ion, the isotope effects, and also the total reactivity, a simple model potential has been proposed. As can be seen from Fig. 6 this is characterized by a shallow well in the entrance channel and two barriers separating the strongly bound intermediate from reactants and products. In a first step a weakly bound entrance complex is formed. The competition between Fig. 6 Assumed potential energy curves along the reaction path for various isotope combinations of the reaction C3H 1 þ H2 C3H2 þ H. The aim of this plot is to illustrate schematically energy shifts caused by the zero point energies in the transition barriers. P h y s . C h e m . C h e m . P h y s . , 2 0 0 5 , 7 , 1 0 2 6 – 1 0 3 5 1033 T h i s j o u r n a l i s & T h e O w n e r S o c i e t i e s 2 0 0 5 either a slow transition towards the strongly bound intermediate or a decay back to the reactants leads to the observed result, that the rate coefficient for product formation is a only fraction of the Langevin value. It also can explain the strong temperature dependence. In the strongly bound complexes, decay toward products, stabilization by association or also redissociation competes. Within this model, the isotope effects are caused not only by the differences in zero point energies in the reactants and products but also by the assumed mass dependent shifts in the transition states. Reverse reactions. In order to get additional information on this complicated interplay, it is interesting to study the reverse processes of reactions (3) and (4). C3H2 1 þ H has been studied several times, some results are presented in refs. 9 and 41. Since these results are from high pressure SIFT studies, ternary processes prevail. In addition, the energy content of the ions at 300 K is higher than the barriers or endothermicities which are needed to explain the results from this work. Studies with cold trapped ions interacting with a slow beam of hydrogen atoms are in progress in this laboratory, first results for CH5 1 þ H have been obtained. The VUV photochemistry of the propargyl radical, C3H3, has been investigated recently using synchrotron radiation. At photon energies above 15.5 eV only traces of C3H 1 have been detected in dissociative photoionisation and it has been concluded that formation of C3H2 1 þ H is kinetically strongly favored. This supports our observation that reaction (3) is slightly exothermic from the left to the right. Table 1 also contains some results for reactions of C3Hn 1 with n 4 1. They are all rather slow but measurable with the present instrument. These observations are in accordance with calculations which predict, despite the large exothermicity, a significant barrier. In room temperature measurements products from C3H2 1 þ H2 have not been detected. The same holds for the C3H2 1 þ D2 collision. It has been shown that products from C3H2 1 þ H2 interactions appear only at elevated kinetic energy.


The International Conference on Primary Health Care called for urgent and effective national and international action to develop and implement primary health care throughout the world. All government agencies should support primary health care by channelling increased technical and financial support to health care systems. Any national health policy designed to provide for its people should recognise the right to health care as a fundamental right of people. The sociocultural environment of the people should be upgraded as a part of health care. The government's expenditure on health should be regarded as an investment, not as a consumption. Health should be a purchasable commodity. Medical education should be reoriented to the needs of the nation. The government should establish as its ultimate goal the provision of scientific medical service to every citizen. Industrial health and mental health disciplines should establish clear-cut methodologies to achieve the same objectives as medical science. Practitioners of indigenous systems of medicine should be allowed to practice only those systems in which they are qualified and trained. Integration of the modern and traditional systems has failed. In order to encourage people to adopt small family size, facilities for maternal and child welfare clinics, coupled with immunisation and nutrition programs, are needed.


We examine the occurrence of peripeteia in Harrison Birtwistle's 1967 opera Punch and Judy, as manifest in a reversal of cyclic time. Specifically, we extend a metaphorical association between the passage of cyclic time in the opera and discrete rotation in the complex plane generated by the imaginary unit i. Such a rotation moves alternately between the real and the imaginary axes, as scenes in the opera pass correspondingly through sacred and profane orientations. The instance of peripeteia results in a counter rotation, a dramaturgical inversion. To bring this reversal into the metaphor, we extend it from its situation in the complex plane to one in the space of Hamilton's quaternions, wherein such negation is obtained through the product of upper-level imaginary units. The scene that contains the reversal and that which consists of the opera's comic resolution epitomize the drama and occupy the highest level of dramatic structure.


The purpose of this paper is to empirically examine the effect of demographic diversity on boards of directors with regard to firm financial performance. This paper uses secondary data of non-financial listed companies over the period 2000 to 2006. Relevant concepts, propositions, hypotheses and control variables are specially developed to meet our requirements. Demographic diversity is represented by ethnic and gender diversity and performance is measured by return on asset (ROA) and return on equity (ROE). A series of OLS regressions using on the cross-sectional data are also presented. The results seem to be quite inconsistent to prove the relevance of diversity among the board members with regard to financial performance.


6060 Background: Bevacizumab in combination with chemotherapy increases progression-free survival (PFS) but not overall survival (OS) when compared to chemotherapy alone in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Recently, the United States Food and Drug Administration announced it would withdraw its approval of bevacizumab in breast cancer because its benefits did not outweigh its "significant risks". The European Medicines Agency, in contrast, maintained its approval of bevacizumab in combination with paclitaxel, but not with docetaxel or capecitabine. While neither agency considers health economics in their decision-making process, one of the greatest challenges in the practice of oncology today is to reconcile hard-won small incremental clinical benefits with exponentially rising costs.

METHODS
In order to inform policy-makers in the US, this study aimed to assess the cost-effectiveness of bevacizumab plus paclitaxel in MBC, from a payer perspective. We created a decision-analytical model using efficacy and adverse events data from the ECOG 2100 trial. Health utilities were derived from available literature. Costs were obtained from the Center for Medicare Services Drug Payment Table and Physician Fee Schedule and are represented in 2010 US dollars. Quality-adjusted life years (QALY) and Incremental Cost Effectiveness Ratio (ICER) were calculated. Sensitivity analyses were performed.

RESULTS
Bevacizumab added 0.49 years of PFS and 0.135 QALY with an incremental cost of $100,300 and therefore a cost of $204,000 per year of PFS gained and an ICER of $745,000 per QALY. The main drivers of the model were drug acquisition cost, PFS, and health utility values. Using a threshold of $150,000/QALY, drug price would have to be reduced by nearly 80% or alternatively PFS increased by 10 months to make bevacizumab cost-effective. The results of the model were robust in sensitivity analyses.

CONCLUSIONS
The addition of Bevacizumab to paclitaxel is not cost-effective in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Value-based pricing and the development of biomarkers to improve patient selection are needed to better define the role of the drug in this population.


With the cumulative frequency method the thresholds of extreme precipitation event was defined according to daily precipitation data of 68 stations in Anhui province during last 40 years.The analysis of the spatial distribution of thresholds,the characteristics of extreme precipitation time series of maximum and minimum threshold station and the regional extreme precipitation characteristics of heavy rain zones in summer was focused on.At the same time,with CCM3 global spectrum model the summer extreme precipitation in Anhui province was simulated to analyze its trend.


Weeds are undesirable and unpleasant plants with robust growth. Around 18,000 weed species outcast native biodiversity and responsible for tremendous economic losses. Plants were used to treat numerous ailments since ancient times. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an emerging global health problem, where approximately 700,000 people lose their life each year from AMR infections. Minimum inhibitory concentration of Biogenic silver nanoparticles against pathogenic bacterial strain has not been reported previously. This study aims to elucidate lowest biogenic Alkanna tinctoria mediated silver nanoparticles dose to treat bacterial infections. Qualitative phytochemical analysis performed using standard tests. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized visually, UV–Vis spectroscopy and using X-ray diffraction. Minimum inhibitory concentration of biogenic silver nanoparticles was tested against gram positive (S. aureus) and gram-negative bacteria (E. coli). Alkanna tinctoria leave were positive for alkaloids, carbohydrate, saponins, amino acids, and fixed oil. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were in range of 60 to 73nm. Silver nanoparticles significantly affected E. coli as compared to S. aureus. The MIC for E. coli was recorded as 46.87 μg/mL and 93.75 μg/mL was effective against S.aureus. Search of naive plants as novel therapeutic agents along with nanotechnology can bring revolution in the field of drug development and medical sciences.


Carpal Tunnel Syndrome is the most common case of mononeurophaty, produced by neurophaty entrapment in the median nerve in the carpal tunnel, in the form of anatomical space formed by the carpal bones and tranversal ligaments of the wrist. Swelling by the flexor tendon in the carpal tunnel also results in narrowing of the confinent space and the median nerve.After 6 weeks of treatment, the result was a decrease of pain in the tenderness of T1: 2 to T6: 1, motion pain from T1: 6 to T6: 3 on the dextra wrist. And decreased pain in tenderness from T1: 1 to T6: 0 in the left wrist. Increased muscle strength of the flexor palmar from T1: 3 to T6: 4 on the dextra wrist. from T1: 4 to T6: 5 on the left wrist. In the dorsal flexor of the dextra wrist of T1: 3 to T6: 4. On the dorsal flexor of the left wrist of T1: 4 becomes T6: 5. On the flexor and MCP dextra extensors from T1: 3 to T6: 4. In the MCP flexor and extensor sinusra from T1: 4 to T6: 5. Increased functional activity ability with decreasing wrist and hand disability index values of T1: 20 and T6: 9.And theresult after the therapy for 6 times obtained results in the reduction of pain in both wrists, increased muscle strength and increased functional activity. So, the conclusion is Ultra Sound, Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation, and Upper Limb Tension Test can reduce pain, increase muscle strength, and increase functional activity.


The OECD's BEPS project mandated that transfer pricing outcomes under the arm's-length standard should be aligned with value creation. In the digital economy, new business models are challenging transfer pricing practitioners on how best to apply the value creation approach. In a two-part series Niraja Srinivasan and Srini Lalapet of Dell Technologies and Lorraine Eden of Texas A&M illustrate the complexities and challenges posed by digital business models. The first article explored the digital economy and the OECD's work on BEPS Action Item 1 (taxing in the digital economy). This second article is a case study of the Internet of Things (loT), which builds and uses a stylized transfer pricing analysis to explore the transfer pricing challenges posed by an loT ecosystem.


