Rapid-transit systems, commonly referred to as metros or subways, offer a cost-effective and sustainable solution to tackle modern-day problems of urban congestion. However, the planning, design, construction, operation and maintenance of rapid-transit networks pose monumental challenges to civic authorities. Building information modelling (BIM) offers numerous opportunities to leverage the benefits of three-dimensional modelling and four-dimensional simulations to plan and manage construction of these facilities alongside existing operations. Post-construction and commissioning, the BIM model can then be used to operate and maintain the facility more efficiently through integration with asset-monitoring systems. The use of BIM for transit infrastructure is in its early stages and is far from being standardised. This paper attempts to provide a preliminary overview that can form the basis for a more detailed review of BIM applications relevant to rapid-transit schemes during different phases of project de...


This study was aim to optimize the separation of nicotine in tobacco products sample. The tobacco products are cigarette and local chewing tobacco. The main objective of the
study is to optimize capillary electrophoresis (CE) separation for nicotine. Two type of buffer was compared Citrate buffer and sodium phosphate, where both buffer was also tested at different pH pH 2.5, 4.5 and 9.5 .Sodium phosphate buffer with pH 2.5 was chosen as a running buffer due to high and symmetrical peak. The buffer then is tested
on using different concentration 10mM, 25mM, 50mM and 100mM. Buffer with a high concentration increases the migration time slightly. Based .on the result sodium phosphate buffer pH 2.5 with 100mM was use in the sample analyze using CE and the condition was 10cm capillary length, UV detection at 260 nm, sample injection 0.5 psi, for 5 s at 30ÂoC with 5 kV applied voltage. Sample was analyze using the optimized
method after extraction and the result was Cigarette (12.921 ppm) have almost double the nicotine contain compare to local chewing tobacco (7.572 ppm).


BACKGROUND: In recent years, an important role in the pathogenesis of adenomyosis has been assigned to invasive properties of the cells of the basal layer of the endometrium, which provide them with the capacity to grow into the underlying layers of the myometrium.
AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the invasive and migratory properties of the ectopic and heterotopic endometrium in patients with adenomyosis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed clinical, morphological and immunohistochemical analyses of the surgical material of 98 patients with adenomyosis. Immunohistochemical study was carried out according to the standard avidin-biotin method, using mouse monoclonal antibodies to estrogen receptors, matrix metalloproteinase type 9, vimentin, and fibronectin (DAKO, Denmark) as primary immune sera.
RESULTS: The maximum number of estrogen receptors in both the proliferation and secretion phases was found in the endometrial glands and superficially located endometrioid heterotopias. A weaker expression of this marker was also found in the cells of the cytogenic stroma. In the foci of adenomyosis, located in the deep layers of the myometrium, the expression of estrogen receptors in the epithelial and stromal components of heterotopias varied in a wide range from 0 to 100%. The most pronounced expression of matrix metalloproteinase type 9 was characteristic of the epithelial component of superficial endometrioid heterotopias. In the foci of adenomyosis, located in the deep parts of the myometrium, a pronounced expression of matrix metalloproteinase type 9 was preserved in the proliferation phase, and its significant decrease was found in the secretion phase. The glands of the eutopic endometrium were also characterized by a more significant level of matrix metalloproteinase type 9 expression in the proliferation phase in comparison with the secretion phase. A pronounced expression of vimentin was detected in the epithelium of the glands of both superficial and deep foci of adenomyosis, as well as in the eutopic endometrium (100%). In the cytogenic stroma, the largest area of vimentin expression was found in the eutopic endometrium and superficially located endometrioid heterotopias. However, its value significantly decreased in the foci of adenomyosis located in the deep parts of the myometrium. The largest area of fibronectin expression was characteristic of the cytogenic stroma of superficial adenomyosis foci.
CONCLUSIONS: The displacement of elements of the eutopic endometrium into the thickness of the myometrium and further progression of adenomyosis is provided by two parallel pathogenetic mechanisms, namely, invasive growth due to matrix metalloproteinase type 9 activation and epithelial cell migration due to the epithelial-mesenchymal transition.


The medium pressure ( the pressure of low-pressure generator ) for LiBr/H2O two-stage absorption refrigeration system is predicted by theoretical analysis. The range and calculation formulas of medium pressure are obtained to provide the basis for the design of two-stage absorption refrigeration system.


In Canada, Stoloniferous Pussytoes, Antennaria flagellaris , is restricted to the Similkameen River valley south of Princeton, in south-western British Columbia. The three populations represent the northern limits of the species which ranges from southwestern British Columbia, south in the western United States to Idaho, Wyoming, Nevada and California. In British Columbia, Antennaria flagellaris is associated with eroded, unstable, calcareous clay seepage slopes on open, southerly aspects. This habitat is infrequent in the Similkameen River area and the few existing plant populations could easily be extirpated through slight changes in drainage through drilling for coalbed methane gas, road-building, or housing development.


Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) can be excited only by the transverse magnetic (TM)-polarized light in the conventional SPR sensor, whereas the lossy-mode resonance (LMR) can be achieved with both ...


Chinese spell checkers are more difficult to develop because of two language features: 1) there are no word boundaries, and a character may function as a word or a word morpheme; and 2) the Chinese character set contains more than ten thousand characters. The former makes it difficult for a spell checker to detect spelling errors, and the latter makes it difficult for a spell checker to construct error models. We develop a word lattice decoding model for a Chinese spell checker that addresses these difficulties. The model performs word segmentation and error correction simultaneously, thereby solving the word boundary problem. The model corrects nonword errors as well as real-word errors. In order to better estimate the error distribution of large character sets for error models, we also propose a methodology to extract spelling error samples automatically from the Google web 1T corpus. Due to the large quantity of data in the Google web 1T corpus, many spelling error samples can be extracted, better reflecting spelling error distributions in the real world. Finally, in order to improve the spell checker for real applications, we produce n-best suggestions for spelling error corrections. We test our proposed approach with the Bakeoff 2013 CSC Datasets; the results show that the proposed methods with the error model significantly outperform the performance of Chinese spell checkers that do not use error models.


The record of Zigong well salt contracts are important literatures in salt industry history and significant documents in salt production files.Studies at home mainly concentrate on the production situation of well salt as well as the prosperity history of salt businesspersons and the business model of well salt.However,studies on the land capitalization phenomena in well salt production reflected in Zigong well salt contracts are few.This article adopts the classical land capitalization pattern of Marxian political economy to research the land capitalization phenomenon reflected in Zigong well salt contracts,and hopes it can be helpful for current land capitalization reform in rural areas of China.


Margatiga Dam is located at Lampung Province. The potential of high land acquisition cost may affect the total construction cost of the dam. A simulation needs to be conducted to calculate the volume of the dam reservoir with optimum reliability and benefit value. Calculation of the dam reservoir uses the storage capacity curve based on topographic map to derive the size area and reservoir volume on each elevation, a simulation is done afterwards to obtain the exact elevation of the optimum volume of reservoir. Simulation is conducted with three elevation alternatives; the spillway crest's initial elevation of +22m, the raised elevation of +22,5m, and the lowered elevation of +21m. It can be concluded from the evaluation that spillway crest's elevation with most benefit value is at an elevation of +22m with the reservoir reliability of 99,64%, BCR of 1,63, and the IRR of 13,34% with the total cost of Rp1.929.918.493.283.


In order to search the new utilization mode of residual energy and heat of blast furnace,and seek the ways that could improve the utilization efficiency of residual energy and heat from thermodynamic point,a closed regenerative Brayton cycle CCHP(combined cooling,heating and power)plant driven by residual energy and heat of blast furnace was established.Finite time thermodynamics was applied to investigate the exergy output rate and exergy efficiency.By numerical calculation,the selection of regenerator's heat conductance and heat to power ratio was discussed,and the cycle pressure ratio was optimized.The influences of design parameters such as gas release rate,efficiencies of compressor and turbine,temperature of refrigeration and heat supply,flue gas-side heat conductance of hot blast stove,etc.on optimal exergetic performances of the equipment were analyzed.It was found that there existed optimal heating temperature which lead to a maximum exergy output rate and a maximum exergy efficiency separately.


I reply to the new arguments of Mu\~noz et al. (arXiv:1308.0638) regarding our controversy on non-equilibrium Green functions of the impurity Anderson model, and to new unfounded criticism to my paper Ref. 1 (arXiv:1110.0816). In particular, I show that the lesser self energy given in Ref. 1 does satisfy a Ward identity. References are updated.


chosen sources are mid-to-late-1970s journalistic reports, strategic studies papers, and quarterly articles. As a result, large chunks of the narrative (completed in AugustSeptember 1980) read like a survey prepared for a 1979 or 1980 yearbook on international affairs. As well taken as 70-80 percent of the authors' contemporary assessments may be, they are, in effect, only snapshots lacking any consistent historical perspective. Without such a perspective, they quickly lose their relevance and usefulness. The discussion which fills most of this volume is best consumed when "fresh," by current events specialists and policy makers, in the appropriate format of a periodical article or mimeographed memorandum.


