*Corresponding author: Email: email@example.com; Tel.: +98 214462280 INTRODUCTION Bromus inermis Boiss is one of important perennial grass species belong to Bromus inermis. It naturally grows in Zagros and Alborz mountains rangelands in the west and north of Iran. It is being used for grazing and hay production and consumed by livestock. Bromus inermis grows in areas with 750 m to 2900 m altitude [1]. It has early growth in spring and good quality for animal productivity and good adaptability in vast range of sever conditions in all over the country. In recent years, higher grazing pressure and unpalatable weed invasion had led to increasing soil erosion and consequently decreasing population of this species. Therefore, re-vegetating of those areas by new improved grass varieties is the most economical and possible means of recovery. Bromus inermis has an important role in grassland productivity in Iran. Little breeding work has been done on this species especially under Iran climatic conditions. Water deficit is one of the most important factors affecting plant physiology and development [2, 3]. Among the different abiotic stresses, drought is by far the most complex and devastating on a global scale [4, 5, 6]. The sustainable and economically viable solution for increasing crop productivity in arid and semiarid zones is genetic improvement [7, 8, 9]. It is often discussed and emphasized that crop genetic improvement lies in exploiting the gene pools of the wild relatives of the crop plant [10, 2, 11, 12]. We anticipate a growing interest in wild relatives of crops and landraces in an attempt to identify superior alleles among these that the domestication bottleneck and modern agriculture have left behind [13, 14, 10, 15, 16]. Drought is one of the major causes for crop loss worldwide, reducing average yields with 50% and over [17]. In addition, water stressed plants could be more sensitive to other biotic or abiotic stresses such as pathogen attack, chilling or air pollution, which limits plant productivity. Plant stress resistance can be studied at molecular, cellular or physiological levels [18, 19, 20, 21]. The strategies developed by plants against water potential decrease depend on drought-inducing factors such as water retention kinetics, low temperature or high salinity [6, 22]. In order to respond to drought, plants have developed the capability to rapidly perceive stressful factors and trigger the accumulation of a large number of newly synthesized The effect of drought stress was studied on seed characteristics including: percent of germination, seedling length (mm/plant), root/shoot length ratio, seedling weight (g), seedling dry/fresh weight ratio (g/dfw) and seed vigor index (VI) in four ecotypes of Bromus inermis (Alborz 303, Mazandaran 3151, Firozkuh 3966 and Esfahan 200060) in germinator and greenhouse condition. In greenhouse experiment, three more physiological characteristics as chlorophyll, carbohydrates and proline contents were measured. The drought treatments were four levels of osmotic potential (0, -0.3, -0.6 and -0.9 MPa) in germinator and four levels of osmotic potential (FC, 25% FC, 50% FC and 75% FC) in greenhouse that were made by poly ethylene glycol (PEG 6000) solution and field capacity method, respectively. With regard to results, for all seed characteristics Esfahan (200060) ecotype was superior compared to other ecotypes. Increasing osmotic stress decreased the chlorophyll content and increased praline and carbohydrate content. The phenotypic correlation between measurements of two conditions was determined. The estimates were significant for most traits. Results of probit analysis of LD50 and LD90 the same trend were obtained. Physiological, Morphological, Drought stress, Bromus inermis.


Slicing is a well-known program reduction technique where for a given program P and a variable of interest v at some statement P in the program, a program slice contains those set of statements belonging to P that affect v. This article presents two algorithms for interprocedural slicing of concurrent programs--a context-insensitive algorithm and a context-sensitive algorithm. The context-insensitive algorithm is efficient and correct (it includes every statement that may affect the slicing criterion) but is imprecise since it may include certain extra statements that are unnecessary. Precise slicing has been shown to be undecidable for concurrent programs. However, the context-sensitive algorithm computes correct and reasonably precise slices, but has a worst-case exponential-time complexity. Our context-sensitive algorithm computes a closure of dependencies while ensuring that statements sliced in each thread belong to a realizable path in that thread.A realizable path in a thread with procedure calls is one that reflects the fact that when a procedure finishes, execution returns to the site of the most recently executed call in that thread. One of the novelties of this article is a practical solution to determine whether a given set of statements in a thread may belong to a realizable path. This solution is precise even in the presence of recursion and long call chains in the flow graph.The slicing algorithms are applicable to concurrent programs with shared memory, interleaving semantics, explicit wait/notify synchronization and monitors. We first give a solution for a simple model of concurrency and later show how to extend the solution to the Java concurrency model. We have implemented the algorithms for Java bytecode and give experimental results.


The paper presents the results from the research about the relation between consumption and import of wooden windows in France. Apart from this, regional direction of import as well as the analysis of trends in consumption and import of wooden windows in France have also been presented. Researches were performed during the period from 1995 to 2005.


l\lany specimens from _Pung-ka-mem-john and Ca.ntonment Hill, Cherrapungi, Assam (S. L. Hora colI.) ; Shillong, Assam, 5000 ft. (T. B. Fletcher coIL); Phulcherra Tea Estate (S. W Kemp coII.). Examples from these districts shew a rare form of coloration in that they have, in addition to a light vertebral line, a fine yello,v streak extending along the back of the leg from above the vent to the external metatarsal tubercle.


To improve elementary school student problem-solving skills can be used play-based learning. Playing activity opens the opportunity to set up a Play-Think-Pair-Share (PTPS) learning model in elementary school learning to prepare students to master the 2020 top skills, one of which is a problem-solving skill. The type of research conducted is a quasi-experimental. Data collection instruments in the form of research sheet assessment of problem-solving skills of students and instruments belonging to CFSD year 2018. The data analysis techniques used are test paired T-test samples assuming the data has been distributed normal and homogeneous. Based on the value of Sig. (2-tailed), it can be concluded that Ho is rejected and Hi is accepted. That means there are significant differences in problem-solving skills between students who learn using PTPS and conventional models.


Pistachio shell (Pistacia vera) (PS), a low-cost material, has been utilized for the removal of the Cr(VI) ions after treatment with citric acid. Batch experimental steps were applied to obtain Cr(VI) ion adsorption details for the equilibrium between Cr(VI) and modified pistachio shell (MPS). The influences of contact time, pH, adsorbent dose and initial chromium concentration on the adsorption performance of MPS was investigated in detail. The results displayed that adsorption of Cr(VI) by MPS reached to equilibrium after 2 h and after that a little change of Cr(VI) removal efficiency was observed. The sorption percent is higher at lower pH and lower chromium concentration. Two possible mechanisms for reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) can be suggested in Cr(VI) removal. In the first mechanism, Cr(VI) is reduced to Cr(III) by surface electron-donor groups of the adsorbent and the reduced Cr(III) forms complexes with adsorbent or remains in the solution. This Cr(III) is not adsorbed by adsorbent at pH 1.8. But in second mechanism, the adsorption-coupled reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) occurred on the adsorbent sites. The equilibrium sorption capacity of Cr(VI) ion after 2 h was 64.35 mg/g for MPS.


A Wireless Ad hoc Networks consists of mobile platforms (e. g. , a router with multiple hosts and wireless communications devices) here in simply referred to as "nodes" which are free to move about arbitrarily; thus, the network topology which is typically multi-hop may change randomly and rapidly at unpredictable times, and may consist of both bidirectional and unidirectional links. So that the development of dynamic routing protocols that can efficiently find routes between two communications nodes when nodes are mobile is very challenging task. To accomplish this, a number of ad hoc routing protocols had been proposed and implemented. Performance evolution of the protocols is the key step before selecting a particular protocol. In this paper, the performance is compared on Ad-hoc On-Demand


The present study "Consonantal system of Sherpa" discusses the Sherpas of Sikkim mainly settled in South and West District. According to the Census of India 2001, the total speaker of Sherpa in Sikkim is 13,922. However, Denzong Sherpa Association claims that the population of Sherpa is more than 65,000 out of which more than 32,000 people speak their Mother Tongue in their native environment particularly in the home domain. Linguistically, Robert Shafer has divided Tibeto-Burman into four main groups: Bodic, Baric, Burmic and Karenic. According to Shafer, Sherpa belongs to the Central Unit of the Bodish Section within the Bodic Sub-division of Sino-Tibetan. The present paper attempts to describe the Consonantal system of Sherpa. Sherpa has twenty six (26) consonantal sounds. It has fourteen stops i.e., /p, pʰ, b, t, tʰ, d, ʈ, ʈʰ, ɖ, c, cʰ, k, kʰ, ɡ/, four nasals /m, n, ɲ, ŋ/, four fricatives /s, ʃ, ʒ, h/ one lateral /l/one trill /r/ and two semi-vowels; bilabial semi-vowel /w/ and palatal semi-vowel /j/. Consonant combination in Sherpa can be classified into two categories these are: (i) consonant cluster (ii) consonant sequence. Sherpa has initial and medial consonant clusters that occur within the syllabic boundary. Sherpa has a wide variety of consonant sequences. Gemination, Homorganic and Contagious are the Consonant sequences found in Sherpa Language.


MWNTs/BBC composite fibers were successfully prepared by electrospinning.The morphology and performances of the composite fibers were characterized by Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscope(FESEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),Thermogravimetry(TGA),and Atomic Force Microscope(AFM).The results showed that the size of MWNTs / BBC composite fibers was smaller than those of pure BBC fibers.The crystallinity of MWNTs / BBC composite fibers was improved after heat treatment at 280 ℃ for 30 min.The MWNTs / BBC composite fibers in which the content of MWNTs was 7‰ were chosen for mechanical testing,and the Young's modulus of the single composite fiber could be up to 130 GPa.