The sensory, bacteriological and biochemical qualities of tropical wire-netting reef cod (Epinephelus merra) stored in melting ice were studied. The total bacterial load in immediately iced (II) fish was 10 6 cfu/g on the 17th day of storage. The histamine formers were 10 1 cfu/g on the initial day, whereas the total lactics was 10 1 cfu/g on the third day. The total coliforms decreased from MPN 35 to 0 per gram, while the anaerobic sulfite reducers did not exhibit any consistent trend. The fish delayed for 6 h before icing or delayed iced (DI) fish exhibited bacterial loads of 10 6 cfu/g on the third day, while the total lactics ranged from 10 1 to 10 2 cfu/g and the histamine formers ranged from 10 2 to 10 4 cfu/g. The total coliforms declined and the anaerobic sulfite reducers increased over a period of 5 days. The pH and hypoxanthine increased during the storage. Both the total volatile base nitrogen and trimethylamine nitrogen attained the maximum limit of acceptability at the end of the storage. The fatty acid content was 0.17% as oleic acid even on the 17th day in II fish. The II fish exhibited a longer shelf life (17 days) when compared to the shorter shelf life (3 days) exhibited by the DI fish.


Numerical results are presented on the hydrodynamic dispersion of passive tracer in flow through a two‐dimensional channel bounded by parallel plates, one having substantial rugosities perpendicular to the flow. The simulation is based on the numerical solution of the microscopic Stokes and convention‐diffusion equations, over a range of Peclet numbers and of degrees of rugosity of the channel. One observes a tenfold increase of the effective dispersion between the smooth plate case (classical Taylor dispersion) and the maximum rugosity case, attributable to the trapping of tracer inside deep rugosities. The results are analyzed in terms of tracer exchange models, involving a characteristic exchange time between the low‐ and high‐velocity zones and their relative volume fractions, as a function of the Peclet number and the relative depth of the rugosities. The simulations are compared to ''echo'' dispersion experiments in which the tracer is first injected into the model and then, upon reversal of the fluid flow, drawn back through the inlet.


A safety blood sampling pen comprises a pen head and a pen barrel, and is characterized in that the pen head is in plug connection with the pen barrel; a push rod is arranged at a connecting end of the pen head; a slot is formed at the connecting end of the pen barrel; the slot comprises a sliding groove, a transition groove and a dead lock groove which are connected in sequence; a bolt is arranged at an arm end of an elastic arm of a shooting rod; a bolt tongue is formed at the front part of the bolt, and a bolt hook is formed at the rear part of the bolt; the width of the bolt is greater than that of the push rod; the width of the sliding groove and the width of the dead lock groove are greater than the width of the bolt; the width of the transition groove is greater than that of the push rod and is less than that of the bolt; a blocking shoulder is formed at the joint of the sliding groove and the transition groove; a dead lock shoulder is formed at the joint of the transition groove and the dead lock groove; a catching inclined plane is formed at the end part of the dead lock shoulder; and a pushing inclined plane is formed at the end part of the push rod or/and the bolt tongue. The scheme of the safety blood sampling pen correlates the plug connection of the pen head and the pen barrel with the using and operation safety of the blood sampling pen, and utilizes the plug structure between the pen head and the pen barrel to solve the possible safety problem during the using and operating process.


A low resistance salicided 0.1 /spl mu/m CMOSFET has been developed with precisely controlled T-shaped gate and optimum gate structure for thick CoSi/sub 2/. Selective Si growth (SSG) using a SiO/sub 2/-SiN stacked sidewall with the exposed SiN top hill enables suppression of junction leakage for thick Co silicidation, to eliminate bridging between gate and source/drain (S/D), and to precisely control the extra gate length for T-shaped gates. Moreover, the nitrogen profile in the p/sup +/ gate is optimized to suppress gate depletion induced by the thick Co. Since a heavily nitrided gate oxide insulator and N implantation of the poly-Si surface can prevent gate-implanted B ions from being diffused into the substrate and into the CoSi/sub 2/ layer, an increase in the gate sheet resistance, B penetration, and gate depletion can be simultaneously resolved, and thus high performance 0.1 /spl mu/m CMOS can be achieved with gates of as low as 1.9 /spl Omega//sq. sheet resistance.


A new simulation algorithm of X-ray differential phase contrast imaging was proposed.This Algorithm was based on X-ray diffraction theory and ray tracing algorithm.A simulation of three balls was performed and the characteristics of the obtained interference image were in accord with the imaging theory.The phase information retrieved from the interference images by the phase-stepping method was highly in accord with the physics experiment results.


Sensing and imaging for ultraviolet (UV) and near infrared (NIR) bands has many applications for NASA, defense, and commercial systems. Recent work has involved developing UV avalanche photodiode (UV -APD) arrays with high gain for high resolution imaging. Various GaN/AlGaN p-i-n (PIN) UV -APDs have been fabricated from epitaxial structures grown by MOCVD on GaN substrates with avalanche gains higher than $5\times 10^{5}$, and significantly higher responsivities. Likewise, the SiGe material system allows the demonstration of high-performance detector array technology that covers the 0.5 to $1.7\ \mu \mathrm{m}$ wavelength range for visible and NIR bands of interest. We have utilized SiGe fabrication technology to develop Ge based PIN detector devices on 300 mm Si wafers. We will discuss the theoretical and experimental results from electrical and optical characterization of the detector devices with various $n^{+}$ region doping concentrations to demonstrate low dark currents below $1\ \mu \mathrm{A}$ at −1 V and high photocurrent. Recent results from these detector arrays for UV and NIR detection will be presented.


By using relation graph of eigenvalue function and its derivative,this paper the effect of design parameters on eigenvalues partition,and the location and degree of dense frequency phenomenon. In addition,it analyzes the occurence of the above frequency and the instability of characteristic vector and jumping by using relation graph of eigenvector function and its derivative.


Campus culture of higher vocational colleges is featured with coexistence of mainstream and diversity.The diversified cultures directed by socialist core value system,to a large extent,are of influential and decisive essence on the ideological security of China.The paper attempts to consider the workable access towards the campus cultural construction: namely,sticking to the socialist direction under the guidance of Marxism;enhancing the cultural cohesion typical of common ideal of Chinese socialism;integrating national spirit and times mentality into spiritual contents of college culture;and creating a favorable atmosphere through promoting socialist concepts of honor and disgrace.


A large number of incomplete products are produced in traditional assembly lines with rigid boundaries when the workstations operating times vary greatly.This paper presents a production organization method using overlapping areas between adjacent workstations as flexible boundaries instead of rigid boundaries in a flexible assembly line.A mathematical model of the flexible assembly line system based on discrete Markov processes is used to calculate the minimum cycle time based on the bisection method.The results show that the solution for the minimum cycle time with given ranges is a uniformly decreasing function of the number of incomplete products.A numerical study of a six-workstation assembly line shows that when the boundary overlap region is 16%(or 30%) of the workstation size,the minimum cycle time is reduced to 88.45%(or 83.45%) of the traditional assembly line time with rigid boundaries.Thus,the flexible assembly line effectively reduces the number of incomplete products,the average utilization of the assembly line workers,and the assembly efficiency.


A novel method for generating high-speed signaling pulses with reduced bandwidth occupancy and zero intersymbol interference is presented. The method departs from classic ones in the sense that it does not require a filter with high-order poles and zeros in order to reduce the bandwidth occupancy of a nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) signal substantially. A single all-pole second-order low-pass filter is used. The key feature is that the filter is excited not by the classic NRZ signal, but by a modified version of that signal. >


On the basis of the Bogoliubov–de Gennes theory for the two-dimensional extended Hubbard model, the vortex structure in d -wave superconductors is investigated including the contribution of the induced incommensurate antiferromagnetism around the vortex core. As the on-site repulsive interaction U increases, the spatial structure of charge and spin changes from the antiferromagnetic state with checkerboard modulation to that with the stripe modulation. By the effect of the induced antiferromagnetic moment, the zero-energy density of states is suppressed, and the vortex core radius increases. We also study the effect of the local density of states (LDOS) change on the site-dependent nuclear relaxation rate T 1 -1 ( r ). These results are compared with a variety of experiments performed on high T c cuprates.


Earth originally had a bulk composition not unlike meteorites, and comparing the composition of meteorites to Earth's differentiated layers—the metallic core and silicate-rich mantle—reveals clues about Earth's formation. For example, why are elements like chromium, which are moderately volatile


Timely and appropriate task offloading is difficult to achieve due to strong coupling between tasks, uncertainty of computing resources and the dynamics of environment. In this article, a multi-access edge computing (MEC) system based on vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication is considered, where a group of correlated tasks are generated by task initiators (TIs) and then offloaded to different task executors (TEs). This study aims to jointly optimize the graph task assignment and resource allocation in MEC systems to minimize the weighted sum of delay and energy consumption (WDEC). The problem is formulated as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming problem (MINLP). To derive a feasible solution, the optimization process is decomposed into two stages. First, an off-policy algorithm based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL) framework is proposed to solve task offloading problem. Notably, the proposed algorithm relies on neither complete communication status nor prior knowledge of computing resources; Second, given the offloading decisions, the optimal transmission power is obtained by relaxing the convex optimization problem. Extensive experiments verify the superiority of the proposed method, compared with existing algorithms.


This paper deals with the next step of development of a tubular permanent magnet linear drive concept for industrial applications up to 3000N thrust force where low cogging forces are required to fulfill safety standards. The presented linear drive concept is designed for easy production and assembly of a few hundred units per year. It can be manufactured on standard production machines because all ferromagnetic parts are made of standard not-laminated steel. This results in a very economic product. Further more the drive concept includes an internal low cost position sensor based on the hall-effect. The different steps of development are proven by measurements of thrust and cogging forces of different prototypes.


