This special issue is devoted to papers contributed by participants in The Fourth International Conference on Mathematical Modeling and Analysis of Populations in Biological Systems (ICMA IV). The conference was held at Texas Tech University in Lubbock, Texas on 4–6 October 2013. The overall theme of the conference was mathematical modeling of complex dynamics from cells to ecosystems. The papers in this special issue include models on competition, hostparasitoid systems, Allee effects, and on evolution of dispersal. Epidemic models explore the effects of delays and vaccination on spread or control of disease. Specific epidemic models are designed to study the impact of cholera in human populations, plague in prairie dog colonies, and Mycobacterium marinum in fish populations. Birth-jump processes are applied to forest fire spotting, and models for chemotactic adhesion in bacterial flocs are developed. More than 100 participants attended ICMA IV where 5 plenary talks, 60 invited and contributed talks, and 11 poster presentations were given over 2.5 days. The generous financial support of the National Science Foundation and the Mathematical Biosciences Institute enabled many early-career investigators to participate in this conference. The Conference Organizing Committee included Linda Allen (chair), Edward Allen, Bijoy Ghosh, Akif Ibragimov, Sophia Jang, Nancy McIntyre, Lih-Ing Roeger, and Richard Strauss. Members of the Scientific Advisory Committee consisted of Linda Allen, Carlos Castillo-Chavez, Avner Friedman, Natalia Komarova, and Townsend Peterson. The members of the External Advisory Committee were Jim Cushing, Saber Elaydi, and Jia Li. We thank the National Science Foundation and the Mathematical Biosciences Institute for their financial support. In addition, we thank the students, staff, and administrators of the Department of Mathematics and Statistics and of the Department of Biological Sciences for the use of facilities and equipment and for technical support. Finally, we thank the Office of the Vice President for Research at Texas Tech University for financial support. Special thanks goes to the editorial and production staff at Taylor & Francis.


Great attention has been focused on scandate cathodes because of their excellent emission capability. They are considered to be the most promising candidate cathodes for continuously developed vacuum devices in which high emission current density is desired. Nevertheless, there is still no mature model corresponding to such outstanding emission property. In this paper, we reported on our investigation based on the Scandate cathodes with Scandia doped tungsten bodies. Attempts are made to clarify some interesting phenomena presented in manufacture and operating process by means of SEM, EDS, XRD, AES, SAM and corresponding electron emission measurements. Based on the experiment results we proposed a possible operating model for this kind of cathode.


Conducted a detailed analysis of the discrete cosine transform(DCT) and discrete Walsh-Hadamard transform(DWHT),these two principles of the encoding algorithm,the implementation process,and then the simulation for image compression,the results indicate that,using the discrete cosine transformimage compression coding algorithm technology than discrete Walsh-Hadamard transform algorithm is effective,the sharpness of the image is not changed,that is,high-definition,better visual effect.


The flow of Self-Consolidating Concrete (SCC) in formwork fillings was simulated as the flow of a single phase yieldstress fluid between two infinite plates by COMSOL Multiphysics®. The flow of SCC with varied rheological properties (yield stress and plastic viscosity) was verified in formworks with different configurations of reinforcement (rebars), such as the distance between the rebars and the wall and the separation distance between the rebars. Minimum and maximum limits of SCC rheological properties in each configuration were identified to avoid the presence of a dead zone, which was identified as an unyielded zone with low flow velocity. The simulation results showed that the occurrence of the dead zones was less likely in the configurations with a larger distance between the rebars or with a larger distance between rebar and the wall. In other words, concrete with lower plastic viscosity and higher yield stress can be used in such configurations with reduction of the energy requirement for placing.


Lee, Kwa Sup.September, 2017.Introduction to Public-Private Partnership system and case studies of Korea,Proceeding,Sejong, South KoreaKDI School of Public Policy and Management,54


Adam Smith taught us how government regulation can counteract the market forces that produce economic growth. Here I explore a more complex interplay between regulation and economic growth. Regulation creates behavioural incentives that weaken or offset entirely the goal of the regulation. Growth produces many of the benefits ascribed to regulation while also hiding the costs and failures of regulation.


This chapter describes practical uses of data about online learners and provides suggestions for using data to support their success.


The goal of this study is to analyze the surgical management of proximal humerus fractures in medial age patients (50–65 years of age). From 2003–2008 were treated 49 patients, 14 male and 35 female with mean age of 61 years. All patients had a proximal humerus fracture classified by the AO Universal Classification. The fractures were treated with either open reduction internal fixation (ORIF-21 patients) or with shoulder hemiarthroplasty (HSA-28 patients) under general anesthesia. Among the patients that were treated with ORIF or HSA we did not observe statistical significant differences in the days of hospital stay, the change of pre and postoperative hemoglobin, the need of blood transfusion and the acute postoperative complications. On the contrary there were statistical significant differences in the level of acute postoperative pain, the clinical results and the range of shoulder movements after a period of 3,6 and 12 months (constant score). ORIF seems to have better clinical results for younger medial age patients in comparison with HSA that seems to have poorer results. On the contrary HSA seems to have better clinical results for older medial age patients.


The problem of nonlinear dynamical systems identification of Wiener type is considered. The linear dynamical part of the system is in nonparametric uncertainty conditions. The common type of nonlinearity is assumed to be known with set of parameters. Presented algorithm allows to create the adequate in the sense of mean-square criterion models.


The working principle and design structure of the Solar Irradiance Absolute Radiometers(SIARs) developed by our research group is introduced.The radiometer offers its two improvements in burying the electrical heater winding into the wall of the cavity to improve the equivalence of electrical and radiative heating and in using thermo-electrical temperature sensor to replace the usual resistance temperature sensor.The SIARs took part in International Pyrheliometer Comparisons(IPC) twice,and calibrated data are coincident well with World Radiometric Reference(WRR).Two SIARs have been put on Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos/World Radiometric Center(PMOD/WRC) to observe the sun together with the instruments of World Standard Group(WSG) for six years,and they show stable performance and uncertainty within 0.2%.Moreover,a Solar Constant Monitor(SCM) composed of three wide field of view SIARs mounted on SZ-3 spacecraft has been used to measure solar irradiance for five months,obtained data are coincident with those of ACRIM in 0.2%.From June 2008,a Solar Total Irradiance Monitor(STIM) made up of three SIARs has also begun to measure total solar irradiance on FY-3 satellite for long term.


In urban areas where space and property are a major constraint when constructing a deep excavation, the use of a stable and effective retaining system is essential. The choice of the retaining system will depend on the site condition, the expected earth pressure and the existence of water. Diaphragm walls are commonly used as a retaining system that can withstand high values of earth pressure and also have good performance with water existence. The design output of retaining system depends mainly on soil parameters, site conditions and adapted design approach. There are well known two design approaches for geotechnical problems: working stress design approach WSD which adapts a global safety factor for all uncertaintiesassociated with geotechnical design, and limit state design approach LSD which accounts for uncertainties by applying partial safety factors for different variables that affects the design output. Different standards adapt different design approachesi.e., the Egyptian code of practice ECP 202 adapts WSD approach; EN 1997 along with BS8002 and AASHTO adapts LSD approach. This study aims to emphasize the influence of adapting different design approaches on design output results for a strutted diaphragm wall. Comparing the design output results between ECP 202, AASHTO, EN 1997 DA1-1, EN 1997 DA1-2, and BS 8002 it was found that AASHTO design output gave the most conservative results for embedment depth and straining actions on the retaining system, as it uses load and resistance factored design method LRFD. The ECP 202 gave a high estimate for embedment depth when compared to EN 1997 DA1-1, EN 1997 DA1-2, and BS 8002.


A computerized model has been prepared to enable es timates to be made ofsugarcane yields when a given.amo~nt of irrigation water is used. The input data cO?1pnse dally rainfall records for as long a penod as possible, average monthly class A pan evaporation figures, and a proposed sequence of planting and harvesting of'the crops WhICh com prise a full crop cycle. The monthly increase in green leaf canopy also needs to be estimated. The pro~amme perm~ts the variation ofparameters such as total available sod mOIS ture, irrigation efficiency, application rate and an evapo transpiration model. It indicates, for each year and on average, the rainfall efficiency, the number o~ days spent irrigating, and the number of days dunng WhICh the crop was subjected to various degrees of stress.


Feather selection is a process that extracts a number of feature subsets which are the most representative of the original meaning from original feature set. It greatly reduces the text processing time and increases the accuracy because of removing some data outliers. With the rapid development of Web 2.0 and the further evolution of the Internet, short text like micro-blog plays an important role in people's daily life. However, existing feature selection methods cannot effectively extract these short text features, and greatly reduce the classification and clustering performance of short text. In this regard, we propose a novel feature selection method based on part-of-speech and HowNet. According to the composition of the text property, we choose the words with larger amount of information by different part-of-speech, and then expand the semantic features of these words based on HowNet, in this way the short text has more useful features. We use test data set collected from sina micro-blog and adopt the micro average and macro average of F1-Measure to evaluate the effects of short text classification. The results show that the short text feature selected by our method has a good amount of information, as well as good classification results.


SU Shi's comment on the characteristics in WANG Wei's poetry."Understanding and appreciating mojie's poetry and painting,the two arts are integrating and show similar aesthetic features." Which is leading to the controversy by many critics.Interpretating the comment from the correlation on the poetry and painting in art nature,we can find that the spirit of landscape painting and the landscape poems in Chinese art field reflect the aesthetic characteristics are very similar in their own development.That is to say,the possibility of their integration lies on their pursuit of ultimate human concern about "tao".So,Su Shi's comment is reasonable.