The occurrence of disputes in various forms of human interactions has increased in complexity and has assumed a disturbing dimension in recent times. Due to uncertainty surrounding dispute resolution through litigation, professionals in the various disciplines are always seeking for alternative and innovative ways through which risk of disputes that arise in the course of business transactions and professional activities can be resolved without recourse to litigation. The objective of the study therefore is to examine the impact of dispute as an emerging risk factor in real estate business and investment and the adoption of Alternative Dispute Resolution techniques as innovative approaches to real estate investment and management dispute resolution thereby mitigating dispute risk impact on real estate investment. Utilising content analysis of cases in real estate investment sourced from the High Court of Lagos State, some ADR centres and consultant Estate Surveyors and Valuers in Lagos State, results showed among others that there were huge loss of investment in real estate, tribal tensions, discrimination and damaged business relationships when ADR frameworks were not involved in disputes resolution. The study has recommended among others that ADR should be enshrined in all real estate management and investment contracts and that all the stakeholders in real estate business should take advantage of the flexible multi-level ADR clauses to better the chances of dispute resolution along the real estate value chain.


Physical processing such as immersion at different water temperatures did not improve crude fibre and crude protein content of wasted-tea leaves. Thus, the utilization of these wasted tea leaves for poultry diet is still limited due to the high in crude fibre content. Therefore, it is necessary to find out a method for solving this problem. One of the methods is a fermentation by using Aspergillus ficuum. This fungi is known as a microbe which produces cellulase for reducing fibre content. The objectives to investigate the appropriate rice bran (RB) and wasted tea leaf (WTL) combinations and incubation times when fermented with Aspergillus ficuum, and to study the effects of this fermentation process on enzymes (cellulase and protease) activity, and alteration of dry matter, crude fibre and crude protein contents. This experiment was performed in a completely randomized design in a 4 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments with 4 replicates. The first factor was RB and WTL combination as follows: 100:0% (A1), 90:10% (A2), 80:20% (A3), 70:30% (A4). The second factor was incubation times as follows: 7 days (B1) and 9 days (B2). These combinations of RB and WTL were fermented by using Aspergillus ficuum at the dose of 6.3 x 1012 CFU/mL. Measured variables were cellulase and protease activities, and alteration percentage in dry matter (DM), crude fibre (CF) and crude protein (CP). There was an interaction between RB:WTL combination and incubation time in cellulase activity (P<0.01) and CF content (P<0.01). Increasing WTL up to 10% in RB: WTL combination significantly augmented (P<0.05) cellulase activity at 9 days incubation time. The reduction percentage in CF occurred at 90:10% RB and TLM combination and 9 days incubation time. The incubation time for 9 days decreased the protease activity (P<0.01) as well as the reduction percentage in DM (P<0.05). The 90:10% RB and WTL combination improved the increasing percentage in CP (P<0.01). In conclusion, the appropriate RB and WTL combination and incubation time for fermenting the combination ratio of RB:WTL by using Aspergillus ficuum was 90:10% at 9 days incubation time.


AbstractThe bi-metal biosorption of Pleurotus ostreatus spent mushroom substrate (PSMS), a novel agriculture waste from solid substrate fermentation for mushroom production, was explored in this study. The biosorption of Cu(II) and Ni(II) in bi-metal solution using PSMS were examined under batch biosorption technique. Determination of metal biosorption was evaluated through isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic studies in order to elucidate the mechanisms of metal biosorption. Metal biosorption results were well corresponded to Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The maximum uptakes were 3.54 mg/g Cu(II) and 1.85 mg/g Ni(II) for bi-metal solution. However, this PSMS biosorbent has higher selectivity to Ni(II) when compared to Cu(II). The mean energy indicated that chemisorption involved in metals biosorption. Biosorption data were superbly fitted to pseudo-second-order kinetic when compared to pseudo-first-order kinetic. The results from the pseudo-second-order kinetic also implied that chemisorption plays a...


This study adopt the method for research focus analysis based on the frequency of keyword and g-index,discussed the research focus on Interactive Network Services in university library in china taking "CNKI Chinese data base" as the basis.The results show that Development of digital referential consultant service and collaborative model,technology of internet interactive services,Knowledge Management in the role of the internet interactive services,those are the research focus of medical literature retrieval course in the last decade.


A novel flow-injection chemiluminescence(CL) method for the determination of cephradine has been developed.It was based on chemiluminescence reaction of potassium ferricyanide and luminol in sodium hydroxide medium,and cephradine can enhance this chemiluminescence reaction greatly.Under the optimum conditions,the enhanced intensity of chemiluminescence was proportional to the concentration of cephradine in the range of 0.16~160 mg/L and the detection limit was 0.028 mg/L. The relative standard deviation(RSD) was 0.99% for 80 mg/L cephradine(n=11).The proposed method has been applied to the determination of cephradine in a medicament with satisfactory results.The mechanism of the CL reaction has also been discussed.


We are all aware of the importance of getting our programming students up to speed, as in well-grounded, familiar and comfortable with, the basics of programming syntax and usage. After years of trying to do so, I have come to the conclusion that not only do students need repetition and references to reading, they also find it extremely helpful to see demonstrations of programming fundamentals in action. We can accomplish this in class with computers connected to overheads displaying the IDE of Visual Studio.net or any of a multitude of Java environments or by use of the whiteboard and handwritten demonstrations-to-be-copied-and-remembered. Unfortunately, once the student leaves class, the demonstration and the understanding that goes with it begins to erode and fade away. When it comes time for them to re-create code, they cannot remember exactly how nor can they follow their notes and there is no ready reference for them to turn to. What is needed is the ability for the student to refresh that understanding acquired earlier in a like manner to the way they had seen it before. By being exposed to a similar or the same technique or style of presentation as previously encountered, students have a better chance of getting an understanding this time. This tutorial/workshop presents a way to do just that, and more.


The purpose of this paper is to present the results of a study that demonstrates that the value of project management is directly related to each organization's maturity level in project management. This study, conducted in Brazil from September to December 2012 using the Prado Project Management Maturity Model - Prado-PM3 – and internet (www. maturityresearch.com) concludes that:  There is a direct positive relationship between total project success and the organization's level of project management maturity.


Mechanical properties of steels and welding rods are usually random variables, so mechanical properties of welded joints which are made using those materials are also them. In this report, it is pointed out that the reliability of welded joints on static tensile strength must be considered in discussion about matching between base metal and weld metal. The average tensile strength σWu of weld metal is dependent upon the reliability of welded joints, the form of frequency histogram of their strength and the parameter r which decides the lowest required strength of weld metal. A few calculations about the average tensile strength σWu of weld metal were done and the effects of the reliability, r-value and frequency distributions on strength were considered. On these calculation results, the problem of matching was discussed in relation to the reliability.


I read with interest the valuable article by Pratter et al (November 1999),1 regarding the role of sinus imaging in the management of chronic cough. Figure 2 in this article contains a useful algorithm for investigation and treatment of chronic cough. Unfortunately, one potentially important cause of cough will be missed by following this algorithm. Eosinophilic bronchitis is a recently described syndrome.2–4 Subjects with eosinophilic bronchitis have cough with eosinophilic airway inflammation characteristic of that seen in asthma; however, these patients have normal lung function, negative methacholine challenges, and no evidence of variable airflow obstruction. The cough in this condition responds nicely to inhaled corticosteroids.2–4 This syndrome would appear to be a precursor to (or perhaps the very mildest form of) symptomatic asthma. While the "purists" would not include this within the umbrella of the label asthma, it seems reasonable to consider that this is a variant of the syndrome known as cough-variant asthma. In a recent study,4 corticosteroid responsive eosinophilic bronchitis with negative methacholine challenge was shown to be present in 13% of subjects with chronic cough. The authors have pointed out the poor predictive value of a positive methacholine challenge in predicting response to asthma therapy.1,5 The relative common prevalence of eosinophilic bronchitis as a cause of cough underscores that a negative methacholine challenge is also a poor predictor of nonresponse to inhaled corticosteroids. There are two important messages. First, this questions the value of the routine use of methacholine challenges in the evaluation and management of chronic cough. It is possible that a brief diagnostic trial of high-dose inhaled corticosteroids might be a preferable tool at step 2 of the cough algorithm. Second, it suggests the potential value for standardized evaluation of sputum for inflammatory cells, particularly eosinophils, in arriving at a diagnosis and the management plan for cough.


The paper contains a rationale for the prospect of using high-strength structural steels in manufacturing welded structures, hoisting and transport equipment and various elements of equipment operating at low temperatures in the Far North (down to -60°C). It is shown that EN 10025-6 is a main document regulating the set of requirements for the chemical composition and mechanical properties of structural highstrength cold-resistant steels. By analyzing the regulatory documents, as well as technical specifications of large Russian and foreign manufacturers of this type of rolled products, the authors determined a set of requirements to be met by the products: high strength (Rm= 700–950 MPa, ReH ≥ 600 MPa), ductility (relative elongation А5 ≥ 14%, minimum bending radius ≥2t), as well as resistance to low temperatures (KCV -60 ≥ 34 J/cm 2 ). It was revealed that the required set of properties for steel products with a thickness of 8 to 50 mm was achieved by steel quenching followed by high tempering, and for thicknesses of up to 10 mm by using controlled rolling and accelerated cooling.


This chapter provides an overview of some important developments in the analytical curriculum in the United States from the 1950s to the present. It emphasizes problem based learning as an important component of courses and laboratories in this curriculum. It also points out how courses, laboratories, and textbooks have changed to encompass advances in instrumentation, computers, content, and pedagogy. Finally the author suggests unique contributions that analytical chemistry can offer in the training of current and future scientists and engineers.


