Objective To explore the surgical methods in managing the chronic constrictive pericarditis and improve surgical methods. Methods A retrospective analysis was carried out in 79 consecutive patients, 51 male and 28 female, with a mean age of 29.21 years (range 7 to 71), who underwent pericardiectomy for chronic constrictive pericarditis under general anaesthesia from Jan 1994 to May 2005. Sixty-four patients applied median sternotomy, 15 patients left intercostal space thoracotomy. Preoperatively, no patients were classified to New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class Ⅰ, 6 to class Ⅱ, 51 to class Ⅲ, and 22 to class Ⅳ. Results The heart function of 54 patients recovered to functional class Ⅰ, 18 to class Ⅱ and 3 to class Ⅲ-Ⅳ. Four patients died postoperatively, of whose death the main cause in 2 cases was severe low-cardiac-output syndrome, 1 vital bleeding due to rupture of the right ventricular outflow tract and Ⅰ multiple organ failure. Three patients'symptoms were not relieved and needed diuretic daily. Conclusion Surgical intervention is the most effective method for constrictive pericarditis. Once the diagnosis is definite, the pericardial stripping should be performed as early as possible.


A nonlinear electromechanical coupled dynamic finite element formulation for electrostrictive materials is proposed. This formulation includes the quadratic dependence of strain with polarization, valid at a constant temperature and excludes hysteresis. The present formulation uses linear finite element analysis along with the numerical solution of the nonlinear constitutive equation using Newton-Raphson technique only within each electrostrictive elements. Therefore this formulation is capable of handling nonlinearity only on the electrostrictive domain instead of making the whole finite element analysis as nonlinear. The Newton-Raphson technique is specially modified in order to guarantee the convergence of the solution. A simple technique for obtaining the initial guess of the solution for Newton-Raphson technique is also proposed which gives faster convergence of the solution. The assumption made in most of the finite element formulations, that polarization is approximately equal to electric displacement has been relaxed. The proposed finite element formulation is computationally very efficient than any other available nonlinear dynamic finite element formulation for electrostrictive materials and it proves its very high computational efficiency especially in case of electrostrictive patches embedded in large structures.


Urine sensing device on and off automatically, comprising a holding part (4, 11) with magnet (1) incorporated, and a housing (9) with a magnetic switch (2) of reed. In position of use, the undergarment (7) is clamped between the clamping part (4, 11) and the housing (9) and the magnetic field of the magnet (1) generates a first state of magnetic switch (2), open or closed. In rest position, when the device (10) is not fixed to the undergarment (7), the magnetic field of the magnet (1) generates a second state opposite the first state magnetic switch (2). The magnetic switch (2) produces the automatic on or off the device (10) according to their particular state. The clamping piece can be implemented as a gripping flap (4) attached by one end to the housing (9) or as a loose part.


Effects of environmental conditions on the distribution of resources between generative and vegetative reproduction were considered in relation to several theories. Our objective was to study the effects of heavy pollution-induced habitat deterioration on the growth and reproduction of Betula pendula Roth trees. The length of vegetative short shoots of the birch, the chlorophyll concentration in leaves, and the reproductive effort were studied for the most polluted site – a zinc-lead dump in Welnowiec (the district of the city of Katowice) and the control site in the village of Smolen near the town of Pilica. All the plant samples were collected from 10 microhabitats categorized on the basis of different levels of heavy metal concentrations in the topsoil. The length of the vegetative short shoots was greater than that of the trees growing at the control site. The same increasing tendency was observed in chlorophyll concentrations. The somatic cost of reproduction in Betula pendula was higher for the polluted site, presumably owing to both more intensive generative reproduction and resource limitations in the unfavorable environments.


Heated arguments over the "right" tool, language, method or theoretical approach-are not new to computer science. Usually these arguments rage for a while then subside with each side agreeing to disagree. Object oriented programming is the most recent example of this phenomenon. Unfortunately, (because it delays recognition and resolution of important issues), the foundations for the claim of a "new paradigm" are seldom explicated. Equally unexamined, the epistemological roots that cause such arguments to be so vehement and emotional that they earn the metaphoric label, "religious wars". The paper uses object orientation as a kind of case study to suggest that computer science needs to be more aware of its philosophical presuppositions, to suggest that there are indeed alternative paradigms for computer science, and that computer science education needs to address these issues in a more comprehensive fashion.


This brief overview is intended to shed light on the current drug repositioning (also called drug repurposing) in the therapeutics of the novel coronavirus disease which emerged in 2019 (COVID-19). In this sense, the repositioning drugs for new indications can offer a better risk- versus -reward trade-off when compared to other drug development strategies, given that it makes use of drugs whose safety profile are already understood. Nonetheless, this approach allows healthcare professionals to promptly tackle the disease by investigating readily available drugs against it.


Background: This study aims to understand and analyze the complex experiences of people living with COVID-19 to support future cases. Methods: Purposive and snowball sampling techniques were employed to collect data through in-depth interviews; the data were combined with non-aggregated behavioral observations. Lived experiences of 15 individuals were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using a phenomenological-hermeneutic approach. We used the thematic analysis technique to analyze the data. Results: Through analysis, themes of stress, economic impact, social stigma, social support, and unexpected benefits were identified. Participants further expressed economic and social concerns during the interviews. Conclusion: The identified themes can help develop multidisciplinary treatment strategies that would be useful during a healthcare crisis, establish comprehensive support systems that could address economic and social problems, and provide training for employees for post-COVID-19 assistance.


The article is devoted to the problem of the effectiveness of accounts receivable and accounts payable management in an enterprise. The object of the study is the LLC XXX leasing company that specialises in financial leasing of cars, road freight vehicles, specialised equipment and other items. Works on relevant subjects of Russian and foreign authors served as a theoretical basis of the study. The goal of the study is to prepare recommendations aimed at improving settlements with creditors and debtors, avoiding and minimising the number of overdue receivables and payables as well as improving the overall economic security of the enterprise. Based on the analysis and synthesis of the results obtained by the authors in previous studies, a set of recommendations was proposed. Their potential impact on the components of the enterprise's economic security was assessed, and the results that can be achieved in case accounts receivable and accounts payable are properly managed were presented. The method of combining ABC analysis with accounts receivable aging reports, which gives a full picture of creditors and debtors, was described.


The research development of the synthesizing tecnology of CVD diamond thick films and it's cutting\,weding and Polishing technology is summarized, and varies of synthesizing and processing technology of CVD thick films are introduced.


Introduction 1. Universalizing the practice of correction 2. Negotiating contrary things 3. Managing the rhetoric of reproof: the B-version of Piers Plowman 4. John Wyclif: disciplining the English clergy and the Pope 5. Wycliffites under oppression: fraternal correction as polemical weapon 6. Lancastrian reformist lives: toeing the line while stepping over it.


Abstract : Three problems were chosen so as to explore some of the apparent limitations of describing function technique for the analysis of nonlinear systems, and to show how the technique might be extended so as to overcome the indicated deficiencies. The problems were (a) the effects of stick and valve friction in fully powered, manual aircraft control systems, (b) limit cycles in satellite attitude control with off-on jets, and (c) the effects of aerodynamic hysteresis in the stability derivatives of tilt-wing VTOL aircraft. The results indicate that new describing functions can be developed as closed-loop functions provided that specific restrictions are met, that non-sinusoidal, Fourier series describing functions or a generalized periodic input describing function can be successful, but that they are extraordinarily difficult to apply, and that the aerodynamic nonlinearities which were considered are of small practical importance. (Author)


Rift Valley fever (RVF) is an acute, zoonotic viral disease, caused by a Phlebovirus belonging to the Bunyaviridae family. RVF virus (RVFV) historically has been responsible for large explosive outbreaks of severe human and animal disease throughout Africa and recently in the Arabian Peninsula. In animals, it mainly affects domestic ruminants such as sheep, goats and cattle. RVFV outbreaks among livestock are economically devastating and often characterized by large sweeping abortion storms and significant mortality in adult livestock. This study was conducted to investigate RVF infection in Kigoma region. Regional wide serosurvey and conventional gel based single tube RT-PCR were conducted in Kigoma region on non-vaccinated small ruminants (sheep and goats). The study included 411 animals (32 sheep and 379 goats) sampled in 3 districts namely; Kigoma rural, Kasulu and Kibondo. Sera of animals were tested for the detection of immunoglobulins G (IgG) against RVFV using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) kit. Past infections were detected in 22 of 411 animals (5.4% at 95% CI 3.5 % to 8.1%) from all three districts. Kigoma rural recorded higher prevalence was 12.5% and 4.7% for sheep and goats respectively. RT-PCR results indicated that only 8 samples were found positive (n=63) including 22 positive samples for IgG ELISA, where none was RT-PCR positive. This study has confirmed, for the first time, the presence of RVFV in Kigoma region, 4 years after the 2007 epizootic in Tanzania, and suggests further that the virus activity exists during the interepizootic period ii (IEP) even in regions with no history of RVF. In-depth studies should be conducted to clarify the complex epidemiology of RVF in the country. iii DECLARATION I, EMMANUEL GEORGE KIFARO do hereby declare to the Senate of Sokoine University of Agriculture, that this dissertation is my own original work done within the period of registration and that it has neither been submitted nor being concurrently submitted in any other institution. iv COPYRIGHT No part of this dissertation may be reproduced, stored in any retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written permission of the author or Sokoine University of Agriculture in that behalf.


