The process of the Japanese industry internationalization began in the 1950s, after the further adjustment in the 1970s, in the middle and late 1980s, greeted the new high tide of business international operation and Japanese economy unprecedentedly flourished. Since 1990s, the Japanese economy has been influenced by the foam economy and economic crisis and its investment in foreign countries has been taking on a decreasing trend. But some bigger enterprises has further entered the operating times of global strategy, which marked that the internationalization process of Japanese enterprises has come to a new and higher level.


Simbol's immediate focus is the proposed Imperial Valley plant in southern California. Once Simbol begins processing operations, it will slash the time and cost needed to extract lithium from brine, according to Simbol's CEO, Luka Erceg.

Simbol's process technology involves taking cooled lithium brine together with steam, carbon dioxide and water, and applying patented technology to extract dissolved solids; recover, separate and refine lithium (and manganese and zinc) compounds; and return the spent brine to an energy generator for reinjection.

"What the market fails to recognise is that lithium is not a smile and dial product. You don't wake up one day, place a phone call and say:'I've got 10,0000 tonnes of lithium carbonate to sell, would you like to buy it?' It's a complex material transaction."


Timothy H Edgar notes in Beyond Snowden: Privacy, Mass Surveillance, and the Struggle to Reform the NSA that at its height, the Stasi, the former East German state security service, collected intel...


A new method is proposed for processing the signal distorted by random noise. The processing model is based on a statistical regularization method, and the obtained system of linear equations and inequalities is solved using a multistep support vector method. An advantage of this approach is that the iterative nature of the algorithm makes it possible to take into account the a priori information on the solution represented by the inequalities. The results of numerical experiments showing the efficiency of the algorithm are given.


Evaluation of Age Structure by MSABI : Comparison with Median Age and Mean Age Many kinds of measures are used to synthetise an âge structure. A common reproach adressed to measures of centrality, like median âge and mean âge, is their limited sensibility, focused on global structure rather than on each class of the population distribution. To compensate this fault, accurate indexes were developped by Clark, Coulson, and Birdsall. The MSABI, created for demography and socio-economic variables, is described as more flexible and free of fitting-curve requirements. This paper explains characteristics of MSABI when used in varying contexts, from younger to elderly and from regular to uneven populations.


We report the formation of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on gold substrates by exposure to n-alkanethiols [CH3(CH2)n-1SH; n = 8, 10, 12, 16, and 18] in liquid and supercritical carbon dioxide. The results of this novel study show that an environmentally friendly solvent can be used to form highly crystalline SAMs with few gauche defects and that pressure as well as exposure time can be used to affect the structural and barrier properties of the monolayer film. Reflectance infrared spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and wetting measurements were used to characterize the SAMs. The effects of pressure (76−300 bar) and adsorption time (3−90 min) on the formation of the SAMs were explored. The overall chain density of these SAMs was greater than that for SAMs formed in common organic solvents such as ethanol. The properties of the SAMs were slightly affected by the pressure during formation. At 35 °C, as the carbon dioxide pressure increased (from 76 to about 140 bar), the packing density...


The research on the composite with reinforcements of Eichhornia crassipes fiber and sawdust aimed to knowing the tensile strength, bending, sound absorption, and describing the macro image of the results from the tensile testing and the bending testing of the volume fraction 40%, 50%, 60%.
The early process was taking the Eichhornia crassipes stems then continued with drying them under the sun for about 10 days untill really dry, after that planed them using a wire brush till the fiber was separated from the leather of Eichhornia crassipes. The making of specimen used the method of Hand Lay-up, with a comparison of 40% Eichhornia crassipes fiber and 60% Albizia Chinensis sawdust using polyester resin of 157 BQTN Series. The processes of testing were the tensile testing which used ASTM D638-02 Standard, the bending test which used ASTM D790-02 Standard, and the sound absorption which used ANSI S1-13 Standard test with the volume fraction 40%, 50%, 60%.
The result of the tensile testing of composite with the volume fraction 40%, 50%, 60% revealed that the average maximum tensile strength in the composite of the volume fraction 60% is as much as 15,883 N/mm2 and the smallest average tensile strength in the volume fraction 40% is as much as 9,736 N/mm2. In the bending test of the composite of the volume fraction 40%, 50%, 60%, the average maximum bending strength in the composite of the volume fraction 60% is as much as 31,438 Mpa and the smallest average bending strength in the volume fraction 40% is as much as 22,774 Mpa, and the results of the sound absorption test on the composite of Eichhornia crassipes fiber revealed that the highest absorption power in the volume fraction 60% is as much as 10,03 dB, and lowest absorption power was in the volume fraction 50%. In the macro image of the tensile testing and the bending test, the fracture structure of composite specimen was billow and irregular. In the volume fraction 40%, 50%, 60%, a process of enlargement of void and pull-out fiber dominated much.


We consider a periodic nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation with white noise dispersion and a power nonlinearity given by \begin{equation*} idu = \Delta u \circ dW_t + |u|^{p-1}u\;dt \end{equation*} By proving stochastic Strichartz estimates, we are able to prove almost sure global wellposedness of this equation with $L^2$ initial data for nonlinearities with exponent $1<p \leq 3$. By generalizing the Fourier restriction spaces $X^{s,b}$ to the stochastic setting, we also prove that our solutions agree with the ones constructed by Chouk and Gubinelli using rough path techniques. We also consider the quintic equation ($p=5$), and show that it is analytically illposed in $L^1_\omega C_t L^2_x$.


Right internal iliac artery was then catheterized. Angiography and CBCT showed a less anastomotic right middle rectal artery involvement in hemorrhoid vascularization but confirmed the origin of the bleeding with contrast within the rectum. Hence, only one microcoil was used and some gelfoam pledget. Result(s): Angiographies and CBCT confirmed the origin of the bleeding and showed satisfying final result with complete exclusion of internal hemorrhoids. Stabilization of vital signs was perceived during the procedure. A three weeks clinical and endoscopic follow-up showed no recurrence of the bleeding. Conclusion(s): Emborrhoid technique can be used in urgent treatment of massive hemorrhoid bleeding even when the access to the inferior mesenteric artery is not possible by embolizing middle rectal artery as it is the main blood supply of hemorrhoid in this case. CBCT helps identifying the main feeder arteries and guides the embolization.


Since decades cancer therapy has made slow but continuous strides in fighting primary tumors, but progress in the suppression of metastasis remains elusive. The spread of cancer to distant locations in the body is the major cause of cancer morbidity and mortality, and accounts for about 90% of cancer deaths. Although cancer survival rate has been significantly improved over the years, the improvement is primarily due to early diagnosis and cancer growth inhibition (Guan X, 2015) [1].


The interactions of Phenylalanine and Aspartame (N-L-α-Aspartyl-L-phenylalaninel-methyl ester, APM) with α- and β-cyclodextrins (CD) in aqueous solutions were investigated by 1H and 15N NMR techniques. The changes in chemical shift of CD protons on going from free CD to the mixture with phenylalanine and APM indicate that the phenyl ring is included in the cavity of CD in the complex states. The changes in the chemical shift of the β-protons of phenylalanine and APM following the binding to α- and β-CD indicate that the simple association constants (Ka) are not applicable to these systems except for the case of APM/β-CD (Ka=90), and that the large changes of the rotamer fractional population of APM side-chain occur for APM/β-CD system. The analysis with Asp–Phe(15N)–OMe suggests that the torsional angles of the main chain of APM are unchanged on the formation of the inclusion complex. The low-field shifts of amide proton and its nitrogen resonances of Asp–Phe(15N)–OMe in the complex formation suggest that...


Background: Helicobacter pylori iceA gene has been reported to be a genetic marker for the development of peptic ulcer in western populations. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of iceA genotypes and their relationship with peptic ulcer in Iran. Materials and Methods: This observational study was carried out on 75 patients. Biopsy specimens were evaluated for the presence of Helicobacter pylori through rapid urease test. GlmM gene and iceA1 and iceA2 genotypes allelic verification and variation culture were determined via PCR. Results: In this study, iceA1 and iceA2 alleles were identified in peptic ulcer disease (PUD) patients. IceA1 genotype (64%) was more prevalent than iceA2 (21.3%). IceA1 strains were more observable in patients with PUD. No significant relationships were seen between iceA genotypes and the clinical outcomes following infection (p= 0.71). Conclusion: This study revealed a significant two-tailed correlation between iceA genotypes and PUD occurrence. The results indicate that iceA1 gene can be used as a reliable marker in predicting the clinical outcomes of Helicobacter pylori infection. Therefore, further in-vitro and invivo investigations are needed for reaching general consensus in this regard.


In this paper, the electrochemical behavior of some elements, such as 210Po, Bi, Ag, Sb, Cu in HNO3-Bi-210Po and HCl-Bi-210Po systems with rather high bismuth content was investigated. The critical depositing potentials of these elements were determined under practical conditions and a chemical process for the separation and purification of 210Po from reactor irradiated bismuth oxide by controling cathode potential was described.The γ energy spectrum of 210Po obtained by this method was examined by multichannel analyzer with Ge (Li) detector and no γ impurity was found. The chemical purity of 210Po was also found to be very high. By the electrolysis in HNO3-Bi-210Po and HCI-Bi-210Po systems, up to 45 Ci/cm2 and 16.2 Ci/cm2 of 210Po deposited on Au (or Pt) foil have been obtained respectively. The thin layer of 210Po deposition is uniform and adheres strongly to the foil. Our results showed that, by the electrolysis in HNO3-Bi-210Po system, the quality of deposit of 210Po on Au (or Pt) foil was better than that in HCl-Bi-210Po system.The advantage of this chemical process developed is that 210Po can be separated from the irradiated Bi2O3 target, purified and made into a variety of 210Po sources with different intensity simultaneously.


Two broadband, InP photonic crystal optical filters with reduced back-reflections are demonstrated: one 10µm-long low-pass with 20dB stop-band extinction; one 30µm-long, 40-nm bandwidth notch with 20dB extinction. Both could find applications as band-rejection filters in monolithic InP photonic integrated circuits.


This paper summarizes some historical and philosophical perspectives of professional certification and particularly the Professional Certificate in Data Processing (CDP). Methods whereby the computer practitioner may become prepared to sit for the CDP examinations are discussed.