In 1805–06 Charles Harcourt Masters designed Cheltenham's Royal Crescent, a seminal work within the town's architectural history in that it was the first important terrace to grace the town at a time of rapid expansion and unprecedented popularity during the early years of the spa's development. In Bath and North-East Somerset Library is a plan signed by Masters for St James's Square, Cheltenham, which though never completed was much more ambitious than Royal Crescent and possibly the largest projected square ever to grace the town. It is not dated, but it would be reasonable to assume a dating c. 1808–09 bearing in mind contemporary deeds, maps, and a newspaper advertisement to be discussed later. The earliest deeds in the possession of No. 1 St James's Square go back only to 1856, but crucially they repeat the content of the original ones. They confirm that the square was begun in 1809 in accordance with its earliest appearance on a map called 'Plan of The Town with the Situation of the Mineral Wells at Cheltenham' surveyed by Daniel Trinder in 1809. He blocks in the square on three sides, excluding the south, as early as 1809, and shades in the north where No. 1 is, indicating that it was built or in the process of being built. The extent of the north side appears to be exaggerated, indicating more properties than there actually were. The deeds refer to 16 April 1808 as the date of the purchase of the land between a 'Thomas Read of the City of Bath Esqre and a William Read of Cheltenham', both presumably of the same family. Thomas Read's connexion with Bath might explain in simple terms why Masters was working in Cheltenham. The 1809 date is again confirmed by the following advertisement in the Cheltenham Chronicle for Thursday, 25 May 1809: The remaining Lots in a Spacious Square, intended to be called St James's Square, situated on one of the most healthy and eligible parts of the Town, communicating with the Carriage Road, leading from the High-street to the Spas, with a gentle declivity to the Brook or River Chelt, and commanding a beautiful view of Bays Hill Lodge, Leckhampton, and the surrounding hills.


A diagnosis testbench of analog IP cores characterizes their coupling strengths against on-chip environmental disturbances, specifically with regard to substrate voltage variations. The testbench incorporates multi-tone digital noise generators and a precision waveform capture with multiple probing channels. A prototype test bench fabricated in a 90-nm CMOS technology demonstrates the diagnosis of substrate coupling up to 400MHz with dynamic range of more than 60dB. The coefficients of noise propagation as well as noise coupling on a silicon substrate are quantitatively derived for analog IP cores processed in a target technology, and further linked with noise awared EDA tooling for the successful adoption of such IP cores in SoC integration.


In this letter, we study the linear processing method to alleviate the intercarrier interference (ICI) for the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) index modulation (IM) in the rapidly time-varying (RTV) channel. Concretely, the proposed linear processing scheme is implemented by the joint design of the transmit precoding and receive postprocessing matrices. First, a lower bound of the capacity of OFDM-IM in the RTV channel is derived. Then, the precoding and postprocessing matrices are designed to maximize this capacity lower bound through utilizing the particle swarm optimization algorithm. Computer simulations show that the proposed scheme can alleviate the ICI effectively and has better performance than the conventional ICI self-cancellation scheme.


To help design the next generation China Z-pinch driver CZ30, which is a 30 MA driver driven by linear transformer driver (LTD) modules, a new full-circuit simulation code called FCM-CZ30 was established. The code was used to perform simulation of CZ30 coupled with Z-pinch load. The results obtained from FCM-CZ30 are in a good agreement with those obtained from a commercial code called PSpice, which shows that the FCM-CZ30 is a reliable code. The inductance of the LTD system has a significant influence on the rise time of the load current, which is totally different from that in conventional Z-pinch drivers with multistage switches to compress the rise time of the pulse. For a wire-array load with an initial radius of 3.0 cm and a mass per unit length of 15 mg/cm, the peak value and the rise time (10%–90%) of the load current are 33.7 MA and 102.2 ns, respectively.


The techniques used previously to calculate the threefold thermal conductivity reduction due to phonon dispersion in GaAs/AlAs superlattices (SLs) are applied to HgTe/CdTe SLs. The reduction factor is approximately the same, indicating that this SL may be applicable both as a photodetector and a thermoelectric cooler.


An open network is a network that can be formed by anyone, and that anyone can join. Open networks exist today in minute scale, in the form of open Internet access points. It is our hope that our work will facilitate the creation of much larger open networks, both wired and wireless, where strangers are welcome to partake in, and contribute to, a network formed entirely by peers. Presented in this dissertation are network protocols aimed at facilitating the creation of open networks. Four different protocols are discussed, each addressing a different problem in open networks, including scalable routing, secure routing, the wormhole attack, and enforceable bandwidth allocation.
The size of a typical open network is limited only by the technology used. Thus, scalability is an important aspect in maximizing the potential of such networks. Moreover, in an open network, no centralized authority exists to impose a physical network hierarchy. This has so far has been the dominant method of achieving routing scalability. We propose dynamic address routing (DART), the first routing protocol for mobile wireless networks to achieve an average routing table size of O(logN) where N is the number of nodes in the network.
Routing security is another interesting challenge in open networks. In contrast with traditional networks, an open network must be able to welcome strangers, rather than keep them out. In a network full of strangers, routing must be done without relying on trust. We propose a routing protocol that is robust to all known attacks, as well as the first practical MAC-layer countermeasure to the powerful "wormhole" attack in wireless networks.
Finally, in a bandwidth constrained network, proper allocation of resources becomes important. Most previous work on bandwidth allocation assumes that users will not greedily change their sending behavior to maximize throughput. This assumption may hold in a closed network, but in a network of strangers, we cannot assume that all strangers are good citizens. We propose Justice, a bandwidth allocation scheme which cannot be circumvented, yet offers network operators and users great flexibility in how they allocate available bandwidth.


The press‐forming process and the effects of parameter variation on the forming process have attracted great interest lately. The dimensional accuracy of the formed trays and the rigidity and stability of the packages are crucial factors for functionality in packaging lines, especially in fast operating machinery. The torsional stiffness of trays must be at a sufficient level to ensure the functionality in subsequent processes and logistics. The objective of this study was to develop and build a device for measuring the torsional stiffness of whole tray packages, to verify its functionality and to investigate the effect of heat load transferred to paperboard material on the torsional stiffness of the formed trays. The operation of the novel torsional stiffness tester was confirmed, and the tester was found to be suitable for measuring the thermal response of the sample materials and the effect of the fibre direction. Thus, the analysed material does not need to have a homogeneous stiffness property since the differences are noticeable in the measurement results. In addition, the results indicate that tray blanks should be die cut in the machine direction of the paperboard. The torsional stiffness of the tray packages increases, and the outer dimensions decrease as a function of the heat input. The first feature is desirable for packaging functionality and the second feature can be compensated by competent packaging design. To conclude, the use of higher mould temperatures is recommendable if the integrity of the package material is not compromised.


The dielectric properties of methyl methacrylate–styrene copolymers in benzene solution have been measured, and in a theoretical treatment it has been attempted to evaluate the effective dipole moment of the methyl methacrylate group in relation to the distribution of polar group sequences in the copolymer molecule. If it is assumed that the polar groups in a polar (A)–nonpolar (B) copolymer molecule can be classified into three types such that the nearest neighbors along the chain are (I) two polar groups A, (II) a polar group A and a nonpolar group B, and (III) two nonpolar groups B (the molecular polarizations of which are denoted by PAA, PAB, and PBB, respectively), then the average molecular polarization of polar group A in the copolymer molecule, Pav, can be written in the form

Here fAA and fAA2 are the probabilities of an AA sequence and a double AA sequence arising in the copolymer molecule, respectively. The values of fAA and fAA2 can be calculated from the reactivity ratios of the two monomers and the composition of the initial monomer mixture. The measurements were made on six samples of different compositions. It has been shown that the experimental values of Pav agreed satisfactorily with the values calculated from the above equation, over the whole range of copolymer composition. This seems to indicate that only the nearest neighbors in the polymer chain affect the effective dipole moment of the polar group in the copolymer molecule.


We present a hypermedia model for educational applications, addressing the problem of exploratory navigation into the hyperspace from the viewpoints of context establishment, assistance against disorientation and reporting on the learner's activities. We argue for the need to extend the conventional hypermedia framework with the introduction of constraint satisfaction and hypothetical reasoning. We focus on constraint programming techniques and abductive reasoning and we show how such an enhanced model can address the aforementioned problem for educational hypermedia applications.


A study has been made of indirect methods for arsenic
and silicon based on molybdenum heteropoly acid chemistry
with the final measurement by atomic absorption spectrometry.
The optimum conditions for the formation and solvent
extraction of the neteropoly acids were chosen to minimize
the blank levels. Procedures have been developed for the
determination of silicon and arsenic. Silicon is extracted as 12-molybdosilicic acid into a
mixture of diethyl ether and pentan-l-ol (5+1). The coextraction
of excess molybdate reagent is prevented by the
addition of citrate which also destroys molybdophosphoric
and molybdoarsenic acids. The organic layer is washed with
dilute hydrochloric acid and determinations are made by
using solution spectrophotometry and carbon rod electrothermal
atomic absorption spectrometry. The method has been
applied to the analysis of several British Chemical standard
steels. Arsenic is extracted as 12-molybdoarsenic acid into a
mixture of diethyl ether and pentan-l-ol(3+1). The interferences
from other heteropoly forming elements could not be
suppressed by the addition of masking agents. A method in
which arsenic was converted to arsine, then oxidized to
arsenate and finally determined after formation and extraction
of the 12-molybdoarsenic acid was evaluated. The method
was critically compared with the hydride generation atomic
absorption method by analyzing several British Chemical
standard steels. Various methods for determining molybdenum by electro-thermal atomizationwere investigated including the use of carbon
rods (pyrolytically coated and uncoated), graphite
tubes (coated and uncoated), L'vov platform and graphite
tube treated with tantalum. Standard solutions were prepared
from ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate and the atomization
temperature was about 2800 degrees C. Comparisons were made
on the basis of sensitivity, detection limit, precision,
linear range and lifetime of the atomizer.