This article does some surways on the colley a P.E. class assessing principle, the assessing way ,what it assess. The pnupose is to increase teachers' teaching level and guide the D.E. class towands the direction of interesting .practicle enjoyable and so on. so that the qnality of the P.E con be improued.


To assess the prevalence of pica among under five children. To find association between pica in under five children with selected socio demographic variables. METODOLOGY: A quantitative research approach and descriptive research design was used to assess the prevalence of pica among 100 under five children in Saraswathi Nagar by simple random sampling using lottery method. Data was collected by using observational check list. The data was analyzed and tabulated by using descriptive and inferential statistics based on objective of the study. RESULTS: The results showed that regarding pica behaviour 12(12%) were having occasionally taking pica behaviour, 3(3%) of them had frequent and 85(85%) were not having pica behaviour. CONCLUSION : The findings of the study reveals that majority of children did not have pica behaviour.


Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive disease with one of the highest case-fatality rates among cancer. The recommended therapy for SCLC has not changed significantly over the past 30 years; new therapeutic approaches are a critical need. TP53 is mutated in the majority of SCLC cases and its loss is required in transgenic mouse models of the disease. We synthesized an array of biodegradable poly(beta-amino ester) (PBAE) polymers which self-assemble with DNA and assayed for transfection efficiency in the p53-mutant H446 SCLC cell line using high-throughput methodologies. Two of the top candidates were selected for further characterization and TP53 delivery in vitro and in vivo . Nanoparticle delivery of TP53 resulted in expression of exogenous p53, induction of p21, induction of apoptosis and accumulation of cells in sub-G1 consistent with functional p53 activity. Intratumoral injection of subcutaneous H446 xenografts with polymers carrying TP53 caused marked tumor growth inhibition. This is the first demonstration of TP53 gene therapy in SCLC using non-viral polymeric nanoparticles. This technology may have general applicability as a novel anti-cancer strategy based on restoration of tumor suppressor gene function. that expressed high-level exogenous WT p53 had robust p21 induction and accumulated in sub-G1.


Liraglutide is a novel glucagon-like peptide 1 analogue, which shows promise as a safe, effective therapy for type 2 diabetes. This review discusses the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes, focusing on the incretin system, and reviews the pharmacology of liraglutide. A concise discussion of preclinical and clinical data is given, highlighting the benefits of liraglutide with respect to glycaemic control, weight modulation and extraglycaemic effects. This article also review some of recent patents related to the field.


The coexistence of congenital HIV infection with primary rheumatologic disease is rare. We have described a child with congenital AIDS and concurrent systemic lupus erythematosus who presented with small vessel vasculitis with no renal involvement. Oral corticosteroid therapy resulted in significant improvement in her clinical state. The child also responded strongly to potent antiretroviral therapy both virologically and immunologically.


Groundwater is a very valuable natural resource and it is important for us to be able to monitor its quality and quantity in subsurface reservoirs. Since mineralisation, hydrocarbon accumulations and contaminant dispersal processes in the subsurface are all genetically connected by water and heat, it is vital to continue to conduct fundamental research on groundwater and its role in geological processes. Also, the decline in heavy industrial activities, past waste disposal practice and accidental spills, military decommisioning activities and past legislative inadequacies have left us a legacy of derelict Ž sites disused minesrquarries, military bases, oil fieldsrrefineries and petrol stations, and car . wrecker sites , many of which are contaminated Ž with light non-aqueous phase liquids LNAPLs, such as gasoline-based benzene, toluene or xy. Ž lene , dense non-aqueous phase liquids DNAPLs, such as cleaning solvents like trichloroeth. ylene or heavy oils like crank-case oils , mine Ž spoils and other inorganic pollutants such as Pb . or Ni added to petrol . Accidental spills or poor disposal practice at these sites would result in significant concentrations of numerous different types of both organic and inorganic contamination posing a severe threat to groundwater Ž aquifers. LNAPLs and DNAPLs petroleum liq. uids for short occur in the subsurface as pureŽ phase organic liquids, vapour phase in the va. dose zone , and in very low concentrations in the dissolved phase. The presence of dissolved organic phases in drinking water, even at the low parts per billion level, is hazardous to human health. A network of boreholes is often used to determine the spatial distribution of such contaminants before remediation operations. Boreholes are expensive, furnish poor constraints on the distribution of contaminants Ž . and hydraulic parameters , and run the risk of liberating the organic compounds or triggering further migration of pure-phase organic contaminants. The ever increasing population and the concurrent need for urban regeneration mean that some contaminated sites are increasingly being re-developed to provide for new domestic, retail, administrative and light industrial infrastructure. Current statutory regulations impose tight constraints on such developments and there is an urgent need for reliable non-intrusive methods for subsurface characterisation. Geophysical methods are established in groundwater resource evaluations and can be used to find solutions to other problems related to our natural environment such as engineering, mining, hydrogeology and natural hazards assessment and amelioration planning. They have a tremendous potential for rapid, non-intrusive evaluation of the lateral and vertical extents of the impacted volume in contaminated land as well as for mapping the geological structure of the site. Environmental geophysics is enjoying rapid growth in the present socio-political climate of increasing awareness of the effect of man's past activities on the environment. Interestingly, new technological and multi-dimensional modelling advances have brought geophysical methods close to their theoretical


A series of sub-monolayer vanadia-on-zirconia catalysts have been prepared and the activities of these have been measured for the selective reduction of NO with NH3. It has been found that the activity per vanadium surface species depends on the square of the vanadium surface coverage. We therefore conclude that clusters of vanadia species on the surface of the catalysts are responsible for the de-NO, activity rather than isolated vanadia surface molecules.


A national project for the development of Functionally Gradient Materials (FGMs), which is directed toward ex-ploiting basic technologies required for the development of super-heat-resistant materials capable of space plane applications, is in progress. The FGM is a new composite material whose composition and microstructure vary continuously from place to place in ways designed to provide it with the maximun, function of mitigating the induced thermal stress. This paper reviews the current status of the FGM program with special focus on the research activities on evaluation procedure for FGMs. In order to provide material design data and evaluate the mechanical and thermal barrier functions of FGMs, the following testing methods are being developed: (1)small punch test, (2)laser heating thermal shock test. Brief descriptions for these testing procedures and the experimental results obtained to data are given. Finally, the significance of the standardization of the testing procedures and the establishment of a material property data base are discussed for the interdisciplinary interaction among the three research groups.


The morphofunctional changes of kidneys at cholestasis of various duration in 170 patients suffered from obstructive jaundice of non-neoplastic aetiology were analyzed. Taking part in the processes of the metabolism of biologically active substances, including hormones, the liver has a regulatory effect on many kidney functions, including filtration and resorption. It was revealed that the depth of homeostatic disorders is directly dependent on the duration of cholestasis and the level of bilirubinemia in biliary obstruction, leading to significant functional and structural lesions of the kidneys. Thus, in the case of cholestasis lasting up to 10 days, there was a moderate decrease in diuresis without renal dysfunction, with 2 weeks of jaundice, both a decrease in diuresis and a moderate decrease in glomerular filtration were detected, and a fluctuation within the subnormal values of tubular reabsorption, with cholestasis 3-6 weeks, along with a pronounced decrease in diuresis, the functional ability of the kidneys were reduced. It was proved that the conducted complex conservative therapy led to stabilization of the function of the kidneys and facilitate better tolerance to the operations caused by the improving of the liver function.


The article examines the transformation of football clubs into social and sports entities in Cordoba during the interwar period. It analyzes their associative structures and material bases; the relation between sport competitiveness, economic growth and institutional expansion; and the development of other sports, social services and recreational and cultural activities. The increasing complexity and diversity of the associative framework of the clubs broaden their member´s social base of their members and favored their insertion into a logic of mass spectacle.


Abstract The aim of this research is to estimate the economic and social impacts of cruise tourism. For it, the work paper explores the boom in cruise-passenger tourism in the city of Barcelona in recent decades. After many years as a marginal source of tourism activity, cruise ships have become one of the symbols of the city's tourism development, especially since the 1992 Olympic Games. The cooperation between public and private institutions has been a key factor. The study reported here included a survey made to local residents in order to estimate the social and economic impact of cruise ship tourism. Therefore, this article examines the combination of appropriate collaboration between public and private institutions, the appropriate promotional efforts of the Barcelona Tourism consortium, and the ongoing investments made in recent years to improve the city's urban and cruise-port infrastructure. These were the fundamental elements in the spectacular surge in this type of tourism, which has positioned Barcelona as a world leader in this sector. Finally, the study shows how residents also reported the positive impact of cruisers and their passengers, wich is very important for drafting the strategic direction for cruise tourism development already under way in Barcelona.


Early detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is an important factor to reduce mortality rates and treatment success is directly related to its diagnosis at early stages. However, unfortunately, most oral carcinomas are diagnosed in late stages of the disease. This is the first study that describes an scFv fragment, selected by Phage Display against total salivary proteins, that effectively recognize antigens with diagnostic potential for early detection of oral cancer. ELISA immunoassays in 30 samples of saliva from OSCC patients and 30 healthy subjects showed that the scFv D09 recognize antigens present in tumoral samples (p <0.0001). The diagnostic test showed high discriminative power with a significant ROC curve (AUC=0.97) and 100% specificity. Imunohistochemistry tests revealed that the selected antibody also showed higher affinity to tissues related to well differentiated oral carcinomas, such as keratin pearls. The twodimensional proteomic analysis revealed that the scFv D09 recognizes two spots in saliva samples (~50 kDa; pI 5.75 e 5.86) and only one in tissue samples (~28 kDa and pI 4.68). Final characterization of the peptides sequences is under investigation through mass spectrometry. These data, although preliminary, may significantly alter the diagnosis of oral cancer, once they provide strong evidence that saliva is a powerful clinical tool for early detection through a non-invasive and highly sensitive diagnostic method.


