Question In patients 50 years of age with chronic knee pain, does adding an Internet-based intervention with home exercise and automated pain-coping skills training (PCST) to educational materials improve pain and function? Methods Design Randomized controlled trial. ACTRN 12614000243617. Allocation Concealed.* Blinding Blinded* (statistician). Follow-up period 9 months. Setting 7 states in Australia. Patients 148 community-dwelling adults 50 years of age (mean age 61 y, 56% women) who had knee pain for >3 months, on >50% of days in the past month, and during walking (numerical rating scale [NRS] score 4 out of 10 [0 to 10, 10 = worst pain possible]) in the past week; and mild-to-moderate physical dysfunction (>20 out of 68 on the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index [WOMAC] physical function subscale). Exclusion criteria were systemic arthritic condition; neurologic condition affecting lower limbs or limiting exercise; pain at another site worse than the knee pain; high-level depression; past or planned joint replacement in the symptomatic knee; treatment for knee pain, participation in strengthening exercise or a PCST program, intraarticular corticoid injection, or knee surgery in the past 6 months; or lack of e-mail account or computer with Internet access. Intervention Internet-delivered exercise and PCST with educational materials (Ex-PCST) (n =74) or educational materials alone (n =74). Patients in the Ex-PCST group received 8 weekly interactive, automated, PCST modules. They practiced pain-coping skills, including progressive relaxation, activityrest cycling, and distraction techniques. They also participated in 7 Skype sessions with physiotherapists over 12 weeks. Physiotherapists prescribed personalized leg-strengthening home-exercise programs to be done 3 times per week with instructions and video demonstrations, and provided equipment. Online educational materials included information about exercise, physical activity, healthy eating, pain management, medication, complementary therapies, and emotions. Outcomes Pain during walking (NRS) and physical function (WOMAC) at 3 months. Secondary outcomes included the primary outcomes at 9 months. Patient follow-up 90% (intention-to-treat analysis). Main results The main results are in the Table. Conclusion In patients 50 years of age with chronic knee pain, adding an Internet-based intervention with physiotherapist-prescribed home exercise and automated pain-coping skills training to educational materials improved pain and physical function. Internet-delivered exercise and PCST with educational materials (Ex-PCST) vs educational materials alone in patients 50 y with chronic knee pain Outcomes Assessment period (mo) Mean improvement from baseline Mean difference in change from baseline (95% CI) P value Ex-PCST Educational materials alone Pain during walking (NRS) 3 2.7 1.2 1.6 (0.9 to 2.3) <0.001 9 2.5 1.5 1.1 (0.4 to 1.8) 0.003 Physical function (WOMAC) 3 14 4.9 9.3 (5.9 to 12.7) <0.001 9 14 6.6 7.0 (3.4 to 10.5) <0.001 NRS = numerical rating scale; PCST = pain-coping skills training; WOMAC = Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index; CI defined in Glossary. Range 0 to 10, lower score indicates less pain. Minimum clinically important difference =1.8. Positive within-group change indicates improvement; positive between-group difference favors Ex-PCST. Range 0 to 68, lower score indicates better function. Minimum clinically important difference =6. Commentary Recent studies have found remote real-time evaluation of musculoskeletal disorders to be feasible and reliable (1) and exercise programs effective for improving pain and function (2), similar to usual care. Bennell and colleagues showed that Ex-PCST could be used with high rates of adherence and participant satisfaction. Given the strict enrolment criteria, only 21% of patients assessed for study eligibility were enrolled. Most of these patients had higher levels of education, were experienced in the use of social media on the Internet, and had expectations of moderate or large improvement. The reasons eligible participants withdrew or were uninterested in participating are not described, but other studies (3) have found that this may be due to apprehension about technology, loss of personal contact with caregivers, and fear of injury during unsupervised exercise. It is difficult to estimate the effectiveness of this program among the broader population of people with chronic knee pain. Ex-PCST was effective over 3 months, but effects decreased between 3 and 9 months as adherence to both the home-exercise and pain-coping skills components decreased. Although the effectiveness of the individual components of Ex-PCST was not assessed, the effects of the educational program in the control group did not decrease over the same period. The reasons for reduced effectiveness in the Ex-PCST group have not been explored but might include the loss of real-time contact with the physiotherapist. Although ongoing contacts between individual patients and physiotherapists may not be feasible, group refresher contacts with physiotherapists could be studied as a means of maintaining program effectiveness. As populations age, the burden of chronic musculoskeletal disorders increases, and provision of health care becomes unsustainable under current funding models. Health care systems must evolve to ensure timely and affordable access to safe and effective care. Further research into remote rehabilitation of musculoskeletal disorders might help promote this evolution.


Online communities are valuable for university in terms of marketing in two major aspects: as a communication medium with the outside world and as an information source about the object of marketing, users' reactions, the competitors' activity and other features.Nowadays many different online communities exist in the World Wide Web. It is well known that online marketing cannot be maintained in all or even in a large part of them. Therefore, an important task that precedes the active online marketing actions is to define multiple communities, in which marketing actions will be carried out.Definition of communities is based on the analysis of their content, especially on discussions in the community and community's rankings.In this paper a new method for university positioning via social networks is proposed, strategies for online marketing are discussed and options for using these strategies in the process of positioning the university are proposed, certain basic principles of university positioning in social networks are set.The peculiarities of implementation of positioning strategies of the two most popular in Ukraine social networks are compared, and stages of positioning are defined. The means to increase trust rate to the official pages and groups among social networks users re proposed.The main stages for monitoring the effectiveness of methods and means for positioning are defined


Flyover infrastructure development is regarded to be the best solution to Jakarta's serious traffic problem. Jakarta provincial government (JPG) engage capable contractors, such as government contractors or state-owned contractor enterprises (SOCEs) to ensure the flyover projects be completed on time and achieve the aim of reducing traffic congestion in Jakarta. However, the flyover projects are faced with several challenges that have impact on project performance. Hence, the aim of the research is to investigate the challenges faced by SOCEs in managing the flyover projects and to determine the involvement of quantity surveyors (QS) in the flyover project. Based on literature review, the challenges in managing the flyover project were categorized into six (6) categories. They were management process, money, material, construction method, machinery and manpower. This research used quantitative analysis method to investigate the challenges faced by SOCEs in managing the flyover projects and using qualitative analysis method to determine the involvement of QS in the flyover projects based on data collection by distributing the questionnaire to respondents who had been managing the project. In this study, the projects represented the flyover projects in Jakarta that were constructed since the year of 2010 and the construction of the project were undertaken by SOCEs. Based on to the analysis, the cash flow problem and project near traffic congestion were investigated as the challenges that brought major impact on project performance. In addition, regarding QS in flyover project, QS faced with difficulties to understand the lump sum and design & build contract due to this type of contract is first time applied by JPG on the flyover project since its commencement in 2015. By investigating the challenges in managing the flyover project and enhancing the role of the QSs, it will provide basis for project management team who will manage similar projects in the future to improve project performance.


