.


This paper is a summary of the impact that the impetuous development of information, science and technology may have on emphasizing trends and the role of artificial intelligence. It sets out to explain what conscience is, the way in which information is processed in the system of human thought, the relationship between this system and the study of human conscience and the way in which man-to-man, man-to-machine and machine-to-machine intercommunication is made. Some controversial views will also be displayed regarding the possibility of the existence of machines with a conscience are presented and then demonstrated why it would not possible to build such machines in the future. The conclusion is that, in the upcoming future, machines with a conscience are not consistent with reality and that the best thing would be to state that it will be possible in the future to build machines not with human intelligence, but only machines with algorithmic, binary intelligence.


Code-switching is a widespread but complicated linguistic phenomenon in all human societies.This paper, based on the analysis of code-switching by Chinese college students from sociolinguistic perspective,concludes that there are three major causes for code-switching,i.e.,the linguistic reality,the social conventions and the speaker's psychological motivation.


We present experimental results on the magnetic field B dependent voltage response V(B) of a number of N resistively shunted Josephson junctions connected in parallel by a multiple loop network. For an appropriate distribution of the array loop sizes, such networks constitute superconducting quantum interference filters (SQIFs) with voltage response functions V(B) that are not /spl Phi//sub 0/-periodic. The voltage response of SQIFs is a unique function around a global minimum at B=0 that has a high sensitivity and a low noise level. In contrast to conventional superconducting quantum interference devices, SQIFs can be directly employed as highly sensitive magnetometers allowing the absolute measurement of magnetic fields. The experimental results are in very good agreement with the theoretical predictions on which basis the SQIF has been fabricated, All findings suggest that superconducting quantum interference filters may allow the design of novel superconducting devices.


Dixon JB, Obrien PE, Playfair J, Chapman L, Schachter LM, Skinner S, Proietto J, Bailey M, Anderson M: Adjustable gastric banding and conventional therapy for type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial.

JAMA 299:316 -323, 2008

[OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4]

Design. A randomized controlled trial comparing a conventional lifestyle change intervention to conventional management plus laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding for the outcomes of "diabetes regression," defined as fasting glucose < 126 mg/dl and hemoglobin A1c (A1C) < 6.2% while using no glucose-controlling medications.

Subjects. Sixty patients with a BMI of 30-40 kg/m2 and recently (within 2 years) diagnosed diabetes.

Methods. Eligible participants were 20-60 years of age, had type 2 diabetes diagnosed within 2 years, and had no evidence of impaired renal function or diabetic retinopathy. Potential participants completed a 3-month run-in period that included efforts to optimize their diabetes treatment. Those completing the run-in period were randomized, and no attempt was made to blind patients or providers to their intervention status. Those assigned to …

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1. Electric razor for wet shaving with a power source, comprising: handle and a cartridge detachable from the handle, and wherein the cartridge comprises at least one blade with a sharpened edge, and wherein the cartridge has an expected resource shaving; ! the electrical system inside the shaving apparatus to record and track workload razor and shaving determining the residual life based on an expected resource and tracked resource; ! and an indicator to signal the user about the residual shaving resource. ! 2. The razor of claim 1, characterized in that the indicator is programmed to change the applied signal from the first to the second. ! 3. The razor of claim 2, characterized in that the indicator is programmed to supply the first signal and the second signal, and mixing the first and second signals in a signal informing the user that the residual shaving resource. ! 4. The razor of claim 3, characterized in that the first signal is proportional to the residual resource shaving. ! 5. The razor of claim 3, characterized in that the second signal is inversely proportional to the residual resource shaving. ! 6. The razor of claim 2, characterized in that the indicator comprises the first and second light sources. ! 7. The razor of claim 2, characterized in that the indicator is designed to generate a third signal, and mixing the at least two signals of the first, second and third signals, indicating to the user that the residual shaving resource. ! 8. The razor of claim 7, wherein the indicator further comprises a third light source. ! 9. The razor of claim 1


Bitumen formations have been drilled through in 5 wells of Iranian Y oil field.Bitumen has resulted in contamination of drilling fluids.High density drilling fluid did not help to control the bitumen flow into the wellbore.A series of laboratory tests showed that traditional thinners could not eliminate the contamination of bitumen.The rheology properties turned better temporarily after adding 15%-20% fresh water,but they were destroyed again after resuming the same mud weight with barite.Diesel and emulsifier had an immediate and long effect on the contaminated drilling fluids.Two different techniques were used to deal with the bitumen problem during field operation.The first was the mechanical discharge or replacement ways.In this ways,bitumen was removed or dumped,it wouldn't accumulate to contaminate the drilling fluids.The second was an emulsification way,which bitumen was emulsified and dispersed in drilling fluids.Field applications proved that the first ways were suitable for light contaminated wells,whereas the second was better to the severe bitumen inrush wells.


Problem Disproportionate police shootings of unarmed Black men have been a controversial topic of discussion in recent years. While Black men are 6% of the United States population, they make up almost half of the fatal police shootings each year. These figures indicate that policing tactics are depriving certain citizens of their right to live in peaceful societies where everyone experiences justice. Method The focus of this study was to develop, test and employ a training intervention model that facilitated a community of trust between law enforcement officers and Black American youth. This was done through the development of an intervention manual that focused on facilitating restorative justice and initiating community policing tactics with participants. This project brought 24 young Black men and 14 police officers together for a three-week, four-part intervention. A pre- and post-survey was administered to the participants to measure significant changes in perception. Result The data revealed that the young Black men did show significant changes in perceptions of trust towards police. The police mostly shared positive initial and final perceptions of the young men. Thus, the police officers', pre- and post-data, did not show significant changes in perception towards the youth. However, their written and verbal comments indicated increased concern for the young men and enthusiasm for implementing continued community policing. Conclusions Perhaps if a group of police officers who initially admitted to having negative perceptions towards young Black males participated in this project, more significant changes would have been revealed in their perceptions post-survey. More research could have been done in this area. Implementing the intervention for a longer period of time would have rendered even better results.


Children with esophageal foreign bodies may present with a variety of respiratory symptoms and few, if any, symptoms of esophageal obstruction.Awareness of this presentation by the clinician and radiologist should lead to early diagnosis. This is most important, for if the diagnosis is not secured at an early stage, complications such as esophageal ulceration, esophageal perforation, chronic aspiration pneumonia, and failure to thrive can develop.Early roentgenographic examination of the neck (lateral view with extension and inspiration) and chest is essential and usually all that is needed for the diagnosis.Barium swallow examination may be required in some cases, but potentially hazardous diagnostic procedures such as tracheoscopy and bronchoscopy should be avoided.


Thermal neutron fluxes prevailing near some Zircaloy-2 specimens exposed during HRT run 17 and near others exposed during runns 17, 16, 14, and 13 were determined from measurements of the induced activity in the specimens. The neutron fluxes were calculated for an average core power level of 1 Mw. Flux values of 5.3 to 3.8 x 10/sup 13/ neutrons/cm/sup 2/ sec were obtained for core screen specimens located 1O.9 to 16.8 inches, respectively, below the core center. Values of 1.4 to 1.6 x l0/sup 13/ neutrons/cm/sup 2/ sec were obtained for four specimens located in the reactor blanket region about 21 inches from the core center, and flux values for specimens from the core exit region, located about 34 to 53 inches from the core center, were calculated to have ranged from 6.2 x 10/ sup 11/ to 4.8 x 10/sup 10/ neutrons/cm sec. (auth)


Stroke is the leading cause of long-term adult disability in the U.S. Neuronal damage in the brain results in impaired muscle coordination which induces asymmetric and abnormal walking patterns. Muscle-actuated forward dynamic simulation of walking patterns of healthy young adults has elucidated unique and synergistic roles of the uniarticular and biarticular plantarflexors. Neptune and colleagues (2001) reported that soleus delivers energy to the trunk, gastrocnemius accelerates the leg forward, and both contribute significantly to vertical support of the center of mass [1]. In a simulation of post-stroke hemiparetic gait, Higginson et al. (2006) observed that non-paretic muscles mimicked the function of healthy muscles, while paretic ankle plantarflexor function was limited and required supplemental effort by hip and knee extensors [2].Copyright © 2007 by ASME


Nanopolymerization based on plasmon-induced charge separation (PICS) was performed on a gold nanoparticle-deposited TiO2 substrate. Phenol and 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene, which have different oxida...


Annemarie Luijendijk – William E. Klingshirn (eds.), My Lots are Thy Hands: Sortilege and its Practitioners in Late Antiquity (Religions in the Graeco-Roman World 188). Leiden – Boston: Brill 2018. xvii, 392 pp. – ISBN: 978-90-04-38410-1 (129 EURO).