The great potential of Unmanned Vehicles (UV) for services is supported by the evolution of drones and their flexible ability to help us performing dangerous, boring and difficult tasks. The common communication solutions e.g., radio, consider a pilot and a vehicle in the same location. Besides, the alternatives based on Ground Control Stations (GCS) are difficult to configure, which makes it difficult for a common user and a developer to use and/or implement new services for drones. This work proposes a solution with a new messaging protocol to overcome the previous problems, allowing controlling a UV in a remote location after a simple configuration. The implementation of this approach is based on a cloud platform, responsible for UV and user management, and on TCP/IP WebSockets for the user to control remotely located vehicles, anytime and anywhere. This research starts with the analysis of the prior work regarding UV communication technologies and the available GCS. Minding the identified problems, we designed an architecture that represents a cloud platform and multiple users and UVs in different networks. To prototype this architecture, we developed the user interface, the platform and the UV control module. The functional assessment considers a generic simplified and controlled scenario, focusing on the real-time control and video stream. The results confirmed the possibility to control a UV in a different location, in real-time, with an average response time of 25ms. This work provides valuable insights regarding the communication in the fields of anytime and anywhere device control and vehicle-based services.


This study qualitatively analyzes the phenomenon of fashion everydayness as a cultural revolution in the digital space as everyday life continues to expand into digital platforms. The analysis proceeded in four perspectives based on Lefebvre's theoretical framework: the festivalization of everyday life, the artification of everyday life, the holistic stylization of everyday life, and cultural revolution as a daily practice. Instagram, the case for this study and the most popular image-centric social network, leads the digital aesthetics paradigm through creative acts that weave fashion into the daily life of the individual. The study focuses on three fashion mega-influencers whose successful careers began with blogs documenting their daily lives. The analysis showed that Instagram, as a social platform, is a creative space for sharing everyday life with its appropriation of time and space. In there, fashion visualizes the look of the everyday beyond the boundaries of time and space. In practice, it suggests a digital cultural revolution: a composite lifestyle expressive of various tastes and styles—a vital medium to inspire and sustain fashion everydayness. This has implications that the information and communication technology of the digital age created a new cultural space and that daily visualization through fashion will eventually produce sustainable cultural contents.


promise seems to be a common theme in the study—in similar fashion, Victor Séjour's brilliant literary career demonstrates transnational perspectives and intercultural literary strategies that would eventually be obscured by the categorical opposition of "American" and "French" literature. (As evidence, Séjour has yet to become a standard inclusion in anthologies of American literature, despite his clear qualifications.) While the decline of New Orleans's theatrical diversity can be read as a jeremiad, this study also serves as a reminder for early American literary and cultural studies: exploring such historical dead ends may yet help us to remember American culture's once-possible futures. The Crescent City's playhouses were never interracial or intercultural utopias, of course, but they nevertheless showed the potential of performance in a distinctly "Creole America," in which plays were staged in the gaps between cultures, as lively, complex dramas of identity, affiliation, and belonging played out against a hemispheric backdrop of imperial nostalgia and national expansion.


An apparatus is described for measuring the ranges in liquids of alpha particles from radioactive substances. The accuracy is about 0.1% for range measurements of the order of 50 mu . (auth)


The title compound, C20H15N3O2·0.5CH3OH, has been synthesized from the ene-lactam with P(OEt)3 under an N2 atmosphere. The title indole molecules are linked via N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming one-dimensional chains.


We represent the Myerson (1977) value in terms of the value intro- duced by Vazquez-Brage, Garcia-Jurado and Carreras (1996) applied to the link agent form (Casajus, 2007) accompanied by some natural coalition structure.


The performance of a molecular signal detector relies on selected value of the detection threshold. In fact, arbitrary choice of detection threshold would increase either the probability of miss detection or the probability of false alarm. Thereby, an appropriate value of detection threshold is required in order to optimize the error performance of a realistic diffusion-based molecular communication (DbMC) system. For this, we come up with a new approach that yields optimal value for convex optimization problem in DbMC using logarithmic barrier followed by modified Karush–Kuhn–Tucker conditions, Newton Raphson method, and finally rounding the solution to the nearest integer value. Previous works on threshold optimization in DbMC either give suboptimal solution or optimal one whereof the convergence depends on choosing the smallest interval that contains the optimal value. Numerical and simulation results reveal that our proposed methodology can provide optimal solution with utmost accuracy in few iterations.


Here the authors present the results of investigations of the space structure and energy parameters of the plasma flow in the vacuum arc system with the sacrificial cathode in the magnetic field which provides confinement of the arc discharge near the end operating cathode surface and the additional acceleration of the plasma flow towards the processed article as well. As a result, under the operating pressure up to 100 Pa the directed flow of the coating material plasma with the maximum energy of the ion component up to 150 eV and with the flow density up to 20 mA/cm/sup 2/ is formed. The investigated plasma arc accelerator (PAA) allows to produce the high quality coatings with the diminished micro-drops fraction onto metal, dielectric substrates under operating surface temperatures lower than 450 K using the cathodes from the easily melting materials with melting temperatures lower than 2000 K.


In order to investigate the infection of major viral diseases in large-scale chicken farms of jiao-dong district in Shandong Province in the latter half of 2009,the investigation on infection of NDV,IBV and AIV(H9) was performed by established RT-PCR technique.774 suspicious samples collected from large-scale chicken farms in Shandong Province(Weifang,Qingdao and Yantai district) were detected.The results showed that the positive rates of these three viruses was up to 25.58% totally in three districts and the positive rates of NDV,IBV and AIV(H9) were 8.14%,11.37% and 6.07%,respectively.In three districts the positive rates of NDV(12.47%) and IBV(14.55%) were both highest in Qingdao.Chickens co-infected with dual viruses accounted for 2.84% from the detected samples.The infection of IBV+NDV was most serious in all co-infectioned samples.The results demonstrated that NDV,IBV and AIV(H9) were very prevalent in the commercial chickens in Jiao-dong District,offering the scientific evidence to prevent and control these diseases in Shandong Province.


Systematics and nomenclature of representatives Rickettsiales order has always been based on a limited number of available phenotypic characteristics, due to their obligate intracellular localization. Intensive use of «molecular» technology has led to the description of a large number of new species of this taxonomic group, as well as to the reclassification of some of its representatives. Another symbol of the era of «molecular» technology is the emergence of species, genera and families with candidate status («Candidatus») due to the inability of cultivation and studying of biological properties that is required for a valid description of the new species. It should be a legitimate solution to this problem, based on the development and application of new high technologies. This review summarizes recent data on the taxonomy, nomenclature and evolution of representatives order Rickettsiales, new technologies, approaches and methods for the study of certain groups of prokaryotes. Published materials were obtained in the analysis of foreign and Russian scientific publications, as well as on the basis of its own published data. The paper contains a new understanding of the classification within the genus Rickettsia.


They are considered Shalock approaches according to quality of life, whereas indicators both for children and for adolescents. Objective: determine if there are differences in the quality of life in children and adolescents from schools of Lima and Ancash. Method: It assessed a total of 307 children and 347 adolescents between 8 and 18 years of Lima and Ancash, through the questionnaire of quality of life for adolescents and questionnaire of quality of life for children.Results: are reported significant differences between children of Lima and Ancash in relation to quality of life indicators, and adolescents in Lima and Ancash, in the personal development and well-being Material dimensions. Conclusion: The indicators will form the basis for proposals to improve the deficit areas and to enhance that are helping people.


The goal o f t his p aper is the application of t he Genetic Algorithms (GAs) to the Automatic Speech Recognition ( ASR) domain a t the acoustic s equences classification level. Thus, we have l ooked for r ecognizing Standard Arabic ( SA) stop sounds of continuous, naturally spoken, speech. We h ave used GAs b ecause of their a dvantages in resolving complicated optimization problems, w here analytic methods fail. Stop consonants re present o ne of t he various c lasses o f so unds in human speech. T heir classification is one of t he most c hallenging tasks in speech recognition due to their d ynamic, va riable context and speaker-dependent nature. In SA, there are eight stop consonants. We have analyzed a corpus that contains several sentences composed of the ei ght types of stop consonants in t he i nitial, medium and final positions, recorded by several male speakers. Since the cepstral coefficients representation i s known to provide the best sp eech recognition performance, w e have used Mel F requency C epstrum Coefficients (MFCCs) method to extract vo cal t ract co efficients. To represent t emporal va riations in the speech signal, the f irst and second derivatives of both M FCCs and energy are added to the set of static p arameters. The acoustic segments classification and the GAs have been explored. Among a set of classifiers like Bayesian, likelihood and distance classifier, we have used the d istance one. I t is based on t he cl assification m easure criterion. So, we formulate t he supervi sed classification as a f unction op timization pro blem and we have used the d ecision rul e M ahalanobis d istance as the f itness function f or t he G A evaluation. We repo rt promising results with a classification recognition accuracy of 89%.


.................................................................................................................................................. viii CHAPTER 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 2. METHODOLOGY ........................................................................................................................ 6 2.1 Case Study Selection .................................................................................................................. 6 2.2 Observational Data .................................................................................................................... 8 2.2.1 Iowa Environmental Mesonet ................................................................................... 8 2.2.2 North American Mesoscale Forecast System (NAM) initial analysis ......................... 9 2.2.3 North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) ............................................................ 9 2.3 Model Forecast Data ................................................................................................................ 10 2.3.1 North American Mesoscale Forecast System (NAM) ............................................... 10 2.4 Analysis Techniques ................................................................................................................. 10 2.4.1 Thermodynamic budget ........................................................................................... 10 2.4.2 Vorticity budget ....................................................................................................... 11 CHAPTER 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ...................................................................................................... 13 3.1 Non-Outflow Cold Front (NOCF) .............................................................................................. 13 3.2 Outflow Cold Front (OCF) ......................................................................................................... 23 3.3 Thermodynamic and Vorticity Budget Results ........................................................................ 31 3.3 NAM Forecast Assessment ...................................................................................................... 39 CHAPTER 4. CONCLUSIONS ......................................................................................................................... 45 APPENDIX – ADDITIONAL NOCF CASE STUDIES .......................................................................................... 48 A.1 4 May 2010 ................................................................................................................. 48


The article discovers controversies containing in definition of notion "medical error". The most prevalent errors committed by physicians and patients are considered. The social and legal issues of committing medical errors are analyzed.