We consider a Markov fusion-disaggregation process of 'molecules' which are linear arrangements of 'atoms'. Molecules may fuse at the ending atoms by creating a bond in between at a given rate. Each bond joining two atoms in a molecule can break so that a molecule disaggregates into two shorter molecules at another rate. We give en explicit expression for the stationary distribution of the number of molecules and the conditional distribution of their lengths given their number. We show an asymptotic normality of the distribution of the number of molecules when the number of atoms in the system grows.


【 Abstract 】 Objective To explore and analyze the nursing intervention value of ear point pressing beans combined with traditional Chinese medicine application on blood sugar control of diabetes patients. Methods 100 patients with diabetes admitted to our hospital from July 2020 to June 2021 were selected as the subjects of this study. Based on the number of admission sequences of patients, 100 patients were randomly divided into control group and observation group by random number grouping. The control group was intervened with conventional nursing mode; The observation group adopted the nursing mode of ear point pressing beans combined with traditional Chinese medicine application for intervention. The blood glucose indexes of the control group and the observation group were compared and analyzed; Insulin resistance index and nursing satisfaction. Results After nursing intervention, the blood glucose index in the observation group was higher than that in the control group; Insulin resistance index and nursing satisfaction were significantly better than those in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion In the process of intervention for patients with diabetes, the nursing mode of ear point pressing beans combined with traditional Chinese medicine application can effectively improve the patient's satisfaction with nursing, and can significantly improve the patient's blood glucose index and insulin resistance index. It has excellent effect in the process of practical application, and is worth further promotion and application.


We show that isotropic chiral materials possess an electro-optic response which is present in polymeric electro optical modulators. In isotropic media, the second order polarization leads to the electro-optic effect. The effective susceptibility is given.


The present invention relates to a method for electromagnetic wave phase and / or amplitude data is determined and a corresponding apparatus. In order to make use of such a method to obtain the image data having spatial depth resolution, according to the method of the present invention comprises the steps of: an electromagnetic wave into a bundle comprises at least one pixel on the surface of the light mixing element, at least the pixel The photosensitive modulated light having two gate G


Antisemitism was an integral part of the Weimar Republic's political culture and was widespread in society. During the 1920s, hostility towards Jews was often radical and militant, complemented by their increasing exclusion in everyday life. Right-wing anti-democrats weaponized antisemitic conspiracy myths against the Weimar Republic, defamed as the 'Jew Republic'. In Reich and state parliaments and in the party press, antisemites attempted to charge public discourses with antisemitism and, in doing so, change the unwritten rules of what could and could not be said. Dwindling republican forces largely underestimated the looming danger. The defence organizations of the German Jews, from the early 1930s, had hardly any chance against the superior numbers of the right-wing extremist movement under the leadership of the Nazi party.


Deferasirox is an orally administered, once-daily iron chelator with a generally good safety and efficacy profile. Reported adverse events in the older myelodysplastic population are somewhat different to the more intensively investigated and younger thalassaemic population. Renal impairment is the most concerning adverse event, but this is reversible if identified and the drug is withdrawn early. Gastrointestinal effects, particularly diarrhoea, can be troublesome for older patients, but can be minimized with tailored therapy. Negative iron balance can be achieved in most patients with a median dose of 20 mg/kg/day, and doses up to 40 mg/kg are possible in patients with severe iron overload, who are at risk of cardiac decompensation.


The pollen sterility,outcrossing and major agronomic characters of the DH(Double haploid) populations of Xiang 125S were investigated under low temperature(23.5℃) in the phytotron and natural climatic conditions.The results showed that the fertility of DH populations varied from one to another under the 23.5℃ low temperature conditions in phytotron.Among all tested 30 DH populations,there were 11 DH lines(36.7%) with the pollen sterility over 99.5%,and five of them(16.7%) had the pollen sterility as high as 100% with no selfed seed set,indicating that they are the DH lines with stable male sterility and low critical temperature.There were no significant differences between various DH populations and Xiang 125S(CK) in plant height,panicle length,effective panicles,spikelets per panicle and outcross setting percentage,indicating that the elite agronomic characters of Xiang 125S are preserved in DH populations.It is concluded that anther culture is an effective way to be applied in the genetic homogenization of TGMS lines in rice.


Mutation testing is a means to assess the effectiveness of a test suite and its outcome is considered more meaningful than code coverage metrics. However, despite several optimizations, mutation testing requires a significant computational effort and has not been widely adopted in industry. Therefore, we study in this paper whether test effectiveness can be approximated using a more light-weight approach. We hypothesize that a test case is more likely to detect faults in methods that are close to the test case on the call stack than in methods that the test case accesses indirectly through many other methods. Based on this hypothesis, we propose the minimal stack distance between test case and method as a new test measure, which expresses how close any test case comes to a given method, and study its correlation with test effectiveness. We conducted an empirical study with 21 open-source projects, which comprise in total 1.8 million LOC, and show that a correlation exists between stack distance and test effectiveness. The correlation reaches a strength up to 0.58. We further show that a classifier using the minimal stack distance along with additional easily computable measures can predict the mutation testing result of a method with 92.9% precision and 93.4% recall. Hence, such a classifier can be taken into consideration as a light-weight alternative to mutation testing or as a preceding, less costly step to that.


The paper regards real electrical grid as research object, and brings expert system technology into the setting calculation of relay protection on power systems. A practicable expert system has been developed successfully. Based on the routine methods of knowledge representation, two sorts of novel knowledge representation methods are presented. They are the MS-ACCESS-based production system and the MS-ACCESS-based frame representation. By these methods, the algorithm of knowledge base can be achieved easily. In this paper, we present a new idea of setting calculation that is "Rule Driving". Using this idea, inference machine and setting-calculation model are developed successfully. At the same time, a detail explanation of setting calculation process, a setting-value management system and a setting-value report according to the standard of electrical industry are acquired in this system. The expert system has been running on the 220~500kV power systems in Guangxi province.


Background  Adrenomedullin (AM) is a regulatory peptide that is synthesized and secreted by a wide number of cells and tissues. AM is a potent vasodilator, but also exerts other functions, such as regulating cell growth and antimicrobial defence. Two receptors, L1 and calcitonin receptor‐like receptor (CRLR), which are able to bind AM, have been cloned and characterized.


The magnetoelectroelastic response of an infinite magnetoelectroelastic materials containing a doubly periodic array of unequal rigid lines under antiplane mechanical load and inplane magnetoelectric load is studied. According to the periodicity and symmetry of the problem, the boundary conditions of a representative is investigated. By using of the theory of elliptic function combined with the technique of conformal mapping, the exact expression of magnetoelectroelastic field in materials is obtained.Consequently, magnetoelectroelastic effective modulus is studied by using the average field theorem. Numerical results demonstrate the variations of the magnetoelectroelastic effective modulus of such heterogeneous materials with rigid line size and distribution parameters.


This paper shows the results obtained in "A. Dacco" Corrosion Study Centre on the inhibition of iron acid corrosion by acetylenic alcohols. The improvement in the protective performances of this class of substances was obtained through base molecule modifications related to their action mechanism (i.e., initial adsorption onto the metal surface and successive polymeric layer formation). Therefore, in an attempt to favour molecular adsorption, some 3-methyl-1-butyne derivatives were modified by substituting the acetylenic hydrogen atom with halogen atoms (Cl, Br or I), while alkyn-3-ols were modified by increasing their alkyl chain length to determine the subsequent polymeric layer improvement. The presence of halo-atoms of increasing polarizability favoured the inhibiting action of 3-methyl-1-butyne derivatives to the anodic reaction, while the lengthening of the alkyl chain in alkyn-3-ols promoted a marked increase in the inhibiting effects due to the formation of a thick layer. In this latter class of substances the iodine atom significantly increased the persistence of the inhibiting action.


The following not yet published letter is a personal report for friends, colleagues, and his family, in which Pfeiffer told his first impressions after having taken up his work as head of the psychiatric unit at Patjet, Java, Indonesia in autumn 1956. The document is softly shortened from more personal notes. This report together with a selection of fotos, which he took himself in 1971 at Nias on a field survey, and put them kindfully into a foto-book, shows us even today, how deeply this man is influenced by a humanistic background. These documents were allowed for publication by his family. (ECKHARDT KOCH).


The poly(ethylene-2, 6 naphthalate) is degraded by methol, alcoholysis product-dimethol naphthalene 2, 6-dicarboxylate is filtered off from solution, the diethylene glycol(DEG) in PEN is remained in the solution and determined by Gas chromatograph


I n 1992, a case-control study by Golding et al.' of 33 infants with childhood cancer and 99 matched controls suggested a causal relationship between the intramuscular administration of vitamin K to newborns and the subsequent development of the cancer. Not surprisingly, this has caused concern in many parts of the world, since such use of vitamin K was widespread as a prophylactic measure against both early and late forms of haemorrhagic disease of the newborn. As a result of Golding's report, the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) recommended in December 1992 that all healthy full term infants should receive three oral doses of vitamin K (I mg) instead of a single intramuscular dose. Infants who are born prematurely, or who are are unwell or unable to tolerate or absorb the oral preparation, should receive a smaller (0.1 mg) dose intramuscularly followed by two further doses of 0.1 mg intramuscularly or 1 mg orally.