N A previous report I (Kennington, 1961) suggested that the flour beetle, Tribolium confusum, is physiologically capable of maintaining adequate rates of oxygen uptake in the presence of considerably lower oxygen pressures than it ordinarily would be expected to encounter. In order to place this observation within a systematic framework, a series of experiments was undertaken to define the pattern of response and the limits of maximum oxygen deprivation in adults of this species. Many aerobic organisms, including Coleoptera, can survive for considerable lengths of time in very low oxygen tensions (von Brand, 1946; Prosser and Brown, 1961). It has been suggested that such organisms are utilizing metabolic pathways parallel to the usual glycolytic and TCA paths (Prosser, 1961; Heslop, Price, and Ray, 1963). These phenomena raise the interesting possibility that certain organisms have evolved in such a way that parallel anaerobic pathways of metabolism are maintained as adjuncts providing for greater scope in the total physiology of the species. Anaerobiosis is common in the lower organisms; it is usually thought to be an adaptation to a specific habit, such as parasitism. One might also ask whether it is a more wide-


(I) DECOMPOSITION OF THE ELECTRIC FIELD (Chapter 3)(1) The concept "component (field) of the electric field" was introduced. The field has its own component in any direction and of any dimension.(2) The electric field is decomposed to givendimensional components, or it is reduced to the sum of the lowerdimensional (component) fields.(3) From (2), the electric field is reduced to the sum of the three-dimensional fields or to the sum of the threedimensional fields and a one-or twodimensional one. The three-dimensional field is regarded as equivalent to that with a single electric dipole (Chapter 2), and the one-or twodimensional field is considered to be a special field with a dipole. Thus, the electric field may be regarded as equivalent to that with electric dipoles.(4) A scalar electrocardiogram represents a onedimensional component (field) of the electric field. Or, in catchy expression, ELECTROCARDIOGRAM IS SCALAR.(5) The scalar electrocardiogram has hitherto been thought, as literally shown, as a component or a projection of some vectorial quantity. The above (4) is the corresponding result to this conventional view. The result (4) is appeared to be inconsistent with the result in Part I that an electrocardiogram is a vector but this is not so.(6) A vectorcardiogram represents a threedimensional component (field) of the electric field, and does no more than this. This is the law which sets limits quantitatively to the vectorcardiography. Various methods of deriving vectorcardiogram can only determine the direction of the component field represented by the vectorcardiogram.(II) ISOMORPHIC IMAGE OF THE ELECTRIC FIELD (Chapter 4)(1) A geometric image of which structure is the same with that of the electric field, an "isomorphic image", is conceivable.(2) An isomorphic image of the field is a two-dimensional cycle in the ndimensional geometric space. The "image surface" called by Frank, E. is a sort of isomorphic image of the three-dimensional field.(3) The isomorphic image of a component field is a geometric projection of the image of the electric field.(4) The isomorphic image of so-called transitional pathway, a closed curve on the body surface, is a one-dimensional cycle, and lies on a hyperplane. This determines the linear nature of the potentials on the pathway, and is the reason why the transitional pathway was named as straight line in the previous report.18)


A historical reconstruction of the holistic approach to cancer is presented. A particular attention is given to the United States, since, after reductionism had prevailed in Western world, New York Jungian psychoanalyst Elida Evans published the first modern monograph about the psychology of cancer patients in 1926, proposing a holistic view of cancer again. Evans' theory has largely influenced cancer psychosomatics. Without pretension of completeness, research on cancer is discussed in its epidemiological, social, environmental, behavioural, and psychoanalytical aspects. The results of psychoneuroimmunology and the discoveries of developmental psychobiology are highlighted for their importance in a holistic vision of cancer. Assumption of this paper is that persistent dualism - studying body or mind - is depriving research of fundamental variables involved in human cancer; therefore, integrated multidisciplinary investigation is advocated.


Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of trabeculectomy for primary acute angle-closure glaucoma with high intraocular pressure(IOP).Methods Retrospective analyzed 53 cases(56eyes)of primary acute angle-closure glaucoma,which underwent trabeculectomy.These cases were divided into 2 groups by the preoperational IOP:the high IOP group(15 eyes,IOP≥40mmHg),and the control group(41 eyes,IO P 40mmHg).And analyzed the IOP,visual acuity,complications and surgery outcome of both groups.Results Among all of 56 eyes,hypotony and hypotony maculopathy were observed in 9 eyes without significant difference( P 0 05).No severe complications such as choroidal hemorrhage,intraocular hemorrhage and malignant glaucoma were observed in all cases during surgery and postoperatively.The success rate of control group was higher than the high IOP group( P =0 0331)in the near future.When combined with laser suture lysis,eyeball massage,bleb needling and 5-Fu subconjunctival injection,the success rate of both groups improved and there were not significant difference between them( P 0 05).The postoperative visual acuity of high IOP group improved,and most of the patients maintained a better vision.Conclusions Trabeculectomy for primary acute angle-closure glaucoma with persistent high intraocular pressure is safe and effective.To keep the visual function from more damage,trabeculectomy should be performed for these patients actively.


We present the Monte Carlo event generator KK version 4.13 for precision predictions of the Electroweak Standard Model for the processe+e− → f f̄ + nγ , f = μ,τ, d,u, s, c, b, at centre-of-mass energies from τ lepton threshold to 1 TeV, that is for LEP, SLC, future Linear Colliders, b, c, τ -factories, etc. Effects due to photon emission from initial beams and outgoing fermions are calculated in QED up to second order, including all interference effects, within Coherent Exclusive Exponentiation (CEEX), which is based on Yennie–Frautschi–Suura exponentiation. Electroweak corrections are included in first order, with higher-order extensions, using the DIZET 6.21 library. Final-state quarks hadronize according to the parton shower model using JETSET. Beams can be polarized longitudinally and transversely. Decay of the τ leptons is simulated using the TAUOLA library, taking into account spin polarization effects as well. In particular the complete spin correlations density matrix of the initial-state beams and final state τ 's is incorporated in an exact manner. Effects due to beamstrahlung are simulated in a realistic way. The main improvements with respect to KORALZ are: (a) inclusion of the initial–final state QED interference, (b) inclusion of the exact matrix element for two photons, and (c) inclusion of the transverse spin correlations in τ decays (as in KORALB).  2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.


Inclusive school is a public school that the student with special needs can be educated together with normal students. Expanding the potential that they have through the appropriate teaching strategies is crucial to implement, especially for the student with EBD. The student with EBD is a student that has aggressive behavior and substantial negative influence in the learning process. In accordance to that, the researcher wants to investigate (1) the teaching strategies used by the English teacher for the student with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders (EBD), (2) the implementation of teaching strategies used by the English teacher for the student with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders (EBD). The design of this research is qualitative. The subject of this research is one English teacher of SD Satu Atap Sumbersari 1 Malang Inclusive School. The instruments used were observation and interview. The data gathered were analyzed through the following steps, namely: identifying, classifying, interpreting, arranging the data in the form of table and making conclusion. The current research revealed that there were three strategies used by the English teacher at SD Satu Atap Sumbersari 1 Malang Inclusive School. First, the teacher shows the interest towards students' progress through communication to the student with EBD. Second, giving the student an understanding to have control for everything occurring in their life by giving the student with EBD punishment when break the rules. Third, conducting class activities relevant to students' interest with alternative activities made by the English teacher.


This is a nicely written, well organized paper in which the fluxes of methyl halides and polybrominated methanes are determined from land surfaces exposed by glacial retreat in the Arctic. Multiple sites with different ages since becoming uncovered by an overburden glacier are studied to determine the influence of soil ecosystem development on trace gas fluxes. A number of interesting conclusion are derived that are novel and will be informative for ACP readers. I recommend publishing after further consideration of some minor issues.


Objective: This study aimed to examine the relationship between researches on stents and related policies in China. Methods: The study reviewed and compared published scientific articles and policy documents related to stents. We retrieved literature and guidelines from China National Knowledge Infrastructure ( CNKI) and PubMed databases using"stent"as the key word,and searched policy documents in websites of the Chinese Ministry of Health and related websites of Beijing,Shanghai and Guangzhou. Results: Numbers of stent related papers are increasing both in Chinese and English. The number of Chinese systematic reviews and meta-analysis is too small to draw a conclusion. These papers are mainly about safety and effectiveness,but lack of content about cost effectiveness. We also found six policy documents regarding tendering procurement,price management and technique management standard. The first two types of policies may have some connection with cost related articles; however,the third one has no connection with stent related articles. Conclusions: Although there are many studies on stents,there is still a lack of cost-related studies to address this important health policy aspect in China. The indication of stents, especially drug eluting stents ( DES) in guideline is consistent with the evidence from the technology evaluations. However,other policy documents were still lack of evidence.


We report new measurements of the sodium emission intensity seen in a line of sight just above the surface of the Moon. These data show a strong dependence on lunar phase. The emission intensity decreases from a m_xirnRtll around first quarter (phase angle 90 o) to very small values near full Moon (phase angle 0o). This suggests that the rate of sodium vapor production from the lunar surface is largest at the subsolar point and becomes small near the terminator. However, the sodium emission near full Moon falls below that which would be expected for solar photon-driven processes. Since the solar wind flux decreases substantially when the Moon enters the Earth's magnetotail near full Moon, while the global solar photon flux is undiminished, we suggest that solar wiml sputtering is the dominant process for sodium production. sodium exospheric density as the Moon traverses the Earth's magnetotail. At, or near full Moon, the Moon is fully illuminated by the Sun, but it is immersed in the Earth's magnetotail. Then, the flux of solar wind particles to the surface is reduced by the shielding action of the Earth's magnetosphere, but photon flux is unaffected. Consequently, ff sputtering is a major process for sodium generation, sodium density should be reduced at or near full Moon. This test was applied to one set of measurements. The tentative conclusion at that time was that sputtering was probably not very significant, because the sodium density decreased only about factor of two when the Moon was in the magnetotail. We have performed additional observations to test this concept. We measured the sodium emission intensity near the hmar surface at a number of different hmar phase angles. Most of these measurements were made above the ltmar equator, but a few were done above the lunar poles. These data favor the hypothesis that solar wind sputtering is an important source process.


The present invention relates to a closure device for pressure vessel (14) of the gas cooling generator (11), the pressure vessel is fillable with compressed gas. The valve body (21) is arranged to be displaced in the valve box (18). The valve body (21), and an effective compression surface facing towards the main chamber effective compression surface facing towards the (15) and the front chamber (52), both sides have the same size, the main You can receive the filling pressure in the chamber (15). The valve body (21), the outer effective compression surface (64) exposed to atmospheric pressure the closing direction, and the energy storage element (47) thus being held in the closed position.