The external ear is an often overlooked structure that serves several important functions in humans and in other species. Western Medicine conceives of the external ear in terms of its function, embryology, innervation and clinical syndromes with auricular manifestations. Non‐western traditions, however, perceive the external ear in a way that challenges the paradigm accepted in Western Medicine. The purpose of this study was to assess the different approaches to auricular morphology and function, and to see whether or not there is something to be gained, in terms of Western Medicine's understanding of anatomy and function, by looking at non‐Western traditions. A review of Western and Chinese literature was conducted. Results show that a general understanding of the external ear in Chinese Medicine is based upon a "somatotopic map" (i.e., different regions of the auricle are believed to correspond to different areas of the body). This map provides the basis by which general medical conditions can be both diagnosed and treated using the modality known as "auriculotherapy" which includes, but is not limited to, auricular acupuncture. While this model appears to be outside of accepted Western Medical dogma, auriculotherapy is in fact closely related to such familiar entities as referred otalgia, as well as well‐documented, neurally‐mediated reflexes involving the external ear.


X. Fang proved that the backward shift Samuel multiplicity of a semi-Fredholm operator equals the dimension of the kernel of , when the absolute value of is small enough whose proof depended heavily on algebraic techniques. In this note, we prove the corresponding conclusion quite directly by analysis method.


This paper discusses the use and integration of formal techniques, in particular Z, into the Open Distributed Processing (ODP) standardization initiative. One of the cornerstones of the ODP framework is a model of multiple viewpoints. During the development process it is important to maintain the consistency of diierent viewpoints of the same ODP speciication. In addition, there must be some way to combine speciications from diierent viewpoints into a single implementation speciication. The process of combining two speciications is known as uniication. Uniication can be used as a method by which to check consistency. This paper describes a mechanism to unify two Z speciications, and hence provide a consistency checking strategy for viewpoints written in Z.


Performance and scalability are a major concern for blockchain systems to become viable for mainstream applications. While many permissionless systems are limited by slow the consensus algorithms, Hyperledger Fabric has unique throughput optimization potential due to its permissioned nature. It has been shown to handle tens of thousands of transactions per second. However, these numbers show only the nominal throughput for uncontested transaction workloads. If incoming transactions compete for a small set of hot keys in the world state, the effective throughput drops drastically. We propose a novel two-pronged transaction execution approach that minimizes invalid transactions in the Fabric blockchain while maximizing concurrent execution.


Objective: To compare the blood vessels distribution in "iliac blood vessel triangular area" and "lateral safe region" of the lumbosacral vertebrae and the range of "effective working area" after operation, so as to provide anatomic data for lumbosacral anterior operation. Methods: The range of "iliac blood vessel triangular area" in common condition and "iliac blood vessel triangular effective working area" after laterally dragging iliac blood vessels, the range of "lateral safe region" in common condition and after safely dragging lumbosacral vertebrae anterior blood vessels and the "lateral effective working area" after ligating lumbar segmental vessels were observed and compared in 30 human cadavers. Results: The area of "iliac blood vessel triangular area" in common condition was (785.85±333.91)mm^2; the area of "iliac blood vessel triangular effective working area" after laterally dragging iliac blood vessels was (938.97±351.39)mm^2; at L5-S1 level, the left range of "lateral safe region" in common condition was (148.44±64.40)mm^2 and the right range was (142.45±46.66)mm^2; after safely dragging lumbosacral vertebrae anterior blood vessels, the left range of it was (178.76±72.97)mm^2, and the right range was (178.59±60.54)mm^2; after ligating lumbar segmental vessels, the left range of "lateral effective working area" was (314.80±82.47)mm^2 and the right range was (322.12±73.68)mm^2. Conclusions: It is proper to select "iliac blood vessel triangular effective working area" approach when carrying out anterior operation of L5-S1. This area can satisfy the space requirement of single rod-screw or single screw-plate during internal fixation.


The invention provides aquatic microecological complete formula feed, which is composed of: a bacillus subtilis preparation, a lactobacillus acidophilus preparation, saccharicterpenin, choline chloride, composite trace elements, composite vitamins, meat powder, fish powder, yeast powder, wheat-middlings, rapeseed meal, cottonseed meal, soybean meal and corn germ meal. The raw materials are prepared into aquatic pellet feed by a conventional method. Without antibiotics, the feed of the invention can substantially improve aquatic product output, shorten culture period, lower bait coefficient, and reduce fish pond drug consumption. Fish applied with the feed of the invention has a good shape and transport resistance. Thus, the feed provided in the invention can bring great benefits to fishermen.


Michael James Farrell (1926-1975) was pure Oxbridge, educated at Oxford and employed at Cambridge. During his brief but distinguished academic career he made significant contributions to economic theory, including welfare economics, consumer demand analysis, the profitability of speculation, and price formation in public utilities and other imperfectly competitive markets. His interest in business pricing strategy led him to his most lasting achievement, the development in 1957 of a rigorous analysis of the efficiency of business performance. He showed how to measure and compare the technical efficiency of businesses (the avoidance of wasted resources) and their allocative efficiency (the avoidance of resource misallocation in light of their relative prices). He then combined the two to obtain a measure of business cost efficiency. His influence grew slowly at first, and then expanded rapidly beginning in the 1970s when his work was extended by economists (who used statistical regression techniques) and management scientists (who refined his mathematical programming techniques). Nearly half a century after his initial investigation, his ideas have gained widespread acceptance. They are used to examine the linkage between the efficiency and profitability of business, and as an early warning business failure predictor. They are used in benchmarking and budget allocation exercises by businesses and government agencies, and to monitor the effectiveness of public service provision, particularly (and controversially) in the UK. They are also used to implement incentive regulation of public utilities in a growing number of countries. At an aggregate level they are used to explore the sources of productivity growth, and they have been adopted by the World Health Organization to monitor the health care delivery performance of its member countries. Farrell's insights have spread far beyond their academic origins.


Janet Burton, Julie Kerr, The Cistercians in the Middle Ages, Woodbridge (The Boydell Press) 2011, VIII–244 p., ISBN 978-1-84383-667-4, GBP 25,00.


A facile and general method for the preparation of diaryltellurium dicarboxylates is described. The method involves simply the stirring of phenyliodine(III) dicarboxylates with diaryltellurides in chloroform at room temperature.


The International Commission on Radiological Protection has recently approved a new model of the human respiratory tract. This model has been designed to represent realistically the deposition and biokinetic behaviour of inhaled radionuclides, and to calculate doses to the respiratory tract. In order to examine the practical application and radiological implications of the new model, a Personal Computer program has been developed. LUDEP 1.0 (LUung Dose Evaluation Program) is a user-friendly program for the IBM-compatible PC which enables the user to calculate doses to the respiratory tract and to other organs


Postcolonial theory is gradually entering the research arsenal of international relations, although it is not yet widely represented in modern international political science. The importance of mastering the tools and techniques of this paradigm or a set of relatively close paradigms is associated both with the gradual rejection of the Eurocentric vision of global and regional political history, as well as the identification of spatial and temporal features of theorizing on international issues. In this regard, it is necessary to identify the internal potential of postcolonial theory and those ontological, epistemological and methodological foundations of this theory, which will allow more concrete application of its concepts, interpretations and causalities to international realities. That is why the article attempts to single out the basic types of the postcolonial theory of international relations while revealing their key methodological principles and assessing the originality of the object and purpose of the study. On the basis of the interpretivist principles of the analysis of theories, the author reconstructs the key ontological and epistemological foundations and features of the interpretation of causal relationships in postcolonial way of thinking. The article highlights two main types of postcolonial theory - Postcolonialism of difference and Postcolonialism of interdependence. Despite the similarity in the basic desire to liberate scientific discourse from the techniques and concepts of Eurocentric science, these types of postcolonial thinking differ in the degree of willingness to break ties with the colonial past, in the requirements for the final result of the study, and also in the appreciation of space and social time in theorizing per se. Based on the identified types of postcolonial theory, the author proposes the trajectories of interaction of the theory with other schools of research in international relations, and also identifies geographically limits of these types. Thus, the article demonstrates porousness, analytical potential and adaptiveness of the discussed approaches that makes them more useful for the current IR studies.


This paper acquires the information of land transfer modes based on specialized farmer cooperatives in poor areas of Guizhou, Sichuan, Gansu provinces by questionnaire survey, key person interviews and statistical analysis. This paper draws a conclusion that there are five land transfer modes between famers and specialized famer cooperatives which are subcontract, transfer, lease, shares and shares-lease. Besides, this paper also analyses the operation mechanisms and pros and cons of each mode, and on this basis,suggestions on land transfer modes selection among different types of farmers is proposed.


In year 1974, Monsanto introduced the glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine] product RoundUp and in the 1990s also glyphosate resistant crops. Since then, and increasingly after the expiry of the patent, glyphosate has become the most commonly used herbicide worldwide. The estimation of the worldwide use of glyphosate as an active ingredient amounts to more than 800,000 tons/year (estimation from 2014). A herbicide of such wide spread use, commercial in agriculture and for personal use in gardens, has been found in many different environmental compartments (e.g. surface waters and food) and with negative impact on non-target organisms (e.g. glyphosate resistance in weeds, or bactericidal effects). Glyphosate persistence and degradation of the compound differ between strongly between soils. In this study, we focus on elucidating the factors contributing to the persistence and degradation of glyphosate in two contrasting soils. Different chemical additives (N, P, DOM), as well as pH change and microbial transfer alongside glyphosate application were investigated in a 14C-glyphosate multi-labeling approach, upon their effect on the glyphosate degradation. The study shows that pH initially has a strong positive impact the mineralization in both soils and the DOM addition only increased the mineralization slightly. On the other hand, phosphate addition shows contrasting results in both soils, and nitrate addition lowered the mineralization significantly. Microbial transfer did not have any significant effect on the mineralization. Furthermore, we identify the impact of adsorption of glyphosate in soil as one of the major factors reducing glyphosate degradation.