On Earth Day 1970, a newly emerging environmentalism movement made its first large—scale effort to educate people about the dangers of pollution. This was a tough task: At the time, most folks weren't all that interested in environmental problems. These days, however, environmentalism has broad public support. People hear and read daily about a growing list of environmental Problems-global warming, acid rain, depletion of the ozone layer, air and water pollution, hazardous waste disposal, the buildup of solid wastes and they are calling for solutions. The new environmentalism has caused many consumers to rethink what products they buy and from whom. According to one recent study, nearly half of all Americans say they would change product brands to support environmental friendliness. "People are changing their brand loyalties based on things like a company's reputation for helping or harming the environment," comments an environmental researcher. For example, when the Massachusetts utility market recently was opened to competition, over 25 percent of customers chose to pay more by signing up with a utility employing "green" sources such as Wind, geothermal, and solar power. Such consumer attitudes have sparked a major marketing thrust— green marketing--the movement by companies to develop and market environmentally responsible products. Committed green companies pursue not only environmental cleanup but also pollution prevention. True green work requires companies to practice the three Rs of waste management: reducing, reusing, and recycling waste. McDonald's provides a good example of green marketing. It used to purchase Coca-Cola syrup in plastic bags encased in cardboard, but now the syrup is delivered as gasoline is, pumped directly from tank trucks into storage vats at restaurants. The change saved 68 million pounds of packaging a year. All napkins, bags, and tray liners in McDonald's restaurants are made from recycled paper, as are its carry out drink trays and even. the stationery used at headquarters. For a company the size of McDonald's, even small changes can make a big difference. For example, just making its drinking straws 20 percent lighter saved the company 1 million pounds of waste per year. Beyond turning its own products green, McDonald's purchases recycled materials for building and remodeling its restaurants, and it challenges its suppliers to furnish and use recycled products. Producers in a wide range of industries are responding to environmental concerns. For example, 3M runs a Pollution Prevention Pays program, which has led to substantial pollution and cost reduction. Xerox now remanufactures its copy machines and markets them as "proven workhorses" under names such as "Eco-series," "Renaissance," and "Green Line." Herman Miller, the large office—furniture manufacturer, set a trend in the furniture industry when it began using tropical woods from sustainably managed sources, altering even its classic furniture lines. But it went even further by reusing packaging, recapturing solvents used in staining, and burning fabric scraps and sawdust to generate energy for its manufacturing plant. These moves not only help the environment, they also save Herman Miller $750,000 per year on energy and landfill costs. Service providers are going green, too. Studies indicate that 85 percent of travelers are willing to pay as much as 8 percent more to stay in an environmentally friendly hotel. Sheraton Hotels recently opened its first environmentally smart hotel in the United States. At a cost of $14 million, it built the Sheraton Rittenhouse Hotel in Philadelphia using only materials and fabrics that are produced without toxic bleaches or dyes. All of the hotel's furniture is made of wood harvested from managed forests and all of the carpets, draperies, paint, and wallpaper are free of toxic chemicals. The entire hotel is designated nonsmoking and a ventilation system ensures that fresh air is circulated into all rooms at all times. A six—story central atrium houses bamboo trees, which grow at a rate of one meter each day and produce oxygen at a rate 35 percent higher than most other plants. The walls of the atrium are fashioned from Wall Street Journal rejects and soybeans, while the floor is made from engineered bamboo. Even retailers are jumping onto the green bandwagon. For example, Grow Biz International has developed a $100 million business selling used equipment through retail chains such as Play It Again, Once upon a Child, Computer Renaissance, Music Go Round, and Disk Go Round. Wal— Mart is pressuring its 7,000 suppliers to provide it with more recycled products. In its stores, Wal—Mart runs Videos to help educate customers, and the retailer has set up more than 900 recycling drop—off bins in store parking lots around the nation. It's even opening "ecofriendly" stores. In these stores, the air—conditioning systems use non-ozone-depleting refrigerant, rainwater is collected from parking lots and rooftops for landscaping, skylights supplement fluorescent lighting adjusted by photo sensors, and the road sign is solar powered. During the early phase of the new environmentalism, promoting environmentally improved products and actions ballooned into a big business. In fact, environmentalists and regulators became concerned that companies were going overboard with their use of terms like recyclable, degradable, compostable, and environmentally responsible. Perhaps of equal concern was that, as more and more marketers used green marketing claims, more and more consumers would view them as little more than gimmicks. In 1992, as a result of such concerns, the Federal Trade Commission issued a set of voluntary guidelines for green marketing terms to help guide marketers making environmental claims for their products. Revisions of the guidelines were finalized in 1998. As we move into the twenty—first century environmentalism appears to be moving into a more mature phase. Gone are the hastily prepared environmental pitches and products designed to capitalize on or exploit growing public concern. The new environmentalism is now going mainstream-broader, deeper, and more sophisticated. In the words of one analyst: Dressing up ads with pictures of eagles and trees will no longer woo an environmentally sophisticated audience. People want to know that companies are incorporating environmental values into their manufacturing processes, products, packaging, and the very fabric of their corporate cultures. They . . . want to know that companies will not compromise the ability of future generations to enjoy the quality of life that we enjoy today. . . .As a result, we're seeing the marriage of performance benefits and environmental benefits . . . one reinforces the other. In all, some companies have responded to consumer environmental concerns by doing only what is required to avert new regulations or to keep environmentalists quiet. Others have rushed to make money by catering to the public's mounting concern for the environment. But enlightened companies are taking action not because someone is forcing them to, or to reap short—run profits, but because it is the right thing to do. They believe that environmental farsightedness today will pay off tomorrow—for both the customer and the company.