A simple, but useful and truthful, distinction between senior management and middle management is that senior management mostly deals with strategy which middle management has to implement. It follows, therefore, that when a major new strategic business tool becomes feasible, the more Administrative Managers who know about it, the better. Electronic Bill Presentment and Payment (thankfully abbreviated to EBPP) is unquestionably a major new strategic business tool. Administrative Managers might be forgiven for thinking that the emergence of a new kind of resource, which offered their organisation the opportunity to take a decisive step to maximise the quality of customer service, and to economise on the cost of issuing bills and collecting payment, was about as likely as finding a customer who looks forward to receiving an invoice. But EBPP, while still in an embryonic stage right now, offers the exciting possibility that radical customer service improvement and significant cost economies can be achieved simultaneously. New Strategies for Old... At heart, the idea behind EBPP is straightforward enough. EBPP makes use of internet technology to provide customers with a facility for delivering, paying and querying bills. It is a classic example of a new technology being used to support an eminently familiar and common business practice: the need for an organisation to issue bills and collect payments. EBPP has plenty to offer all types of organisations, but large organisations with many retail customers are particularly suitable for benefiting from its advantages because of the fundamental nature of their business. The basic predicament facing such organisations is how (most cost-effectively) to provide services and collect payment from a very large number of customers, most of whom will individually only be providing a small (or - in the case of some organisations - even only a tiny) revenue stream during the year in question. Whichever way one looks at the situation, it is a fearsome business challenge. EBPP aims to solve it by what is essentially a three-stage process, as illustrated in Figure One. As the Figure shows, the first stage is the actual presentation of the bill electronically. The bill may be presented in summary form if this is how customers prefer it (for example, a gas, electricity or water bill would typically be presented in this way) or it may be presented in detailed, itemised form. The system could be set up to send the customer an alert by e-- mail or text message when a new bill had arrived. It can cost easily cost an organisation fi or more to print and post a paper bill, so clearly electronic delivery can dramatically reduce costs. The second stage is the payment of the bill by the customer using whichever method the customer prefers. In the case of an EBPP bill, the methods of payment likely to be preferred by the organisation are direct debit, bank giro credit or debit card. If the customer is indeed paying by direct debit he or she may not need to take any more steps at all. The third stage, the customer service stage, is in many ways the most exciting of all. It allows customers to query bills and/or seek more information by going to the biller's website. While this third stage of the service is strictly speaking optional, the organisation has every reason to want customers to make use of the customer service facility, as it enables them to both provide additional services and to reduce the cost of providing normal customer services. Loyalty bonus This facility makes EBPP much more than merely a bill issuing and payment facility; it transforms it into an ultra-powerful on-line resource by means of which the organisation can create a community of loyal on-line customers who will form an important target audience for new products and services. These customers can be provided with extended services such as comprehensive details of bills, e. …


We have developed neural network models that predict Kp from upstream solar wind data. We study the importance of various input parameters, starting with the magnetic component B z , particle density n , and velocity V and then adding total field B and the B y component. As we also notice a seasonal and UT variation in average Kp we include functions of day-of-year and UT. Finally, as Kp is a global representation of the maximum range of geomagnetic variation over 3-hour UT intervals we conclude that sudden changes in the solar wind can have a big effect on Kp , even though it is a 3-hour value. Therefore, 3-hour solar wind averages will not always appropriately represent the solar wind condition, and we introduce 3-hour maxima and minima values to some degree address this problem. We find that introducing total field B and 3-hour maxima and minima, derived from 1-minute solar wind data, have a great influence on the performance. Due to the low number of samples for high Kp values there can be considerable variation in predicted Kp for different networks with similar validation errors. We address this issue by using an ensemble of networks from which we use the median predicted Kp . The models (ensemble of networks) provide prediction lead times in the range 20–90 min given by the time it takes a solar wind structure to travel from L1 to Earth. Two models are implemented that can be run with real time data: (1) IRF-Kp-2017-h3 uses the 3-hour averages of the solar wind data and (2) IRF-Kp-2017 uses in addition to the averages, also the minima and maxima values. The IRF-Kp-2017 model has RMS error of 0.55 and linear correlation of 0.92 based on an independent test set with final Kp covering 2 years using ACE Level 2 data. The IRF-Kp-2017-h3 model has RMSE = 0.63 and correlation = 0.89. We also explore the errors when tested on another two-year period with real-time ACE data which gives RMSE = 0.59 for IRF-Kp-2017 and RMSE = 0.73 for IRF-Kp-2017-h3. The errors as function of Kp and for different years are also studied.


A survey of city transportation impact on the living environment and conservation of historic districts in Nanjing.The result shows:traffic pollution ranks highest among all pollutions;a strip of 50 meters along city streets subject most to the traffic noise;waste gas from car tails the most enbeerable of all;and conservation of historic buildings and districts is considered higher than road construction.


We observed 17 optically selected, radio-quiet, high-redshift quasars with the Chandra ACIS and detected 16 of them. The quasars have redshifts between 3.70 and 6.28 and include the highest-redshift quasars known. When compared with low-redshift quasars observed with ROSAT, these high-redshift quasars are significantly more X-ray-quiet. We also find that the X-ray spectral index of the high-redshift objects is flatter than the average at lower redshift. These trends confirm the predictions of models in which the accretion flow is described by a cold, optically thick accretion disk surrounded by a hot, optically thin corona, provided the viscosity parameter α ≥ 0.02. The high-redshift quasars have supermassive black holes, with masses of ~1010 M☉, and are accreting material at ~0.1 times the Eddington limit. We detect 10 X-ray photons from the z = 6.28 quasar SDSS 1030+0524, which might have a Gunn-Peterson trough and be near the redshift of reionization of the intergalactic medium. The X-ray data place an upper limit on the optical depth of the intergalactic medium, τ(IGM) < 106, compared to the lower limit from the spectrum of Lyα and Lyβ, which implies τ(IGM) > 20.


Background: Clinical assessment of arthritis is the cornerstone in the diagnosis and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Nevertheless, reliable determination of (sub)clinical arthritis can be difficult, especially in the feet. Advanced imaging techniques may contribute to early diagnosis and therapy monitoring through sensitive detection and (quantitative) monitoring of synovitis. Previously, it has been demonstrated that macrophage imaging using (R)-[11C]PK11195 positron emission tomography (PET) allows for highly sensitive and specific imaging of RA disease activity in the hands. (1,2) Whole body macrophage PET imaging that includes the feet has not yet been evaluated in RA. Objectives: To compare whole body macrophage PET imaging to clinical assessment of arthritis activity in clinically active, early RA patients. Methods: Thirty-five previously untreated RA patients (age 54 ± 12, 51% male) with at least two clinically inflamed joints were included. They underwent a whole body (R)-[11C]PK11195 PET/computed tomography (CT) scan in addition to standard clinical assessment of number of tender and swollen joints (TJC and SJC, respectively). Two readers blinded to clinical assessment (GZ and CvdL) visually scored intensity of uptake in joints on a 0 to 3 scale. A PET positive joint score was defined at ≥ 1. Additionally, (R)-[11C]PK11195 uptake in joints was assessed quantitatively as standardized uptake values (SUV). Visual parameters were compared to clinical parameters using Cohen's kappa, and quantitative parameters were analyzed using an independent T-test. Results: All patients showed enhanced tracer uptake in one or more joints (Figure 1). A total of 168 joints were visually PET positive, with the following distribution: 16% in the wrists, 14% in the metacarpophalangeal joints, 25% in the proximal interphalangeal joints, 4% in the ankles, 37% in the metatarsophalangeal joints. Positivity in other large joints was rare (4%). The number of discrepant findings between PET and clinical outcome (TJC and/or SJC) varied based on anatomic localization; more joints were clinically active in the hands, and more joints were active on the PET scan in the feet. Consequently, agreement between visual PET positivity and clinical activity was low, with only moderate agreement found in the ankles (κ = 0.46 and 0.41 for SJC and TJC respectively). Quantitative PET data showed a trend towards higher SUV values in joints that were clinically tender and/or swollen, reaching a significant difference in the feet (ankles + MTPs) versus SJC (Figure 2; 0.7 vs 1.0, p Conclusion: Whole body macrophage PET imaging showed clear uptake of (R)-[11C]PK11195 in several joints of clinically active, early RA patients, especially in MTP-joints. The best correlation between quantitative PET data and clinical assessment of swelling was observed in the feet. In general, however, PET also provided distinct information from clinical assessment, which may provide a means for detecting subclinical synovitis. We are performing longitudinal studies to further assess the value of macrophage PET in RA. References: [1]Elzinga EH, et al. J Nucl Med. 2011; 52(1): 77-80. [2]Gent YY, et al. J Rheumatology. 2014; 41: 2145-52 Acknowledgments: We thank ReumaNederland and Pfizer for financial support of this investigator initiated study. Disclosure of Interests: Nicki J.F. Verweij: None declared, Marieke ter Wee: None declared, Jerney de Jongh: None declared, Gerben C.J. Zwezerijnen: None declared, Maqsood Yaqub: None declared, Maarten Boers: None declared, Alexandre Voskuyl: None declared, Adriaan A. Lammertsma: None declared, WIllem Lems Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Consultant of: Lilly, Pfizer, Conny J. van der Laken: None declared


Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) can be detected by thermospray liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) only when the system is operated in the negative ion mode with filament on and some water entering the thermospray source. A new mechanism for PFC ionization is proposed, based on studies of LC/MS detection of the perfluorinated forms of cyclohexane, methyl and dimethyl cyclohexane, decalin, 1-methyl decalin and toluene. The ion evaporation mechanism of Dodd, involving pre-ionization of PFCs in the presence of aqueous NH4OAc, is not operative, nor is chemical ionization of PFCs by the reagent ions as in true thermospray LC/MS. Instead, PFC ionization is attributable to the negative ions formed from the water in the source; these ions undergo prompt charge-exchange reactions with the more electronegative PFCs to form structure-retaining PFC ions.