Background: OHSS is a dangerous and potentially life-threatening
condition for which many researchers look for new ways to treat. Aim: To
determine the effectiveness of prophylactic cabergoline administration on
prolactine levels in patients with high risk for ovarian hyperstimulation
syndrome (OHSS). Material and Methods: 163 in
vitro fertilisation (IVF) patients with high risk for OHSS were enrolled in
the study. The criteria for inclusion were more than 15 oocytes retrieved at
oocyte pick up. A standard antagonist protocol was used for ovulation induction.
Cabergoline treatments (0.5 mg/day) were started on the day of oocyte retrieval
and continued for eight days. Prolactine levels were measured at the day of
oocyte retrieval and the 9th day after the oocyte retrieval. Results: Of the
163 patients, 26 (15.9%) had OHSS. Prolactine levels on the day of oocyte
retrieval were 44.22 ± 24.78 ng/mL and 37.6 ± 22.5 ng/mL in patients with OHSS
and without OHSS, respectively (P > 0.05). In contrary prolactine levels
were significantly higher in patients with OHSS patients (3.9 ± 5.07 ng/mL)
than in patients without OHSS (2.1 ± 2.92 ng/mL) at the 9th day after oocyte
retrieval (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Prolactine levels were higher in patients
with OHSS than without OHSS who were treated with cabergoline for the prevention
of OHSS.


Abstract. Modern technology allows the fabrication of antennas with a characteristic size comparable to the electromagnetic wavelength in the optical region. This has led to the development of new technologies using nanoscale rectifying antennas (rectennas) for solar energy conversion and sensing of terahertz, infrared, and visible radiation. For example, a rectenna array can collect incident radiation from an emitting source and the resulting conversion efficiency and operating characteristics of the device will depend on the spatial and temporal coherence properties of the absorbed radiation. For solar radiation, the intercepted radiation by a micro- or nanoscale array of devices has a relatively narrow spatial and angular distribution. Using the Van Cittert–Zernike theorem, we show that the coherence length (or radius) of solar radiation on an antenna array is, or can be, tens of times larger than the characteristic wavelength of the solar spectrum, i.e., the thermal wavelength, λT=2πℏc/(kBT), which for T=5000  K is about 3  μm. Such an effect is advantageous, making possible the rectification of solar radiation with nanoscale rectenna arrays, whose size is commensurate with the coherence length. Furthermore, we examine the blackbody radiation emitted from an array of antennas at temperature T, which can be quasicoherent and lead to a modified self-image, analogous to the Talbot-Lau self-imaging process but with thermal rather than monochromatic radiation. The self-emitted thermal radiation may be important as a nondestructive means for quality control of the array.


We have used Monte Carlo simulations to observe the magnetic behaviour of Ising thin-films with cubic lattice structures as a function of temperature and thickness especially in the critical region. The fourth order Binder cumulant is used to extract critical temperatures, and an extension of finite size scaling theory for reduced geometry is derived to calculate the critical exponents. Magnetisation and magnetic susceptibility per spin in each layer are also investigated. In addition, mean-field calculations are also performed for comparison. We find that the magnetic behaviour changes from two dimensional to three dimensional character with increasing thickness of the film. The crossover of the critical temperature from a two dimensional to a bulk value is also observed with both the Monte Carlo simulations and the mean-field analysis. Nevertheless, the simulations have shown that the critical exponents only vary a little from their two dimensional values. In particular, the results for films with up to eight layers provide a strong indication of two dimensional universality.


Summary It seems therefore, that the liver plays an important role in the conversion of angiotensin I to II. The speed of this reaction is much slower than that which occurs in the lung. The slower conversion that occurs in the serum may be due to the interplay of liver converting enzyme with angiotensinases. The angiotensinase effect is overcome with the passage of time enabling converting enzyme to reduce the vasoinactive decapeptid to the vasoactive octapeptid angiotensin II.


The tensor fasciae latae muscle arises from the anterior part of the outer lip of the iliac crest and is invested in a double fascial layer. These fascial layers blend at the junction between the upper and the middle thirds of the lateral aspect of the thigh and course down as the ilio-tibial tract to insert into the lateral femoral condyle. The muscle flexes and rotates the femur internally. The muscle is provided with a constant blood supply through one reliable vascular pedicle arising from the lateral circumflex femoral artery and its accompanying vein. The motor innervation is through the descending branch of the superior gluteal nerve. The overlying skin has two sources of sensory innervation: (1) the cutaneous branch of the T12 segment (upper part), and (2) the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (lower part). The tensor fasciae latae was first described as a free musculocutaneous flap by Hill, Nahai, and Vasconez in 1978. This musculocutaneous unit can be transferred with motor as well as sensory innervation; there are ample and different types of tissue that may be transferred based on the vascular pedicle of this muscle. These properties make the tensor fasciae latae muscle a very reliable workhorse for dealing with various reconstructive challenges. Preparation


Using principal-agent theory of information economics,the incentive mechanism of Closed Loop Supply Chain(CLSC) formed by a single manufacturer and a single retailer was studied.According to the retailer's task observation degree,the retailer's activities were defined as forward logistics activity which can be observed easily and reverse logistics activity which cannot be observed easily.Then an incentive model was established based on multi-task principal-agent theory.After qualitative description,quantitative analysis and solution,the optimal incentive intensity coefficient was determined and a series of meaningful conclusions were obtained.Finally,a numerical example was given to analyze and illustrate the model.The conclusion provides a theoretical basis for the design and management of CLSC.


The various organs of the plant are related to each other; The phenomenon that each part promotes and controls each other in the growth process is called correlation. The correlation of crop growth is important for the distribution of photosynthetic products. The relationship between stem-leaf ratio, grain-stem ratio and root-shoot ratio over time is used to express the growth correlation of winter wheat, and the ratio of actual evapotranspiration to crop potential evapotranspiration is used to express the degree of water and nutrient stress. Use the experiment data of high water and high fertilizer and zero water and zero fertilizer of winter wheat from Huoquan Experimental Station in Shanxi Province in 2017-2019 (6 treatments in 3 years). Mainly include dry matter measurement data of stem weight, leaf weight, ear weight, grain weight and root weight, then analyzing the effects of water and nutrient stress on the organs and growth correlation of winter wheat. The results show that the stem-leaf ratio, grain-stem ratio, and root-shoot ratio change with the time of crops, and their changing trends are the "S" curve, power function curve, and exponential function curve respectively. After winter wheat was stressed to water and nutrient, the dry matter weight of the organs decreased, the stem-leaf ratio increased, and the grain-stem ratio and root-shoot ratio which time did not change significantly.


This study is to analyse the urbanization pattern using temporal series of land use data from 6 Landsat TM images, and cluster the factors of urbanization by PCA (principal component analysis) of factor analysis (FA). For Anseong-cheon watershed, 35 factors related to topography, population, land use, and soil characteristics were adopted. The factors were clustered as 5 groups which are topographic factor of non-urbanization, topographic factor of urbanization, vegetation and number of farm house, population and farmland area, and changing rate of population. The FA result showed that Yongin-si, Cheonan-si and Suwon-si in Anseong-cheon watershed were analysed as highly urbanized city.


The leaf-spotting fungus, Cercospora diazu Miura, frequently attacks certain varieties of soybean, Soja max (L.) Piper, grown in the Southern States. The name ''frog-eye'' ^ has been given to the disease produced by this fungus on the soybean. The first authenticated observations of frog-eye on soybeans in the United States were made in 1925, when the disease was found in five Southern States. Announcement of the discovery of the disease in North Carolina and of the probable identity of the causal fungus with Cercospora diazu Miura, previously described as the cause of a disease of soybean in Manchuria and Japan, was first made by Wolf and Lehman ^ in 1926. A detailed description of the disease and of C. diazu with an account of the isolation and inoculation tests proving the causal relation of the fungus to the disease was published by Lehman ^ in 1928. At that time very few lesions had been found on stems and none at all on pods. Since then many infections of the frog-eye disease have been observed on pods and stems in a number of plantings. In the present paper the writer recounts briefly the symptoms on stems, describes the disease as it appears on infected pods, notes the extent and character of seed infection, gives certain data on longevity of the causal fungus in culture, presents the results of tests showing that the disease may overwinter in leaves and stems left in the field following a diseased crop, and shows that the disease may be initiated in new territory by use of infected seed.


Isocyclosporins are isomers of cyclosporins deriving from an N,O-acyl transfer occurring under acidic conditions. For the identification by H NMR of isocyclosporins prepared in organic solvents the signal at 2.3 ppm assigned to three hydrogens of the NHCH3 group is considered. Results reported here show that the H NMR spectrum of isocyclosporin A prepared in aqueous acidic conditions lacks of the above signal and profoundly differs from that of isocyclosporin A prepared in organic solvents, despite the identity of the primary structures determined on the basis of mass spectrometric analysis.  1997 Academic Press


Computer and Information Sciences is a unique and comprehensive review of advanced technology and research in the field of Information Technology. It provides an up to date snapshot of research in Europe and the Far East (Hong Kong, Japan and China) in the most active areas of information technology, including Computer Vision, Data Engineering, Web Engineering, Internet Technologies, Bio-Informatics and System Performance Evaluation Methodologies.