Structural integrity is a key ingredient of aircraft design. It takes its place alongside flight performance, operational effectiveness, reliability, maintainability and economy in determining, or contributing in very large measure to, the success of a project in service. What is expected from the contractor for a new project in respect of these qualities is set down by the customer in a specification which includes reference to a set of mandatory design requirements. Thus, flight performance parameters such as speed, range and payload, are defined in the specification : there too is to be found a description of the sorties to be flown, numbers and types of manoeuvres and their severity (conventionally including the levels of normal acceleration) and the regions in which the aircraft is required to operate. Sufficient detail is given to establish, as the process of design evolves, the loading and environmental conditions to which the structure will be subjected.


Hosta ventricosa(Liliaceae) is an ornamental plant used both outdoor and indoor.As a medicinal plant,it is used to treat hematemesis,metrorrhagia and metrostaxis,exceptional leucorrhea,sore throat,stomachache,toothache and so on.Hosta plants mainly contain steroid saponins,flavonoids and alkaloids.To understand and use H.ventricosa integratively,its chemical constituents were investigated by D101 macroporous resin,Sephadex LH-20,and silica gel column chromatography,and semi-preparative HPLC.The isolated compounds were identified by spectroscopic data.Six compounds,namely α-hydroxyacetovanillone(1),7-hydroxycoumarin(2),trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid(3),(25R)-2α,3β-dihydroxy-5α-spirost-9(11)-en-12-one(4),(25R)-2α,3β-dihydroxy-5α-spirost-9(11)-en-12-one 3-O-{O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-galactopryranoside}(5),and(25R)-3β-hydroxy-5α-spirost-9(11)-en-12-one 3-O-{O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-galactopryranoside}(6),were isolated and identified from 70% methanol extracts of the plant.All of the compounds were found from this plant for the first time.


ABSTRACT Introduction: Cement spacers with antibiotics can be fixed or articulating, with similar results in eradicating infection. Our objective was to compare joint range of motion (ROM) and functional outcomes after reimplantation. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study of patients who had undergone a knee prosthetic revision due to infection in two surgical stages. Functionality was analyzed according to the Knee Society Score (KSS) one year after surgery and ROM was recorded 45 days after surgery. Bone defect, pain, satisfaction, complications, and recurrence of infection were recorded. Results: A total of 103 patients were included. 40 with articulating spacers and 63 with fixed spacers. The articulating spacer group presents a median of 2.5 degrees greater in final mobility (102.5 IQR 95-110 vs 100 IQR 90-105, p 0.01). The KSS functional scale and KSS of the knee did not show differences between the two groups. There were no differences concerning satisfaction, pain, and time until reimplantation. Complications were similar in both groups, with a reinfection rate without statistically significant differences. Conclusion: Articulating spacers have shown a benefit in ROM after prosthetic reimplantation.


The main characteristics of the assimilation apparatus of Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris Z.) undergrowth, growing under the crown cover of mother tree stands subjected to renewal cuttings of different intensity, have been analyzed. It has been found that under the conditions of forest-steppe subzone of pine and birch tree forests the renewal cuttings are an effective method to rejuvenate the mature and overmatured pine tree stands. The number of methods and renewal cuttings intensity depend on the taxational indices of pine tree stands. It is proved that the regeneration cuttings contribute to pine undergrowth accumulation and to the formation of highly productive young trees in the future. The more intensive the regeneration felling, the more certain is the increment of pine needles medium length and of the 1g of raw needles surface. The conditions created in the process of renewal cuttings are conducive to improvement of the morphometric values of the pine undergrowth assimilation apparatus and to certain increase of the share of viable undergrowth.


Abstract The promising results of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) over the past two decades indicate an expansion of the patient cohort toward patients with intermediate or low surgical risk. Since some complications of TAVR have already been minimized, subclinical leaflet thrombosis (SLT) has gained importance in recent years. SLT is manifested by a thrombotic layer on the prosthetic leaflets that gradually reduces leaflet motion. The resulting decrease in functionality of the TAVR causes a need for re-intervention. The origin of SLT and approaches to prevent SLT are still unexplored. For this reason, we have developed an in silicomodel that can be used during the design development process of TAVR devices to estimate the thrombosis risk of the implant. Based on passive scalar transport, hemodynamic metrics are used to quantify platelet activation and aggregation which are associated with the formation of thrombosis. In conjunction with a numerical simulation model considering the fluid-structure interaction between the blood mimicking fluid and the TAVR implanted in an aortic root, the thrombosis risk can be modeled. The simulation model can be used to calculate the three-dimensional flow structures within the native sinus and neo-sinus and also provides the ability to derive metrics to assess the risk of thrombosis. We demonstrated that this in silicomodel is a time-effective tool to assess thrombosis risk in TAVR product development.


Transport sector has an important role in all economic countries, especially marine ports that represent the backbone of any country and it has lot of beneficial effect on development process. The economic impact of port sector is usually measured by lot of indicators for example value addition and employment. But in this paper, I argue for increased attention by maritime economists to review, analyze , and summarized port efficiency by using DEAP(Data Envelopment Analysis Programs). This analysis is made by compiling input & output table collected from statistical report. The author has used DEA program to measure ports efficiency by suggesting some constraints on inputs and outputs. The efficiency is determined through division of weights of sum of outputs to the sum of inputs, where we assume the weights of inputs and outputs are greater than zero. In the case of the Saudi Arabian ports and their efficiency , the results show that Jazan port is considered inefficient plus most of the ports are also inefficient. The study tries to suggest some benefits provided the government is interested to develop and apply them. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2016.v7n3s1p320


The article discusses the process of strengthening the human
rights treaty bodies. This mechanism consists of treaty-based
committees whose aim is to contribute to human rights
protection in states parties without regional restrictions,
i.e. on the universal level. The paper analyzes the
deficiencies of the mechanism in which the low rate of states
parties' cooperation with the treaty bodies plays a very
important role. Furthermore, it discusses the proposals to
improve the functioning of the system from the 2006 reform
proposal to merge all the committees into one full-time body,
then the 'treaty body strengthening process' initiated in 2009
and finally an intergovernmental process within the UN General
Assembly operating from 2012. It further evaluates the final
outcome of the process in the form of the General Assembly
resolution of April 2014. Although this document indeed
includes several beneficial measures, it does not provide for
implementing the 'comprehensive reporting calendar' which would
have the real potential to decrease the states'
non-cooperation. The article therefore concludes that within
the long-lasting negotiations, what was originally supposed to
be a 'reform' was moderated into a 'strengthening'; moreover,
the strengthening itself has later been further weakened. As a
result, only a very compromised outcome has been achieved and
major challenges will therefore have to be addressed in the
future.


This article examines the difficult course of life of formation of the great anatomist of the 17th century Frederik Ruysch. It the beginning, Frederik was fond of botany and studied as a druggist in the Hague. During this period he had had a keen interest in anatomy prompted by a number of discoveries in this area. Having become a druggist, he devoted much time to anatomic research and came to a conclusion about the need of receiving a medical education. He studied medicine in Leiden. Ruysch received a doctor's degree when he was 26. He became the master of public human anatomical dissections. He acquired brilliantly the techniques of embalming anatomical preparations. As a talented anatomist he was invited as a teacher in the University of Amsterdam where he continued to improve manufacturing techniques of anatomic preparations. Ruysch collected a private unique collection which became very popular not only in Holland, but also in all Europe. Thus, having passed a long way, Ruysch became one of great anatomists of that time.


The authors investigated four spelling scoring metrics: total words correct, correct letter sequences, correct sounds, and phonological coding scoring (developed by Tangel and Blachman) across two studies with children in kindergarten. The relationships between spelling scores and measures of reading, phonological awareness, and writing skills were studied. The scores from each metric were highly correlated. There were moderate to strong relationships between each spelling score and word reading, phonological awareness, letter name fluency, nonsense word fluency, and writing skills. Additionally, each spelling metric was sensitive to growth across 2-month intervals. The results suggest that these scoring metrics provide an equivalent index of spelling skill at a single assessment point and that phonological coding is most sensitive to growth over time.


The influence of temperature, vibration time, amplitude, and other factors on the residual stress release effect was studied using the method of low-temperature heating and high-frequency ultrasonic vibration, and excellent control parameters were obtained. In addition, the influence of cutting weld reinforcement on the residual stress release was also studied. The results demonstrate that the highest relative residual stress release rate was 280.29%, the average release was over 150 MPa, and the efficiency was higher than that of the general stress release methods. After cutting the reinforcement, only a small part of residual stress was released, influencing the overall residual stress distribution relatively little. The experimental material was a butt-welded 316L stainless steel plate μ-X360s diffractometer, and this was used for measuring the residual stress.


In the 64th Cardiology Session of the American College of Cardiology, held in March 2015 in California, the opening lecture was given by Dr. Abraham Verghese, certainly not known for his publications in cardiology journals. By reading a poem, this professor of Internal Medicine at Stanford University discussed the relationship between science and literature, encouraging the cardiologists to entertain a unique moment of deep thinking about the work and the daily connection of medical professionals with the hearts of patients.