With the exception of 1955, when the Austrian State Treaty was actually signed, the year 1949 was the most important period in the great power negotiations over Austria's fate. After two years of failure to reach agreement among the four occupying powers, frustrated largely by the intransigence of the Soviet government, a change occurred which marked a watershed in the negotiations. At the Paris Conference of Foreign Ministers in June 1949, Soviet policy appeared to provide an unprecedented opportunity for a treaty, albeit on economic terms favourable to the USSR. During the next five months, the western response to the Soviet initiative was disjointed and chaotic, characterized by conflict among the three western powers and also in particular within the United States bureaucracy. The prospect of an imminent withdrawal from Austrian territory was the subject of intense debate, especially between the British, who consistently favoured a treaty on virtually any terms, and the Americans, whose policy was subject to the vicissitudes of bureaucratic infighting between the pro-treaty State Department and the anti-treaty Defense Department. Ironically, when the Americans finally came to the conclusion that a treaty was desirable even on Soviet terms (late October 1949), Soviet negotiating policy again changed. By mid-November, regardless of tremendous economic concessions now offered by the western powers, any opportunity for a treaty clearly had evaporated. Significant movement in the direction of a four-power agreement did not occur again until the Soviet demarche which led to final signature in 1955.1 The purpose of this paper is to examine the critical five-month period between June and November 1949, focusing upon the policies of the four great powers and evaluating the extent to which the Soviet initiative might have been a lost opportunity for the three western


We consider the Dirichlet Laplacian in a thin curved three-dimensional rod. The rod is finite. Its cross-section is constant and small, and rotates along the reference curve in an arbitrary way. We find a two-parametric set of the eigenvalues of such operator and construct their complete asymptotic expansions. We show that this two-parametric set contains any prescribed number of the first eigenvalues of the considered operator. We obtain the complete asymptotic expansions for the eigenfunctions associated with these first eigenvalues.


The algorithm for designing a pattern classifier, which uses MDL criterion and a binary data structure, is proposed. The algorithm gives a partitioning of the space of the K-dimensional attribute and gives an estimated probability model for this partitioning. The volume of bins in this partitioning is asymptotically upper bounded by /spl Oscr/((log N/N)/sup K/(K+2/)/sup )/ for large N in probability, where N is the length of training sequence. The redundancy of the code length and the divergence of the estimated model are asymptotically upper bounded by /spl Oscr/(K(log N/N)/sup 2/(K+2/)/sup )/. The classification error is asymptotically upper bounded by /spl Oscr/(K/sup 1/2/(log N/N)/sup 1/(K+2/)/sup )/.


This paper presented a review of chemical and pharmacological of Ardisia crenata in nearly ten years on the basis of consulting plenty of domestic and foreign literature.The research indicated that A.crenata contains triterpenoid saponins,coumarins,volatile oil,phenols,quinone,cardiac glycoside,organic acid,saccharide etc.A.crenata was reported to possess relieving cough and asthma,anti-inflammatory,antibacterial,antineoplastic,antifertility,anticoagulant,lower blood pressure,triggering uterine contractions,cAMP phosphodiesterase inhibitory effect.The purpose of this study was to elaborate the research of chemical composition and biological activity of A.crenata,The in-depth research on A.crenata appears to have highly worth development and apply for the therapy of diseases.


One monoclonal antibody (MoAb) highly specific for human hemoglobin, KM-371, was generated by a unique immunization procedure using mice rendered tolerant to bovine hemoglobin.KM-371 strongly reacted with human hemoglobin, but did not with bovine, horse, goat, sheep, rabbit, porcine, chicken, and fish hemoglobins. Human hemoglobin was able to be quantitatively measured in the range 0.01~200 μg/ml by a sandwich ELISA using KM-371 and biotinylated KM-371. By immunostaining using KM-371, 20 ng of human hemoglobin could be detected on a nitrocellulose membrane.These results suggest that KM-371 would be a useful MoAb in the test of occult bloods in faeces for diagnosing colorectal carcinoma without a meat diet.


Sick pay has been debated recently in several economies, including the US, Germany and Sweden. There is, however, little academic discussion of the nature of sick pay, or of how it should be structured. This paper clears the ground for such a discussion in two ways; it identifies a conceptual difference between the North American model, rooted in job protection, and the European model, which is predominantly a form of social insurance. Secondly, it argues that experience-rated sick pay provided by employers avoids the classical problems of insurance markets. US-style paid sick leave is an example of such a scheme.


The embodiment of the present invention relates to Internet technical field, and disclose a kind of streetscape map exhibiting method and system, the method comprises: the scene image obtaining the scene point of streetscape; Judge whether include three-dimensional model in the scene of scene point, if so, obtain the attribute information of three-dimensional model and the scene steric information of scene point; The attribute information of this three-dimensional model at least comprises position coordinates corresponding to three-dimensional model; The scene steric information of scene point at least comprises the position coordinates of the true scenery in the scene of scene point relative to scene point; From the true scenery the scene of scene point relative in the position coordinates of this scene point, identify the position coordinates of the identical true scenery of the position coordinates corresponding with the three-dimensional model that the attribute information of three-dimensional model comprises relative to this scene point as the position coordinates of three-dimensional model relative to this scene point, and the scene image carrying out scene point after loading three-dimensional model is played up.The present invention can improve the sense of reality and the solid layer feeling of streetscape map.


The paper describes the process of revision of European Standard EN 50160 on voltage characteristics of electricity supplied by public distribution networks, with a consequent evaluation of the Italian situation.


Between 90 and 110 Direct Entrant students arrive from overseas partner institutions each year and undertake the English as a Foreign Language (EFL) Business Language Programme. The overall aim of the modules is to increase students' command of English and communicative skills in order in the short term to allow them to cope well with undergraduate Business Studies, and in the longer term to enhance their communicative capabilities in an international professional environment (Assiter 1995, Ramsden 1992).


The use of tobacco dates back to the ancient civilizations of the Americas, where it played a central role in religious occasions. The peoples smoked tobacco in cigars and pipes and chewed it with lime, for its pleasurable euphoriant effects. In the 16 th century, Europeans spread the use of tobacco in North America, while the Spanish bring it into Europe. In the 1559, Jean Nicot, the French ambassador to Portugal, wrote about the medicinal properties of tobacco and sent seeds to the French royal family, and promoted the use throughout the world. Because of his great work on tobacco plant, his name was given to its genus, Nicotiana, and its active principle, nicotine. The Materia Medica of India provides a great deal of information on the Ayurveda, folklore practices and traditional aspects of therapeutically important natural products tobacco one of them. Tobacco is processed from the leaves of plants in the genus i.e. Nicotiana. Nicotine tartrate used as a pesticide as well as in medicines. It is commonly used as a cash crop in countries like India, China, Cuba and the United States. Any plant of the genus Nicotiana of the Solanaceae family is called tobacco. The tobacco products are manufactured from the leaves, cured & dried and used in cigars and cigarettes, snuff, and pipe and chewing tobacco. Tobacco plants are also used in bioengineering and as ornamentals plant. The pharmacological activities of Nicotiana tabacum is mostly due to its content of nicotine which stimulates the nicotine receptors leading to release of substances such as acetylcholine, nor-epinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, vasopressin and growth hormone. Nicotine is a major component of tobacco has been demonstrated to accelerate angiogenesis and wound healing in genetically diabetic mice. The ethnomedical uses include the use of the decoction of leaves as antispasmodics, diuretics, emetics, expectorants, sedatives, and in rheumatic swellings, anesthetics, antibacterial, antimicrobial, anthelmintic, anticonvulsants and for anti-fungal activities. Other use includes; treatment of asthma by Indians, treatment of worms in Africa, treatment of wounds in Columbia and treatment of dysmenorrheal in Cuba among others. The plant Nicotiana tobaccum also have the great activities on peripheral nervous system, central nervous system, cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal tract, exocrine glands, Hematopoietic system, algesia, Alzheimer and on body weight.


