In a pneumatic driving system, a servo valve is most expensive equipment compared with pneumatic actuators. In a wearable driving system, the mass and size of a valve also becomes serious concern. The purpose of this study is to reduce the burden of the user by using a small and light-weight quasi-servo valve that consists of inexpensive on/off valves and an embedded controller. The relation between input duty ratio and output flow rate of the valve is nonlinear. In the previous study, a pressure control type quasi-servo valve using a pressure transducer was also developed. However, the cost of the valve was increased. In this paper, to develop a lower-cost valve with good controllability, the flow rate control type quasi-servo valve by compensating the input duty-ratio of the valve is proposed and tested. The performance of the tested valve was also investigated. As a result, the valve can generate the proportional output flow rate according to the input voltage.


Background—The Washington Radiation for In-Stent Restenosis Trial for long lesions (Long WRIST) was designed to determine the safety and efficacy of vascular brachytherapy for the treatment of diffuse in-stent restenosis. Methods and Results—A total of 120 patients with diffuse in-stent restenosis in native coronary arteries (lesion length, 36 to 80 mm) were randomized for either radiation with 192Ir with 15 Gy at 2 mm from the source axis or placebo. After enrollment, 120 additional patients with the same inclusion criteria were treated with 192Ir with 18 Gy and included in the Long WRIST High Dose registry. Antiplatelet therapy was initially prescribed for 1 month and was extended to 6 months in the last 60 patients of the Long WRIST High Dose registry. At 6 months, the binary angiographic restenosis rate was 73%, 45%, and 38% in the placebo, 15 Gy, and 18 Gy radiated groups, respectively (P <0.05). At 1 year, the primary clinical end point of major cardiac events was 63% in the placebo group and 42% in the radiated group with 15 Gy (P <0.05). The major cardiac event rate was further reduced with 18 Gy (22%;P <0.05 versus 15 Gy). Late thrombosis was 12%, 15%, and 9% in the placebo group, 15 Gy group with 1 month of antiplatelet therapy, and 18 Gy group with 6 months of antiplatelet therapy, respectively. Conclusions—Vascular brachytherapy with 192Ir is safe and reduces the rate of recurrent restenosis in diffuse in-stent restenosis. The efficacy of vascular brachytherapy on angiographic and clinical outcomes is enhanced with a radiation dose of 18 Gy and prolonged antiplatelet therapy.


Malaria is the commonest imported infectious disease in Italy. Malaria was endemic throughout much of the country until it was eradicated nearly 50 years ago. Since then, a malaria surveillance system has been set up to detect locally acquired cases that


2559 Analysis of Patients with White Coat Hypertension by Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring Abdulhamza Rajooj Hmood FICMS (medicine), College of Medicine, Kerbela University firstname.lastname@example.com Hassan Salim Abdulsada FICMS (medicine), College of Medicine, Babylon University firstname.lastname@example.com Ala'a Abdulhussain Abdulzahra CABMS (Medicine), college of dentistry, Kufa University firstname.lastname@example.com Sami Adil, CABMS (Psychiatry) College of Medicine, Kerbela University firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract Ambulatory blood pressure measurement is the best method of detecting white coat hypertension. We report ambulatory blood pressure measurement findings in 100 individuals during 1 year. All of the referred subjects underwent casual and ambulatory blood pressure measurement. Mean age (± SD) was 36 (± 13) years; 82% male and 18% female; 68% were non-smokers and 32% were smokers . white coat hypertension is found in 68% of individuals who had completely normal blood pressure profile. Among the hypertensive group (32%), blood pressure load was normal in 96% and rose in 4%. Studying of the nocturnal drop had categorized the hypertensive group into reverse dipper (1%), non-dipper (3%), extreme dipper (0%), and dipper 96%. No significant correlation between ambulatory blood pressure measurement and socio-demographic characteristics. Thirty-two were hypertensive and 68% were normotensive on ambulatory blood pressure measurement with a statically significant value. Blood pressure load was elevated in 50%. There was a significant association between ambulatory blood pressure measurement results and blood pressure load and blood pressure drop, abnormalities on ambulatory blood pressure measurement are common in individuals with hypertension and are strongly indicated to identify the blood pressure profile. Indeed, ambulatory blood pressure measurement should be strongly indicated in individual with suspected white coat effect to avoid false diagnosis of hypertension and long term costly therapy.


In a retrospective analysis of 78 patients with liver cirrhosis, we found low serum levels of calcium and phosphorus. The low calcium levels showed a better correlation with high activity of aspartate aminotransferase than with low levels of albumin. In addition, there was a relationship between low calcium and low phosphorus levels. Therefore, factors other than, and in addition to, hypoalbuminemia seem to be responsible for the low calcium and phosphorus levels in cirrhosis patients. Although low levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D were found in 23 of our patients, there was no indication that hypovitaminosis D was causative factor in the hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia.


The paper describes the rationale design of gear continuously variable transmission, which has the form of a closed differential gear with two degrees of freedom .. Developed equations of power relationships, kinematic and geometric parameters of the transmission in the kinematics and dynamics. The synthesis of gear continuously variable transmission with constant mesh wheels on the specified operating parameters of movement


Non-radiation mode of OLED device was reduced by optimizing the distance between emissive layers to the metal cathode. Light distribution of OLED and optical properties of a light outcoupling substrate based on high refractive index microstructures were adjusted to achieve the better combination of the OLED device with the substrate. Those advanced optical design decreased non-radiative evanescent mode and waveguide mode, and realized a white OLED device with quite high light outcoupling efficiency of at least 56 % and outstandingly high efficacy of 133 lm/W at 1,000 cd/m.


Naturalism is a position not only found in contemporary epistemology and philosophy of science, but also in sociology of scientific knowledge. For the first time, this article compares philosophical and sociological naturalism. Metaphysical and epistemological resp. methodological implications are problematized, and it is shown that philosophical and sociological naturalism actually are different paradigms. Finally, there are some programmatic considerations towards the development of a comprehensive, integrated naturalism which is able to overcome the gap between philosophical and sociological accounts.