Herein, an integrative Z‐scheme heterojunction of ultrafine Ag‐ (≈ 4 nm) modulated FePc/porous Ti(HPO4)2 nanosheet (FePc/Ag/TiP NS) with extended spectrum response is designed and fabricated for efficient CO oxidation. The optimal one exhibits approximately tenfold enhancement in photocatalytic activity compared with the bulky TiP counterpart, even outperforming commercial TiO2 (P25). The greatly improved photoactivity is mainly ascribed to the accelerated Z‐scheme charge transfer, and well‐defined isolated central metal ion (Fe2+) in FePc with excellent oxygen activation capacity, along with the extended visible light response. The strengthened charge transfer depends on the interfacial modulation of the ultrafine Ag intentionally embedded in the pores of TiP NS, which enables the electrons of TiP NS migration directionally and induces high‐dispersion FePc controllable assembly on TiP NS with the increased loading amount. Moreover, it is revealed that CO is previously adsorbed on TiP NS via forming –OH–OC intermediate with the surface hydroxyl and subsequently react with the activated O2 by the Fe–N4 sites in FePc to produce CO2 mainly based on in situ diffuse reflectance infrared spectra and near ambient pressure XPS spectra. A new design concept for constructing Ti(HPO4)2‐based Z‐scheme heterojunctions is provided, and the avenues for efficient CO oxidation are paved.


Demands for low energy microcontrollers have been increasing in recent years. Since most microcontrollers achieve user-programmability by integrating non-volatile (NV) memories, such as flash memories for storing their programs, the large power consumption required in accessing an NV memory has become a major problem. This problem becomes even critical when lowering the power-supply voltage of NV microcontrollers to achieve power and energy reduction. In this paper, we try to solve this problem by introducing an instruction cache and thus reducing NV memory access frequency. Unlike general-purpose microprocessors, it is important for microcontrollers used for real time applications in embedded systems that the program execution time can be calculated accurately prior to its execution. Therefore, we introduce a "transparent" instruction cache, which does not change the existing NV microcontroller's cycle-level execution time, for reducing power and energy consumption, but not for improving the processing speed. We have conducted detailed microarchitecture design based on a major industrial microcontroller architecture, and studied, as a preliminary evaluaion, hit rates of several instruction cache configurations. Keywords–embedded system; micro-controller; instruction cache; non-volatile; low power design.


Objective To study the role of Toll-like receptor 7(TLR7) in pathogenesis of lupus nephritis.Methods The expression levels of TLR7mRNA in 30 SLE patients and 15 healthy controls were measured with semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Resluts There was no significant difference in peripheral blood level of TLR7mRNA between SLE remission group and control group(P0.05),and the peripheral blood level of TLR7mRNA in patients with active SLE group was significantly higher than that of patients in control group(P0.01).There was significant positive correlation between peripheral blood level of TLR7mRNA and SLEDAI scores in patients of SLE group,and the difference between SLE group and normal control group was statistically significant(r=0.92,P0.01).Conclusion The high expression of TLR7mRNA in peripheral blood is considered to be associated with the activity of SLE,thus it suggests that TLR7 may be involved in the process of pathogenesis of SLE.


In Cryptography, key distribution plays a vital role. The unique advantage of Quantum key distribution is that the users can identify the presence of an eavesdropper. During key sharing, error may occur due to eavesdropping. This results in the loss of security. To detect such errors many algorithms were proposed and used. Since key distribution is the major part of the encryption, it has to be shared without errors. Even though, the key is shared securely; if eavesdropping occurs, then alteration of the key happens which results in an error. To avoid this error, after key distribution using BB84 protocol, Hamming Code method is applied to detect and correct error in this paper. The result from the proposed HAmming Code with Modified ELgaMAl (HACMELMA) produces the shared secret key, which is used as a private key for modified Elgamal encryption. The proposed HAmming Code with Modified ELgaMAl (HACMELMA) detects and corrects an error which increases the security level. The method which is proposed is compared with existing Elgamal encryption and Modified RSA (MRSA).


The invention provided with a thin film transistor and manufacture method thereof. The thin film transistor includes: a substrate, a grid located in the surface of the substrate, an insulation layer covering the substrate and the grid, a source, a drain and a metal-oxide semiconductor layer; the source and the drain are positioned on the upper surface of the insulation layer and in the first axis direction, the source and the drain are partially overlapped with the grid, an extended distance of the source and the drain along a second axis extend is a first width, wherein the first axis direction is perpendicular to the second axis direction; the metal-oxide semiconductor layer is positioned on the upper surface of the source and the drain, the thickness of the metal-oxide semiconductor layer is not more than 20 nanometers, an extended distance of the metal-oxide semiconductor layer along the second axis direction is a second width,and the second width is greater than the first width; the metal-oxide semiconductor layer completely covers the source and the drain. According to the invention, the stability and the reliability of the thin film transistor can be improved.


Yeast surface display is a eucaryotic system for the directed evolution of protein binding and stability. For antibody affinity maturation, achievable single‐pass enrichment factors are a critical variable. Both reliable recovery of rare clones (yield) and effective differentiation between clones of only slightly improved affinity (purity) are paramount. To validate yeast display's purification potential, trial sorting experiments were performed. The D1.3 (anti‐hen egg lysozyme) single chain variable fragment antibody and a 2‐fold higher affinity mutant (M3) were each displayed on the surface of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. M3‐displaying cells were mixed into the D1.3‐displaying cells at a ratio of 1:1000. Cells were fluorescently labeled according to antigen equilibrium binding and then sorted using a flow cytometer. Single‐pass enrichment of M3‐displaying cells was 125‐fold (± 65‐fold). This level of performance is achievable because of the precision and reproducibility of optimal labeling conditions. This work further demonstrates the capability of yeast display for very fine discrimination between mutant clones of similar affinity. Because large improvements in affinity typically result from combinations of small changes, this capability to identify subtle improvements is essential for rapid affinity maturation.


Pile driving in water produces extremely high sound pressure levels in the surrounding underwater environment of order 10 kPa at ranges of order 10 m from the pile that can result in deleterious effects on both fish and marine mammals. In Reinhall and Dahl [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 130, 1209-1216, Sep. 2011] it is shown that the dominant underwater noise from impact driving is from the Mach wave associated with the radial expansion of the pile that propagates down the pile at speeds in excess of Mach 3 with respect to the underwater sound speed. In this talk we focus on observations of the Mach wave effect made with a 5.6 m-length vertical line array, at ranges 8-15 m in waters of depth ~12.5 m. The key observation is the dominant vertical arrival angle associated with the Mach wave, ~17 deg., but other observations include: its frequency dependence, the ratio of purely waterborne energy compared with that which emerges from the sediment, and results of a mode filtering operation which also points to the same ...


Face representation based on Gabor features has attracted much attention and achieved great success in face recognition for some favorable attributes of Gabor wavelets such as spatial locality and orientation selectivity.A large number of Gabor features are produced with varying parameters in the position,scale and orientation of filters.In some existing methods,useful discriminatory information may be lost due to down-sampling Gabor features directly.To reduce the loss,a block statistics based Gabor feature representation method is proposed.The effectiveness of this method is demonstrated by template matching test on ORL face database,and the comparative test results show that this method can yield better recognition accuracy with much fewer Gabor features as well as less CPU time of feature matching than the existing approach of down-sampling based Gabor feature representation.In addition,Generalized Discriminant Analysis (GDA) which performs dimensionality reduction to Gabor features is used to produce more compact and discriminatory face representation.The experimental results of face recognition using different similarity measures show that the proposed method outperforms the famous Eigenfaces and Fisherfaces methods significantly,and the rationality of this combination is also comparatively demonstrated.


The reactivity of reactive dye Doractive WN3BR with the amidogen of chitosan was utilized for determination of chitosan content on cotton fabric.Chitosan finished cotton fabric was dyed,its color yield(K/S value) was measured,and the K/S value was found to have a good linear relationship (R=0.997 3) with the content of chitosan which has been finished on the pure cotton fabric in the range of 0~15 mg/g(cotton fabric).Through measuring the content of nitrogen,the good linear relationship between the chitosan content and the K/S value of the cotton fabric finished with chitosan was proved and the standard working graph was set up.On this basis,a measurement of content of chitosan finished on pure cotton fabric was established by measuring the color yield of dyed cotton.This measurement is simple,fast and less deflective.


Positive tone chemically amplified resists CAP209, EP012M (TOK), KRS-XE (JSR) and FEP171 (Fuji) were evaluated for mask making. The investigations were performed on an advanced tool set comprising of a Steag coater ASR5000, Steag developer ASP5000, 50kV e-beam writer Leica SB350, UNAXIS MASK ETCHER III , STS ICP silicon etcher and a CD-SEM KLA8100. We investigated and compared resolution, sensitivity, resist slope, dark field loss, CD-uniformity, line edge roughness, and etch resistance of the evaluated resists. Furthermore, the influence of post coating delay, post exposure delay and other process parameters on the resist performance was determined.


We present notes on the Marcus-de Oliveira conjecture. The conjecture concerns the region in the complex plane covered by the determinants of the sums of two normal matrices with prescribed eigenvalues. Call this region ∆. This paper focuses on boundary matrices of ∆. We prove 2 theorems regarding these boundary matrices.


The increase in the number of vehicles causes deterioration of air quality and decline of population health and well-being. The urban grid of buildings influences air flow, hampering the dispersion of vehicular emissions. The present study aims to assess the influence of land use parameters defined by local legislation, at the Structural Axes in Curitiba (PR), which are characterized by strong stimulus both to high urban density and vehicular traffic. Variations in building setback front line and height were considered, specifically on Avenida Sete de Setembro, in order to investigate their influence on pollutant concentration. The conclusion includes suggestions for modifications in the current city by-laws of land use, recommending that building height be reduced on the side opposite to prevailing winds, and increasing, in yet not consolidated stretches, the frontal setback of mezzanines.


To avoid self excitation and over voltage of generator during black start is one of the key factors for a successful start up.Based on the research of self excitation principle and judging method,a simple self excitation judging criterion has been adapted to analysis and calculates if the self excitation occurred in Liangjiang Power Station air 220kV Jiangdun line.A black start up simulation model has been established and the transient progress of black start up simulation has been carried out by Mat lab.The dynamic progress of black start up has been simulated in detail.