This article focuses on the reality of underprivileged students who aim to enter Higher Education through their participation on a tuition-free "prep course" organized within the city of Sao Paulo. Firstly, the text evidences the internalization of dispositions, among these students, towards the prolongation of their educational trajectories through their taking part in the selection processes for accessing public Higher Education. Secondly, nevertheless, I argue that key aspects of their socialization and schooling trajectories lead to inadequacies and barriers between their incorporated dispositions and the exigences of such modes of selection


Flow cytometric nuclear DNA analysis was performed on paraffin‐embedded tissue samples taken from 184 patients with pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma treated between 1960 and 1987. The Hedley technique was used for measurement of nuclear DNA content. Thirty‐five percent of the tumors were DNA diploid, 33% showed a DNA tetraploid pattern, and 32% had DNA aneuploid pattern. Familial pheochromocytoma and associated endocrine or neoplastic disorders were more common among patients with DNA nondiploid tumors. Eighty‐four percent of the tumors that invaded blood vessels and all patients with regional or distant metastases had tumors classified as DNA tetraploid or DNA aneuploid. Of 22 patients who had disease progression, 21 (95%) had tumors with abnormal DNA ploidy pattern (P < 0.001). All 12 patients who died of cancer‐related disease had abnormal DNA ploidy; none of the patients with DNA diploid tumor (n = 64) have died of pheochromocytoma (P < 0.01). These results suggest that nuclear DNA ploidy pattern is an important and independent prognostic variable for patients with pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma. Cancer 1992; 69:2683‐2687.


In this article we aimed to cover the language features of one of the manifestations of Uzbek literature – Omon Muxtor's works in the interpretation of myths.


Applications of the human factors and ergonomics (HFE) approach in the healthcare domain have largely targeted the work of healthcare professionals. Here, we argue for the importance of targeting the work of patients and their lay caregivers, a relatively underdeveloped approach we call patient-engaged HFE. A multi-method study of the barriers to the self-care work of elderly chronic heart failure patients (N=27) and caregivers (N=11) illustrates the approach. Analyses of interview data using a macroergonomic Work System framework revealed a large variety of barriers unique to patient work as well as to CHF self-care. The most common person-related barriers were physical limitations and knowledge gaps. Task-related barriers included medication complexity and side-effects. Tool and technology barriers included lack of or overdependence on aids. Context barriers were organizational (e.g., no indoor gyms), social (e.g., sodiumrich food culture), and physical-environmental (e.g., stairs). Findings motivate further applying HFE concepts and methods (e.g., workload, decision support, distributed cognition, resilience) to patient work.


Liver is involved in several vital functions such as synthesis, secretion, storage and metabolism of plasma proteins and in detoxifying functions. In the present study, hepatocytes were obtained by disaggregation of caprine liver caudate lobe. The cells were cultured under controlled conditions in a CO 2 incubator at different temperatures. The function of hepatocyte culture was evaluated in terms of secretion of albumin, urea and acitivity of Lactate dehydrogenase. Cells were cultured at three different temperatures, i.e. 37, 40 and 42 o C, and at each temperature, the culture was propagated for 24,48 and 72h time interval respectively. At 37 o C, the concentration of albumin and urea increased in the culture temporally where as activity of LDH decreased by 72h. The least square mean (LSM) concentration of albumin, urea in culture decreased and activity of LDH increased significantly (P<0.01) at 40 and 42 o C, when compared with respective values at 37 o C. Hence effect of thermal stress(40 and 42 o C) on activity of hepatocyte antioxidant enzymes ( super oxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase) and TGF β secretion in vitro was further evaluated. It was observed that there was significant increase (P<0.01) in the activity of the antioxidant enzymes . The LSM activity of all the enzymes increased significantly at 40 and 42 o C when compared with the enzyme activity at 37 o C, but increase in the secretion of TGF β could be observed only at 42 o C post 48h of incubation. TGF β is associated with apoptosis and cytotoxicity. It was observed that viability of the cells decreased significantly (P<0.05) only at 42 o C post 48h of incubation. It can be concluded that hyperthermic conditions were observed to be stressful for hepatocytes during in vitro conditions, which proved to be more significant at 42 o C post 48h of incubation. Further work has to be carried out with some supplements which can reduce the hyperthermic effect. In vivo studies in caprine species will give further insight on thermal stress. To the best of our knowledge no studies on hyperthermic effect on hepatocytes in caprine species in vitro or in vivo has been reported.


The main objectives of the ESCAP project: Study on the Impact and Efficiency of Family Planning Programs are to test the methodology for measuring the impact of family planning programs and develop a measure of efficiency which could be used by program administrators for quick adjustments in program management. This report concludes that the number of workers doctors family welfare visitors and family welfare centers are going to be the important predictors for areal variation in family planning program performances regardless of the socioecomic factors in Bangladesh. Until the late 1970s the number of doctors available and % of female literacy could significantly explain the macro level areal variation in total fertility rate much more than the other types of family planning program and non-program factors. The study shows the limitations of input-output ratios as the appropriate measure of program performance. The efficiency-index proposed in this study appears to have worked better as it takes into account socioeconomic and other factors that may create the areal variation in program inputs.


Organizational learning is known to be a key to organizational performance. This paper builds on prior research and shows that no single task structure is ideal for all situations. Task elements such as the number of inputs, the decision function, feedback, missing information, and information sharing are among those elements which have a significant impact on the learning process. In addition, the timeframe is also important, with some task structures being better suited for rapid learning (but having a lower long-term potential for learning) while others are better for learning in the long run. The present study leaves some questions still unanswered, but it gives guidance as to possible future steps in developing a better understanding of the choices among the various task designs.


This article promotes a reflection about sociolinguistic questions regarding language variation and linguistic stigmatization in teaching and learning Portuguese and German, in bilingual communities with German-Portuguese contact. This reflection is rooted in Sociolinguistics, specifically in studies about bilingualism, linguistic policy, language variation, and mostly in studies about linguistic attitudes and prejudices, and discusses the social and pedagogical implications of the values and models of prestige in the communities. It discusses questions regarding linguistic policy towards immigration languages, in particular German varieties, and the establishment of linguistic attitudes and beliefs. To conclude, it discusses some of the social and pedagogical implications of the existing discrepancy between maintaining current linguistic patterns on one side, and inter and intralanguage variation and social bilingualism on the other side, as well as linguistic stigmatization and linguistic attitudes and prejudices in teaching and learning Portuguese and German. The analysis points to educational and identity conflicts which are reflected in speakers' attitudes of solidarity or linguistic differentiation regarding the use and rating of language variation, as well as in the treatment dispensed to the linguistic features of their communities. Key words: language teaching and learning, bilingualism, linguistic policy, language variation, linguistic attitudes and prejudices.


Occupational stress has been constantly rising among academics in universities globally, which affects their health and well-being. Although some studies reviewed occupational stress in academics, there has been less systematic evidence reviewed occupational stress of academic staff through the lens of the Transactional Model of Stress and Coping (TTSC). This integrative review aims to search, extract, appraise and synthesise recent evidence relating to occupational stress, coping strategies, health, and well-being of university academic staff. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) methodology provides a structure for searching and reporting the search outcomes. Primary studies relating to occupational stress, coping strategies, health, and well-being of academics in university published from 2010 onwards were selected from five databases, CINAHL, ERIC, PsycINFO, SCOPUS, and Web of Science in June 2020. Keywords included "stress", "coping strategy", "health", "well-being", "academics" and "university" in various combinations. The boolean operators "AND" and "OR" were also used. 17 out of 682 articles were included in this review. Most studies reported academics experienced moderate to high level of stress, and the heavy workload was one of the main stressors. Both positive and negative coping methods were used by academics to cope with stress. Occupational stress can contribute to poor mental health and decreased well-being of academics. This review can help to understand the work phenomenon of university academics and improve their health and well-being, which in turn can contribute to satisfaction and productivity within the educational institutes.


The vegetation changes in the area of the Russian part of the Lake Baikal water basin for the period 2010–2018 were investigated using MCD12C1 land cover. The decline in swamp systems area began in 2012 and continued until 2015, after which it partially recovered during the heavy rain season in 2018. During the period of 2010–2018, the area covered by forests did not exceed 20.3% of the Baikal basin of the total portion of the Baikal basin under study. Deforestation began in 2013 and continued until 2017. Over 2013–2018, the forest level decreased by 12.1% compared to the forest state in 2013. The analysis of summer rainfalls and aridity indexes was performed by using CRU TS and GPCC climatic datasets. It is shown that the interannual variations of precipitation and aridity changes are determined by the variability of the global circulation of moist air masses. The MCD64A1 (burned area) and MCD14ML (active fires) MODIS products were used for investigation of the influence of wildfires on vegetation changes. The spatial hotspot distributions and burned areas in general correspond to aridity zones, but they cannot explain the 20-fold increase in the number of wildfires. Most of the hotspot locations are away from settlements, roads, and loggings, in difficult-to-access mountainous areas, as well as in the low-inhabited areas of Siberia. We assume that the nature of such ignitions includes dry thunderstorms, pyrocumulus lightning, or remote impact.