By study the geological characteristic and ore component of polylaminate navajoite Jianggu navajoite of Zhenyuan county,the author thought the formation of the navajoite in eastern Guizhou was Nanhua rift trough in the situation of extend structural environment,the frequent and spasmodic submarine cascade that were produced by the intermediate and basic magmatic activity took vanadium and other minerals to the depositional marine basin from deep earth crust and formed mine bed under the adsorption action of clay.


The concept of enterprise risk management (ERM) as a holistic approach to managing a company's risk profile has tremendous appeal. However, companies are frequently skeptical about its value and whether the results will justify the cost, effort, and challenges of implementing a meaningful ERM process. This report considers some of those concerns and highlights the governance, compliance, and cultural value of ERM.


Abstract 4654 Baxter has developed a rFIX product which is produced by a genetically engineered Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line in a cell culture medium free from any animal or human proteins. The objective of this preclinical study-program was to evaluate the safety of Baxter9s rFIX in different species. The preclinical program included studies on established models of general safety pharmacology (conscious, telemetered cynomolgus monkey), thrombogenicity (rabbit, Wessler test), single and repeated dose toxicity (mouse, rat, cynomolgus monkey), local tolerance (rabbit), and comparative immunogenicity (mouse, rat, cynomolgus monkey). Commercially available licensed rFIX and pdFIX served as active reference items. Thrombogenicity studies showed no thrombogenic potential of Baxter9s rFIX. General safety pharmacology revealed no adverse effects on clinical signs, cardiovascular or respiratory variables. Single dose toxicity studies in mice, administered at doses of up to 7500 IU/kg BW, and repeated administration of Baxter9s rFIX in rats and cynomolgus monkeys, administered doses of up to 750 IU/kg, confirmed the safety of the new product. Furthermore, Baxter9s rFIX was well tolerated at the injection site after intravenous injection. No differences in immunogenicity between Baxter9s rFIX and the reference items were revealed by comparative immunology studies. This good safety profile of Baxter9s rFIX was the basis for proceeding with human trials, which have recently been initiated. Disclosures: Dietrich: Baxter Innovations GmbH: Employment. Kubik: Baxter Innovations GmbH: Employment. Auer: Baxter Innovations GmbH: Employment. Wuersch: Baxter Innovations GmbH: Employment. Reipert: Baxter Innovations GmbH: Employment. Horling: Baxter Innovations GmbH: Employment. Wolfsegger: Baxter Innovations GmbH: Employment. Ehrlich: Baxter Innovations GmbH: Employment. Scheiflinger: Baxter Innovations GmbH: Employment. Schwarz: Baxter Innovations GmbH: Employment. Muchitsch: Baxter Innovations GmbH: Employment.


This paper focuses on issues related to learning orientation (commitment to learning, shared vision, open-mindedness), its effect on innovation, and how innovation can lead to performance in the hospitality industry, particularly hotels. Purposive sampling was used to gather data. Data was gathered from employees of different hotel departments located in Unguja, Zanzibar. The structural equation modelling analysis was based on 228 responses. Three hypotheses formed from the learning orientation construct had a positive effect on innovation while innovation had a strong influence on business performance. Specifically, Hypothesis One (h1): commitment to learning positively (+) affects innovation (â = 0.30; p


When using landsat-7 ETM+ data and extracting water information in Gui Lin city and its surrounding regions with the Modified Normal Difference Water Index,it is found that many karst landforms'ubac are misjudged as water.Obviously,the interference factor with single MNDWI can not be eliminated.In consideration of the subdued slope of surface,to classify decision tree with slope information can eliminate interference factor that results from karst landforms so as to extract water information accurately in Guilin karst landform area.


This study investigates the effects of input-based and output-based instructions on the acquisition of second language (L2) request modifiers. Four intact classes were randomly assigned to textual enhancement (TE), input flooding (IF), output-based instruction (OI), and control (CO) groups. The TE group watched some captioned videos on requests and read over the video transcripts with the target features typographically highlighted. The IF group watched twice more captioned videos and read over the video transcripts with no textual manipulation. The OI group watched videos with no captions and then engaged in dialogue reconstruction tasks. Results of the pragmatic comprehension and production pre-test and post-test revealed the overall effectiveness of the treatment. TE and OI groups performed rather similarly in the comprehension test. Concerning the production test, the OI group performed best, followed by TE, IF, and CO groups. The findings suggest employing input-based and output-based practices to promote learners' L2 pragmatic knowledge.


Received January 10, 2016; Accepted March 29, 2016 Abstract: Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was chosen to obtain a sandwich type assembly of SDS and graphene (GR) sheets. The modified (SDS/GR) and unmodified GR were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), highresolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy, as well as thermal (TG) and TMA analyses. The SDS obviously prompts the dispersion of GR into a typical wrinkled layered structure. The addition of SDS into GR has lowering the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE). 137 Cs is the most currently radioactive isotope generated in the area around the Chernobyl disaster. Cerium is quantitatively concentrated and separated from Egyptian monazite by leaching the monazite lanthanide oxides cake. So, SDS/GR was applied to remove Cs(I) and Ce(III) from aqueous solutions using a batch technique. The factors pH, contact time, temperature, and dosage were investigated. The highest adsorption capacity of SDS/GR is found to be 44 and 60 mg gfor Cs(I) and Ce(III), respectively. The adsorption of Cs(I) and Ce(III) onto SDS/GR fitted the pseudo-second-order model. It was found that the adsorption processes have reached their equilibrium state in about 2h, which is faster than most of carbonbased adsorbents can do. From the thermodynamic parameters the sorption process was endothermic and spontaneous in nature.


Gold processing by amalgamation produces gold amalgam and waste mercury. Poor mercury waste management can pollute the environment. Ilegal gold miners are often found in West Sumatra. In the process of gold processing always use Hg for the purification of the gold. This study aims to determine the level of mercury (Hg) in the gold miner's urine and see the long-working relationship. Mercury (Hg) is a heavy metal grouped into groups having high toxicity levels. The use of mercury (Hg) in the gold processing process can cause negative impact. Determination of mercury (Hg) with Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (SSA) method. The population of this research is gold miner worker in Nagari Koto Tuo Sijunjung as many as 3 people and also as sample. The instrument used in this research is a questionnaire and testing of urine specimen dilaboratorium with wet destruction method in research in.i Factors studied are the characteristics of r0espondents including age, and length of work. Sampling was done as much as 20 ml of urine. Urine sample examination was done at Laboratory by using Wet Destruction method. The result of mercury (Hg) examination in gold miner's urine was obtained by an average of 15.8 μg / l Mercury (Hg) in urine with a threshold of 4 μg / l. The benefit of this research is to provide an overview of the level of toxicity that occurs due to gold mining in illegal gold miners in Nagari Koto Tuo Sijunjung, West Sumatra.


In the course of the aluminum reduction cell producting,if the operating voltage and current are stability,the thermal field of aluminum reduction cell will be stability.When the voltage and current are changed,the total quantity of heat produced in the cell will change,and the fhermal balance in the cell will be broken.In this paper,on the basis of this calculation,the effect of the voltage and the current change on the thermal balance and other states in the 160kA large prebake anode aluminum reduction cell was studied.


This paper discusses to show the intertwining of  policy curriculum in higher education, with the current curriculum and proposed for the Universidade do Estado da Bahia – UNEB. Exposed the theoretical framework for the analysis of educational policies and curricula, highlighting the contribution of the continuous cycle of policies Stephen Ball and Richard Bowe, by Mainardes (2006). Among other authors who supported the production highlight Gomes (2011); Lopes (2004); Pacheco (2003); Sacristan (2000). The design of educational policies and curricula adopted in the text reflects an aspect of contextual analysis. After addressing the guiding theoretical concepts and description of the curriculum of pedagogy, the subject of this text discusses some consequences for the teacher training. Keywords: Curriculum policies. Pedagogy course. Teacher training.


A black or navy dye composition excelling in dyeing capacity and capable of dyeing polylactic acid to navy or black with reddishness reduced. This composition comprises main black disperse dye (a1) or main navy disperse dye (a2) combined in given proportion with a given blue disperse dye. This main black disperse dye (a1) or main navy disperse dye (a2) is a disperse dye exhibiting dyeing capacity to polyesters and polylactic acid. This blue disperse dye is a disperse dye that in the dyeing of polylactic acid molding therewith, has a maximum absorption within the range of 640 to 700 nm in a 550 to 700 nm wavelength region of absorbance curve exhibiting the absorbance of dyed surface of dyed molding.


Background: Psychosocial factors have been shown to be important in the progression from acute low back pain (LBP) to chronic disability. Early identification of individuals at risk of developing chronic disability is important. The aim of this study was to determine if physiotherapists recognise when patients with LBP are at risk of chronicity due to psychosocial factors. A secondary aim was to explore the advice they give to patients about work and activities. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive survey of practising, musculoskeletal physiotherapists was designed and completed. Vignettes were written based on three acute LBP patients at low, moderate or high risk of chronicity due to psychosocial factors as measured by the Acute Low Back Pain Screening Questionnaire. The vignettes were tested by an expert panel (n=6) and incorporated into a postal questionnaire, which was piloted (n=50) and then sent to a simple random sample of experienced musculoskeletal physiotherapists in the UK (n=900). After one reminder, 20% of non-responders were sent a further questionnaire (n=80) to explore the non-response bias. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS version 11). Results: The response rate was 57.7% (n=518). The sample consisted of experienced physiotherapists (mean of 18 years postgraduate experience) working across all practice settings. Most correctly rated the chronicity risk of the low and high risk patient cases (56.6% and 89.1 %), but the moderate risk case appeared to cause some difficulty. Chronicity rating appeared to be more highly associated with biomedical factors such as the perceived pathology. Most therapists (95%, 88.6% and 85.8%) reported they would recommend some limitation of activity for each case. Conclusions: Most physiotherapists recognise when patients are at high and low risk of developing chronicity, but this seems to be influenced more by biomedical than psychosocial factors. Even when therapists recognise that a patient is at high risk of chronicity, many recommend the patient limit their activity levels and not work. Many physiotherapists may be providing advice, which aids the progression to chronicity. Research is needed to explore how to facilitate a change in therapists' beliefs and practices.