Common cepalanoplos and field snow thistle are vicious weeds of rape field in Qinghai.A weed control and demonstration experiment was conducted with Clopyralid SGX(75%).Galtak SC(50%) was used as a reference herbicide and water as check.The concentration of SGX and Galtak was 225 g/hm2 and 600 mL/hm2,respectively.The control efficiency of SGX for Common cepalanoplos and field snow thistle was 86.04% and 82.44%,and 30 percent points higher than that Galtak CS.The rape yield increased 14.19%.


This paper deals with the metrical behavior of a class of verbs in Old English whose descendants became the syntactically distinct auxiliaries of the modern period (have, be, may, will, shall, and associated forms). Contrasting two poems from the Old English period (Beowulf and The Battle of Maldon), I show that while the verbs in question show consistently stressed metrical placement in Beowulf, in Maldon they show a pronounced tendency to be placed in unstressed metrical positions, while verbs outside the eventual class of auxiliaries differ indiscriminately. In this way, the poetry suggests a phonological difference between pre-auxiliaries and other verbs perhaps centuries before corresponding morphological and syntactic differences fully emerged in the Middle and early Modern English periods.


In an area of semidecidual forest called "Mata da Veterinaria", located at the Campus Samambaia of the Universidade Federal de Goias, 42 morphotypes of insect galls were collected in 22 species and 20 families of host plants. The botanical families with higher gall richness were Styracaceae (7), Burseraceae (7), Fabaceae (5) and Siparunaceae (4). The leaf-galls were the most common, the majori- ty occurred in isolation and, regarding the morphology, globoid and glabrous galls were more frequent. There was a greater emergence of Hymenoptera than Diptera (Cecidomyiidae). Studies in other forest fragments in the region as well as in the forest canopy should be implemented.


1 Plenary Lectures.- 1.1 Structure and Function of the Renal Medulla.- 1.2 The Elucidation of Renal Transport Processes: A Multidisciplinary Approach.- 1.3 Immunopathogenesis of Glomerular Diseases.- 1.4 Bacterial Virulence and Host Defence in Acute and Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection.- 1.5 Philosophy and Ethics of Multicenter International Controlled Clinical Trials in Children.- 1.6 Paediatric Nephrology - Past Achievements and Future Goals.- 1.7 The Continued Care of Paediatric Patients into Adult Life.- 2 Symposia Presentations.- 2.1 Physiology of Kidney Development.- 2.1.1 The Role of the Kidney in Phosphate Homeostasis During Growth.- 2.1.2 Effects of Hypoxemia on Renal Function During Maturation.- 2.1.3 Functional Adaptation to Reduced Renal Mass in Early Postnatal Development.- 2.2 Clinical Aspects of the Developing Kidney.- 2.2.1 Clinical Implications of a Low Glomerular Filtration Rate.- 2.2.2 Acute Renal Failure in Neonates.- 2.2.3 Sodium Homeostasis by the Newborn Kidney.- 2.2.4 The Newborn Kidney and Acid-Base Homeostasis.- 2.3 Nutrition in Paediatric Renal Disease.- 2.3.1 Diet in Renal Diseases: Old Practice, New Concepts.- 2.3.2 Nutrition in Children with Chronic Renal Insufficiency Who Are Not Receiving Chronic Dialysis Therapy.- 2.3.3 Nutritional Assessment of Hemodialyzed Children Using Urea Kinetics.- 2.3.4 Nutritional Considerations After the Institution of Dialysis.- 2.4 New Techniques in Paediatric Dialysis Treatment.- 2.4.1 Vascular Stability During Haemodialysis.- 2.4.2 New Methods of Vascular Access for Acute and Chronic Renal Failure.- 2.4.3 Haemofiltration in Children.- 2.4.4 Urea Kinetics and the Prescription of Dialysis Therapy.- 2.4.5 Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis in Children.- 2.5 Acute Renal Failure.- 2.5.1 Pathophysiology and Treatment Intervention in Acute Renal Failure.- 2.5.2 Acute Renal Failure: The Main Causes and Incidence in a Developing Country.- 2.5.3 The Nephrotoxicity of Antimicrobial Agents.- 2.5.4 Reducing the Likelihood of Acute Renal Failure After Renal Transplantation.- 2.6 Kidney Transplantation.- 2.6.1 Kidney Transplantation in Children: Results and Late Sequelae.- 2.6.2 Intraoperative and Immediate Postoperative Care in the Management of the Paediatric Transplant Recipient.- 2.6.3 Alternate-Day Steroids in Children After Renal Transplantation.- 2.6.4 Cyclosporin Treatment in Paediatric Kidney Transplantation.- 2.7 Cystinosis.- 2.7.1 Clinical and Biochemical Aspects of Cystinosis.- 2.7.2 Recent Biochemical Studies on the Role of Lysosomes in Cystine Metabolism.- 2.7.3 New Approaches in the Medical Treatment of Cystinosis.- 2.7.4 Kidney Transplantation in Nephropathic Cystinosis.- 2.8 Psychosocial Aspects in Children with Chronic Renal Disease.- 2.8.1 Current Issues in Comprehensive Care for Children with Chronic Illnesses.- 2.8.2 Neuropsychological Functioning in Adolescents on Chronic Hemodialysis.- 2.8.3 Psychosocial Problems in Patients with Infantile Nephropathic Cystinosis.- 2.8.4 The Psychological Impact of Uraemia on Socially Handicapped Children.- 2.8.5 The Psychosocial Consequences of Renal Disease and Its Treatment in Children and Adolescents: A Follow-Up Study.- 2.9 Immunologically Mediated Tubulointerstitial Nephritis.- 2.9.1 Human Anti-Tubular Basement Membrane Antibody Disease.- 2.9.2 Tubulointerstitial Immune Complex Nephritis.- 2.9.3 Autoimmunity to Tamm-Horsfall Protein in Tubulointerstitial Nephritis.- 2.9.4 Interstitial Renal Inflammation with Uveitis in Children.- 2.10 Glomerulopathies in Systemic Diseases.- 2.10.1 Shunt Nephritis.- 2.10.2 Henoch-Schonlein Nephritis: Prognostic Factors.- 2.10.3 The Nephritis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Childhood and Adolescence.- 2.10.4 Stages in Diabetic Nephropathy.- 2.11 Glomerular Diseases in Special Populations.- 2.11.1 Hepatitis B Antigenaemia-Associated Nephropathy: Clinical Evolution and Seroconversion. A Report of the Asian Study of Renal Diseases in Children.- 2.11.2 Glomerular Involvement in Familial Mediterranean Fever.- 2.11.3 Parasitic Glomerulonephritis.- 2.12 Immunology and Coagulation in Nephrotic Syndrome.- 2.12.1 Introduction.- 2.12.2 T-Cell Functions in Nephrotic Syndrome.- 2.12.3 Vascular Permeability Factor and Other Lymphokines in Nephrotic Syndrome.- 2.12.4 The Role of Charge Sites in Vascular Permeability.- 2.12.5 The Coagulopathy of Nephrotic Syndrome.- 2.13 Haemolytic Uraemic Syndromes.- 2.13.1 The Haemolytic Uraemic Syndromes: The Dawn of a New Era.- 2.13.2 Studies on Coagulation and Complement in Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrom.- 2.13.3 Antithrombotic Therapy in Childhood Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome: A Randomised Prospective Study.- 2.13.4 Prostacyclin Deficiency in Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome.- 2.13.5 Endotheliotropic (Haemolytic) Nephropathy - Pathohistological and Clinical Variants and the Unifying Concept.- 2.14 Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection.- 2.14.1 Natural History of Symptomatic Urinary Tract Infection in Childhood.- 2.14.2 Long-Term Aspects of Covert Bacteriuria: A 10-Year Follow-up of Cardiff Schoolgirls.- 2.14.3 Approach to the Dynamics of Bladder Dysfunction in Girls with Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections.- 2.14.4 Treatment of Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection.- 2.15 Vesico-ureteral Reflux and Renal Scarring.- 2.15.1 Reflux Grade at First Presentation and the Risk of Renal Scarring.- 2.15.2 Morphology of Renal Papillae in Normal Kidneys and Its Correlation with the Frequency of Scarring in Young Children with Dilatating Reflux.- 2.15.3 The Role of Tamm-Horsfall Protein and Autoimmunity to the Protein - A Diagnostic Tool and Marker of Abnormal Urinary Flow.- 2.15.4 Reflux Nephropathy or Delay Nephropathy.- 2.16 The Neurogenic Bladder Dysfunction.- 2.16.1 The Investigation of the Neuropathic Bladder.- 2.16.2 Urodynamic Investigations in the Neuropathic Bladder.- 2.16.3 The Medical Management and Surgical Treatment of the Neuropathic Bladder.- 2.16.4 The Prognosis of Neuropathic Bladder Disease in Childhood.- 2.17 Renal Dysplasias and Cystic Diseases.- 2.17.1 Renal Dysplasia: Morphologic and Family Studies.- 2.17.2 Intrauterine Fetal Surgery: Medical and Ethical Considerations.- 2.17.3 Sonography of Renal Cystic Disease and Dysplasia in Infants and Children.- 2.17.4 Polycystic Kidney Disease in Infants.- 2.18 Hypertension - Diagnosis and Treatment.- 2.18.1 Hypertension in the Neonate.- 2.18.2 Hypertension in the Adolescent Physiologic Studies and Treatment Issues.- 2.18.3 Renovascular Hypertension: Association with Cerebrovascular Disease and Comparison of Investigative Procedures.- 2.18.4 Value of Measurement of Erythrocyte Cation Fluxes as a Genetic Marker in Essential Hypertension of Adolescents and Children.- 2.19 Vitamin D in Renal Diseases.- 2.19.1 Recent Advances in the Understanding of Vitamin D Metabolism.- 2.19.2 Inborn Errors of Vitamin D Metabolism.- 2.19.3 Vitamin D Metabolism in Longstanding Nephrotic Syndrome and Chronic Renal Insufficiency.- 2.20 Prostaglandins and Inhibitors.- 2.10.1 Prostaglandins and Clinical Nephrology.- 2.20.2 The Regulatory Role of Prostaglandins.- 2.20.3 Renal Pharmacology of the Prostaglandin Synthesis Inhibitor Indomethacin.


