The present invention relates to a braking system and the auxiliary reservoir accumulator system combination, the inertia of the electric bus during running of potential energy of the control system can be stored in a hydraulic accumulator bladder, when the vehicle needs when starting the hydraulic energy into mechanical energy to drive the vehicle forward, driven by the electrical energy up to speed before the vehicle normal driving, the driving motor of the original electric vehicle does not work when using hydraulic energy started, so there is no consumption of electric energy, to achieve the energy saving purpose. In the present invention, the bladder-type accumulator vehicle under no pressure, the energy storage system to start the auxiliary bus, instead of starting the motor power bus, the power consumption since the auxiliary reservoir is much smaller than the power to start the vehicle with electric energy consumption , so in this case be energy efficient, when the vehicle enters the uniform speed, reduce the energy consumption, so the battery capacity and the rated motor power of the hybrid bus Electrohydraulic dual energy storage system can be reduced by 1/3.


Differences in Self‐rated Health by Employment Contract and Household Structure among Japanese Employees: A Nationwide Cross‐Sectional Study: Yuko KACHI, et al. Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Nippon Medical School—


Two BINOL-based trifluoromethyl aryl ketones 3 and 4 show greatly enhanced fluorescence at 375 nm accompanied by a decrease at 500 nm when treated with aliphatic 1,2-diamines, especially ethylenediamine, in organic solvents. Under the same conditions, other monoamines and diamines caused much smaller or no fluorescence response. Thus, both 3 and 4 can be used as highly selective ratiometric fluorescence sensors for ethylenediamine. Compound 3, the BINOL hydroxyl groups of which are protected, exhibits greater fluorescence enhancement than the corresponding unprotected compound 4. UV and NMR spectroscopic studies have been conducted to probe the mechanism of the sensor–substrate reaction.


Aromatic l‐amino acid decarboxylases (AADCs) catalyze the release of CO2 from proteinogenic and non‐proteinogenic l‐amino acid substrates and are involved in pathways that biosynthesize neurotransmitters or bioactive natural products. In contrast to AADCs from animals and plants, fungal AADCs have received very little attention. Here, we report on the in vitro characterization of heterologously produced Ceriporiopsis subvermispora AADC, now referred to as CsTDC, which is the first characterized basidiomycete AADC. This study identified the enzyme as a decarboxylase that is strictly specific for l‐tryptophan and 5‐hydroxy‐l‐tryptophan. The tdc gene was subjected to saturation mutagenesis so as to vary the key active site residue, Gly351. Aliphatic amino acid residues, l‐serine, or l‐threonine at position 351 added l‐tyrosine and 3,4‐dihydroxy‐l‐phenylalanine (l‐DOPA) decarboxylase activity while retaining stereospecificity and l‐tryptophan decarboxylase activity.


Autobiiography is different from theusual English course. Two classes each week are devoted to reading and discussing autobiographies as sources of thematic, stylistic, and organizational approaches for students' writing. After every reading assignment, students write an entry in their reading journals from which, frequently, I run the class. The other two classes require students to write one autobiographical piece each week and revise another. This type of writing requires imagination, figurative language, imagery, detailing, rather than analysis of text. It also requires self-awareness and courage to expose oneself to classmates. Additionally, students write a term paper, a story of 2,000 words.


The article presents the stages of designing an educational and laboratory installation for testing the steering of a car with a rack-and-pinion mechanism and an electric amplifier. The created installation has small mass-dimensional dimensions (desktop), low cost and allows students of transport directions to study the device and the processes occurring in them with the use of full-scale units and steering drives. The methodology of laboratory work using the manufactured stand is given.

Keywords
car steering, electric power steering, educational and laboratory installation


Abstract:  The objective of the paper is to provide an overview of the mechanical effects, which determine the occurrence and severity of localised bending effects in sandwich structures, and to provide a survey of the available structural sandwich models, with special emphasis on their ability to describe local bending effects. The presentation includes a brief survey of the various structural models, including classical, 'first‐order shear', 'high‐order' and continuum mechanics‐based models. Moreover, the paper focuses on and addresses the experimental characterisation and assessment of local effects in sandwich structures based on realistic engineering practice, examples including sandwich panels with core materials of different stiffness (core junctions), sandwich plates with inserts and junctions between sandwich panels of different curvature. The issues of general load response (global and local) as well as failure and fatigue of such sandwich structures subjected to out‐of‐plane and in‐plane loads are discussed in some detail, with the inclusion of recent theoretical and experimental results.


The care received by nursing home residents with diabetes does not meet ADA standards for ambulatory adults, this study finds. Nor should it. The frail elderly need new standards that address their particular needs.


The obstacles in intellectual function and the inability to apply the adaptive behavior during development age may cause learning capacity problem even though their selfpotential should be developed, especially in basic skill. Based on that situation, it is important to provide children with low mental retardation level with self-learning skills, especially daily routine skills, to make them independent in their life. However, with the limitation they have, the learning process should be given step by step so that it is easily understood by students. The aim of this research is to formulate an agricultural learning program with a task analysis approach to study tomato cultivation using a polybag medium. It was conducted with a qualitative approach with the Research and Development (R & D) method. The subjects of the first stage in this research were the Principal, one life skills teacher, three students with low mental retardation level. Additionally, the subjects of the second stage were 2 life skills teachers, three students with low mental retardation level. To obtain the research data, it was conducted through observation and interviews with the parties involved.The results of the study showed that the implementation of the program provides benefits and convenience for students with low mental retardation level in planting tomatoes in polybag media. As a program user, teachers are easier to convey the content of learning, to plan, to implement and to evaluate the success of the


Four test proposals for the test system of EV driving motor and its controller are contrasted and analyzed. The advantages and disadvantages of each test proposal are summarized to provide reference to enterprise to build its own test system.


A front end of 8mm polarimetric microwave radiometer is presented in this paper. Simulations and measurements have shown that it has a good performance. The actual measured results show that it has an impedance bandwidth of VSWR<;1.25 over 35GHz-39GHz, within which the two ports isolation is lower than -39dB, the gain of it is larger than 21.6dBi and the sidelobe level is less than -20dB. For the advantages mentioned above, it could be used in measuring the sea surface wind vector. As an important aspect, the methods to design ortho-mode transducer (OMT) and multimode horn (MMH) are discussed in this paper.


The hybrid AC/DC power systems, consisting of a large number of voltage-source converters (VSCs), have complex physical and control dynamic interactions. To study these interactions, impedance modelling considering the diversity of control schemes is not yet well solved. This article proposes a modular three-port impedance modelling framework for inter-linking voltage-source converters, including the grid following VSC and the grid forming VSC. To reduce repetitive work in modelling, the master feedback controllers are subdivided into multiple submodules and the submodule connection method is proposed. Then, the stability criterion based on the three-port impedance is discussed. Compared with the current impedance modelling method, this method can quickly build the impedance model of the VSCs with different control schemes and is suitable for large hybrid AC/DC power systems. Simulation tests of a grid-connected interlinking converter system validate the effectiveness of the modular three-port impedance modelling method for stability analysis.


By using solid phase microextraction( SPME) fiber coated with single-walled carbon nanotubes,an analytical method based on derivatization-SPME-GC-ECD method was established for the determination of 5 phenoxy-acid herbicides in water. The extraction parameters of the method were optimized,and the chemical stability of the SWCNTs fiber was investigated. The results showed that due to the inert nature of graphite,the SWCNTs fiber could be used at pH as low as 1 and the extraction efficiency of the fiber would not decline significantly after 160 extractions,showing excellent chemical stability. The linear range of the established method was 0. 5-50. 0 μg / L for Dicamba,( ±)-2-( 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy) propionic acid( 2,4,5-TP)and trichlorophenoxy acetic acie( 2,4,5-T),1. 0-100. 0 μg / L for 2,4-dichloraphenoxy acetic acid( 2,4-D),and 5. 0-500. 0 μg / L for 4-( 2,4-dichlorophenoxy) bytyric acid( 2,4-DB). The LODs and LOQs were0. 03-0. 25 μg / L and 0. 08-0. 84 μg / L,respectively.


Infected prosthetic joints sometimes can be treated with surgical debridement alone, without removing and replacing hardware. However, many uncertainties persist about whether this strategy will be successful, especially when the culprit is Staphylococcus aureus .

Spanish investigators assembled the largest retrospective series to date of prosthetic joints infected with S. aureus and treated …


The present invention relates to the use of recombinant chimeric Mononegavirales vector containing a foreign gene. More particularly, the present invention is a dog, the use of such vectors for the treatment of respiratory diseases in cats or horses. One embodiment of the present invention, a dog against influenza, in the protection or treatment of equine or feline, the use of recombinant Newcastle disease virus vector comprising a hemagglutinin from H3N8 influenza.


Introduction:
 Endobronchial valve (EBV) placement is one technique to attain bronchoscopic lung volume reduction (BLVR). This procedure has shown clinical benefits in terms of lung function, symptoms, and quality of life. A few complications have been reported including pneumothorax, dislocation or migration of the valve, hemoptysis, COPD exacerbation, and pneumonia. However, supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) was not seen as a potential complication within 45 days of the procedure.

 Hypothesis:
 SVT is a complication of EBV placement to attain BLVR.

 Methods:
 We conducted a retrospective chart review of consecutive patients who underwent EBV placement between January 2018 and December 2021. Patients who developed SVT were compared to patient who did not get SVT.