Hydraulic fracturing,which is the effective measures for enhanceding oil and gas well production and increasing water injection,has become one kind of the most important transformation methods for oil and gas layer. The performance of fracturing operation was directly affected by fracturing fluid. Since synthetic polymer fracturing fluid had plenty of superiority than regular Gung Gum fracturing fluid,such as better thickening ability,nice suspended sand capability,insensitive to the bacteria,gel has good stability,no residue,low to the formation damage and low cost etc.,it became a hot direction of the research at home and abroad. Synthetic polymers included acrylamide with polyvinyl alcohol,etc.,acrylamide class thickener research mainly concentrated in low molecular weight,acid cross- linked,hydrophobic association,and well salt resistance and shear resistance.


This dissertation aims to contextualise the history of the Cap Arcona, providing not only the first detailed reconstruction of the events which led to the incarceration of concentration camp prisoners on the ship, but also exploring British motives for its bombing. It argues, firstly, that the imprisonment of the former camp inmates on the Cap Arcona was not undertaken with a particular plan in mind, but in desperate reaction to a chain of circumstances: the rapid advance of the Allies, the hurried evacuation of Neuengamme as well as conflicts between Party, civilian and military offices created a problematic situation to which the ships at harbour in Lubeck Bay appeared to offer an interim solution. Secondly, it argues that the bombing of the ship by the British also resulted from a chain of circumstances, albeit a very different one. Concerned lest the Russians advance too far, the British pushed their forces north rapidly in the early part of 1945, hoping to get to the North Sea as fast as possible. In their rush, the British became increasingly careless and, in the case of the Cap Arcona, over-hastiness, poor communications and neglect of proper reconnaissance led to a disastrous error of judgement. By interweaving and chronologically juxtaposing the German and British sides of the story, the dissertation seeks to show how the war's approaching end impacted on policies, thinking and practices which, while of course very different in the German and British cases, made possible the catastrophe in Lubeck Bay.


In the present work, eddy current losses in permanent magnets of a coaxial magnetic gear construction are estimated. Transient finite element method model is implemented for eddy currents calculation in dynamic operational mode. Simulations in different rotational speeds are performed and results for the eddy currents demagnetization effect over the torque conversion are presented.


Abstract : Section profile drag and section lift at flight Reynolds Numbers were obtained with two types of ailerons tested to verify questionable flight investigation results. Conclusions show that the profile-drag coefficient of the beveled trailing-edge aileron configuration was slightly higher than for the contour aileron configuration. Section aileron effectiveness per unit aileron deflection of the beveled trailing-edge aileron was approximately 80% of the effectiveness of the contour aileron.


The morphological description of the new Bart table-grade wine grape variety for use, the timing of the vegetation phases and agrobiological indicators of the variety for the years of observation 2014–2018 are given. The cultivar is recommended for cultivation in the 6th region in a non-covering culture.


Over the past year, the Reserve Bank of India has introduced innovation-friendly regulations, including nationalisation of banks, building of robust branch, network of scheduled commercial banks, co-operatives and regional rural banks etc. The Payments Bank regulations were particularly noteworthy as they finally provide a framework for a variety of organizations with distribution muscle to provide payment and deposit services at scale in India. It's a step to redefine banking in India. The Reserve Bank expects payment banks to target India's migrant labourers, low-income households and small businesses, offering savings accounts and remittance services with a low transaction cost. It hopes payments banks will enable poorer citizens who transact only in cash to take their first step into formal banking. It could be uneconomical for traditional banks to open branches in every village but the mobile phones coverage is a promising low-cost platform for quickly taking basic banking services to every rural citizen. The innovation is also expected to accelerate India's journey into a cashless economy. The existence of entrepreneurs with diverse backgrounds could ultimately be a test for which model works best, beyond conventional banking.


Theodor Mommsen is regarded as the greatest Roman historian after Niebuhr, and arguably one of the most prominent and powerful classics scholars of the nineteenth century.

Keywords:

archaeology;
historians;
nations and peoples


The balancing numbers satisfy the second order linear homogeneous dierence equation Bn+1 = 6Bn - Bn-1, on the other hand the Fibonacci numbers are solution of the second order linear homogeneous dierence equation Fn+1 = Fn + Fn-1; where Bn and Fn denote the nth balancing number and nth Fibonacci number respectively. In a paper, Smith introduce Fibonometry in connection with a dierential equation called Fibonometric dierential equation. In this study, we first introduce the balancometric dierential equation and then obtain the balancometric functions as solutions of this equation.


Determining the processes that drive the evolution of pathogen host range can inform our understanding of disease dynamics and the potential for host shifts. In natural populations, patterns of host range could be driven by genetically based differences in pathogen infectivity or ecological differences in host availability. In northwestern Italy, four reproductively isolated lineages of the fungal plant‐pathogen Microbotryum have been shown to co‐occur on several species in the genus Dianthus. We carried out cross‐inoculation experiments to determine whether patterns of realized host range in these four lineages were driven by differences in infectivity and to test whether there was evidence of a trade‐off between host range and within‐host reproduction. We found strong concordance between field patterns of host range and pathogen infectivity on different Dianthus species using experimental inoculation, indicating that infection ability is a major driving force of host range. However, we found no evidence of a trade‐off between the ability to infect a wider range of host species and spore production on a shared host.


Long term evolution (LTE) in the run to sustain the ongoing traffic explosion have paved way for the 5G (fifth generation) wireless communications which envision magnitudes of increase in wireless data rates, bandwidth, coverage and connectivity. Cooperative communication which is an enabling technology for the 5G has lead to further requirement of Quadrature Spatial Modulation (QSM). It will give better diversity leading to reduction in error rate. QSM is a recent digital MIMO transmission technique that improves the spectral efficiency and enhances the reliability of communication. In QSM system, Inter Channel Interference (ICI) is also avoided entirely since the two transmitted data are orthogonal and modulated on the real and imaginary parts of the carrier signals. The objective of the work is to implement the recent QSM in a cooperative system. A cooperative multiple Amplify and Forward (AF) relaying system over QSM technique is proposed. The proposed QSM outperforms the existing spatial modulation (SM) technique in terms of spectral efficiency and error rate.


The La0.67Ca0.33MnO3-x films doped with Al2O3 up to 25 at% have been grown on the (100)LaAlO3 substrates at 400 C by a d.c. magnetron sputtering process. The sputtered films have a polycrystalline structure, which shows a [100] preferential orientation. An Al2O3-rich second phase exists in the microstructure of films doped with Al2O3 more than 5%. It is found that the MR behavior of films is strongly influenced by the Al2O3 doping and annealing treatment. The film doped with 5% Al2O3, deposited at 400 C and annealed at 1000 C for 4 hr, shows a MR ratio as high as ∼4980% at 100 K and at 8 kOe which corresponds to a MR sensitivity of ∼0.6%/Oe. Such a huge low-field MR behavior can be ascribed to the spin-polarized tunneling across grain boundaries where an Al2O3-rich second phase is believed to exist.


The invention relates to a thermoelectric element having at least one tubular segment (2, 3) which in turn a thermoplastic tubular formed (6, 7), in which a semi-conducting, p-type or n-type thermoelectric filler is incorporated. The thermoplastic material (6, 7) has in this case both in its interior an inner, electrically conductive contact (8) and on its exterior an external electrically conductive contact (9).


This paper theoretically analyzes the optical transmission characteristics of an optical waveguide when coupling to a micro cavity array. The results showed that not only were there sharp peaks on the transmission and reflection spectra, but also that a certain system configuration can produce a backward wave to obtain a phase shift in the small detuning range between the incident wave and the micro cavities. Based on a discussion of the relationship between the transmission and the number and the dissipation coefficients of each coupled micro cavity, the paper proposes a high efficiency all-optical switch model.


This paper develops and tests a model of the labor mediation process using data from a sample of negotiations involving municipal governments and police and firefighter unions in the State of New York. The test of the model also incorporates an estimate of the impact of a change in the statutory impasse procedures governing these groups. The model examines the impact of (1) alternative sources of impasse, (2) situational characteristics, (3) strategies of the mediators, and (4) personal characteristics of the mediators on the probability of settlement, percentage of issues resolved in mediation, movement or compromising behavior, and the tendency to hold back concessions in mediation. The results indicate that the change in the impasse procedure had a marginal affect on the probability of settlement in the small to medium cities in the sample but little or no effect on the larger cities. Furthermore, a number of other measures of the sources of impasse and mediator strategies and characteristics had a stronger impact on the effectiveness of the mediation process than the nature of the impasse procedure.


Dr. John E. Breen, P.E., is the holder of the Nasser I. AI -Rashid Chair in Engineering and a professor in civil engineering at The University of Texas at Austin (UT). He has been a faculty member at UT since 1962 and served for 18 years as director of the Phil M. Ferguson Structural Engineering Laboratory at the Balcones Research Center. Dr. Breen has received numerous awards for his accomplishments , including election to the National Academy of Engineering, ASCE's T. Y. Lin Award (twice) for the most outstanding paper on prestressed concrete and the 1990 FIP Medal. . Dr. Breen has authored numerous published papers in the areas of reinforced and prestressed concrete research and in bridge design .


Management reform in public sector, especially in financial
management, is one of political policy of The Goverment of Indonesia to build
good governance. To carry on the policy, the goverment has established The State
Financial Act No. 17/2003 which is handling performance-based budgeting
system in public sector. Performance-based budget is an integrated annual
performance plan and annual budget that shows the relationship between program
funding levels and ecpected results. Performance-based budget provide
information that relate on improvement of quality of outputs and outcomes
without denying the information of used of financial resources (inputs).
The research was done to know the process of regional budget in
Dinas Kesehatan Kota Palembang by using performance-based budget. This
research was done by case study yo know how the process of performance-based
budget being implemented that can give suggestion for an effective improvement
of implementation. The data collection was done by interviews with key person,
literature study, dan observation. The data analyzed and provided in form of
matrix, chart and description that can described and discussed to find the clarity.
The clarifier factors or regional budget compiling cover three aspects:
the annual performance plan, budget compiling procedure, and personnel
competences. The three aspects have a relationship with implementation of
performance-based budget in budget compiling.
The research�s result shows that the implementation of performancebased
budget in regional budget compiling in Dinas Kesehatan Kota Palembang
has not well worked. The subtance of the budget compiling still used the previous
system (incremental budget) because the lack of several aspect to implemen the
performance based-budget such as standart services, standard operating
procedure, and unit cost of services or products. In other word, the performancebased
budget not implemented effectively in Dinas Kesehatan Kota Palembang.