The effect is to obtain information on the use of mycorrhiza to solve the problem at Inceptisol Krueng Raya Aceh Besar. This study aims to determine the application of the best dosage of mycorrhiza and chilli varieties suitable to be cultivated on the Inceptisol Krueng Raya Aceh Besar to increase the production of chili. This study was conducted with a randomized block design with three replications. The first factor is mycorrhizal dose with four levels: without mycorrhiza (M0), mycorrhiza Glomus mosseae 5 g plant-1 (M1), mycorrhiza Glomus mosseae 10 g plant-1 (M2), mycorrhiza Glomus mosseae 15 g plant-1 (M3) and the second factor is chili variety with four levels: Odeng (V1), Lado (V2), Laris (V3), PM999 (V4). The results showed that with the use of Mycorrhiza Glomus mosseae 10 g plant-1 with the use of Odeng Varieties can increase yield on plant height (70,67), stem diameter (0,633) and fruit weight (109,22). The combination of these two treatments has been shown to solve the problems that found in inceptisol which is P available on soil. So the mycorrhizal aid can change P bound to P available to increase the production of pepper plant. * Corresponding Author: Oskar Trimananda  firstname.lastname@example.com International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research (IJAAR) ISSN: 2223-7054 (Print) 2225-3610 (Online) http://www.innspub.net Vol. 13, No. 1, p. 46-54, 2018 Int. J. Agron. Agri. R. Trimananda et al. Page 47 Introduction Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of the most important comodity and high economic value, both for export and domestic use for daily needs. Red chili fruit has a high nutrient content such as vitamin A and C, and used as a spice so popular by the community, especially in Asia (Harpenas and Dermawan, 2010). The productivity of chilli Indonesia in 2014 is very low around 8.35 ton ha-1 while in Aceh Province reaches 10.37 ton ha-1 (BPS, 2016). The low level of productivity in Aceh especially from potential results makes the researchers do various research to get the desired result. One of the usual efforts is the use of improved varieties and the use of biological agents to increase the production of pepper plants. According to Syukur et al., (2012) the use of superior seed is absolutely necessary to increase the productivity of the red pepper plant. The growing media factor is one of the important factors to increase the production of chili. Good growing media should have potential physical, chemical, and biological properties of the soil. Inceptisol has many problems such as soil fertility rates ranging from low to high. Ussually, the soil properties of inceptisol react slightly acid with low organic content and high wet saturation. The low P nutrient content is caused by clay fixation, Al, Fe, and Ca (Subagyoet al., 2000). Agreed with the statement of Muyassiret al., (2012) that on dry land has low soil fertility and low organic matter, limited availability of water in the dry season so that the land can not be utilized optimally for agriculture. One effort that can be done to solve the problem on the soil is using mycorrhizal biofertilizer. The use of mycorrhizal biofertilizer can help the nutrient uptake by plants and can improve the aggregation of soil particles. For plants, mycorrhizal biofertilizer is very useful to increase nutrient uptake of phosphate (P). According of Musfal (2008) the plants that are symbiotic with mycorrhiza able to absorb the element P is higher than plants that are not symbiotic with mycorrhiza. it is because, external mycorrhizalhifa tissue is able to expand the absorption area. Considering that there are some problem factors in Inceptisol that cause low productivity of chilli, it is necessary to test on InceptisolKrueng Raya soil with the use of various varieties of red chili with dosage of mycorrhiza so it is expected to solve the problems on the soil and increase the production of chili plants. Material and methods Experimental site of study The research was conducted in the Experimental Garden, the soil analysis was conducted at Soil and Plant Laboratory and root infection by AMF was measured at Plant Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University, Aceh, Indonesia. The study was investigated from May 2017 to January 2018. Statistical analysis This research was conducted by Randomized Block Design, with two treatment factors and three replications so there are 48 experimental units and the next test used duncan's multiple range test (DMRT) at 5% rates. Arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) This research used arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi, Glomus mosseae obtain from Plant Physiology Laboratory of Agriculture Faculty, Syiah Kuala University, Aceh, Indonesia. There were 4 levels of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi treatment: M0= without mycorrhiza, M1= mycorrhiza Glomus mosseae 5 g plant-1, M2= mycorrhiza Glomus mosseae 10 g plant-1, and M3= mycorrhiza Glomus mosseae 15 g plant-1. Treatment of chilli varieties There were 4 varieties of chilli used: V1= Odeng, V2= Lado, V3= Larisdan V4= PM999. Application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) Inoculation of mycorrhiza glomus mosseae, applied in two stages. Int. J. Agron. Agri. R. Trimananda et al. Page 48 The first stage was applied to the half-dose nursing medium according to the treatment (except without mycorrhizae not given) and the second stage was given at the time of transplanting to polybag given half dose according to treatment. Parameters The observed parameters were growth parameters (plant height, stem diameter, fresh and dry stem weight, fresh and dry root weight and mycorrhizal infected level), and production parameters (number of fruit, fruit weight, fruit length, fresh and drystem weight, fresh and dry root weight). Results and discussion Soil analysis The results of soil support analysis in Table 1. show that nutrient content in the soil almost have low nutrient level.The content of N 0.17% (low), Pavailable 5.95 mg kg-1(very low), C-organic 0.97% (very low), KTK 24.00 cmol kg-1(medium), soil pH 6.09 (slightly acidic), the conductivity of lsitrik 0.08 (low) is until the soil class texture D(clay).Soil conditions that have problems in almost every nutrient content can be improved with the use of biofertilizers such as mycorrhizal biofertilizer. Table 1. Result of analysis of supporting soil before the research conducted. Parameter Value information Reference pH H20 6.09 slightly acidic 5.5-6.5 N-total 0.17 Low 0.10-0.20 P-available 5.96 Very low <10 C-organic 0.97 Very low <1 Cation exchange capacity 24.00 Medium 17-24 Electrical conductivity 0.08 Low <8 Class texture D Clay Table 2. The result of analysis P-available on soil after harvest. Treatment Without Mycorrhiza Mycorrhiza 5 g plant-1 Mycorrhiza 10 g plant -1 Mycorrhiza 15 g plant -1 Sig. P-available 5.31 a 6.46 b 6.78 b 6.17 ab * Note: Values followed by the same letter in the same row is not significantly different according to 5% Duncan's Multiple Range Test. Significant (*). According to the results in Table 1.shows that the nutrient content in inceptisol was low and very low. This causes the problems that occur in agricultural land on inceptisol. According to Xu et al. (2016) stated that the availability of nutrients in the soil is strongly influenced by soil pH. Based on the statement, it is true that the slightly acidic soil pH on the soil of inceptisol tested causes the nutrient content of the soil to be low in both the N and P nutrient content of the soil. Table 3. The mean value of mycorrhizal infected levels in chili plants. Treatment Without Mycorrhiza Mycorrhiza 5 g plant -1 Mycorrhiza 10 g plant -1 Mycorrhiza 15 g plant -1 Sig. value 1.28 a 82.29 b 86.89 b 85.36 b ** Note: Values followed by the same letter in the same row is not significantly different according to 5% Duncan's Multiple Range Test. More significant (**). The result of soil analysis after harvest that is Pavailable soil analysis showed that P-available on inceptisol soil that has applied mycorrhizal fertilizer, gave a significant effect on mycorrhiza dose treatment on growth and yield on pepper plant (Table 2). Based on Table 2.shows that the best use of mycorrhiza is found in the use of mycorrhiza glomusmosseae 10 g plant-1 with a value of 6.87 which is very differentwith no mycorrhiza 5,31. Int. J. Agron. Agri. R. Trimananda et al. Page 49 Table 4. The mean value of mycorrhizal dose for chili plant growth. Treatment Plant height Stem diameter Fresh stem weight Dry stem weight Fresh root weight Dry root weight M0 61.58a 0.519a 33.01a 7.58a 2.87a 1.04a M1 66.58b 0.579b 39.78b 9.42b 3.43b 1.52b M2 67.00b 0.599c 39.90b 9.51b 3.51b 1.50b M3 66.75b 0.591bc 39.06b 9.28b 3.48b 1.47b Sig. ** ** ** ** ** ** Note: Values followed by the same letter in the same column is not significantly different according to 5% Duncan's Multiple Range Test.Without Mycorrhiza (M0), Mycorrhiza 5 g plant -1 (M1), Mycorrhiza 10 g plant -1 (M2), Mycorrhiza 15 g plant (M3), More significant (**). Table 5. The mean value of mycorrhiza dose for chili plant yield. Treatment Number of fruits Weight of fruit Fruit length M0 17.67 a 55.91 a 12.11 a M1 20.83 b 77.44 b 12.79 b M2 23.92 c 97.77 d 12.74 b M3 22.00 b 85.55 c 12.73 b Sig. ** ** * Note: Values followed by the same letter in the same column is not significantly different according to 5% Duncan's Multiple Range Test. Without Mycorrhiza (M0), Mycorrhiza 5 g plant-1 (M1), Mycorrhiza 10 g plant-1 (M2), Mycorrhiza 15 g plant-1 (M3), More significant (**), Significant (*). After the use of mycorrhizal fertilizer glomus mosseae showed a significant effect on P uptake on soil compared to ground not given mycorrhizal fertilizer (Table 2). It is suspected because mycorrhizal fertilizers assist the ion exchange process on soil from P-bound soil to P-available so that plants can absorb Pelements for growth process. In accordance with the statement of Syamsiyah et al., (2014) that the high P nutrient uptake in plants using myco


The generation of sound by absorption of laser light in water is analyzed for the case of lasers pulsating at high repetition rates. It is shown that pulsating the laser at any arbitrary repetition rate is, in general, not a very effective way to produce a narrow‐band signal. In order to produce a signal with a narrow frequency band, one should instead pulsate the laser at an optimum repetition rate that is determined by the optical frequency of the laser and, to a lesser extent, by the laser beam diameter. Expressions for the optimum repetition rate are derived from both a frequency domain analysis and a time domain analysis. It is found that, with the present laser technology, significant gain in signal‐to‐noise ratio can be achieved by pulsating the laser at its optimum repetition rate, as compared with the more conventional methods for generation of narrow‐band signals, such as the method of laser intensity modulation. As a result, it now seems possible to generate continuous thermoacoustic highly col...


Objective To analyze the condition of drug resistance and clinical characteristics of acinetobacter baumannnii in ICU ward for the purpose of providing reference with lower infection. Methods The distribution of endemic areas and drug resistance of acinetobacter baumannii isolated from the spcimens of the inpatients in ICU ward from January 2009 to May 2010 were analyzed retrospectively. Resluts ABA was resistant to commonly used antibiotics, the lower resistance rates to imipenem and evofloxacin were 42.4% and 46.3%. The isolated rate of panresistant stains was 7.8%. Conclusion Acinetobacter baumannii in ICU infection is most serous and the drug resistance rate was much higher. We must take preventive measures to monitoring of drug resistance in ABA and to prevent nosocomial infections with multidrug resistant strains.


In August 2004, a 42-year-old white man presented with an 8to 12-month history of chronic bilateral leg edema and nonthrombocytopenic, purpuric skin lesions; these symptoms were concurrent with intentional weight loss of 34 kg (from 136 to 102 kg), to treat obesity. The patient also complained of some increased shortness of breath on exertion, occasional dry cough, loose stools, and intermittent left-ankle arthralgia. He denied experiencing fever or night sweats. His medications includ a diuretic and potassium. He was divorced and worked as an electronic technician. Vital signs and the oxygen saturation level normal. Diffuse skin pigmentation was noted, as we e nonpalpable purpuric skin lesions on both arms (figure 1) nd bilateral leg edema below the knees with grade 2+ pitting. Hemogram findings and the sedimentation rate were normal, as were the findi g of a metabolic profile and urinalysis. The


A new multi-dimensional file structure has been developed in the course of a project to devise ways of improving the support for interactive queries to database and knowledge bases. Christened the 'BANG' file - a Balanced And Nested Grid - the new structure is of the 'grid file' type, but is fundamentally different from previous grid file designs in that it does not share their common underlying properties. It has a tree-structured directory which has the self-balancing property of a B-tree and which, in contrast to previous designs, always expands at the same rate as the data, whatever the form of the data distribution. Its partitioning strategy both accurately reflects the clustering of points in the data space, and is flexible enough to adapt gracefully to changes in the distribution.


Image compression has become a topic of increasing importance as image processing systems and applications come of age. Continuing cost improvements in computing power, storage and communications are making such systems more practical, with compression almost always included to achieve cost-effective solutions.
Subband decomposition of an image achieves energy compaction, and spatial-frequency localization. It leads to the development of a new generation of image compression techniques. Subband (wavelet) image coding, also known as multiresolution image coding, has been an active research topic over the past decade. Recent success in wavelet coding can be mainly attributed to recognition of the importance of data organization and representation strategies. These strategies improve the PSNR of wavelet coders by 1 to 3 dB over block-based image coders, such as JPEG.
In this dissertation, existing image compression techniques are reviewed, and limitations with existing algorithms are discussed. Two new techniques for multiresolution image compression are then proposed. The first technique is a novel data representation algorithm termed significance-linked connected component analysis (SLCCA) for wavelet image coding. There are four key features in the proposed SLCCA, they are: multiresolution discrete wavelet image decomposition; connected component analysis within subbands; significance-link registration across subbands; and bit-plane encoding of magnitudes of significant coefficients by adaptive arithmetic coding. Two image coding algorithms have been constructed based on SLCCA, one for lossy compression, the other for lossless compression. Extensive experiments indicate that the proposed algorithm outperforms published wavelet coding algorithms for lossy compression. The lossless algorithm outperforms the international standard--lossless JPEG, and most of the published subband lossless compression techniques.
The second technique, 1-D morpho-subband image decomposition, aims at reducing the visually annoying "ringing effect" present in linear-filter-based lossy coding algorithms at very high compression. By using a morphological filter in place of a linear filter around edges in an image, the ringing effect is greatly reduced compared to the linear-filter-based wavelet coder. In addition, 1-D morpho-subband image compression outperforms other morphological subband coders by 2-3 dB in PSNR and has greatly improved visual quality.