During the past 10 years, a new search for significant reserves swept the Texas part of the Marietta basin and resulted in several important discoveries. The Ordovician Oil Creek Sandstone and numerous Strawn sandstones of Pennsylvanian age were the primary objectives. The Marietta is primarily a Pennsylvanian basin, and oil occurrence is related closely to sedimentation and orogenies during this period. The presence of the southeast extension of the southern Oklahoma Criner Hills trend caused much deep exploration for Oil Creek gas-condensate production. The New Mag field was a significant result of this play. Much exploration remains to be done for fields of this type. The 20-yr-old Handy field, also on the Criner trend, was extended considerably and new pay zones were found in this multipay Strawn field. Reserves were increased several times. On the southwest side of the basin, the Bob K field in Cooke County was an important find. A combination of structural and stratigraphic entrapment created this very prolific multipay Strawn field. Histories of development and geological interpretations of these and other areas are presented. End_of_Article - Last_Page 196------------


Joint position sense is a marker of proprioception and is defined as being aware of the body position and individual body parts in the space. Position sense in the wrist joint is especially important for the manual dexterity. A possible damage due to arthritis may lead a decrease in joint position sense. However, the status of joint position sense was not investigated in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).To compare the wrist position sense and a motor performance test related to manual dexterity among children with JIA with wrist arthritis history (JIAWrist+), children with JIA without wrist arthritis history (JIAWrist-), and healthy controls.A total of sixty children (20 children for each group) were included in the study. Wrist joint position sense was evaluated by measuring joint re-position error. The wrist was passively placed in a pre-determined position (30o for flexion, 30o for extension, 10o for radial deviation, and 15o for ulnar deviation). Then passively was returned to baseline position. The patient was asked to reposition their wrist into the target degree actively. The absolute error in degrees between each position and reposition was calculated. Manual dexterity was evaluated by using Purdue Pegboard Test. The test was repeated three times and the average number of the correctly placed pines was used in the analysis.Joint position sense (in all directions except radial deviation) and manual dexterity (except assembly) was found negatively affected in JIAWrist+ patients compared to healthy controls. No differences (except radial deviation) were observed between JIAWrist- patients and healthy controls.Table 1.Comparison of the groupsJIAWrist+ (n:20)JIAWrist- (n:20)Healthy Controls (n:20)Physical CharacteristicsMedian (IQR 25/75)Median (IQR 25/75)Median (IQR 25/75)p*Age (years)14.0 (10.5/16.0)12.5 (11.0/14.5)12.0 (10.0/13.0)0.131Body-Mass Index (kg/m2)20.1 (18.8/22.6)18.9 (15.7/23.9)18.6 (16.8/21.9)0.477Disease Related DataMedian (IQR 25/75)Median (IQR 25/75)Median (IQR 25/75)p**Disease Duration (months)27.5 (10.5/64.0)31.5 (11.0/63.0)NA0.903Gendern (%)n (%)n (%)p***Female19 (95%)10 (50%)13 (65%)0.007Male1 (5%)10 (50%)7 (35%)Joint Re-position ErrorMedian (IQR 25/75)Median (IQR 25/75)Median (IQR 25/75)p*Flexion (o)5.2 (3.3/6.7)2.7 (2.0/4.0)2.0 (1.3/2,7)p<0.001 p1: 0.061 p2< 0.001 p3: 0.148Extension (o)3.8 (2.2/6.0)3.5 (2.8/4.5)1.8 (1.3/4.0)p: 0.038 p1: 1.000 p2: 0.045 p3: 0.171Radial Deviation (o)2.8 (2.0/5.2)3.3 (1.8/4.7)2.0 (1.3/2.7)p: 0.022 p1: 1.000 p2: 0.051 p3: 0.048Ulnar Deviation (o)3.5 (2.5/4.3)2.3 (1.5/3.0)1.7 (1.2/2.7)p: 0.003 p1: 0.084 p2: 0.003 p3: 0.805Flexion (o)5.2 (3.3/6.7)2.7 (2.0/4.0)2.0 (1.3/2,7)p<0.001 p1: 0.061 p2< 0.001 p3: 0.148Manual DexterityMedian (IQR 25/75)Median (IQR 25/75)Median (IQR 25/75)p*Purdue Pegboard Test Single Hand (score)15.2 (13.5/15.5)15.2 (14.5/16.2)16.2 (15.0/18.0)p: 0.022 p1: 0.981 p2: 0.019 p3: 0.244Purdue Pegboard Test Both Hands (score)11.0 (9.8/12.0)11.0 (10.3/12.3)12.5 (11.7/13.2)p: 0.006 p1: 1.000 p2: 0.007 p3: 0.051Purdue Pegboard Test Assembly (score)26.5 (23.0/28.5)26.0 (23.5/29.0)28.0 (25.5/30.0)p: 0.243*Kruskal-Wallis Analysis, **Mann-Whitney-U Test, ***Chi-Square Test, p<0.05. JIAWrist+: children with JIA with wrist arthritis history; JIAWrist-: children with JIA without wrist arthritis history, NA: not applicable, p1: JIAWrist+ vs. JIAWrist-; p2: JIAWrist+ vs. healthy controls; p3: JIAWrist- vs. healthy controls.Joint position sense and related manual dexterity is diminished in JIA patients with wrist involvement. The results of this study suggested that children with wrist arthritis should be followed with special attention focusing on manual abilities. Hand therapy programs might help improving joint position sense acuity.None declared


Abstract 1. With respect to seasonal availability for herbivores, plants defended by synthesising qualitative compounds differ from those protected by accumulation of quantitative macromolecules, leaf toughness, and low water and/or nutrient content. While the palatability of the former plants remains relatively constant during the season, the palatability of the latter group decreases with leaf age.


................................................. vi CHAPTER I. ENVIRONMENT OF ACCOUNTING INTRODUCTION AND ORIENTATION OF THE PROBLEM >. . . . ........... .. . 1 Purpose of the Dissertation and the Need for Accounting Reform ................ . . . . . . 1 The Environment of Accounting and its Recent Development Orientation ................ 5 The Need for Accounting Neutrality vs. Contemporary Accounting Standards .............. 11 The Plan of Study........................ 17 Characteristics of the Petroleum Industry . . . 18 The production process . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Controlling agreements . 19 Large capital investment.................... 22 II. ENVIRONMENT OF ACCOUNTING ECONOMIC DECISIONS OF EXTERNAL INFORMATION USERS.................... 24 The Utility Function of Economic Decision Makers.......................................... 24 Investment Decisions A Portfolio Analysis Approach . . . ........................ 27 Basic Data for Expected Return/Risk Analysis. . 36 Systematic risk .................. . . . . . 40 Unsystematic *isk ................ . . . . . 43 Risk Defined Within a PortfolioFramework Can Be Related Largely to Systematic Risk . . . 46 Investment Decision-Fundamental Analysts Approach....................................... 55 Problems of estimating economic Income. . . . 57 Problems of estimating earning multipliers and earning growth........................... 60 Behavior of Security Prices and Investor's Economic Decisions........................ 62


The microstructural evolution of has been investigated in a series of advanced nickel-base superalloys, produced via the powder metallurgy route. The size, morphology and distribution of within the microstructure has been found to be highly sensitive to the rate of cooling from the supersolvus solutioning temperature. Precipitate morphologies and the resulting particle size distributions, were correlated to the various cooling rates, ranging from 6 to 600°C/min. Cooling rates below about 60°C/min resulted in a bimodal distribution of , while rates above 60°C/min were able to suppress the formation of tertiary and yield a unimodal distribution of in this set of alloys. Following the supersolvus heat treatment, the effect of ageing these various microstructures at 800°C was assessed. While characteristic precipitate coarsening was observed in microstructures containing a bimodal distribution of , anomalous coarsening to a critical size followed by the splitting of the precipitates, was observed in specimens initially containing a unimodal distribution of .


Phosphatidylinositol 4‐phosphate (PI4P) produced by Phosphatidylinositol 4‐Phosphate kinases is an abundant Golgi phosphoinositide functioning in lipid exchange and vesicle transport within mammalian cells. Researchers wanting to quantify PI4P use the Bligh and Dyer method for extracting and separating phospholipids in cells and biological tissues. This common lipid extraction procedure is known to have inherent variation. Using a human promyelocytic leukemia cell line and an ELISA that is sensitive and specific for PI4P, we examine sources of variation in bioassays including sample (HL‐60 cells), the extraction procedure, and lipid detection. We determined a PI4P Mass ELISA has low coefficient of variation (<10%) if the extracted sample volume is held constant and samples are prepped and lipids presented with standardized procedures. Thus, the organic solvent extraction process is the major source of variation in typical Bligh‐Dyer preparations.


Emission in the hydrogen recombination line H53-alpha has been detected, for the first time, in another galaxy: the nearby starburst system M82. This line is produced primarily by spontaneous emission and provides the most direct, extinction-independent estimate of the ionization rate in the star-forming complex. The line strength implies an ionization rate of 1.1 x 10 to the 54th/s, approximately five times larger than that inferred from Br-alpha observations, and indicates a dust extinction at 4 microns of more than 1 mag. Comparison of the 3.3 mm free-free continuum and H53-alpha fluxes implies an average electron temperature of about 5000 K. Analysis of the line excitation conditions, using the H53-alpha emission in conjunction with that in the far-IR O(2+) and N(2+) forbidden lines, together with the IR luminosity, suggests that only a very restricted range of stellar masses are formed. 41 refs.


Nickel free high nitrogen austenitic stainless steel has bio-friendly characteristics can be widely used in the products direct contacting with the skin, because it doesn't contain nickel which may make people allergic. The thesis discussed that bio-friendly nickel free high-nitrogen austenitic stainless steel was produced by introducing nitrogen to replace nickel in stainless steel. The article studied the procession technology of watch appearance part, which was made of nickel free high nitrogen austenitic stainless steel, including parts forming, cutting machining and surface treatment, etc; optimization of cutting parameter narrowed the gap of procession technology between Nickel free high nitrogen austenitic stainless steel and conventional austenitic stainless steel for watch, Bio-Steel watch was produced for the first time.


The present invention is a method of managing a logical link performed in an optical communication system which comprises a station side device (OLT) and a subscriber side device (ONU) which can establish a plurality of logical links with the station side device, the station side device transmitting a managing signal for the subscriber side device via a single logical link, the method including: a state monitoring step wherein the station side device monitors whether or not the connection state of the logical link with the subscriber side device has changed; and a link reestablishing step wherein the station side device, if a change in the connection state of the logical link has been detected in the state monitoring step, reestablishes in accordance with a predetermined procedure a logical link for device management which is a logical link used for transmitting a managing signal for a subscriber side device.


![Figure][1]

Insight from Elliott Hagedorn (left) and Leonard Zon

A new study by Gerald de Haan, Leonid Bystrykh, and colleagues suggests that the skeletal distribution of transplanted hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) clones is surprisingly nonuniform.