In this paper we look at a well known linear inverse problem that is one of the mathematical cornerstones of the compressed sensing field. In seminal works \cite{CRT,DOnoho06CS} $\ell_1$ optimization and its success when used for recovering sparse solutions of linear inverse problems was considered. Moreover, \cite{CRT,DOnoho06CS} established for the first time in a statistical context that an unknown vector of linear sparsity can be recovered as a known existing solution of an under-determined linear system through $\ell_1$ optimization. In \cite{DonohoPol,DonohoUnsigned} (and later in \cite{StojnicCSetam09,StojnicUpper10}) the precise values of the linear proportionality were established as well. While the typical $\ell_1$ optimization behavior has been essentially settled through the work of \cite{DonohoPol,DonohoUnsigned,StojnicCSetam09,StojnicUpper10}, we in this paper look at possible upgrades of $\ell_1$ optimization. Namely, we look at a couple of algorithms that turn out to be capable of recovering a substantially higher sparsity than the $\ell_1$. However, these algorithms assume a bit of "feedback" to be able to work at full strength. This in turn then translates the original problem of improving upon $\ell_1$ to designing algorithms that would be able to provide output needed to feed the $\ell_1$ upgrades considered in this papers.


1. Treatment of Osteomalacia 2. Hypopara-thyroidism 3. Primary Hyperparathyroidism 4. Bone Disease and Malignancy 5. Paget's Disease 6. Renal Bone Disease 7. Transplantation Bone Disease 8. Osteoporosis: Primary Prevention 9. Management of Established Osteoporosis 10. Drugs for the Treatment of Estabilshed Osteoporosis 11. Corticosteroid-Induced Osteoporosis 12. Osteoporosis in Men 13. Osteoporosis in Children 14. Osteogenesis Imperfects and other Heritable Conditions


Diabetic Retinopathy is the main cause of vision impairment among people suffering from diabetes and often leads to blindness. It has no early warning signs. Hence, it is of utmost importance to detect it as early as possible in order to provide adequate treatment. Most of the current research in this field focuses on a manual process of feature extraction such as annotation of lesions and optic disk segmentation so as to detect the presence of DR. In this paper, a framework DR-NET using stacked convolutional neural networks for diabetic retinopathy detection from digital fundus images is proposed. A network consisting of convolutional layers with different filters stacked in parallel, the output of which is concatenated and global max pooling performed on it, is developed. This architecture helps extract intricate features during the classification task along with minimizing the learnable parameters and reduces overfitting, thus, improving the overall performance of the model. Various preprocessing methods were applied to further improve accuracy. Visualization techniques were also used to gain insights into the learning of the model. The experimental results were performed on about 12,000 images which were an ensemble of various online datasets, yielded an accuracy of 81% and a kappa score of 0.6.


This paper took Huimin county for example analysis soil nutrient balance and spatial-temporal variability for more understanding spatial-temporal variability of soil nutrient on the grain crop region of county.The results showed that,nitrogen and phosphorus in soil were superabundant,and potassium balanced from 1985.There were three types of spatial variability of soil nutrient in Huimin county:①The spatial variability of exchangeable K was best described by exponential model,and the maximum correlative distance was 16.6 km.②The spatial variability of total N increased with increasing spatial distance.To some extent,there was tendency of them in spatial distribution.③The spatial variability of Olsen-P had no relation with spatial distance inside the sampling distance.Compared with spatial distribution of soil nutrient in 1984,a litter differences were observed to spatial distribution of total N and exchangeable K,and a large differences were observed to spatial distribution of Olsen-P.The character of spatial-temporal variability of soil nutrient was similar to soil nutrient balance.It indicated soil nutrient balance was important factor to result in the difference of spatial-temporal variability of soil nutrient.


Henry Mansel, writing in 1863, was confident in his prediction that the current popular vogue for sensation novels was an ephemeral phase, soon to pass into a deserved oblivion. Yet by the end of a decade marked by extensive and frequently hysterical debates over the genre, the future Poet Laureate, Alfred Austin, was still bemoaning the ubiquity of sensation fiction: "the world may congratulate itself when the last sensational novel has been written and forgotten" (424). Mansel and Austin would doubtless have been astounded (and appalled) at the current status of mid-Victorian sensation fiction in the realm of academic scholarship. Far from being a long-forgotten, inconsequential moment in literary history, the sensation novels of authors such as Wilkie Collins, Mary Elizabeth Braddon, Ellen Wood, and Ouida have prompted a plethora of critical studies, which have impacted on our wider understanding of the dynamics and influences of mid-Victorian literary and publishing practices.


A communication barrier arises between overseas managers and head office staff when the latter cannot grasp foreign work contexts. The barrier hinders cross‐border management. Communication is likely to improve through training based on the research finding that managers tend to talk about problems in terms of dilemma, paradox and other tensions generated by environmental forces such as culture and politics. Such tensions pervade organizational, managerial and other literature. Learners who study the tension construct become adept at identifying tensions generated by forces affecting domestic as well as international scenarios. More research is needed, but indications are that head office staff learn to empathize with overseas colleagues, and become less inclined to rely on a domestic mindset when analyzing unfamiliar contexts. Study of the tension construct may also improve skills in other forms of scenario analysis, and refine learners' knowledge of negotiation dynamics. Tension analysis has potential as a generic skill for analyzing organizational issues at home and abroad.


The Iowa Legislature recently passed changes to the Iowa Code that will affect commercial, public, and private pesticide applicators. Previously, commercial, public, and private applicators had the option of paying oneyear or three-year certification fees. Effective July 1, 2012, one-year certification fees are no longer available. All individual pesticide applicator certification fees will now cover three years. Certified pesticide applicators that currently pay one-year fees but are in a three-year qualification cycle will be eligible to pay the one-year certification renewal fee until the existing cycle expiration date.


The Medical Journal of Australia ISSN: 0025729X 1 February 2010 192 3 119-119 ©The Medical Journal of Australia 2010 www.mja.com.au Postcard from New York City, she was told it was not possible because she already had three accounts on which money was owed at another bank. This is a real and not uncommon scenario in the US where, because of the complexity of the banking system, identity fraud is rife. For Australians visiting or living in the US since the new homeland security laws came into eb tw da R ecca Nicole Hannah Zajac is not a name o people are likely to have. Yet, my ughter, living in the United States, found that someone with this name and the same birthday as her had opened three bank accounts and overdrawn these accounts substantially. Thus, when Rebecca came to open a bank account in New York


A series of para-substituted diastereopure cis- and trans-2-fluoro-2-arylcyclopropylamines were synthesized and these were investigated as inhibitors of microbial tyramine oxidase from Arthrobacter sp. All compounds were shown to be competitive inhibitors of this enzyme. The nature of the para-substituents in the more potent trans-isomer (cis-relationship between fluorine and the amino group) of 2-fluoro-2-arylcyclopropylamine influenced the inhibitory potency in a consistent fashion. Thus, electron-withdrawing groups (F, Cl) slightly decreased the activity, while the methyl group (+ I substituent) increased the activity by a factor of ca. 7 compared to trans-2-fluoro-2-phenylcyclopropylamine and by a factor of 90 compared to tranylcypromine. Activity also was strongly dependent on the absolute configuration. The (1S,2S)-enantiomer of 2-fluoro-2-phenylcyclopropylamine was an excellent inhibitor of tyramine oxidase whereas the (1R,2R)-enantiomer was essentially devoid of activity.


Aiming at reducing the total energy consumption of three stages processing-transportation-assembly in the assembly manufacturing industry, a three-stage multiobjective integrated scheduling problem with job batch transportation considering the energy consumption (3sMISP_JBTEC) is proposed, and a comprehensive energy consumption model of multistage of 3sMISP_JBTEC with an improved turn off/on strategy in the processing stage and considering speed in the transportation stage is formulated. Then, a hybrid estimation of distribution algorithm with variable neighborhood search (HEDA_VNS) is developed to solve the scheduling problem. In the HEDA_VNS, the reasonable coding/decoding rules and speed scheduling scheme (SSS) are designed. Moreover, two local search strategies are designed to further enhance the performance of HEDA_VNS. Among them, three types of neighborhood search strategies are devised in Local Search I to improve the search efficiency while retaining the structure of the original high-quality solution. A variable neighborhood hybrid operation based on the speed scheduling set is designed in Local Search II to further improve the quality of the solution while balancing the optimization goals. Finally, simulations and comparisons show the efficiency of the proposed HEDA_VNS.