Trauma, which means wound in ancient Greek, is the leading cause of death in the 1-44 age group, and the third cause of death following cancer and cardiovascular disease in all age groups. Trauma is defined as tissue damage characterized by structural changes and physiological disorders due to mechanical, thermal, electrical and chemical energies, ionized or nuclear radiation or absence of essential elements of life such as oxygen and heat. Trauma has many reasons such as traffic accidents, work accidents and falling from height (1,2). These patients need a systematic anesthesia management in posttraumatic evaluation, airway management, resuscitation, possible preoperative and postoperative surgical process, intensive care follow-up and treatment (3). The nature of trauma, uncontrollable bleeding after trauma, coagulation anomalies, hypothermia, shock, acidosis disrupt the normal homeostatic mechanism. Acute coagulopathy caused by high blood loss in major traumas is often associated with poor clinical course in trauma patients (4,5). Another paradox is the nature of unexplained events, insufficient anamnesis information and the necessity of emergency intervention in trauma cases.


Translated from the article published in Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea Vol.13, No.3, 2010 with permission from The Economic Geographical Society of Korea.


Summary The application of modern portfolio theory to the investment in shares and bonds is integrally connected with the efficient market hypothesis. The requirement of multivariate normality of security returns is a sufficient condition for equilibrium asset pricing models such as the capital asset pricing model to theoretical work. Nevertheless the empirical relevance in decision making is firmly based on the efficiency of the capital market. If real estate investors are to avail themselves of these techniques it is first necessary to ensure the requirements of the efficient market hypothesis are satisfied in the context of the property market. This paper reports the results of such an inquiry into the British and Australian real estate markets.


This paper develops a conceptual framework that draws on three discrete bodies of research: institutional perspectives on economic development, place leadership and public entrepreneurship. This framework is used to reinterpret the recent economic development of Nottingham (a second-tier regional city in the UK) with a particular focus on attempts to respond to the challenges of economic restructuring and deindustrialisation over the long term. Examples of public entrepreneurship are seen as forms of recursive agency through which institutions are established and reconstituted in ways that may facilitate adaptation and path creation in local economic development.


This article analyzes the importance of taking internship work and its existing problems.Based on practices in several years,some effective approaches to solve the problems in internship work are put forward such as improving administration regulations for taking internship work,strengthening administration,flexible internship plan,combining internship work with graduation projects,project development,professional qualification tests,and factory in school,etc.


Accurate prediction of the force required to puncture a soft material is critical in many fields like medical technology, food processing, and manufacturing. However, such a prediction strongly depends on our understanding of the complex nonlinear behavior of the material subject to deep indentation and complex failure mechanisms. Only recently we developed theories capable of correlating puncture force with material properties and needle geometry. However, such models are based on simplifications that seldom limit their applicability to real cases. One common assumption is the incompressibility of the cut material, albeit no material is truly incompressible. In this paper we propose a simple model that accounts for linearly elastic compressibility, and its interplay with toughness, stiffness, and elastic strain-stiffening. Confirming previous theories and experiments, materials having high-toughness and low-modulus exhibit the highest puncture resistance at a given needle radius. Surprisingly, in these conditions, we observe that incompressible materials exhibit the lowest puncture resistance, where volumetric compressibility can create an additional (strain) energy barrier to puncture. Our model provides a valuable tool to assess the puncture resistance of soft compressible materials and suggests new design strategies for sharp needles and puncture-resistant materials.


The rise of antibiotic resistance due to the evolution of resistance mechanisms in bacteria and the enhanced tolerance in human bodies have proven to be serious threats. This is attributed to the critical impact antibiotics have on healthcare systems in addition to an extreme reliance on them for the treatment of infections. The rise of superbugs and antibiotic-resistant bacteria such as MRSA (Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus) and the severe global pandemic of COVID-19 have increased the demand for novel antimicrobial compounds. The study aims to examine the efficacy of numerous Indian spices as well as various varieties of camphor and kumkum when dissolved in ethanol and distilled water against four bacterial cultures: Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas spp., Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. After 24 hours of incubation, the zones of inhibition of each culture were measured and docking studies were performed to determine the interaction between ligands (phytochemicals) and the bacterial receptors, thereby enhancing the antimicrobial properties of the compounds. The analysis revealed that turmeric-based Kumkum, black pepper and Tulasi (Ocimum tenuiflorum) are the most potent antibacterial compounds.


Objective To study the protective effects of adenovirus-mediated human beta-nerve growth factor gene (hNGFβ) transfer combined with iron fortified nutrition on blast hearing damage in guinea pigs. Methods Deafness was induced by blast (172dB SPL) in 35 healthy guinea pigs. Seven days after noise exposure, 10 guinea pigs were inoculated with adenovirus-mediated hNGFβ (Ad-hNGFβ) into the perilymphatic space (the gene group), another 10 guinea pigs were given hNGFβ combined with iron fortified nutritional diet (the combination group), still another 10 guinea pigs were inoculated with artificial perilymphatic fluid (APF), and 5 guinea pigs served as control, given neither medicine nor noise exposure. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) threshold shifts were monitored in the guinea pigs before blast exposure and after gene transfer. Changes in cochlear morphology were examined with immunohistochemical and HE staining. Results One week after successful inoculation of hNGFβ, it was noted that Ad-hNGFβ protein was expressed in each turn of the cochlea, and its intensity was almost equal. After gene transfer in the combination group and the gene group, ABR threshold shifts at week 1 and 4 were significantly smaller than those of the APF group. HE staining showed that the number of the spiral ganglion cells in the combination group and the Ad-hNGFβ group was significantly higher than that of the control group after 4 weeks (P<0.01). Conclusions Ad-hNGFβ combined with iron fortified nutritional diet was effective in the prevention and treatment of blast hearing damage of cochlear hair cells.