In order to evaluate the success of a society, measuring well-being might be a fruitful avenue. For a long time, governments have trusted economic measures, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in particular, to assess their success. However GDP is only a limited measure of economic success, which is not enough to show whether policies implemented by governments have a positive perceived impact on the people they represent. This paper belongs to the studies of the relationship between measures of well-being and economic factors. More precisely, it tries to evaluate the decrease in happiness and life satisfaction that can be observed in European countries in the 2000-2010 decade. It asks whether this deterioration is mainly due to microeconomic factors, such as income and individual characteristics, or rather to environmental (macroeconomics) factors such as unemployment, inflation or income inequality. Such aggregate factors could impact individual happiness per se because they are related to the perception of an aggregate risk of unemployment or income fall. In order to strengthen this interpretation, this paper checks whether the type of social protection regime existing in different countries mediates the impact of macroeconomic volatility on individual well-being. To go further, adopting the classification of welfare regimes proposed by Esping-Andersen (1990), it verifies whether the decreasing pattern of subjective well-being varies across these regimes. This is partly due to the aggregate social protection expenditure. Hence, this paper brings some additional evidence to the idea that macroeconomic uncertainty has a cost in terms of well-being. More protective social regimes are able to reduce this cost. It also proposes an evaluation of the welfare cost of unemployment and inflation (in terms of happiness and life satisfaction), in each of the different social protection regimes. Finally different measures of well-being, i.e. cognitive, hedonic and eudaimonic, are used to confirm the above mentioned result.


In view of large load, the shape of large crank forgings and forging process are designed reasonably. Large crank forging process is simulated by numerical simulation software DEFORM-3D to improve the forging process and the dies, including adding upsetting step and related dies. The result shows that improved process and dies can obtain higher quality finish forgings and the load reduces to a rational level, which provides basis for crank forging process and die design.


An optimal solution for implementing ADC Built-In-Self-Test into a SOC design is presented. ADC linear and dynamic testing occurs in parallel which reduces test time. A signal generator produces a ramp for linear histogram measurements and a sine-wave signal for dynamic tests. This platform permits a BIST design that is predominantly a digital solution and enables accurate testing using low silicon area.


In this supplementary material we give a full description of the treatment of astrophysical processes in our 2014 model of galaxy formation. This model is built on subhalo merger trees constructed from the Millennium and Millennium-II simulations after scaling to represent the first-year Planck cosmology. A set of coupled differential equations allow us to follow the evolution of six baryonic components. Five of these are associated with individual galaxies – a hot gas atmosphere, cold interstellar gas, a reservoir of gas ejected in winds, stars split into bulge, disk and intracluster light components, and central supermassive black holes. The sixth, diffuse primordial gas, is associated with dark matter which is not yet part of any halo. Primordial gas falls with the dark matter onto sufficiently massive halos, where it is shock-heated. The efficiency of radiative cooling then determines whether it is added directly to the cold gas of the central galaxy, or resides for a while in a hot gas atmosphere. Cold interstellar gas forms stars both quiescently and in merger-induced starbursts which also drive the growth of central supermassive black holes. Stellar evolution not only determines the photometric appearance of the final galaxy, but also heats and enriches its gas components, in many cases driving material into the wind reservoir, from which it may later fall back into the galaxy. Accretion of hot gas onto central black holes gives rise to "radio-mode" feedback, regulating condensation of hot gas onto the galaxy. Environmental processes like tidal and ram-pressure stripping and merging affect the gas components of galaxies, as well as the partition of stars between disks, bulges and the intracluster light, a diffuse component built from tidally disrupted systems. Disk and bulge sizes are estimated form simple energy and angular momentum-based arguments.


Incineration solid waste bottom ash was use to examine the suitability as a substitution in cement production. This study enveloped an innovative technology option for designing new equivalent cement that contains incineration solid waste bottom ash. The compressive strength of the samples was determined at 7, 14, 28 and 90 days. The result was compared to control cement with cement mixture containing incineration waste bottom ash where the result proved that bottom ash cement mixture able achieve its equivalent performance compared to control cement which meeting the requirement of the standards according to EN 196-1. The pozzolanic activity index of bottom ash cement mixture reached 0.92 at 28 days and 0.95 at 90 and this values can be concluded as a pozzolanic material with positive pozzolanic activity. Calcium hydroxide in Portland cement decreasing with the increasing replacement of bottom ash where the reaction occur between Ca(OH)2 and active SiO2.


There are few questions in surgery, on which so much diversity of 1^IOn ^as existed, as that regarding the propriety of Amputation spreading Gangrene, or which show in a more striking manner a(lvantages to be derived from an accurate discrimination of e varieties of disease, dependant on the causes which induce niAt an early period in the history of surgery, amputation s regarded as an effectual means of arresting the progress of on fre.ne' but from circumstances presently to be mentioned, the an+L l0!1 *nt? disrepute, and was considered by the highest


El Nino and the Southern Oscillation (ENSO) have a great impact on global climate, often with disas-trous effects in many parts of the world. The carbonate skeleton of corals record El Nino activity by tracing sea surface temperature and salinity in the oceans where they grow. As El Nino's core region is the equatorial Pacific Ocean, this is where the most direct consequences of ENSO are seen, commonly associated with temperature anomalies and changes in rain patterns. These changes affect the isotopic and elemental composition of surface ocean waters, which are in turn observed in corals in the affected regions. This review presents how oxygen isotope ratios (δ18O) in coral skeleton can be used as a proxy to determine climatic trends of El Nino in the past, mainly with a focus on the Holocene. I explain the main features of ENSO in the present, including its different phases and their effects. The function of corals and their oxygen isotopes is described, providing detailed information on what determines the δ18O values in seawater and carbonates, as well as the practical uses of coral δ18O and what it can tell us about paleoclimate. Further, I present and analyse the information obtained from coral δ18O on ENSO pat-terns in the past. Lastly, I suggest some improvements for future use of paleoclimatic methods for studying El Nino Southern Oscillation in order to give a more holistic understanding of past climate.


The eradication rate of Helicobacter pylori has declined, mainly due to antimicrobial resistance. To overcome resistance‐associated treatment failure, the efficacy of culture‐based, susceptibility‐guided therapy was demonstrated as the first‐line eradication therapy for H pylori infection.


Objective:To understand the change trend and characteristics of influenza A(H1N1) antibody level in children in Xining during epidemic period.Methods:A total of 747 children who were treated in Qinghai children's hospital were selected randomly,then venous blood specimens were collected to detect and analyze the serum level of H1N1 antibody.Results:Among the children investigated,the total positive rate of H1N1 antibody was 42.97%,the level of GMT was 1∶ 23.92.The positive rate of H1N1 antibody and GMT level in the population receiving vaccine inoculation were 93.75% and 1∶ 54.33,respectively,which were significantly higher than those in the population without vaccine inoculation(36.88% and 1∶ 19.83,respectively).Among the children without vaccine planned immunization,the positive rate of H1N1 antibody and GMT level in 9-age group and 12-age group were the highest,while the positive rate of H1N1 antibody and GMT level in 0-age group was the lowest,showing an increasing trend with age(P0.01).Conclusion:The children in Xining had a certain protective barrier after epidemic period,but the proportion of infants with protective antibody was still low.Which indicates that the infants were the key protection objects against H1N1.


'Librettology' has begun to acquire a working vocabulary. Critics now investigate the relationship between a libretto and its literary source in terms other than fidelity; a text adapted for musical setting no longer disappears from the realm of the 'literary'. Historians and musicologists are considering the role of opera librettos in cultural history, with special attention to librettos that rework historical, national or mythic themes. How operatic texts transpose and thus 're-accent' a nation's literary classics is emerging as a fruitful and still unexplored field.


A photoconductor structure processing method comprising the steps of: Processing a photoconductor structure (10) of an image forming apparatus (20), wherein the photoconductor structure (10) charge transport material (30) that is configured to conduct electrical charges, which are generated in response to receiving light, a while an electrophotographic image forming process to form a latent image on an imaging surface (20) of the photoconductor structure (10), wherein the processing comprises configuring the photoconductor structure (10) to provide a reduced migration of the charge transport material (30) to the image forming surface (20) of the photoconductor structure (10) in comparison to the migration of the charge transport material (30) to the image forming surface (20) without processing.


In this paper, an algorithm using an artificial neural network (ANN)-based direct adaptive control algorithm is presented for multi-input multi-output (MIMO) nonlinear systems with unknown output delays. This algorithm contains two parameter estimations, one for estimating unknown plant delays and the other for unknown control parameters. If the number of center frequency is enough, the predicted output signal can approximate the true delayed output, especially for large output delays. It is shown that the proposed algorithm not only can guarantee control parameter estimation convergence but can achieve the tracking purposes. Simulation studies are presented to validate the theoretical findings.


The approval by several countries of norms that assure the intellectual property rights of the obtainer of new plant varieties occurred in order to assure the international right of the obtainer, taking into account the technological advances and the high costs of research and development. In this context, this article aims to portray the main aspects of globalization that affect the adoption of protections and rights for cultivators and breeders. Within the international context, it is concluded that such crop protection and related plant biotechnology became an important instrument for the appropriation by developed countries of riew plant varieties.