The primary sources of anthropogenic and technogenic impacts on the environment of urban and suburban areas of the Voronezh and Saratov Regions which are part of the Khopyor River Region have been identified. Among the combined urbanized and man-made sources it is necessary to distinguish the activity of pedestrians and road transport. These conditions characterize the local background of the total anthropo-technological load in relation to the settlements of the research area. Its main manifestations include soil compaction, density of the road and path network and clutter. Arithmetic mean values of degradation impacts were analyzed for settlements in the subregion under consideration. A scale of point-based environmental assessment of the state of the environment is developed for differentiated localities in the Khopyor River Region. High anthropogenic and technogenic load is found in Balashov, middle - in Borisoglebsk, Rtishchevo, low - in Povorino and Gribanovsky, an extremely low load - in Romanovka, Arkadak and Novokhopersk. The obtained and analyzed values of anthropogenic and technogenic loads on the environment demonstrate the features of its state and the direction of its degradation, the levels of environmental comfort of urbanized areas for the population. The system of environmental quality management, urban and suburban environmental management in the Khopyor River Region should be reoriented to an ecosystem basis using the environmental assessment criteria and the environmental monitoring results presented and analyzed in this paper.


five years earlier, but (from pp. 219 ff.) we can find something about "A Comparison of Bennington College Alumnae and Students in i960." The alumnae stand slightly higher on nonauthoritarianism than any of the college classes of i960. There appear to be real aesthetic differences on the Allport-Vernon-Lindzey Study of Values. Twenty-eight percent of the 1960 students, as compared with eight percent of the alumnae, rank the aesthetic value first. In response to the statement "I think I take primarily an aesthetic view of experience/' 29 percent of the alumnae and 60 percent of the i960 seniors say "yes." The book as a whole emphasizes rational and coherent development of attitudes from mature reflection. The authors take a firm and carefully reasoned position on the meaning of the origin and preservation of Bennington's liberal attitudes. Instead of attributing these to the impulsiveness of youth, or the dramatic persuasive skills of the faculty, the authors say, in their last sentence: " . . . we have observed (in the earlier instance) or we predict (for the later period) that when the effects of the college environment have been powerful enough to influence individuals' self-images, and thereby to affect their subsequent environments, the college influences are likely to persist" (p. 230). The book achieves a very high level of educational vision and of professional research skill. Gardner Murphy The Menninger Foundation


Ecocriticism has been one of the prominent theories of literary criticism. However, its practitioners have felt some inconvenience in their practice. Objective of this paper is to know the matters that have made the practitioners of ecocriticism feel uneasy in their practice and supply solution to their problems. The paper argues that the uneasy felt by the practitioners of ecocriticism is caused by the fact that there is no dominant canonical guideline in ecocriticism. The paper proposes that this gap can be fulfilled by adopting some prominent features of American transcendentalism: that nature is the manifestation of universal soul; that human being is analogous to nature; and hence human actions should be made proportionate to the order of nature. This study can add some in the process of making ecocriticism emerge as a complete philosophy of the relationship between human being and nature, which thereby could create harmony in and between them. Keywords— American transcendentalism, anthropocentrism, deep ecology, ecocriticism, Gayahypothesis, non-anthropocentrism, universal spirit.


Photonic wires, channel and rib waveguides as well as tapers were fabricated with amorphous silicon showing low propagation loss. Material analysis and RTA was carried out in order to tune the refractive index post deposition.


This paper seeks to determine a dynamic Pareto- optimal method for various problems of production scheduling, based on simultaneous application of two criteria: relative manufacturing cost criterion and average orders utility criterion. In this method the concept of production intensity as a dynamic production process parameter is used. The method is applicable both for "make-to-order" and "make-to-stock" manufacturing strategies. The software used allows scheduling for middle quantity of jobs. The result of software application is the set of non-dominant versions proposed to a user for making a final choice.


Vibrational echo correlation spectroscopy (VECS) is a powerful new method that can be applied to diverse problems such as hydrogen bond dynamics and the detn. of the compn. of complex mixts. First, the nature of a hydrogen bond network following hydrogen bond breaking is addressed for MeOD oligomers in CCl4. The correlation spectra demonstrate MeOD oligomers retain a detailed memory of the hydrogen bonded network that existed prior to hydrogen bond breaking through the observation of spectral diffusion in the photoproduct band formed following vibrational relaxation. Second, VECS is used to demonstrate the assignment of the chem. species in a complex mixt. In the example, while the linear absorption spectrum does not provide enough information to identify which peaks belong to the same mol., the off-diagonal coherence transfer peaks in the 2-dimensional correlation spectrum make the assignment straightforward. [on SciFinder(R)]


This study identified the relevant Information Quality (IQ) dimensions in Business Intelligence (BI) system from user's perspective. A case study was conducted, through a sample of 170 individuals, in a big Brazilian financial company. Results highlighted twenty IQ dimensions that can be used by companies in evaluation of their IQ.


The properties of the orbitally excited (L 1⁄4 1) Bs states are studied by using 1:0 fb 1 of pp collisions at ffiffi s p 1⁄4 7 TeV collected with the LHCb detector. The first observation of the B s2ð5840Þ meson decaying to B þK is reported, and the corresponding branching fraction measured relative to the BþK decay mode. The Bs1ð5830Þ ! B þK decay is observed as well. The width of the B s2ð5840Þ state is measured for the first time, and the masses of the two states are determined with the highest precision to date. The observation of the B s2ð5840Þ ! B þK decay favors the spin-parity assignment J 1⁄4 2þ for the B s2ð5840Þ meson. In addition, the most precise measurement of the mass difference mðB þÞ mðBþÞ 1⁄4 45:01 0:30ðstatÞ 0:23ðsystÞ MeV=c is obtained.


The immediate benefits of "kangaroo care" (KC) -- mother-infant skin-to-skin contact -- on the physiology and behavior of premature infants are well documented. However, the effect of KC on infants' longer-term development and on parent-infant relations has not been well studied. In this nonrandomized study, researchers compared 73 preterm infants (mean birth weight [BW], 1270 g; mean …


Apollo Service Propulsion System Block II firings exhibited an average spontaneous pressure spike (pop) rate a factor of 5 or more greater than Block I. The incidence of combustion instability also increased. The present study was undertaken to determine if the source of the pops was related to the hydraulic flow characteristics of the injector, or to the gasdynamic environment within the chamber. A mechanism for the occurrence of pops was hypothesized: zones of unreacted propellants may exist as a result of the injector pattern design; if these zones are suddenly mixed, a pop may result. To verify this theory, experimental studies were conducted to evaluate the hydraulic characteristics of the injector elements, and the existence of unreacted zones of propellant. By these studies, the existence of the potential for pops was verified. The injector was modified by counterboring certain orifices to prevent hydraulic flip. These modifications resulted in reduction in the pop rate by two orders of magnitude.


Proceedings to avoid contaminants during isolation and storage of standard fungal strains. The fungal strains for scientific purposes are isolated from environments, where interaction of extensive taxonomical groups is a common phenomenon, requiring development of a method that assures elimination of microbial interference and preserves original characteristic of strains. In this study, using Fusarium strains isolated from corn and animal food, the interference of antibiotic resistant bacteria and yeast contamination in the fungal strains storage was evaluated. Although frequent contamination by tetracycline, streptomycine and chloramphenicol resistant microorganisms was detected in both corn and animal food, tetracycline showed the best antibacterial effect. Following 6 months storage at 4°C, 36 cultures of 168 single spored Fusarium strains developed atypical colonies, indicating some contamination. By plating these cultures in BDA medium added with antibiotic, 21 strains were purified, but the technique was unable to reisolate the remaining ones. The purity of these 15 strains was recuperated using dilution/plate technique proposed here, which used combination of dilution process followed by plating in BDA medium surface. The procedure is recommended as the final step for fungal strains recuperation, which allows elimination of fast growing undesirable organisms.


Against popular traditional Christian eschatologies, J. Richard Middleton argues, ''There is not one single reference in the entire biblical canon (Old and New Testaments) to heaven as the eternal destiny of the believer'' (72). Here, in book-length treatment, Middleton expands a 2006 article by the same name to argue for a biblical ''holistic eschatology'' that does not abandon the earth, its creatures, or human culture to annihilation. Written to be accessible for lay and academic audiences, it is a compelling and coherent account of a biblical eschatology concerned for the whole of creation. Split into five parts, Middleton's volume first establishes a basic plot structure of the Bible (creation-fall-redemption) through which he later offers in-depth readings of crucial passages in the Old and New Testaments. Redemption is understood to be the restoration and fulfilment of God's creational intent for humans and the world. Humanity has a special role as God's image-bearers, representing and mediating the divine presence, tasked with spreading its holistic cultural project to develop the earth so all can flourish. The bulk of the rest of the text describes a pattern where God delivers those in need from a problem that prevents their well-being and restores them to wholeness in all their relations. Middleton traces this pattern from the paradigmatic Exodus account, through the wisdom and prophetic texts, and finally to resurrection and cosmic renewal, to argue that the New Testament is continuous with the Old Testament's concern for holistic salvation, where resurrection is connected to the restoration of human rule on the earth, situated within the expectation of cosmic redemption and a new heaven and earth. Chapters 6, 9, and 10 deal with a number of problem texts that suggest cosmic destruction. Middleton's interpretive strategy draws on the larger narrative structure identified in order to suggest these are hyperbolic pronouncements: judgment is for the sake of salvation and restoration, never complete annihilation. A discussion of universal salvation at the end of chapter 9 is perhaps the most undeveloped section of the book, occupying just more than two pages (207–209). Middleton suggests the logic of holistic salvation entails partial transformation (inside and out) of real people in their historic contexts in order for complete transformation to culminate in the eschaton. Middleton leaves open the possibility of God's mercy extending to ''dictators, terrorists, serial killers, child abusers, and rapists'' (208) but cannot imagine any concrete transformation for them or others who do not turn toward righteousness. It seems to this reviewer, however, that the logic of holistic salvation, the restoration of all things, leans more toward universal salvation than Middleton is willing to say, especially if judgment is for the sake of restoration. In part 5 Middleton draws out some broad ethical implications of a holistic eschatology for today, emphasizing God's infusion of new/eternal life in the here-and-now, following the apocalyptic pattern of preparation in heaven, unveiling on earth. Middleton argues the kingdom of God is not equivalent to the church, a nation, or cultural ideals, but refers to God's rule where people are reconciled to each other, to God, and to creation. This reconciliation occurs within different social contexts, and Middleton suggests here is the breaking down of inside-out, Jew-Gentile binaries in the New Testament narrative, but unaddressed is the question of other religions in our context today. All people share in the coming blessings, and the church is called to mediate the blessings of God's rule for Middleton, but what does this mean for the encounter with other religious identities? The most Middleton offers is a call to mutual submission within the hierarchical social positions, and powerful nations in which we find ourselves. Addressing the logic of blessing to the question of other religions would clarify how far binaries are undone.