Key words:
Recombinant adenovirus;  Nerve growth factor;  Blast hearing damage;  Iron;  Gene therapy


Objectives: This study aims to investigate the level of psychological stress among workers in Arab hospitals in the city of Jerusalem, Palestine.
 Methods: The study relied on a field descriptive approach. The study sample consisted of (143) individuals, chosen by a stratified random method, working in Arab hospitals in the city of Jerusalem. To achieve the objectives of the study, a questionnaire that consists of (25) paragraphs was designed.
Results: The results indicate that the level of psychological stress among workers in Arab hospitals in the city of Jerusalem was moderate. It was also found that there are statistically significant differences at the level of significance (α ≥ 0.05) in the level of psychological stress among workers in Arab hospitals in the city of Jerusalem due to gender in favor of males. The results also show that there are no statistically significant differences at the significance level (α 0.05 ≥ ) in the level of psychological stress among workers in Arab hospitals in the city of Jerusalem due to qualification, years of service, age, marital status, or place of residence.
Conclusions: Based on the above results, the researcher recommends conducting a study on the needs of male workers to help them overcome psychological pressures by preparing training programs.


The paper investigates the sources of real output variability in Croatia by assessing the impact of macroeconomic structural shocks on fl uctuations in real output. The analysis is based on a structural vector autoregressive model (SVAR) where structural shocks (demand, supply and nominal) are identifi ed using Blanchard-Quah long run restriction technique. The fi ndings of the empirical analysis point out the dominant role of supply shocks in explaining real output fl uctuations. In the same time the results reveal negligible effects of nominal and demand shocks on the variability of real output. To get a better insight in the dynamics of real output in the aftermath of the structural shocks we also analyse the impulse response functions. The results show that a positive supply shock leads to a permanent increase in real output. A nominal shock decreases the real output marginally although the effect is only temporary and fades out quickly. Surprisingly, the effect of a demand shock is insignifi cant both in the short run and in the long run.


Very precise measurements of the lunar gravity field could detect a solid inner core. For synchronous rotation, the equator planes of the inner core and mantle should be tilted with respect to the ecliptic plane and precess along that plane with the same 18.6 yr period. Generally, two different tilts would cause a static inner core gravity field to appear as small periodic (27.212 d) variations in the mantle‐referenced C21 and S21 coefficients. Tidal variations also contribute to the C21 variation so a much improved k2 Love number would be required. Model computations suggest that the inner core signature is likely to be very small requiring sensitive gravity measurements. In principle, a signature analogous to the Moon's should be present for other synchronous satellites with interior liquid layers and also Mercury.


To automatically move a mobile user's desktop environment following his/her movement trajectory, we implement the RFID-based desktop migration system. This system automatically detects a user's movement with a RFID reader, and then captures or restores application states by dynamically binding to an interface exported by application-specific libraries. We present the functional architecture of the implemented system, and define the protocols for advertising an application-specific library or delivering migration data. We describe how its state is changed by the events generated by a RFID reader or internal timer.


The present paper gives a method to evaluate fold-content, Cf in polyethylene (PE) from IR measurement (1200-1400cm-1). Solution-grown crystals of n-paraffin and PE were adopted as standard specimen containing no fold (Cf=0) and 100% fold (Cf=1.0), respectively and mixtures of these substances were used for the determination of constants, k and K, in Koenig's equation. The values of Cf obtained from two pair of absorption bands (from each sample) showed good agreement for various PE samples.


Current proposals for the provision of long-term care suggest an intractable attitude to, and total failure to appreciate, the recommendations of the Royal Commission on long-term care.


Dr. Vollmer is quite right in pointing out that the references quoted in my article are selected. The number of published studies of patch tests which were done with simultaneous intracutaneous tests, using measured doses of standardized PPD, is small. I preferred to use those which seemed to me to demonstrate conclusively the variability in the dose of tuberculin delivered by the patch—for that is its most serious shortcoming.
 Control studies such as these with results unfavorable to the patch are not rare or unique, but tend to be unreported for various reasons.


Like Atlas Mnemosyne defined by Warburg and investigated by Didi - Huberman, this text uses the idea of constellation to treat the intervals between visualit...


Current tokamaks often operate in advanced regimes with negative magnetic shear.Multiple branches of discrete Alfven eigenmodes trapped in the α-induced potential well due to the pressure gradient and ballooning curvature effects are found in the parameter regime of JET experiments with negative magnetic shear.Here,q is the safety factor,β is the ratio of plasma to magnetic pressures,and R and r are,respectively,the major and minor radii.Similarly to the normal magnetic shear case,these eigenmodes experience small continuum damping due to wave energy tunneling that they could be readily destabilized by energetic particles.Rich Alfven spectrums are seen JET experiments.The discrete Alfven eigenmodes are shown to be a possible mechanism to understand the experimentally observed Alfven modes.


GaN light emitting diodes were fabricated from arrays of nanopillars with embedded InGaN quantum wells. InGaN heterostructures were grown by MOCVD on n-type GaN templates and pillars were fabricated by laser interference lithography and subsequent reactive ion etching and annealing. The tops of the pillars were coalesced by lateral growth of p-type GaN by MBE forming a planar contact layer. This structure enables integration with standard planar processing while taking advantage of the nanopillar structure. LEDs were fabricated and characterized by electroluminescence, current-voltage, and output power vs. current measurements. The devices showed rectifying behavior with a turn-on voltage of 3 V and electroluminescence peak at 400 nm. (© 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


11100 Background: Hypoxia is important in the biology of human gliomas. PET offers a noninvasive method to differentiate individual tumor biology and modify treatment accordingly. The development of PET tracers provides further tools to evaluate the hypoxia of human tumors. The aim of this study was to determine whether hypoxia, as measured by fluorine-18 fluoroerythronitroimidazole (18F-FETNIM) PET/CT, was associated with malignant progression of gliomas. Methods: Fifteen patients with suspected primary glioma and who were referred for surgical treatment were enrolled prospectively in this study. All patients had 18F-FETNIM PET/CT studies before surgery. PET/CT imaging was performed at 120 min after 18F-FETNIM injection. For semi-quantitative analysis, the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) was obtained by drawing regions of interest (ROI) on the PET images for tumor tissues. Hypoxia, angiogenesis, aggression, and cellular proliferation related markers hypoxia-inducible factors-1alpha (HIF-1a), v...


Abstract : The U.S. Air Force is finding it increasingly difficult to safely and affordably train combat air force (CAF) aircrews so that they will be prepared for combat conditions. Increased combatant commander (CCDR) requirements coupled with reduced force structure are stretching the ability of units to support sufficient training. Reduced flying hours are insufficient to meet Ready Aircrew Program (RAP) training requirements, and training ranges are insufficient to properly train and support new combat capabilities. In addition, safety considerations, mission complexity, airspace and range restrictions, and real-world commitments and costs limit the amount of training that can be accomplished in live aircraft. Air Force training experts believe that the increased use of simulators; distributed mission operations (DMO); and new applications of live, virtual, and constructive (LVC) training--in particular, the ability to "inject" battlefield effects and simulated or constructed threats into live aircraft systems--are required to mitigate training risks. The Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations, Plans and Requirements (AF/A3/5) asked RAND Project AIR FORCE to explore investment strategies that allow fifth-generation fighter aircraft to take advantage of the potential training benefits of LVC media. This technical report documents the results of RAND's research on this topic. The report examines the nature of any training gaps that might exist for fifth-generation aircraft and then uses rough cost comparisons to show that continued investments in simulators and DMO capabilities must continue before large investments are made in more exotic LVC technology.