THE importance of East-West European trade is underlined by the growth in this commerce in recent years. The Eastern bloc's share of world trade had risen between 1938 and 1962 from 8} per cent to 11 per cent and 5 per cent of Western (including American) trade was with the Eastern European nations.' After some initial setbacks GATT was set up in 1947 and some of the socialist States have participated in it, although they have complained of discriminatory practices. Soviet exports account for


Abstract We attempted to identify the personal characteristics that influence confidence in an investment decision in an experiment administered to 1,359 subjects nationwide. Multiple regression was used to control statistically for variation among subjects and to develop a model of investment decision confidence. The most striking finding was that women had significantly lower confidence in an investment task than men, after controlling for all other relevant variables and characteristics including the amount of the investment decision itself. Familiarity with and present attitude about investing in the stock market, college credit hours in accounting and finance, experience in evaluating common stocks, the current level of the stock market, and the investment decision itself (the amount to be invested) were also found to be significant. Age, value of personal portfolio, years of college, and years of business experience were not significant characteristics.


Based on a discussion on the concept of seismic reservoirs and the main research content at different stages, this paper has dealt with the applying conditions of such seismic reservoir techniques as interpoststack processing, utilization of logging data, horizon calibration, fine interpretation of 3D seismic data, horizon auto picking, bedding slice, fault horizon, coherence algorithm, multi-line profiles, 3D volume visualization, prediction of seismic reservoir parameters, hydrocarbon monitoring, analysis of seismic attributes, geological statistics and time lapse seismic reservoir monitoring. Suggestions are also made concerning further researches on seismic reservoirs.


This paper presents an event model which describes the data structures that are realised in mobile computing. The model is divided into two different types, namely atomic events and composite events, and provides the means for the classification and package of events. From the perspective of complex networks, a kind of event choreography network(ECN) is constructed, a formal definition is proposed for event ontology, and ECN construction and its features are analyzed. The results show that ECN simplifies the analysis of choreography relationship between multiple event nodes.


Early Onset Scoliosis (EOS) is a spinal deformity which tends to increase during growth. The current treatment involves the use of growing rods, fitted to the spine which can be extended manually by the surgeon semiannually, requiring invasive surgeries. This paper presents a new smart medical device namely, Smart Growing Rod (SGR), that proposes treating EOS with less invasive procedures to minimize the complications associated with the current techniques as well as reducing cost and improving treatment control. This innovative device will have an internal control system, allowing the growing rod to be adjusted based on neural network estimated monthly growth value and a pressure sensor, which determines when the optimum length has been reached. This study investigates the proposed SGR for the treatment of EOS via testing our prototype SGR with scoliosis model and also with a spine finite element model. The results of those models are very promising and demonstrate system function and effectiveness for treatment of EOS.


Abstract Alex Leupen has worked in the Homeopathic Doctors Centre in Utrecht, the Netherlands, since 1990. Eight colleagues work in this center, including Jan Scholten. Alex is an experienced teacher on the underlying systems in the plant families, animal kingdom, nosodes, fungi and the periodic table of the elements pertaining to homeopathic practice. In this column he shares clinical tips.


The severity of primary infections of apple scab (Venturia inaequalis) is mainly determined by three components: the amount of primary inoculum, climatic conditions, and the amount of unprotected susceptible leaves. Prediction tools are available for the first two components but there are no tools to predict the emergence of apple leaves. The objective of this study was to develop degree-day models to predict emergence of both cluster and terminal shoot leaves during the primary scab period. The number of leaves per shoot was monitored during the primary infection period from 2003 to 2005 on three replicate apple trees of the cultivar Summerland McIntosh grafted on different rootstocks (M.9, MM.111, M.26) at one site and on trees of the cultivars Cortland, Empire, Lobo, McIntosh, Paulared and Spartan at two sites. There were no significant differences in the area under the leaf emergence curve (AULEC) for the different rootstocks and cultivars. The models were thus developed on data pooled over years, sit...


This chapter aims to introduce the concept of fracture mechanics and numerical approaches to solve interacting cracks problems in solid bodies which involves elastic crack interaction. The elastic crack interaction is a result of changes in stress field distribution as the applied force is given during remote loading. The main emphasis is to address the computational evaluation on mechanistic models based on crack tip displacement, stress fields and energy flows for multiple cracks. This chapter start with a brief discussion on fracture and failure that promoted by interacting cracks from industrial cases to bring the issues of how important the crack interaction behaviour is. The present fracture and failure mechanism is assumed to exhibit the brittle fracture. Thus, the concept of linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) is discussed regarding the crack interaction model formulation. As the elastic crack interaction is concerned, the previous analytical and numerical solution of crack interaction are elaborated comprehensively corresponds to fitness-for-service (FFS) as published by ASME boiler and pressure vessel code (Section XI, Articles IWA-3330), JSME fitness-for-service code and BSI PD6493 and BS7910. A new computational fracture mechanics algorithm is developed by adopting stress singularity approach in finite element (FE) formulation. The result of developed approach is discussed based on the crack interaction limit (CIL) aspects and crack unification limit (CUL) in pertinent to the equality of two cracks to single crack rules in FFS. As a conclusion, the FE formulated approach was found to be at agreeable accuracy with analytical formulation and FFS at certain range of crack interval.


As the most commonly used method of reducing large-scale datasets, simple random sampling usually causes the loss of some clusters when dealing with unevenly distributed dataset. A density biased sampling algorithm based on grid can solve these defects, but both the efficiency and effect of sampling can be affected by the granularity of grid division. To overcome the shortcoming, a density biased sampling algorithm based on variable grid division was proposed. Every dimension of original dataset was divided according to the corresponding distribution, and the structure of the constructed grid was matched with the distribution of original dataset. The experimental results show that density biased sampling based on variable grid division can achieve higher quality of sample dataset and uses less execution time of sampling compared with the density biased sampling algorithm based on fixed grid division.


Contemporary leadership theories such as transformational leadership prescribe a universalistic approach for how leaders should behave in order to be effective and likable, but are these leadership...


The present invention, silica fine particles, a coating material containing a siloxane compound and a curing agent, the case of forming a coating film by coating material, a siloxane-based coating composition resulting coating is homogenized. The present invention has good storage stability, and surface hardness of the coating film obtained in the case of forming a coating film is high siloxane coating is provided by the paint. The present invention has excellent antireflection property, provide superior optical article scratch resistance.


Primary lung cancer accounts for approximately 14% of all new cancers and 28% of cancer deaths in the U.S. Previous reviews have shown limited progress in the management or outcome of this devastating disease.


The invention relates to a comprehensive factory-like circulation production method of pleurotus eryngii, and relates to the technical field of fungus plantation. By utilizing liquid cultures, the production efficiency of the pleurotus eryngii and the little oyster mushroom, pleurotus cornucopiae or pleurotus geesteranus is greatly improved, the amount of used labor and floor space are reduced, and cost is reduced. Due to the facts that local cotton stalks are utilized for producing the pleurotus eryngii, and a large number of waste mushroom dregs produced after the pleurotus eryngii is produced serve as main cultivating materials of little oyster mushroom, pleurotus cornucopiae or pleurotus geesteranus, cost is greatly reduced, and environmental pollution is removed. A semi-underground mushroom house is adopted for full-year little oyster mushroom, pleurotus cornucopiae or pleurotus geesteranus industrialized production, the limited problem that a traditional greenhouse is affected by seasons is solved, and the yield and quality of mushroom products are improved. Fuel and labor are saved by utilizing a normal-pressure energy-saving sterilization cabinet. The waste mushroom dregs produced by the common edible mushroom production are manufactured into biomass pressing block fuel, fodder, marsh gas, organic fertilizer and the like. The comprehensive factory-like circulation production method is a comprehensive circulation production and circulation utilization environment-friendly production method.


This paper briefly introduces the basic situation of Cetian Reservoir, and in the light of the problems existing in current reservoir management, probes into the necessity of danger removal and dam reinforcement of Cetian Reservoir and its priliminary design scheme.


Translation study is no longer seen as the product where the analysis stays on the strategy and method. Further, the process can be analyzed through both the source text and the target text. What can be seen here is the factors influences the translator in translating or reproducing the text. Translation study has found its close relationship with Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). There are many studies conducted by previous researcher who have successfully liked translation study and CDA. Therefore this research also tries to prove the link between translation study and CDA. Its focus is to determine the translator's ideology in translating news headlines. The researcher randomly took 20 news headlines from B2B, a news website, in order to get the authentic data. The news headlines taken as the data are translated by one translator. This analysis is based on the first model of method proposed by Al-Hejin adopted from Norman Fairclough. The finding shows that the translator transmitted her ideology and view point into the translated news headlines. It was indicated from the analysis of textual dimension which includes diction, grammatical form, thematization, as well as addition and omission. From the result found, the translator tried to attract the readers by 'extreme' diction and grammatical form as well as omission and addition. Keywords—Critical Discourse Analysis; ideology; news headline; Norman Fairclough; translation


This paper presents a study of EM wave propagation in underground pipeline. The aim of this work is to analyze the attenuation of EM wave in the pipelines caused by different dielectric mediums and conditions. The effects of EM wave frequency, attenuation, and medium conductivity are discussed. The optimum frequencies for minimum attenuation in different mediums were determined. This result will help establish efficient wireless communication in deep underground pipelines.


https://doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2021.3.2.0137 Abstract Mosquitoes can act as vectors for many viruses and parasites through carrying these organisms from person to person. Although great number of natural products are lethal to mosquitoes, but few researches are conducted to understand the magnitude of the behavioral response to these plant parts. The objectives of this study were to screen the phytochemical and other chemical components from ginger rhizome in addition to test their aqueous and ethanol extracts on mosquito's larvae. The standard methods, materials and devices were used to screen the phytochemical components and the chemical constituents (GC-MS). The aqueous and the ethanol extracts from clove pods were prepared and used against Anopheles, Culex and Aedes larvae. The results of the aqueous extract showed that, the LC 50 was 153.77 mg/L for Anopheles larvae, 179.05 mg/L for Culex larvae, and 208.37 mg/L for Aedes larvae, also the ethanol extract of ginger rhizome was more potent than the aqueous extract. The biocidal activity can be attributed to the presence of saponins, flavonoids, glycosides, alkaloids and steroids. The GC-MS for the hexane extract showed the presence of alkaloid: gingerol (18%) and eugenyl acetate- (19%) that gives the sweet aromatic, spicy taste, but the ethanol extract detected gingerol (43%) and zingiberene (14%). The obtained data will be useful to understand the mechanisms and reasons of biocidal activity of ginger rhizome against the tested mosquito's