(57) Abstract: Disclosed herein is simultaneously washed hair with the application of a single product, prepared conditioning, curl retention, the hair care compositions and such compositions offer the advantage of styling and setting properties it is a method for. The present hair care compositions contain a mixture of non-anionic surfactants fatty alkyl amine salt in the system, long chain quaternary ammonium salts and mixtures thereof with styling anionic polymer, this time surfactant system nonionic surfactants, semi-polar nonionic surfactants, contains an amphoteric surfactant and mixtures thereof. Styling, set and conditioning agents to form a fatty alkyl amine salt or fatty are present in the form of a quaternary ammonium salt, styling anionic polymeric particulate network Dilution in water. These particulate network is dispersed in an aqueous non-anionic surfactant system is stabilized and densification by any swellable polymeric thickener. Hair care compositions of the present invention can be prepared in the form of an isotropic liquid and / or translucent / clear isotropic liquid in the liquid, pearlescent / opaque in opaque structure. Hair care compositions of the present invention to allow restyling of the hair by wetting the hair with water, non-anionic surfactant, silicone, it contains a solvent or cationic polymeric conditioning agents. Further, multiple applications of these hair care compositions do not cause accumulation of standing upon the hair.


The absorption of methylene blue by jute fibre, both raw and variously treated, has been measured undcr different conditionn. The dye absorption depends largely on the pH of the dyebath. but is practically independent of time, temperature, and concentration. The maximum absorption agrees fairly well with the acid value of the fibre, both raw and treated. It is suggested that cationic exchange takes place between polyuronic acids of the fibre and methylene blue. The strong natural affinity of jute for basic dyes does not appear to be due to the presence of lignin, which has a comparatively low absorption value. A much deeper hue can be obtained with basic dyes if the fibre is given a mild preliminary treatment with dilute caustic soda at room temperature


Methods to quantify plant available silicon (Si) from Si-based slags for use as fertilizers are not well defined. Although it is possible to estimate total Si from a potential Si fertilizer source; this approach does not represent how much Si is available for uptake by the plant. In this study, Si was extracted from ten sources [Wollastonite W10; calcium silicate slag from the US; calcium silicate from Canada; magnesium silicate; Excellerator; silican gel; 00-00-12 + Si (liquid source) and three types of potassium silicate with different concentrations in the liquid form, K53; K120 and AgSilTM25] using each of the following seven methods: hydrochloric acid (HCl) plus hydrofluoric acid (HF) extraction, leaching column; sodium carbonate (Na2CO3–10 g L−1) + ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3–16 g L−1); citric acid (50 g dm−3 or 5%); hydrochloric acid (0.5 N); neutral ammonium citrate (NAC); and resin (Amberlite IRC-50, pK 6.1). All the Si-containing products were added to pots at rates equal to 600 kg ha−1 of Si based on the total Si extracted. Poa trivialis cv. 'Darkhorse' was grown for 24 days with these sources to determine Si plant uptake. Based on the correlation coefficients, the best extractor for available Si in solid fertilizer was determined to be Na2CO3 + NH4NO3, while for liquid fertilizers, the total Si (HCl + HF) was found to be the best. Consequently, regulatory agencies now have two extractors for estimating the plant available Si from fertilizers depending on the physical property of the material (solid or liquid).


The subject of modern and save sunglasses is entertaining to many people especially due to anti-UV eye protection. Many people use glasses with anti-UV or blue-block coatings to driving or sun-tanning. There were analyzed transmittance and reflectance of different sunglasses made with thin-layer coatings. Sunglasses with absorption-interference protection are specially interesting due to technical simplicity of production.


Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important Rabi cereals crop in all over the world. It is a thermo stable crop that is cultivated on latitudinal distribution (Sahu et al., 2002). Wheat is consumed by the human in all tropical and subtropical areas in developing as well as developed nations. It grows mainly 15-18 0 C optimum temperature (Chaudhary and wardlaw, 1978). But above temperature from particular temperature, it suffers the chronic heat tolerance during reproductive phase and vegetative growth. Main causes of high temperature are the global warming (Iba, 2002). Heat stress affected to the production of wheat in arid and semi-arid areas. So to consider these problems Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the important cereal crops. It has the top first rank in among cereals because of which it has most significant contribution to the worldwide. Now day's high temperature is continuing raising that affected to wheat crop. This temperature is risen by human activities and some other activities. Heat stress is an abiotic phenomenon that resulting the losses in yield. High temperature alters the primary phenomena such as growth and development and also affect to the physiological responses and biochemical aspects. So we need to develop heat tolerance variety that can give good yield performance during heat stress. This may be achieved by the knowledge of whole plant mechanism such as mechanism of heat tolerance with plants, morphological responses, anatomical responses, physiological responses and expression of gene. Now days most of the tool to be adopted is molecular marker to know the idea about mechanism of heat stress. Molecular marker system reveals idea about which one gene/ QTLs associated with heat tolerance. K e y w o r d s

https://www.ijcmas.com/9-2-2020/Anand Kumar and Vivudh Pratap Singh.pdf


This research provides an insight into heuristic scheduling by using Genetic Algorithm. The background is to make students will not have difficulties in learning to prepare their exams and they can perform well. Scheduling is a complex process because it must comply with several constraints at once, within a reasonable process. The research uses sample of exam schedule at University of Surabaya, Engineering faculty, with some majors for school year 1997-1998, even semester. In accordance with the purpose of this research is to implement heuristic concept, that the program scheduling with genetic algorithm could produce a quality schedule in a relatively not too long when compared to the manual method. This research results shows that number of chromosome will determine value of objective function obtained greater but longer time taken, and determine the saddle point obtained vanishingly small, it means faster experiencing a stable condition or a condition where the rate of change of small value does not even exist. In addition, this research provides evidence that crossover-probability parameter is greater then the value of the objective function obtained greater too, and average of consuming time is same. It means more of the crossover process too.


Introduction In previous studies French, Gernandt, and Livingston11observed that upon direct repetitive stimulation different areas of the monkey's cerebral cortex displayed different thresholds for the induction of electrical after-discharges. The motor cortex had the lowest and the occipital the highest threshold for seizure induction with this technique. A subsequent study by Eidelberg, Konigsmark, and French9revealed that this differential susceptibility to seizure induction was paralleled by differences in the amplitude of the direct cortical responses (DCR) to single-shock local electrical stimulation. The maximum amplitudes were encountered in the motor cortex, while minimum deflections were found in the occipital cortex; intermediate values were present in other areas of the convexity. Recently Kandel, Spencer, and Brinley18have reported very large responses to be elicited by a similar technique on the dorsal hippocampal surface, one of the most epileptogenic structures. Chang,5,6Clare and Bishop,7and others have


Lembah Bujang heritage is important as a starting point to understand the origins and history of civilization in Malaysia. The aim for this research is to determine the unearthed shrines in Lembah Bujang that still lays underground by using geospatial application technique (structural detection by Radar) in conserving the heritage site. The approaches combining satellite remote sensing and GIS also can be determine how far the radius of extension of the hidden artefacts and monument in Lembah Bujang by significant evidence in Sungai Batu simultaneously giving a clear chronology of the civilization in this historic area. The new evidence and studies are significant to help in discovery of previous which studies by the Centre of Global Archaeology Research (CGAR). The images of multi-temporal in 2003, 2010 and 2014 by Radarsat-1 and Radarsat-2 satellite were interpreted through a specific site such as Sungai Batu, Lembah Bujang and Pengkalan Bujang to address a research questions. This paper also will be highlight a further analysis of possible immensity to be preserved from any expansions of land use developments surrounding the shrines in Lembah Bujang at once as guidance to pursuing an area as official gazette historical site in Malaysia as well contribute in the chronology of the land use development planning in Lembah Bujang and assist in making recommendations in land use planning guidelines for preservation and conservation in the heritage site.


In this issue of IEEE Control Systems Magazine, we speak with Bassam Bamieh, who is a professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the University of California at Santa Barbara. He was formerly an assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering at the University of Illinois at UrbanaChampaign. His research interests are in the fundamentals of control and dynamical systems, as well as the applications of systems and feedback techniques in several physical and engineering problems. These areas include robust and optimal control, distributed and networked control and dynamical systems, shear flow transition and turbulence, and the use of active control in thermoacoustic energy conversion devices.