BACKGROUND: The brain is very susceptible to damage from oxidative stress due to undernutrition. Provision of nutrients and compounds that act as antioxidants is needed to improve oxidative stress in the brain. AIM: This study was conducted with the aim of proving the potential of the combination of pasak bumi (Eurycoma longifolia Jack), DHA, and seluang fish (Rasbora Spp.) to improve oxidative stress in the brains of undernourished rats (Rattus norvegicus). METHODS: Once the rats were undernourished, they were divided: positive control (KP) = undernourished rats + placebo + standard feed; (P1) = undernourished rats + 70% ethanol extract of pasak bumi root (EPB) 15 mg/kg BW + standard feed; (P2) = undernourished rats + DHA 1 mg/kgBW + standard feed; (P3) = undernourished rats + EPB 15 mg/kg BW + DHA 1 mg/kg BW + standard feed; (P4) = undernourished rats + seluang fish; (P5) = undernourished rats + EPB 15 mg/kg BW + seluang fish for 5 weeks; plus 1 negative control group (KN) that is healthy rats given placebo and standard feed. The parameters included superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, catalase, peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Data analysis used the Kruskall-Wallis test followed by Mann Whitney with a significance level of 95%. RESULTS: There were significant differences in the activity of SOD (p = 0.001), catalase (p = 0.000), peroxide levels (p = 0.000), and MDA (p = 0.000) between treatments. The group that was given a combination of EPB 15 mg/kg BW and DHA 1 mg/kg BW showed better SOD and catalase activity, and lower levels of peroxide and MDA than the other groups. CONCLUSION: The combination of 70% ethanol extract of pasak bumi 15 mg/kg BW and DHA 1 mg/kg BW has the best potential to improve brain oxidative stress in undernourished rats compared to single administration of 15 mg/kg BW EPB, DHA, or seluang fish alone. Edited by: Slavica Hristomanova-Mitkovska Citation: Sanyoto DD, Noor MS, Triawanti T. Potential Combinations of Pasak Bumi (Eurycoma longifolia Jack), Docosahexaenoic Acid, and Seluang Fish (Rasbora spp.) to Improving Oxidative Stress of Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Brain Undernutrition. Open-Access Maced J Med Sci. 2022 Jan 01; 10(A):25-32. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.7671


All rights reserved. ORIGIN: No Reduction in CV Events With Insulin Glargine and Omega-3 Fatty Acids No Increased Cancer Risk Seen With Glargine I the Outcome Reduction with an Initial Glargine Intervention (ORIGIN) trial, treatment with insulin glargine and omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids failed to meet the primary endpoint: reduction of cardiovascular events among patients with type 2 diabetes or those with IFG or IGT. Moreover, treatment with basal insulin glargine did not reduce the composite cardiovascular endpoint of nonfatal MI, nonfatal stroke, and death from cardiovascular causes.


Background In pediatric environmental health research, information about family members is often directly sought or indirectly obtained in the process of identifying child risk factors and helping to tease apart and identify interactions between genetic and environmental factors. However, federal regulations governing human subjects research do not directly address ethical issues associated with protections for family members who are not identified as the primary "research participant." Ethical concerns related to family consent and privacy become paramount as pediatric environmental health research increasingly turns to questions of gene–environment interactions. Objectives In this article I identify issues arising from and potential solutions for the privacy and informed consent challenges of pediatric environmental health research intended to adequately protect the rights and welfare of children, family members, and communities. Discussion I first discuss family members as secondary research participants and then the specific ethical challenges of longitudinal research on late-onset environmental effects and gene–environment interactions. I conclude with a discussion of the confidentiality and social risks of recruitment and data collection of research conducted within small or unique communities, ethnic minority populations, and low-income families. Conclusions The responsible conduct of pediatric environmental health research must be conceptualized as a goodness of fit between the specific research context and the unique characteristics of subjects and other family stakeholders.


Objective:To investigate the resistance of clinical isolate collected from the Jinan Central Hospital in 2012.Method:Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted according to an agreed protocal using Kirby-Bauer(K-B)method.Results were analyzed according to the breakpoints of CLSI 2012.Result:Of the 1641 clinical isolates,gram positive strains and gram negative strains accounted for 29.3% and 70.7% respectively.The prevalence of methicillin-resistant strains was 47.0% in S.aureus(MRSA)and 69.8% in coagulase-negtive Staphylococcus(MRCNS).No staphylococcus strain was found resistant to vancomycin or linezolid.No strains of streptococcus pneumoniae were isolated from meningitis.Only one penicillin-resistant S.pneumoniae(PRSP)was isolated from children.The other isolates were penicillin-susceptible S.pneumoniae(PRSP).ESBLs were produced in 60.5% of the E.coli strains,44.7% of the K.pneumoniae.Enterobacteriaceae strains were still very sensitive to carbapenem antibiotics,except two K.pneumoniae strains were resistant to carbapenem antibiotics.More than 30% P.aeruginosa isolates strains were only resistant to ticarcillin-clavulanate,aztreonam,imipenem.More than 45% Acinetobacter baumannii strains were resistanted to all antimicrobials except minocycline and cefoperazone-sulbactam.Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strains were relatively susceptible to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim,minocycline,levofloxacin with lower resistance rate.There were 54.3% H.influenzae which produced β-lactamase.Conclusion:We are facing a more serious situation of bacterial resistance.Periodic surveillance of bacteria resistance is most important and valuable for antimicrobial therapy.


Abstract Processes of droplet-vortex interactions have been studied numerically in a dynamic evaporating spray, The spray is formed between a droplet-laden heated nitrogen jet and a coflowing air stream. The jet velocity and temperature have been considered in a range, where large-scale vortex structures develop due to convective Kelvin-Helmholtz instability of the jet shear layer. Numerical simulations of the healed jet without droplets show the presence of organized vortex structures and their pairing interaction. The fundamental frequency of these structures scale with the jet diameter and velocity, yielding a Strouhal number of 0.36. Results concerning droplet dispersion indicate that 1) the dispersion of intermediate-sized droplets is enhanced due to their interaction with vortex rings during the vortex-pairing process, 2) a second Stokes number based on a droplet transit time can be used to characterize the dispersion of larger droplets, and 3) the evaporation during droplet-vortex interaction modif...


A developmental disorder of spatial vision, Amblyopia is defined clinically as a decrease in visual acuity (VA) in one, or more often in both eyes, in the absence of a clear disorder or ocular disease Amblyopia is the most common cause of monocular vision loss in children [1]. Affected individuals exhibit stereo acuity impairment and abnormal binocular summation [2]. Binocular therapies designed to improve amblyopia by binocular stimulation are highly differentiated into perceptual learning and differential training.

Objective

• To determine the efficacy of Vision Therapy software (CureSee) in Amblyopia.

• To compare Stereopsis findings before and after VT

• To compare Visual Acuity before and after VT

• To compare Vergence amplitude before and after VT.

Methodology: 68 Amblyopic Subjects who are visiting Ahooja Eye & Dental Institute, Gurugram for eye examination and Amblyopia management were taken. Patients diagnosed with Amblyopia were included as well as Patients with Ocular surgery done within 2 months and Patients with any Ocular pathology were excluded. Verbal Consent was taken and selected patients were enrolled into CureSee Vision Therapy Software management for Amblyopia. Data is collected prior and post the use of CureSee Vision Therapy Software by patients and the collected data were decoded and tabulated using the Ms. Excel 2010 computer program and IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) statistics version 23.0 was used for the analysis of data.

Result and Conclusion: Visual Acuity improved significantly by 0.14 LogMar to the Median Values of Right Eye and by 0.60 LogMar to the Median Values of Left Eye. Stereopsis improved from 800 ± 520 sec of arc to 60 ± 60 sec of arc with P≤0.001. PFV and NFV also improved significantly after the use of Vision Therapy Software. Results conclude that Vision Therapy software is effective in improving Stereopsis, Visual Acuity and Vergence values in Amblyopic patients.


Children and young people with SEND have been disproportionately affected by the pandemic, yet Ofsted inspections show support in many areas is substandard and not improving, reports Jo Stephenson


The results of photovoltaic systems simulations using power electronics devices are affected by PV models' accuracy; examples of photovoltaic systems such simulations are: maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of the photovoltaic systems, transient and dynamic analysis of the photovoltaic systems, and micro grid systems working of micro grid systems. The photovoltaic mathematical models depict a nonlinear I-V characteristic covering unknown parameters due to the restricted information given by PV panel's manufacturers of the photolytic panels. This paper investigates the use of Water Cycle Algorithm (WCA); it will be the using world rivers/streams cycles. This accurate observing is a new population-based meta-heuristic optimizer. Here, WCA is simulated in MATLAB environment and applied to both single-diode model (S.D.M) and double-diode model (D.D.M) as represented. Authenticity of these proposed photovoltaic systems a model is ascertained by the simulations of the outcomes, where these simulations are implemented under different environmental conditions. Outcomes are compared to experimental results by Kyocera KC200GT PV module. The effectiveness and efficiency of proposed mathematical models are established through comparing models absolute error with respect to experimental outcomes and that of other photovoltaic systems models. The WCA can therefore be used, based on its results in developing accurate PV models.