A sonicated dispersion of the lipid A analog, E5531 was freeze-dried in the presence of various additives such as saccharides and polyalchols and their cryoprotective effects were investigated. Fusion of the vesicles was measured by determining fluorescence energy transfer and size distribution. The ability of the additives as cryoprotectants was varied. The addition of polyalcohols led to considerable fusion. Although monosaccharides, similar to disaccharides, completely prevented the fusion of the vesicles during lyophilization, they showed far less ability to retain the entrapped calcein of the vesicles compared to disaccharides. Differential scanning calorimetry heating profiles of vesicles that had been lyophilized with various additives were obtained. Disaccharides and monosaccharides again markedly differed in the thermal properties. This variety in cryoprotective ability can be attributed to differences in the extent of their interaction with the E5531 head group.


Use of an inorganic material to form a hydrogen cation, when contacted with an aqueous medium, for the achievement of antimicrobial effect. - ACTIVITY : Antimicrobial. - MECHANISM OF ACTION : None given.


Multi-agent system fits to the distributed and open internet environments. In a multi-agent system, agents must cooperate with each other through a coordination procedure, when the conflicts between agents arise. Where those are caused by the point that each action acts for a purpose separately without coordination. But previous researches for coordination methods in multi-agent system have a deficiency that they cannot solve correctly the cooperation problem between agents, which have different goals in dynamic environment. In this paper, we suggest the automatic coordination model for multi-agent system using neural network and reinforcement learning in dynamic environment. We have competitive experiment between multi-agents that have complexity environment and diverse activity. And we analysis and evaluate effect of activity of multi-agents. The results show that the proposed method is proper.


The synthesis of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by the chemical vapour deposition (CVD) method using natural calcite from Anadara granosa shells as the metal catalyst support was studied. Hexane and iron (Fe) were used as the carbon precursor and the active component of the catalyst, respectively. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD) was used to optimise the effect of total iron loading, the duration of reaction, and reaction temperature. The optimal conditions were total iron loading of 7.5%, a reaction time of 45 min, and a temperature of 850°C with a resulting carbon yield of 131.62%. Raman spectra, field-emission-scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses showed that the CNTs were of the multiwalled type (MWNTs).


We define image quality by how accurately an observer, human or otherwise, can perform a given task, such as determining to which class an image belongs. For detection tasks, the Bayesian ideal observer is the best observer, in that it sets an upper bound for observer performance, summarized by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. However, the use of this observer is frequently infeasible because of unknown image statistics, whose estimation is computationally costly. As a result, a channelized ideal observer (CIO) was investigated to reduce the dimensionality of the data, yet approximate the performance of the ideal observer. Previously investigated channels include Laguerre Gauss (LG) channels and channels via the singular value decomposition of the given linear system (SVD). Though both types are highly efficient for the ideal observer, they nevertheless have the weakness that they may not be as efficient for general detection tasks involving complex/realistic images; the former is particular to the signal and background shape, and the latter is particular to the system operator. In this work, we attempt to develop channels that can be applied to a system with any signal and background type and without knowledge of any characteristics of the system. The method used is a partial least squares algorithm (PLS), in which channels are chosen to maximize the squared covariance between images and their classes. Preliminary results show that the CIO with PLS channels outperforms one with either the LG or SVD channels and very closely approximates ideal-observer performance.


Rayleigh wave input method is proposed based on Viscous-Spring Boundaries. The dynamic response of a tunnel during propagation of Rayleigh wave is studied using the proposed method, and the influence of depth is investigated in detail. Numerical analysis results show good accuracy of the wave motion input method and large effect of Rayleigh wave on the dynamic response of shallow underground structures. If structural depth D is larger than a critical depth D0, the influence of Rayleigh wave on dynamic response will reduce with the increase in burial depth; otherwise the influence is governed by the property of Rayleigh wave. The influence of depth on underground structures in nuclear explosion tests is briefly introduced, the results of which show good agreement with the analyzed ones using the proposed method.


I don't know what compelled me last winter to drive to Santa Fe and walk through the remnants of a World War II internment camp. Was it a suspicion of something more or a dare that it shouldn't be done? Either way, it was awkward. New Mexico is my childhood home, where I learned the world, and one does not tend to question the place of first belonging. And whatever the reason for going, I know this much: my impulses had everything to do with the same age-old questions that befuddled our nation following the 9/11 tragedy—who are we, and what does danger look like?


In recent years, the increasing Japanese-American trade volume reflects the importance of effective business negotiations. Therefore, this study provides an overview of cross-cultural differences and their meaning in Japanese-American business negotiations. Particularly, it focuses on factors which influence establishing relationships between the negotiation parties such as long-term vs. short-term perspectives as well as the role of cross-cultural preparation, time for the negotiation process, development of trust, size of the negotiation team, and negotiation techniques. Based on a comparative framework of these factors, this study describes an adaptive approach for Americans, emphasizing the importance of establishing a relationship between both negotiation parties before discussing task-related issues. As an application, the meaning of this approach for JapaneseAmerican trade negotiations is discussed. Finally, limitations and unanswered questions as well as future research possibilities are pointed out.


In order to satisfy the desired Qos level associated with each existing connection, ATM networks require traffic policing during a connection. Users who respect the contract should receive the function of transparent traffic policing without any interruption. However, contract violations should be detected and mediated immediately. So we propose a CAM type policing controller to allow user cell streams to minimize additional delay. The proposed policing scheme controls policing actions including traffic shaping by suitably spacing cells on each virtual circuits. This policing action is based on parallel processing of multiple cell stream which arrive in ATM multiplexed virtual circuits. We have developed an analytical model of the proposed policing scheme to examine the amount of cell loss and delay, which depends on traffic load, the size of policing buffers and minimum spacing cell time.


Since cell surface gangliosides have been implicated in the regulation of cell growth and differentiation and since tumor-promoting phorbol esters produce a number of membrane changes, the possibility was investigated that ganglioside changes may play a role in promotion of transformation in JB6 mouse epidermal cells. The studies showed that tumor-promoting but not non-promoting phorbol esters produced decreased precursor incorporation into disialoganglioside GD1b and an unknown ganglioside, Gx. These ganglioside responses to promoters were antagonized by the antipromoter retinoic acid, thus suggesting that alterations in ganglioside levels may be involved in promotion of transformation.


In recent years, with the rapid development of satellite remote sensing technology, the obtainable remote sensing data has been increasing at striking rate. However, because of heterogeneous storage, resources of different stations and domains can't be operated mutually and shared. Integration of semantic WEB service and remote sensing information processing can help to solve these problems. On the one hand, the remote sensing information processing service provides the function of on-line processing, which can realize dynamic transferring with the help of web; on the other hand, the semantic information introduces semantic-based service description and reasoning, which makes WEB services automatic. So building a semantic service environment by combining the advantages of these two respects and conducting service-oriented research into semantic service description and reasoning can provide richer and better services for the users. This article mainly discusses classification of remote sensing information processing service, semantic description of the ontology-based service, and development and implementation of the service. * email@example.com; phone:86-13517101603


An axisymmetric formulation is employed to examine convective heat transfer from a sphere in a traveling sound wave. Time-dependent thermal displacement and induced transient flows are found to increase the minimum value for transient heat transfer significantly above the pure conduction limit. Transient effects are found to cause significant differences when compared to a quasi-steady analysis in the determination of transient convection. General trends are found for a range of low Strouhal and Reynolds numbers.


point here. But emphasizing that emotions are (also) defined through historical and social constructions does not necessarily imply that people can change these easily at will. Much social constructivist work is precisely about showing how we are powerfully constrained by constructions. Furthermore, I agree with Hewitt's point that Barbalet seems to create an unnecessary opposition between cultural and symbolic interactionist approaches that show how understandings of emotions are formed and a structural approach that conceives social relations of status and power as a principal activating context of emotional responses. This book will have realized its possible success if it prepares to investigation. Barbalet states in his introduction. Clearly written, cogently argued it will have good chances to do so. Sociologists of varied specialization now have no excuse not to consider at least applying an emotion perspective to their subject of study.


Introduction: Accurate B1 mapping still lacks the desired speed of a fast adjustment scan. This holds particularly true for mapping the RF fields of transmit (TX) array coils where the scan time is not only kept long by the number of coil elements. Also the large dynamic ranges of such B1 field distributions generated by local TX array coils challenge B1 mapping. Areas of high B1 amplitude typically require time consuming acquisition strategies in order to encode the B1 field independently of T1 or T2 contrast. Areas of low B1 amplitudes typically suffer from poor noise figures of the B1 encoding. The acquisition of relative B1 maps from a set of FLASH images seems to be a practical way to get rather quickly and robustly B1 maps with a high sensitivity to low B1. Therefore, one or more additional flip angle maps are needed to estimate the common spatial TX efficiency weighting of the relative maps to yield the final quantitative B1 maps [1,2]. However, this hybrid B1 mapping method has a limited sensitivity range towards larger flip angles as it makes explicit use of the linearity between signal intensity and B1 amplitude. The goal of this study is to leverage the benefits of relative B1 mapping in the low flip angle regime to extend the sensitivity range of any quantitative B1 mapping method towards low B1 values. The requirements on quantitative B1 mapping techniques are relaxed and the validity of the low tip assumption for relative B1 maps are ensured based on measured data.