 Results:
 A total of 94 cases were identified. The incidence of SVT was 18 (19.15%) cases post EBV placement. The patients who developed SVT were older (median [IQR]: 74 [69-76], 72.2% males and all were whites (100%). The time to develop SVT ranged between 2.5 hours and 118 hours with median 40.5 hours. 13 (72.2%, P= 0.007) of patients who developed SVT had an electrolyte imbalance post EBV placement. Electrolyte imbalance was an independent factor for predicting SVT on multiple regression after controlling for age, BMI, gender, and location of valve placement (adjusted OR, [CI 95%] 4.64, [1.41 - 15.29], P = 0.012). Placement of EBV in the lingula and left upper lobe (LUL) have higher incidence of SVT (5 (27.8%, P = 0.049) and 12 (66.7%, P = 0.071), respectively). Table 1 and Table 2 further summarizes the result from the study.

 Conclusion:
 Given the results, SVT can be recognized as a potential complication of BLVR. Additional caution must be paid to patients who have EBV placed in the LUL and patients with electrolyte imbalance post procedure. Electrolyte imbalance post procedure was the only statistically significant independent predicting factor for SVT. A larger study is needed to determine the level of association.


A common problem of the virtualized cloud radio access network architecture (C-RAN) is the compression of the time-domain IQ samples before transmission over the fronthaul link. Considering a multicarrier waveform such as OFDM, whose IQ samples follow a quasi-Gaussian distribution, the conventional Gaussian quantizer may be used as the optimal solution to the compression problem. However, since the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of OFDM signals remains a serious problem, various techniques may be employed to reduce the time-domain fluctuations of the IQ samples in the OFDM, resulting in a change in its distribution. The latter fact makes the Gaussian quantizer suboptimal. The literature lacks a performance analysis of the conventional OFDM-based compression techniques when the PAPR of the OFDM signal is reduced. Therefore, in this paper, we study for the first time the impact of reducing the PAPR of the OFDM signal before compression in the C-RAN architecture through rate-distortion analysis. We consider clipping and tone reservation PAPR reduction algorithms. The former is the simplest PAPR reduction approach, while the latter is one of the most effective algorithms used in broadcasting standards such as DVB-T2 and ATSC 3.0. We first derive the distribution of the PAPR-reduced OFDM IQ samples. This is used to optimize the thresholds and codebook levels of a non-uniform scalar quantizer and the number of quantization bits allocated for each quantized level in the entropy coding stage, along with the MER performance analysis. The simulation results show that the conventional Gaussian-based compression techniques applied to a PAPR-reduced signal is not very robust to the statistical changes in the signal unless the signal distribution at the input of the Gaussian quantizer is not significantly affected. However, a significant gain is obtained when the quantizer is optimized with respect to the true distribution of the PAPR-reduced IQ samples.


Measurements were made of the radiating gas cap of a blunt body in an NASA Ames 20 MW arcjet wind tunnel. The test gas was air. Spectra of the flux incident on a small aperture centered at the stagnation region were obtained. A helium-cooled MgF window transmitted flux into an evacuated collimating system that focused the aperture onto the entrance slit of a spectrometer. Data were obtained with films and by photomultipliers. The range covered was 120 nm to 1000 nm and the resolution was 0.05 nm to 0.5 nm. This paper presents preliminary results from the experiment. Representative spectral records from 200 nm to 1000 nm are shown. The spectra show the atomic lines from oxygen and nitrogen in the IR, as well as the molecular systems of NO, N2, N2(+), and CN. Copper, as a contaminant, and carbon are tentatively identified.


Creation stories are at the heart of every movement. American environmentalism is no exception to the rule. The wilderness cause began with John Muir's quixotic fight to save the Hetch Hetchy Valley from inundation, and future Americans may remember that Al Gore's slide show launched the crusade against global warming. Even those environmentalists who define themselves in opposition to the green mainstream have their tales, too. In 1982, residents of Warren County, North Carolina, a predominantly rural African American community, rose up against a proposed industrial landfill. Five years later, in 1987, the United Church of Christ's Commission for Racial Justice published Toxic Waste and Race in the United States, the nascent movement's foundational text, which gave the movement its name: environmental justice. Of course, creation stories are often simple stories. The business of historians is to complicate or overturn them. And this is what makes Kimberly Smith's thoughtful new book an important contribution to environmental history, if not American history in general. As she argues, black thinkers had long made the environment central in their politics and writings because "much of what they say about racial oppression makes sense only against a background of claims about humans' proper relationship to the natural world" (p. ix-x). But whites and blacks did not share the same nature. The saints in the conven-


The CAD technique is an important way for training students with professional competence in vocational school course teaching. This article presents a way of education with the carrier of enterprise project through the combination and classroom teaching, which realizes the project teaching. In the innovative practice of vocational technology of CAD, we train applied talents according to the combination of engineering and learning. The general plans of learning content of students were made by the design ideas, where it realizes four-zero-docking and five-in-one idea .And then, the skilled talents were emerged. Furthermore, they also adapt to modern enterprises. In this article, we use gear oil pump, a teaching carrier of enterprise project, as an educational case to imply the scientificalness and innovativeness of the presented teaching methods.


Aero-engine components exposed to high mechanical stresses are made of high-strength alloys and additionally, they are surface treated by shot peening. This process introduces compressive residual stress into the material making it less sensitive to stress corrosion cracking and fatigue and therefore benefits the components performance and lifetime. Moreover cold work is induced in an amount depending on the peening parameters. To approximate the remaining lifetime, a quantitative, non-destructive method for stress assessment is required. It was shown that surface treatment of such alloys can be characterized by broadband Rayleigh wave dispersion measurements. However, the relative contributions of residual stress and cold work, respectively, remained an open point. This paper presents the determination of third order elastic constants (TOEC) for IN718 and Ti6246, providing, together with a model for the inversion of dispersion data, a quantitative access to the acoustoelastic effect. Finally, some measurements of differently treated samples are given.


In my last editorial (See volume 2017, issue 2) I expressed my dissatisfaction with professional development activities that seem to focus more on entertaining participants than on supporting them to improve their own practice. In this journal, practitioner and researchers alike discuss various models and experiences with professional activities that aim to increase the, relative, autonomy of teachers (Jones, 2018) and to improve the practice in classrooms that contributes to the transformation of education (Kennedy, 2005). One such method that supports both autonomy and transformation is practitioner research. Increasingly over the last two decades, the results of practitioner research have not only improved practice, but have also given educators the opportunity to share their research in professional and academic journals. Following my commelnts, and those of some of my colleagues, about the professional development activities in my own institution, our responsible manager supported the introduction of a practitioner research programme. After wide deliberations it was decided to put in place a project that was named "Scholarly Activities" in which all team members participate. The "Scholarly Activities" are a form of "Inquiry as a Stance" (Cochran-Smith & Lyttle, 2009) and consist of a variety of activities such as reading research on a specific topic, doing practice-based research or writing a paper for a professional journal. Colleagues can choose their own theme, work individually or in groups and participate in one or more activities. Each individual or group develops their own plan and every two or three months the team meets to discuss progress. The aim of the project is first and foremost to improve our own work with university staff, but also to build a community of scholarly staff developers and to develop an identity of staff as practitioner researchers. Some team members (some more, some less) are sceptic about this project, which is fine with me; some are very happy as their (existing) practice-based research activities are now much more visible, while others are willing to give it try. All team members have undertaken activities and report new insights in the themes of their choice, reflect on their own practice. Above all, comments indicate that they enjoy learning from each other. This type of professional learning programme is not new and is becoming more common in schools and Teacher Education departments, but there is a sense of irony that universities (deemed to be bastions of learning) have been slow to do what we have been advising others to do for a number of years (as reflected in a number of articles published by this journal). The project seems to be going well; that is to say... as long as we remain in our assigned place in the world that is called "the university". Our institution belongs to the Department of Behaviour and Movement Sciences. As in many universities which bring together scholars from different research cultures, the dominant group of researchers believe that measurement is the key to knowledge. Most of them do not value practitioner research as "real research" and sometimes even openly show dismay of research such as self-study or action research and other forms of practitioner research. As one professor of a different university department said: "It is fine to do this kind of research as long as you have no pretentions." I understand his point, as academic researchers need to publish in high stake journals and receive a high score on Science Direct or at least Google Scholar to be able to receive funding, but this is not an aim all practitioner researchers will be able to reach or even want to reach. Contractually, some have a requirement to publish; others don't. However, academic values should not lead to the exclusion of important and useful research of practitioners. Practitioner research has pretentions that more positivist academic research may not be able to fulfil, such as the pretention to learn about our own work as teachers and advisors and the pretention to improve our work. It would


Systematic affinities and taxonomical rank of Asteropyrum in the Ranunculaceae have been controversial. It has been placed in Coptidoideae, Thalictroideae, Ranunculoideae (incl. Helleboroideae), or sometimes in its own tribe or subtribe. Recent molecular phylogenetic studies, however, supported the inclusion of Asteropyrum in its own tribe Asteropyreae (Ranunuculoideae) but its affinities remain unclear. In order to help resolve such an uncertainty, we used scanning electron microscopy to study the floral development of A. peltatum ssp. cavaleriei. Our results indicated that the petal, carpel and ovule development in Asteropyrum markedly differs from that in Coptis (Coptidoideae) and Dichocarpum (Thalictroideae), whereas the inclusion of Asteropyrum in Ranunculoideae is supported by several floral morphological and developmental characters. Together with vegetative, anatomical, and cytological data from earlier comparative studies, our study indicates that the monotypic tribe Asteropyreae should be maintained.


The purpose of this thesis is to analyze on effect of ethics education on the 7th curriculum of highschool. With the purpose on the ground, we discussed the general aim of ethics education in the 7th curriculum. In this study, in order to achieve the aim we make up a questionnaire which is the subject of highschool teacher. And we elucidate the characteristics of the four textbook in the ethics education, which are ``Moral`` ``Ethics and thought`` ``Traditional ethics`` ``Civil ethics``. The correlations between educational aim and context in the ethics textbook are not appropriateness, besides the applied methodology of ethics education is insufficient. In this study, we elucidate that the ethics education in the 7th curriculum contain many problems. We conclude that the keys of overcoming the problem are meaningful description of the ethics textbook and building the effective educational system including social support. Kyungpook National Univ.(Guam High School/Kyungpook National Univ.)