This study aims to analyze the implementation of public services during the Covid-19 pandemic at the Bukittinggi City Tourism, Youth and Sports Office, analyze the quality of public services that were hindered by the Covid-19 pandemic at the Bukittinggi City Tourism, Youth and Sports Office and analyze the factors that influence public services during the Covid-19 pandemic at the Bukittinggi City Tourism, Youth and Sports Office. This type of research is qualitative with a descriptive method and was carried out at the Office of Tourism, Youth, and Sports of Bukittinggi City and the technique used in testing the validity of the data is by using triangulation techniques. The results of this study are 1. The implementation of public services during the Covid-19 pandemic at the Tourism, Youth, and Sports Office of Bukittinggi City, namely productivity, service quality, responsiveness, responsibility, and accountability, 2. The quality of public services that are hindered by the Covid-19 pandemic 19 at the Tourism, Youth, and Sports Office of the City of Bukittinggi, namely the delivery of service information through information bulletin boards and pamphlets, improving the online service delivery system, and increasing the competence of service implementers. 3. The factors that affect public services during the Covid-19 pandemic at the Tourism, Youth and Sports Office of Bukittinggi City are the right policy response in the tourism sector, careful planning, sustainable cooperation, quality MSME products, and socializing return to the tourism sector through the media.


In 1983, the U.S. Supreme Court decision in Briscoe v. LaHue provided a comprehensive analysis of the rationale and bases for witness immunity. Since that decision, courts have wrestled with the extent of immunity for adverse, court-appointed, or "friendly" expert witnesses. Following Briscoe, the Washington Supreme Court in 1989 first addressed friendly expert immunity in Bruce v. Byrne-Stevens. In the Bruce decision, the court granted an expert immunity to suit by his former client who had hired the expert for litigation support. While six states have addresses friendly expert immunity since Bruce, all refuse to grant immunity to friendly experts. For several reasons, courts should adopt the Bruce approach and grant immunity from suit for friendly experts. First, the claimant had control over the expert selection, retention, and extent of review. Second, liability inappropriately results in expert self-censorship, either by not agreeing to serve as an expert or by shading of testimony. Third, immunity better serves the judicial interest in finality of dispute resolution. Finally, the reasons for denying immunity in the post-Bruce case law fail to persuade after critical scrutiny. Courts should reject post-Bruce expert liability exposure, and grant immunity to experts against suits from their former clients.


The Moon's center of mass is displaced from its center of figure about 2 km in a roughly earthward direction. Most maria are on the side of the Moon which faces the Earth. It is assumed that the Moon was initially spherically symmetric. The emplacement of mare basalts transfers mass which produces most of the observed center of mass displacement toward the Earth. The cause of the asymmetric distribution of lunar maria was examined. The Moon is in a spin orbit coupled relationship with the Earth and the effect of the Earth's gravity on the Moon is asymmetric. The earth-facing side of the Moon is a gravitational favored location for the extrusion of mare basalt magma in the same way that the topographically lower floor of a large impact basin is a gravitationally favored location. This asymmetric effect increases inversely with the fourth power of the Earth Moon distance. The history of the Earth-Moon system includes: formation of the Moon by accretion processes in a heliocentric orbit ner that of the Earth; a gravitational encounter with the Earth about 4 billion years ago resulting in capture of the Moon into a geocentric orbit and heating of the Moon through dissipation of energy related to tides raised during close approaches to the Earth(5) to produce mare basalt magma; and evolution of the Moon's orbit to its present position, slowly at first to accommodate more than 500 million years during which magmas were extruded.


e17002 Background: Squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity (SCCOC) is characterized by marked geographical differences in frequency and site distribution. Pakistan is situated within the high risk zone on the global oral cancer map. However, no reliable data exists on oral cancer in this area. Our aim was to determine clinicopathological features and patterns at presentation of primary SCCOC in a comprehensive cancer centre in Pakistan.

METHODS
Demographic, risk factors, pathological and AJCC staging data for SCCOC treated at Shaukat Khanum Memorial Hospital for the period November 2003-October 2008 were obtained from the head and neck unit database.

RESULTS
The database identified 666 patients with biopsy proven primary SCCOC. Mean age was 53 years (range 12 - 90 years). Male (428): Female (238) ratio was M64%:F36%. The occurrence of major risk factors for oral cancer specifically smoking, betel quid chewing, naswar (smokeless tobacco) and alcohol use in males (428) was 45% (193), 28% (118), 29% (126), 3% (13), and in females (238) was 8% (20), 29% (68), 13% (30), 0% (0), respectively. Thirty-eight percent (411/666) had no association with tobacco, betel quid or alcohol use. Subsite within oral cavity; anterior tongue 41.1% (274), buccal mucosa 26.6% (177), lower gingival and alveolus 19.5% (130), upper gingival and alveolus 4.1% (27), lips 3.6% (24), retromolar trigone 2.9% (19), hard palate 1.7% (11), and floor mouth 0.6 (4). Broder's/World Health Organization histological grade; grade I 52% (334), grade II 34% (226), grade III 7% (49), and unknown 5% (36). According to AJCC 2002 system 0.2% (1), 10.8% (72), 12.2% (81), 13.2% (88), and 63.7% (420) had stage 0, I, II, III, and IV, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
Approximately 80% of patients with primary SCCOC present with stage III or IV disease with anterior tongue as the most common subsite in our hospital. While tobacco and betel quid chewing can be attributed to development of SCCOC in a significant proportion of patients, nearly 38% are unlinked to typical risks factors suggesting other environmental and genetic agents as etiological factors in this region. No significant financial relationships to disclose.


In this paper the author, besides introductory remarks, particularly presents the most radical changes and additions to the Law on arms and ammunition by the end of 1998 regarding article 33. The author points to the following issues the basic form of the criminal act, more severe forms of this criminal act, some comparative-legal solutions of the criminal act incrimination regarding arms and ammunition. In the conclusive consideration, the author emphasizes that our legislator had foreseen very efficient criminal-legal system for prevention and control of these forms of unlawful behavior.


The novel electro-photographically produced offset printing plate comprises an electrically conductive dimensionally stable substrate (A), at least one photoconductive layer (B) and a printing surface (C) composed of hydrophilic, water-bearing, unprinted tonered areas (c1) and oleophilic, colour-bearing printing untonered areas (c2). The novel offset printing plate can be made by the prior art manner making use of hydrophilic toner or toner which can be easily hydrophilised chemically by conversion with suitable reagents, thermo-chemically by heating and/or photo or radio-chemically by irradiation with electromagnetic or particle radiation.


* From the Laboratory of Aviation and Naval Medicine, Department of Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, and the Department of Diagnostic Roentgenology, Karolinska Sjukhuset, School of Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden. Arterial punctures are becoming increasingly common in clinical routine work, e.g., for injection of x-ray contrast media or for taking blood samples. Improvements and simplifications of the technique are of importance to facilitate a smooth and prompt insertion of a suitable


We prepared the Al doped ZnO (AZO) thin film on polyethersulfon (PES) without any substrate heating by Facing Targets Sputtering (FTS) system. FTS system has two different facing targets. One is ZnO doped the content of Al 2 wt% and the other is Zn in order to decrease resistivity. The electrical, structural and optical properties of AZO thin films were investigated. To evaluate the as-deposited thin film properties, we employed four-point probe (CMT-R100nw, Changmin), Surface profiler (Alpha-step, Tencor), UV/VIS spectrometer (HP), X-ray diffractometer (XRD, Rigaku) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM, Hitachi S-4700). As a result, We obtained that AZO thin film deposited on PES substrate at a DC Power of 150 W, working pressure of 1 mTorr and gas flow ratio of 0.2 exhibited the resistivity of and the optical transmittance of about 85 % in the visible range.


In recent years, passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) has become increasingly popular. Many acoustic indices (AIs) have been proposed for rapid biodiversity assessment (RBA), however, most acoustic indices have been reported to be susceptible to abiotic sounds such as wind or rain noise when biotic sound is masked, which greatly limits the application of these acoustic indices. In this work, in order to take an insight into the influence mechanism of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) on acoustic indices, four most commonly used acoustic indices, i.e., the bioacoustic index (BIO), the acoustic diversity index (ADI), the acoustic evenness index (AEI), and the acoustic complexity index (ACI), were investigated using controlled computational experiments with field recordings collected in a suburban park in Xuzhou, China, in which bird vocalizations were employed as typical biotic sounds. In the experiments, different signal-to-noise ratio conditions were obtained by varying biotic sound intensities while keeping the background noise fixed. Experimental results showed that three indices (acoustic diversity index, acoustic complexity index, and bioacoustic index) decreased while the trend of acoustic evenness index was in the opposite direction as signal-to-noise ratio declined, which was owing to several factors summarized as follows. Firstly, as for acoustic diversity index and acoustic evenness index, the peak value in the spectrogram will no longer correspond to the biotic sounds of interest when signal-to-noise ratio decreases to a certain extent, leading to erroneous results of the proportion of sound occurring in each frequency band. Secondly, in bioacoustic index calculation, the accumulation of the difference between the sound level within each frequency band and the minimum sound level will drop dramatically with reduced biotic sound intensities. Finally, the acoustic complexity index calculation result relies on the ratio between total differences among all adjacent frames and the total sum of all frames within each temporal step and frequency bin in the spectrogram. With signal-to-noise ratio decreasing, the biotic components contribution in both the total differences and the total sum presents a complex impact on the final acoustic complexity index value. This work is helpful to more comprehensively interpret the values of the above acoustic indices in a real-world environment and promote the applications of passive acoustic monitoring in rapid biodiversity assessment.