Financial Information System (FIS) is a system that enables one to run evaluations on financial data. Thus, makes FIS to be a very vital tool for the financial decision of business organization and a 'sacred' system to be protected. Most business establishments use their web site to promote their products and services and avoid mentioning the financial information system being used. Daddo maritime services limited is an indigenous maritime services company that is a part of Daddo Group. Their Financial Information system is mainly the use of Excel and other communication networks being used are: telephone, Internet and Radio communication. The personnel in charge are Accountants and communication Officer respectively. This study is a comparative study that examined allied maritime company like Gac (Gulf Agency company); an international shipping company with branches in over 40 countries including Nigeria but every information on line about its FIS system is not mentioned, likewise a multinational oil company Chevron oil company which only stated its information link ie the new Global Information link (GIL) not their financial information system. This study is descriptive and discovered that the financial information system that is technology based which happens to be .the heart of a business organization. The recommendation includes that Financial Information System (FIS) should be given adequate attention by all organizations Key words: Financial Information System, Daddo, Maritime services .


SCHER, ALLEN M., AND ALLAN C. YOUNG. Reflex control of heart rate in the unanestheticed dog. Am. J. Physiol. 218(3) : 780-789. 1970.-Implanted aortic cuffs permitted us to raise or lower arterial pressure sinusoidally over a frequency range from .05 to .20 cycles/set in awake dogs. Vagal and sympathetic heart rate responses could be separated by drugs and by the speed of response. Responses to increased pressure were vagal. Vagal changes in the cardiac interval depended only on the systolic pressure on that beat. There is negligible phase angle between the pressure change and the resulting interval at any frequency and a constant amplification (a change in pressure produces the same change in interval). Sympathetic and vagal effects were combined when pressure was lowered up to 30 mm Hg below normal. Sympathetic changes are characterized by an increasing phase lag (interval lagging pressure) and a decreasing amplification as the frequency of the pressure change increases. Sympathetic effects are strongest under atropine and Nembutal. The resting dog does not change his total peripheral resistance when the arterial pressure is raised. Regulation in the resting, intact dog is mainly via vagal changes in heart rate. There is a strong respiratory effect on heart rate in many animals. Equations are presented to describe the responses.


Three new heterobimetallic acetylene complexes CpNiCo (CO)3 (PPh3) (PhC2C4H4-R-p) [R = H (2), Br (3), COCH2 (4)] have been synthesized in suitable yield (31–47%) via the reaction of (PhC2C3H4-R-p)CO2(CO)5 PPh2 with nickelcene in n-octane. The complex CpNiCo(CO)3 (Ph2C3) (1) has also been obtained in 12% by the reaction of (Ph2C2) Co2 (CO)4 with nickelcene. The complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR and 1H NMR. Electrochemical study of redox couples of these complexes was presented by using cyclic voltammetry on Pt electrodes in acetone. At room temperature, all complexes underwent electrochemically reversible or guasi-reversible oneelectron oxidation or reduction to the stable radicals. The radical anions of the complexes could be easily detected by ESR method in situ electrolysis in the THF solution. The isotropic parameters, CO=2.20mT, = 2.052 for the radical anion of complex 1, CO= 2.20 mT, P = 1.42 mT, =2.057 for the radical anion of complex 2, might indicate that NiCoC2 framework is a delocalized unit and the ligand obitals in the complex have more contribution to the LUMO of the complex.


This paper examines the relationship between the areal expanse of societies, the development of their communication and transportation technologies and the relative size of their governments. Hypotheses derived from Hawley and from Mayhew and Levinger's (a) "Density of Interaction" model are tested with cross-sectional data on 70 nations. As predicted, the availability and development of communication and transportation technology is shown to have a positive effect on the relative size of government, independent of population size and population concentration. Areal expanse, however, is found to be negatively related with the relative size of government in nations with small populations and positively related in nations with large populations and does not confirm the prediction of a monotonic inverse relationship between areadistance and administrative intensity. System constraints and biological limitations of the human organism are offered as possible explanations of this finding. Sociologists and ecologists have long discussed the important effects social density is presumed to have on major dimensions of social organization (cf. Durkheim; Hawley) and recently a theoretical paper by Mayhew and Levinger (a) implied that a social system's conduciveness to interaction might be estimated on the basis of three structural parameters: population size, the average distance between people, and the technology available for overcoming distance. This suggests that investigators wishing to determine the effects of social density (or "interaction density", as Mayhew and Levinger term it) on social organization might employ these structural parameters to estimate the level of social activity and then use this estimate to assess the impact of social density on selected features of social organization.


-The strength of a material may be broadly defined as the ability of the material to resist imposed forces. If is often measured as the maximum stress the material can sustain under specified loading and boundary conditions. The most important specification parameters are particle size and distribution, particle shape and texture, and physical and chemical properties to assess aggregate strength and durability. In with the use of heavier compaction equipment, these materials undergo crushing during compaction and exhibit marked change in their engineering properties. It is essential that the behavior of such materials should he investigated under appropriate stress range to account for the effect of crushing.There are several factors such as type of materials, gradation, particle size that may influence shear strength. However, not many studies exist in the literature that deals with a systematic assessment of above mentioned parametric influence on shear characteristics. Such needs have motivated to formulate this research proposal. There are a lot of model studies reported in the literature for determining shear strength. However, there is a need to evaluate the influence of crushing and effect of particle size on shear strength characteristics of crushed lime stone, sand stone and gravel. Shearing strength of a rock material is the most difficult to comprehend in view of the multitude of factors known to affect it. A lot of maturity and skill may be required on the part of the engineer in interpreting the results of the laboratory tests for application to the conditions in the field. In this study we find out the shear strength of sand stone, limestone and gravel and crushability of different material.


The ubiquity of low-cost, sensor-rich, mobile computing devices has meant that designing context-aware systems is now a common concern in Information Architecture. Because of how prevalent context-aware systems have become, the way in which practitioners design context-aware systems is of great importance. While design frameworks and models have been proposed for context-aware computing systems, there has not yet been research that focuses on how designers' views of context influence Information Architecture practices. To address this, we present an empirical analysis of 11 in-depth interviews with designers of a variety of context-aware systems. Our analysis of these interviews, along with a review of the artifacts produced during the design of these systems, uses the theoretical lens of professional vision to illuminate how designers view, use, and account for context in the design process. Our analysis of the artifacts and interviews reveals that designers' perspectives on context adapted as they addressed the most salient and timely constraints. This results in the designer shifting between representational and interactional views of context rather than having one fixed perspective. This finding suggests that the methods of information architects for context-aware systems need to accommodate shifting perspective on context. We present details of this activity to contribute insight into the practice of information architecture for context-aware systems.


An isokinetic gradient is a density and viscosity gradient, in which the particles during the centrifugation sediment with constant velocity. A numerical method for construction of isokinetic sucrose gradients for gradient centrifugation in B XIV zonal rotors is described, and several examples of gradients for separation of soluble proteins, nucleic acids, ribosomes and polysomes are given. The general usefulness of isokinetic gradients is illustrated by experimental separations of soluble immune complexes and of rat brain RNA.


RECEIVED: February 9, 2020 ACCEPTED FOR PUBLICATION: December 9, 2020 Background Due to decreased abdominal wall musculature, pediatric patients are more predisposed to visceral injury from blunt abdominal trauma. If the pancreas is damaged, the grade of the injury determines the most appropriate management method. While grade 4 pancreatic transections are treated with distal pancreatectomy and optional splenectomy, a central pancreatectomy with Roux-en-Y pancreatojejunostomy may be done instead to prevent type I diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and would be beneficial to a pediatric patient with this injury.


INTRODUCTION Recent studies have shown that using EIT to monitor ventilator dependent patients appears to have much promise (Frerichs et al. 2006). Its application allows a possible view of regional ventilation that is dependant on the amount of positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP). Since EIT is a low resolution imaging modality with nonlinear characteristics, questions arise as to where in the image and to how large will be the area of change. Using a model, this study attempts to answer these questions. This approach would be useful in evaluating various reconstruction algorithms as suggested by Alder et al 2010.


Magnetic properties of organic conductors β′-Et2Me2Sb[Pd(dmit)2]2 (Et = C2H5, Me = CH3), P21/m crystal of EtMe3P[Pd(dmit)2]2 and α-(BETS)2I3 were investigated by muon spin relaxation (μSR) method. It has been suggested that Et2Me2Sb[Pd(dmit)2]2 exhibits a charge separation phase below ∼70 K and that EtMe3P[Pd(dmit)2]2 exhibits a spin-Peierlslike state below ∼25 K although it has a quasi two-dimensional structure. Our zero-field μSR results indicate that these Pd(dmit)2 salts show quite similar behavior to an organic spin-Peierls system although changes in the μSR time spectra of the EtMe3P salt was ambiguous. For α(BETS)2I3, a metal-insulator transition is expected to occur at TMI ∼ 50 K. We observed a slight enhancement of the muon spin relaxation below TMI and it gradually became remarkable at lower temperatures. The present result may reveal the existence of a spin-singlet ground state showing similar temperature dependence of the muon spin relaxation rate to that in the Pd(dmit)2 salts. However, the possibility that the relaxation in this system originates from magnetic fluctuations is also still conceivable.


A fluorescent probe structurally similar to the GFP chromophore is demonstrated to report the local static dielectric constant. This probe can be chemically functionalized for selective targeting at the intracellular level.


Background
Progressive resistance training (PRT) is consistently shown to improve muscle strength in older adults. The efficacy of PRT to improve muscle fatigue in older adults with demonstrated mobility-limitations remains unclear.

Methods
Mobility-limited (Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) ≤9) older adults (age 70 - 92 yrs.) were recruited for this study and randomized to either PRT or home-based flexibility (FLEX) 3 days/week for 12 weeks. Muscle fatigue and strength outcomes were assessed at baseline and 12 weeks. The primary outcome was torque capacity, a composite measure of strength and fatigue, defined as the sum of peak torques from an isokinetic fatigue test.

Results
70 subjects were randomized [mean (SD) age 78.9 (5.4) years; 60% female; mean (SD) SPPB 7.5 (1.6)]. At follow up, the PRT group improved significantly in torque capacity, mean between-group difference (95% CI) 466.19 (138.4, 793.97) Nm; (p = 0.006), and maximal strength 127.3 (60.96, 193.61) Nm; (p = 0.0003), when compared to FLEX. Neither group demonstrated significant changes in muscle fatigue or torque variability.