The synthesized melamine polyphosphate (MPP) in combination with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and pentaerythritol (PER) as intumescent flame-retardant (IFR) was used in LDPE to prepare flame retarded material. The scale of MPP, APP and PER in intumescent flame-retardant was 5/4/3. The effect of Al(OH)3 on flame retardant efficiency and combustion performance, thermostability, mechanical properties of materials were investigated. The results indicated that when the material comprising 18 wt% IFR and 4 wt% Al(OH)3, the flame retarded LDPE could pass V1 rating and had a LOI of 26%. At the same time, the materials possessed excellent mechanical properties and obviously improved the thermostability.


Psychological sense of community among early adolescents has been investigated using instruments developed for adolescents/adults or ad hoc scales. The aim was to contribute to the validation of a scale of Sense of Community in Early Adolescents (SoC-EA) using a 3-year longitudinal study. Participants were 576 Italian students attending middle schools. Participants filled out a questionnaire 3 times, in the second term of their first, second, and third middle school years. Results provided support for a five-factor model and both bifactor and exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) models had excellent fit. The SoC-EA can be scored according to each subscale or a total score. In addition, the SoC-EA demonstrated (a) longitudinal measurement invariance across the middle school years; (b) good internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and test-retest correlation across the 3 years; and (c) adequate construct validity. Findings support the use of the SoC-EA to measure sense of community in early adolescence.


There will be a cab mounting for vibration-damped and / or adjustable support of a vehicle cabin (18) on a vehicle chassis (10) described, which formed more than spring damping elements and / or adjusting elements, in their length, variable connecting elements (22, 24, 26, 28, 30 , 32). In order to improve the suspension properties with reduced technical effort and enable allachsige suspension of the vehicle cabin and a clean separation as possible of the oscillations, it is suggested that the vehicle cab (18) (at least six connecting elements 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32) whose first end in each case articulated (to the vehicle chassis 10) and whose respectively second end is hinged to the vehicle cab (18) in connection (to the vehicle chassis 10) is supported. The connecting elements (22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32) are thereby in closed kinematic chains and in groups of at least two convergent aligned connecting elements (22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32) are arranged such that an active and / or passive damping spring of the vehicle cab (18) is possible in six degrees of freedom.


Footwear impressions provide an important source of evidence within a range of criminal investigations, placing suspects at a crime scene or linking multiple crimes, helping to gather criminal intelligence. Despite rapid advances in other areas of forensic science, the techniques and tools used to capture and analyze footwear evidence have hardly changed in over a hundred years. Tracks are still cast in plaster, photographed and compared visually. This is beginning to change as 3D imaging now offers a superior approach to the capture and analysis of footwear impressions. Until now however, the prohibitive investment in terms of equipment, software and training meant that it could only be applied in serious cases. Recent algorithmic developments in digital photogrammetry have dramatically improved 3D imaging, allowing easy operational deployment. Bulky and expensive 3D scanners are no longer required and a good 3D model can be created by a crime scene photographer simply taking a few extra moments to collect additional oblique photographs of footwear impression. By translating academic research on ancient footprints and technical 'know-how' into a freeware software product (www.digtrace.co.uk) the authors have placed 3D imaging at the disposal of every police force or forensic agency, allowing its application to any footwear evidence regardless of crime severity. This project was supported by a UK NERC Innovation Award with project partners from the UK Home Office and National Crime Agency. This paper demonstrates how comparison of 3D images, either multiple tracks or a track with a shoe sole, can be achieved and illustrates the advantages over other methods. For example, given a line of multiple tracks made by one individual using DigTrace it is possible to compute an average 3D track from the population. Similarly, using the same technology you can compare a track to a 3D model of a suspect's sole.


Abstract Because suicide has become a significant public health concern in the United States (and internationally), occupational therapists who work with psychiatric populations-particularly adolescent and geriatric populations-should enhance their understanding of suicidal behavior, their ability to assess suicidal ideology in patients, and their awareness of effective prevention and treatment methods. This paper reviews the demography, risk factors, and biological underpinnings of suicidal behavior. The high correlation between psychiatric conditions— particularly the mood disorders, personality disorders, anxiety disorders, and schizophrenia—and suicidal behavior is examined. Prevention and treatment methods are suggested.


This paper begins with an investigation of the development of information literacy in the United States, including a definition of the concept and discussion of specific competencies entailed in the creation of the information literacy as promulgated by libraries and librarians. Recommendations of the American Library Association are summarized. The philosophy that supports some of the policies surrounding the advocacy of information literacy in the United States is discussed. Roadblocks to information literacy in developing nations (e.g., illiteracy, lack of publishing, lack of recognition of the importance of information, governmental instability, and lack of understanding between cultures) are then examined, with a view toward exploring alternative routes to information literacy. (Contains 13 references.) (MES) ******************************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * ******************************************************************************** F PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY


Data pools, i.e., master data repositories that support companies in exchanging information on trade items with business partners in a standard format, have been rated as ideal tools for product information sharing. However, it is widely accepted that adoption of data pools has fallen short of expectations. There is an obvious mismatch between the benefits and advantages associated with the use of data pools and their actual diffusion. This paper presents a theory-based literature review into barriers to adopting data pools. The findings may support providers of data pools to improve their services and adopters of data pools to lay the foundations for an efficient use of these electronic intermediaries for product information sharing.


Due to rapid industrialization, the lives of living cells including human has been threatened by all sorts of toxic and hazardous chemicals released from the manufacturing units. This has caused much water pollution globally.1 In day to day processing in various chemical industries that include paper, textile, leather, food, hair dyes etc., large amount of organic dyes are used and much of the quantity is un-consumed during the processing.2 The excess contaminated water therefore is released in large amount as effluent including synthetic/organic dyes in water resources thus causing serious water pollution.3 Therefore, there is a need of removal of these organic dyes from polluted water.4 The removal of such pollutants from water although sounds as a simple process however; practically it is highly challenging in the current era of nanotechnology. The overall question is to make the polluted water free from toxicity so as to utilize it again for human consumption as well as for other living organism.


The method for creating a two-element multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) ultra-wideband hammer antenna is presented in this paper. It has been suggested to investigate characteristics of this ultra-wideband antenna design. Split-ring resonators (SRR), made of metamaterial, have enhanced performance of antenna in terms of multiplexing effectiveness, S parameters, radiation characteristics, envelope correlation coefficient, and diversity gain. Reduced weight and size of this antenna technology make it easier to integrate into a 5G and linked object receiver. Because the outputs from the previous designer to the target entity did not satisfy the standards, we thoroughly researched design attributes and made parametric changes to the design to reach the precise outcomes.


This paper presents a method for estimating plan investment, sectoral as well as aggregate, along with its different components, viz, pipeline committed investment, plan investment for capacity creation during plan and post-plan periods, using a distributive lag model of investment. The model considers adequate time structure behind the accelerator type relation between investment and capacity output and expresses the total plan investment as a function of pre as well as post-terminal rates of growth of capacity output. These rates of growth, on the other hand, can be treated as unknown solution variables in a plan model and the total plan investment can be estimated consistently with plan objectives. The paper describes the model and uses it for estimating the total plan investment during the Sixth Plan period. The results obtained are then compared and discussed in relation to those reported in the Technical Note on the Sixth Plan.


Figure A Overview of Steps Involved in a Cot Analysis. (A) Nuclear DNA is sheared into 200-500 bp fragments by high-speed blending, and (B) fragment size is checked by gel electrophoresis. (C) Sheared DNA is precipitated, dissolved in 0.03, 0.12, or 0.5 M sodium phosphate buffer (SPB), and aliquots are loaded/sealed into glass microcapillary tubes/ampoules. (D) One tube/ampoule is (E) placed in boiling water to denature DNA duplexes, and then transferred (F) into a water bath set at the DNA sample's "criterion", i.e., Tm 25oC for genomic DNA in the same SPB buffer as the sample. Renaturation is allowed to proceed to a specific Cot value (Cot = the product of nucleotide concentration, reassociation time, and an appropriate factor based upon the cation concentration of the buffer). (G) Once the sample has reached the desired Cot value, it is quickly diluted in a 100fold excess of 0.03 M SPB, and (H) loaded onto a hydroxyapatite (HAP) column equilibrated with 0.03 M SPB. At this buffer concentration all DNA binds to the HAP. (I) 0.12 M SPB is added causing single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) to elute. (J) 0.50 M SPB is added to the column to elute double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). (K) The volumes and (L) A260 values (adjusted for light scatter at 320 nm) of the ssDNA eluant and the dsDNA eluant are used to determine the percentage of ssDNA (% ssDNA) for the Cot value (see Peterson et al. 1998 for details). Steps D-L are repeated for all the DNA samples with each sample being renatured to a different Cot value. (M) The logarithms of Cot values ranging from essentially no renaturation to nearly complete renaturation are plotted against corresponding % ssDNA values to yield a Cot curve. Because a DNA sequence reassociates at a rate that is directly proportional to the number of times it occurs in the genome, repetitive sequences reassociate at lower Cot values than single/low-copy sequences. Analysis of a Cot curve permits estimation of genome size, the number and relative proportion of the repetitive and single/low-copy components comprising the genome, and each component's 'kinetic complexity' (i.e., its estimated sequence complexity). D B C


A SOLUTION of the problem of determining a filter for the optimum recovery - In a mean-square sense - Of sampled data has been presented previously.1‾6 Examples for the application of this solution include radar tracking systems and systems where measuring instruments provided values at discrete time-instants. These are cases in which the data are available only in sampled form. However, there are important situations involving sampled data which are not included in this category. The case which is considered here is the one in which a continuous signal, consisting of data and noise, is to be sampled. In such a case, it is shown that the signal should be filtered before sampling. An expression is derived for the optimum "prefilter" as specified by a mean-square-error criterion, and examples are presented for illustration purposes.