The extent to which HSCs engraft in


Abstract Since sludge mitigation requires new strategies for enhanced dewaterablity, several scientific and technological advancements in conditioning, dewatering and drying technologies for a variety of sludges are being developed continuously. Grappling with the problem of ever-increasing sludge volume, it is important to critically assess the new concepts to assist in rapid technological developments in this area. This paper provides a concise state-of-the-art discussion focused on the effects of the key parameters including affected dewatering performance according to the sludge type, source and its physicochemical characteristics, rheological factors, particle size distribution, floc surface charge and endogenic polymeric substances (EPS), on the dewatering performance. Since initial conditioning is highly critical on the following dewatering and drying steps, innovative methods, e.g., physical conditioning, sonication, hydrodynamic cavitation, thermal treatment, microwave, electrical treatment, photocatalytic treatment and chemical coagulation/flocculation have been included in this review. Furthermore, latest developments in dewatering and drying technologies are also discussed in terms of their advantages/disadvantages and energy demands. This paper includes a capsule discussion of control of industrial sludges and the application of advanced oxidation processes (AOP(s)) in sludge conditioning and dewatering.


A practical algorithm is presented for identifying the dynamics of a continuous-time, linear, time-invariant system, embedded in a sampled feedback loop with fixed sample time, T. It is shown that if the closed-loop configuration is stable, it is rather straightforward to design a set of experiments using a spectrum analyzer that will identify the plant transfer function to frequencies well beyond the Nyquist frequency. Experimental results are included.<<ETX>>


Real-time graphics has come a long way since the "brute-force approach" of rasterization had been classified "ridiculously expensive" in 1974. Henceforth the promise "Ray tracing is the future and ever will be" drove the development of ray tracing algorithms and hardware, and resulted in a major revolution of image synthesis. This course will take a look at how far out the future is, review the state of the art, and identify the current challenges for research. Not surprisingly, it looks like we are not done with ray tracing, yet.


Abstract From the perspective of the psychology of the individual (Robert F. Antoch, Oskar Spiel), a table of the different concepts, goals and requirements for encouraging and a table of the teacher's roles are developed.


Two quantities largely determine liquid dynamics: viscosity and the diffusion coefficient. Viscosity η is a macroscopic measure of the resistance of the fluid against shear deformation, and the diffusion coefficient D measures the long-range atomic motion. At temperatures far from the freezing point, they are connected by the Stokes-Einstein relation (SE), which holds if the fluid is sufficiently above the liquidus temperature. However, a variety of studies have found that the SE relation is not adequate to describe liquids closer to the glass. One important unresolved question has been how far one can cool down before the SE relation breaks down. Now, writing in Physical Review Letters, Jürgen Brillo and coauthors from Deutsches Zentrum für Luftund Raumfahrt, Germany, show that the Stokes-Einstein relation not only breaks down at much higher temperatures than anticipated, but also gives the wrong temperature dependence [1]. These results suggest that great caution is needed when the SE relation is used to express diffusivity in terms of viscosity, or vice versa, and that a new description needs to account for the correlations between the motion of single atoms.


This chapter considers the role of voluntary community groups in providing support to people affected by road trauma. It argues that many of these services have more or less well-developed informal peer networks, some of which have formal psychological debriefings and one-to-one support which can be used by those affected by road trauma. Others affected by such trauma have no support groups. Self-help groups both challenge and complement health and legal services, by lobbying for change, acting on behalf of consumers, and promoting alternative models of care. Although their resources are very limited, they can sometimes provide services not available from other agencies, and may appeal to accident survivors for other reasons, for example they are less formal. They can also help those witnesses and helpers at the scene of an accident, who can also experience considerable, if not severe, psychological stress. Several existing voluntary community organisations offer services to road accident survivors in the UK, the USA, Australia, and elsewhere. The Road Trauma Support Team in Tasmania is described, which may act as a model for other community-based groups, but it has so far had little statistical recording or evaluation, due to limited funds. Some challenges for road trauma support teams are discussed. For the covering abstract, see IRRD 893642.


A sub-floor assembly for a sports flooring system includes a plurality of sub-floor panel components each formed of a plastic material and each having a formed channel wherein the formed channels of the plurality of sub-floor panel components are linearly aligned. A first strip of anchoring material is disposed within the linearly aligned formed channels of the plurality of sub-floor panel components and is used to attach a plurality of flooring strips to the sub-floor panel components.


Hundreds of other Interns and I are nearing the end of our probationary year. Next year, we will be RMOs, and will no longer have an excuse for not knowing what we're doing.


Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging with sub-Nyquist sampled echo is a challenging task. Compressed sensing (CS) has been widely applied in this case to reconstruct the unambiguous image. The CS-based methods need to set the iterative parameters manually, but the appropriate parameters are usually difficult to obtain. Besides, such methods require a large number of iterations to obtain satisfactory results, which seriously restricts their practical applications. Moreover, the observation scene of SAR is not sparse in some cases. In this article, we aim at proposing an efficient and effective imaging method for nonsparse observation scenes with reduced data. First, considering the characteristics of nonsparse observation scenes in SAR imaging, we model the SAR imaging problem as a joint low-rank and sparse matrices recovery problem. After that, the iterative alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMMs) to solve the above problem is unrolled into a layer-fixed deep neural network with trainable parameters, in which the learnable parameters are layer-varied. The threshold parameters, as well as the weight parameter between the sparse part and low-rank part of each layer, are learned adaptively instead of manually tuned. Experiments prove that the proposed low-rank and sparse recovery LRSR-ADMM-Net is capable of reconstructing the nonsparse observed scene with high efficiency and precision. Particularly, the proposed LRSR-ADMM-Net yields better reconstruction performance while maintaining high computational efficiency compared with the state-of-the-art iterative recovery methods and the trainable sparse-based network methods.


ABSTRACT Generalized Confounded Row–Column (GCRC) designs for factorial experiments have been introduced and methods of constructing GCRC designs have been discussed. Fractionally replicated GCRC designs have also been constructed. The designs obtained ensure balancing with respect to estimable effects.


Two experiments were conducted on the effects of costs and viewing instructions on therapists' and college students' willingness to help a psychologically distressed individual. Empathic concern for the client (situational empathic concern), willingness to provide therapy (professional helping), and nonprofessional help were measured. It was hypothesized that (1) costs would influence both kinds of helping; (2) imagining would increase situational empathic concern; (3) situational empathic concern would moderate the effects of costs on helping; and (4) dispositional empathy would be significantly associated with empathic concern and willingness to help the client. Among the therapists, costs only influenced nonprofessional helping; imagining produced a decrease in situational empathic concern; situational empathic concern did not moderate the effects of costs; and dispositional empathy was unrelated to empathic concern or professional helping. Among the students, costs also did not affect professional hel...


Learning about earth pressure is an important factor in problems concerning geotechnical engineering. Earth pressure depends on many factors such as the nature of surcharge, soil properties and soil-wall Interaction. It is also a function of amount and type of wall deformations. Cyclic surcharges such as traffic loads, explosions and the impact of passing heavy trucks and vehicles on the backfill soils will Increase the normal stresses and lead to considerable changes of earth pressures. They also cause Strains which results in instability of retaining structures. The variety of factors influencing the soil-wall interaction may cause the dynamic earth pressure to become very complicated and hence difficult to be predicted. In addition, the distribution of dynamic earth pressure and its point of application along the wall are still unclear .In order to clearly explain the earth pressure under cyclic surcharges, both Numerical and experimental models need to be considered. Therefore, passive earth pressure under static and cyclic vertical surcharges in three different conditions of wall movement such as translation (T), rotation about the bottom (RB) and rotation about the top (RT) have been studied using popular Geotechnical software 'FLAC' based on finite difference method. In order to verify and calibrate the numerical model, some tests in passive case were carried out using the physical model of a retaining wall developed in "soil mechanic laboratory of civil and environmental engineering faculty at Amirkabir University of Technology (Nikkhah & Mirhosseini, 2004)". Finally, parametric studies have been done to investigate the effect of soil properties, type and amount of wall movements and also the nature of surcharges on passive earth pressure.


CML-BP has a poor prognosis and is refractory to most therapies. Dasatinib (SPRYCEL®), the most potent BCR-ABL inhibitor, is 325-fold more potent than imatinib in vitro against unmutated BCR-ABL. Dasatinib also inhibits important tyrosine kinases (eg, SRC family kinases) that may play a role in imatinib resistance and disease progression. Previous studies have demonstrated the efficacy and safety of dasatinib 70 mg BID for patients with imatinib-resistant or -intolerant CML-BP, leading to its approval in this patient group. CA180-035 is an open-label phase III study comparing dasatinib dosing at 70 mg BID vs 140 mg QD in patients with advanced CML (accelerated phase or BP) or Ph+ ALL who are resistant or intolerant to imatinib. The primary trial objective was to compare major hematologic response (MaHR) rates with QD or BID dosing. The main secondary objectives were to compare major cytogenetic response (MCyR) rates, time to and duration of response, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and safety profiles between the two schedules. Preliminary analyses from this study have demonstrated that QD treatment is associated with equivalent efficacy and less frequent key adverse events (AEs) compared with BID treatment. Here, 2-year results from 149 patients with myeloid BP (MBP) CML (75 QD and 74 BID) and 61 patients with lymphoid BP (LBP) CML (33 QD and 28 BID) are reported. Following dasatinib treatment, durable MaHRs and MCyRs were achieved by patients in both the MBP and LBP groups, and extended PFS and OS were observed in a proportion of patients (Table). Excluding patients that were BCR-ABL positive, Ph negative (n=10), rates of MCyR were comparable. Dasatinib was generally well tolerated, and with both schedules, cytopenias were the most commonly reported AEs. Grade 3/4 treatment-related nonhematologic AEs were infrequent with both schedules, with diarrhea, nausea, headache most commonly reported and each occurring in <7% of each group. In the LBP group, fewer drug-related fluid retention AEs of any grade, including pleural effusions, occurred with QD vs BID dosing. Only one grade 4 pleural effusion occurred (MBP QD group). For both patient populations, fewer QD-treated patients required dose reductions for toxicity. In the MBP group, median durations of dasatinib therapy were 3.3 months (QD) and 3.1 months (BID) and in the LBP group, these were 3.4 months (QD) and 3.6 months (BID). Median average daily doses with QD vs BID dosing were 140 mg vs 138 mg (MBP) and 140 mg vs 123 mg (LBP). Overall, extended follow-up from the CA180-035 study supports preliminary findings and demonstrates the equivalent efficacy of dasatinib 140 mg QD and 70 mg BID in patients with imatinib-resistant or -intolerant CML-BP. QD treatment may be associated with improved tolerability, particularly in the LBP group. Durable responses were observed with both schedules in this high-risk population.