Chaenothecopsis sitchensis and Chaenothecopsis tsugae (Ascomycota, Mycocaliciaceae) are described as new from western North America. Both species grow on conifer resin in wet temperate forests. While they have so far only been collected from Oregon, they may have wide distributions in the Pacific Northwest. Both species occur in specialized microhabitats and can be difficult to find. The genus Chaenothecopsis Vain (Ascomycota, Mycocaliciaceae), is characterized by rather small, non-septate or 1-septate ascospores produced in well stalked or sessile ascomata (Schmidt 1970; Tibell 1984; Titov & Tibell 1992). Like other members of the Mycocaliciaceae they have active ascospore dispersal and a well-developed apical apparatus in the asci. Chaenothecopsis species are either saprobic or parasitic and they associate with algae only as parasymbionts of lichens or parasites of lichens or free-living algae. A number of Chaenothecopsis species occur exclusively on the exudate of vascular plants (Tibell & Titov 1995). Most of these fungi grow on the resin of coniferous trees, and they have been recorded from a variety of hosts, including species of Abies, Larix, Picea, and Pinus. Most species of resinicolous Chaenothecopsis have so far only been reported from temperate forests of East Asia. However, they have a long evolutionary history, as exemplified by a specimen in amber dating back to over 20 million years ago (Rikkinen & Poinar, pers. comm.). During recent field work in western North America, I collected material of several undescribed Chaenothecopsis species on conifer resin. Two of these are described below. Measurements are given as (minimum) mean + s.d. (maximum), or as more intuitive estimates of common ranges. Subjects for all measurements were chosen arbitrarily but without preconceived bias. For ascus and spore measurements a precision of 0.5 psm was used; for capitulum diameter and stalk width a precision of 25 pam was used, and for ascomata height a precision of 0.1 mm was used. Ascomata height, capitulum diameter, and stalk width were measured from dry ascomata under incident light. All other measurements were made from sections mounted in water. CHAENOTHECOPSIS SITCHENSIS Rikkinen, sp. nov. (FIGs. 1-2) Supra exudatum coniferarum, algae in substrato non absunt. Ascomata satis variabilia, vulgo magna, (1.2)2.05.2(16.0) mm alta. Capitulum lenticulare vel subhemisphericum, nigrum. Stipes longissimus, gracilis, rectus vel flexuosus, nigra vel viridula. Omnes partes apotheciorum K+ luteo-virides, dissolvens. Asci magna, 50.0-60.0 x 3.5-4.5 pm, cylindrici. Sporae uniseptatae, anguste ellipsoideae ad cylindricae, pallide brunneae, (7.5)8.010.2(11.5) x (3.0)3.1-3.7(4.0) pm, ornamento minuto


A Call for Future-Minded Educators: A Review of The Second Machine Age: Work, Progress, and Prosperity in a Time of Brilliant Technologies Brynjolfsson, E., & McAfee, A. (2014). The Second Machine Age: Work, Progress, and Prosperity in a Time of Brilliant Technologies. New York City, NY: W. W. Norton & Company. 320 pages. ISBN 978-0-393-23935-5The author reviews a book that explores the expansion of technology and its implications in the world of education.IntroductionHistory reveals that the steam engine conquered the constraints of muscle power and started the Industrial Revolution. The authors of this informational book, The Second Machine Age: Work, Progress, and Prosperity in a Time of Brilliant Technologies, skillfully remind readers of the dramatic role of this first machine age to promote insight into what they call "the second machine age." Technology, through computers and digitization, has harnessed mental power.Brynjolfsson and McAfee, MIT professors, deliver an easy-to-read description of the history of technology, its impact on the world, and future implications. Modern technologies have accomplished what had been called impossible. Computers have now mastered complex skills such as driving cars. The exponential growth patterns and the possibilities of recombinant innovation will continue to produce unimaginable advances, many of which will upstage professional and blue-collar workers. Most people have recognized that technology has changed everyday life, but these two experts bring to light the details of recent developments and explain the possible societal and economic impact. They give a heads up on what the future could hold and advice on how to reap the benefits but avoid the problems. Included is a call for educators to embrace this future vision and to prepare students for the challenges offered by a world of unprecedented change and advancement. Educators must implement practices that foster the marketable skills that will be needed to survive.The FutureBrynjolfsson and McAfee present projections for the future that are somewhat frightening. Technology is swiftly advancing and has taken over many jobs previously held by humans. Presently, the economy has already weakened as both the workforce and wages are declining. Technological unemployment is a threat.However, there is hope. The authors assure readers that humans still have an important, irreplaceable role in the workforce. Technologies work best with people alongside them. Computers cannot create new ideas; humans monopolize innovation and creativity. The authors provide several short-term and long-term ideas as to how to prepare for future needs in the workforce. One of those is to revamp education.Education ReformThe authors not only assign vital importance to the role of education in establishing a solid future, but Brynjolfsson and McAfee also give specific advice on how to "teach children well" (p. …


Malaysia is a country that is based on a plural society with the differences of races and religions followers. Islam and the Malays are pillars of the country based on provisions in the Constitution through Article 3 (1) that Islam is the Federal religion. The Islam that is intended in the Constitution is based on the Ahli Sunnah Wal Jamaah method. The challenge of the country's national unity is when the reality in Malaysia practices an integration system where the minority maintain their cultural identity while living with the majority or dominant race, namely the Malays and Muslims. The objective of the study is to analyze the Wasatiyyah method in developing the national unity of the country according to the Ahli Sunnah Wal Jamaah method. The methodology used in this study is a qualitative method through library research by referring to theses, journals, newspapers and also scientific books that are related to the research topic. Based on the analysis carried out, the author found that manhaj wasatiyyah is the best approach in creating harmony among Malaysians of various races and religions to develop the country's national unity. This Wasatiyyah method coincides with the Ahli Sunnah Wal Jamaah method to ensure that Islam and the Malays become pillars of this unity based on the historical reality and identity of Malaysia.


Magnetospheric convection can be seen as a form of interchange motions, but unlike in an ideal MHD system, is subject to the ionospheric boundary condition. For general time-dependent interchanges, the Hall current in the ionosphere generates a field-aligned current independent of any background gradients. The effect of the Hall conductivity on time-dependent convection is isolated through a simple box model where pressure gradient and field line curvature are suppressed. Mathematical analysis suggests that the Hall conductivity can destabilize interchange modes with long longitudinal wavelength. The finding comes at the expense of a high degree of geometrical idealization. More realistic computations are needed to test the theory.


For the cold rolling production system with backlogging,a multi-stage production-inventory model is developed to minimize overall inventory costs,tardiness penalties and setup costs with the fully consideration of unallowable shutdown on some operations and the consistency between planning and scheduling.An effective Lagrangian relaxation approach based on variable splitting is proposed to solve the problem.A numerical experiment composed of 120 instances is designed based on the actual production data from the cold rolling mill.Computational results show that high quality solutions can be found in a reasonable time.


A recently proposed scenario decomposition algorithm for stochastic 0-1 programs finds an optimal solution by evaluating and removing individual solutions that are discovered by solving scenario subproblems. In this work, we develop an asynchronous, distributed implementation of the algorithm which has computational advantages over existing synchronous implementations of the algorithm. Improvements to both the synchronous and asynchronous algorithm are proposed. We test the results on well known stochastic 0-1 programs from the SIPLIB test library and is able to solve one previously unsolved instance from the test set.


In order to protect image effectively,a multiple chaotic image encryption algorithm based on Hash function and multiple chaotic systems is presented,which implemented image encryption through shuffling and substituting.In the pixel permutation process,Lorenz chaotic system and Hash function is employed.In the process of grey value substituting,an image grey level scrambling algorithm based on polyalphabetic substitution cipher and Logistic chaotic system is proposed,at last,the grey is diffused.Theoretical analyses and simulated experiment show that,the proposed algorithm has excellent performances against attacks,in particular statistical attacks,differential attacks,limited attacks and chosen plain image attack.


Based on a search for multi-periodic variability among the semi-regular red variable stars in the database of the All Sky Automated Survey (ASAS), a sample of 72 typical examples is presented. Their period analysis was performed using the Discrete Fourier Transform. In 41 stars we identified two significant periods each, simultaneously present, while the remaining 31 cases revealed even three such periods per star. They occur in a range roughly between 50 and 3000 days. Inter-relationships between these periods were analyzed using the "double period diagram" which compares adjacent periods, and the so-called "Petersen diagram", the period ratio vs. the shorter period. In both diagrams we could identify six sequences of accumulation of the period values. For five of these sequences (containing 97 % of all data points) we found an almost perfect coincidence with those of previous studies which were based on very different samples of semiregular red variables. Therefore, existence and locations of these sequences in the diagrams seem to be universal features, which appear in any data set of semi-regularly variable red giants of the AGB; we conclude that they are caused by different pulsation modes as the typical and consistent properties of similar stellar AGB configurations. Stellar pulsations can be considered as the principal cause of the observed periodic variability of these stars, and not binary, rotation of a spotted surface or other possible reasons suggested in the literature. (© 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. RAND's publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. R® is a registered trademark. iii Preface For a relatively young service, the U.S. Air Force has a remarkably rich intellectual history. Even before the Air Force's official formation, the development of airpower has been dotted with such visionaries as Billy Mitchell and Henry " Hap " Arnold. The trend continued after the service's formation with such airmen as John Boyd, Richard " Moody " Suter, and John Warden, who were years, if not decades, ahead of their time. At the same time, however, the Air Force's long-term plans have not always proved particularly farsighted or even notable. Indeed, many of the Air Force's senior leaders are skeptical of long-term strategic planning, and some even question why public strategies are produced altogether. 1 This study, conducted in RAND Project AIR FORCE's Strategy and Doctrine Program, asks the following question: With the Air Force facing increasing pressure to cut its headquarters staff, are public strategic-planning documents worth the time and energy required to produce them? It looks at what the Air Force has gotten out of its previous strategic-planning efforts. This report examines the evolution of Air Force strategic documents, particularly those produced after the Cold War. The report studies the purpose for these various strategies, the process by which they were created, and the effect these documents had on the service and other key constituencies. It concludes with lessons for Air Force leaders in developing future strategies. 2 This report should be of value to the national security community and interested members of the general public, especially those with an interest in strategic plans and the history of the …


Eugenia Cheng's book "How to Bake Pi" has some tasty little tidbits you really wish you'd learned in elementary and high school. I'm only a


The present condition and development trend of the principal equipment for repulping, screening, cleaning, flotation and hot disper-sion in wastepaper deinking system are introduced in this paper. For the pulping equipment, the rotor drum continuous pulper is a direction ofdevelopment; for the screening equipment, the structure of the screen frame, the precision of the screen slot and the combination of the stages ofscreens are paid more attention; for the floatation tank, Ecocell type floatation tank is the most common, but the new flotation column will bedeveloped in the future; for the heat dispersion equipment, the more perfect disc type heat dispersion system is among the development trend.In a word, low energy consumption, high efficiency, automation, continuousness, large specification and high yield are the trend of development.