Stable economic development is achieved when administration and employees of industrial enterprises constantly and continuously study. A model of advanced professional training and practical studies was suggested for industrial enterprise employees based on federal or national research universities. Suggested model enables to intensify integration of applied and fundamental science and bring competitive domestic projects in different spheres into common use in industry. It also makes it possible to form a unique industry-specific research and educational environment in the field of chemistry and technology based on training of scientific brainpower and industrial personnel; and to assist modernization of industry. Educational systems have higher social and economic characteristics than the corresponding autonomic structures; therefore the model is an innovation in the continuous professional education.


Clinical and laboratory findings were examined in eight patients with nonobstructive intraventricular pressure differences resulting from catheter entrapment in obliterated apical portions of the left ventricular cavity. Cardiorespiratory symptoms were reported by six of the eight patients; three had angina pectoris, and two had experienced syncope. A soft systolic ejection murmur was noted at the cardiac apex or left sternal edge, or at both sites, in each patient at rest or following exercise; no patient had a bifid systolic arterial pulse contour. Paradoxical splitting of the second heart sound with respiration did not occur. In five patients the cardiac index was substantially elevated. In four, an intraventricular pressure difference was present in the basal state, while in the remaining four a pressure difference was elicited by the Valsalva maneuver and isoproterenol. In each patient the arterial pulse pressure consistently increased in the beat following a ventricular extrasystole, and angiographic evidence of left ventricular outflow obstruction was not observed. In all patients, obliteration of the apical portion of the left ventricular cavity during systole was demonstrated angiographically to result from an extreme degree of systolic emptying. Left ventricular hypertrophy was demonstrated angiographically in six patients, four of whom exhibited asymmetric hypertrophy, predominantly involving the interventricular septum. In two patients no abnormality of the left ventricular cavity contour was apparent. These clinical, hemodynamic, and angiographic findings allow differentiation of patients with nonobstructive pressure differences from those with hypertrophic subaortic stenosis.


An impedimetric transducer based on an interdigitated electrode array (IDEA) modified with polyethyleneimine was used to study interactions with bacteria present in a sample solution. Bacteria immobilization on the sensor surface affects the surface charge and produces changes in the superficial impedance. The sensor surface was chemically modified by layer-by-layer (LbL) method with oppositely charged polyelectrolyte layers by alternating polyethyleneimine (PEI) and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS). Escherichia coli gram-negative bacteria were employed as a model for sensitivity and response time evaluation. Bacteria were immobilized on IDEA with PEI-PSS-PEI multilayer taking into account the ability of PEI to react chemically with outer membrane compounds of gram-negative bacteria and thus improve purely electrostatic interactions. Detection limit of the sensor was found to be as low as 101 cfu/mL in E. coli cultures with response time around 20 minutes. In order to introduce a biorecognition element by bacterial detection, the lectin Concanavalin A (ConA) was deposited on IDEA surface through PEI-ConA interaction, achieving a detection limit of 104 cfu/mL. The strategies developed show the possibility to achieve highly sensitive and rapid detection of bacteria using IDEA transducers.


One of the most significant issues hindering the development of autonomous mobile robotic systems today is the lack of appropriate sensors for collecting high-resolution geometric information describing the robot's surroundings. Scanning laser rangefinders have found use in this regard, primarily in outdoor scenarios, and numerous configurations are being developed by several companies. The physical size, power consumption, and high initial cost of these prototype units make them somewhat impractical for near-term utilization on the smaller platforms typical of indoor applications. Simpler and much less expensive ultrasonic ranging systems have been employed with some limited success, principally for purposes of collision avoidance. Such systems suffer markedly, however, from numerous problems associated with the temperature dependence of the speed of sound in air, extremely slow wave propagation velocities, specular reflection of the emitted wavefront, and especially poor angular resolution due to beam divergence. This article discusses the design and testing of a low-cost, programmable near-infrared proximity detector intended specifically to address some of those problems when used for navigational purposes in a complementary fashion with acoustical ranging systems. The experimental prototype was installed on a mobile robot, and both sonar and near-infrared data were captured on various scans as the robot was moved through a room full of obstacles. By combining the best features from each sensor, a representation can be built that is more accurate than if either sensor were used alone. A second representation, based on the curvature primal sketch, can then be obtained from this refined map. This allows for matching between views, and also for creating an interface to a higher level program, such as a path planner.


Based on FLUENT,the cold flow field in YJ-Q combustor is simulated.Comparing with the result of experiment,the result of numerical simulation show that the longer the flue gas flow through,the better the effect of heat transfer is,the neck of the combustor's chamber is very important to sustain the combustion.


The investigation will deal with the incidence of refractive and pathological problems due to the exposure of the chemical elements they use in their respective workplaces. We will talk about the lack of information that each one of the professionals of the beauty guild of the May 27 of the Babahoyo canton possess, which is an important factor due to the fact that they present different symptoms at eye level because of the components that contain their products. Daily use, which they are experiencing by not using proper eye protection when performing their different work activities. The objective of this research is that the different professionals of the guild become aware and seek to learn more about the compositions of the products they use so that they have better visual and general health. Using in the methodological part the deductive and inductive and descriptive methods using retrospective and prospective data because of the problem. Due to the fact that there is no 100% eye protection, professionals from the beauty guild of May 27 have experienced eye discomfort (burning, tearing, stinging and redness) at the time of carrying out their activities with products that contain chemical elements that alter their view. Conclusions. - The lack of knowledge of the respective components of the products and the non-use of a proper protection, makes the guild professionals present constant symptoms in their workplace.


Chromatographic signals have a specific microscopic behaviour which enables to statistically model the retention time of molecules. Such microscopic point of view is adopted in this paper for addressing the inverse problem of chromatographic profiles inference in a Nonparametric Bayesian framework in order to propose an automatic unsupervised alternative to the traditional chemometrics methods. An application on inference on the concentration of micropollutants in lake water highlights the relevance of this approach when the studied mixture contains an unknown number of components.


Trypanosoma evansi is a protozoa which causes Trypanosomiasis or surra. The protozoa result in livestock economic loss, especially, cows and buffaloes. Buffaloes are the importance reservoirs. The objective of this study was aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with Trypanosoma evansi (T.evansi) infection in buffalos of Eastern Thailand. The samples were collected from buffalo blood during July - December 2016. Samples was selected by simple random technique. There were 153 samples, 51 samples from Sa Kaeo province, 48 samples from Chachoengsao provinces and 54 samples from Chonburi province. The overall prevalence of T. evansi infection was 5.25 %. The highest prevalence was found in Chachoengsao province (16.67%) while the disease was not found in Sa Kaeo and Chonburi province. Experimental results found that the area was significantly related to T. evansi infection (p<0.05). However, the other factors; number of buffaloes, age and gender, were not related to the T. evansi infection. Analysis of factors, which affected to be Trypanosomiasis in buffaloes of Eastern Thailand. Consist of two factors, the first factor is vaccination.  The study results indicated that vaccination six months before sampling increased possibility of T. evansi infection more than unvaccinated. The second factor is insect vector. The farms with insect vector had more chance in T. evansi infection than those without insect vector. In Chachoengsao province, the additional factor to increase T. evansi infection was raising buffaloes with other animals.


Archive report on a newly discovered diary of a Victorian bookbinder and paper manufacturer. The diary offers a fascinating glimpse into the domestic and political life of a Victorian radical.


An interesting application of neural networks in man-machine systems is the identification of human operator behavior by observation. A network trained to emulate human strategies may subsequently be used to monitor the human online, to detect possibly dangerous system states and set alarms, or to take over automatically in cases of emergency. The feasibility of this approach is studied using the navigation of a vehicle through an obstacle course as a paradigm. Network architectures for vehicle control and path optimization are developed and tested. This includes a novel technique called functional-link net. The functionality of a demonstrator prototype is described


To evaluate the effects of sleep habits on the powers of beta waves and the sensory motor rhythm of the electroencephalogram (EEG), female college student subjects were divided into four groups, according to their sleep habits, as follows: GSHG (Good Sleep Habit Group), CSHG (Common Sleep Habit Group: late bedtime), CSDG (Cognitive Sleep Disorder-Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome Group), and NSDG (Non-cognitive Sleep Disorder-Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome Group). Brain function was stimulated by reading a book for 3 min in the morning (9~12 am) and the EEG was measured. According to the results, the powers of the beta waves and sensory motor rhythm were not different during the resting period among the four groups. However, during the reading stimulation period, the powers of beta waves and the sensory motor rhythm in the GSHG were significantly greater than in the other groups (p<0.05). Beta powers during stimulation also increased in all brain areas in the GSHG (p<0.05). Interestingly, these were decreased in the frontal and temporal lobes in the CSHG by the reading stimulation (p<0.05). On the other hand, sensory motor rhythm, which represents focusing efficacy, only improved in the GSHG. These results indicate that the brain's focusing function during the reading stimulation was not properly operating in the morning in the female college students who had a delayed bedtime and bad sleep habits.


Jalropha curcas L. is an important biomass energy plant,its seed harvest and storage is an important link of Jatropha production process.During the process,existence of storage pests will result in negative effects.On this background,a literature review was conducted to summarize the storage pests of Jatropha in aspects of the species composition,damage characteristics,morphological feature,occurrence regularity and control countermeasures,in order to offer technical information for the Jatropha curcas L.production.