Work performance in quality and quantity achieved by an employee in carrying out his duties in accordance with the responsibilities assigned to him. This study aims to analyze the effect of workload, job satisfaction and work motivation on the performance of nurses in the inpatient installation of dr. Tadjuddin Chalid Hospital and Makassar City Hospital. This type of research is a quantitative study using an observational study with a cross sectional study design. The sample in this study were nurses in the inpatient installation of dr. Tadjuddin Chalid Hospital and Makassar City Hospital, totaling 170 respondents. The results showed that there was an effect of workload on the performance of nurses, there was an effect of job satisfaction on the performance of nurses, there was an effect of work motivation on the performance of nurses at dr. Tadjuddin Chalid and Makassar City Hospital. It is suggested to the hospital management that the need for improvement in nursing management, especially the division of duties and working hours of nurses to reduce the workload of nurses so as not to cause work stress that can impact on the performance of nurses, to further increase the work satisfaction of nurses by continuing to carry out fair rewards and punishments sytem, giving motivation, both material and non-material, for nurses who have good performance to be able to maintain their performance while still carrying out their duties based on the applicable rules. For nurses who have poor performance, they can improve their performance by paying more attention to work targets to be achieved for the advancement and image of the organization as well as the quality of services provided to patients.


The nonlinear Schrodinger equation ~NSE! is a model equation describing a variety of short-pulse propagation phe- nomena in optics @1,2#. The NSE with nonconservative terms added is usually called the complex Ginzburg-Landau equa- tion ~CGLE!. Particular areas of application of the CGLE are all-optical fiber transmission lines and passively mode- locked fiber and solid-state lasers. The NSE can be modified to include the influence of various physical phenomena on short-pulse generation and propagation. The behavior of ultra-short pulses changes under the influence of these terms. For example, third-order dispersion results in pulse asymme- try and radiation phenomena @2#. Fourth-order dispersion may result in solitons with oscillating tails @2#. Self- steepening causes the leading edge of a pulse to become more sharp @1#. There are various works on ''optical wave breaking'' as well. The inclusion of the Raman term results in a continuous downward shift in pulse frequency @3-6# .I n the time domain, this represents the fact that the glass ~opti- cal fiber! response to the imposed field is not instantaneous. This delay of a few femtoseconds ~fs! can affect propagation of fs signals. Gagnon and Belanger @7# showed that the exact form of the soliton self-frequency shift follows from a sym- metry analysis of the equation. Kink-type solutions for the NSE with Raman term present were discovered in @8#. In nonlinear optics, a kink is a shock wave which propagates undistorted in a dispersive nonlinear medium. Interestingly enough, when gain and loss terms are added to the NSE with the Raman term, the kink solution can still exist. In contrast to the NSE case, the front moves with a certain velocity which depends on the parameters of the equation. In the present work we consider moving front solutions for the modified Ginzburg-Landau equation. We have devel- oped a special technique to find the solution in analytic form which is based on energy and momentum balance equations @9#. In order to do this, we use the ansatz which follows from the point symmetry of the equation and use this ansatz in the energy and balance equations. Allowing for nonzero velocity generalizes this ansatz to cover the case of moving fronts. This technique allows us to find the coefficients of the solu- tion in terms of the equation coefficients. We consider here two examples which allow us to obtain the solution this way: the CGLE with the Raman term and the CGLE with quintic terms. Other cases can also be considered and exact solutions can be found.


Objective To explore the changes of plasma angiotensinⅡ (AngⅡ) and cardiac function,and the curative effect of children with acute viral myocarditis (VMC) treated with captopril(CAP).Methods Concentrations of plasma AngⅡ were measured with radio-immunity and cardiac function was detected by Doppler echocardiography for the VMC group (n=60) before and after treatment [the CAP group (n=30), the routine group (n=30) and the control group (n=30)].Results 1. The level of plasma AngⅡ significantly increased and the contractive and diastolic function obviously declined in children with acute VMC. There was a significant difference between VMC group and control group, with a significant correlation between the level of AngⅡand the contractive diastolic function.2. Compared with the level before treatment, the level of AngⅡ decreased and the contractive function obviously ameliorated in two groups; the diastolic function obviously ameliorated in the CAP group and did not ameliorate in the routine group after treatment. In CAP group the level of AngⅡ and the cardiac function significantly improved; there were statistical differences between the two groups after treatment.Conclusions 1.The increase of the plasma AngⅡ was an important factor for decrements of the contractive and diastolic function in acute viral myocarditis.2.It could decrease the concentration of plasma AngⅡ and ameliorate cardiac function in children with acute VMC treated with captopril,which was an effective therapy for acute VMC.


The study of the mechanics of solid-suspension flows is performed by a darkfield optical technique using micro-glass spheres as the suspension solid. The unique specular-reflection characteristic of the glass sphere is utilized for local measurements of the particle size, concentration, and velocity in the flow field. This technique permits one to obtain a more complete knowledge concerning the nature of suspended solid flows. A comprehensive description of both the instrumentation technique and the mechanics of low concentration solid-suspension flow is presented. The recent discovery of the existence of micro-hairpin vortices in the intermediate sublayer-flow may have an important relationship to the transport of solid particles. Figure 7 shows the incipient cavitation of a micro-hairpin vortex into a bubble with twin tails. The head of the hairpin vortex being less strained by the mean shearing flow field has developed into a cavitating bubble a few millimeters in diameter, while the legs are being subjected to a maximum strain rate at the instant the picture was taken. A side view of the tails indicates that they are at 45/sup 0/ with respect to the flow boundary. It is a very fast event which takes place in a fraction of a millisecond. Indeed,more » it could be the origin of the relatively weak and large vortices that are known to exist in the fully turbulent flow zone. 8 refs., 8 figs.« less


Our July 2011 issue focuses on risk perception, food-related risks, event likelihood, and consequences. Sammy Zahran et al. examined the impact of two major U.S. hurricanes on mental health. The authors estimated the increase of what they label "poor mental health days" and economic impacts, which not surprisingly most impacted disadvantaged populations. May Lynn Tan et al. studied fish consumption advisories in California in order to identify what works and does not work. They identified the use of portion sizes that departed from commonly consumed amounts, poorly understood terminology, misleading category headings, and ineffective visual tools. The authors offer practical suggestions for how to increase public understanding. Carmen Keller used an eye tracker apparatus and a risk ladder (low exposure levels and risks are on the bottom and high exposures and risks on the top) to measure how people viewed and understood risk information about smoking, a familiar risk, and radon, a less familiar one. With a sample of 68 individuals, the author examined responses to risk communication methods, observing that grounding the risk comparisons in a familiar risk like smoking helped respondents better understand the less familiar one. Henrik Andersson compared perception of personal auto-related risk of mortality with actual values. Underand overestimation were related to gender, age, education, and amount traveled. Wim Kellens et al. focused on flood risk perception on the Belgian coast. With a sample of over 600 residents, the authors found that perceptions were associated with actual flood risk, experience with floods, as well as respondent age and gender. Three papers are about food-related risks. Jukka Ranta et al. looked for sources of foodborne infectious disease outbreaks in Finland and Norway. Using campylobacteriosis as an illustration, they point to flaws in the data collection as hindering the development of predictive models, and indeed conclude that simple models are preferred to complicated ones that require data that are not available and have to be estimated. Isabelle Albert et al. used a variety of data sources to estimate the worldwide prevalence and probability of campylobacteriosis. We think you will find that their approach to partitioning and evaluating the data is interesting. Henrik Merkelsen interviewed risk management experts in Denmark in order to understand the role of risk information in food safety decisions. He observed that relationships among experts and their institutions drive what information is valued and communicated rather than the information itself. The last three articles are about likelihood estimates and consequences. Funded by the U.S. Department of Transportation, Samrat Chatterjee and Mark Abkowitz developed a regional terrorism risk analysis approach that is embedded within the context of other man-made and natural hazards and strongly influenced by the distribution of people and infrastructure. Their goal is to provide context for evaluating benefits of alternative investment strategies across multiple risks in a region, which in this case was the state of Tennessee. John Quigley and Matthew Revie point to the discomfort of estimating a risk likelihood of zero. They used minimax theory to develop alternative estimates, observing that they were able to approximate the results of the maximum likelihood estimate for nonzero data, as well as provide a nonzero estimate when there were no event data. The inoperability input-output model (IIM) allows economic analysts to assess the impact of disaster events in the most stressed economic sectors. Marco Percoco offers an extension of the approach that may make IIM even more useful.