Table

| | CML-MBP (n=149) | CML-LBP (n=61) |
|:---------------------------------------:| ---------------- | ---------------- | ----------------- |
| | 140 mg QD (n=75) | 70 mg BID (n=74) | 140 mg QDm (n=33) | 70 mg BID (n=28) |
| MaHR, n (%) | 21 (28) | 21 (28) | 14 (42) | 9 (32) |
| Median duration of MaHR (months) | 8 | 9 | 5 | 8 |
| MCyR, n (%) | 21 (28) | 22 (30) | 17 (52) | 13 (46) |
| MCyR (excluding BCR-ABL+ Ph−, n=10) (%) | 25 | 28 | 50 | 40 |
| Median duration of MCyR (months) | 7 | 10 | 4 | 8 |
| 24-month PFS (%) | 11 | 18 | NA | NA |
| 24-month OS (%) | 24 | 28 | 21 | 16 |
| Grade 3/4 neutropenia (%) | 79 | 74 | 79 | 86 |
| Grade 3/4 thrombocytopenia (%) | 81 | 80 | 85 | 86 |
| Fluid retention, any grade (%) | 34 | 31 | 21 | 39 |
| Pleural effusion, any grade (%) | 20 | 18 | 21 | 36 |
| Pleural effusion, grade 3–4 (%) | 5 | 5 | 6 | 4 |
| Pericardial effusion, any grade (%) | | 4 | | 7 |
| Discontinuation for drug toxicity n (%) | 7 (10) | 16 (22) | 5 (15) | 1 (4) |


In the era of cloud computing and the Internet of Things, fast product and service evolution has become a strong competitive advantage. Thus, the business model, business process, and system & software of the target product and service should be designed in an integrative and interactive way to satisfy key business goals (i.e., the creation of customer value and sustainable profit). We refer to this new integrative and interactive design approach that includes the business model, business process, and system & software design as "innovation design." Since business goals may change dynamically due to the speed of product/service evolution, how the innovation design should be verified and validated remains a key question. This paper proposes a new framework for the verification and validation of innovation design.


Objective  Impaired gallbladder (GB) emptying is a well‐documented contributor to gallstone formation. The aim of this study was to evaluate GB motility in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).


LONI)O I, Ft·jduy (AP) Advancing with a SPeed inclicatillg little cffectil'o opposiLioJI , tll Red army in pursuit or beaten Nazi ,troops in the urea we, t of Ro tov li as cut lhe only escape railway on this frOllt , the J~lI SSianH announced in thl' midnight cO lllmUlli· rque reeol'llcd II 1'0 by tIl oviet monitol'. The l'ail lino was cut with t he captL11'e of the district contel' of Matl'eev·Ku l'ga ll , 25 miles 1I01·th of the .:\zo\O port of 'l'UglLlH'Og, and, although it wa not immcdiaLely cl 'fir from which direction the victol'ions Rllssiuns camc, it wus cntirely possible thut lal'g() foJ'Clls of Germans wer t I'll pped by the st l·okc. The bulk of th IlIldlligllt eomllwnique dl'aIt with Red Slle· eesses i/l IlJe arras Ilorth und northll'esL of Roslov, indicating' the Soviet armie were quickly cuHil'" into the Germans retreating from this grea t area. Elsewhere the RussiullS were moving in stili closer to the Nazi slrougpolnt of Orel, at the north 'end of the now active front. The pjmJUulllque reportcd the capture or the railway town and distrlct center of Zalcgoshch, only 30 miles east of Orel , Verkhnaya Sosna, 45 miles 'southeast of Orcl, ond Pokovskoye, 40 miles southeast of tbe strollgpoin tThe Russians alrcady have reWPB·Armed Services Antagonism Renewed


Every year thousands of Canadians must travel far from home to receive specialized medical treatment or diagnosis. For many individuals, funds for air travel are limited. The Mission Air Network removes some of this stress by arranging free flights for patients and family members or escorts, using seats donated by commercial, corporate and government sponsors.


The article examines the growing importance of special operations forces in the United States. This process has been driven by factors related to the nature of the threat and to social, political and economic constraints. The innovation process has not only resulted in increased human and material resources, but in profound changes in doctrinal and organizational character. The success of these units in the US military has driven a process of military diffusion to other NATO countries, which are also enhancing its special operations forces.


Purpose
This study aims to investigate the effect of oil prices, economic growth and information communication technology (ICT) on investment into renewable energy transition (RET).

Design/methodology/approach
Based on six selected African countries (i.e. Algeria, Egypt, Angola, Ethiopia, South Africa and Nigeria), the study uses a nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag model over the period from 1995 to 2020.

Findings
The results show that increasing oil prices, by substitution effect, leads to increasing RET investment, while declining oil prices lead to decreasing RET investment in the short and long run. Furthermore, the results reveal that increasing real gross domestic product leads to increased RET investment, while declining real gross domestic product (GDP) leads to decreasing RET investment both in the short and long run. Simultaneously, the study shows that increasing ICT has a significant and positive impact on RET investment, while declining ICT has a significant negative impact on RET investment in the short and long run.

Originality/value
The findings of this study have advanced the understanding of which factors significantly influence RET investment and the need to concentrate efforts on strategically addressing those factors. The findings indicate that these countries are at the progressive stage in terms of renewable energy; though increasing oil prices contribute to rising RET investment, the countries can be more proactive by improving the full potential of ICT as well as facilitating the growth of their economies.


In this study, a series of simulations were carried out to study the effects of size, composition and geometric structure on the structural and magnetic properties of ternary Ni–Pt–Cu nanoalloys. Different sizes and compositions were considered to compare the structural stability and magnetic behavior of Ni2Pt n Cu17-n (n = 0–17), Ni3Pt n Cu20-n (n = 0–20) and Ni4Pt n Cu22-n (n = 0–22) nanoalloy systems. We performed combinations of Gupta and density functional theory (DFT) simulations to check the validity of atomistic potentials against DFT. We calculated the excess energy to analyze the relative stability of Ni–Pt–Cu nanoalloys. The most negative excess energy values at the Gupta level are obtained in the compositions Ni2Pt5Cu12 in Ni2PtnCu17-n, Ni3Pt8Cu12 in Ni3PtnCu20-n and Ni4Pt9Cu13 in Ni4Pt n Cu22-n nanoalloys. While the most stable compositions Ni2Pt5Cu12 and Ni3Pt8Cu12 at the Gupta level do not agree with those obtained at the DFT level, the lowest energy values were obtained in the same composition Ni4Pt9Cu13 of 26-atom trimetallic nanoalloys at the Gupta and DFT levels. It was also found that most of the atoms on surface sites suffer tensile strain with substitution of Pt atoms. We have also investigated the total magnetic moments of the nanoalloys. In addition, the correlation of the local magnetic moments and charges of the atoms in these systems were discussed. It was found that total magnetic moments of trimetallic nanoalloys follow an almost linear dependence on the Pt concentration, despite the small concentration of Ni atoms and the weak magnetic properties of Pt atoms.


The concentrations of potentially toxic elements (Fe, Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni, Cr, and Zn) in most consumed medicinal herbs in Northern Nigeria were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS). Twenty medicinal herbs were selected and purchased from the local markets. The findings of the study revealed that the investigated herb samples contained considerable levels of elements; Cu, Fe, Pb, Cd, and Cr above the permissible limits. The health risk observed as hazard index (HI) indicated that values were >1, in some samples. Therefore, the consumption of these studied medicinal herbs should be monitored to prevent the health implication due to a high level of these elements in the medicinal herbs.


According to the widespread opinion of historians, modern mechanics is the result of a revolutionary phenomenon that occurred during the Renaissance, during the so-called scientific revolution, because of the concourse of many factors including the discovery of fundamental mathematical and scientific Archimedean, or more generally Hellenistic, texts, the spread of a Platonic vision of reality in which mathematics played a key role and more in general the affirmation of a mechanistic natural philosophy. I have a different opinion; according to it modern mechanics was primarily born as a natural development of a mechanics carried out by more or less remote mathematicians, of whom Archimedes was an illustrious exponent only. Besides mechanics, these mathematicians developed other sciences known as mixed mathematics: optics, astronomy, music, which are at the basis of modern mathematical physics. This article intends to support this latter opinion making reference to original documents.


Salivary gland tumours constitutes 3 – 6% of head and neck neoplasms. 80% of tumours occur in parotid gland and 80 % are benign. Superficial parotidectomy is the commonest performed procedure for parotid tumours, which can be done either in antegrade or retrograde facial nerve dissection fashion.


Previous unpublished observations from this laboratory indicated that coronary vessels in the kitten heart perfused by Langendorff's method develop more spontaneous tone than those in perfused hearts from cats (>la5 kg), rabbits or guineapigs. This led us to examine the isolated coronary arteries from the kitten for the study of coronary vasodilators. Kittens of either sex, 500-850 g, were anaesthetized with ether and the heart removed and placed in cold McEwen solution (1956) gassed with 5 % carbon dioxide in oxygen. The aorta was quickly cannulated and the heart perfused by Langendorff's method. The anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery, being superficially located, was then readily dissected free from the myocardium and all side branches ligated. The vessel was cannulated with a 23 gauge needle from which the tip had been removed. A 1 to 1.5 cm piece of the artery was cut away from the heart and perfused as described for the rabbit ear arterypreparation (De La Lande & Rand, 1965) with McEwen solution maintained at 32" and gassed with 5 % carbon dioxide in oxygen. The initial perfusion rate was 5 ml min-l and this was gradually increased stepwise in 0.5 ml min-l increments over 30 to 60 min until the artery began to develop tone. The maximum perfusion rates used were 7 to 8 ml min-l. When the tone became constant single doses of the compounds under test were injected in a volume of 0.05 ml into the rubber tube connecting the arterial cannula to the perfusion apparatus. Most preparations developed a resistance to perfusion of 30 to 90 mm Hg. This is much higher than the values of 3 to 20mm Hg reported for isolated coronary arteries of the dog perfused with McEwen solution (Trinker, 1973). It was therefore possible to study coronary dilators without using spasmogens as have been employed in most other recent studies of isolated coronary artery preparations (see for example Bohr, 1967; Baron, Speden & Bohr, 1972; Norton, Gellai & Detar, 1972; Johansson, 1973). Dilatation of the isolated coronary artery was produced by acetylcholine (0.7 to 4 x 10-lo mol), nicotine (2 to 4 x mol), bradykinin (0.5 to 2 x 10-lo mol), adenosine (0.5 to 4 x mol) and adenosine triphosphate (0.2 to 1-8 x mol). Threshold dilator doses given above were found in 4 or more preparations. These took some time to establish for nicotine, bradykinin and the adenine nucleotides due to increases in the sensitivity of the artery to repeated injections of these compounds. Dilatation of the artery was also produced by j?-adrenoceptor agonists. Comparisons of threshold doses showed that the artery was more sensitive to isoprenaline (0.5 to 1 x 10-l1 mol) than noradrenaline (0.5 to 1 x 10-lo mol) or adrenaline (1.5 to 3 x 10-lo mol). A section of a trace in which several doses of isoprenaline and adrenaline were tested for mol), histamine (1 to 1.5 x