Cultural differences between urban and rural areas make the level of basic socialization of college students from rural areas lower.There must be role incongruence,role conflict,role strain and role failure etc,in their continuous socialization,because of their low cognitive level,low comprehending and role-play ability.Through the comparison of the cultural differences between urban and rural areas,the causes that lead to the role incongruence of college students from rural areas were analyzed.On this basis,suggestions were made on the harmonious reconstruction of multiple roles of college students from rural areas by eliminating the cultural differences and promoting cultural integration of urban and rural areas,so as to realize the healthy development of rural students and maintain social and university stability.


Substantial efforts have been dedicated to understanding, assessing, and managing suicide risk in youth broadly. However, little attention has been focused specifically on autistic youth and youth with intellectual disability. Because emergency departments are an essential point of suicide-related care, we used the National Emergency Department Sample databases to explore differences in prevalence of U.S. emergency department visits with a suicidal ideation or intentional self-inflicted injury ICD-9 diagnostic code by autistic youth, youth with intellectual disability, and youth without these diagnoses (i.e. the comparison group). Emergency department visits with a suicidal ideation or intentional self-inflicted injury diagnosis were more prevalent in autistic youth (5.1%) and youth with intellectual disability (6.6%) than in the comparison group (1.2%). Similar results were found when examining visits with a suicidal ideation diagnosis and with an intentional self-inflicted injury diagnosis separately. Prevalence of these emergency department visits increased more from 2006 to 2014 in autistic youth and in youth with intellectual disability than in the comparison group and were correlated with common and distinct sociodemographic and clinical factors across groups. Results suggest autistic youth and youth with intellectual disability may be uniquely vulnerable to suicide risk, highlighting the urgency of addressing suicidality and self-harm in these groups, particularly within emergency department settings. Lay abstract Youth suicide is a major problem in the United States and globally, but little is known about suicide risk in autistic youth and youth with intellectual disability specifically. Using data from the National Emergency Department Sample, which is the largest database of emergency department visits in the United States, we found that emergency department visits with a suicidal ideation or intentional self-inflicted injury diagnosis were more common in autistic youth and youth with intellectual disability than in youth without these diagnoses (i.e. the comparison group). This was true when examining both suicidal ideation diagnoses and intentional self-inflicted injury diagnoses at emergency department visits. In addition, the number of emergency department visits with a suicidal ideation or intentional self-inflicted injury diagnosis increased more from 2006 to 2014 in autistic youth and youth with intellectual disability compared with the comparison group. We also found both similarities and differences when examining factors, such as age, sex, and co-occurring mental health conditions, related to emergency department visits with a suicidal ideation or intentional self-inflicted injury diagnosis across groups that may be helpful for understanding suicide risk. It is urgent that we improve our understanding, assessment, and treatment of suicidality and self-harm in these groups through more research and clinical efforts.


A quinoxaline antibiotic triostin A has a bicyclic octadepsipeptide structure. Proton and carbon‐13 nmr spectra showed the presence of two symmetrical conformations favoring polar and nonpolar solvents, respectively. They interconvert slowly on the nmr time scale, and this slow interconversion is due to the cooperative effects of the presence of the quinoxaline ring and the N‐methyl peptide bonds. Reversal of the chirality of the disulfide bond as the origin of the slow exchange was excluded by the presence of two conformers for S‐benzyltriostin A. Conformer 2, which favors the polar solvent, can form hydrogen‐bonded complexes with purine nucleoside derivatives in organic solvents, but conformer 1 does not. The binding sites were elucidated and a mode of interaction with DNA proposed.


Dual antiplatelet therapy is the usual standard of care post-percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)1 . Nevertheless, in patients who are receiving concurrent systemic anticoagulation, there is a growing concern that the bleeding risk with the resulting triple antithrombotic therapy (TAT) may outweigh any potential benefits. This is further supported by the recognition that bleeding events post-PCI are associated with worse overall outcomes.2 This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Partitional clustering poses a NP hard search problem for non-trivial problems. While genetic algorithms (GA) have been very popular in the clustering field, particle swarm optimization (PSO) and differential evolution (DE) are rather unknown. We report results of a performance comparison between a GA, PSO and DE for a medoid evolution clustering approach. Our results show that DE is clearly and consistently superior compared to GAs and PSO, both in respect to precision and robustness of the results for hard clustering problems. We conclude that DE rather than GAs should be primarily considered for tackling partitional clustering problems with numerical optimization.


In the study of electron trapping in silicon dioxide, a turn‐around effect in the flatband voltage shift as a function of injected electrons has been reported. Most of the reported work was on capacitors with aluminum gates. When polycrystalline silicon gates were used, very little electron trapping and turn‐around effect was observed. The difference was explained by the decrease in the density of water related traps after the additional high temperature process in polycrystalline silicon deposition and doping. In the present experiment, gate metals other than aluminum were used. It was shown that even though the density of electron traps was not changed significantly, a large turn‐around effect was only observed when the aluminum gate was used. This result seems to imply that aluminum is mostly responsible for the slow state generation and turn‐around effect.


A new method of localized structural health monitoring is presented, which utilizes an invariance property of transmission zeros of localized transfer functions. The present localized transfer functions are obtained by transforming the partitioned dynamic flexibility matrix in terms of elemental or substructure! strains and their conjugate input forces. Health monitoring is thus accomplished via monitoring of the transmission zeros of localized dynamic flexibility matrices. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the utility of the proposed method.


Two coordination polymers constructed from magnesium and the tetratopic organic linker 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid are reported, denominated CPO-26-Mg and CPO-27-Mg. The organic component carries two different types of protic functional groups. The degree of deprotonation of the organic component can be regulated by the amount of sodium hydroxide employed in the synthesis, thus determining which of the compounds forms. In CPO-26-Mg, only the carboxylic acid groups of the linker are deprotonated and take part in the construction of the three-dimensional framework. The structure is non-porous, and its topology is based on the PtS net. In CPO-27-Mg, both the carboxylic acid and the hydroxy groups are deprotonated and involved in the construction of a microporous three-dimensional framework which is based on a honeycomb motif containing large solvent-filled channels. The metal atoms are arranged in chiral chains along the intersection of the honeycomb and contain one water molecule in their coordination sphere, which allows for the creation of coordinatively unsaturated metal sites upon dehydration. CPO-27-Mg is a potentially useful lightweight adsorbent with a pore volume of 60 % of the total volume of the structure and an apparent Langmuir surface area of up to 1030 m2 g–1. Its thermal stability was investigated by thermogravimetry and variable-temperature powder X-ray diffraction, which shows framework degradation to commence at 160 °C in air, at 235 °C under nitrogen, and at 430 °C in a dynamic vacuum. Thermogravimetric dehydration and re-hydration experiments at miscellaneous temperatures indicate that it is possible to obtain open metal sites in CPO-27-Mg, but the water is more tightly bound in this material than in the previously reported isostructural nickel compound.(© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)


Objective To design the cyclone separator of cyclone sampling head,which conforms to our country′s dust sampling curve-BMRC curve.Methods The cyclone dust extractor′s theoretical design method was applied in the design of cyclone separator,and Barth,Leith formula were used to design cyclone separator.Results The tube body diameter was 9.2 mm and 8.7 mm,respectively,which were designed by Barth and Leith formula.Conclusion According to two kinds of formula′s computed results,the tube body diameter determination is 9 mm,which can meet the related standard requirements basically.


The Hydrophobicity mean the compounds which insoluble in water i.e., hate the water (not love the water). May be these compounds are lipid soluble, but not actually. This means these compounds may across the cell membrane of the cell. This transport of compounds through, simple diffusion, passive transport (active transport), transport by carrier (amino acids carrier), pinocytosis. And the binding of drugs with tissue (may be receptors or tissue reservoir as (fatty tissue and lipid soluble vitamins) and the carbohydrates (glucose convert to glycogen in the liver).


The variation of mixing power consumption of China railway track system(CRTS)Ⅰ type ballastless slab tracks cement and emulsified asphalt(CA) mortar with time was tested.The derivative and fluctuation of mixing power comsumption were analyzed.Results show that based on the characteristic of mixing power consumption curve,the mixing of CA mortar can be divided into 6 stages,i.e.the liquid homogenization,the formation of dry granule,the dry granule homogenization,the soakage of dry granule,the break of dry granule and the suspension homogenization.Furthermore,based on the characteristic of fluctuation curve of mixing power consumption,the mixing can be divided into 3 homogenization zones,i.e.the liquid homogenization zone,the dry granule homogenization zone and suspension homogenization zone.The mixing kinetics of CA mortar can provide basis for its mixing technology.


Abstract In this paper we study the modified equal width-Burgers equation, which describes long wave propagation in nonlinear media with dispersion and dissipation. Using the Lie symmetry method in conjunction with the (G'/G)− expansion method we construct its travelling wave solutions. Also, we determine the conservation laws by invoking the new conservation theorem due to Ibragimov. As a result we obtain energy and linear momentum conservation laws.


This thesis involves the design and implementation of an interactive surface modelling system for the human body. The system provides an efficient and convenient way for an artist to specify the posture and the shape of a computer displayed three-dimensional human figure. The human figure is represented as connected tubes, each tube consisting of connected surface patches and each surface patch being drawn using cardinal spli-nes. The posture is specified by changing a set of transformation parameters which affect the orientation of each tube while the shape is specified by changing a set of control parameters which affect the geometric components of the cardinal splines. A hierarchical data structure for organizing the orientation and shape parameters is developed. This representation provides a smooth human body for animation and rendering programs. The thesis also addresses the problems which arise when the body changes shape due to human motion and particular attention is given to the representation of the surface of a joint. An algorithm for displaying a bent tube around the joint is presented. Additional shape parameters are introduced to solve the problem of shape deformations as the joint is bent. The solution is to deduce the shape parameters for any orientation based on the shape parameters of a set of standard orientations. The standard shapes and orientations are built using the human surface modelling system.