This paper generalizes the normally ordered tensor product from Tate vector spaces to Tate objects over arbitrary exact categories. We show how to lift bi-right exact monoidal structures, duality functors, and construct external Homs. We list some applications: (1) Pontryagin duality uniquely extends to n-Tate objects in locally compact abelian groups; (2) Adeles of a flag can be written as ordered tensor products; (3) Intersection numbers can be interpreted via these tensor products.


Using a qualitative approach, the authors tested a crime typology developed for tourism destinations in a U.S. National Forest recreation setting. Specific objectives were to classify the attributes of crime and violence, examine the effects of crime and violence on visitor demand, and suggest methods of prevention and recovery. A key modification to the crime typology prior to data collection was to anchor it to crime And violence-activity categories revealed from an earlier study. Several recommendations are given, with the understanding that they derived from the first run of the crime typology in a U.S. National Forest setting. These include refinements of key typology measures of motivations, victims, severity, frequency, and riots.


Serum levels of glucose and insulin are studied during 12 hours in the early post-operative period after intra-abdominal surgery. Five groups of non diabetic patients are perfused with incremental doses of glucose, G. I: no glucose, G. II: 8,33 g . h-1 of glucose during 6 hours, G. III: 16,66 g . h-1 of glucose during 6 hours, G. IV: 16,66 g . h-1 of glucose with 20 mu insulin; G. V: 16,66 g . h-1 of glucose with 40 mu insulin. In all groups a significant rise in serum levels of glucose is observed (10,5-15,6 mmol . l-1). At the same time serum level of insulin remains unchanged except when insulin is infused. However exogenous insulin is unable to prevent the serum level of glucose to rise post-operatively.


This report describes some efforts made to develop means for reducing the damage made by logging machines on soil and roots of remaining trees. In this connection a special type of rubber track was developed. The rubber track was inserted inside a conventional steel track on the bogie at the rear of a common type forwarder. Rubber cushions glued on to the track filled the space between the steel-bars of the steel track. This way the ground contact was mainly rubber, while the pull strain on the tracks was taken up by the steel track. A comparative study showed no significant difference in rut depth between tracks with and without rubber. In order to distinguish damages caused by the bogie, some plots were travelled by the whole machine and others by the bogie only. The following conclusions may be drawn: the studied combination of a steel and rubber track may reduce root damages caused by the bogie; front-wheel design, weight and pressure distribution as well as slipping properties of the most common forest-tractors eliminate the positive effect of the rubber track; therefore it is not motivated to introduce this type of rubber track unless other changes in chassis design are made at the same time. (TRRL)


A unified treatment of Franck-Condon (FC) overlap integrals with arbitrary values of parameters is described. These integrals are represented in terms of binomial coefficients. For quick calculations, the binomial coefficients are stored in the memory of the computer. Therefore, the CPU time has been greatly reduced. Numerical results presented agree excellently with those obtained in the literature


The goal of this work is the analysis of the structure of minimal joint graph and its properties. A system of terms is given to structure the research space. The minimal joint graph properties are studied. The structure theorem about the minimal joint graph set is proven and an algorithm to build such a set is suggested.


The purpose of this study is to measure the level of learning in Telecom Service Providing Company, in public sector of Pakistan. In this article David Garvin's questionnaire which he provided in his article "Is yours a Learning Organization" has been used (Garvin, Edmondson et al. 2008). The questions were relating to three building blocks; Supportive learning Environment, Concrete Learning Processes and Practices and Leadership that Reinforces Learning. The questionnaires were distributed in Faisalabad Region. The responses inserted in SPSS software for further analysis. Arithmetic Mean, standard deviation and reliability test were applied. The average score of all three building blocks; supportive learning Environment, Concrete Learning Processes and leadership have also been calculated. The results have been compared with the Benchmark score consisted of five quartiles ranging from bottom to top quartile provided by the same scholar. It has been observed that most of the values are falling in bottom and second quartile which revealed that significant improvement is required in all dimension of learning in Public Telecom Sector in Pakistan.


INTRODUCTION The gymnastics academies have been lately called of "industries of fitness", including in this term all its activities, such as gym lessons, weightlifiting, hydrogym or any other programs that are developed in its dependences. We need to evaluate if this denomination is adjusted the proposals of the companies in question. Guiseline (1997) defines fitness as a series of factors that, when related they unconditionally promote an improvement in the quality of life of the people, these factors are the heartbreathing resistance, the muscular force, muscular resistance, flexibility and corporal composition. Is it true that in the gymnastics academies the concept of fitness is being practiced, leading its customers to an improvement in the quality of life? It is always convenient to evaluate that it will be possible or at least when will be implemented a new activity. We know that some reasons take a person to look for to make physical activity: "social, fashion, aesthetic, leisure and physicians". (GOMES & ARAÚJO FILHO, 1992, P.7). it is fitble to the professional of physical education to conscious the pupil and to adjust its objective to the concept of fitness considered by Guiseline. In the City of João Pessoa PB the Prodigy Academy was implemented in 2001 a attractive program initially with the only aesthetic, that would be the reduction of the corporal fat and increase of the lean or muscular mass, however this objective already fits in one of itens that they form fitness that is the corporal composition, improving it, the participant would not only have aesthetic profits as also in quality of life, therefore Pollock and Wilmore (1993) cite economic consequences and medical refusals in result of the fat. It is convenient now to analyze estatistics on the basis of the data accumulated in the evaluations of the practitioners, if the related program, called "body for life" considered by Phillips and D'Orso (1999), if it gives to the divulged objectives to the customers of the Prodigy Academy. Soon the guiding question of this work was: will the training be considered for "body for life" during a period of three months provokes modifications in the corporal composition of its practitioners?


Recent measurements of galactic radioactivity with the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory reported {sup 44}Ti activity from the supernova remnant Cassiopeia A. The absolute amount of {sup 44}Ti provides a stringent test for current supernova models. The main uncertainty is presently the half-life of {sup 44}Ti . We report a new measurement of the half-life of {sup 44}Ti applying a novel technique using a mixed radioactive ion beam containing {sup 44}Ti as well as {sup 22}Na ions. This method allows the reliable determination of the half-life of {sup 44}Ti with high accuracy, t{sub 1/2}=(60.3{plus_minus}1.3) yr . The {sup 44}Ti abundance determined for Cassiopeia A with this half-life agrees with theoretical predictions within the observational uncertainties. {copyright} {ital 1998} {ital The American Physical Society}


0 . . A man or society without games is one sunk in the zombie trance of the automaton. Art and games enable us to stand aside from the material pressures of routine and convention, observing and questioning. Games as popular art forms offer to all an immediate means of participation in the full life of a society, such as no single job or role can offer to any man. Marshall McLuhan Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man


Obtaining data on manure nutrient characteristics is the key element of a successful
nutrient management planning. The known most accurate method is laboratory analysis. However, it
may take up to three weeks to obtain the test results and there may be a significant change in
manure nutrient contents during this time period. Therefore using lab data may not reflect the actual
manure nutrient contents at the time of application.
The purpose of this study was to develop a gas sensor array to estimate the manure nutrient
contents. Three metal-oxide gas sensors including methane, ammonia, and hydrogen sulfide were
used. Forty manure samples were collected from four beef operations in South-West North Dakota.
Manure samples were sent to the North Dakota State University Soil Science Department's soil
testing lab to be analyzed for moisture content, total-nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K),
and ammonium-nitrogen (NH4-N). Regression equations were developed showing the relationships
between sensor array readings and the lab results. The sensor array was able to estimate manure
N, P, and K with correlation coefficients of 0.84, 0.68, and 0.87, respectively.


In this paper, a novel facile strategy is reported for fabricating an environment friendly, aging-resistant, and waterproof-breathable fabric using a "pad-knife" coating technique and waterborne polyurethane (WPU) containing isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and lignin as an antioxidant agent. Morphology, hydrophobic property, accelerated weathering aging property and artificial degradation performance as well as water vapor transmission and tensile property are characterized. Results show that, IPDI can effectively prevent PU discoloration. Lignin amount affects the morphological structure, tearing strength, WVTR and hydrostatic pressure capability of coated fabrics. Moreover, a 2% lignin addition provides fabrics with enhanced waterproof-breathable properties and tearing strength performance compared with pure WPU coated fabrics after accelerated weathering exposure. The facile coating technology can be applied to protective and functional textiles for military and civil polyester tents.


The typical sampling method was used to make a statistical investigation and comparative analysis of the plants composition, species diversity and community diversity index in the urban greenbelts of Xianning city. The results showed that there were 75 families, 133 genera and 197 species of green plants in the urban green lands of Xianning city. In different types of greenbelts, the sweet olives had the highest occurrence, while the other native tree species were relatively rare. The street parks had the highest plant diversity index, while the plant diversity indexes in road greenbelts, square greenbelts, and residential area greenbelts were relatively low. During the greenbelt construction in Xianning city, it is important to protect the plant diversity in street parks and further to optimize their plant composition structures. In addition, it is necessary to increase the plant species in the other three types of greenbelts and attention should be focused on the promotion and cultivation of some ornamental plants in the urban greenbelts.