Background : Considering the role of marital satisfaction and adjustment in family functioning, that can be influenced by specific diseases such as HIV / AIDS, this study was conducted to determine the effect of the Practical Intimate Relationship Skills Training (PAIRS) on marital satisfaction and adjustment and sexual function in women living with HIV (WLHA). Methods : In a randomized controlled trial 44 WLHA, referred to behavioral disease counseling clinic at Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, Iran, 2019, were randomly divided into intervention and control groups based on four randomized blocks. Eight sessions of educational counseling were provided once a week for both group. At the beginning, at the end and four weeks after the training the Enrich marital satisfaction questionnaire, Spinner marital adjustment and Rosen sexual function questionnaires were completed and analyzed with SPSS-21 software. Results : This study showed no significant difference between total score of marital satisfaction, marital adjustment and sexual function before the intervention. Rate of marital satisfaction (P = 0.003), marital adjustment (P = 0.03) and female sexual function (p <0.001) were significantly increased in the intervention group immediately and one month after the intervention. The results also indicated that 77.9% of the changes in post-test scores of marital satisfaction, 76% of marital adjustment and 94.9% of sexual function were related to the intervention effect, demonstrating a sustainable effect of educational intervention (< 0.001). Conclusion : PAIRS can improve marital satisfaction and adjustment, and sexual function in WLHA, and affect quality of family function. Trial registration : Keywords : Marital Satisfaction, Marital Adjustment, Sexual Function, Practical Application of Intimate Relationship Skills; PAIRS


Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] is an important grain legume that originated in the Indian sub-continent. It is now grown in many parts of the world including southern Africa particu‐ larly the region encompassing Kenya, Mozambique, Malawi and southern Tanzania (HoghJensen et al., 2007). This region is considered as a secondary centre of diversity for pigeonpea. The diversity associated with the pigeonpea germplasm from the region was documented widely (Songok et al., 2010; Mligo and Craufurd 2005; Silim et al., 2005).


Objective The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic value of lymph node involvement in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity.


Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of transversus abdominis muscle release (TAR) with retrorectus synthetic mesh reinforcement in a large series of complex hernia patients. Background: Posterior component separation via TAR during abdominal wall reconstruction (AWR) continues to gain popularity. Although our early experience with TAR has been promising, long-term outcomes have not been reported. Methods: From December 2006 to December 2014, consecutive patients undergoing open AWR utilizing TAR were identified in our prospectively maintained database and reviewed retrospectively. Main outcome measures included demographics, perioperative details, wound complications, and recurrences. Results: During the study period, 428 consecutive TAR procedures were analyzed. Mean age was 58, with mean body mass index 34.4 kg/m2 (range 20–65). Major comorbidities included diabetes (21%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (12%), and immunosuppression (3%). Mean hernia defect area was 606 cm2 (range 180–1280) and average mesh size was 1220 cm2 (range 600–4500). The majority of cases (66%) were clean, 26% were clean-contaminated, and 8% were contaminated. Eighty (18.7%) surgical-site events occurred, of which 39 (9.1%) were surgical-site infections. Three patients required mesh debridement; however, no instances of mesh explantation occurred. Of the 347 (81%) patients with at least 1-year follow-up (mean 31.5 mo), there were 13 (3.7%) recurrences. Conclusions: Complex AWR represents a formidable surgical challenge. In this large series, we demonstrated that posterior component separation via TAR with wide synthetic mesh sublay provides a very durable repair with low morbidity, even in comorbid patients with large defects. We strongly advocate TAR as a robust addition to the armamentarium of reconstructive surgeons.


This thread consists of essays by Dahlia Porter, David Collings, and Thomas Pfau that respectively examine three scientific disciplines: botany, the development of organic life, and population. Taken together, the essays in diverse ways address texts that manifest a concern with scientific method as an epistemology and textual strategy. In working out readings of Erasmus Darwin's Loves of the Plants, Malthus' Essay on Population, and Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit, the authors interrogate the relations and aporias between scientia and techne in the entire range of their accessions.


Objective: to give assessment of the effi cacy and safety of using asunaprevir in combination with daclatasvir in patients with chronic hepatitis C (HCV) with severe fi brosis and cirrhosis. Materials and methods: a prospective cohort clinical trial involved 50 patients with HCV (including 30 patients with compensated cirrhosis of the liver, class A in Child-Pugh), caused by genotype 1b. All patients received asunaprevir in a dose of 100 mg twice a day in combination with daclatasvir 60 mg once a day. Th e duration of the treatment course was 24 weeks. Th e effi cacy criterion was the undetectable level of HCV RNA 24 weeks aft er the end of antiviral therapy (SVR24). Results: at the end of the 4th week of treatment, aviremia was achieved in 92% of patients. Th e incidence of SVR24 in previously untreated patients was 90%, in the group of patients who did not respond to previous therapy with pegylated interferon-interferon with ribavirin- 86.9%. Conclusion: Th e combination of asunaprevir with daclatasvir is highly eff ective and provides a sustained virologic response in 86-90% of cases. A low incidence of adverse events (8%) demonstrates a favorable safety profi le of this treatment regimen.


The one-dimensional structure of carbon nanotubes makes them highly anisotropic, making them to possess unusual mechanical properties, and hence employed as promising nanofiller for the composite structures. However, various carbon nanotube properties are not completely utilized when they are used as reinforcement in composites due to inadequate and immature processing techniques. In the present work, an attempt has been made to utilize the strong anisotropic nature of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) for improving the fatigue life of nanocomposites only by considering a very low weight percentage (<0.5 wt%). The anisotropy of MWCNTs was imparted into the nanocomposites by aligning them in the epoxy matrix with DC electric field during composite curing. Nanocomposites were made for three MWCNT loadings (0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 wt%). The tensile fatigue behavior was investigated under stress control by applying cyclic sinusoidal load with the frequency range of 1–3 Hz and stress ratio, R = 0.1. The specimens were tested for the fatigue load until the failure or 1E+05 cycles. The fractured surfaces were examined through scanning electron microscope to analyze the fatigue fracture behavior. A small weight percentage of MWCNT loading (0.2 wt%) into the polymer composite has enhanced on an average 13% to 15% fatigue life, which is encouraging to develop the low cost, improved fatigue life composite structures. Also, the energy dissipation mechanism in MWCNT dispersed nanocomposites has shown a reduced crack propagation rate.


The most common and taught membrane theory assumes that the membrane behaves as a kind of electrical capacitance that is exposed to an electrical current generated by an ionic flow. If this statement is verifiable, it can be confirmed by the laws of physics, mathematics and in particular electricity. We will demonstrate that this hypothesis is not verified and that it is necessary to modify biophysics according to already established and experimentally verified principles of physics.


Background  The inter‐ and intra‐subject variations of scintigraphy, which are used to identify colonic transit disturbances in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), are unclear. The relationship between colonic transit and bowel functions is incompletely understood.


Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine the mediating effect of innovation on the relationship between managerial competencies and business performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Rwanda.

Design/methodology/approach
A cross-sectional survey and quantitative methodological approach were used to collect the data. The bootstrap method was used to test mediation effects.

Findings
The findings revealed that innovation is a significant mediator in the association between managerial competencies and business performance. This study, therefore, adds new knowledge by stating that innovation toward business performance is a partial mediator in the relationship between managerial competencies and business performance of SMEs in Rwanda.

Research limitations/implications
Only a single research methodological approach was used. Qualitative studies through interviews could be undertaken to triangulate. Furthermore, the findings from the present study are cross-sectional. Longitudinal studies ought to be undertaken to examine the mediation effects studied to investigate any possibility of variations in the results.

Practical implications
The results may help owners-managers of SMEs to develop policies and strategies that could enable them to take advantage of new opportunities in relation to updated technology and cope with changes that may take place in the business environment to boost their business performance level.

Originality/value
To the authors' knowledge, no research has ever been carried out on the mediating role of innovation in the relationship between managerial competencies and business performance of SMEs in Rwanda.


Aiming at the problems existed in the education of Construction Equipment Engineering,the author put forward the reform of teaching methods.It includes the arrangement of the teaching content and teaching period,as well as the combination of teaching and practice.


Performance parameters have been used for nearly a century to provide structural designers with simple, rational tools to evaluate competing architectures. Flexible blanket photovoltaic solar arrays of rectangular form are the focus here. Two parameters are created to relate mass of the compression column, photovoltaic blanket, and spreader bar to the loading and geometric quantities. The scaling parameter and scaling index are developed by minimizing array mass and cost through a constraint function and numerical analysis. The scaling parameter provides perspective into the effect of column architecture selection on array performance. The scaling index serves a slightly different purpose because it informs mission planners how the array requirements (acceleration loading, fundamental frequency, and array power) affect the array mass. The greatest opportunity for mass savings comes from reducing length, growing width, and reducing the quantity of beam-column supports. Reducing beam packaged volume has gre...


The problem of vector quantizer (VQ) design for practical applications can be divided into two phases: 1) to search a globally optimal codebook using a given set of training data; and 2) to make it adaptive to the new signals outside the set. The most widely used technique for VQ design is the generalized Lloyd algorithm (GLA), while the Kohonen learning algorithm (KLA) is a very promising alternative due to its inherently adaptive capability. However, both the GLA and KLA tend to get trapped into poor local optima due to their "greedy" nature in the search process. By incorporating the principle of stochastic relaxation into the KLA, we propose a stochastically competitive learning algorithm (SCLA), which will approach the global optimum regardless of the initial configuration due to its capability of "pulling" itself from local optima. Based on the SCLA, a coding scheme is then outlined in detail to design a codebook both globally optimal for a given set of training data and adaptive to new data outside the set.<<ETX>>


The polycrystalline aluminium substituted nanoparticle size copper cobalt ferrite samples CuxCo1-xFe2-2yAl2yO4 (where x= 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0; y = 0.05, 0.15 and 0.25) have been prepared by standard ceramic technique. The lattice constants of the phases are evaluated from x-ray diffraction data. The effects of Al 3+ on both AC and DC Electrical properties are studied. DC Electrical resistivity is found to increase with increase of aluminium and copper content. Activation energies in ferromagnetic region are found very less than that of paramagnetic region. The dielectric constant, complex permittivity and dielectric loss tangent (tanδ) measured at room temperature as a function of the frequency. The effect of Al 3+ ion substitution of copper cobalt ferrite on the AC electrical resistivity and dielectric properties in frequency range 20 Hz to 1MHz. were studied. The data revealed that and tanδ decreased as the Al 3+ ion increased, due to the increase in the number of vacancies at the iron site.