Abstract : Military system acquisition management decisions can be both untimely and uninformed, according to the author, due to the adverse effects of communication breakdown and filtering of information. An acquisition group decision support system (AGDSS), defined in this thesis, seeks to maintain acquisition team integrity and provides the necessary information processing capacity to mitigate the impact of these effects. The combination of such key technologies as local area networks, word processing, graphics, data base management, and video conferencing, is employed, which can free acquisition team members of mundane paperwork and afford them extraordinary decision making capabilities. These capabilities promise to result in more timely and better informed decisions. An example is provided to illustrate the application of an AGDSS to an acquisition-related problem and to show the benefits that can be derived from the output of the AGDSS. Finally, a system-level specification describing the performance and interface requirements is presented.


It is essential to achieve quantitative accuracy of radioactivity concentrations (Bq/ml) when performing compartmental modeling and kinetic analysis of dynamic sequences of reconstructed PET images. Dynamic PET data can be acquired in list mode, and often is preferred over frame mode acquisitions due to the flexibility of reformatting the list mode data into different dynamic image sequences after the acquisition is complete. However, most PET data is acquired as static frames. It therefore is important to evaluate the quantitative accuracy of list mode or dynamic PET acquisitions prior to their use for clinical or research applications. We evaluated the quantitative accuracy of list mode acquisitions obtained with a Siemens Biograph 16 PET/CT scanner at our institution; the image data were acquired from an anthropomorphic phantom (Data Spectrum, Hillsborough, NC) filled with an aqueous solution of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG). PET data were acquired with the phantom for the following three different configurations: (1) with nonradioactive water in the body compartment, and aqueous solution of 18F-FDG only in a finable cylindrical insert to mimic the first few seconds of highly concentrated radioactivity within the field of view such as that in major venous or pulmonary vessels, or in the right or left cardiac ventricles, (2) with radioactivity throughout the entire body compartment and imaged within 3 min time frames in list mode, and (3) with radioactivity throughout the body compartment and imaged in list mode and reformatted into sequential time frames having intervals of 3, 10, 20, 30, 50, 67 sec, respectively (i.e., total of 180 sec). All measured concentration values were compared against values acquired from static images or against true values calculated from injected dose corrected for physical decay of 18F. These analyses demonstrated that the count rate limitation is minimal or negligible in general as long as there is no more than 370-440 MBq (10-12 mCi) radioactivity entirely within the axial FOV for 1 bed position required for dynamic PET, and the list mode acquisition provides quantitative radioactivity concentration values for all ranges of radioactivity levels. In addition, reformatting a single list mode acquisition into frame data having different time intervals retains quantitative accuracy with respect to static frame data and compared to the known radionuclide concentration in the phantom. Within these constraints, the list mode data acquired with the Biograph 16 PET/CT system is quantitatively accurate for image-based compartmental modeling and kinetic analysis.


We aimed to develop a more efficient prognostic model to predict 1‐year mortality in patients with hepatitis B virus‐related decompensated cirrhosis beginning antiviral treatment.


In dealing with any of the major accounting problems it is worth while, I think, to bear in mind its historical backround. Remembering the past usually assists in understanding the present and planning the future. Here two points are of especial interest. The first is that modern financial accounting is a relatively new development-one that has come about largely within the lifetime of a number of accountants who are in active practice today. As recently as the i89os the amount provided for depreciation by a number of large corporations was considered to be a function of profits. The first modern published report of a major industrial corporation that I know of-that of United States Steel Corporation for the year I902-was issued in 1903. Only about twentyfive years before that time a stockholder of a large railroad company who requested information concerning the company had been told that it had issued no statements for at least five years and had no intention of making its financial affairs known to the public. The correspondence between the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA, then the American Institute of Accountants) and the New York Stock Exchange, in which the origin of the expression "generally accepted accounting principles" is to be found, took place in the early I93os-less than thirty-five years ago.1 The Securities and Exchange Commission came into existence in I934.2 The first statement by the American Accounting Association on accounting principles was issued in I936,3 and the significant monograph by Professors Paton and Littleton, An Introduction to Corporate Accounting Standards, which supplemented it, was published in I940.4


First Person is a series of interviews with the first authors of a selection of papers published in Journal of Cell Science, helping researchers promote themselves alongside their papers. Antoine Canat is first author on ' DAXX safeguards heterochromatin formation in embryonic stem cells', published in JCS. Antoine conducted the research described in this article while a PhD student in Emmanuelle Fabre's lab at Insitut de Recherche St Louis, Université de Paris, France. He is now a postdoc in the lab of Maria-Elena Torres-Padilla at the Institute of Epigenetics and Stem Cells, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany, investigating nuclear organization and chromatin regulation during totipotency and pluripotency.


Magnesium (Mg) alloys are gaining more recognition as a lightest structural material for light-weight applications, due to their low density and high stiffness-to-weight ratio. Nevertheless, their ductility is still not good for further metal forming and their strength is not large enough for real structure applications. The aim of this paper is to develop new magnesium metal matrix composites (Mg MMCs) reinforced with SiC particles by the stir-casting method for the hot extrusion processes to produce tubes. AZ61/SiCp MMCs ingots reinforced with 1, 2, and 5 wt% SiC particles are fabricated by the melt-stirring technique. AZ61/SiCp MMCs tubes are manufactured by hot extrusion using a specially designed die-set for obtaining uniform thickness distribution tubes. Finally, the mechanical properties of the reinforced AZ61/SiCp MMCs and Mg alloy AZ61 tubes are compared with those of the billets to manifest the advantages of extrusion processes and addition of SiC particles. The microstructures of the billet and extruded tubes are also observed. Obvious grain size refinement both by addition of particles and extrusion process are discovered.


: Unsystematic grazing of animals and continuous use of pastures leads to their degradation and, accordingly, to a shortage of pasture forage for the production of competitive environmentally friendly livestock products. The proportion of productive grasses in grass covers is decreasing; therefore, there is an urgent need to preserve valuable plant species in pasture grass, restore the productivity of natural vegetation and enrich it with valuable grasses. This study evaluated the impact of the unsystematic grazing method and a developed pasture rotation scheme on the height of the herbage and the productivity of seasonal pasture plots. The study was conducted as an experiment in the Arshaly district of the Akmola region located in the northern part of Kazakhstan. In 2019, unsystematic grazing of animals was carried out on the studied contours of the pasture. The animals grazed without alternating pastures and, as a result, the plants were subjected to intensive grazing for long periods or without sufficient recovery periods. In 2020, there was rotational grazing, where cattle grazed in different areas according to the seasons using a certain pasture rotation. As a result of the conducted study, it was found that with pasture rotation, the height of the herbage increased from 9.56±2.94 to 16.42±5.65 cm. The productivity of pastures after grazing decreased sharply but in the following season, the grassland recovered from 0.77±0.22 to 0.91±0.4 t/ha and exceeded the indicators of unsystematic grazing.


Single-photon emitters with narrow linewidths are highly sought after for applications in quantum information processing and quantum communications. In this letter, we report on a bright, highly polarized near infrared single photon emitter embedded in diamond nanocrystals with a narrow, sub-GHz optical linewidth at 10 K. The observed zero-phonon line at ∼780 nm is optically stable under low power excitation and blue shifts as the excitation power increases. Our results highlight the prospect for using new near infrared color centers in nanodiamonds for quantum applications.


Problems of drawing organization and their consequences reorganizing production drawings management by checklist solutions to format problems CSI specifications MasterFormat uniform drawing format simplified layering formats for smaller projects indexing and cross-coordination systems drawing format checklists.


The project "Plutonium Chemistry in the UREX+ Separation Processes" is led by Dr. Alena Paulenova of Oregon State University under collaboration with Dr. George Vandegrift of ANL and Dr. Ken Czerwinski of the University of Nevada at Las Vegas. The objective of the project is to examine the chemical speciation of plutonium in UREX+ (uranium/tributylphosphate) extraction processes for advanced fuel technology. Researchers will analyze the change in speciation using existing thermodynamics and kinetic computer codes to examine the speciation of plutonium in aqueous and organic phases. They will examine the different oxidation states of plutonium to find the relative distribution between the aqueous and organic phases under various conditions such as different concentrations of nitric acid, total nitrates, or actinide ions. They will also utilize techniques such as X-ray absorbance spectroscopy and small-angle neutron scattering for determining plutonium and uranium speciation in all separation stages. The project started in April 2005 and is scheduled for completion in March 2008.