Okra or commonly known in its Latin as abelmoschus esculentus are one of the green vegetables that is most consumed around the world and is utilized as medicine. Due to post-harvest losses, inadequate storage facilities lead to customers losing fresh okra. Therefore, farmers use traditional drying preservation methods by utilizing solar heat. The research objectives is to identify and evaluate the antinutrient, mineral, and proximate compositions of fresh and dried okra obtained from Gusau Market in Nigeria. Researchers analyzed and compared the samples using standard analytical methods and statistical packages from IBM SPSS version 21. The analysis revealed that the fresh and dried okra samples had the following amounts of water, ash, protein, fiber, carbs, lipids, and total energy: 75.30-8.56%; 1.85-8.05%; 16.44-77.25%; 4.30-2.03%; 0.18-3.15%; 1.93-0.96%; and 56.11-325.76%. While concentrations of mineral elements of fresh and dried okra are 98.22-97.80; 5.45-4.45; 9.75-9.35; 78.52-69.35; 21.36-19.26; and 30.52-29.60 in mg/100g respectively. The phytochemical screening shows the presence of Tannin, Oxalate, Phytate, Saponin, Phenolic, Flavonoid and Alkaloid. For sampling of fresh and dried okra, the amounts of flavonoid and alkaloid in mg/100g are 18.6-17.95 and 10.64-15.14, respectively. There is no significance different in proximate, mineral elements and anti nutritional content between fresh and dried okra samples. Therefore, the researchers can decide that the traditional way by utilizing solar heat is still being utilised by most of farmers. The appropriate method for farmers to prevent lossing okra when post-harvest is having conducive environment for them in order to avoid possible contamination.


The invention relates to a microbeam tungsten argon arc welding method for a magnesium alloy thin-walled tube. A low-magnesium aluminum alloy welding wire is used as a filling material, and the thin-walled tube is welded by a microbeam tungsten argon arc welding process under inert gas shielding. The low-magnesium aluminum alloy welding wire comprise 9.5%-11.6% of Al (aluminum), 0.6%-1.75% of Zn (zinc), 0.15%-0.35% of Mn (manganese), 0.01%-0.05% of Cu (copper), 0.02%-0.05% of Si (silicon) and the balance Mg (magnesium) in mass percent. The microbeam tungsten argon arc welding method for the magnesium alloy thin-walled tube is high in welding efficiency and convenient and flexible in application, and can be used for obtaining a crack-free welding joint without magnesium-aluminum brittle compounds. Compared with a conventional tungsten argon arc welding method, the microbeam tungsten argon arc welding method has the advantages that arc stability of microbeam argon arc welding for the magnesium alloy thin-walled tube is obviously improved, the tensile strength of the welding joint is 30% higher than that of a conventional tungsten argon arc welding joint, the elongation of the welding joint is increased by 10%, and the use requirements of industrial production on magnesium alloy thin-walled tube welding component can be met.


The position of the internal defect is an important basis of quality evaluation for products.The selection of matching points for defects in stereo images is a key technique in disparity locating.The edge or shape center of the defect is often adopted as matching points.But experimental results show that the methods can bring great errors.So a kind of depth location technique based on energy center matching is proposed and precision analysis is carried out to verify that the algorithm provided in the paper can improve locating precision greatly.


A method is reported for the determination of As, Pb, Cd, Cr, Hg in polyethylene (FE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS) and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS) by ICP-MS. The samples of these wrapper materials were pretreated by microwave digestion. The effects of digestion media, digestion temperature and holding time on digestion results were investigated. The working conditions and the internal standard elements for ICP-MS determination were optimized. The detection limits for 5 elements were in the range of 0.06~0.10μg/g, the recoveries were 93%~106% and the RSDs were less than 8%. The method is accurate, reliable and applicable in the analysis of practical samples.


Objective: Propranolol HCl loaded microparticles was prepared using non-aqueous emulsification solvent evaporation technique having higher Encapsulation efficiency and slower the drug release. Nondegradable based on ammonio methacrylate copolymers containing the hydrophilic drug Propranolol HCl were prepared with an oil-in-oil (O/O) solvent evaporation technique by using Eudragit RSPO or Eudragit RLPO individually or in a combination of both polymer . Our objective was to apply this technique in order to develop highly water soluble drugs loaded microparticles with both these copolymers. Method: In the present work we have selected antihypertensive drug Propranolol HCl due to its short half life and highly water solubility for the preparation of sustained release microparticles using modified O/O Emulsion Solvent Evaporation method. The sustained release microparticles of Propranolol HCl with Eudragit in the different ratios of 1:1, 1:3, 1:5 and 1:7 (wt/wt) were prepared using span 80 as a surface active agent. Results: Evaluate the obtained microparticles on the basis of percentage batch yield, encapsulation efficiency, effect of surfactant concentration, phase volume ratio and polymer concentration. The obtained microparticles were subjected to FT-IR, X-Ray powder diffractometry, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) as well as kinetic drug release study. The Eudragit loaded microparticles were spherical with diameters in the range of 56.66 – 167.66 µm by O/O method. Microparticles prepared by combination of Eudragit RSPO and Eudragit RLPO shows maximum encapsulation efficiency (87.70±0.7205) than microparticles prepared by WO


Monitoring thermal performance in the current generation of combined cycle power plants is frequently a challenge. The "lean" plant staff and organizational structure of the companies that own and operate these plants frequently does not allow the engineering resources to develop and maintain an effective program to monitor thermal performance. Additionally, in many combined cycle plants the highest priority is responding to market demands rather than maintaining peak efficiency. Finally, in many cases the plants are not designed with performance monitoring in mind, thus making it difficult to accurately measure commonly used indices of performance. This paper describes the performance monitoring program being established at a new combined cycle plant that is typical of many combined cycle plants built in the last five years. The plant is equipped with GE 7FA gas turbines and a GE reheat steam turbine. The program was implemented using a set of easy-to-use spreadsheets for the major plant components. The data for the calculation of indices of performance for the various components comes from the plant DCS system and the PI system (supplied by OSIsoft). In addition to the development of spreadsheets, testing procedures were developed to ensure consistent test results and plant personnel were trained to understand, use and maintain the spreadsheets and the information they produce.Copyright © 2004 by ASME


A supporting structure of segmented mirror for Fourier telescope field experimental system is proposed,and the fabrication and assemble sequence of each part are introduced.The segmented mirror,6 meters in height and 5.5 meters in width,which is composed of 61 hexagon spherical sub-mirrors,is the biggest segmented mirror telescope used for energy collecting in China till now.The sub-mirror cell is designed in modular block so that it is interchangeable and its three FOD precision adjust can be realized.The supporting truss adopts fission structure for its assemble and transport to become easy.The ground base uses pre-embedded bar and beton.Each component joins with the ground base by bolts.In this way,the integer rigidity is ensured and the temperature adaptability is also satisfied.The experiment indicates that the stability of support structure is better than 0.075 mrad and the angle adjust accuracy is better than 0.05 mrad.The co-focus experiment of 8 segments which are already assembled indicates that superposition accuracy of spots center of mass is less than 20 mm.All the results above show that the proposed supporting structure satisfies the technical requirements of the field experimental system.


A safe, non-invasive imaging technique which captures articulatory movements in real time is the Holy Grail of articulatory analysis. Ultrasound imaging of the tongue seems suitable, albeit for a single articulator. However, ultrasound requires positioning a probe under the chin which may inhibit jaw movement. It is well-known that speakers compensate rapidly for similar articulatory perturbations such as bite-blocks. Consequently, the images obtained by ultrasound may show compensatory articulations due to jaw inhibition, rather than natural articulations. This study assesses the eects of articulatory compensation during ultrasound imaging using acoustic analysis. The experiment compares acoustic data from three speech conditions: probe-free, probe held manually, probe fixed non-manually. It is hypothesised that sounds requiring a low jaw position, such as low vowels, velars, and velarised laterals, will be worst aected. High jaw sounds such as /s/ and /i/ are also assessed. Any dierences between conditions are assumed to be due to compensation for jaw immobility rather than learnt segment-specific register eects and are therefore unlikely to diminish as the subjects relax. Variability may diminish, however, as compensatory strategies become more practised. We expect to find some eects on certain segments, but that manual probe holding allows for more natural speech.


This paper aims to present a possibility for history teaching, making use of chronicles written by Brazilian writer Rachel de Queiroz in newspapers and magazines of the first half of the twentieth century. Previously, we present an author short biography, focusing her context of production, then we briefly analyze the selected chronicles and point out opportunities to work with students. This document provides a personal reading on certain topics, and also a broader critical and historical perception of the world.


The effect of an applied tensile stress on the pore ordering during anodization of aluminum was studied. A regular arrangement of nanopores was observed at a relatively low external tensile stress. On the contrary, a high tensile stress completely destroys the pore arrangement on anodized surfaces. Under such conditions, huge holes and pits are formed on the surface. The arrangement of nanopores on samples anodized under applied stresses was examined by Fourier transform analysis and Delaunay triangulation and compared with nonstressed samples. The ordering of pores was found to be dependent on the applied tensile stress. The percent of defects in the triangular lattice increases with increasing applied tensile stress. This result suggests that the surface stress has to be taken into account in a future modeling of the growth of porous oxide layer on anodized aluminum.