The analog electronic device (1) is adapted to perform a filtered time derivation of a noisy incident signal. The device comprises a plurality of analog filters (F1, F2, F3), as well as selection means (SEL) for selecting one of said filters as a function of the amplitude of the oscillations of the noise component of said incident signal.


Light assembly is described. The assembly includes a substrate. Or on the optical modulator in the substrate (100) has an output port coupled to the output waveguide mounted in or on the substrate (106). Leakage waveguide (107, 108) is mounted in or on the substrate. Leakage waveguide (107, 108), in order to collect the light that leaks from the output port or output waveguide (106), but is physically separated from the output waveguide (106) adjacent thereto input ( with a 109, 110). Modulator (106) may be a MZI modulator.


Triaxial Geo Grids were first founded in the year of 2007 so as to enable civil engineers to stabilize granular layers subjected to dynamic and static loads. Triaxial geogrid is having a 360° isotropic tensile properties, wherein on laying off the geogrid the aggregates interlock within a triangular slot, for which the efficient deep fibers of the triaxial geogrids assists in confining the aggregate particles. This, in turn, stabilizes the layer and enhances the performance of the subgrade resulting in pavement optimization. Prior to surfacing in the global market triaxial geogrids were under six years of development with a focus on improving the performance under trafficking of the granular layers in which they were included. This involved the use of full-scale testing facilities such as the Transport Research Laboratory (TRL) in the UK. This paper provides a general idea on the possibility to implement Triaxial Geogrids to form a mechanically stabilized layer (MSL) so as to save cost in term of material and construction effort especially in areas where the effective CBR of soil is found to be much below the permissible limit as per IRC specifications thereby extending the design life of the pavement structure. In addition, the proposed MSL would create a flexural stiff platform where the effects of the variable quality of support from the foundation soil can be smoothed out.


Tropical savannas are ecosystems characterized by a continuous herbaceous cover of he liophilous bunch grasses and sedges, almost exclusively with the C4 photosynthetic pathway, that show a clear seasonality related to water stress (Sarmiento 1984; Cole 1986; Frost et al. 1986). Woody species (shrubs, trees, and palms) occur in varying den sity depending on soil depth and water availability (Cole 1986; Medina and Silva 1990). Legumes are commonly found in savanna vegetation as herbaceous, shrubby and tree species, and particularly in South American savannas, they can reach high specific diver sity, although their biomass seldom surpasses 1 % of the total aboveground biomass of the grass layer (Medina and Bilbao 1991). In contrast to the relative homogeneity in form and function of the grass layer, the woody components vary in their phenology and structure between Africa, Australia, and South America. While in Africa most woody components are drought deciduous (with the exception of a few species in western African savannas), most shrub and tree species in Australia and South America are ever green, changing their leaves during the dry season. Large differences are also observable in the leaf structure. Most woody species in Australia and South America are scleromor phic due to the abundance of mechanical tissue and silica, while typical African tree species are mesophyllous in structure (Cole 1986).


With the increase in the intensity and frequency of natural disasters, the risk and loss assessment of urban natural disasters and the construction of an urban security pattern are becoming more important. Based on social media data from the Sina microblogging platform, statistical yearbook data, and using the ArcGIS software, this study establishes a typhoon disaster vulnerability index for the rapid assessment of the impact of Typhoon "Meranti" on different districts of Xiamen at different stages. The location of a specific microblog information from the microblogging platform is used to track and analyze disaster information. The results show that when facing a typhoon disaster, the Siming and Huli District showed relatively low vulnerability, while Haicang and Jimei District showed higher vulnerability, which is mainly due to the quick response of local government and civil society organization in Siming and Huli District. From a perspective of recovery, except for the Haicang District, the speed of recovery of power in the other districts is relatively rapid. This study provides a new method and technology for the evaluation of typhoon disaster vulnerability, decision reference for pre⁃disaster control, and post⁃disaster recovery.


Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) was described in the middle of the last century, it is a rare severe disease associated with the intestinal infection, caused by some highly pathogenic strains of E. coli, producing Shiga toxin. Besides of this form of HUS, was described atypical form of HUS (aHUS), which is characterized by a worse prognosis. Regulatory violations in the compliment activation system result pathogenesis of aHUS. The evolution of aHUS is evoked by genetic mutations and other pathological mechanisms resulting to chronic uncontrolled complement activation. Understanding of the pathological mechanisms of aHUS made possible to identify molecular targets for selective inhibition of the complement system. The first selective inhibitor of the alternative pathway activation of the compliment — eculizumab — opens new possibilities in therapy of aHUS.


Commentary on: Dodd J, Crowther C, Haslam R, et al., for the Twins Timing of Birth Trial Group. Elective birth at 37 weeks of gestation versus standard care for women with an uncomplicated twin pregnancy at term: the Twins Timing of Birth Randomised Trial. BJOG 2012; 119: 964– 74.[OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3]

In singleton pregnancies, offering elective delivery at or beyond term (40 weeks gestation) reduces perinatal mortality.1 ,2 Epidemiological data suggest that in twin pregnancies 'term' may be earlier than in singletons. Morbidity and mortality in twin pregnancies is the lowest in association with delivery at 36–38 weeks gestation, leading the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) to endorse elective delivery around 37 weeks for dichorionic twins and 36 weeks for monochorionic twins.3 Data from randomised trials evaluating such a policy is lacking.

Dodd and colleagues report the results of a randomised controlled trial of elective delivery …

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Passive buildings are capable of achieving the lowest energy requirements by optimizing heat losses and gains through the building envelope. Therefore, the thermal comfort in winter and summer can be maintained mostly without requiring the energy inputs and during the peak temperature periods with only minimum amounts of energy inputs. Application of passive strategies in building sector can be a promising measure to enhance the building energy efficiency. This paper is aimed at reviewing studies utilized passive strategies to optimize building energy utilization. The findings demonstrate that, usage of passive strategies in the building sector enhances sustainability measures predominantly through mitigating building's negative environmental impacts besides optimizing its energy performance.


The education system worldwide has been responding to the needs of all learners despite their circumstances. Inclusive education believes that learners with autism need huge support from schools, parents, and the community. Thus, this study assessed the video modeling strategy used by teachers in teaching Daily Living Skills to Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder. The respondents of the study included 50 special education teachers and 170 learners with ASD. The study was conducted in the selected high schools in Santa Clara County, California, USA, offering SPED for ASD students for the school year 2021-2022. The descriptive-correlational research design was employed to determine the relationship between the teachers' extent of use of video modeling strategies in teaching and the performance of students in Daily Living Skills. Research findings revealed that the teachers' use of video modeling strategies in teaching Daily Living Skills among students is of a great extent. The average academic performance of the students- respondents' this school year is 93.26, which is described as "proficient" Further, there is a significant relationship between the teachers' extent of use of the video modeling strategies in teaching and the performance of students in Daily Living Skills. Moreover, the teachers' problems in using the video modeling strategy in teaching Daily Living Skills to students with ASD are the lack of training and teachers' attitudes towards technology in the classroom. The study concludes that the use of video modeling strategies in teaching Daily Living Skills is good for ASD students' learning and success.


In this work, we introduce a new concept of integral $K$-operator frame for the set of all adjointable operators from Hilbert $C^{\ast}$-modules $\mathcal{H}$ to it self noted $End_{\mathcal{A}}^{\ast}(\mathcal{H}) $. We give some propertis relating some construction of integral $K$-operator frame and operators preserving integral $K$-operator frame and we establish some new results.


Corn (Zea mays L.) is one of the major cereal crops cultivated worldwide. Zinc and selenium are important nutrients for humans and plants, and their deficiency is a cause for concern in most developing countries. Sweet corn fertilized with zinc and selenium can mitigate this problem. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of fertilization with Zn and Se on the yield and quality of sweet corn varieties under different planting densities. The experimental design used was a split-plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. Compared to the control, significant differences were recorded in grain yield, leaf area index, and plant height (i.e., Zn/Se + density + variety) treatments. Non-significant differences in the number of kernels per cob, sugar content and crude protein were recorded under different treatments. Significant differences in grain yield, water-soluble sugar, and zinc and selenium content in grain were recorded. Grain yield was higher in Selenium than in Zinc treatments, with a mean difference of 0.05 t ha−1. We conclude that grain yield and selenium content in grain were influenced by selenium foliar application, while water-soluble sugar and zinc content in grain were influenced by foliar zinc application.


Myocardial intracellular Ca2+ and membrane potential oscillations were studied in the isolated guinea-pig and rat pulmonary veins with immunohistochemical, confocal microscopic and electrophysiological analyses. The myocardial layer was present between the smooth muscle layer and the adventitia, and was more developed in the guinea-pig than in the rat. Intracellular Ca2+ oscillations were observed in both species, which were inhibited by ryanodine. Spontaneous Ca2+ waves were observed to propagate along the longitudinal axis of the cell or as a spiral rotating around a subcellular core; the propagation velocity of these Ca2+ waves was similar to that reported in atrial and ventricular cardiomyocytes. Spontaneous action potentials were present in about 35% and 4% of the preparations from the guinea-pig and rat, respectively. In quiescent preparations from the guinea-pig, noradrenaline induced a slow depolarization of the resting membrane potential followed by constant repetitive generation of action potentials, which were inhibited by ryanodine. In quiescent preparations from the rat, noradrenaline induced an initial hyperpolarization and a subsequent depolarization of the resting membrane potential. This was followed by generation of automatic action potentials which occurred in repetitive bursts. Ryanodine either abolished or reduced the duration of action-potential bursts. These results indicate that the pulmonary vein myocardium generates automatic electrical activity under adrenergic influence, which is probably triggered by intracellular Ca2+ oscillations. The difference in firing pattern between the guineapig and rat may be due to the difference in hyperpolarizing mechanisms. Abstract Conclusion


Crystal structure and surface residual stress are measured using the X-ray diffraction (XRD) method. There is a typical fine copper crystal structure on the deposits and no significant amount of residual stress is present in the deposits, either as plated or heat-treated. No significant signal of copper oxide is in the X-ray patterns, which means that little or no copper oxide is presented on the surface of the deposits. The atomic model of the diamond pyramid structure is based on this key fact. The grains on most of the deposits are randomly oriented.