374 Writing of economic reforms in Eastern Europe in the 1950s and 1960s, J. Wilczynski noted three characteristic western responses or interpretations. These were that the reforms were: a) an admission on the part of socialism of its defects vis-a-vis capitalism; b) evidence of a return to capitalism; c) the sense that socialist leaders have been able to rise above ideological prejudices and adapt to meet the challenges of higher stages of economic development. Wilczynski sees the last as the most logical explanation/' How relevant are these observations in assessing the 1980s tide of reforms in communist systems in general and the reformist wind in communist Indo-China in particular? Outside of the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, the 'Four Modernizations' ushered in by Deng Xiaoping in China in the late 1970s represented the first substantive challenge to the Marxist orthodoxy on the relationship between the plan and the market. But it was Gorbachev's programme of perestroika launched at the 27th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in February 1986 and carrying overtones of both economic and political reforms, that has arguably attracted most interest inside and outside of the socialist community. But even when the reformist tide started to ripple through the communist bloc countries, Vietnam (the Socialist Republic of Vietnam) continued to stand for the Stalinist orthodoxy. Alongside the Eastern European countries, its economy appeared ossified, incapable of rising above ideological prejudices, much less admitting defects in the command economy. While appearing suspicious of private initiative and market forces such as those already encouraged in China, Vietnam appeared satisfied to trade some of its independence for a relationship of economic dependence upon the Soviet Union. Thus Soviet aid, Soviet trade and Soviet supplied weaponry became the cornerstone of Vietnam's national security state and its wasting commitment to garrisons in Laos and Kampuchea. Thus it was not until the Vietnamese Communist Party Sixth Congress in December 1986 that perestroika received its official imprimatur in Vietnam. While Vietnam's neighbour and fraternal socialist ally Laos (the Lao People's Democratic Republic) oscillated between two lode stars, namely Vietnam and the Soviet Union, and appeared to gain some leverage in its attempts at reform (in part with the encouragement of the international agencies) the beleaguered and diplomatically isolated Vietnamese-installed regime in Kampuchea (the People's Republic of Kampuchea) dug in, ruling a nation half at war, half at peace. Put simply, these three countries whose destinies are interlinked under communist control have embarked along the road to socialism under very specific political conditions, having inherited different natural, social and demographic endowments although each sharing some features of a common colonial past. While the political solidarity of the three Indo-Chinese countries can be taken as a given, attempts at the economic integration of Laos and Kampuchea along with Vietnam into an Indo-China-wide economic unit have proven more desultory, notwithstanding yearly conversations between the concerned economic ministers and various twinning arrangements between Lao and Kampuchean provinces and Vietnamese counterparts. In this article, then, we seek to broadbrush such economic reforms as have unfolded in the three national economies that constitute Indo-China, assessing their prospects and durability. In line with Wilcynski's observations, we will also


Research activities that can provide adequate contributions to physics and technological issues of importance for both JET and ITER are carried out at Culham and in the European national laboratories with contributions from Russia and USA. The programme of fusion technology (FT) at JET covers a wide range of research areas such as characterization of plasma facing components behaviour, tritium in the tokamak, tritium processes and waste management, collection of operating experience, safety issues and other fusion engineering aspects. This paper presents an overview of the FT-programme and the results obtained so far.


If I am correct, this means that social work education outside North America and Western Europe, far from being able to draw upon the experience of other societies, must perhaps be concerned primarily with indoctrination, with creating a set of beliefs where they did not exist before. As a corollary I would suggest that the successful practitioners of social work in Asia, for example, are drawn from those who are most influenced by modern western values however much they may overtly be antagonistic to westernization. The remainder of this paper will attempt to justify


Currently a corporate web site is not considered as a necessary business attribute, but as a marketing tool which should yield results. In this study we consider a web site as an instrument for attraction of new partners (customers, suppliers). Web site outputs are a number of visitors interested in contact information (reached the contact info page) and a number of visitors who sent a request via a special form on the web site. We build a sequential discrete choice model for web site outputs. Explanatory variables set includes a number of visited pages, seconds spent on the web site, and dummy variables for specific pages visited (a page with prices information, a portfolio page). Also we investigate an influence of search engines (Google, Yahoo, MSN), which refer a visitor to a corporate web site and keywords used for pay-per-click advertising campaigns. We estimate model parameters on the base of a small UK-based web development company's web site statistical data and discover strong dependencies, which allow improving web site organisation and its search engine positioning.


Introduction An epidemic of chronic kidney disease (CKD) of unknown cause is occurring along the Pacific Coast of Central America. First reported in 2002 in sugarcane workers in El Salvador, it also occurs in other persons V mainly men V who work long and hard in the heat, including in construction and mining. This disease has likely been present for decades, but it seems to be on the increase, and mortality from CKD in this part of the world is increasing fast. A major effort is ongoing to find the cause and cure. If the most popular hypothesis of causation pans out, this novel epidemic of CKD may have implications for endurance athletes who live, train, and compete in the ''hotspots'' of our planet. Let me explain.


Domesticated pets provide various benefits to humans, at the same time, human animal interactions can pose health risks such as zoonosis which are associated with microbial mutations and dreadful epidemics. The purpose of this study was to establish health risks associated with exposure to domestic dogs and cats' faeces where faecal specimen were collected and enteric microorganisms identified using standard microbiological techniques. Rotavirus was the most prevalent enteric virus at 28.1% with 20.7% and 7.4% prevalence among cats and dogs respectively (RR 2.811). The prevalence of adenovirus was 4.2% with a distribution of 2.9% and 1.3% in dogs and cats respectively (RR=1.02). The prevalence of intestinal helminths was 20.3% with hookworms reporting the highest prevalence of 16.1% (RR=1.09). Coagulase negative staphylococci was isolated among 18.8% of the animals, pathogenic E. coli was isolated among 1% of the animals and streptococcus species were isolated from 8.5% of the animals (RR=1.0). The study findings indicate potential health risks posed by close association of domesticated cats and dogs as reflected by RR ≥1.00. It is envisaged that the study findings will guide the development of a policy framework to manage and control zoonotic diseases associated with animal faeces


A crude acetone-soluble fraction of beef pineal tissue was assayed for steroidogenic activity in the decerebrate dog. Aldosterone secretion was markedly stimulated without a significant effect on cortisol output. When the material was partitioned between water and hexane, the hexane fraction was found to contain the activity. The finding is taken as additional evidence for the existence of glomerulotropin, a specific hormone for aldosterone secretion, in pineal tissue or an adjacent structure.


Objective To investigate the clinical effect and nursing intervention of elderly patients with COPD combined with respiratory failure treated by BiPAP.Methods A total of 86 elderly patients with COPD combined with respiratory failure underwent BiPAP using VENTI Motion BiPAP breathing machine,and also received effective nursing intervention,including mental nursing care,airway nursing care,breathing machine care and nutritional support.The changes of PaO2,PaCO2,SaO2,pH,breath rate,heart rate,blood pressure,APACHEⅡ score,GCS score and accessory respiratory muscle score before and after treatment were analyzed,and the adverse effect during the treatment of BiPAP was also observed.Results After treatment,mean PaO2,SaO2 and pH were statistically increased than those before treatment(P 0.05),meanwhile PaCO2 was decreased(P 0.01);mean breath rate,heart rate,systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were obviously improved than those before treatment(P 0.05);mean APACHEⅡ score and accessory respiratory muscle score were significantly lower than those before treatment(all P 0.05),and GCS score was significantly higher than that before treatment(P 0.05).No one case of severe adverse effect was observed during the treatment.Conclusion BiPAP added with effective nursing intervention can receive good effect in the treatment of elderly patients with COPD combined with respiratory failure,the injure is mild and no severe adverse effect occurs,thus it is worthy of extensive application in clinic.


A Brownian-ratchet–like stochastic theory for the electrochemical membrane system of Hodgkin-Huxley (HH) is developed. The system is characterized by a continuous variable , representing mobile membrane charge density, and a discrete variable Kt representing ion channel conformational dynamics. A Nernst-Planck-Nyquist-Johnson–type equilibrium is obtained when multiple conducting ions have a common reversal potential. Detailed balance yields a previously unknown relation between the channel switching rates and membrane capacitance, bypassing an Eyring-type explicit treatment of gating charge kinetics. From a molecular structural standpoint, the membrane charge Qm is a more natural dynamic variable than the potential Vm; our formalism treats Qm-dependent conformational transition rates as intrinsic parameters. Therefore, in principle, vs. Vm is experimental-protocol–dependent, e.g., different from voltage or charge clamping measurements. For constant membrane capacitance per unit area Cm and neglecting the membrane potential induced by gating charges, , and HH's formalism is recovered. The presence of two types of ions, with different channels and reversal potentials, gives rise to a nonequilibrium steady state with positive entropy production ep. For rapidly fluctuating channels, an expression for ep is obtained.


ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic has had daunting economic and social impacts on many aspects of human life, but these impacts have been unequally distributed, with the brunt of health and labour market risks falling on socio-economically disadvantaged individuals and families. We argue that the welfare state could help mitigate such social risks and facilitate social solidarity. Moreover, NGOs (and social groups) play a prominent and supplemental role in developing welfare states in the face of the pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic potentially raises an opportunity to rethink the current structures of the capitalist economy and the welfare state, and result in more ambitious reforms in East and Southeast Asian welfare states.


John Rupert-Firth,a linguist of London School,has proposed that "Each word when used in a new context is a new word".This sentence has implicated the importance of the context in linguistics.Based on this implication,this paper will analyze the illustration of the sentence from the perspective of dynamic view,which shows that the meaning of the word is context-specific and dynamic.This illustration can be applied in Translation Studies.For Translators,it will be helpful in translation practice.