Conclusion
Twelve weeks of PRT improved torque capacity, as well as strength in mobility-limited older adults. These results demonstrate PRT improves multiple age-related muscular impairments.

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier
NCT03083275.


Integrating robotics and artificial intelligence into military operations has raised complex legal questions regarding their compliance with international law. This paper delves into the multifaceted relationship between robots and international legal norms, exploring their implications in various domains. The study categorizes robotic weapon systems into three classifications based on human involvement: Human in Loop, Human On Loop, and Human Out of Loop systems. It scrutinizes the compliance of these systems with international laws, including International Human Rights Law, with a focus on humanity, the right to life, bodily integrity/security, due process rights, the right to remedy, and the extraterritorial application of human rights. Furthermore, the paper investigates the intersection of robots with International Humanitarian Law. It examines their impact on other international legal regimes, such as the Law of the Sea and Space Law. The analysis extends to the relevance of domestic legal frameworks in governing robotic technologies. By synthesizing these perspectives, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of the legal challenges posed by robots today. Ultimately, it highlights the need for a nuanced and comprehensive approach to ensure that robots comply with international law while serving various societal functions.


This paper presents a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) based energy management strategy (EMS), combined with power filtering for a pure electric vehicle. The electrical power supply is provided by a hybrid energy storage system (HESS), including Li-Ion battery and supercapacitors (SCs), adopting a fully active parallel topology. The vehicle model was organized and constructed using the energetic macroscopic representation (EMR). The main objective of this work is to ensure an efficient power distribution in the proposed dual source, in order to reduce the battery degradation. To evaluate the impact of the developed design and the efficiency of the developed EMS, the proposed FLC strategy is compared to a classical EMS using SCs-filtering strategy and architecture based on battery storage model. To validate the proposed topology, simulation results are provided for the new European driving cycle (NEDC) using MATLAB/Simulink environment.


Abstract : A carbonic anhydrase-based metal ion biosensor was optimized for measuring copper in wastewater and seawater using molecular biology methods. CA variants were prepared that enhanced the copper ion specificity and/or decreased the copper affinity were incorporated into the sensor. We have also incorporated two additional, commercially available fluorescent labels (Alexa Fluor 660 and Oregon Green) into the transducer by covalently labeling a CAII mutant containing a single cysteine residue. Finally, we have used made fusions with fluorescent proteins (dsRed-CA) as a new method of transducing metal ion concentration. These methods will be useful in the development of sensors to determine the concentration of metal ions in wastewater and the ocean.


Abstract. Objectives. To investigate the long‐term effect of radioactive iodine (131I) on thyroid function and size in patients with Graves' disease.


This article presents a number of possible approaches to creating electro-conductive paths and patterns on flat textiles with various structures and raw material compositions. A modifier was selected and the process of creating the electro-conductive paths by screen printing was optimized. The result of this process was evaluated by the measurement of surface resistance and by microscopic analysis using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The durability of the obtained effect was evaluated by analyzing electro-conductive paths after multiple washing cycles and after rubbing.


The concentration of polymer carboxylate groups in polyacrylamide can be critical when these polymers are used in the petroleum industry for improved oil recovery applications. Several techniques have been used to measure the relative amounts of carboxylate and amide groups in the polymer. Comparisons of results obtained with the use of titration, colorimetric analysis, elemental analysis, infrared and 13C NMR spectroscopy for this analysis have appeared in the literature. The 13C NMR technique is interesting because it gives a sequence distribution of carboxylate groups as well as their concentration.


Linguistic typology is a linguistic simple survey of some languages of the world, a study of which type is classified. In addition, this means extending the universality of the relationship between the various grammatical forms and the meaning of the human language. At present, the Chinese grammar community conducts a variety of studies based on the typological perspective, and has received the vocabulary of the vocabulary and the syntactic action of the dichotomy system. However, in addition to these dichotomy system outside the application of the type of perspective to study other forms of action is very inadequate. The most representative of this is the meaning of the 'V1+V2' structure, because its structure to form a 'VP' so many grammatical works in the vocabulary of the action and the syntax of the action look at the discussion. However, in this study, they produce a distinct difference between the structure and the process. For example, the first, 'VP' and 'V1+V2' are different in the two structures, and the second, The nature of '了' added after 'VP' and 'V1+V2' are different. These two issues are mainly discussed.


We discuss the topicality of Socratic dialectic in the learnteaching context and Jacotot ́s perception about that, especially from Rancière, se king to determine the possible motivations of their divergences. The mainly categories of anal ysis are Mead ́s conceptions of competition, cooperation and rivalry; Dascal ́s dispute, discussi on and controversy; Jacotot ́s ignorant and brute schoolmaster. Competition and cooperation are behavior oriented toward a goal, socially determined, and it is the relationship to the goal that holds the individuals together or not; rivalry is a behavior oriented toward another human being, whose worsting is the primary goal. The primary goal of dispute is the beat of ad versary; controversy, persuation; discussion, determination of the truth. We conclude that the di vergence is due to the fact that Jacotot, in his analysis about Socratic dialectic, in the way o f ignorant/brute schoolmaster dichotomy, doesn't recognize the relevance of the instauration of the concept principle for the construction of knowledge and doesn't distinguish between compet ition and rivalry, dispute and discussion. © Cien. Cogn. 2011; Vol. 16 (1): 058-074. Artigo Científico Ciências & Cognição 2011; Vol 16 (1): 058 -074  © Ciências & Cognição Submetido em 16/07/2010 | Revisto em 29/03/2011 | Aceito em 31/03/2011 | ISSN 1806-5821 – Publicado online em 30 de abril de 2011 F.W.O. da Silva Endereço para correspondência: Av. Amazonas, 7675 , Belo Horizonte, MG 30510.000. E-mail para correspondência: f email@example.com .


Let(Mr,T)be a smooth closed manifold of dimension r with a smooth involution T,on the basis of which we investigated the bordism classes of the involutions of a disjoint union of fixed point set with odd-dimensional complex projective spaces,i.e.,F = ∪i=1t∪j=1miCPj(ni())(niis odd).Constructing symmetric polynomial and computing characteristic number,we proved every involution(Mr,T)of fixed Fbounds.


Higher education like ITB, is expected as a pioneer in the use of application in the era of information technology nowadays, including in the Islamic Religious Education program. Information technology can be applied in the teaching and learning instruction of Islamic Religious program, as it can be used by the lecturers to deliver Islamic moral values to ITB students. In the context of Islamic preaching in higher education, ICT can be used as a medium to convey Islamic Religious materials, and it practically contributes to the development of Islamic proselytization for ITB students. As the Islamic youths, university students can take apart as the agents of change in the development of human resources to face the challenge of globalization era including the fast growth of information technology and the opened-accessibility of ASEAN Economic Community (EAC). In this context, the role of technology is crucial in overcoming these rapid changes. This paper is particularly aimed at mapping the Islamic preaching for ITB students. From this notion, it can be noted that online-social media is effective for persuading Islamic values to students. By only one posted-article, it can reach and inspire thousands readers. Besides, it is considered more effective, because the use of social media is not restricted by the specific time and place.


In this paper,N-isopropylacrylamide(PNIPAAm) hydrogels was synthesized in acetone solution by microwave irradiation.Chemical groups,morphologies and textural properties of the PNIPAAm hydrogels were measured separately by means of fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and accelerated surface area and porosimetry apparatus(ASAP-2010).The swelling kinetics and equilibrium swelling ratio of the PN (synthesized by traditional water-bath heating) and PM(synthesized by microwave irradiation) hydrogels were measured and their swelling kinetic parameter were compared.Results showed that using microwave irradiation method could greatly shorten the reaction time from 24h by traditional water-bath heating to 20min under microwave irradiation.SEM micrographs revealed that the PM hydrogels obtained a rough surface,while the surfaces of the PN hydrogels were rather smooth.In addition,the swollen hydrogels synthesized by microwave irradiation had much more interconnected and uniform pores within the matrixes than those of the hydrogels synthesized by normal water-bath heating,which enabled the hydrogels to absorb large amounts of water and led the improvement of their temperature sensitivity.According to the swelling kinetic data,the diffusion of the PM hydrogels at 14℃ belonged to non-Fick diffusion,while it changed into Fick diffusion when the solution temperature arrived at 20℃;the diffusion of the PN hydrogels at 14℃ belonged to CaseⅡ diffusion,while it changed into non-Fick diffusion when the solution temperature arrived at 20℃.


The end users of company's accounting should be able to compare the financial statement of a company in time, in order to identify the tendencies within the financial position and its performance. The users should be able to compare the subsidiary financial statement, in order to ascertain, at any time, the performance, and to assess the financial position and the performance. Thus, the assessment and illustration of the financial effect of the same transactions and activities is to be performed within an entity in a consistent manner and in time for that entity, and in a consistent manner, for different entities. The market-based scorecard, as a management tool, demonstrates its usefulness, given that the top management uses it as a synthesizer of company's vital parameters, on one hand, and a support for taking decisions, on the other hand.


Purpose:  We used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to investigate whether there were any characteristic cortical excitability changes in progressive myoclonic epilepsy (PME) compared to juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME).


Islam is always highlighted by the world, among others in relation to the values of modernity, since some Muslims indeed reject the values contained in the modernity. This paper explains the Muslim response to the values of modernity in the social and political field, as well as the field of science. The social and political field explains issues of nationalism, democratization, and human rights. While in the field of science will highlight the issue of Muslim view of the theory of evolution. A theory that forms the basis for the development of modern science. The modernity that plagues the Islamic world, with all its positive-negative effects, becomes a challenge that Muslims must face today in contemporary times. Muslims are required to work extra hard to develop their potential to solve the problem. Tajdid and ijtihad are efforts by Muslims to preserve and preserve Islamic teachings to conform to modern values .