This study aimed to determine the effect of giving starfruit leaf extract and Jatropha leaf extract, a mixture of starfruit leaf extract and Jatropha leaf extract and glucobay drug (Acarbose) on glucose levels of mice. A total of 20 mice weighing 20-30 grams aged 2-3 months were divided into 5 treatment groups namely K0 as a 5% glucose control, K1 (5% glucose solution and glucobay drug), K2 (5% glucose solution and leaf extract starfruit wuluh), K3 (5% glucose solution and Jatropha leaf extract) and K4 (5% glucose solution, a mixture of starfruit leaf extract and Jatropha leaves). Mice were first measured initial glucose levels. Giving 5% glucose solution, carried out for 14 days so as to reach the condition of hyperglycemia. Treated with starfruit leaf extract, jatropha leaf extract and a mixture of starfruit leaf extract and jatropha leaves with the same dose that is 400 mg / gr BW, administering synthetic drug glucobay with a dose of 6.5 mg / gr BB for 14 days and calculated final glucose level. The results showed that the administration of starfruit leaf extract and Jatropha leaf extract, the mixture of Wuluh starfruit leaf extract and Jatropha leaf extract and glucobay drug influenced the treatment group. Based on the analysis using the LSD test (α = 0.05) significantly different in the F test (ANOVA). In the LSD test in the treatment (K1, K2, K3 and K4) decreased compared to K0 as glucose control. The highest reduction in glucose levels was found in the K3 treatment (70 mg / dL).


The intelligence algorithm used in the backbone grid search is unrobust and has uncertain results. To tackle the drawback, this paper proposes a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model for generating the power system backbone grid. Based on the graph theory, this model considers the connectivity of the backbone grid as linear constraints with integer variables. Constrains of line power in the model are elicited by the derivation from Kirchhoff's current law. Since the expressions in this model are analytical and linear, with the help of developed MILP algorithm, the proposed model can fully solve the problem of absence of robustness in existing method. The simulations of IEEE 39-bus system and IEEE 118-bus system show that the proposed model is effective and reliable, which provides a new idea for the development in this research.


Congenital blepharoptosis is a common clinical disease, surgery is its preferred treatment. There are many genes causing congenital ptosis. Up to now, hundreds of mutation sites have been found. In recent years, more and more other genes related to congenital ptosis have been studied in some medical syndromes. This paper reviews the research progress of genes related to congenital ptosis, and provides ideas for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Key words:
Congenital blepharoptosis; Syndrome; Gene


We consider iterated functions systems (IFS) on compact metric spaces and introduce the concept of target sets. Such sets have very rich dynamical properties and play a similar role as semifractals introduced by Lasota and Myjak do for regular IFSs. We study sufficient conditions which guarantee that the closure of the target set is a local attractor for the IFS. As a corollary, we establish necessary and sufficient conditions for the IFS having a global attractor. We give an example of a non-regular IFS whose target set is nonempty, showing that our approach gives rise to a "new class" of semifractals. Finally, we show that random orbits generated by IFSs draws target sets that are "stable".


ABSTRACT The paper investigates the relationship between demand, innovation and research intensity (R&D to output and patents per millions of hours worked) in different groups of industries. These relationships were investigated using disaggregate industry-level data from EU KLEMS, ANBERD and USPTO, in a sample that comprises 12 industries in 18 countries over 1977–2006. The results reported in the paper indicate that demand exerts a positive and significant impact on innovation, measured by R&D expenditure and patents. Moreover, this impact is stronger in high-tech industries than in low-tech ones. The paper also provides evidence that demand does not impact research intensity, despite its impact on innovation. This finding holds both for low-tech and high-tech industries, using both R&D to value added and patents per millions of hours worked as measures of research intensity. This suggests that research intensity is not influenced by demand growth, but most likely depends on the quality of each country's National Innovation System.


The utility model discloses a full-automatic drill point grinding device, which comprises a board, a hair brush device, a taking module, a clamping module, a first detection module, a second detection module and a grinding module. A drill point which is not ground and detected is moved to the clamping module while being subjected to scrap removing in the moving process, then is subjected to first detection, is subjected to first grinding in the grinding module when judged to be qualified, is put into a defective area when judged to be unqualified, is subjected to second detection after the first grinding, is conveyed to a discharging area when judged to be qualified, is treated with the steps and is subjected to second grinding when judged to be unqualified, is conveyed to the discharging area when judged to be qualified, and is moved to the defective area when still judged to be unqualified. Due to the adoption of the full-automatic drill point grinding device, the efficiency and quality are improved greatly.


Review of the Literature Comet (1933) insufflated this joint in infants with air and oxygen, and reported on 14 cases of subluxation of the hip-joint in which radiographs taken after the injection showed a very clear definition of the articulation and its capsule. Various radio-opaque solutions have been used, of which mention may be made of "thorotrast", "abrodyl", "uro-selectan B", "diagnerol", and "tenebryl". In France, Leveuf and Bertrand (1937) found that most radio-opaque solutions gave satisfactory results in patients chosen from cases of subluxation of the hip-joint. The joint was injected from the lateral aspect, from a point just above the great trochanter of the femur. Gunnar Wiberg (1939) used a specially prepared solution of perbrodil in making arthographs from twenty-two normal or nearly normal hip-joints from cases which presented for operation for some other reason. The joint was approached from the anterior, and the needle inserted just below Poupart's ligament, 1 cm. outsidAthe femoral artery. After the head of the femur had been reached by the needle, the point was withdrawn a few mm. before the injection was made. Thus, most studies in arthography have been niade from the orthopaedic point of view, and preceding operative procedures. Other investigators -have injected the hip-joint for therapeutic reasons. Thus Grant Waugh (1938), having studied the physio-chemical changes occurring in normal synovial fluid after trauma, especially the changes in the hydrogen ion concentration, treated nminor joints after injury with intra-articular lactic acid injections. His results were beneficial in a high percentage of cases. Later (1945) Waugh reported on twenty-five cases of coxarthritis so treated. Recovery of function and relief of pain occurred in between 50 and 60 per cent. of these. Warren Crowe (1944) showed the benefit from treatment by intra-articular injections of an acid potassium phosphate solution, in two-thirds of his cases of coxarthritis. He used the anterior approach in most of his cases. In France Coste and Morin (1939) had been trying various analgesic solutions intra-articularly for the treatment of coxarthritis. They came to the conclusion that there was a purely functional relief of the condition. In America, Tarsy (1938) used 1 per cent. procaine into the hip-joint in the same disease. It will be noticed from the literature that many observers used combined peri-arthritic and intraarthritic injections in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the hip-joint. Some used only small amounts of injection fluid, although Grant Waugh and Warren Crowe advise an amount of 20 c.cm. for this joint. Almost all have owned to a few failures in introducing the fluid in its entirety into the synovial cavity. The beneficial effects of these intra-articular injections in the treatment of coxarthritis have been attributed by these investigators either to the chemical composition, or to the pH of the solution injected, or to the analgesic solution breaking the reflex of painful spasm.