Relapsing polychondritis is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with an autoimmune disorder involving the cartilaginous tissue, eyes, and blood vessels.This case report describes an 82-year-old man who was referred to our clinic with a chief complaint of a one-month history of bilateral perichondritis of the auricles. The patient was diagnosed as having relapsing polychondritis in the early stage, one month after onset. The diagnosis was based on bilateral perichondritis and the response to systemic predonine. Antinuclear antibodies, P-ANCA, C-NACA were negative. HLA-DR4 was positive. Intravenous predonine administration was initiated, and auricular chondritis was improved within 3 days.


Problem statement: Previous studies focused on explaining the long ru n determinants of currency demand offering limited insight into the s hort-run determinants and co-variability of daily demand in cash supply chains. Approach: This study contrasted competing techniques of fore casting daily demand in cash supply chains in order to dete rmine the overall performance and the potential of joint forecasting for integrated planning. A joint forecasting approach was compared with well- established causal forecasting techniques, namely, a vector time series model and a seasonal ARIMA model using simple methods as benchmarks. Evaluation was based on multiple time series obtained from mid-size European bank with forecasting horizons of up to 28 days. Forecasting accuracy was measured using the mean absolute percentage error. Results: The seasonal ARIMA model resulted in a higher forecasting accuracy compared to the vector time series model. Variability in demand was mainly attributed to the day-of-the-week effect. Co -variability is captured by seasonality and calenda r effects limiting the potential of joint forecasting . Cumulative forecasts for periods of 14 days are v ery robust with mean percentage errors of approximately two percent. Conclusion: The results confirmed the benefit of advanced forecasting techniques for daily forecasts. However, the study suggested that the role of information sharing is limited to coord ination of replenishments across the cash supply chain and does not yield more accurate forecasts ba sed on joint forecasting.


This case study, specifically though the study of the case of the recent M&A of Sime Darby Berhad ("SDB"), aims to examine SDB in executing M&A in theory, of which the rationale and reasonableness of value creation and synergistic potential from undertaking the M&A is to be examined and assessed.


An intermediate boson scheme of weak interactions is proposed within the framework of the SU (6) symmetry theory. Under the assumptions that: (1) the intermediate bosons belong to the IR (irreducible representation) 21; (2) the weak currents belong to the adjoint representation I R 35; and (3) the s- and p-wave semiweak interactions are assigned to the (3 * , 1) part of the IR 21 and the (3 * , 3) part of the IR 15 respectively, we obtain an effective nonleptonic interaction which gives three sum rules for the s-wave (parity-violating) and one for the p-wave (parity-conserving) decay amplitudes of the hyperons. These relations seem to be well-satisfied by the experimental data.


Review question / Objective: What are the effects of diabetes mellitus on the calcium homeostasis in vascular endothelial cells? -To describe the effects of diabetes on the mechanisms that regulate intracellular calcium; -To describe other molecules/mechanisms that alters intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. Condition being studied: Diabetes mellitus is a pathology with a high incidence in the population, characterized by an increase in blood glucose. People with diabetes are 2-4 times more likely to suffer from a cardiovascular complication, such as total or partial loss of sight, myocardial infarction, kidney failure, among others. Cardiovascular complications have been reported to derive from dysfunction of endothelial cells, which have important functions in blood vessels. In order to understand the etiology of this poor function of endothelial cells, it is necessary to study the molecular mechanisms involved in these functions, to identify the effects of diabetes and thus, develop new research that will mitigate the effects of this pathology.


As the first stage in the rulemaking process, MSHA prepared requirements for the approval and use of permissible explosives and blasting items in underground coal mines. These draft requirements known as "preproposals" were announced in the Federal Register in mid-1984. The draft requirements on the use of explosives were written as a revision to Title 30, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 75, Subpart:N. The draft requirements for approval of permissible explosives including sheathed explosives for unconfined applications, approval of water stemming bags, approval of detonators and approval of blasting machines were prepared as Parts 15, 16, 17 and 25 respectively. During the development and preparation of the preproposals, it was determined that field research on delay blasting of coal would be needed before the draft approval and use requirements could be finalized. In order to conduct the field research, an experimental site was acquired by the Bureau of Mines. The Bureau of Mines under a contract, obtained a surface coal mine site in Ohio to conduct field research on the delay blasting of coal. The major objective of the research program was to study total elapsed delay time for blasting bituminous coal and determine if it could be safely expanded beyond the present 500 millisecond limitations without igniting a methane or methane/ coal dust atmosphere. The preliminary results from the work completed to date indicate that the increase of total delay from 500 to 1000 milliseconds has no detectable effect on safety relative to incendivity as long as permissible practices are observed in all other aspects.


The clustering analysis of population is a very useful method in drawing up urban planning.In the paper the basic principle and method of PATHCLUST algorithm is introduced,some principle for choosing clustering algorithms are given,and the application of how to drawing the layout and serving district of high school during the compiling of LuoYang NO 3 urban planning is deeply discussed.


EXECUTIVE SUMMARY * In determining the age at which a worker should apply for Social Security benefits, consideration should be given to current and expected future sources of income, age of beneficiary and spouse, health issues that could affect longevity and whether the beneficiary will continue to work while receiving benefits. * There is no "one-size-fits-all" answer for deciding when Social Security benefits should be started. Many workers will benefit by beginning to receive benefits at age 62 due to their circumstances and needs. For others, waiting until full retirement age, or even later, will provide higher annual income in the years ahead when their expenses might outpace their resources. * How long does it take to break even in the game of taking benefits at early vs. normal retirement age? If two retirees are now 65 and one started collecting Social Security benefits at age 62 and the other starts now, they will collect the same total amount of money when they are 77 years old. * It's important to do preretirement calculations at least every three years, to take into account any changing circumstances and/or changes in the rules as they apply to Social Security benefits, pensions and investment savings. ********** What's the best age to begin collecting Social Security benefits? Is it 62? 65? 67? Here's a guide to help you maximize your financial security--and that of your clients--through your 60s and beyond. HOW THE SYSTEM WORKS In order for workers to receive Social Security benefits, they must meet certain criteria. The basic requirement for eligibility is the accumulation of 40 work credits during one's working life. A worker earns one work credit for predetermined dollar earnings ($970 in 2006), to a maximum of four work credits in any calendar year. Full-time workers earn this easily in the early part of the year; even part-time workers can earn the requisite work credits within 10 years. The second computation is the average of the worker's highest 35 years of earnings. These years need not be consecutive, but any "0" years lower the average. The good news is that earnings are adjusted for inflation. An inflation factor is applied to all earnings before age 60, making them approximate current dollars. The amount of the benefit a worker receives is a percentage of that calculated amount. Because the intent of Social Security is to provide a safety net for low-income workers, the system is designed to provide higher benefits to this group. Where a high-income worker might receive replacement of about 25% of income, workers who earned minimum wages throughout their working lives might receive as much as 62% pay replacement. The third variable in determining your benefits is the age at which you begin to draw them (see exhibit 1). In the early 1980s, in order to meet a potential shortfall in funding, Social Security revised the "Full Retirement Age" schedule, spreading out the age at which workers could receive full benefits from the system. The ability to draw early benefits at age 62 did not change, but be aware that discounts apply for early payment of benefits. The discount for early payment of benefits is calculated in two stages. For the first 36 months of early filing, payment is reduced 5/9 of 1% per month; then payment is reduced 5/12 of 1% for each additional month. As an example, if you opt to begin your benefits at 62 and your full retirement age is 66, you will be drawing your benefit four years--or 48 months--early Your payment would then be about 75% of your full benefit. When you opt for this early benefit, you will continue at this lowered amount throughout your life. Exhibit 1 Full Retirement Age Normal Year of retirement Payment birth age at 62 1937 or earlier 65 80% of full benefit 1938 65 & 2 months 79. …


American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) clinical practice guidelines have been viewed as among the most valuable benefits of ASCO membership, surpassed only by the Annual Meeting and Journal of Clinical Oncology (JCO). Five of the top ten most frequently accessed in JCO are ASCO clinical practice guidelines. During the past 15 years, ASCO has published some 25 guidelines or technology assessments under the auspices of the Health Services Committee (HSC) and the approval of the ASCO Board of Directors. Though clearly a valuable component of ASCO membership, important limitations of the guidelines have also been pointed out, including their limited number, lack of frequent updates, and difficult implementation in daily practice, among other weaknesses. The strengths and limitations of ASCO clinical practice guidelines along with efforts recently initiated or planned to enhance the ASCO guideline process were recently summarized in a Special Article by Somerfield et al1 in the August 20 issue of JCO. The authors note that ASCO guidelines are often viewed as out of date, difficult to locate, and awkward to implement in everyday clinical oncology practice. Though these limitations are not unique to ASCO guidelines, the HSC has taken steps to improve the ASCO guideline process and final product.


Physiological responses to CH include polycythemia, pulmonary arterial (PA) remodeling and vasoconstriction leading to pulmonary hypertension. We have recently demonstrated that NFATc3 is activated in PA from CH mice and it mediates CH‐induced PA remodeling with increased α‐actin expression. Our aim was to evaluate the mechanisms of CH‐induced NFAT activation in PA. 9xNFAT‐luciferase reporter mice were exposed to normoxia (N, 630 torr) or CH (380 torr) for 2 days. The animals were treated subcutaneously or by osmotic pumps with the calcineurin/NFAT inhibitor cyclosporin A (CsA, 25 mg/Kg/day); the non‐selective endothelin (ET) receptors antagonist PD145065 (0.1 mg/kg/day); the L‐type Ca2+ channel blocker diltiazem (100 mg/kg/day); the Rho kinase (ROK) inhibitor HA‐1077 (30 mg/kg/day) or vehicle (V). CH‐induced NFAT activation in PA was significantly inhibited by CsA and diltiazem, demonstrating the already established role of intracellular Ca2+ as an activator of calcineurin/NFAT pathway. ROK activity increases in CH and this pathway has been shown to activate NFAT in immune cells. Consistently, we found that HA‐1077 significantly attenuated CH‐induced NFAT activation. ET‐1 is an important factor in the development of pulmonary hypertension, also it is a potent activator of NFATc3 ex vivo but in the current study PD145065 failed to prevent NFAT activation. In conclusion, Ca2+ /calcineurin and ROK seem to mediate CH‐induced NFAT activation in PA. Supported by American Lung Association.