Tremendous amount of oil and gas left behind in unconventional reservoirs, especially in the United States. Therefore, it is necessary to economically recover these shale-based energy resources by the effective hydraulic fracturing technology. In this paper, a pseudo-component black oil reservoir simulator was used to evaluate the gas production from a synthetic shale gas reservoir through hydraulic fracturing (HF).
 In that reservoir, one horizontal well was placed with 11 hydraulic fractures to predict the future reservoir performance within 22-year prediction period. The base case of HF simulation was set with a default values for the hydraulic fracturing parameters along with default production well constraints. The HF design parameters included are fracture conductivity and permeability, fracture width and half length, layers up and down, and minimum fracture spacing. The production well constraints were minimum bottom hole pressure and maximum gas production rate. Next, Design of Experiments (DoE) and proxy modeling were adopted for the optimization of hydraulic fracturing design through the shale gas production. In particular, these operational controllable parameters were manipulated using the Latin Hypercube Design (LHD-DoE) approach to obtain the optimal gas production and to build the proxy models. Two successive sets of experiments (running cycles) were designed by mixing the levels of these operational parameters using the LHD-DoE.
 The optimization approach significantly increased the cumulative gas production about 1.3734E9 SCF in the 1st running cycle and 3.6583E9 in the 2nd running cycle over the base case of default parameter setting. The 2nd running cycles (640 runs) were successively implemented after refining the range of each parameter based on the outcome of the first running cycle (550 runs). After that, two proxy models were constructed to obtain a simplified reduced-physics metamodel alternative to the complex (full-physics) reservoir simulator: 2nd degree polynomial equation and RBF Neural Network. The two proxy approaches led to accurate matching between the simulator- and proxy-based cumulative gas production. However, RBF-NN was more accurate prediction of cumulative gas production than the polynomial regression.
 Finally, Sobol sensitivity analysis was adopted to determine the most influencing hydraulic fracture parameters and well constraints that impact the shale gas production performance. Sobol analysis was adopted based on the RBF-NN and polynomial proxy models. In descending order, the most influencing parameters are the fracture half-length, layers up, layers down, and the minimum bottom hole pressure in the production well. The other HF had essentially negligible impact on the cumulative gas production performance. The fracture half-length was by far the most influential factor affecting the shale reservoir performance because this parameter is directly related to the total fracture area in which the gas produced.


1 Motivation System-wide properties such as reliability, availability, security, and responsiveness are realized by resource management policies. Current techniques for distributed programming merge application code and code implementing resource management policies, making it diicult to change one without impacting the other. Separate speciication of resource management policies allows dynamic modiication of the protocols needed to meet changing system conditions or requirements. In order to facilitate such separation, one needs composition mechanisms that allow customization of meta-level services, and their dynamic composition with applications. Diierent service speciications will require diierent protocols to be implemented for services such as placement, scheduling, replication, clock synchronization , migration etc. The ability to use component-based software requires that diierent service speciications are met without changing code for an application's components. This in turn requires that the components implementing the protocols that are used to satisfy service speciications do not interfere in ways that prevent each other from carrying out their actions. A two-level model of distributed computation, called TLAM, provides for the separation of application and system requirements. TLAM is the basis for developing a semantic framework that supports dynamic customizability 1


In this paper, we propose a computerized psychological test system for art therapy. The proposed system with the computerized devices can measure various information, such as colors, characters of lines, pen pressure, size of objects, position of objects, and so on, from the drawn pictures by the child. The measured information can be analyzed to extract more meaningful information about the child and to provide more effective remedial information for art therapy. Art therapy essentially has a potential drawback that the results of test can be influenced by therapist's subjectivity. The results can be different from the method of gathering information, the method of analysis, the interpretation of analyzed data, and even the therapist's academic backgrounds. Therefore, in this paper, we focus on what information needs to be measured and how to measure the data from drawn pictures and propose a computerized psychological test system for art therapy. The proposed system can measure and analyze various information from the drawn picture by the child. Since the proposed system can provide valuable psychological information of child in the form of quantitative data, it can be exploited as a new method for art therapy.


Although there are studies that have investigated the prevalence of dating violence among Taiwanese and U.S. college students, the mental health consequences of the victimization have not been investigated and compared between the two groups. The study explored the prevalence of mutual dating violence (MDV) and the relationship between victimization and mental health symptoms among Taiwanese and U.S. college student heterosexual couples (Taiwan=1019; U.S.=1049). Results were that U.S. participants reported significantly higher partner violence victimization and perpetration than Taiwanese participants. Additionally, strong support for MDV was found in both Taiwanese and U.S. participants. Finally, multivariate analyses found that MDV was significantly related to mental health symptoms among Taiwanese females and males but only for U.S. females. These findings reveal the high prevalence of MDV and suggest similar mental health consequences are similar among some Taiwanese and U.S. victims and therefore, appropriate assessments should be completed to both members of the couple.


The connections between population and globalization are pervasive and important. International labor migration provides a paradigmatic example of such connections, but the links between demography and globalization are broader and deeper than this example might suggest. The major components of demographic change fertility, mortality, and migration have been greatly influenced by global forces throughout history. In some instances, such as with the spread of the HIV/AIDS epidemic, globalization has abetted tragedy. In other instances, such as with the improvements of reproductive health services, immunization programs, and many other public health measures, globalization has facilitated rapid improvements in the human condition in both rich and poor countries. Conversely, the pace and nature of globalization have also been influenced by demographic change. Demographic divergence between the developing and the developed worlds has provided an important incentive for trade, foreign investment, and international capital flows. As populations age during the coming decades and as the demographic center of gravity shifts increasingly toward Asia and the developing world, these changes will continue to influence globalization. This special volume of Southeast Asian Studies addresses these and other issues. Most of the articles are drawn from the IUSSP Regional Population Conference, Southeast Asia's Population in a Changing Asian Context, held in Bangkok, Thailand, June , . The conference was a collaborative effort of the International Union for the Scientific Study of Population and the College of Population Studies, Chulalongkorn University. The first article, "Population and Globalization," by Sumner J. La Croix, Andrew


Even-aged loblolly pines in three crown classes chosen to represent varying levels of vigor were inoculated with the blue-stain fungus Ceratocystisminor to induce hypersensitive tissue formation. There were no differences in monoterpene composition of the induced tissue among crown classes growing on the same site. However, there were significant differences in percent composition of individual monoterpenes between trees growing on a poorer wet site and those growing on a better dry site. There were also quantitative and qualitative differences in monoterpene composition of preformed xylem resin compared with the monoterpenes extracted from the hypersensitive tissue. The differences in composition between the preformed resin and resin found in the hypersensitive tissue may reflect, in part, the energy requirements for initiation of the inducible system.


Rice straw (RS) is among the agricultural waste products with the highest methane production potential in the world, but the refractory complex structure and high carbon-to-nitrogen ratio of RS cause low methane conversion efficiency and limit its widespread application in anaerobic digestion. In this study, Solar/Fe (II)/persulfate (PS) pretreatment of RS was investigated to improve microbial accessibility, and anaerobic co-digestion combined pretreated RS and swine wastewater (SW) were evaluated to improve the efficiency of anaerobic digestion. The results showed that the Solar/Fe (II)/PS pretreatment could disrupt the structure of RS and promote the reduction of sugar content, increasing microbial accessibility to RS. When all the components of the pretreated RS (including the use of the solution remaining from the pretreatment) were anaerobically co-digested with SW, the cumulative biogas production and cumulative methane production reached 252.10 mL/g·VS and 163.71 mL/g·VS, 19.18% and 36.97% higher than the anaerobic co-digestion of untreated RS and SW, respectively. The anaerobic co-digestion of the Solar/Fe (II)/PS-pretreated RS with SW is a promising approach to achieving the utilization of RS components and maximizing methane yields, providing a cost-effective and pollution-free method for the production of high-quality bioenergy from agricultural waste.


Instructional materials come in many shapes and sizes but they have one thing in common, the ability to support the students' learning. The prevailing purpose of this study is to seek the insights of the classroom teachers on the available instructional materials used in teaching Kindergarten in a certain public elementary school in Tacloban City Division and the participants will be selected through purposive sampling. This study is supported by the Meaningful Reception Learning Theory of David Ausubel which states that teachers or instructional designers can best arrange the conditions that facilitate learning for students. This study utilized the Husserlian phenomenological design using Colaizzi's descriptive phenomenological method of data analysis through semi-structured interviews. The result of this study could provide insights on the available instructional materials in a Kindergarten classroom and what other materials could be produced to aid in the teaching process.