Improvement in the air quality of the upper Ohio River valley has led to lichen recolonization at previously depauperate sites. Between 1973 and 1989 the number of lichen species in the area almost doubled and the mean species per site increased from 0.8 to 3.5. An indicator species, Flavoparmelia caperata, was completely absent in 1973 but occurred at half of the study sites in 1989. While many papers have detailed the loss of lichens in poor air quality, only a few have reported the recovery of lichens in improving air quality. Sulfur dioxide air quality is now improving in most areas of the United States. One source (Placet & Streets 1987) estimates that total SO2 emissions in the United States decreased from 26.8 million metric tons in 1975 to 21.2 million metric tons in 1985. Ohio showed a similar decrease in SO2 emissions from 2.99 to 2.43 million metric tons during the same period. The upper Ohio River valley was once reputed to have the dirtiest air in the nation. This area was heavily industrialized with coal-burning power plants, steel mills, foundries, and coking ovens. However, the region was severely affected by the recession of the late 1970's and the concomitant decline of the U.S. steel industry. Old plants were closed and modernization and fuel switching at other facilities led to reduced SO2 emissions. This decrease in emission has had a dramatic effect on the ambient SO2 levels. Data from the North Ohio Valley Air Authority (Robert T. Carducci, pers. comm.) show that in 1975, Steubenville, Ohio had an annual average SO2 concentration of 118 ~g/m3. By 1985 this had almost halved to 60 jig/m3. East Liverpool, Ohio reported an annual average of 120 ig/m3 in 1975 and 44 ig/m3 in 1985. For comparison, the National ambient air quality standard is 80 Ug/m3. Data from several different monitoring sites in the area consistently show a sharp decline from high to much lower values about 1981. Lichen studies in the upper Ohio River valley were first conducted in 1973 around Cardinal Power Plant, located between Wheeling, West Virginia and Steubenville, Ohio. After the initial study, it was apparent that the regional SO2 background overwhelmed any contribution to ground-level SO2 by the power plant. Lichens were depauperate throughout the study area with no apparent differences between sites upwind and downwind from Cardinal Plant. Thus, studies were continued to monitor the impact of regional SO2 on lichens. Lichen resurveys were performed in 1983, 1988, and 1989.


This Surveillance and Maintenance (S&M) Plan describes the activities performed between deactivation and final decommissioning of the following facilities located on the Nevada National Security Site, as documented in the Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order under the Industrial Sites program as decontamination and decommissioning sites: ? Engine Maintenance, Assembly, and Disassembly (EMAD) Facility: o EMAD Building (Building 25-3900) o Locomotive Storage Shed (Building 25-3901) ? Test Cell C (TCC) Facility: o Equipment Building (Building 25-3220) o Motor Drive Building (Building 25-3230) o Pump Shop (Building 25-3231) o Cryogenic Lab (Building 25-3232) o Ancillary Structures (e.g., dewars, water tower, piping, tanks) These facilities have been declared excess and are in various stages of deactivation (low-risk, long-term stewardship disposition state). This S&M Plan establishes and implements a solid, cost-effective, and balanced S&M program consistent with federal, state, and regulatory requirements. A graded approach is used to plan and conduct S&M activities. The goal is to maintain the facilities in a safe condition in a cost-effective manner until their final end state is achieved. This plan accomplishes the following: ? Establishes S&M objectives and framework ? Identifies programmatic guidance for S&M activities to be conducted by National Security Technologies, LLC, for themore » U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Field Office (NNSA/NFO) ? Provides present facility condition information and identifies hazards ? Identifies facility-specific S&M activities to be performed and their frequency ? Identifies regulatory drivers, NNSA/NFO policies and procedures, and best management practices that necessitate implementation of S&M activities ? Provides criteria and frequencies for revisions and updates ? Establishes the process for identifying and dispositioning a condition that has not been previously identified or documented ? Provides instructions for implementing annual S&M inspections and activities The following facilities that were included in Revision 1 of this plan have reached final disposition and are no longer in the S&M program: ? Reactor Maintenance, Assembly, and Disassembly Facility, Building 25-3110 ? Test Cell A Facility, Building 25-3113 ? TCC Facility, Building 25-3210 ? Pluto Disassembly Facility, Building 26-2201 ? Super Kukla Facility, Building 27-5400« less


The Household Model for Economic and Social Studies HOMES is a computer model developed to forecast the number and demographic characteristics of households including the number of households; the age and sex of the household head; the average household size; and the number age and sex of household members. Four types of households are distinguished in the analysis: a) intact households those headed by a male with the spouse present; b) male and female single-head households households in which the heads spouse is not present; c) male and female one-person households; and d) primary individual households those consisting of unrelated members. The application of HOMES is based on an analysis of demographic change in Thailand between 1985 and 2015. The number of households in Thailand is projected to increase from the current 10 million to almost 22 million by 2015. As a consequence of declining fertility and improved mortality between 1985 and 2005 the average household size will decline from 5.0 to 3.5 members per household. The dependency ratio is forecast to drop by 30% for households with a head aged under 35 or 35-49 by over 40% for households with a head aged 50-64 and by over 20% for households with an elderly head. The gradual increase in the savings ratio and income growth will combine to increase household saving 10-fold. There will be a decline in the importance of food and nonalcoholic beverages from over half of the family budget in 1980 to only one third of the budget in 2005. During the same period expenditure on housing is forecast to increase its share of the budget from 19.4 to 22.3%; apparel to increase from 6.6 to 7.5%; medical care to increase from 3.5 to 4.3%; and discretionary expenditures to increase from 19.4 to 32.0%. The labor force employment and wages and rates of saving will change with the aging of the population and changes in average household size.


While sexual harassments are inappropriate behaviors in the society, the interpretation of and sensitivity toward sexual harassment can vary by individual. Differences across individuals, such as gender, may influence whether one interprets an action to be sexually harassing or not. Virtual reality technology enables human behavior assessment without interfacing with physical danger. The present work examined whether gender and body-gender transfer in VR influenced the perception of sexually harassing behaviors, and explored the utility of emerging technology in increasing one's awareness of behaviors that may be considered sexually harassing. Participants (n=12) embodied in virtual characters of different genders and experienced seven sexually harassing scenarios in an immersive virtual environment in random order. In general, participants provided higher rating to the sensitivity toward sexual harassment in the VR harassment scenarios than those scenarios described on paper. There was an increase in participants' sensitivity toward sexual harassment after experiencing sexual harassment scenarios from the perspective of the victim in VR. Participants perceived higher level of sexual harassment when they embodied in female avatars, which suggested there was an effect of VR with body-gender transfer on perception of sexual harassment. There were gender differences in awareness of harassing behaviors in VR environment, and VR may be a training method to narrow gender gap and increase awareness toward sexual harassment.


Despite the development of strong, durable, and cost efficient polyisobutylene-based polyurethane (PIB-based PU) materials has yet to be achieved. The well dispersion and maximum interfacial interaction between the nanofiller and the PIB-based PU at low loading have been scarcely studied. Here, the preparation of PIB-based PU nanocomposites with Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) using a simple in situ polymerization method is reported. The thermogravimetric analysis tests show that MWCNTs significantly improved the thermal stability of MWCNTs/PIB-based PU nanocomposites. Compare to the pure PIB-based PU the onset temperature of degradation for the nanocomposite was about 20°C higher at 0.7 wt% MWCNTs loading. Efficient load transfer is found between the nanofiller MWCNTs and PIB-based PU and the mechanical properties of the MWCNTs/PIB-based PU nanocomposite with well dispersion are improved. A 63% improvement of Young's modulus and slightly increased of tensile strength are achieved by addition of only 0.7 wt% of MWCNTs. The experimentally determined Young's modulus is in well agreement with the theoretical simulation. It is worth noting that the PIB-based PU and MWCNTs/PIB-based PU nanocomposites exhibit excellent damping properties (tan δ > 0.3) from −45°C to 8°C. POLYM. COMPOS., 36:198–203, 2015. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers


The aim of this paper is to attempt to determine the influence of entrepreneurial zones in town of Valpovo on its urban competitiveness. Valpovo is a town in eastern Croatia which is located in Osijek-Baranja County. This town is still facing with such problems as lack of job opportunities, concentration of low-income families, inadequate public infrastructure and depopulation, which is becoming an increasing problem in Valpovo. One of the attempts to improve the economical circumstances in the town was the establishment of the entrepreneurial zones in Valpovo. These zones are comprised of a small enterprise zone, a business and an industrial zone. Statistical methods are used in order to investigate the influence of entrepreneurial zones of town of Valpovo on its urban competitiveness. Urban competitiveness is the ability of an urban area to use the factors of competitiveness in order to make a competitive position and maintain it among other urban areas. Urban competitiveness is often closely related to a town or city's economic performance, which is the viewpoint applied by the authors. Thus measurement of competitiveness is accomplished by measuring its economic competitiveness, which is being determined through variables of town's overall revenues, its revenues from taxes and the number of the unemployed. The analyzed data refer to the data collected before and after the establishment of the entrepreneurial zones. The analysis indicates that the influence of the entrepreneurial zones proves to be beneficial to some of the observed indicators. The entrepreneurial zones, however, do not provide an adequate boost to the urban competitiveness of Valpovo, since economical problems it is faced with are still not being solved. In order to support the development and influence of the entrepreneurial zones on urban competitiveness of Valpovo, the local government must develop links among the key institutions, an entrepreneurial spirit and a commitment to risk taking and risk sharing by its inhabitants.


The high-temperature daqu of sesame flavor liquor was used as experimental samples.Thermophilic functional bacteria were isolated by culturing at 55℃.Through screening of transparent circle and assaying of the solid-state fermentation enzyme activity,protease production strains were isolated.The strains were identified with 16S rDNA gene phylogenetic analysis.The results revealed that 85 strains of thermophilic bacteria were isolated from samples.The neutral protease activity of M5 was higher than control strain,and the enzyme activity of M5 was 96.06 U / g.The strain M5 was identified as Bacillus subtilis subsp.subtilis through molecular biology methods.The strain M5 can be used as microbial agents to produce high-temperature daqu of sesame flavor liquor.