: Rural primary school teachers, as the practitioners of rural education, are a key part of rural education development and rural revitalization. The current situation of rural primary school education is the relative lack of educational resources, the long-term absence of family education, the need to improve comprehensive literacy, the lack of social support, and the need for an incentive mechanism. In order to solve this problem, we should build a training platform, enhance home-school collaboration, improve psychological quality, provide sufficient social support and improve incentive mechanisms to stimulate the vitality of rural primary school teachers


It is shown that when the stress-energy tensor of a spacetime is diagonal and is written in the mixed form, its collineations admit infinite dimensional Lie algebras except possibly in the case when the tensor depends on all the spacetime coordinates. The result can be extended for more general second rank tensors.


The Lampung experiences taught the ICRAF Land and Tree Tenure Programme a number of important lessons. First, that the needs and demands of communities are very diverse and require a varied set of tenurial options to suit their different circumstances. Secondly, that community forestry leases (HKm), while the best tenure option available at least for migrant farmers who do not claim prior rights to forest lands, is hard to apply and offers relatively little long term security. Thirdly, that the legal provisions in the forestry laws for protecting customary rights are extremely weak and underlie many of the tensions between the Ministry of Forestry and customary communities. Fourthly, that the procedures set out in the forestry law by which the Ministry asserts its jurisdiction, have been very sloppily applied. Fifthly, that the way the agrarian law and forestry law relate is not well understood by the administration. Reformasi appeared to offer an opportunity for ICRAF to take all these issues up, through national level legal research and policy advocacy.


The search for dark matter has lately been extended to assume a dark segment of the universe that contains mutually interacting particles, supposed to interact with white matter only through the gravity force. This article presents a concept analysis that shows how string theory can model different segments of the cosmos in order to match measurements of dark matter and dark energy.


Emmanuel Teitelbaum raises some very valuable points regarding my book. First, on the issue of regime type, I argued that the central variables that affect equitable development are the character of institutions, especially institutionalized political parties and cohesive state structures, and pragmatic ideology—not regime type. While one conclusion that emerges from the study is that illiberal regimes (Malaysia and Vietnam) have done better than liberal regimes (Thailand and the Philippines), I do not argue that illiberalism is a necessary variable for equitable development. The record across the developing world shows that many authoritarian regimes have very dismal economic outcomes. My argument hinges on the power, responsiveness, and capacity of institutions.


An experiment was conducted at the Experimental Farm of Rice Research Department at Sakha Agriculture Research Station, Field Crop Research Institute, ARC, Egypt, during 2015 and 2016 rice growing seasons to study the effect of GA3 doses and row ratio of restorer Giza 178R and IR69625A cytoplasmic male sterile line (CMS) on different characters. Four levels of GA3 doses, zero, 150, 200 and 250 g/ha and three row ratios 1R:10A, 2R:10A and 3R:10A for R and A lines respectively were used. The different doses of GA3 showed highly significant influence on flag leaf angle (), plant height, panicle exsertion, panicle length, seed set (%), panicle weight, number of panicles/plant ,grain yield, and harvest index when 3R:10A row ratio and 250g/ha of GA3 were used in the first and second seasons. The highest seed yield 2.5 t/ha was obtained when 250 g/ha of GA3 was applied with the row ratio of 3R:10A. The lowest seed yield (0.4 t/ha) was recorded without application of GA3 (control) and row ratio of 1R:10A.


The trends for smartphone and other mobile devices are more than ever for integration and lower cost. Meanwhile, a higher degree of functionality and performance, thinner profile, and longer battery life are some of the additional market drivers seen in these devices. The implications of these market drivers on the packaging content of mobile devices including internet of things (IoT) and wearable electronics (WE) are; higher performance designs, lower power consumption, lower cost, smaller form factor, thinner profile and higher level of integration. The emerging of advanced of silicon node technology down to 7/10 nanometer (nm) in support of higher performance, bandwidth and better power efficiency in mobile products push the boundaries of emerging packaging technologies to smaller form-factor packaging designs with finer line/spacing as well as improved thermal electrical/performance and integration of SiP or 3D capabilities. Advanced embedded Wafer Level Ball Grid Array (eWLB) technology provides a versatile platform for the semiconductor industry's technology evolution from single or multi-die 2D package designs to 2.5D interposers and 3D System-in-Package (SiP) configurations. This paper reports developments that extend multi-die, 3D PoP and 3D SiP applications with eWLB/FO-WLP technology, including ultra thin devices or/and with an interposer substrate attachment. Test vehicles have been designed and fabricated to demonstrate and characterize these low profile and integrated packaging solutions for mobile products including IoT/WE and MEMS/Sensor. Assembly process details and mechanical reliability characterizations are to be discussed with component and board level reliability results. Innovative structure optimization that provides dual advantages of both height reduction and enhanced package reliability are reported. To enable higher interconnection density and signal routing, packages with multi layer RDL and 2/2um fine line/width spacing are fabricated and implemented on the eWLB platform. Successful reliability and electrical characterization results on 3D eWLB-PoP / eWLB-SiP configurations are reported as an enabling technology for highly integrated, miniaturized, low profile and cost effective solutions.


Five substituted cyclobutanethiones were prepared from the corresponding cyclobutanones by sulfurization with hydrogen sulfide, in the presence of hydrogen chloride at 0°C. Spectroscopic data (UV, MS, 1H and 13C NMR) of these new compounds were determined and discussed.


Grain oriented technology of anisotropic grains of ferroelectric materials was originated from the two stages hot-pressing for strongest piezoelectric single crystal of SbSI in 1963. Anisotropic ferroelectrics are SbSI and SbSOI with needle shape grain, Bi/sub 2/TiO/sub 3/ like compounds with plate like grains and tungsten bronze like compounds with bar type grains. Doctor blade technology is also important for the developments of this technology.


The goals of endodontic treatment are the proper access cavity preparation, cleaning, and shaping, and filling the root canal system,to prevent the microbial reinfection. Thus any material placed in the root canal must be free of microbial contamination to avoid root canal recontamination.Currently, gutta-percha is the most commonly used root canal filling material.Guttapercha is supplied in a sterilised sealed package. Only few cones maybe used for a patient and then the box is used again for another patient. Once the seal is opened, the Guttapercha cones are exposed to the environment and eventually lose their sterility. The aim of this study was to assess the sterility of the guttapercha cones in a sealed manufacturer's supplied package.Two different sealed manufactures supplied package ofguttapercha cones namely, Dentsply and Coltene of 25sizewere opened under aseptic laboratory conditions. Five guttapercha cones from each packet were cultured in a nutrient agar plate incubated at 37 0 C and microbial colonies were counted.There was nooccuranceof microbial growth or contamination in the culture media on the first and second day after opening the sealed package but on the third day, growth of microorganism was detected in the culture media .Sealedpackages of guttapercha, supplied by the manufacturer are usually sterile and possible contamination of the cones mayoccur due to incorrect handling of the cones, leading to breaking of the aseptic chain.


The restructuring of the electrical power industry in terms of increase of the performance had given rise to a high degree of vibrancy and competitive market, which changed many features of the power industry. Environmental ergonomics deals with the effect of environmental factors on human health, comfort and performance. This day-to-day interaction of humans and their environment affects performance and productivity of workers in various industries. Indoor temperature is one of the fundamental characteristics of the indoor environment.  The work environment has an effect on the performance of workers. The type of work environment in which workers operate determines the way in which such enterprises prosper.  In this world of advanced technology, many global organizations are realizing that the importance of their workers comforts level towards their performance in order to be competitive.  The study of the thermal comfort allows enhancing the understanding the importance of working environment among workers and occupants from various fields. This paper presents a systematic review of the literature that has relation with the thermal comfort of turbine room in the power stations.


e18229 Background: The magnitude of clinical benefit from genome-driven oncology is the subject of controversy. Past estimates of the population health gains from genomic therapies have not explored differences by race and ethnicity (R/E) nor accounted for the lack of representativeness of commonly used tumor genomics databases. We assessed the attainable population health gains by R/E from cancer drugs with genomic biomarker indications for use. Methods: We used all patient (pt) samples of solid tumors from the AACR Project GENIE v3.0.0 tumor genomics data sharing initiative that met criteria for comprehensiveness of sequencing. We categorized biomarker-tumor site indications as actionable if FDA-approved or considered standard of care in the OncoKB Knowledge Base as of 1/25/19, and estimated actionability rates from genomic therapies. We modelled attainable median overall or progression free-survival gains for actionable pts and all pts from these therapies using results from registrational trials in pts with metastatic cancer. Analyses were performed for all pts and for Black, Asian, Hispanic, and non-Hispanic White R/E groups. To test for disparities in actionability rates (survival gains), we estimated logistic regression (least squares regression) models of having a clinically actionable gene abnormality (survival gains) regressed on minority R/E indicator variables and performed overall Chi-squared tests (F-tests) of whether the R/E coefficients were jointly equal to zero. All analyses were weighted to be representative of the U.S. cancer incident pt population by demographic and tumor site subgroup. Results: Data for 24,255 adult cancer patients met our criteria, including over 900 patients of each of the three minority R/E. Population-weighting showed that the Black and Hispanic pts were heavily underrepresented in the original sample. Weighted actionability rates were 18.2%, with disparities across R/E groups (p < 0.01) and Asians having the highest rates (24.0%). Median survival gains were 10.3 months among actionable pts (disparities test p < 0.10) and 1.9 months among all pts (disparities p < 0.01). Conclusions: Attainable population health gains from genome-guided oncology are modest with disparities across R/E groups.


Electronically operated anti-snoring pillow that analyzes breathing noise and shifts the slippers head position until snoring stops, which can be used to reduce or enlarged the air chamber of pillow to change the head position of slipper. The Pillow has air chamber which is operated by universal motor the system can be used to change the pressure of air chamber in order to change the head position of the slipper to obtain optimum breathing position at which snoring will be stopped completely. Snoring is mainly due to the obstruction of air flow caused by the blockage in mouth of human being and will create vibration on respiratory structure and sounds. Embedded System circuit can be used to stop snoring.