Exposures to environmental chemicals that mimic endogenous hormones are proposed for a number of adverse health effects, including infertility, abnormal prenatal and childhood development and above all cancers. In addition, recently miRNA (micro RNA) has been recognized to play an important role in various diseases and in cellular and molecular responses to toxicants. In this study, endocrine disrupting environmental toxicant, nonylphenol (NP) was treated to MCF-7 (Human breast cancer cell) and HepG2 (Human hepatocellular liver carcinoma) cell line at 3 hrs and 48 hrs time point and miRNA analysis using mirVana TM miRNA bioarray was performed and compared with total mRNA microarray data for the same cell line and treatment. Robust data quality was achieved through the use of dye-swap. Analysis of microarray data identifies a total of 20 and 11 miRNA expressions at 3 hrs and 48 hrs exposure to NP in MCF-7 cell line and a total of 14 and 47 miRNA expression at 3 hrs and 48 hrs exposure respectively to NP in HepG2 cell line. Expression profiling of the selected miRNA (let-7c, miR-16, miR-195, miR-200b, miR200c, miR-205, and miR-589) reveals changes in the expression of target genes related to metabolism, immune response, apoptosis, and cell differentiation. The present study can be informative and helpful to understand the role of miRNA in molecular mechanism of chemical toxicity and their influence on hormone dependent disease.


A recent study in two large multigenerational families demonstrated a novel mutation in tropomyosin (Tm), Asp230Asn (D230N) that caused DCM with a unique natural history resulting in a striking bimodal disease distribution. Infants and young children with the D230N Tm mutation presented with a severe, often fatal DCM while adults developed a mild to moderate clinical phenotype. Position 230 in tropomyosin is proximal to the C-terminal unwinding of tropomyosin that is essential for the Tm-Tm overlap and for the Tm-cardiac troponin T (cTnT) interaction. We hypothesized that the age-dependent remodeling is a result of temporal isoform switches in the closely linked Tm-binding partner cTnT. To directly address this hypothesis, we used the regulated in vitro motility assay to determine the biophysical effects of the D230N Tm mutation as well as the effects of cTnT isoform changes on the regulatory function of thin filaments. We have found that both wild type and D230N Tm filaments inhibit filament sliding at low calcium indicating that the D230N mutation does not completely disrupt regulation. However in the presence of high calcium the D230N Tm mutation significantly decreases the maximal velocity of filament sliding (3.790 ± 0.1333 microns/sec, n=98) as compared to the wild type filaments (4.900 ± 0.1044, microns/sec n=76). These findings support an altered Tm-cTnT interaction because at maximal calcium concentrations, the myofilament activation at the level of cardiac troponin is not properly transmitted to tropomyosin thus decreasing the activity of myosin-ATPase. In order to extend our biophysical observations and to provide translational insight, we generated a D230N Tm transgenic mouse model. In preliminary studies we demonstrate that at two months the D230N transgenic mice have evidence for early dilatation. In addition, the differences in ventricular remodeling were highly dependent on transgene dose. At six months, we observed dilatation of the ventricle and thinning of the walls compared to non-transgenic siblings. However, the differences were not as marked as those at the two-month time point. Collectively, these findings support an age-dependent DCM phenotype that is modulated by transgene dosage.


Poster: "ECR 2011 / C-1132 / The new TNM staging for renal cell carcinoma: what and why the urologists want to know." by: "Y. Y. Lim, A. Hattab, A. Bradley; Manchester/UK"


The 2 species of royal albatrosses, the southern (Diomedea epomophora) and northern (D. sanfordi ), breed only in New Zealand, but adults and juveniles are common off the western coast of South America. They can be separated on their plumage at sea. This paper examines the variation in plumages of the royal albatrosses seen in southern Chilean shelf waters at 46°30´S, based on a series of photographs taken in Sep 2004. D. sanfordi were identified by the uniformly black dorsal surface to their wings, and by the absence of a white leading edge to the wing in flight. In contrast, most individuals of D. epomophora had a white leading edge to the humeral and radi al section of the wing and generally white flecking on the upper surface of the wing. However, some individuals identified as D. epomophora had no white on the leading edge nor any white on the dorsal surface of the wing. The black carpal patch near the leading edge of the ventral wing surface was variable in occurrence and was not considered diagnostic. D. epomophora out-numbered D. sanfordi by c.9 to 1 in southern Chilean coastal seas in Sep 2004. Most D. sanfordi may have left the area by Sep, moving either to the Patagonian shelf, or to Australasian seas. Nicholls, D.G. 2007. Plumages of northern (Diomedea sanfordi) and southern royal (D. epomophora) albatrosses observed in Chilean seas in September 2004. Notornis 54(3): 158-167.


Abstract Anodic oxidation and sulphate radical oxidation were combined in the study for degradation of refractory organics. The degradation reaction of organic compounds and persulfate generation reaction occur simultaneously in Pt anodic oxidation system with electrolyte of Na2SO4. Both reactions are closely related with electric current density of Pt anode, SO42- concentration and pH values. The persulfate produced in the electrolytic system could further degrade water pollutants. In this study, the degradation mechanism of Congo red in anode and persulfate composite oxidation system was studied. Congo red was degraded into a kind of more stable and photosensitive intermediate material-quinonoids imine. Quinonoids imine can induce photosensitive reaction under visible light to yield singlet oxygen peroxy radical O2·-. O2·- could react with persulphate to generate hydroxyl radicals ·OH and sulfate radicals SO4-·, which could promote the further degradation of organics.


50 Background: Incidence of cerebral metastasis is increasing among breast cancer patients. Many factors have been reported associated with increased risk of brain metastasis. The aim of this retrospective analysis is to investigate the predictive factors for the development of brain metastasis in breast cancer patients.

METHODS
We retrospectively analyzed histologically proven breast cancer patients who presented to Cairo Oncology Center (COC) in the period from 1999 till 2008, with follow up period of 6 months at least for those in adjuvant setting. The following factors were analyzed: age, tumor size and grade, nodal status, ER, PgR and HER2 over-expression status.

RESULTS
Our study included 2,338 patients. 96 patients (4.1%) experienced brain metastasis during the course of their disease. 3 patients had brain metastasis among other sites of distant spread at first presentation to COC. 30 out of 96 patients (31.25%) with localized breast cancer had brain metastasis at first relapse with 13 (13.5%) of them had isolated brain metastasis. In a median follow-up of 37.1 months (6-277) the median time to develop brain metastasis was 26.5 months (0-144). Based on univariate analysis, the following variables were associated with shorter time to develop brain metastasis: tumor size more than 5 cm (HR = 2.1, 95% CI 1.14-3.87), lymph node involvement at diagnosis (HR = 1.57, 95%CI 1.17-2.10), ER negativity (HR = 1.58, 95%CI 1.33-1.73), PgR negativity (HR = 1.55, 95%CI 1.29-1.72) and HER2-neu over-expression (HR = 2.68, 95%CI 1.51-4.75). On multivariate analysis, only patients with lymph node involvement at diagnosis and those with HER2-neu positive breast cancer were associated with shorter time to develop brain metastasis.

CONCLUSIONS
We concluded that HER2 over-expression as well as lymph node involvement are the 2 main factors associated with shorter time to develop brain metastasis. These patients could be good candidates for trials investigating the role of any prophylactic intervention to decrease their risk to develop brain metastases.


Here, we establish a methodology and phenomena for systematically assessing the photoelectrochemical transformation of the BiVO4 to Bi2S3/BiVO4 hybrid heterostructure during in-situ solar hydrogen generation. The photoelectrochemical transformation involves a facile anion exchange process by reacting BiVO4 photoelectrodes with Na2S/Na2SO3 electrolyte. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy analyses confirmed the successful transformation of BiVO4 into the Bi2S3/BiVO4 nanostructure matrix. The photocurrent density of the ABV3 photoelectrode is optimized to be 3.3 mA cm–2 with hydrogen generation activity (∼417 μmol cm–2 h–1) under simulated sunlight at 0.67 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). The impacts of other factors such as crystal structure, enhancing light harvesting, and increasing electron–hole separation on the photoelectrochemical performance and stability of Bi2S3/BiVO4 hybrid photoanodes are highlighted. A model based on the photoelectrochemical transfo...


The present invention discloses a method based on the arrival time of the photon quantum unbiased high-speed random number generator, and connected to a laser diode, laser diode output of optical attenuator, the output of optical attenuator is connected to single-photon detector, single photon the output of the detector and the input of a time measuring system is connected to the external time reference and the periodic time measuring system is connected to another input terminal, an output terminal connected to the processing system after the time measuring system with data, the data processing system after a final output the quantum random number. It can last bit rates to a level greater than 100Mbps.


. Cropping systems are one of the most important living components affecting the surface soil spatial variability. Composite disturbed and undisturbed soils were collected (inter-sections of the grid system, 50 x 50 m) at 0-20 and 20-40 cm depths under maize ( Zea mays ), wheat ( Triticum aestivum ), and alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) cropping systems from the farmer's field, in the Igdir Plain, eastern Turkey. Soil spatial variability was based on clay, silt, and sand, calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) and organic matter, the pH, electrical conductivity, bulk density, aggregate stability and penetration resistance of the soil were determined. The data was analysed using both statistical and geostatistical approaches and suggested that the spatial distribution model and spatial dependence level varied significantly within the farm soils. Exponential, Gaussian, and spherical semivariogram models were found to be the best models to explain the spatial structure of the soil properties. Clay and sand, electrical conductivity, soil organic matter, bulk density, aggregate stability, and penetration resistance were found to be significantly different between the soil depths. The soil property ranges of the variogram were between 58.5 and 305.9 m and showed a moderate to strong spatial dependence. The development of spatial distribution maps for the soil variables analysed provided for a comparison to be made between the various soil properties and raises the possibility of understanding heterogeneity within the farm in the form of a regional representation. It may be concluded that these maps will assist in determining site-specific soil use and identifying the impact of soil management.