In this review we describe patients examined in Lausanne in whom a diagnosis of multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) with conduction block (CB) was made, the basis of a discussion of the literature. Thirteen patients are described with their clinical features and the results of their laboratory and neuroimaging characteristics. There were 3 women and 10 men followed over a mean period of 7.3 years. Diagnosis was established after a mean period of 1.9 years. The location of the blocked nerve was predominantly observed in the upper limbs. Thirty per cent of the patients were considered as non-responders to treatment, including infusions of immunoglobulins (IVIg), cyclophosphamide or mycophenolate mofetil, and 70% of the patients were responders to IVIg infusions given repetitively. IVIg response was maintained during a mean period of time of 4.7 years in 8 patients. Only one patient is considered as cured following the associated treatment after 10 IVIg monthly courses associated with interferon alpha given subcutaneously over 16 months. The natural history of multifocal motor neuropathy is of a slowly progressive motor neuropathic process. Most patients have progression over many years, with treatment having persistent effects in the responders, but not curing the disease. The predilection for the upper limbs and in particular the handy muscles results in neurologic disability in the majority of the patients. Some patients are disabled by fatigue. The aetiology and pathogenesis of multifocal motor neuropathy remain unresolved, in part because the neuropathy runs an indolent course rarely justifying motor nerve biopsy and because there are no animal models of the disease. Nevertheless, it is widely believed that multifocal motor neuropathy is an autoimmune disorder. Recent excitability measurements of the nerves showed that there is axonal hyperpolarisation adjacent to sites with conduction block secondary to intraaxonal sodium accumulation. In conclusion, multifocal motor neuropathy is a disease that is slowly progressive but not benign, nerves showing conduction block develop axonal changes, and markers for this disease are needed. There are therefore open questions in this peripheral nerve disorder, the two most crucial being lack of real knowledge of the pathophysiological mechanisms of this peripheral nerve channelopathy and need of alternative treatments to IVIg infusions to cure this disease.


In this research, a simple experiment in the field of agriculture was studied, in terms of the effect of out-of-control noise as a result of several reasons, including the effect of environmental conditions on the observations of agricultural experiments, through the use of Discrete Wavelet transformation, specifically (The Coiflets transform of wavelength 1 to 2 and the Daubechies transform of wavelength 2 To 3) based on two levels of transform (J-4) and (J-5), and applying the hard threshold rules, soft and non-negative, and comparing the wavelet transformation methods using real data for an experiment with a size of 2 6 observations. The application was carried out through a program in the language of MATLAB. The researcher concluded that using the wavelet transform with the Suggested threshold reduced the noise of observations through the comparison criteria


This paper concerns how languages bundle an existential claim and>an ignorance inference in a nominal expression. I present a case study on epistemic indefinites (EIs) in Cantonese and show that Cantonese EIs have a different morphological makeup ( m +  zi  + WH 'not + know + WH'), when compared to other more discussed EIs. I suggest that the ignorance component associated with  mzi -WH is a conventional implicature and that  m-zi obtains an adnominal usage via grammaticalization. It denotes a choice function that comes with an ignorance component that is inherited from the predicative meaning of  m-zi .


Since Hubel and Wiesel's pioneering work on orientation selectivity in primary visual cortex (V1), the response properties of more than thirty visual areas within the primate brain have been studied. Some of these reports emphasize the hierarchical structure of the visual pathways. Within these


Objective: To establish a method for determination of aloe-emodin in rat plasma by solid-phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography(SPE-HPLC),and to study the pharmacokinetic characteristics with this method.Methods: Rats were ig administered with aloe-emodin at doses of 50 and 20 mg·kg-1.Blood samples were collected via tail vein at designed intervals.The plasma concentrations of aloe-emodin were assayed by SPE-HPLC method using internal standard.Methanol-water-acetic acid(70∶30∶0.1) was used as a mobile phase,the column temperature was controlled at 30 ℃,and the UV detection was at 254 nm.The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using the software of DAS 2.0.Results: In rat plasma,the assay was linear in the range from 0.016 to 19.53 μg·mL-1(r=0.998 1) with accuracy of 88.7%~94.6%.Detection limit(LOD) and quantification limit(LOQ) were 0.008 and 0.016 μg·mL-1,respectively.The RSDs of intra-and inter-day were less than 6%.The concentration-time curve of aloe-emodin was shown to fit two-compartment model,and aloe-emodin was widely distributed in the body.Conclusion: This method is accurate,precise and specific,and can be applied to determine the in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters of aloe-emodin in rats.


The history of classical philology in the USSR during the Great Patriotic War is not yet adequately covered in science. Despite domestic and material difficulties, breakdown of communication and lack of access to literature, the pursuit of science and the training of young people continued. This article reveals how the staff of the LSU Department of Classical Philology, which was evacuated to Saratov, adapted to wartime conditions in terms of scholarly organization and research (1942–1944) based on fragmentary archival data and personal sources. With a staff of five, headed by I. M. Tronsky, the department was able to teach Latin and Ancient Literature at the Faculty of History and Philology, as well as to train a small number of "classical" students using pre-revolutionary manuals that had survived in Saratov. The research work of the department's scholars ran counter to the general theme of the department: "Literature and War". The titles of the papers by I. M. Tronsky, J. M. Borovsky and G. A. Stratanovsky testify to the desire to continue, as far as the book fund allowed, the themes initiated before the war, or to develop the subjects of the reception of the ancient heritage. In the beginning of 1944, under the supervision of I. M. Tronski, T. N. Chikalina presented a traditional dissertation on the syntax of the "Laws of the Twelve Tables". The wish not to interrupt the genuinely scientific philological research and to be in the course of world science is also proved by the theme chosen for the department in 1944 — "Lucretius" — to commemorate the 2000th anniversary of the poet's death.


Second. the equalisation of power. As with the wealth issue, there is an 'ultimate solution', which is workers' control (p. 19H ). But the ultimate solution is something more than a 'limited reform' and lil:c the revolution must be seen as some way oll'. Braithwaitc's examples of limited policies for power redistribution arc illuminating. They include 'Wrappers in stores compare items and prices on saleschecks (sic) made out by salesclerks with the items to be wrapped'. and 'Shipping records are matched against billings to customers by employees in two different departments' (p. I 9H ) . Only the most outlandish class schema would see the crimes guarded against by such techniques as 'crimes of power' (Braithwaite's term), Indeed. when corporate crime is considered by the author. he can sec no realistic policy being effective and can only quote Drew's comments about the law catching little flies but not big bumblebees. Like many reformists. Braithwaite's policy projections are of heroic magnitude: boosting the wealth of the poor. greatly restricting the power of big business. But 'practical' reformers recognise that these are ultimatc goals to work for, not realistic policies for the present. When concrete policy is mentioned, cmasculation of capital is translated into wrappcrs checking on salesclerks, and the enrichment of workers emerges as manpower programmes for the unemployed, It is at this point that positivism gets in the way of socialism. The 'practical' problem. once more. is the working class. The 'practical' solution. once more. is a mixture of surveillance and welfarism.


In this paper,a novel video conference system for distance learning is proposed which uses SIP as the session control protocol and reliable compound multicast protocol(RCMP) as the multimedia transmission protocol.It is capable of transmitting 1080i HD of whole scene in the classroom and therefore it can reproduce all the teaching activities.The RCMP combines IP multicast with End System Multicast(ESM) and thus it solves the media server's overload problem caused by traditional C/S architecture.It recovers the lost video packets during network transmission by means of re-transmission and FEC code.As the result,it effectively improves the video quality when the network condition is not good.According to the experimental comparison with traditional video conference,HDVShow gets much higher quality videoaudio in large bandwidth network and it also has smoother videoaudio in low bandwidth environment as well.


Abstract A set of matrix equations based on the Sensitivity Theory is derived that allows the expression of the global control properties of a pathway as a function of its local properties (and vice versa) by a single matrix inversion. The matrix of the local properties is built up from: (1) the experimentally determined coefficients, (2) a link matrix (which corresponds to the moiety-conservation relationships) and (3) the matrix reflecting the structural properties of the pathway.


Situated in the Peace Palace in The Hague, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) remains little known. In its 50 years, only an average of about two cases have been heard annually by the Court. Many of these proceedings have concerned minor issues, such as border parcels and air incidents. Some cases have addressed important interests or essential legal questions. But rarely have decisive judgments put international relations into a new light. The Court faithfully reflects a chaotic and heterogeneous international society. This has created a kind of "settlement justice" that deals more in compromise than in conformity with the Rule of Law. In 1986, the Court did decisively condemn the U.S. for sponsoring "contra" attacks on Nicaragua. But more frequently, procedural or jurisdictional questions have impeded the Court, preventing it from making judgments that would more precisely define the legal foundations of competing claims in international relations.