This study investigated the satisfaction of fishermen with the summer fishing moratorium system in the three provinces of the South China Sea through a questionnaire survey and explored the degree of its influencing factors. A multistage random sampling method was used to issue questionnaires to fishermen involved in the summer fishing moratorium. A total of 258 valid questionnaires were collected, and the factors were analyzed them using the factor analysis method by SPSS 23.0 software. The results showed that the variance contribution rate of the first five factors reached 61.859%, and the 11 factors that have potential commonality in influencing fishermen's satisfaction with the fishing moratorium can be summarized and classified into five more significant factors, such as "economic income during fishing moratorium (16.396)," "illegal fishing boat (12.095)," "fishing moratorium time (12.012)," "law enforcement credibility (11.853)," and "summer fishing moratorium effect (9.503)." According to the factor score calculation, the fishermen's satisfaction with the fishing moratorium was F = 3.53, and the overall satisfaction was relatively high. This study reveals the satisfaction degree of the fishermen in the South China Sea with the summer fishing moratorium system and its influencing factors, which can provide a basis for improving the summer fishing moratorium system and ensuring the lives of fishermen.


To improve the osteogenesis ability of α-trkalcium phosphate (a-TCP ) bone cement, a novel BMP/ a- TCP composite bone cement was prepared. By measuring the setting time and compressive strength, the hydration characteristic of bone cemtwnt icts eralnated. Animal experiments including histological observation, radiographic investigation as well as digital image analyses reveal the difference of osteogenesis ability among BMP, a TCP bone cetnent and BMPI a-TCP composite bone cement, Results show that a-TCP bone cement possesses excellent hydration and setting properties as well as high mechanical property, Comparison experiments show that BMPI a-TCP composite bonc cement has a stronger osteogenesis obility. The gross observation of the implant site does not exhibit any inflammation or necrosis. Histohwcal analyses reveal that the material has good osteointegration with host bone, and new bone formntion is detected within the materials, which are degrading. Strong osteogenesis ability of the composite is due to not only the excellent osteoconductive potential but also the osteoinductive potential contributed by attire BMP releasing and the material degradation . Large skull defect could be well-healed ty filling BMPl a-TCP composite bone cement. This novel material proves itself to be an absorbable and bioaetive bonecement with an osteogenesi ability.


A new method of representing random fields in a biorthogonal wavelet basis is introduced. It is shown that a biorthogonal basis leads to an efficient representation of the random process with weakly correlated wavelet coefficients. This is tantamount to an increase in decorrelation capacity of the underlying basis functions. This increase is shown to result from the use of a smaller number of filter coefficients as compared to the Daubechies orthonormal family of wavelets.


This article is the author's inaugural lecture, delivered in November 2011 upon his installation as Professor of New Testament at Uppsala University. It addresses several conceptual and methodologi ...


difficult, however, when changes affect immature metaplastic squamous cells. The finding of endoplasmic and ectoplasmic zones has been considered by Pattens and others6 to be a normal feature of the immature metaplastic cells. It has been related to cellular glycogen content by von Haam and Old.7 Patted has described some cells with these changes as indicating a benign proliferative reaction. Our experience, however, indicates that such cytoplasmic changes are often associated with HPV infection (Fig. l), the early stage of Chlamydia infection (Fig. 2), or other inflammatory processes. Fig. 81 of the monograph by Patten' shows an immature metaplastic squamous cell with endoplasmic and ectoplasmic zones separated by the "spiral fibril of Eberth"*v9; this cell would now be strongly suspected as indicative of Chlamydia infection. On the same page, Fig. 79 displays immature metaplastic cells "with prominent ectoplasmic and endoplasmic cytoplasmic zones"; these might, in fact, be koilocytes. The cytoplasmic changes in metaplastic cells may, therefore, represent a response to inflammatory injuries and be nonspecific, degenerative, or reactive in nature. Since these changes are a common finding in a cervical cytology laboratory, cytologists should try to establish if they are due to HPV, Chlamydia, or other specific or nonspecific infections. To affirm surely that such cells are navicular, we need to find glycogen that stains golden-yellow with the bismarck brown dye used in Papanicolaou stain. This distinction is not always easy and may require additional microbiologic, cytoimmunologic, or cytomorphologic studies. Cytopathologists, however, should note such cytoplasmic changes in immature metaplastic squamous cells and indicate that their cause must be identified.


The environmental humanities have emerged from traditional academic disciplines with a long tradition in the study of the man-nature relationship, and share today the purpose of encouraging a more careful consideration of our assumptions regarding the environment and its problems. After a brief discussion of the conflicting views of environmental issues in higher education, this article explores the potential intersections between environmental humanities and architecture in three areas: material, theoretical, and management. The inclusion of environmental perspectives from other fields can offer information on specific changes of a natural or urban landscape, analysis of imagined or symbolic natures, or critical views on the effects on our ideas of nature on environmental management. Through this discussion, this article hopes to contribute to the integration of new perspectives on nature into the study of the relationship between the built environment and nature.


People from the UK's minority ethnic communities achieve less good degree results than whites. The paper explores some reasons for this under-performance. By analysing a large sample of around two million observations a measure of the quality of qualifications among those accepted into Higher Education is developed. It is found that ethnic minorities are less well qualified than whites. This is because proportionately more are accepted into Higher Education, so lower average quality is unsurprising. Subject choice is also found to have an influence because ethnic minorities choose subjects where it is more difficult to achieve a good degree.


Shared tasks have a long history and have become the mainstream of NLP research. Most of the shared tasks require participants to submit only system outputs and descriptions. It is uncommon for the shared task to request submission of the system itself because of the license issues and implementation differences. Therefore, many systems are abandoned without being used in real applications or contribut-ing to better systems. In this research, we propose a scheme to utilize all those systems which participated in the shared tasks. We use all participated system outputs as task teachers in this scheme and develop a new model as a student aiming to learn the characteris-tics of each system. We call this scheme "Co-Teaching." This scheme creates a unified system that performs better than the task's single best system. It only requires the system outputs, and slightly extra effort is needed for the participants and organizers. We apply this scheme to the "SHINRA2019-JP" shared task, which has nine participants with various output accuracies, confirming that the unified system outperforms the best system. Moreover, the code used in our experiments has been released. 1


Previously several authors have proposed the existence of one or more giant planets beyond Neptune to explain the non-uniform orbital elements for a dozen or fewer trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs). However, as shown here, it is not just twelve orbits that are non-randomly distributed. The distribution of the longitudes of ascending node, Ω, for all of the known TNOs with perihelia beyond Neptune is also non-uniform, and this cannot be explained by observational bias. However, simulations show that Ω should become uniformly distributed within just three to five million years due to small perturbations from the known planets. Furthermore, the proposed Planet Nine cannot prevent this randomization. These results indicate it is plausible that TNOs have only been in their present orbits for a few million years or less, and there is no reason for giant, undiscovered planets to exist.


This is a preliminary report of an experiment to study the effect on human beings of an exclusive meat diet of several months duration. Our subjects were 2 Arctic explorers who had spent many years in the Arctic Circle, and while there, lived for the greater part of the time on a practically 100% meat and fat diet. Preliminary to our observations they were given careful physical surveys. Both were in excellent condition and showed no evidence of impaired health. Following these examinations studies were made of the respiratory exchange, ketogenesis, protein balance, mineral metabolism, fecal bacteriology, hematology and the chemistry of the blood. This report confines itself to the blood chemical findings. Both men have eaten absolutely nothing but meat, cooked or raw Two experienced dieticians prepared and served the meat. No subjective untoward effects were noted.∗ Each subject consumed 120 to 130 gm. of protein and enough fat to total a daily caloric intake of 2200 to 2800. Both men were up and about, and took their exercise in walking. At times when they left the hospital they were accompanied by an attendant so that there might be no criticism as to the supervision of their diet. After 4 months the intensive metabolic studies were temporarily suspended. These subjects reported only once a month for blood chemical studies which we have continued for the past 11 months. This communication deals with 2 questions: (1) Does an exclusive meat diet over a period of 11 months affect the kidney? (2) What changes, if any, are found in the blood of men receiving such a diet over the period mentioned? The following were studied: N. P. N. urea, uric acid, creatinine, NaCl, sugar, CO2 C. P., serum Ca, plasma P, albumin (plasma), globulins, total protein (plasma), A/G, and cholesterol, before the meat diet and after an exclusive meat diet for 8 months. All analyses were done in duplicate whenever there was a question as to the correctness of the procedures analyses were checked at frequent intervals.


Introduction and Summary The systems of "partitive numbers" introduced in this paper differ from ordinary number systems in being subject to non-associative addition. They are intended primarily to serve as the indices of powers in algebraic systems having non-associative multiplication, or as the coefficients of multiples in systems with non-associative addition, but are defined more generally than is probably necessary for these purposes. They are essentially the same as root-trees (Setzbäume) with non-branching knots other than terminal knots ignored, with operations of addition and multiplication defined. Partitive numbers are of two kinds, partitioned cardinals and partitioned serials, defined respectively as the partition-types of repeatedly partitioned classes and series. For each kind, multiplication is binary (i.e. any ordered pair has a unique product) and associative. Addition is in general a free operation (i.e. the summands are not limited to two, and indeed, assuming the multiplicative axiom, may form an infinite class or series); but it is non-associative, which means that for example a + b + c (involving one operation of addition) is distinguished from (a + b) + c and a + (b + c) (involving two operations). A one-sided distributive law is obeyed: Partitioned cardinals are commutative in addition.


Many medical schools have transitioned to teaching anatomy with prosections and models1. The efficacy of these curricular approaches as they compare to the gold standard of dissection anatomy has been evaluated2. In addition to helping students acquire professional competencies3, students who participate in dissection achieve higher scores on written examinations than students who participate in prosection1,4. Dissection helps students develop integrated three‐dimensional models of the human body, which is fundamental to clinical practice2.


The reduction of N&V (noise and vibration) is a progressively more important objective for designers of various engineering applications. When a series of physical and mechanical requirements are touched, classic materials reach their limits. Cellular metals with their great diversity of properties open up new vistas. Metallic hollow sphere structures (MHSS) feature a new group of advanced composite materials characterised by high geometrical reproducibility leading to stable properties. In the scope of this study, vibrational analysis of sintered metallic hollow sphere structures is performed. The objective is a description of the dynamic response by numerical simulation. A detailed finite element model would exceed available resources. Therefore, a proper model with special descriptions for hollow spheres and interconnections has been developed and is presented in detail. Numerical results are compared with vibrations measured by laser scanning vibrometer and analytical analysis.