This article speculates about how transportation in the United States may evolve in the first few decades of this new century. It begins by presenting a broad view of transportation and change. It then discusses some important trends and characteristics of transportation that will influence its evolution in the United States. It concludes with some brief comments on specific proposals that have been advanced for transportation, including smart growth, high-speed trains and maglev, privatization and outsourcing, intelligent transportation systems, road pricing, and new automobile technology. The trends and proposals discussed suggest a future America with a larger, more dispersed population: a population that continues to rely heavily on motor vehicles for transportation. Information technology will facilitate these trends and will allow individuals to make other lifestyle adjustments that will help Americans adapt to the choices available without gridlock levels of traffic congestion. Incremental high-speed passenger rail will be introduced in selected intercity corridors. As in the past, the nation will rely principally on new automotive technology to address emissions, greenhouse gas, and energy concerns unless a crisis occurs and leads to a new public policy environment. More consolidation will occur in private-sector transportation companies, and public agencies will outsource more of their work to the private sector.


PURPOSE: A method for fabricating a capacitor is provided to reduce the manufacturing cost and to simplify the manufacturing process of the capacitor by depositing a thin conductive film for a lower electrode. CONSTITUTION: A conductive film(208) is formed on a semiconductor substrate(300). An insulation film(305) is formed on the semiconductor substrate(300). By etching the insulation film(305), a contact hole(304) is formed on the conductive film(208). A conductive plug(304) is formed in the contact hole(304). A trench(207) is formed by etching the insulation film(305). The conductive film(208) is formed on a front surface of the structure having the trench(207). A lower electrode(308') is formed by anisotropically etching the conductive film(208). A dielectric film(309) and an upper electrode(310) are formed on the surface of the lower electrode(308').


Chronic liver diseases (CLD) held an important place in the structure of pediatric hepatology including viral and autoimmune hepatitis, various forms of liver pathology caused by metabolic disorders. They are characterized by a variety of clinical manifestations, a progressive course with the formation of fibrosis and the possibility of its outcome in liver cirrhosis (LC). Liver puncture biopsy with morphological examination of its tissue is the leading method for determining the stage of liver fibrosis (LF) in CLD children. However, it is not always safe for the patient. Using non-invasive imaging methods, it is impossible to detect intermediate stages of fibrosis and it is not always possible to detect signs of CL. Therefore, non-invasive markers of LF, based on the identification of various molecular compounds involved in the formation of components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) or acting as activators of fibrogenesis, are necessary. Hyaluronic acid, collagen type IV, matrix metalloproteinases-2 and -9, a tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1, transforming growth factor beta1, showing diagnostic value for non-invasive monitoring of the development of LF, are well studied among them.


Kinetics of P desorption was studied in ten alkaline- calcareous soils belonging to arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid regions of North-west India and varying in texture, CaCO3, organic carbon and extractable Al and Fe (1N NH4OAc pH 7.0). Desorption of P was investigated in soil samples treated with 200 μg P g −1 soil and incubated at 25±2°C and 60% water holding capacity for 8 weeks. The amount of P desorbed by the distilled water at water-to-soil ratio of 40:1, on an end-over-end shaker for 5 to 180 minutes, was determined. Individually, none of the soil properties significantly affected the amount of P desorbed. However, a significant exponential regression was obtained between clay/organic carbon (OC) ratio and amount of P desorbed during three hours reaction period. The rate of soil P desorption was satisfactorily described by the modified Elovich equation [Pd = (1/a) ln (ab) + (1/a) lnt] and the equation of Sharpley et al. (Pd = K P0 tαWβ). The constants (a and b) decreased with increasing CaCO3 and CaCO3/OC ratio and α increased with CaCO3 content, whereas 'a' increased and constants (α and K) decreased with clay/OC ratio. The results evidenced that clay, and CaCO3/OC ratios could not be universally used to predict the P desorption and restricted only to the soils of similar pedological origin.


Abstract The relationship between humans and digital technologies has been documented extensively in the past decades, but has yet to be reviewed through the lens of the current global pandemic crisis This review synthesizes the rapidly growing literature on digital technology use during the current COVID-19 pandemic It addresses the following four topics: (1) the specific digital technologies that have been used, (2) the specific populations who have used these digital technologies, (3) the specific activities that individuals and groups have used these digital technologies, and (4) the specific effects of using these digital technologies on humans during the pandemic The 281 empirical articles we have identified suggest that (1) 28 various forms of technologies have been used, ranging from computers to artificial intelligence, (2) 8 different populations of users are using these technologies, primarily medical professionals, (3) 32 generalized types of activities are involved, including providing health services remotely, analyzing data, and communicating, and (4) 35 various effects have been observed, such as improved patient outcomes, continued education, and decreased outbreak impact Through this rapid review, we sketched an expansive, multilevel model of the current knowledge of how humans are using technology during the COVID-19 pandemic Major findings and future directions are discussed


The Manhattan lattice is the covering lattice of the L lattice and the author has studied self-avoiding walks on this pair of lattices. Upper and lower bounds on the connective constant ( mu ) have been obtained, as have series analysis estimates.


In the context of the Saint-Martin-la-Porte survey project of the Lyon-Turin railway link, an access gallery (SMP2) was first excavated across a Carboniferous formation, where tectonized productive Houiller was met at a depth of 300 m. It exhibited a highly squeezing behavior, characterized by large, time-dependent and anisotropic deformation. Recently, a new survey gallery (SMP4) began to be excavated along the axis of the future base tunnel at a depth of about 600 m. Squeezing conditions have been met again when SMP4 crossed the same Carboniferous formation. Practical problems have been encountered related to the large and anisotropic closure of the cross-section and the instability on the tunnel face. On the basis of previous studies and numerical analyses of carried out for SMP2, the proposed methods are extended to SMP4 conditions. Numerical modeling is performed using FLAC3D code and the various phases of excavation and specific support installation are considered. The efficiency of the compressible elements in reducing the stress in the support system is demonstrated.


Abstract Embryos in natural graupel particles were studied with a setereomicroscope by carefully disassembling samples gathered at two locations globally apart. For the majority of graupel particle clearly identifiable embryos did not exist, suggesting that embryos of graupel occurred as a result of rime breakup. In some cases, ice particles, frozen drops, plates, dendritic crystals, and broken crystals were found as embryos; the minimum sizes of embryos of graupel were 0.3 mm (dendritic crystal) and 0.1 mm (others). Isometric crystals, which show a high probability of growing into graupel due to their fast fall velocities, were also confirmed as being embryos of graupel.


In this study, pure aluminum was reinforced with pure silicon nitride (varying from 1 to 12 wt%), pure graphene nanoplatelets (changing from 0.1 to 0.5 wt%), and their hybrid form (silicon nitride/graphene nanoplatelets) by using powder metallurgy method. The results show that Vickers hardness increased to 57.5 ± 3 HV (Al-9Si3N4) and 57 ± 2.5 HV (Al-0.1GNPs) from 28 ± 2 HV (pure aluminum). Similarly, ultimate compressive strength of the pure silicon nitride and pure graphene nanoplatelet-reinforced aluminum composite was improved to 268 ± 6 MPa (Al-9Si3N4) and 138 ± 4 MPa (Al-0.5GNPs) from 106 ± 4 MPa (pure aluminum), respectively. Interestingly, the highest Vickers hardness, ultimate compressive strength, and ultimate tensile strength of aluminum-silicon nitride-graphene nanoplatelet hybrid composites were determined as 82 ± 3 HV (Al-9Si3N4-0.5GNPs), 334 ± 9 MPa (Al-9Si3N4-0.1GNPs), and 132 MPa (Al-9Si3N4-0.1GNPs), respectively. The Vickers hardness (for Al-9Si3N4-0.5GNPs), ultimate compressive strength (for Al-9Si3N4-0.1GNPs), and ultimate tensile strength (for Al-9Si3N4-0.1GNPs) improved ∼193%, ∼215%, and ∼47% when compared to pure Al, respectively. Above 9 wt% silicon nitride and 0.1 wt% graphene nanoplatelets content, an adverse effect was observed due to the agglomeration of silicon nitride and graphene nanoplatelets in aluminum matrix composites. Also, energy-dispersive X-ray and scanning electron microphotographs confirmed the presence of both silicon nitride and graphene nanoplatelets and uniformly distributed in the aluminum matrix.