Handheld mobile scanning systems usually do not integrate high-precision position and orientation system (POS), and the traditional 3D point cloud and 2D image coloring lack a unified spatial reference. This letter proposes a method for registration and coloring of 3D point cloud and panoramic image obtained by handheld simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) system. Firstly, the initial registration parameters are generated by slam trajectory coordinate and pose interpolation. Secondly, the point cloud is converted into depth map according to the spherical 3D-2D imaging model, and then the optimal registration parameters between depth map and panorama are calculated based on the mutual information maximization. Finally, the multi segment point cloud is colored in batch by using optimal parameters, generating the color point cloud of the complete scene. The experimental results show that our method can realize the coloring of point clouds in different scenes such as indoor and outdoor without POS, and is suitable for the data fusion application of handheld scanning point clouds and panoramic images.


The central issue discussed in this paper is how a designer may profit from the use of mathematical simulation and optimization techniques. These techniques can be useful tools to support the designer in solving his design problem. The place and the potential of these techniques in the design process, as well as their use by the designer, are discussed. The principles underlying these techniques are outlined and an overall view is given of the various methods that can be applied. Examples of applications are presented to illustrate their usefulness in design processes and attention is paid to the integration of these design methods into structured systems for computer aided design. Paper presented at the second International Conference on Computer Applications in Production and Engineering (CAPE '86), Copenhagen, May 20-23, 1986.


Poisonous plants are widely distributed allover the world. The diagnoses of toxicity by these plants are very difficult. We choose five poisonous plants from Al- Hassa in the Eastern region of Saudi Arabian, Anagallus arvensis, Convolvulus arvensis, Euphorbia helioscopia, Sisymbrium irio and Withania somnifera. LD50 of these plants were 10.718, 500.0, 1211.7, 4.133, 522.27 mg/kg.bwt i.p. in rats, respectively. Rats poisoned by A. arvensis suffered fromanorexia, restlessness, diarrhea, thirst (the animal goes toward drinking water), difficult breathing, and tremors and ended by coma and death of some individuals. Rats poisoned by C. arvensis showed mild toxic, it causes diarrhea, diuretic, laxative. Rats poisoned by E. helioscopia included increase activity and irritability, salivation, itching the nose and mouth on the cage floor, and diarrhea. The animals were tried to make tunnels under the bed and they were reluctant to stand at the cage corners. The animals closed its eyes and become calm. The animal poisoned by S. irio showed close eyes, extended head and neck, tend to sleep on the sternum, often that tremors, tend to hop, convulsion with elevated tail, increased respiration, dyspnea, cyanosis of the mouth and legs, very obvious cyanosis with elapsed time, gasping and coma followed by death with the appearance of luster of eye cornea. Poisoning of W. somnifera increased heart and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, closed eyes, stupor and paralysis of the hind legs, after which the animals became drowsy and finally died. On the other hand, various signs appeared such as shaking of the head, licking of the legs, petecheal hemorrhages from the eye canthus, lying on the sternum, creeping on the abdomen. Diarrhea occurring on the 2nd day and lastly irregular gasping fits ending by coma and death. In the present study, the aqueous extracts of the Withania somnifera, Convolvulus arvensis and Sisymbrium irio inhibited superoxide radical generation. The aqueous plant extracts exhibited different degradation effect on both DNA and bovine serum albumin. There are diverse antibacterial effects of the aqueous extracts on both GramsÂ' positive and negative bacterial strains.


Abstract This is a translation from Marathi of an excerpt from Bhalchandra Nemade's 1968 essay, "Halli lekhakacha lekhakarao hoto to ka?" [How does the writer become Mr Writer nowadays?] published in the little magazine, Vacha. It expressed the frustrated idealism of a generation of writers at the time and is referenced repeatedly today when the revolt of the sathottari generation in Marathi literature is discussed. Along with Ashok Shahane's 1963 essay, "Ajakalachya Marathi vangmayavar 'ksha' kiran" [An X-ray of contemporary Marathi literature], and, later, Raja Dhale's "Satyakathechi satyakatha" [The true story of Satyakatha], Nemade's essay became pivotal in representing rebellious young writers' outlook on the writer's craft.


Using a long-term household panel data set collected in three rural villages in the Philippines in 1985 and 2004, this article explores how the Green Revolution and development of the labor markets have affected household income and poverty situation. The initial rise in income associated with the Green Revolution and a stronger credit access has enabled the households to allocate funds for investing in children's schooling. With the increased integration of the rural with the urban labor market, these children are able to explore labor opportunities in the nonfarm sector that resulted in a decline in poverty by about one-half. The landless households, who are less educated, benefited, too, from the expansion of the nonfarm labor market, because of the rise in rural wages associated with the rise in demand for the unskilled labor, which is by far their most important asset. Copyright 2006 International Association of Agricultural Economists.


Aim of study: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of allochthonous material from piscivorous birds on forest soil microarthropod communities.
Area of study: Six study zones were designated in Pinus sylvestris stands with nesting sites of the great cormorant, taking into account the relief and the duration of the ornithogenic impact.
Materials and methods: The total abundance of mites and Collembola and the species richness and diversity of Oribatida and Gamasina mites were assessed and compared.
Main results: The abundance of Collembola, Tarsonemidae and Acaridae mites positively correlated with ornithogenic activity, while Oribatida and Gamasina mites decreased significantly. The structure of microarthropod communities was similar in most of the studied zones, except for the active nesting zone and the abandoned part of the colony on the dune slope. The greatest species richness of Oribatida and Gamasina was found in the unaffected forest in the dune hollow, whereas the lowest value was found in the active nesting area and in the abandoned part of the colony on the dune slope. Of the environmental parameters studied, soil pH (r = - 0.725) and tree layer (r = 0.827) were those most significantly related to the changes of microarthropod communities.
Research highlights: We found that cormorant colonies have a strong impact on forest ecosystems and soil properties, leading to significant changes in soil microarthropod communities. Birds thus create a natural disturbance experiment that can help reveal the factors that determine the diversity and composition of natural microarthropod communities.


Leaf gas exchange of avocado (Persea americana Mill.) and mango (Mangifera indica L.) trees in containers and in an orchard (field-grown trees) was measured over a range of photosynthetic photon fluxes (PPF) and ambient CO 2 concentrations (Ca). Net CO2 assimilation (A) and intercellular partial pressure of CO 2 (Ci) were determined for all trees in early autumn (noncold-stressed leaves) when minimum daily temperatures were ≥14 °C, and for field-grown trees in winter (cold-stressed leaves) when minimum daily temperatures were ≤10 °C. Cold-stressed trees of both species had lower maximum CO2 assimilation rates (Amax), light saturation points ( QA), CO2 saturation points (CaSAT) and quantum yields than leaves of noncold-stressed, field-grown trees. The ratio of variable to maximum fluorescence ( Fv/Fm) was ≈50% lower for leaves of cold-stressed, field-grown trees than for leaves of nonstressed, field-grown trees, indicating chill-induced photoinhibition of leaves had occurred in winter. The data indicate that chill-induced photoinhibition of A and/or sink limitations caused by root restriction in container-grown trees can limit carbon assimilation in avocado and mango trees. Root restriction from growing plants in containers can limit net CO2 assimilation rates ( A) via feedback inhibition (Arp, 1991; Schaffer et al., 1996; Thomas and Strain, 1991). For avocado trees, maximum A (Amax) ranged from ≈7 to 23 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 with light


Clause sets saturated by hierarchic superposition do not offer an explicit model representation, rather the guarantee that all non-redundant inferences have been performed without deriving a contradiction. We present an approach to explicit model construction for saturated constrained Horn clauses. Constraints are in linear arithmetic, the first-order part is restricted to a function-free language. The model construction is effective and clauses can be evaluated with respect to the model. Further-more, we prove that our model construction produces the least model.


The paper mainly focuses on security issues that are associated with the database system. Data security is one of the most crucial and a major challenge in the digital world. Security, privacy and integrity of data are demanded in every operation performed on internet. Whenever security of data is discussed, it is mostly in the context of secure transfer data over unreliable communication networks. But the security of the data in databases is also an important. With increasingly sophisticated attacks and rising internal data theft, database security merits a stronger focus that goes beyond traditional authentication, authorization, and access control (AAA). A single intrusion that compromises private data such as credit card numbers, social security numbers, or other financial data can cause immense damage to an enterprise's reputation, not to mention initiating lawsuits and regulatory fines that can have long-term impact. Database security is the last line of defense, so it deserves greater focus on the protection of private data from both internal and external attacks than IT pros have traditionally given it. With a growing number of internal and external attacks on corporate and government applications and stronger regulatory compliance enforcements, data security continues to be the top priority for organizations year after year Although many enterprises are taking stronger measures to protect their data, significant gaps still exist at the very core the databases that house the corporate crown jewels. Many enterprises don't have a comprehensive enterprise database security strategy that can defend against sophisticated attacks originating externally or internally, track sensitive data as it's copied into multiple locations, or even meet the tougher emerging regulatory requirements. In addition, most companies tend to focus on detective controls rather than preventive measures when it comes to database security, making them highly study conducted by some research organizations found that some enterprises in the US and Europe, covering financial services, vulnerable. By contrast, research suggests that companies that implemented a comprehensive and integrated database security solution with a strong emphasis on preventive measures achieved improved security controls, introduced a higher degree of automation across the enterprise, and were more confident in defending against attack. An indepth healthcare, manufacturing, retail, telecommunications, public services, and media agreed that database security was critical to their organization, and most were investing more time and effort to improve database controls. This research paper will describe recent database breaches, and examine the common security mistakes made by database administrators, security personnel, and application developers. it will also provide some insight on how hackers can take advantage of those mistakes. This paper will then describe how a novel database security platform can help align database with it security policies; comprehensive database security strategy; preventive measures for database security; detecting anomalies and performing routine security; security policies, standards, role separation, and availability; and apply advanced security measures (such as database auditing, monitoring, and vulnerability assessment) to all critical databases that store valuable data. In this paper we will be presenting various issues in database security such as goals of the security measures, threats to database security and some of the common security techniques for the data that can be implemented in strengthening the databases.