This paper introduces the recent development of power dispatching data network and the statistics of problems appeared in our experimental tests in recent three years. A typical problem appeared in the operation of a province's power dispatching data network was analyzed and reproduced according to the case of the problem appearance. After the router protocol and port forwarding principle was studied, we determined the cause of the problem is due to router when the c POS card set MTU value is too small, resulting in long size packages discarded. The RFC standard currently does not make specific requirements for MTU value of c POS interface card, but our experimental result suggested that vendors MTU values should not be set too small, to avoid compatibility problems.


This paper presents a reduced basis method for the geometric nonlinear analysis of structures. The method is derived by extending a reduced basis approximation for use in structural static reanalysis. The new method has two main advantages over the previous method. First, the reduced system is uncoupled through a Gram-Schmidt orthonormalization procedure, thus becoming more well-conditioned. Second, a computation-inexpensive convergence criterion is developed using the orthonormal property. After a brief introduction to the geometric nonlinear analysis of structures, application of the proposed method to such an analysis is then discussed. Finally one numerical example is used to validate the proposed method.


Qianlie Tongyu Capsule" was employed to treat non-liquefacient sperm, with a course of 75 days. Results: The effective rate reached 85.7%; the Capsule could increase the density and vigor of sperm and reduce NIH-CPSI score by 55.44%. Conclusion: "Qianlie Tongyu Capsule" can improve non-liquefacient sperm and has positive effects on the amount and vigor of sperms.


The invention provides a technical method for making a balance between filling of a storage unit area and gate oxide integrated of a logic area. The method comprises that the storage unit area and the logic device area are formed on a silicon chip, the storage unit area comprises multiple repeated units, each repeated unit comprises polysilicon grids and grooves among the polysilicon grids, and at least part of devices in the logic device area forms a gate oxide structure; an etching stop layer is formed on the silicon chip; and a silicon-enriched silicon oxide layer with a deposition load effect is formed on the etching stop layer via a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition technology.


Objective To detect the expressions of glucose regulated protein 94(GRP94) in rats with ethanol-induced liver injury, and study the mechanism of ethanol-induced liver injury.Methods 24 female SD rats were randomly divided into control and model groups. The model group rats were fed with high fat-containing diet plus ethanol and fish oil gavage for 8 weeks. The control group rats were fed with normal diet and gavaged sodium chloride at the same does. At the end of 8 weeks, all rats were killed. Expression of GRP94 was detected by immunohistomistry and RT-PCR.Results Serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activity increased significantly compared to the control group (P0.01).A significant elevation in the expression of GRP94 in liver of model group was found compared to the control group (P0.01).Conclusion GRP94 was activated by ethanol-induced injury. This information suggested that was involved in mechanism of ethanol-induced liver injury.


The article describes the essence of the concepts of " expense", "cost", " charges", the different approaches to their definition, their use in accounting, and the relationship and differentiate of these terms.


BACK in the dim and distant past when man first made his appearance on this globe, he had no need for heat to keep himself warm and comfortable, for the earth was steaming and covered with a rank vegetation. Man had not yet learned to cook his food, for he had had no acquaintanceship with fire, and so still lived on herbs and shell fish. Terrific storms raged over the face of the earth, and the electrical discharges from the moistureladen clouds brought terror to his primitive heart, but no fires resulted from this fascinating display, owing to the great dampness of the vegetation. Later this condition gradually changed and man was made acquainted with the phenomenon of fire, which he worshipped, for he had grown to believe that it had been created by the gods of lightning, whose language he had partly understood in the terrible bolts. As the temperature of the atmosphere gradually decreased, man timidly approached these sacred fires and discovered that the heat was comforting to his be-numbed body. Still...


The identification technologies used nowadays consists of biometrics as an essential component. The basic use of a conventional biometric system is to identify the authenticity of an individual through its physical as well as behavioral attributes, which is considered as one of the most suitable method to secure confidentiality of data. Though the security of these systems is stringent to breach, still it does consists of vulnerabilities due to various reasons. One of the major threats the current biometric system possess are the spoofing attacks. Spoofing attacks are difficult to conquer due to the fact that a person tries to masquerade as others in order to gain unauthorized access to the security systems. This is one of the biggest problem concerning the integrity of the biometric system. The study of spoofing attacks has gained interest of various researchers in the field of computer science, still there are aspects which needs greater attention in order to achieve a plausible solution. The study is based on the current biometric systems in order to compare and contrast the existing technology used in facial recognition. A detailed review of the existing anti – spoofing methods will be taken into account to discuss the future research directions. Thus, the work will focus on threats to the current security systems, with an aim to analyse the possible countermeasures, and its applications in real life scenarios.


This paper sets out the basics of the Import substitution - industrialization (ISI) model for development, the socialist variant of ISI and the neo-liberal theory of developing, critiquing each in turn. Each of these models failed, for different reasons, and in different ways, to attain sustainable solid economic growth and carries with it the seeds of war, albeit different kinds of wars. This paper proposes a social-market model (neo-corporatism) which combines the strong points of ISI, socialism, and neo-liberalism while rejecting their errors to present a dialectical synthesis of several best practices in economic development for the third world.


This article reports on how online Language and Style was implemented and taught simultaneously and cooperatively at two German universities in the summer semester of 2004, in the English departments of the universities of Mainz (Patricia Plummer) and Münster (Beatrix Busse). In order to compare different learning and teaching styles, one-third of the course was taught in a traditional seminar-style mode while two-thirds consisted of online workshops. The authors cooperated extensively during the project, assessing and evaluating students' responses and performances both quantitatively and qualitatively. This article focuses on (1) the place of e-learning and stylistics in our departments and in English studies in Germany in general, (2) the challenges that had to be faced prior to the implementation of the course, (3) how we put the course into practice in our teaching environments, (4) our students' responses to, and performance on, Language and Style and (5) our own experiences in running a web-based course. Finally, we draw some general conclusions about web-based learning and teaching and what we have gained from participating in Mick Short's investigation.