Objectives For the purpose of restoring the value of music education and forming citizens who can express the arts as a society Positive psychology was reviewed and a plan to apply it to music education was presented.
Methods The background of the emergence of positive psychology and the concepts and contents of Optimism Learning, Strengths Development, Well-being Theory, and Flourish, which constitute positive psychology, were explored, typified, and considered. Based on this, a plan that can be used for music education was presented.
Results As a result first, the degree of optimism of learners for music classes is identified in the form of a basic survey, second, it can be used as a survey of learners' musical strengths, third, a method of reconstructing music classes by reflecting on strengths, and fourth, a way to examine learners' happiness after class using the well-being theory was presented in the form of checks and descriptions.
Conclusions In the current educational environment, the proposal of a music education plan using positive psychology for educational practice for learners to discover music emotion and make it strength through music education shows another possibility.


Peacebuilding studies typically begin with a sentence along the lines of: 'peacebuilding defies a single definition' (Tschirgi 2013, 197), or 'it is difficult to define the concept' (Ryan 2013, 31). However, there is rarely a reflection on exactly why peacebuilding evades definition. Therefore, my aim in this article is to shed some light on what we mean by this concept, by tracing its ontology and application, in the hope of understanding why scholars struggle to define it. In doing so, I argue that there is, somewhat surprisingly, widespread agreement as to what peacebuilding boils down to – an attempt to address and tackle the underlying structures and root causes of conflict. The complexity or difficulty in understanding peacebuilding instead derives from the multiple approaches articulated for addressing a conflict's root causes. In addition to explaining this overall argument, the article offers a brief introduction to peacebuilding, which should particularly be of interest to scholars trying to make sense of what has become a diverse field of study.


Acetic acid, as produced by fermentation method, is valuable compounds of agricultural application, and substrates for preparing natural and industrially uncontaminated products, for example in food and pharmaceutical industry. The practical technology is still unavailable because of high costs of recovery and separation of these product from biomasses. Generally, liquid-liquid extraction remains the basic method for carboxylic acids separation from aqueous media involving the fermentation broths. This method has been recognized as very effective but somewhat exhibiting many disadvantages because of solvents and other operating reagents in respect to bacteria, yeast, or fungi cultures. The problem can be partly solved by using various membrane methods such as: ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis and nanofiltration, membrane electrodialysis, dialysis through charged ionic membranes, membrane extraction, pertraction by using the bulk liquid membranes, emulsion liquid membranes, supported liquid membrane, and finally, by applying a hollow fiber gas membrane [1]. Liquid membranes have great potential for applications in biotechnology and for recovery from fermentation products. A liquid membrane is an insoluble liquid, usually an organic solvent which is selective for a solute, which separates two aqueous phases a feed phase, initially containing the desired solute, and a recovery or stripping phase into which the solute is extracted [2]. In this study, the extraction of acetic acid from aqueous solutions by emulsion type liquid membrane was experimentally investigated, using acetic acid solutions, TBP as carrier, Span 80 as surfactant, and Toluene as solvent. Acetic acid was successfully extracted and concentrated from aqueous solutions using the liquid membrane process in convenient conditions. Analysis of acetic acid samples was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography.


The aim of this thesis is to study the molecular regulation on the level of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1). IRS-1 belongs to insulin receptor substrate (IRS) family, including IRS-1, IRS-2, IRS-3 and IRS-4. They share the conserved Pleckstrin Homology (PH) domain and Phosphotyrosine Binding (PTB) domain at the N-terminal region and various tyrosine phosphorylation sites at C-terminal region. IRS-1 serves as the prototypical protein for IRS family. And IRS-1 plays a pivotal role in transducing insulin signals to regulate various metabolic effects and maintains glucose homeostasis after the binding of insulin to its receptor tyrosine kinase – the insulin receptor (IR), leading to IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation. The defects in the insulin cascade, especially at the level of IRS-1, such as the reduced expression level and hyper Ser/Thr phosphorylation status, contribute to insulin resistance, one of the key features for the obesity, type 2 diabetes and other
 metabolic syndromes. Hence, the understanding of molecular regulation on IRS-1 can provide the basis to pharmaceutical drug designs for the intervention of the obesity and type 2 diabetes. Subcellular components can be separated into different fractions using biochemical ultracentrifugation approach, including crude plasma membrane (PM)/Low Speed Pellet (LSP), High Speed Pellet (HSP) and cytosolic fraction. The HSP fraction contains cytoskeleton elements, endosomes, trafficking vesicles and multiprotein complexes. IRS-1 is found to enrich in this particular fraction, despite IRS-1 showing the cytoplasmic staining by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy (IF). Insulin-stimulated IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation occurs in the HSP, which is important for recruiting and activating its downstream effectors, such as PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase). Our previous study has shown that cytoskeletal elements are not required for the enrichment of IRS-1 in the HSP. Biochemical evidence further
 suggested that the anchoring of IRS-1 in the HSP may be regulated by its binding proteins - IRS-1 Anchoring Proteins (IAPs). IRS-1 can redistribute from the HSP into cytosolic fraction accompanied with hyper Ser/Thr phosphorylation under various insulin resistance mimic conditions, such as by treatment with chronic insulin, okadaic acid (OA). This cytosolic pool of IRS-1 is further targeted by ubiquitin-proteasome for the degradation. Although IRS-1 Ser/Thr phosphorylation, the redistribution and the degradation is closely linked to each other, the mechanisms underneath are not completely clear. We hypothesized that the localization of IRS-1 in the HSP is mediated by association with IRS-1 Anchoring Proteins (IAPs) at IRS-1 Anchoring Domains (IADs), whereas key IRS-1 Ser/Thr phosphorylation events within the IADs promote IRS-1 redistribution from the HSP to the cytosol via the dissociation of IRS-1 with the IAPs and/or the binding of IRS-1 with 14-3-3 proteins, contributing to
 signalling attenuation. Therefore, the aims of this project are to: 1) investigate the role for putative key IRS-1 Ser/Thr phosphorylation on IRS-1 distribution; 2) identify IAPs, whichre gulate the localization of IRS-1 in the HSP and IRS-1 distribution. Previous studyies from our group identified IRS-1 Mid-domain can serve as an IRS-1 Anchoring Domain (IAD), which is required for IRS-1 localization to the HSP fraction. Here, I further demonstrated that IRS-1, indeed, contains another IAD – the N-terminal domain of IRS-1. Both domains have ability to redistribute into the cytosolic fraction, when treated with OA, showing the similar characteristics as full length IRS-1. On the other hand, inhibition of PI3K pathway by LY294002, but not mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) pathway by rapamycin prevented the distribution of the N-terminal domain. Additionally, both inhibitors had no effects on the Mid-domain, indicating the different mechanisms of IRS-1 Ser/Thr phosphorylation within
 these two domains for IRS-1 distribution. Experiments further demonstrated that Protein a specifically associates with IRS-1 at the Mid-domain and their binding decreased after insulin stimulation. Thus Protein a may represent a candidate for IAP. IRS-1 contains over 150 putative Ser/Thr phosphorylation sites. Due to the limitation of known Ser/Thr phosphorylation sites and the availability of phospho-specific IRS-1 Ser/Thr antibodies, hence, it is extremely challenging to identify which IRS-1 Ser/Thr sites can act as the key sites for IRS-1 distribution. However, in the combination of phospho-specific IRS-1 Ser/Thr antibodies and site-directed mutagenesis approaches, they can provide useful information for the better understanding of IRS-1 Ser/Thr phosphorylation and IRS-1 regulation. For example, recent studies have shown a negative role for IRS-1 Ser24 phosphorylation within the PH domain in insulin signalling. Consistent with this, I was able to provide the evidence that a role
 for PKCe in IRS-1 Ser24 phosphorylation and firstly reported that IRS-1 Ser24 phosphorylation was elevated in a diet-induced obese mouse model. In silico approach has been demonstrated that IRS-1 Ser58 in the PH domain and Thr191/186 within the PTB domain are also located in the putative PKC phosphorylation motif. Interestingly, abolishing/mimicking phosphorylation on these sites synergistically (named as IRS-13A and IRS-13D/3E) in transfected Chinese Hamster Ovary cells stably overexpressing the IR (CHO.IR) impaired insulin-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation on the IR and IRS-1, and altered IRS-1 distribution patterns. Experiments from the individual mutants further demonstrated that abolishing/mimicking IRS-1 Thr186/191 phosphorylation alone impaired tyrosine phosphorylation on both the IR and IRS-1 level in transfected CHO.IR cells. However, we could not provide the evidence that IRS-1 Thr186/191 is a Bona fide phosphorylation site. Nevertheless, the data suggested that these
 sites may be required for the integrity and functions of the PH and PTB domains of IRS-1. IRS-1 Ser302 and Ser307 within the N-terminal domain have been considered as negative regulators for insulin signalling. But, IRS-1 distribution patterns were not altered when phosphoablating or phosphomimicking these two sites synergistically on full length IRS-1 (named as IRS-12A and IRS-12D) in transfected CHO.IR cells from this study. However, in the absence of the Mid-domain (IRS-1ΔMid), phosphoablated mutant - IRS-12A-ΔMid can increase its localization in the HSP, compared with phosphomimetic mutant - IRS-12D-ΔMid, suggesting IRS-1 Ser/Thr phosphorylation within these two domains coordinates to regulate IRS-1 distribution. On the other hand, certain single IRS-1 Ser/Thr phosphorylation alone may be sufficient for IRS-1 redistribution. IRS-1 Ser522 residue is such a case, as abolishing or mimicking IRS-1 Ser522 phosphorylation by IRS-1S522A or IRS-1S522D increased the localization of IRS-1
 in the HSP from transfected CHO.IR cells, suggesting the roles for 14-3-3 binding and IRS-1 distribution. I further showed that IRS-1 Ser522 can be phosphorylated by multiple pathways, which can be regulated by PI3K-dependent pathway upon insulin stimulation or by c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-dependent pathway when treated by tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) in 3T3-L1 adipoctes, and importantly, its phosphorylation was significantly increased in the skeletal muscle and liver samples from diet-induced obese mice model, indicating its pathophysiological significance. When using phospho-specific IRS-1 Ser antibodies to correlate between IRS-1 Ser phosphorylation and distribution profiles, the data indicated the contributions of the individual IRS-1 Ser phosphorylation to IRS-1 distribution are different. For example, the stoichiometry IRS-1 Ser307, Ser522 and Ser632 phosphorylation levels were higher in the cytosolic fractions, whereas IRS-1 Ser612 phosphorylation was only detected in
 the HSP from both the CHO.IR.IRS-1 and 3T3-L1 adipocytes, suggesting the complexity of IRS-1 Ser/Thr phosphorylation in IRS-1 redistribution. Nevertheless, mapping each IRS-1 Ser/Thr phosphorylation kinetics and distribution profiles would give us more insights for their roles in IRS-1 redistribution. Overall, the localization of IRS-1 in the HSP is critical for its functions, which is regulated by IAPs, whereas IRS-1 Ser/Thr phosphorylation mainly plays a negative role in insulin signalling. IRS-1 Ser/Thr phosphorylation events within the IADs - the N-terminal and Mid-domain coordinate to regulate IRS-1 redistribution into cytosolic fractions and contribute to insulin signalling attenuation. Thus, IRS-1 Ser/Thr phosphorylation could dissociate IRS-1 from IAPs in the HSP, promotes IRS-1 redistribution. Although the mechanisms of IRS-1 Ser/Thr phosphorylation to IRS-1 redistribution are still not completely clear, our progress to the better understanding of molecular co-ordination on
 IRS-1 will improve drug lead design, for example, small molecules targeting to multiple kinases, for insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.