What technical, economic and institutional factors make radioactive and/or hazardous waste management technologies publicly acceptable? The goal of this paper is to initiate an identification of factors likely to render radioactive and hazardous waste management technologies publicly acceptable and to provide guidance on how technological R&D might be revised to enhance the acceptability of alternative waste management technologies. Technology development must attend to the full range of technology characteristics (technical, engineering, physical, economic, health, environmental, and socio-institutional) relevant to diverse stakeholders. ORNL`s efforts in recent years illustrate some attempts to accomplish these objectives or, at least, to build bridges toward the integrated design of waste management technologies.


A new current-source control technique is proposed to design a low-power high-speed multiple-valued current-mode (MVCM) integrated circuit in a low supply voltage. The use of a differential logic circuit (DLC) with a pair of dual-rail inputs makes the input voltage swing small, which results in a high driving capability at a lower supply voltage, while having large static power dissipation. In the proposed DLC using switched current control, the static power dissipation is greatly reduced because current sources in non-active circuit blocks are switched off. In the current control, no additional transistors are required to control the current sources because a current-control circuit is already used in the threshold detector. As a typical example of arithmetic circuits, a new 1.5 V-supply 54/spl times/54-bit multiplier based on a 0.8 /spl mu/m standard CMOS technology is also designed. Its performance is about 1.3 times faster than that of a binary fastest multiplier under the normalized power dissipation.


The book is a collection of papers previously presented at the December 1968 meeting of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology which confronts the reader with some of the ideas and techniques involved in current psychopharmacology research. The papers presented at this meeting fall into different categories and the diversity of the disciplines could be considered by some readers as an asset and by others as a shortcoming. Indeed, it might have been preferable if fewer subjects would have been discussed and if the papers would have been categorized. Two papers cover the physiology and biochemistry of the serotonin (5HT) neurons. The paper by Bloom eloquently analyzes the present status of knowledge concerning the localization and the physiological role of 5HT containing neurons and indicates the areas of research that require additional information. Neff and coauthors describe a sophisticated method for measurements of 5HT turnover and this procedure could equally well


Magnetic resonant coupling wireless power transfer (MRC-WPT) enables convenient device-charging. When MIMO MRC-WPT system incorporated with multiple relay components, both relay On-Off state (i.e., power routing) and TX current (i.e., current scheduling) could be adjusted for improving charging efficiency and distance. Previous approaches need the collaboration and feedback from the energy receiver (RX), achieved using side-channels, e.g., Bluetooth, which is time/energy-consuming. In this work we propose, design, and implement a multi-relay MIMO MRC-WPT system, and design an almost optimum joint optimization of power routing and current scheduling method, without relying on any feedback from RX. We carefully decompose the joint optimization problem into two subproblems without affecting the overall optimality of the combined solution. For current scheduling subproblem, we propose an almost-optimum RX-feedback independent solution. For power routing subproblem, we first design a greedy algorithm with $\frac{1}{2}$ approximation ratio, and then design a DQN based method to further improve its effectiveness. We prototype our system and evaluate it with extensive experiments. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms. The achieved power transfer efficiency (PTE) on average is 3.2X, 1.43X, 1.34X, and 7.3X over the other four strategies: without relay, with non-adjustable relays, greed based, and shortest-path based ones.


A 25-year-old non-smoking warehouse workerpresented to the acute medical take with afive-day history of worsening symptoms includ-ing anorexia, lethargy, myalgia, swinging feversand night sweats. He had been seen by hisgeneral practitioner at the start of this illness andcommenced on oseltamivir to treat presumedH1N1 influenza; subsequent hospital referralwas prompted by worsening oral intake, dys-pnoea, productive cough and pleuritic chestpain. There was no past medical history of noteexcept the patient's report of having sufferedfrom a severe sore throat causing odynophagia afortnight previously, along with a bout of milderpharyngitis in the weeks prior to this. On admis-sion the patient was febrile (38.1˚C), tachycardic(120 bpm) and hypotensive (106/61 mmHg).Pulmonary examination demonstrated globallyreduced air entry and expansion with right basalbronchial breathing. Routine bloods (Table 1)were consistent with systemic sepsis and multi-organ dysfunction including acute renal failure,early disseminated intravascular coagulation andtype 1 respiratory failure. Plain chest radiograph(Figure 1) showed extensive ill-defined consolida-tion. The patient was diagnosed with bilateralcommunity-acquired pneumonia on a possiblebackground of H1N1 influenza and commencedon intravenous fluid resuscitation and dualantibiotic therapy (co-amoxiclav and clarithromy-cin) as per hospital guidelines.Despite optimal medical management thepatient deteriorated over the next 12 hours withworsening hypotension and hypoxaemia, necessi-tating transfer to a High Dependency Unit forcardio-respiratory support. Urinary Legionella andPneumococcal antigens along with H1N1 viral PCRwere negative. Blood cultures taken on admissiongrew anaerobic Gram-negative rods, subsequentlycharacterized as Fusobacterium necrophorum sensi-tive to co-amoxiclav and metronidazole. Whole-body computerized tomography performed toidentify a thrombotic focus for infection confirmedthepresenceofaleftinternaljugularveinthrombo-sis with widespread bilateral lung consolidationand pleural effusions (Figure 2). Intercostal chestdrain insertion was performed for the larger righteffusion to optimize respiratory function and sub-cutaneous dalteparin started for the jugular veinthrombosis. A diagnosis of Lemierre's syndromewas made on the basis of the clinical findings.The patient improved enough to return to ageneral medical ward after five days, and was sub-sequently discharged home with improving bio-chemical markers after four weeks in hospital. Hereceived a total of seven weeks' broad-spectrumintravenousantibiotictherapyandhasbeencontin-ued on oral anticoagulation for three months withongoing outpatient medical follow-up.


Changing patterns and trends in feed utilization , Changing patterns and trends in feed utilization , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی


This paper analyses the emerging situation and problems confronting the fire supervision work, expounds the necessity and urgency of establishing sound fire supervision and raises the framework for new fire supervision.


At present,most model colleges have initially established sharing training bases with the support of enterprises and government.But there are so many problems exist that these training bases haven't play a full role in local economy construction and social development.These problems are: the training bases are not open enough to teachers and students,the effect of pro-market orientation is not obvious,the software and hardware are not compatible,teachers are not enough and the management is not effective.With Kunming Metallurgy College as an example,the paper put forward some points to improve the usage of training bases,including to build the training bases in model colleges into a comprehensive one integrated with teaching,training,scientific research,product development,occupational skill testing and technical services;and to share the resources with neighboring colleges and provide the society and the industry with services as professional training,vocational proficiency evaluation and product development.


Four kinds of bentonite samples were studied in this paper. Mainly discussing the particle size distribution, mineral composition and physicochemical properties of bentonite, the aim was to provide a useful reference for the efficient development and utilization of bentonite resources. The results indicated that NM-bent., HB-bent. and EZ-bent. were Ca (Mg)-bentonite while XZJ-bent. was Na-bentonite. The physicochemical properties of bentonite mainly depended on interlayer cations. Many properties indexes of Na-bentonite were better than that of Ca (Mg)-bentonite. Some properties indexes showed a poor reproducibility when tested by standard methods. The natural Na-bentonite has excellent properties and extensive application prospects while Ca (Mg)-bentonite needed for further processing to meet the demand of the application field.


Recent developments in the precision grinding technology of advanced ceramics have been remarkable. However, ceramic chips floating in grinding fluids cause scratches on the surface being ground, deteriorating the surface finish. Ceramic chips are extremely hard, fine, nonmagnetic substances and their shape is relatively particulate with low specific gravity. Therefore, the removal of these chips by the conventional filtration system becomes very difficult. In this study, the experimental and theoretical analyses of the cross-flow microfiltration of grinding fluids were examined and the effect of the turbulence promoter on the permeation flux was clarified. The effects of the blockage ratio of the turbulence promoter and feed concentration on the permeation flux and solute rejection, respectively, were examined. A filtration model based on the lateral migration theory was proposed. The calculated results agree qualitatively with the experimental results and the adequacy of this model was confirmed.