Purpose. The results of theoretical and practical research on the development of a conceptual approach to the for-mation of reports on the results of integrated post-project environmental monitoring are presented. Post-project monitor-ing is part of the process of assessing the environmental impact of technogenic objects. Methodology. The scientific component of the analysis of the results of the complex of field observations is provided by the use of methods of com-parative analysis, as well as verification of the results of chemical and physico-chemical quantitative analysis using biomonitoring methods. Originality. The complexity of the conducted monitoring researches is offered to provide inte-gration of various methods of supervision over a condition of the basic components of environment on which probable negative influence can be carried out. An integrated approach allows you to identify priority impacts and provide rec-ommendations on this basis. Taking into account the above recommendations will help increase the level of environ-mental safety in the production process. Practical value. An example of practical implementation of post-project inte-grated environmental monitoring based on the results of the evaluation of the PJSC "Kremenchug River Port" is given. The company continues to develop the Kryachynivsky deposit of construction sands. According to the results of generalization of materials of field observations and control, it is concluded that the planned activities as a result of its practical implementation does not lead to excessive man-made load on environmental components (air, surface water, bottom soils) in the area. The main recommendation for reducing the anthropogenic load in the process of work is the object's compliance with the requirements set out in the environmental impact assessment report. At the same time, taking into account the results of comprehensive scientific monitoring, more specific proposals were provided: 1) strict compliance with technological regulations to prevent oil-containing substances from entering the watercourse; 2) PJSC "Kremenchug River Port" must develop and comply with restrictions on activities during periods of adverse weather conditions. References 10, tables 3, figures 4.


At the 2020 Summer Games in Tokyo and again at the 2022 Winter Games in Beijing, Russian athletes taking home Olympic gold heard Tchaikovsky's Piano Concerto No. 1 in B-Flat Minor, Op. 23 in place of their national anthem. The prohibition of Russia's anthem, along with the nation's flag and other state symbols at international sporting events, was the result of an investigation into Russia's state-run doping program. Although this restriction was heavily debated on social media outlets during the Games, the choice of Tchaikovsky's beloved concerto was widely accepted as a symbol of the Russian state. The "Russianness" of Tchaikovsky's concerto, however, is capacious and complex. In this article, I examine the Russian state's appropriation of Tchaikovsky's concerto not only as a nationalist musical motif, but as an irredentist anthem reflecting President Vladimir Putin's intention to restore Russia's "historic frontiers." In addition to analyzing how the work was deployed before, during, and after the 2020 and 2022 Games, the article explores the composition's appearance in contemporary Russian internet culture, including in a popular mashup of the concerto with Queen's anthem "We Will Rock You." Arguing that these examples offer musical evidence for the political rhetoric that insists Ukraine is rightfully a part of Russia, this article illustrates the ways that musical nationalism has proven malleable and been (mis)used in the Russo-Ukrainian War.


The adsorption of Pb and Cd by the soils sampled from the sod layer in Xianghai wetland was investigated. The experimental results show that the adsorption of Pb and Cd by sod layer soils could be described using Langmuir and Fruendlich isotherms with the correlation coefficient significant at the confidence level of p=0.01(n=8), and the adsorption interference existed between Cd and Pb by the sod layer soil. The maximum adsorption amout of Pb is about 3 times greater than that of Cd. The maximum adsorption amout of Pb and Cd increases with increasing in the contents of TOC, and Fe, Mn oxides in the soils, which implies that the soil characteristics, such as TOC, and Fe, Mn oxides in the soils, are the important internal factors influencing adsorption of Pb and Cd by wetland soils, and pH is one of the external parameters influencing adsorption of Pb and Cd to sod layer soils.


I. INTRODUCTIONImagine that you are a twenty-five-year-old male or female, educated, newly married, and hoping to start a family soon. The only problem with this happy scenario is that one of your parents has Huntington's Disease, and you know that you have a fifty percent chance of inheriting this terminal, neurological disorder.1 You currently exhibit no signs of the disease but have watched it strike your otherwise healthy parent at the young age of forty. The only way to detect me disease is through genetic testing, but you fear the results of me test may hinder your chances of qualifying for good insurance or successful employment. If you do not get tested, however, you will have no way of knowing whether you are passing the deadly gene onto your children.Many people at risk of inheriting presymptomatic genetic disorders face this moral, ethical, and legal dilemma every day.2 Currently, the protections afforded to people in these situations in regard to employment and insurance vary from state to state, as there is no uniform federal legislation to protect people with genetic disorders from discrimination.3 There may be a solution in the near future: Congress currently has the opportunity to pass the Genetic Information and Nondiscrimination Act of 2005.4 This legislation would provide comprehensive and uniform protection against discrimination in insurance and employment for those suffering from genetic disorders.5This Note examines current state and federal laws that attempt to protect people with genetic disorders and the inadequacies of those laws. Part II provides background information on current state and federal antidiscrimination laws, including different state laws; the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA);6 the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA);7 and an Executive Order.8 While the current laws are a good start, none of them explicitly provide protection to those suffering from genetic disorders. Additionally, there is little case law challenging the validity of the existing laws and how they relate to those with genetic disorders. Part II of this Note also analyzes various presymptomatic genetic disorders, including Huntington's Disease and the discrimination people with the various diseases face.Part III of this Note examines the Genetic Information and Nondiscrimination Act of 2005 and the protections it would afford those with genetic disorders in the insurance and employment industries. This Part also considers opposing arguments to me passage of the Act as well as important public policy concerns. Part III concludes that federal legislation is necessary to fill in me holes that other antidiscrimination laws leave open. Current state laws, the ADA,9 and HIPAA10 do not provide comprehensive protection against discrimination for those suffering from genetic disorders. This Note specifically argues that due to the lack of comprehensive and uniform protection against genetic discrimination, Congress should pass the Genetic Information and Nondiscrimination Act of 2005 to ensure protection in insurance and employment for those suffering from genetic disorders and for their families.II. BACKGROUNDCurrently, a handful of state and federal laws attempt to protect those suffering from genetic disorders from discrimination in insurance coverage and employment.11 This Part first examines current state laws relating to genetic disorders and discrimination. It next discusses current federal legislation, including the ADA,12 HIPAA,13 and an Executive Order,14 and their inadequacy in addressing genetic disorders. Finally, this Part concludes with an overview of various presymptomatic genetic disorders and me discrimination people with those disorders may face.A. Current State Genetic Antidiscrimination LawsNearly every state has laws prohibiting genetic discrimination,15 but many of those laws are not comprehensive.16 State laws differ in the amount and type of coverage they provide, me protections they afford, and me enforcement mechanisms in place for those claiming discrimination. …


Early rheumatoid arthritis (ERA) can be defined as the initial phase of the disease and can be considered as a "window of therapeutic opportunity". It is essential to evaluate the quality of life in addition to the disability levels of these patients to better understand the evolution of the disease. Several instruments have been proposed to assess the quality of life of RA patients that involve detecting changes in health conditions over time as well as evaluating the prognosis, the risks and the benefits of a particular therapeutic intervention method. Generic instruments, such as the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Form Health Survey (SF-36), have been developed to reflect the impact of a disease in a wide variety of populations by evaluating the function, levels of disability and the degrees of physical and mental discomfort. Instruments designed for arthritis, such as the Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), are used to obtain more specific information concerning the impact of this disease on the global evaluation of patients. Because there are few studies regarding instruments for assessing the quality of life in early RA, very little is known about the effect of generic instruments, such as the SF-36, on patients with ERA.


Challenges which the European WBP industry is facing, main research fields in the WBP sector, theWBP strategy, and experiences in the European WBP industry are briefly introduced.