Abstruct -A method for the design of 2-D digital filters with octagonal passband and stopband boundaries is described. The method involves cascading four 1-D FIR or IIR digital filters. Consequently, it is easy to apply and leads to fast, economical, and efficient designs. By choosing appropriate passband- and stopband-edge frequencies for the 1-D filters, 2-D filters with approximately circular or elliptical passband and stopband boundaries can readily be designed. Additionally, it is possible to realize causal 2-D IIR filters with linear-phase passbands by using 1-D IIR filters having linear-phase passbands.


Ectopic pregnancy is a condition where gestation sac is located outside the uterine cavity; it is a major life threatening situation in early pregnancy. A cornual pregnancy is an ectopic pregnancy that develops in the interstitial portion of the fallopian tube invading through the uterine wall. As myometrium is more distensible fallopian tube cornual pregnancies often rupture later than other tubal pregnancies. Cornual pregnancy is rare and carries grave consequences to both mother and fetus. Here a case report has been presented where the patient was admitted in Faridpur Medical College Hospital. The case was presented with intra-abdominal haemorrhage at second trimester. In this cases investigation missed the diagnosis, final diagnosis was only made after laparotomy. The need for clinical suspicion and role of ultrasonography, resuscitation and laparotomy is necessary to prevent catastrophe. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/fmcj.v8i2.20397 Faridpur Med. Coll. J. 2013;8(2): 102-104


After an investigation in the influences of Ca and Mg on the determination and making choice of appropriate working condition for the instrument, a direct determination is made for Cd,Cr,Cu,Ni,Pb and Zn in environment water samples by ICP AES. An analytical method is proposed to determine the six trace elements in environment water samples by ICP-AES, by means of determing the standard samples and unknown samples and comparing to both results of experiment. This method shows some superiorities in convenience, accuracy, promptness, stability and re appearance.


67 mosses were found in Ob floodplain within the limits of Bystroistokskiy district, Altai Territory. Among the species, 64 ones are new for the floodplain of the area and 45 are new for the Ob floodplain within the limits of Altai Territory. 5 species are first recorded for Altai Territory.


Purpose The metabolites of urine and sweat can reflect the metabolic circulation.Based on two biological secretions with extracting GC/MS peaks,scoring is used to screen the potential compounds.Methods the biological samples of 16 families analyzed by GC/MS were ranking high to low for the individual family.The chemicals had been identified.Results Family D randomly selected for giving the example showed the results.Total biomarkers are 22 identified.Conclusion scoring algorithm screens the target compounds effectively and reveals the potential genetic metabolite for individual family.


Objective This paper is to analyze somatotype growth rules and characteristics of Han male children and youth in west rural area of Liaoning Province so as to supplement essential data for physical anthropology.Method The somatotype of 1323 Han nationality male children and youth(urban 657,countryside 666) were selected to make a comparison using Heath-Carter somatotype method.Results The average value of somatotype was 3.9~3.5~3.4 in urban male which belonged to medial type,3.6~2.5~3.7 in rural area which belonged to ectomorph-endomorph balanced type.The height of rural boys is lower 5.93cm(u=6.24;P0.01),the weight is lower 5.75kg(u=6.93;P0.01) than urban boys.Compare the average value of three somatotype factors,in terms of endomorphy,urban male was higher than rural male;as for ectomorphy,urban male was lower than rural male,but there was not significant difference(P0.05) between them;as far as Mesomorphy was concerned,urban male was higher than rural male,and there was significant difference(P0.05).There appeared to be significant difference among 7,8,11,13 and 15~18 year groups(P0.01).Conclusions Urban male is higher,thinner,stronger in terms of skeletal and muscle and richer in subcutaneous fat than boys in the countryside.The body fat of boys of Han nationality in western area of Liaoning Province was comparatively high.


The study aimed to determine the seasonal changes and the distribution of some fecal indicator bacteria and coliphages in inlet and outlet groundwater samples that used as drinking water in Zagazig city. The samples were taken two times every month for 12 months in triplicates from all selected six wells (El-Zeraa, El-Sagha, Wapour El-Nour, Abo-Aamer, El-Hesania and Gamal Abd El-Naser wells). The inlet and outlet groundwater samples of wells tested during one year period were clostridia free. Higher Salmonella and Shigella positive percentage was recorded in El-Zeraa (58.3%) and El-Sagha (50%) wells in inlet samples. While Wapour El-Nour and Abo-Aamer wells were Salmonella and Shigella free. The inlet groundwater samples of all six tested wells were Aeromonas spp. free, except El-Sagha well where the positive percentage reached 25.0%. The range of coliphages density during three months was from zero to 5.1 x 103 PFU/100 ml-1 inlet and from zero to 6.1 × 103 PFU/100 ml-1 in outlet samples. The results revealed that the coliphage counts increased in the water samples as the increasing of the environmental temperature. The relationship between total coliform/coliphage, fecal coliform/coliphage and fecal streptococci/coliphage in inlet groundwater samples of the same site were 1:3.39, 1: 4.47 and 1:3.24, respectively. Significant and positive correlation coefficients were observed between coliphage versus total coliforms (0.931 and 0.999), fecal coliform (0.609 and 0.769) and fecal streptococci (0.959 and 0.961), in inlet and outlet groundwater samples of El-Zeraa well, respectively. From the obtained results and the hygienic point of view, groundwater should be correctly chemically treated before its distribution for drinking.


The effect of cyclization routes, alcoholysis, acidolysis and ester-interchange reaction, on the contents of cyclic poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) oligomers and their distribution were investigated by regenerating cyclic oligomers from PET (p-PET), carboxyl group end-capped PET (c-PET) and hydroxyl end group blocked PET (b-PET). It was found that the possible cyclization routes in p-PET are alcoholysis, acidolysis and ester-intet change reaction, whereas the routes in c-PET and b-PET are acidolysis and ester-interchange reaction, respectively. By comparing the contents of cyclic oligomers and their possible cyclization routes in the three PETs from one to another, it is concluded that alcoholysis is the most feasi ble route, while acidolysis is more effective than ester-interchange reaction in the cyclic PET formation.


Peace seems to have become humanity's most sought after desire and value in our dispensation given its elusive nature. Friction, conflict and chaos have continued to have their toll on humanity. This trend has been fueled by the acts of individuals, even the verbal/ language acts, which have increasingly become violent. In social interactions today, language is often marked with disharmony and communicative violence evident in the use of aggressive, offensive and dehumanizing constructions that have the potentiality to harm and, by extension, escalate friction and conflict. It is in line with the foregoing that this paper examined peace linguistics' imperative for escaping friction and building peace. Peace linguistics advocates for the prevention of communicative aggression, creation of harmony and promotion of peace using language principles and applications. The study adopted the cooperative principles of Grice (1957) and Culpeper's (1996) model of impoliteness as working frameworks. The researcher also hinged the study on corpus linguistic approach as data were sourced from social media interactions and used to investigate how language can deconstruct and how it can construct and foster peace. The paper identified that since communication and language [its vehicle] are what human life revolves around, language could, thus, be used to champion peace building when it is used constructively and made to possess human dignifying attributes. The paper posited that the tenets of peace linguistics which include effective use of language, harmonious exchange, humanized constructions and communicative peace should be adopted in social interactions. Recommendations were made on the need to escape friction, prevent conflict and strengthen peace through humanizing language performances.


Andrew Alan Johnson, Ghosts of the New City: Spirits, Urbanity, and the Ruins of Progress in Chiang Mai. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2014. 208 pp.There are dozens of important reliquaries and monasteries in Chiang Mai. It is a city that has one of the best preserved manuscript collections in all of Asia. Many sources in the city's vast collection of inscriptions and chronicles have hardly been analyzed or translated. These sources reveal a culture fed by a complex mixture of ethnicities, languages, and architectural influences. The city is home to well-preserved artistic traditions and religious rituals. Despite these facts and the untapped historical and cultural resources available to him, Andrew Alan Johnson used his language skills and scholarly skills to write a book about failing shopping malls and abandoned gated communities in the Chiang Mai suburbs. Sigh. However, anybody that closely reads this book will thank him for it. He has brought a fresh perspective and provocative new questions to the study of Chiang Mai.In his highly engaging book on an unlikely subject, Ghosts of the New City: Spirits, Urbanity, and the Ruins of Progress in Chiang Mai, Johnson attempts to provide an ethnographic account of changes in the so-called "Capital of Northern Thailand" that questions the very way Chiang Mai is presented to tourists (both domestic and foreign). It is not a study of modernity in Northern Thailand (historically known as "Lanna"), but a study of the contested nature of modernity expressed locally. Through participant observation and a series of interviews with shop-owners, architects, artists, urban planners, and scholars, Johnson's keen eye and attention to detail offers the reader much to ponder.There is much to celebrate about this book. There are several subjects briefly described by Johnson which have been overlooked by other scholars. For example, he mentions the understudied protective figures of Grandfather and Grandmother Sae (44); the concept of "khuet" (146-150), a difficult word to translate which invokes the idea of sacred places and events that both protect and curse the city; and "thaksa" (142-145), a series of sacred boundary points in the city. Moreover, he brings together the ideas of several theorists who are not often discussed in the same book. He looks at the work of Eric Harms, Raymond Williams, and Kasian Tejapira. He brings up Freud's concept of unheimlich and even touches upon the important work of Lucien Hanks. The reader moves from one provocative concept and cultural observation to the other. It is quite a whirlwind.In many ways the greatest weakness of this book can be seen as its greatest strength-it packs a lot into very few pages. on the one hand, Johnson seems very comfortable moving quickly from one interesting topic to the next. one the other hand, the reader is left wanting certain topics explored in more depth. The writing sparkles with energy and a sense of urgency. Johnson touches upon so many theories and cites a number of important theorists both in Southeast Asian Studies and in the social sciences more broadly. Several subsections of the book call out for more sustained focus and elaboration: for example, Johnson's own views of Geertz's theatre state, Tambiah's mandala, and Condomindas's theory of "systems a emboitement." I often wanted Johnson to stop invoking others and just plainly tell the readers what he thought of Southeast, or even just Northern Thai, contributions to urban studies. What can Chiang Mai as a city teach those interested in urbanity more broadly? Do the development of gated communities, shopping malls, high-end coffee shops, and fashionable boutiques mark a distinct break with the past or are there premodern patterns and parameters that still shape development? Johnson contemplates these questions for sure, but rarely offers direct answers. Instead of trying to cover so many topics, I would have liked to have seen a more sustained focus on certain key questions. …