Abstract Disclosure: V. Ubba: None. S. joseph: None. R. Akbar: None. M. Dsilva: None. S. Wu: None. Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a leading cause of infertility in women of reproductive age. Mostly, the level of androgens are deviated from their physiological values in females, resulting in hyperandrogenemia. Androgen manifests its function in the cells via the Androgen Receptor (AR), making it a prime factor for studying PCOS pathophysiology. We generated central nervous system (CNS) specific AR knockout mouse (SynARKO), using synapsin promoter driven cre, to examine its role under normal and hyperandrogenemic conditions in female mice. Assessment of reproductive parameters under physiological levels of androgens, revealed no differences in the cyclicity and fertility of SynARKO mice when compared to Control (Con-veh) mice. These parameters were altered under hyperandrogenemia (induced using DHT) in Control mice (Con-DHT) mice and were not rescued in the SynARKO- DHT mice, suggesting CNS AR is dispensable to reproductive features in females. Evaluation of metabolic functions by Glucose tolerance test, we observed alleviated glucose intolerance in SynARKO-DHT (4 months). Energy expenditure and food intake were increased in Con-DHT mice compared to Con-veh, while showing no further differences in SynARKO-DHT mice compared to SynARKO-veh. At the molecular level, DHT treatment showed increased phosphorylated Akt in hypothalamus of control mice. Interestingly, it was restored in synARKO upon DHT treatment. Further, the inflammation marker, phosphorylated NF-kB p-65, was increased in the hypothalamus of Con-DHT mice. Additionally, IBA, a marker of macrophage activation was also increased upon DHT treatment in control mice. Taken together, our results suggest that while the reproductive functions are not mediated by the CNS AR, metabolic effects caused by hyperandrogenemia, is regulated by the central nervous system AR. Presentation Date: Saturday, June 17, 2023


Usually, buildings in urban areas are designed by considering the response of structures in isolation i.e. a single structure, with no neighbouring structures. However, the existence of a high density of buildings in large cities inevitably results in the possibility of seismic interaction of adjacent buildings through the underlying soil that can produce an increase or decrease in seismic risk. Critical and important closely spaced structures, such as found in Nuclear power plants, are distinctly vulnerable to dynamic interaction, which should mandate full nonlinear SSSI analyses. In this study, we evaluated the effects of nonlinear Structure-Soil-Structure Interaction (SSSI) between two different buildings. A two-dimensional simple discrete nonlinear model is proposed that is described by a set of nonlinear differential equations of motion. The soil profile directly underneath foundation is modelled as a nonlinear phenomenological Bouc-Wen model and rotational interaction spring between buildings are assumed. We use an EC8 spectrum matched ground motion record. The Reweighted Volterra Series Algorithm (RVSA) is employed for the matching process. The results showed that there are unfavourable configurations of the two buildings that can produce important differences between nonlinear SSSI and nonlinear SSI. In the same way, it is demonstrated that the adverse effects of SSSI can be more pronounced when the nonlinear is considered.


[Problem] To provide a technique making it possible to stably perform a resist pattern formation process when a substrate processing device for applying a resist and a substrate processing device for performing a development process are separate devices. [Solution] A wafer W, which has been subjected to a heating process after resist application in a first substrate processing device (1), is subjected to a heating process before exposure in a second substrate processing device (2) as well. Therefore, even when amines in the atmosphere adhere to the wafer W during transportation from the first substrate processing device (1) to the second substrate processing device (2), the amines are dispersed by the heating process. The heating time and/or the heating temperature are/is adjusted on the basis of the wafer W standing time, which includes the period of time between a FOUP being unloaded from the first substrate processing device (1) and a FOUP being loaded into the second substrate processing device (2). It is therefore possible to minimize variation in the amount of solvent remaining in the resist between the wafers W and stabilize the resist pattern formation process.


This study followed triple bottom line of sustainability to enhance building design (social, environmental and economic performance) to justify the research hypothesis. Thus study focused on Intelligent Building (IB) (as case of common accepted "economic" performance of building). Furthermore, study highlights needs in practice and gap in research to improve the level of user comfort (as case of "social" performance as well as "environmental" performance of building) in future IB design. Finally, study proposed a conceptual IB design framework to improving level of user comfort with "sustainable" energy efficient strategy. To validate the framework study within a novel group decision making session and steps try to establish proposed conceptual framework. The final proposed framework is accepted with the professional evolved with high research power.


In this paper we present an approach for medical image categorization based on Gaussian mixture model. There are distinct differences on texture, shape and intensity characteristics among the images of different parts of body. Considering of the features of the Gaussian mixture model , first we extract the characteristic vectors of the training image set to learn the class model for each class , then categorize the test image using the Bayesian principle. The experimental results indicate that the method performs very well on CT image categorization. We achieved classification accuracy up to 97% in the experiment.


This study reports a unique optical system for experimental, laboratory-level testing of light scattering methods for noninvasive characterization of optical fibers. This new modular system comprises of various optical, mechanical, electrical and software components enabling the control, detection, and analysis of the measurement results. Practical measurements are investigated to explore an inverse relationship between scattering data from the vicinity of a rainbow and fiber diameter/refractive index estimates.


A tadpole shaped poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL; Mn = 24 500) was made amphiphilic by grafting the two PCL tails with PEO. In the first step, a macrocyclic PCL was synthesized by ring-opening polymerization of e-caprolactone (eCL) initiated by a cyclic tin(IV) dialkoxide and stabilized by local intramolecular photo-cross-linking. In the second step, the polymerization of a mixture of eCL and α-chloro-e-caprolactone (αCleCL) was resumed with formation of two activated chloride containing PCL tails. In the third step, the chlorides were converted into azides onto which alkynyl end-capped PEO was grafted by the copper-mediated Huisgen's cycloaddition [3 + 2], thus giving a "click" reaction. The thermal properties of the final copolymer and the precursors were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry. The amphiphilicity of the final copolymer was confirmed by micellization in water.


Ring recovery data were used to describe a seabird mortality event (or'wreck5) affecting mainly Shags Phalacrocorax aristotelis and Guillemots Uria aalge in the North Sea during February and March 1994. Stormy weather and onshore winds are thought to have caused this mortality. Most Shags and Guillemots were recovered along the North Sea coast of the British Isles, particularly around northeast Britain. In non‐wreck years, recoveries of Shags and Guillemots were more widespread around the British Isles. Most Shags recovered during the wreck originated from North Sea breeding colonies in northeast England, eastern Scotland and the Northern Isles, while most Guillemots originated fro m colonies in eastern Scotland and the Northern Isles. In contrast to previous wrecks, the 1994 wreck affected mainly adult Shags and first‐ and second‐year Guillemots. The national ring recoveries confirmed the extensive scale differences in mortality between species and age classes that were previously evident fro man intensive study on the Isle of May.


InGaP/GaAs/InGaAs inverted metamorphic (IMM) triple junction (TJ) solar cells were fabricated on epitaxial liftoff (ELO) 100 mm diameter GaAs wafers. These ELO IMM solar cells exhibited an efficiency of 30% at one sun AM1.5D illumination, which is the highest reported efficiency for IMM ELO thin cells to date. The TJ ELO cells had fill factor (FF) >85%, open circuit voltage (Voc) of 2.78V, and short circuit current density (Jsc) of 12.64 mA/cm2. IMM ELO cells exhibited a peak efficiency of 36.3% at concentration of 264suns.


Early studies of the present author and his collaborators on the viscosity and viscoelasticity of non-polymeric and polymeric liquid solutions are reviewed. The period covered is from 1947 to 1972. The subjects described are: (1)The mutual viscosity as a measure of the interaction between unlike molecules in non-polymeric solutions, (2)the Weissenberg effect and the nature of elastic deformation of polymer chains, (3)the dependence of steady shear compliance on molecular weight, (4)the characteristic ratio for polymer chains-its evaluation and compilation based on numerous data of intrinsic viscosity in ordinary solvents, and(5)the relaxation modulus of polymer solutions under large strain. The strain-dependent moduli observed for a concentrated solution of polystyrene were separable in the form of product of a universal strain function and a time function over a wide range of time longer than a critical value, and it provides a key to the solution of the nature of entanglement coupling between polymer molecules.


The principal goal of psychiatric rehabilitation is to improve the global functioning of a person who suffer from a mental disorder. New emerging groups of patients meet difficult to attend to a rehabilitation program. Sport represents a new flexible model that can be used in psychiatric rehabilitation. Sport improves physical health and well being, increases sociality, increases self-efficacy and self-esteem. It is well accepted and well tolerated by the patients, too. Its use goes over the chronic phase of illness (typical target of rehabilitation) and it extends to the post-acute and pre acute phase, too.


Research Question: Is the lean production philosophy applicable in precast concrete factories to achieve sustainability? If it is, what are the imperfections that can be improved to achieve sustainability? Purpose: This study aims to identify the contribution of the lean concept to achieve sustainability in precast concrete factories. By using appropriate lean principles, the precast concrete industry can move closer towards sustainability. Research Method: Quantitative assessment of each non-value adding activity is provided. Qualitative descriptions are provided for activities that cannot be assessed quantitatively. Findings: The results indicate that the value chain in precast concrete factories has the potential to improve. Carbon emissions can be reduced in precast concrete factories to achieve low-carbon production. Limitations: Precast concrete products are investigated in this study, which may limit the applicability of this study to other construction materials. Further researches are suggested. Implications: The lean production philosophy has practical contributions to sustainable development, which can be adopted by precasters to achieve better performance in some sustainability factors, such as energy consumption, carbon emissions as well as production efficiency. Value for practitioners: By eliminating the non-value adding activities identified in this study, precasters can achieve more environment-friendly and efficient production. In addition, regulatory bodies may initiate a lean benchmark for the precasters to identify how efficient current production is, as well as for the consumers to choose truly environment-friendly construction materials.


Yiqing Shi† School of Mathematics and Statistics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei Province, China. Abstract Due to the nonlinearity of the Euler–Poisson equations, it is possible that the nonlinear Jeans instability may lead to a faster density growing rate than the rate in the standard theory of linearized Jeans instability, which motivates us to study the nonlinear Jeans instability. The aim of this article is to develop a method proving the Jeans instability for slightly nonlinear Euler–Poisson equations in the expanding Newtonian universe. The standard proofs of the Jeans instability rely on the Fourier analysis. However, it is difficult to generalize Fourier method to a nonlinear setting, and thus there is no result in the nonlinear analysis of Jeans instability. We firstly develop a non-Fourier-based method to reprove the linearized Jeans instability in the expanding Newtonian universe. Secondly, we generalize this idea to a slightly nonlinear case. This method relies on the Cauchy problem of the Fuchsian system due to the recent developments of this system in mathematics. The fully nonlinear Jeans instability for the Euler–Poisson and Einstein–Euler equations are in progress.