Since most of the easy hydrocarbon reservoirs have been found, accurate sub-surface imaging for oil and gas exploration and production is crucial. Seismic data can provide a band-limited reconstruction of impedance contrasts between different rock formations as well as a subsurface velocity model. Current compute power allows for the use of the full acoustic wave equation for seismic imaging and processing. Least-squares data fitting is an obvious approach but may provide the wrong answer because of local minima in the cost function caused by the absence of low frequencies in the data. An alternative formulation is based on extended images that invokes action at distance to make up for errors in the estimated subsurface velocity model. The action at distance is accomplished by a subsurface shift and the correct model should focus amplitudes at zero shift. The related cost function penalizes image amplitudes at non-zero shift. It has a large basin of attraction but loses its sharpness closer to the minimum. A new formulation is proposed – motivated by high-frequency asymptotic analysis – that provides better results on synthetic and real seismic data and is less sensitive to imaging artifacts.


It is important for improve the reliability and scientificity of decision-making to fuse the result of evaluation.As traditional compatibility degree maximizer model fusing evaluation results,usually supposing all evaluation results correct,but the fact isn't as this.Aiming at the localization of traditional compatibility degree maximum,this paper advances an improved compatibility degree maximizer model based on compatibility degree clustering.An example indicates the improved model can more effectively fuses evaluation result of evaluation methods than traditional model.


The invention discloses a heat pipe technology based organic Rankine cycle low-temperature exhaust heat power generating system, and belongs to the field of low-temperature exhaust heat utilization engineering. The system comprises an organic Rankine cycle sub system, a heat accumulation sub system and a liquid storage sub system. The system, on the one hand, can implement the low-temperature exhaust heat power generating requirement, can improve the energy utilization ratio, and can reduce environment pollution, and on the other hand, can meet the vibration requirement for electric power by users maximally. Compared with the common organic Rankine cycle low-temperature exhaust heat power generating system, the heat pipe and heat accumulation technology is added for the system, the cycle working media are wet fluid or dry fluid organic working media, and the heat pipe technology based organic Rankine cycle low-temperature exhaust heat power generating system has the characteristics of simple system structure, high running efficiency, low investment cost, high reliability, high adaptability, good stability and the like.


Abstract Prepolymer technology is a relatively new science in which polymer structures of any desired type are built from partially polymerized liquid resins containing reactive functional groups. Well over one hundred low molecular weight polymers and crosslinking agents are currently available commercially. The first examples were the liquid phenolic casting resins which appeared in the mid 1930's. Unsaturated polyester-styrene mixtures were available by 1945 followed shortly by the epoxide resins and the liquid polysulfides. Today the chemist or engineer can chose among a wide assortment of liquid polymers: Polymer chain : Polyester, polyether, polyamide, polysulfide, polybutadiene, polyisobutylene Reactive group: Carboxyl, hydroxyl, sulfhydryl, amine, epoxide, isocyanate, olefin These liquid polymers may be separated into two types: those in which the reactive groups are randomly distributed along the backbone chain and those in which the functional groups are located at the ends of the chains. It is ...


This popular small fruit bears plenty of berries that are delightful when eaten fresh, used in pies, muffins, or pancakes, or added as a fruit topping for breakfast cereals. Also, blueberry plants add beauty to the landscape when grown in beds, rows or as a hedge along the property border. Blueberry-growing presents a challenge because the plants require soils that are acid, well-drained, loose and high in organic matter. These types of soils are not common in most areas of the state. However, blueberry plants can be very long-lived (25 years or more), so the considerable time and expense in preparing the soil is well worth the effort.


The invention relates to the field of medical compounds, in particular to a novel oxazolidinone compound, an enantiomer, a diastereoisomer, a raceme, a mixture of the enantiomer, the diastereoisomer and the raceme, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, a preparing method and a purpose thereof as a bioactivator in medicine. The compound has high anticoagulating activity, in addition, the activity of thrombin is not influenced, and the bleeding risk can be reduced. Pharmaceutical experiments prove that the compound provided by the invention also has ideal metabolism characteristics, and the oral bioavailability is much better than that of positive control medicine, rivaroxaban.


Time-of-flight neutron diffraction measurements were carried out on pure liquid water in the high-Q region and at high temperatures between 25 and 200°C. The observed data at high scattering angle ...


This paper presents a method based on Adaboost algorithm for pedestrians detection.Adaboost algorithm can con-struct a strong classifier by combining a series of weak classifiers through some rules fastly and accurately,then cascaded classifier could be obtained by cascading existing strong classifiers.The method of using Adaboost algorithm in vehicle de-tection has faster speed and higher correctness than most of the existing methods in the experiments.


Introduction Palliative care adds expertise in symptom management, care planning, establishing treatment goals, and provides emotional support to patients and their families. However, identifying patients who are appropriate for this additional layer of care is often difficult. At the Penn State Hershey Medical Center, an Electronic Palliative Care Screening Tool was implemented to identify patients who are appropriate for palliative care consultation in the adult medical population.


The invention relates to maritime alarm equipment for personal use. Aiming at the technical problem of the prior laggard rescue means of implementers, the invention provides maritime personal emergency position indicating tracking equipment and a positioning method thereof so as to conveniently discover people falling in water by rescuers and improve the success rate of rescue. The maritime personal emergency position indicating tracking equipment is characterized in that: the maritime personal emergent position indicating tracking equipment mainly comprises a personal portable beacon set anda ship/airplane-borne search machine, wherein the search machine sends a query signal, and after receiving the query signal, the beacon set carried by the people falling in the water sends a radio beacon signal so as to provide the azimuth and distance information of the person falling in the water for the rescuers; the rescuers determine the position of the person falling in the water quickly through the azimuth and distance of the beacon signal measured by the search machine so as to improve the success rate of the rescue greatly, speed up the rescue process and change the current situations of long time and poor effect of the search and rescue due to naked-eye observation.


Image Steganography is the art of hiding information into a cover image. Our approach involves Image steganography based on DCT AND DWT, where DCTDWT is used to transform original image (cover image) from spatial domain to frequency domain. The objective of steganography is hiding the embedded message into the cover image such that the existence of embedded message in the cover image is imperceptible to the human beings. In this paper we worked on quality of stego-image by working out on psnr, mse, capacity, computational time.


One of the most common requirements of a multiphase flow analysis is the prediction of the energy gains and losses as the flow proceeds through the pipes, valves, pumps, and other components that make up an internal flow system. In this chapter we will attempt to provide a few insights into the physical processes that influence these energy conversion processes in a mul-tiphase flow. The literature contains a plethora of engineering correlations for pipe friction and some data for other components such as pumps. This chapter will provide an overview and some references to illustrative material, but does not pretend to survey these empirical methodologies. As might be expected, frictional losses in straight uniform pipe flows have been the most widely studied of these energy conversion processes and so we begin with a discussion of that subject, focusing first on disperse or nearly disperse flows and then on separated flows. In the last part of the chapter, we consider multiphase flows in pumps, in part because of the ubiquity of these devices and in part because they provide a second example of the multiphase flow effects in internal flows. We begin with a discussion of disperse horizontal flow. There exists a substantial body of data relating to the frictional losses or pressure gradient, (−dp/ds), in a straight pipe of circular cross-section (the coordinate s is measured along the axis of the pipe). Clearly (−dp/ds) is a critical factor in the design of many systems, for example slurry pipelines. Therefore a substantial data base exists for the flows of mixtures of solids and water 196


ABSTRACT The need for land for tourism in Bali makes the government want to reclaim Benoa Bay. Rejection of Benoa Bay reclamation is a social phenomenon that occurs in Balinese society. Based on the results of the study, the reason Bali people reject reclamation because it has an impact on social aspects, cultural customs and the environment and solutions to conflicts that occur due to the refusal of Benoa Bay reclamation requires clear policies related to land regulation resulting from reclamation that have no negative impact on cultural and environmental customs in Bali


Problem Statement We will investigate eye-movement based active calibration for eye tracking. The first step in our plan is to establish the type of eye movement used in the Pupil Lab eye trackers. We will then modify the existing calibration method based on research on eye movement types and accuracy. Our goal is to find out if other calibration methods can be more effective than the current calibration technique used by Pupil Labs. We will implement our calibration using Pupil Labs's Oculus Rift DK2 Binocular Add-on Cup with the Oculus 2DK using Pupil Lab's open source documentation in Unity.


Abstract Dietary intake during pregnancy may influence child neurodevelopment and cognitive function. This study aims to investigate the associations between dietary patterns obtained in pregnancy and intelligence quotients (IQ) among offspring at 8 years of age. Pregnant women enrolled in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children completed a food frequency questionnaire at 32 weeks' gestation (n = 12,195). Dietary patterns were obtained by cluster analysis. Three clusters best described women's diets during pregnancy: "fruit and vegetables," "meat and potatoes," and "white bread and coffee." The offspring's IQ at 8 years of age was assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. Models, using variables correlated to IQ data, were performed to impute missing values. Linear regression models were employed to investigate associations between the maternal clusters and IQ in childhood. Children of women who were classified in the meat and potatoes cluster and white bread and coffee cluster during pregnancy had lower average verbal (β = −1.74; p < .001 and β = −3.05; p < .001), performance (β = −1.26; p = .011 and β = −1.75; p < .001), and full‐scale IQ (β = −1.74; p < .001 and β = −2.79; p < .001) at 8 years of age when compared to children of mothers in the fruit and vegetables cluster in imputed models of IQ and all confounders, after adjustment for a wide range of known confounders including maternal education. The pregnant women who were classified in the fruit and vegetables cluster had offspring with higher average IQ compared with offspring of mothers in the meat and potatoes cluster and white bread and coffee cluster.