The present invention is a vector comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding human choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) is transformed, human neural stem cells that express ChAT enzyme, for treating Alzheimer's disease pharmaceutical composition comprising the same, and learning ability or it relates to cognitive impairment improving compositions such as storage capacity. Genetically modified human neural stem cells to express human ChAT, when implanted into the brains of Alzheimer's disease animal models, differentiate into normal neurons to integrate successfully into the host brain tissues, ChAT the by stably expressing restored the concentration of acetylcholine was reduced to normal levels. Moreover, cognitive function was improved cognitive function of damaged Alzheimer's disease animal models. Therefore, ChAT expression human neural stem cells of the present invention can be developed as a drug for application to improve cognitive disorders such as learning or memory capability of the treatment and the disease of Alzheimer's disease. .The


Daily use objects form someone's self-image as it mark the appearance of identify, life style and character of a person. Therefore, owned and used objects hold a role of persuasion tool. This well-aware knowledge is deliberately used in political campaign such as posters, baliho, and banners which present image of a political candidate. The appeal of blazer, shirts, eyeglasses, moslem hijab and cap, serves as means to develop self-image and character, especially when it is amplify competent image of an intellectual that hold leadership, and honesty. Using semanic differential method, the research analyze varieties of type, forms/shapes, and physical measurement of eyeglasses; in order to understand perceptual varieties of self-image that openly appear in public


The fundamental problem of geostatistical processing is determination of the closeness or difference in behavior of variability in different object scales. The published materials during the last ten years demonstrate that the behavior of variability in different dimensional space scales is similar. In mathematicalstatistical aspect this convergence is defined as fractal formalism or fractal statistics. In order to determine fractal nature it is possible to use variogram property. According to Mandelbrot (B. Mandelbrot, 1982), who has introduced fractal statistics in scientific studies, fractal estimation or Hausdorff measure, it is apart its way of deriving from variogram, has local nature. Natural is a problem, what is by a way of deriving of a global estimation of variability. Whether is the possible share dependence between two types of estimations? Hurst, (1957) has experimentally established that the dependence between the maximal range of a given dataset from a given experimental population of a time series, and the standard deviation has constant value. This fundamental result evolved with the concept that the subpopulation, obtained from the times series, the so called Hurst's constants (H), can show the correlation length of the process, which if with major length of dependence, available dependences of a type: Long Range Dependence - LRD and if short length of dependence - Short Range Dependence - SRD. The range of values


To improve the modeling resilience of silicon strong physical unclonable functions (PUFs), in particular, the APUFs that yield a very large number of challenge-response pairs (CRPs), a number of composited APUF variants, such as XOR-APUF, interpose-PUF (iPUF), feed-forward APUF (FF-APUF), and OAX-APUF, have been devised. When examining their security in terms of modeling resilience, utilizing multiple information sources, such as power side channel information (SCI) or/and reliability SCI, given a challenge is under-explored, which poses a challenge to their supposed modeling resilience in practice. Building upon multilabel/head deep learning (DL) model architecture, this work proposes multilabel multiside-channel-information-enabled DL attacks (MLMSAs) to thoroughly evaluate the modeling resilience of aforementioned APUF variants. Despite its simplicity, MLMSA can successfully break large-scaled APUF variants, which has not previously been achieved. More precisely, the MLMSA breaks 128-stage 30-XOR-APUF, (9, 9)- and (2, 18)-iPUFs, and $(2,2,30)$ -OAX-APUF when CRPs, power SCI, and reliability SCI are concurrently used. It breaks 128-stage 12-XOR-APUF and $(2,2,9)$ -OAX-APUF even when only the easy-to-obtain reliability SCI and CRPs are exploited. The 128-stage six-loop FF-APUF and one-loop 20-XOR-FF-APUF can be broken by simultaneously using reliability SCI and CRPs. All these attacks are normally completed within an hour with a standard personal computer. Therefore, MLMSA is a useful technique for evaluating other existing or any emerging strong PUF designs.


We investigate stationary gas flows in a fixed, rotating barred potential. The gas is assumed to be isothermal with an effective sound speed c_s, and the equations of motion are solved with smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH). Since the thermal energy in cloud random motions is negligible compared to the orbital kinetic energy, no dependence of the flow on c_s is expected. However, this is not the case when shocks are involved.
For low values of c_s an open, off-axis shock flow forms that is characteristic for potentials with an inner Lindblad resonance (ILR). Through this shock the gas streams inwards from x_1 to x_2-orbits. At high sound speeds the gas arranges itself in a different, on-axis shock flow pattern. In this case, there is no gas on x_2-orbits, demonstrating that the gas can behave as if there were no ILR. The critical effective sound speed dividing the two regimes is in the range of values observed in the Milky Way.
We give a heuristic explanation for this effect. A possible consequence is that star formation may change the structure of the flow by which it was initiated. Low-mass galaxies should predominantly be in the on-axis regime.
A brief comparison of our SPH results with those from a grid-based hydrodynamic code is also given.


With the economic globalization and the entry into WTO of our country,the fields of education and social life have changed dramatically.If the moral education in college wants to be carried on well at the complicated changeable environment,we must play more attention to the enviroment of moral education,especially the impact of cociety education on the colledge students' political ideology.Besides,we must explore the resources of social moral education and fully give play to the function if moral education in society education.


Let be a finite group. Write| | = , where is a prime number and ( ) = 1, and letQ = Q( 2π / ), the field generated by2π / over the fieldQ of rationals. Recall that an ordinary character χ of is said to be -rational ifχ( ) ∈ Q , for every ∈ . Now, let φ be an irreducible 2-Brauer character of and denote by (resp. ), the number of ordinary (resp. 2-rational) irreducible char actersξ of such that the restrictionξ 2′ of ξ to the subset 2′ of 2′-elements of , is equal toφ. Let be a simple -module affordingφ, where is an algebraically closed field of characteristic 2, and let be a vertex of . If is cyclic and | | > 1, the module belongs to a 2-block of having as a defect group (see Theorem VII.15.1 in [2]). By the theory f blocks with cyclic defect groups (see, for instance, Theorem 68.1 in [1]), we ha ve = | |. More generally, assume now that has a normal subgroup such tha t * and that the quotient group / is cyclic. Then, in case is solvable, the main result of this paper (Theorem 1) asserts that ≥ | / | and that ≥ 2. It is worth mentioning that the statement concerning above i s really an exclusive feature of the prime 2. In fact, it has been shown by I.M. Is aac that ifφ is an irreducible -Brauer character of a -solvable group , where i s odd, then there exists a unique irreducible -rational character θ of such thatθ ′ = φ (see Theorem X.2.3 in [2]).


In this study, we evaluated the effect of time (days of mycelial growth) and different doses of potassium bicarbonate (KHCO3) on mycelial growth of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Rhizoctonia solani by multi regression analysis. All equations produced for mycelial growth of S. sclerotiorum and R. solani were derived as affected by doses and times. As a result of ANOVA and multi-regression analysis, it was found that there was close relationship between actual and predicted mycelial growth of S. sclerotiorum and R. solani. The produced prediction models in the present study are MGS = (a) − (b x dose) + (c x time), where MGS is mycelial growth of S. sclerotiorum and MGR = (a) + (b x dose) + (c x time), where MGR is mycelial growth of R. solani, a, b and c are coefficients. R2 values were 0.81 for S. sclerotiorum and 0.75 for R. solani, standard errors were found to be significant at the p < 0.001 significance level.


This paper reports our work on Chinese semantic role labeling, which takes advantage of hierarchical semantic knowledge from a common sense knowledge base named HowNet. On one hand, the words in lexical features such as predicate and head word are generalized with their hypernyms in HowNet. On the other hand, the hypernym-hyponym relation between sememes is used to capture the semantic similarity between verbs. Experiment results show that both of the two methods can help our system achieve significant improvements on semantic role classification precision with golden parses as the input, by alleviating the problem of data sparseness. Further experiment indicates that by using fully automatic parses as the input, the accuracy of Chinese semantic role labeling can be close to the English state of the art.


Luis Cardoso's recent novel, Where do cats go when they die? is part of a sequence of narratives that create a literary mosaic of special value for the panorama of Portuguese literature and, particularly, for East literature written in language Portuguese.This exercise aims to analyze the production of the Timorese author, basing the interpretation of the work in the native cultural codes and, also, in the articulation with the globality of the written universe created by Cardoso. In this sense, it is assumed as a key for structuring the analysis, a reflection around the continuity and rupture that this novel by Cardoso allows.


The transition from haze to fog is manifest by the occurrence of dissimilar optical phenomena which are a consequence of a change in the aerosol distribution of the scattering medium. Based on these effects, visibilities between 0.5 and 1 km are properly called mist. Visibilities in excess of 1 km are, generally, characteristic of haze; whereas, fog is limited to visibilities less than


Human body shadowing effects can considerably influence the channel characteristics of indoor radio communication systems. In this work, body-shadowing effects were measured for a line-of-sight (LOS) point-to-point 5.2 GHz link with up to 3 pedestrians moving within a 42 m/sup 2/ room. The results show that received power values are significantly dependent on whether or not the user's body obstructed the direct ray to the transmitter. Under obstructed conditions, the measured body shadowing effect was an attenuation of up to 10 dB. The first order statistics for the experimental scenarios tend to be Rice distributed with the K factor decreasing as the number of pedestrians present increased.


We consider the Cauchy problem for nonlinear abstract wave equations in a Hilbert space. Our main goal is to show that this problem has solutions with arbitrary positive initial energy that blow up in a finite time. The main theorem is proved by employing a result on growth of solutions of abstract nonlinear wave equation and the concavity method. A number of examples of nonlinear wave equations are given. A result on blow up of solutions with arbitrary positive initial energy to the initial boundary value problem for the wave equation under nonlinear boundary conditions is also obtained.


Eucalypts have been planted extensively in different parts of this country. For quicker evaluation of plantations for their industrial utilisation its specific gravity is often required. In the present paper specific gravity of different species of the Eucalyptus tested from 40 different localities has been reported and discussed.