Lighter shoes have been shown to improve running economy; however this same phenomenon has not been investigated in basketball shoes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the physiological effects of basketball shoes of different masses during an on-court, game like scenario. Twelve male basketball players participated in this study. One shoe that was modified to have three different masses (Light, Medium, and Heavy) was evaluated in this study. Subjects completed a basketball-specific 20 minute fieldbased work protocol (Basketball-20) in each shoe on three different days while five physiological variables of interest were collected. The light shoe condition resulted in significantly lower oxygen consumption, ventilation, and rate of energy expenditure than the medium and heavy conditions.


An EDFA uses commercially available erbium-doped fiber in a unique design that is optimized to amplify CWDM channels in the C-and L-bands of the spectrum. Low-cost, wide-bandwidth, flat-gain and low-noise-figure performance is achieved.


In chemical environments such as those encountered in the semiconductor industry it is important to specify a complete pumping system including pumps, accessories, oils, and an operating procedure. The paper discusses certain features of the pump design that are important in ensuring reliability when pumping aggressive materials. Further the accessories designed to augment the performance of the pump in aggressive situations are discussed with specific data on their performance under controlled conditions. Special attention is given to a range of oils and oil filtration methods, as in most cases it is the results of oil degradation and contamination that cause operating difficulties in aggressive atmospheres.


what is being implied here is an endorsement of a programme of gender restructuring that positions itself more firmly within the social and physical spaces of reproductive biomedicine and its practitioners? From an ethnographic point of view, the book does thickly describe aspects of current preand post-natal and birthing practices, and I was impressed to see interview guides, seldom included in ethnographies. It would have been nice to see these in Tamil, to understand the nuances of interviews, which appear to have been conducted by the author in Tamil. Men, unfortunately, are presented as shadowy figures who contribute little to maternity and birth, or as demanding patriarchs. Also, odd for a book about birth and gender, the grandmother's traditional knowledge and the culturally valued significance of this knowledge in post-natal care is downplayed. The pregnant and birthing women, moreover, are portrayed as vulnerable recipients of patriarchal culture, or self-serving practitioners of biomedicine. The 'voices' of the poor, lower-caste women of Tamil Nadu thus seem incidental to the strong endorsement of development as a carrier of new cultural gender values in Tamil Nadu.


The purpose of data and safety monitoring is to ensure the safety of subject and the validity,integrity and accuracy of the data in clinical trials. Data and safety monitoring plans (DSMP),approved by Institutional Review Board (IRB),is indispensable in clinical trials. DSMP consists of protocol outline,trial management,data management and analysis,quality assurance,regulations,safety,efficacy,DSMP execution,data and safety monitoring board plan (If desired). The following aspects should be taken into account when making data and safety monitoring plans:e.g. study risk,study phase,trial design,disease/syndrome of the study,study population,study intervention,endpoints/outcome variables,et al. The monitoring degree depends on the risks,size and complexity of the trials.


Fortunately for us, there were no teaching positions available to the precocious young graduate of the University of Rochester's Eastman School of Music in June 1928. To support himself and his young wife, he returned to his parents' town, Palmyra, New York, where he played organ and taught a class of piano students privately until the 1930--31 academic year when he filled in for the head of the piano department at Juniata College, a small liberal arts college in Huntingdon, Pennsylvania. At the end of that year he returned to Palmyra with his wife and infant son. Not long after, he received a telegram from Carl Engel, Chief of the Music Division of the Library of Congress--to whom he had applied three years earlier(1)--asking what salary it would take to bring him to Washington. The young musicologist, Edward Neighbor Waters, asked Otto Kinkeldey, then Librarian of Cornell University, what to respond. Kinkeldey suggested $1800, to which Engel replied "If you can come for $1620 the position is yours."(2) So on 1 October 1931, Waters began his forty-five year career in the Music Division of the Library of Congress. Born in Leavenworth, Kansas on 23 July 1906, he was the son of Emma Louise (Neighbor) and Charles Andrew Waters. The elder Waters, a hero of the Philippine Insurrection at the turn of the century, was then a guard at the federal prison in Leavenworth. In April of 1918 the family moved back to Western New York to care for Emma's ill mother. There, the menage included the ill grandmother, her maiden sister, Emma, Charles, Edward, and his siblings Robert and George.(3) Edward completed high school in three years and entered the University of Rochester where he majored in piano and theory at the Eastman School of Music. Max Landow was his piano teacher there.(4) For his non-music courses he traveled to the old campus of the University of Rochester on University Avenue--the River campus had not yet been built. He earned his B.A. in 1927 and remained another year, receiving his M.A. in musicology in 1928; Donald N. Tweedy was his major professor.(5) Waters's initial title at the Library of Congress was assistant librarian in the Music Division. His duties included serving the public, cataloguing music, and selecting copyright deposits to be added to the Music Division's collection. The practice of screening the music copyright deposits was first described to this author in 1974 by Harold Spivacke, Assistant Chief of the Music Division 1934--37, Chief, 1937--72.(6) After Spivacke became Chief, he revised the process so that all copyright deposits were accepted by the Music Division but catalogued selectively. Uncatalogued items were shelved alphabetically by composer within the appropriate classification number. Hand-typed catalogue cards for music were prepared within the Music Division by its staff; books, on the other hand, were catalogued in the Catalog Department, where printed cards were prepared. In 1934 Carl Engel resigned as Chief of the Music Division; Oliver Strunk succeeded him, Harold Spivacke was appointed Assistant Chief, and Waters was promoted to Head of Reference in the Music Division. In that same year Waters expanded his arena of activities by succeeding Strunk as program annotator for the National Symphony Orchestra, an appointment he retained for nine seasons (1934/35--1942/43). By 1937 both Spivacke and Waters were quietly looking for other positions because of internal dissatisfaction with Strunk as Chief. Mrs. Elizabeth Sprague coolidge, donor of the Coolidge Auditorium, its chamber music concerts, and a series of commissions of chamber music compositions, was particularly unhappy with Strunk.(7) The situation was resolved when Strunk resigned and was appointed to the faculty of Princeton University, where he remained until his retirement in 1966. Spivacke became Acting Chief on 1 July 1937, Waters Assistant Chief.(8) Again Waters succeeded Strunk by assuming his post as lecturer in bibliography and musicology at Catholic University in Washington. …


This article offers an overview of the legal responses to age discrimination in Poland. It explores the system of legal protection before the accession of Poland to the European Union, and looks too at the situation after the implementation of Council Directive 2000/78/EC. It argues that Community law has enhanced protection against age discrimination significantly, but that legislation remains far from perfect, and that the effective eradication of this form of discrimination in Poland is impeded by a range of difficulties typically found in countries with a Communist past.


The application of lasers to achieve localized thermal tissue damage is a common technique in minimally invasive surgery. Currently, there is no control during these treatments. In glaucoma therapy the laser energy applied and the beam direction are estimated prior to treatment, according to clinical experience and anatomic norm values. This lack of on-line control may limit success and lead to side effects. Precision and efficiency of treatment could be improved markedly by analysis of spatially resolved, temperature-dependent data obtained by Ultrasound Reflectometry. Thermally induced changes, as well as their localization were detected qualitatively in B-scan. Quantification was achieved by integration of high frequency RF-signals with the following resolution: spatial 50 micrometers , temporal 200 microsecond(s) , temperature 0.5 degree(s). The presented method is suitable for a non-invasive on-line therapy control.


This study presents results of the mineralogical and petrographical analysis of Kalenderberg household and burial ceramics from three important localities in Slovakia. The questions of raw material provenance, forming techniques of the vessels and firing conditions were inferred from the mineralogical and petrographic characteristics of analysed sherds. The household pottery from Dunajská Lužná – Nové Košariská and Dolné Janíky was made from alluvial sediments of the Danube River and was fired at 700-800°C, occasionally 900°C for secondary over-fired ceramics from burned dwellings. The pottery from Castle Devín was made either from clayey sediments of Studienske formations (group DH1) or alluvial sediments (group DH2). The firing temperature reached 600-700°C for group DH1 and 700-800°C for group DH2. All analysed pottery was made by modelling techniques, especially by drawing or pinching technique.