This study examines the predictive power of accounting fraud allegations by activist short-sellers. Importantly, only 30% of the allegations are later confirmed. Thus, I also examine costs imposed by unconfirmed allegations. Although there is a high rate of unconfirmed allegations, activist short-sellers still provide the strongest signal that a firm has committed accounting fraud relative to other fraud predictors. Further, these allegations help improve the efficacy of the legal system as securities class actions containing allegations similar to those of activist short-sellers are more likely to settle. Unconfirmed fraud allegations impose some costs on targeted firms as they increase non-meritorious litigation risk and audit fees, but the costs are not significant enough to affect profitability. Further, unconfirmed fraud allegations temporarily depress prices and increase information asymmetry, thus negatively affecting capital markets. Overall, the findings suggest that executives' concerns regarding false allegations are valid, but at the same time, activist shortsellers' allegations are the best predictor of accounting fraud. The findings should be of interest to regulators who are concerned with false rumors spreading in the market. Acknowledgments: I am grateful for the guidance I received from my dissertation committee: Dain Donelson (Co-chair), Ross Jennings (Co-Chair), Cesare Fracassi, John McInnis, and Wuyang Zhao. I appreciate helpful suggestions and comments from Shuping Chen, Jakob Infuehr, Elena Karahanna, Colin Koutney, Lil Mills, Arun Rai, Chris Yust, and workshop participants at the University of Texas at Austin.


The A&PDF travel funding enabled me to go to London, U.K. to make a presentation at this international conference on M.G. Vassanji, a Canadian writer of East African and South Asian origins.
The paper was well received. There were many other quality papers at this international conference. The organizers are planning to collect some of these papers along with others from commonwealth countries to produce an edited volume of critical essays on the works of novelist, M.G. Vassanji.


Children in the United States today do not have the experiences with death to which children were exposed years ago. Contrasted with the past when death and illness were dealt with in the home by the family, experiences with death are very much removed from contemporary, everyday life. The elderly and terminally ill are sent to live in long-term care facilities or live far away from the family's young people. When death occurs, the body is sent immediately to a funeral home to be taken care of by specialists. These factors, combined with the idea that our society is fearful of death and avoids the subject whenever possible, lead to the conclusion that direct death experiences are no longer a normal part of a child's life (Despelder & Strickland, 1983). In addition, adults try to shield children from the realities of death. Many people think little children won't understand death and will just become confused and upset. They want to protect children and think talking realistically about death with them will cause the children to suffer unnecessary pain or make them "grow up too fast." Some people often believe that because children may not have a realistic understanding of the concept of death, they don't grieve or become upset when a death or loss occurs (Wass, 1991). No matter how hard society tries, it is a futile endeavor to hide death from children. Death often occurs in a child's life although he or she does not usually directly experience or witness the dying process. Any child who has the capacity to feel emotions can experience grief-related pain. When people do not talk to children about death, children become confused and distressed. While it is impossible to protect children from the hardships of death-grief, mourning, and bereavement-it is possible for adults to create an inviting environment in which children can express feelings and ask questions about death and loss. Children will benefit from understanding and will then proceed more effectively through the grieving process (Wolfelt, 1983). Definitions and Clarification of Terms To define and distinguish the terms that are related to loss experiences is necessary, as these terms are often confused and misused. Bereavement is the state of being that is caused by a loss (Wolfelt, 1983). When speaking of bereavement, people often assume that it is related to death. However, losses for children pertain to other experiences such as divorce, moving away from home, and a parent's termination from a job (White, 1993). For the purposes of this article, bereavement is discussed as loss due to death. Grief is defined as the "emotional suffering caused by a death or bereavement" (Wolfelt, 1983, 26). Grief can be conceptualized as a process that involves a constellation of different emotions and manners of expression. Elisabeth Kubler-Ross (1969) describes grief as involving these stages: denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance. A bereaved person does not progress through these stages in an orderly fashion; instead, a person may feel all of these at one time, some of these, or none of these things. Grief is an individual experience and is, therefore, experienced in unique ways. Mourning is often described as "grief gone public" (Wolfelt, 1983, 27). This process refers to the actions people take following the death of a significant person in their lives. Mourning involves societal rites such as funerals and memorial services. Different cultures have many various customs and traditions for mourning. Finally, grief work constitutes the activities that are involved in working through a loss (Wolfelt, 1983). There are tasks a grieving person must complete in order to continue their lives in a healthy fashion. There are four main tasks in grief work: * Accepting the reality of the loss * Experiencing the emotions associated with the loss * Adjusting to the environment in which the significant person is no longer there or change has occurred * Withdrawing the energy used dealing with the loss so it can be reinvested in new relationships and life events (Worden, 1991) Just like adults, bereaved children need to conduct their grief work in an inviting environment that is understanding of this need. …


circadian rhythms are less easy todismiss, as they occur within neuronal as well as non-Everyonceina while there appearsa setof experiments neuronal cell types (Liu et al., 1988; Siwicki et al., 1988).that changes theway a field views itself. Thisiscertainly Moreover, tight molecular connections between fruit flythecasewiththeBalsalobreetal.(1998)paperpublished and mammalian rhythms now exist, thanks in large partin this issue of


The purpose of the study is to develop enzymosomes as a novel site-specific medicine delivery technique. Enzymosomes take use of an enzyme's unique properties, which include the ability to bind to a specific substrate at a controlled rate and catalyse the product synthesis process. When an enzyme is covalently bonded to the surface of liposomes/lipid vesicles, enzymosomes are generated. Enzymes are connected via acylation, direct conjugation, physical adsorption, and encapsulation strategies to create enzymosomes with customized activity. Such innovative drug delivery systems exhibit effective drug release while decreasing the unfavorable side effects of previous treatment methods, leading in better long-term illness therapy. They might be a viable option to gout treatment, antiplatelet therapy, and other conventional therapies. Enzymosomes are supramolecular vesicular delivery methods that have recently been created and may enhance medication targeting, physicochemical properties, and hence bioavailability in pharmaceutics. It illustrates that drugs with a narrow precision have good benefits because targeting their site of action improves their overall pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profile. It also improves half-life and achieves enzyme activity on particular places, such as malignant cells, by reducing alterations in normal enzymatic activity.


Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) is associated with proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis of carcinomas, and FGFR signaling inhibitors are considered a key drug for the treatment of solid tumors with FGFR overexpression. Amplification of FGFR2 is reportedly identified in 3%‐10% of gastric cancers (GCs). The aim of this study is to clarify whether the identification of the circulating tumor cells (CTCs) with FGFR2 overexpression is useful to detect patients with FGFR2‐overexpressing GC. One hundred GC patients who underwent gastrectomy were enrolled. A total volume of 8 mL of peripheral blood was collected from each patient just before gastrectomy, and mononuclear cells were enriched by Ficol density gradient centrifugation. These cells were immunostained with PI/CD45/EpCAM/FGFR2. The number of CTCs with FGFR2 expression in each sample was enumerated by FACScan. The FGFR2 expression level of the resected primary tumor was assessed by immunohistochemistry. The number of FGFR2‐positive CTCs in the GC patients' peripheral blood was significantly correlated with the FGFR2 expression level of the primary GC. The relapse‐free survival of the patients with FGFR2‐positive CTCs (≥5 cells/10 mL blood) was significantly poorer (P = .018, log‐rank) than that of the patients without FGFR2‐positive CTCs (<5 cell/10 mL blood). These findings suggested that the determination of FGFR2‐positive CTCs might help identify an existing tumor with FGFR2 overexpression.


D.'s discussion of the Doctrina Addai (into which the Protonike episode has been inserted) itl not entirely satisfactory, since it does not always (e.g. 163, and in English summary)! distinguish clearly between the core story already known to Eusebius and the surviving earlyfifth-century text known as the Doctrina Addai (the former he sees, with filial pietas, as the : product of anti-Manichaean propaganda). D.'s suggestive discussion of all these texts makes it all the more clear that an overall study of fifth-century Syrian apocryphal literature would be well worth undertaking; most of this is in Syriac, and much is definitely of Edessene provenance, but with a specific interest in both Jerusalem and Rome. Such a study, it might be hoped, would throw important light on the inter-relationship of, not only the Doctrina Addai and the two main Syriac forms of the legend of the Cross, but also such works as the legendary Edessene martyrdoms of Sharbel and Barsamya, the texts on the baptism of Constantine, and the so-called Julian 'Romance' (which, as van Esbroeck has recently shown, needs to be dated earlier than has traditionally been the case). The final chapter deals with the anti-Jewish element which grows more and more prominent as the legend develops. This is treated against the background of anti-Jewish legislation of the fourth and fifth centuries, and the wider background of attitudes of Christian writers of this period. There are two appendices, the first on portraits of Helena on gem stones, and the second providing Dutch translations of the main Greek and Latin texts of the late fourth-early fifth century on the Helena legend. Following the bibliography is a helpful summary in English (270-5).


In determining the properties of wood a circumstance to be taken into consideration is their Variation in three main directions (see fig. i). This paper deals with the shrinkage and elasticity anisotropy. A critical discussion of existing theories is presented, äs well äs new views and data. The main emphasis has been placed upon transverse anisotropy. In this paper isotropy in the transverse plane has, for the most part, a restricted meaning i. e., that the properties have the same numerical values in the radial and tangential directions, whereas in other directions the values may differ.