BACKGROUND
Rice taste is closely associated with endosperm composition, which varies among different rice layers. Although clarifying the relationship between this difference and nutritional taste can guide rice breeding and cultivation practices, research on this topic is limited.

RESULTS
Here, typical rice varieties having excellent and poor taste characteristics were selected to analyze the distribution characteristics and differences of their components. The varieties with excellent taste exhibited lower apparent amylose content (AAC) and protein content (PC), lesser short (Fa) and long (Fb3) chains and more medium chain (Fb1+2) amylopectin (AP), higher long-to-short chain ratio (Fa:Fb3), and higher nitrogen(N), magnesium(Mg), and calcium(Ca) contents in layer 1 (L1) than the varieties with poor taste. Layer 2 (L2) played a key role in AAC and PC regulation in the varieties with excellent taste by reducing AAC and appropriately increasing PC, consequently improving rice taste. AP structure in layer 3 (L3) substantially affected the taste of the two-type varieties. The mineral content was the highest in L1, and increased potassium(K), Ca, and Mg contents improved taste in all varieties.

CONCLUSION
AAC in each layer contributes to rice taste. PC and minerals primarily act on L1 and L2, whereas AP acts on L2 and L3. Therefore, the endosperm formation process should be exploited for improving rice taste. Furthermore, key resources and cultivation should be identified and regulated, respectively, to improve rice taste. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


More than thirty years of electric utility industry history is discussed. The trauma of events visited upon the economy of the nation during that time and upon electric utilities in particular is described, and some solid analysis of how major economic changes in American society have permanently affected the costs of electric power generation and distribution, the charges that must be paid by electricity users, and the financial status of electric companies are presented. The article is the result of a joint undertaking - over an extended period - of four officers and managers of a large electric utility in the south.


The advancement of mobile technology has enabled language learning to become more interactive and interesting. Mobile learning brings flexibility and openness to language learning. This paper focuses on a study which was conducted with Chinese Language major students at the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences at Burapha University in order to find out the potential of mobile learning to enhance Chinese language proficiency. The methodology used for this study was an online questionnaire survey. The results revealed that most of the students have positive attitudes towards mobile learning and believe that mobile phones could be used to enhance Chinese proficiency.


The Malaysian government has made continuous efforts in stimulating the Malaysian Orang Asli involvement as entreprenuers, specifically in tourism related businesses. This paper reports an empirical investigation on the attributes that support the success of Orang Asli entrepreneurs in tourism businesses. Using a qualitative approach this research interviewed ten Orang Asli established entrepreneurs. Through a thematic analysis some useful insights significantly obtained. Attitudes, role model, encouragement, knowledge, skill and competency, interest, patience and persistence are the attributes that support them in venturing into mainstream tourism industry business. In addition, the government support, involvement in the community and social networking somewhat aids in creating more business opportunity and increased confidence in expanding their business. Keywords: indigenous; entrepreneurs; tourism; Orang Asli; Malaysia


FGI is measuring carbon storage, soil health, and climate change mitigation of FGI
 crops in several ways, from direct soil measurements of carbon and soil health analysis
 to field scale budgeting of energy, water, and greenhouse gas fluxes. However, key gaps
 remain in understanding the magnitude of benefits from FGI crops, as well as the most
 reliable and scalable methods for assessing key climate responses in agriculture. One
 key project aims to quantify the carbon balance and field-scale soil health impacts
 of winter camelina in a corn- soybean rotation (annual grain and oilseed relay or
 double-crop system), and a Kernza® intermediate wheatgrass - alfalfa rotation
 (perennial forage and grain system).


Introduction: Along with the development of science, many varieties of microorganisms are resistant to antibiotics. To avoid cases of resistance grew severe, researchers developed alternative medicines as a substitute for antibiotics. One of the ingredients of herbs researched that has antibacterial activity is Cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmannii).
Aim: This study aimed to compare antibacterial effects water extract of Cinnamomum burmannii with penicillin against Staphylococcus aureus
Methods: This an experimental studies witd non-equivalent control group design. Research using the bacteria S. aureus are divided into two groups, the control group and experimental group. The concentration of Cinnamomum burmannii and penicillin are used that is 80- 150mg/L. Antibacterial test used dilution method and a microplate reader for reading absorbance. This research conducted in the laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy Widya Mandala Catholic University Surabaya for 2 weeks.
Result: Based on visual observations, Cinnamomum burmannii's MIC is located at concentration 320- 600 mg/L while penicillin's MIC is located at concentration 160- 300 mg/L. Based on the results of microdilution test, Cinnamomum burmannii's MIC is located at concentration 160- 300 mg/L while penicillin's MIC is located at concentration 640- 1200 mg/L.
Conclusion: The conclusion of this research is giving Cinnamomum burmannii water extract in Staphylococcus aureus has efficacy or inhibitory that is not significantly different with penicillin.


We tested the hypothesis that long-term grazing management with different stocking densities 25 results in plant communities with distinctively different plant species composition and 26 vegetation structure. We analyzed data from two long-term experiments in a low clayey and a 27 high sandy salt marsh with different stocking densities of sheep after 11, 15, 19 and 23 years 28 after the start of the various treatments on the German Wadden Sea coast. 29 On the low salt marsh, continued high stocking density (10 sheep ha -1 ) resulted locally in 30 progressive succession from the Puccinellia maritima community to the late-successional 31 Atriplex portulacoides community. On the high salt marsh, the Festuca rubra community 32 maintained in all stocking densities during the first 11 years. Intermediate stocking densities 33 (1.5, 3 or 4.5 sheep ha -1 ) resulted in P. maritima sward interspersed with patches of F. rubra 34 and tall Elytrigia atherica communities in both salt-marsh types. Cessation of grazing resulted 35 in progressive succession to the E. atherica community in later years in both salt-marsh types. 36 Intermediate stocking density resulted in a mosaic of tall vegetation and patches of sward, and 37 revealed the highest variation from sward to tall vegetation. Continued grazing with high 38 stocking density led to a high proportion of sward, whereas cessation of grazing led to a high 39 proportion of tall vegetation. 40 Grazers affect abiotic conditions by reducing soil-redox-potential and surface elevation 41 change, and thereby drive composition and structure of salt-marsh vegetation.


Under the condition of two-mode squeezed vacuum state field interacting with an atom via the intensity-dependent coupling,the degree of entanglement between the two mode fields is investigated by using quantum relative entropy.It is found that the evolution of degree of two-mode fields entanglement is periodic.When the initial field is strong,the degree of entanglement reach maximum at scaled time gt=kπ(k=0,1,2,…),and the different between the maximum and minimum of the entanglement measures is about 1.3 generally.When the initial field is very weak,the influence of atom initial state on the entanglement evolution is sensitive.And the maximum entanglement appears under the situation of atom in a superposition state of upper level and lower level with equal probability.The entanglement of the two mode fields can be adjusted by controlling the time of the atom passing the cavity and the initial state of the atom.


The central thesis or argument of this paper is that the performance of local governments in Nigeria, especially in the fourth republic can be interrogated through the Efficiency Services theory. The kernel of this theory is that local government acts as an efficient agent for providing services that are local in character. Through a heavy reliance on secondary data backed by practical observation and analytical framework, the paper observed that the leading personnel, policy outcomes and political/administrative environments of local government administration in Nigeria (within the period of study) portrayed them as failed institutions. The paper canvassed the need for synergy and collaborative approach to community development and reform initiatives anchored on "theory to practice" policy inclination.


In this paper, new types of fuzzy graphs are define d and discussed some properties of the defined graphs. Also we defined t he semi global fuzzy dominating set and its number of fuzzy graphs. Some results and bo unds on semi global fuzzy dominating number are derived, which is used in def ense problems and bank transactions.


A 3-D complex K2[Ag2(biim)2]2P2W18O62 (biim = biimidazole) (1) has been hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by IR, thermogravimetric, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Single-crystal X-ray structural analysis reveals that 1 exhibits a 1-D wavelike chain constructed from µ3-bridging oxygen atoms of [P2W18O62]6− and [Ag2(biim)2]2+. The K+ link to six oxygen atoms of three P2W18 clusters and 12 equatorial terminal oxygen atoms of P2W18 clusters link to six K+, resulting in a 3-D framework with a relatively short Ag–Ag bond [2.836 Å]. The electrochemical behavior of 1 modified carbon paste electrode (1-CPE) has been studied. The results indicate that 1-CPE has remarkable stability.


The analysis of the dynamics of micropolar fl uid has been the subject of many research papers in recent years because of its increasing importance in processing industries and elsewhere for materials whose behavior in shear cannot be characterized by Newtonian relationships. The micropolar fl uids which contain microconstituents and can undergo rotation have been proposed by Eringen (1964). These kinds of fl uids are utilized in analyzing exotic lubricants, the fl ow of colloidal suspensions, paints, liquid crystals, animal blood, fl uid fl owing in brain, turbulent shear fl ows, and body fl uids both mathematically and industrially. In addition, due to its practical application to boundary layer control and thermal protection in high-energy fl ow by means of wall velocity and mass transfer, considerable attention has been paid to the thermal boundary layer fl ows over moving boundaries (Bhargava and Takhar, 2000). The oscillatory boundary layer fl ow with constant heat OSCILLATORY FREE CONVECTION OF A MICROPOLAR ROTATING FLUID ON A VERTICAL PLATE WITH VARIABLE HEAT FLUX AND THERMAL RADIATION