Introduction and Purpose Studies have repeatedly shown that English language learners (ELLs) in elementary and secondary schools are frustrated because the school system is failing to support them in achieving their goals of acquiring English and obtaining postsecondary education (Menken, 2008; Olsen, 1997; Suarez-Orozco, Suarez-Orozco, & Todorova, 2008; Valdes, 2001). Teachers of ELLs often tell students to stop speaking their native languages, require students to repeat tedious grammar drills that are not cognitively demanding, and communicate low expectations of these students. Many ELLs are left wondering "when, if ever, [they] will experience the kind of teaching [they] need" to succeed in elementary and secondary schools (Jimenez & Rose, 2010, p. 403). Too often, this growing population of ELLs, which likely will be one in every four students in K-12 schools by 2025 (U.S. Department of Education, 2006), is not getting the educational services they need to thrive within and beyond school. All K-12 teachers, not just English language specialists, are responsible for educating ELLs (Harper & de Jong, 2009; Valdes, 2001). To support students learning English as an additional language, however, all teachers need opportunities to learn how they can educate these learners effectively. Because teacher quality affects students' academic success (Rockoff, 2004) and teacher education can enhance teacher quality (Darling-Hammond, 2000), more evidence is needed regarding how and when teacher candidates learn to educate linguistically diverse students in their teacher education programs (Jimenez & Rose, 2010; Lucas & Grinberg, 2008). More specifically, because students' academic achievement in elementary school directly predicts high school success and graduation rates (Hernandez, 2012), and vocabulary and reading abilities in first grade predict academic success in eleventh grade (Cunningham & Stanovich, 1997), further analysis into how elementary teachers learn to work with ELLs in their pre-service programs is an especially urgent need. In this article, I report major findings from a study that documented how and when pre-service elementary teachers learned to educate ELLs during their thirteen-month Masters with Certification in Elementary Education (MCEE) program. First, I provide a synopsis of the literature on what we already know about preparing teachers to educate ELLs. Then, I describe my theoretical perspective, methods, and findings. Finally, I discuss implications for research and practice that could enhance the ways we guide teachers to educate ELLs. What Do We Know about Preparing Teachers to Educate ELLS? We know that: (1) Infusing culturally and linguistically responsive pedagogy into teacher education programs can enhance students' experiences in K-12 schools. (2) Certain projects, courses, or practicum experiences can be shaped to help candidates learn to educate ELLs. (3) We have to think broadly about how pre-service programs guide candidates to learn not only knowledge and dispositions but also skills across program experiences. Culturally and linguistically responsive pedagogy in teacher education engages teacher candidates in reflecting on their own backgrounds, affirming students' prior experiences as assets to learning, finding ways to bridge students' prior knowledge with new content, recognizing inequalities in K-12 schools, and embracing the role of advocate for increasing equity in K-12 schools (Villegas & Lucas, 2002). Additionally, linguistically responsive pedagogy in teacher education guides candidates in gaining awareness of principles of second language acquisition, the importance of learning about and using students' linguistic backgrounds, and incorporating knowledge of language acquisition theories and students' experiences into practice (Lucas, Villegas, & Freedson-Gonzalez, 2008). …


To make clear the characteristics of karyotypes of long-horned beetles, supplement the chromosome classification feature and fill up the basic research vacancy of cytotaxonomy about long-horned beetles, the tissues with exuberant differentiation (testis, ovary and midgut) of four species of Lamiinae beetles were chosen for preparing slides of chromosomes under different conditions. The results showed that their chromosomal number is 2n=20 and the sex-determining mechanism is Xyp. The karyotype of Batocera lineolata is composed of 4 pairs of large autosomes, 5 pairs of medium sized autosomes and 1 pair of small sex-chromosome, and the karyotype formula is 4L+5M+Xyp. For Apriona germari, Olenecamptus cretaceus marginatus and Olenecamptus octopustulatus chinensis, their karyotypes are all composed of 5 pairs of large autosomes, 4 pairs of medium sized autosomes and 1 pair of medium sized sex-chromosome, and the karyotype formula is 5L+4M+Xyp. The two long-horned beetles of Olenecamptus have very similar karyotype index. The chromosome size and the centromere location among A. germari, B. lineolata and Olenecamptus are obviously different.


A model system of reaction-diffusion equations exhibiting a fast reaction is studied with an initial condition defining three interfaces between regions of dominance of two main reactants within the spatial domain. Two cases varying the reactant coefficient of the model problem are studied, the second case using reactant coefficient three orders of magnitude larger than the first. A numerical method consisting of spatial discretization by finite differences in space and a time discretization employing Numerical Differentiation Formulas is used to obtain numerical solutions for both cases. Comparing the numerical interface solutions between the two cases shows that the asymptotic limit of the model problem has been nearly approached for both reaction coefficients considered. Therefore, the qualitative features of the internal reactant boundaries can be reliably studied using the smaller reaction coefficient, saving substantial computation time. This report also includes a systematic study of several numerical parameters including the absolute and relative ODE tolerances that guarantee the efficiency and reliability of the numerical solutions used to draw the conclusions about the model solutions.


Lekphet, S., Nitisoravut, S. and Adsavakulchai, S. Estimating methane emissions from mangrove area in Ranong Province, Thailand Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol., 2005, 27(1) : 153-163 This study aimed to estimate methane emissions from the mangrove area of Ranong Province and to explore the factors affecting the emissions, as part of an attempt to evaluate methane contribution to the global methane budget. Methane was measured by using a closed chamber technique and analyzed by a gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector (FID). The results showed that the annual estimated methane emission was released at approximately 157.32 mg/m2. The amount of methane emission from this mangrove area was lower than in other previously studied areas. Emission rates varied seasonally with the highest rate in the rainy season followed by summer and cold seasons, during which the values were 0.52, 0.27, and 0.19 mg/m2/day, respectively. Seasonal variations of methane emission was related to several factors depending upon field conditions such as water conductivity, soil temperature, and water level.


BACKGROUND Spain, a country with one of the lowest fertility levels in the world, has recently received intense immigration flows that may contribute to fertility recovery. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to examine whether the childbearing behaviour of immigrant women and their descendants shows a pattern of convergence with that of Spanish women born in or after 1950. METHODS After merging data from the Fertility and Values Survey (2006) and the National Immigrants Survey (2007), we analyse the transition to first, second, and third birth using event history models, to identify variations in timing and incidence of birth transitions between native Spanish women and immigrant groups. RESULTS First-generation migrant women have an earlier transition to motherhood than Spaniards. By contrast, their overall rates of transition to second birth – with the exception of women born in the Maghreb – are lower than those of Spaniards, while their rates of transition to third birth are again higher. When the analysis is restricted to immigrant women who arrived childless in Spain, all of them delay the transition to first birth even later than Spaniards, with the exception of those born in other EU countries. Among descendants of immigrants, a trend to convergence with natives 1 Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain. E-Mail: email@example.com. 2 Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain. 3 University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain. 4 Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain. Demographic Research: Volume 37, Article 19 600 http://www.demographic-research.org emerges among women of Latin American origin, while those from the Maghreb remain more likely to experience a transition to a second and third birth. CONTRIBUTION Previous literature has found that migration disrupts immigrants' fertility only temporarily; however, in the case of Spain, most migrant women who moved before starting family formation do not seem to fully compensate for migration-related disruption of fertility at a later stage. Our findings challenge the widespread belief that immigrants' childbearing alone will allow Spain to leave behind the current lowest-low and latest-late fertility scenario.


The earthquake and tsunami waves that caused widespread death and destruction in much of Asia and other parts of the World on the tragic Sunday (26.12.04) has highlighted the immense human suffering that goes with massive disasters. This editorial is penned as a grim remainder for us to look at the disasters from the mental health perspective and device short and long term plans to understand, mitigate or still best, prevent mental health consequences as much as possible by proper, timely and sustained intervention.


Characteristics of Medical Students' Learning Styles and Their Relationships to GPA Mira Kim, PhD, Sowon Ahn1, PhD, Jungmo Lee2, PhD, Ducksun Ahn1, MD, Youngmee Lee1, MD Research Center of Applied Psychology, Sungkyunkwan University, Department of Psychology2, Sungkyunkwan University Department of Medical Education1, College of Medicine, Korea University Purpose: The present study examines the characteristics of medical students' learning styles and their relationships to the GPA. Methods: One hundred 2nd year medical students took the revised version of the Index of Learning Styles(ILS) by Felder-Silverman, which was computerized. The ILS classifies individual preferences for information processing into 16 categories based on four dichotomous dimension: active/reflective, sensing/intuitive, sequential/global, visual/verbal. The GPA from the previous semester was used. Results: The most frequent learning styles were reflective, sensing, sequential, and visual, covering 25% of the class. For the relationship with the GPA, we compared group means. The sensing students showed significantly higher grades than the intuitive students. Other than this result, there seemed to be no particular relationship between learning styles and GPA. This relationship should be further studied. Conclusions: In this study, medical students were categorized based on individual differences in information processing. Learning styles are expected to be helpful in designing effective learning strategies and thereby enhancing medical students' performance.


This paper discuss the transport policies in Parana state, from 1995 to 2002, identifying wich government actions were achieved in the period. It pinpoints the real political practices used in the decision process models discussed by current literature. The condition to examining government actions took in to considerations the changes happened, refered to government role in levels of state, in Brazil and Parana State, choosing the transport sector due its importance for economic development in regional and national context. The State infrastruture of transports is evalueted in its deficiencies and necessities due shortage of financial and human resources. The process cheks physical and financial information put in accounting records, reports and official documents