Definition of color edge was given, characteristics of color edge was expounded. Defined the direction information measure (DIM) used in the HSV color space, a new color edge detection approach based on the DIM was proposed. The defined DIM focused on the direction property of edge and the filter scale's effect on edge detection. Hue edge images, chromaticity edge images, saturation edge images, luminance edge images as well as combinatorial edge images which combined the hue, saturation and luminance edges could be got respectively by their respective weight. The results of this algorithm were compared against the Sobel edge detector used in the HSL color space. The experiments carried out show that more color edge information is observed and more noise is suppressed by the proposed method in this paper


Furadan (Carbofuran) 3G was applied at the rates of 0, 100, 200 and 300 kg ha at the following times 1 of application; T : No nematicide or Control; T : Rate applied once at planting; T : 50% applied at planting + o1 2 50% at 3 Months After Planting (MAP). T : 50% applied at planting + 50% at 4 MAP, T : 50% applied at 34 planting + 50% at 5 MAP, T : 50% applied at planting + 50% at 6 MAP respectively to three newly released 5 hybrid yam (TDr 89/02665, TDr 89/02565 and TDr 89/02677) varieties across rainforest and derived savanna ecologies in south western Nigeria. Data were collected on total tuber yield (t ha ), root-knot nematode 1 incidence, severity rating, root-gall index, reproduction factor and the degree of resistance. Application of Furadan (Carbofuran) resulted in increased in the yield of the three hybrid yam varieties which was significantly higher than the control. Optimum yields were obtained from the application of (100 kg ha ); 50 kg ha at 11 planting plus 50 kg ha applied at 3 Months After Planting (MAP) in the three hybrid yam varieties. Additional 1 increase in Furadan (Carbofuran) above this level did not significantly increase tuber yield of the three hybrid yam varieties. The incidence and severity of nematode infection on harvested tubers was influenced by the application of Furadan. Significant reduced incidence of nematode was observed from the application of (100 kg ha ); 50 kg ha at planting plus 50 kg ha applied at 3 Months After Planting (MAP) in the three 11 1 hybrid yam varieties in the two locations. Additional increase in Furadan (Carbofuran) above this level did not significantly reduced incidence of nematode in the three hybrid yam varieties. The severity rating of the hybrid yam tuber varieties showed that reduced galls were obtained from the treated hybrid tubers using the gall index and reproduction factor of Sasser et al. (25) for this investigation, the gall index ranged from 1.30-1.40 while the R-factor ranged from 1.75-2.0 hence the three hybrid yam varieties were tolerant to root-knot nematode (M. incognita race 2). This result confirms the suppressive effects of Furadan (Carbofuran) application on root-knot nematode M. incognita race 2 multiplications on hybrid yam varieties.


Abstract Specimens of single-phase polycrystalline γ-Ti47Al51Mn2 have been tested in compression at 300 and 550°C. Monotonic and Cottrell-Stokes temperature change experiments have been conducted, and the deformation microstructure associated with these tests has been characterized by transmission electron microscopy. The transient experiments indicate that the flow stress is reversible both when the temperature is dropped from 550 to 300°C, and when it jumps from 300 to 550°C. Deformation at the lower temperature has been associated with superdislocation motion and the formation of faulted dipoles, while ordinary dislocation motion dominates at the higher temperature. Dislocation motion and strain hardening in this alloy have both been characterized as fully reversible processes that are unaffected by prior deformation history. Implications for modelling the yield strength anomaly in this alloy are discussed.


This paper explores how the social construction of a peoples' ethnic or national identity can influence the use of rape as a military strategy. In exploring this concept, the Rwandan genocide and Bosnian War will be used as case studies. It is argued that rape as a military strategy derives coercive power from social constructions of ethnicity, nationality and gender in patriarchal societies. In presenting this argument, the constructivist school of thought is used to analyze the processes that led to social constructions of ethnicity, nationality and gender. This paper considers the subsequent social environment that allowed rape to be used as an effective military strategy in both Rwanda and Bosnia.


Traditional SiO\-2 gate dielectric materials fail to overcome the influence brought on by the quantum\|mechanical tunneling\|effect,which is induced by the scaling down of the MOSFET.As an essential approach to continue the scaling down in size of microelectronic devices,efforts to replace SiO\-2 by next\|generation dielectric materials with high dielectric constant( K ) are underway.The principle of these so\|called"high K materials" to restrain the influence of the tunneling effect and other demands of performance are described.Several present projects on high K materials such as high K metal oxides or their stack structures with SiO\-2 and SiN,and high K metal silicates,as well as their respective demerits and virtues are reviewed.


Collective excitations of coupled electron-phonon systems are calculated for both monolayer and bilayer graphene, taking into account the non-perturbative Coulomb coupling between electronic excitations in graphene and the substrate longitudinal optical phonon modes. We find that the plasmon-phonon coupling in monolayer graphene is strong at all densities, but in bilayer graphene the coupling is significant only at high densities satisfying the resonant condition $\omega_{pl} \approx \omega_{ph}$. The difference arises from the peculiar screening properties associated with chirality of graphene. Plasmon-phonon coupling explains the measured quasi-linear plasmon dispersion in the long wavelength limit, thus resolving a puzzle in the experimental observations.


A prerequisite for an active environmental management is the comprehensive and continuos acquisition and gathering of ecologically relevant data for an environmental information system. Within the scope of a degree dissertation at the Fachhochschule (Technical College) Munich it was examined which settings and instruments are suitable for this purpose and to what extent an active environmental management, especially supported by an environmental information system, is already practiced in the German paper industry.


Aerosols and clouds are the main factors involved in the determination of the energy balance of the planetary system. Surface solar radiation trends observed during the last decades have evidenced a progressive increase, i.e., a substantial reduction in the radiative effects at the surface of the cloud-aerosol system. However the separate contributions of aerosols and clouds to these trends are not well analyzed yet. The main aim of this study is to evaluate the radiative effects of three systems separately: cloud and aerosols (CARE), clouds (CRE), and aerosols (ARE). Specifically, the temporal trends are determined by using monthly measurements of global solar radiation at Valladolid (Spain) site together with simulations from a radiative transfer code. Surface solar irradiance in Valladolid has increased +1.4 W m-2 per year (period 2003-2010). CARE, CRE, and ARE trends have shown the following rates (with a significance level over 95%): +1.3, +0.8, and +0.4 W m-2 per year, respectively. Overall, clouds and aerosols have contributed around 2/3 and 1/3 to the solar radiation increase at the study site between 2003 and 2010, respectively. CERES-EBAF-Surface collection corroborates the SW radiation trend and the CRE estimations obatined at Valladolid site.


The APS is assessing the effects of the neglect of teaching environmental psychology in the Australian psychology education system. The study of Environmental Psychology emphasizes the relevance of the relationship of the people and the environment.


Focus in this discussion of the Holy See is on geography, the people, history, government and institutions, foreign relations, and relations with the US and the Holy See. Vatican City occupies 0.439 square kilometers (109 acres). Some 1000 individuals live within the Vatican's walls, most of whom are Italian or Swiss by nationality. Vatican citizenship usually is accorded only to those who reside in Vatican City by reason of office or employment and, with certain restrictions, to their families. The Pope delegates the internal administration of Vatican City to the Pontifical Commission for the State of the Vatican City, headed by the Cardinal Secretary of State. The legal system is based on canon law or the laws of the city of Rome. On February 11, 1929, the Holy See and the Italian government signed 3 agreements regulating a dispute since 1871 about the Law of Guarantees, law which sought to assure the Pope's spiritual freedom, an income, and special status for the Vatican area. The agreements include: a treaty recognizing the independence and sovereignty of the Holy See and creating the State of the Vatican City; a concordat fixing the relations between the government and the church within Italy; and a financial convention providing the Holy See with compensation for its losses in 1870. The Pope, at this time John Paul II, exercises supreme legislative, executive, and judicial power over the Holy See and within the State of the Vatican City. The Pope rules the Holy See through the Roman Curia and Papal Civil Service, which staffs it. The Holy See, which carries on an active diplomacy of considerable scope and variety, is particularly active diplomatically in international organizations. The US maintained consular relations with the Papal States from 1797-1870 and diplomatic relations with the Pope in his capacity as head of the Papal States. These relations lapsed with the final loss of all papal territories in 1870. In 1984, the US and the Holy See announced the establishment of diplomatic relations once again.


Fecal samples (n = 18) were obtained from a wild population of squirrel monkeys, Saimiri oerstedi, in Costa Rica. The parasite cysts, eggs, and larvae recovered from these samples are described.


What to do after an ANOVA: Examples in food science. It is common to find scientific publications with incorrect uses of the analysis of variance (ANOVA), as well as incorrect applications of tests after finding significance with the ANOVA. This paper describes the fundamentals of the ANOVA and of the tests that can be applied afterwards, and presents practical examples in food science, with the objective of showing the reader a right selection and application of such tests.


Koolen et al. showed that if a graph with smallest eigenvalue at least −3 has large minimal valency, then it is 2-integrable. In this paper, we will focus on the sesqui-regular graphs with smallest eigenvalue at least −3 and study their integrability.


Awaring the fact that efficient classroom teaching directly affects their teaching quality,universities now are bound to adopt suitable teaching strategies according to school actual conditions in order to improve teaching quality.


Objective: The objective is to find out the optimum neuromuscular reversal strategy using Train-of-Four (TOF) monitoring in the postoperative period for complete and risk-free recovery without residual paralysis. In this study, the neuromuscular blockade brought on by cisatracurium will be reversed using a neuromuscular monitor (TOF) and neostigmine administered at the best possible time and dose. In addition, we'll look at the prevalence of neuromuscular paralysis that persists after general anesthesia, as some research have revealed that paralysis may worsen and return once patients leave the recovery area.
Methods: A comprehensive prospective, randomized, double-blind and prospective analysis was conducted involving various study groups. Demographic data, residual neuromuscular weakness, negative head lift tests, and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores were assessed. TOF monitoring was used regularly to tailor neuromuscular reversal strategies.
Results: Incidence of regression of TOF ratio<0.9 and incidence of negative head lift test after extubation among different groups were statistically non-significant by Chi square test at 15 min (p value 0.4), 30 min (0.8) and 60 min (p value 0.9).
It also concludes that neuromuscular stimulation given for TOF monitoring is well tolerated by different group of the population in terms of VAS score (mean 3.9, ranging from 3.3 to 3.8).
Conclusion: This research suggests that tailoring strategies of neostigmine dose and time of its administration according to TOF ratio leads to complete recovery of neuromuscular function with all the doses (20/30/40 micrograms/kg). This study emphasizes the use of neuromuscular monitoring guided reversal methods to attain complete recovery without residual paralysis.