This study proposes an outsourcing mechanism for marketing plans in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) using knowledge sharing. SMEs may not be able to establish a marketing department due to operational expenditures. Therefore, organizing a marketing agency to handle marketing concerns of SMEs is significant. First, SMEs are clustered regarding their activity area, products, services, and etc. Then, for SMEs in a same cluster, the marketing agency should collect the required information to process marketing actions. The challenge is how to gather and deposit information in common among SMEs in a cluster. Knowledge sharing is one of the stages of knowledge management helping to distribute information among elements of a system. Thus, the process of knowledge sharing is investigated in outsourcing marketing activities. Accordingly, a questionnaire was prepared based on research hypotheses. After confirmation of validity and reliability, the questionnaire was given to managers and employees of furniture companies in Tehran province, Iran. The collected questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS software version 24.0. According to the statistical sample of the research, descriptive statistics, and inferential statistics were analyzed. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the demographic characteristics of respondents. The inferential statistics, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used first for the test of normality of data. Considering normality of the data, T-student test was used to obtain the relationship between variables. Finally, the results of the research showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between outsourcing marketing in SMEs using knowledge sharing. Therefore, it is suggested that SMEs pay particular attention to outsourcing their marketing activities using knowledge sharing.


The editors asked that I write a chapter on landmarks in plant virology, a topic that has been covered by several authors, for example by Henderson Smith (89), Bawden (9), Holmes (51), Markham (62), Harrison (44), Black (12), and Matthews (64). In 1 938, the first of these authors, Henderson Smith (89), divided his presidential address to the Society for Applied Biology between the control of plant-virus diseases and the nature of plant viruses. Progress since then has been much more rapid in the latter than in the former area. Henderson Smith could easily understand today's literature on losses, control, breeding for resistance, and vector relations. He would find new virus dis eases and vectors, but the concepts would be familiar. However, he would be completely lost trying to read about the nature of virus particles. There he would find references to ssRNA, dsRNA, translation, transcription, reading frames, site-directed mutagenesis, sub genomic RNAs. genome-linked pro teins, and many other terms and concepts that have appeared in the past few decades. Nor would he recognize the experimental techniques, for most of those now commonly used have been developed since 1938. As interpreted by previous authors, landmarks are discoveries in plant virology that significantly affect subsequent research in the field. Each author has a somewhat different view of the landmarks, depending on interests and background. I had no formal training in plant pathology or virology. Educated


One of the recently modified multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems is the spatial modulation (SM). Although SM is considered as MIMO in its composition, a single antenna at the transmitting side is activated at any time instant. Among all transmitting antenna, the selection of this active antenna isn't random but rather chosen based on extra bits, called spatial bits, transmitted besides the conventional digitally modulated bits. In addition to the transmission of additional bits, SM wireless communication system achieves an enhanced power efficiency, low error rate, low complexity at receiver, and completely inter-channel interference (ICI) elimination. On the other side, SM suffers from the dramatic increase in the number of required transmit antennas to achieve a small improvement in data rate and low spectral efficiency when compared with multiplexing MIMO (Mux-MIMO). The exponential increase in the data rate of the SM scheme became linear thanks to the fully generalized spatial modulation scheme (F-Gen-SM). Although the F-Gen-SM scheme overcame one of the SM disadvantages, the achievable data rate still low when compared with Mux-MIMO. Grouping generalized spatial modulation scheme (Gr-Gen-SM) tries to find a compromise between the advantage of SM and the high spectral efficiency of Mux-MIMO. Gr-Gen-SM achieves high spectral efficiency but loses most of the SM advantages. This paper introduces a new F-Gen-SM scheme utilizing the idea of dividing transmit antennas into groups (F-Gr-Gen-SM). This proposed scheme provides an improvement on data rate while preserving the advantages of SM as much as possible.


Notation: We shall omit the subscript from all norms, as we always use `2 norms. Observe that points need not be distinct, i.e., we consider multisets, which is equivalent to giving every point an integer weight, and admits a succinct representation. We thus would like to reduce the number of distinct points, denoted throughout by |X|. Strong Coreset: Let ∈ (0, 1/2) be an accuracy parameter. We say that S ⊂ Rd is a strong ε-coreset of X (for objective f , which in our case is k-median) if


The purpose of this study was to find basic materials of the obese management by nutritional education program. This study measured general characteristics and nutritional knowledge, dietary habits, lifestyles and the satisfactory degree of the program. The subjects was 41 numbers, and 11.09 years. Before program begin, the average weight, BMI, % body fat, the degree of obese, waist‐hip ratio of the subjects were 68.24kg, 29.27, 41.69%, 148.56%, and 0.94 respectively. However after program, each items decreased to 66.74kg, 28.71, 39.59%(p<0.05), 144.15%, and 0.93(p<0.02). Also there was significant change in nutritional knowledge test(p<0.000). In the questions of temptation of delicious food intakes(p<0.010), endurance of food intakes during leisure time(p<0.009), exercise during leisure time(p<0.000), and regular exercise habits(p<0.002) shown difference significantly. Also confidence of achievement of self‐plan(p<0.004) and maintenance of adequate weight(p<0.005) shown difference significantly. The persuation rate of this program of subjects to others is 92.7%(p<0.000). Thus, nutritional education program for obese control are urgently needed to prevent degenerative disease and decrease obesity among students in elementary school.


The paper discusses the characteristics of leachate generated from municipal solid waste landfilling sites of Ludhiana City, Punjab (India). Leachate samples were collected and analyzed for various physico-chemical parameters to estimate its pollution potential. This study aims to serve as a reference for the implementation of the most suitable technique for reducing the negative environmental effects of discharge leachate. All the three landfilling sites of Ludhiana city are nonengineered low lying open dumps. They have neither any bottom liner nor any leachate collection and treatment system. Therefore, all the leachate generated finds its paths into the surrounding environment. It has been found that leachate contains high concentrations of organic and inorganic constituents beyond the permissible limits. While, heavy metals concentration was in trace amount as the waste is domestic in nature. The data presented in this study indicated that the age of the landfill has a significant effect on leachate composition. In older landfills, the biodegradable fraction of organic pollutants in the leachate decreases as an outcome of the anaerobic decomposition occurring in the landfill. The concentration of leachate contaminants at Jamalpur and Noorpur belt landfilling site were comparative greater than that of Jainpur landfilling site which is older than both. Based on the characterization of landfill leachate, Jamalpur and Noorpur belt landfilling site demonstrated low bio-degradability i.e. BOD5/COD=0.19 and BOD5/ COD=0.20 compared with Jainpur landfilling site i.e. BOD5/COD=0.24. Indiscriminate dumping of municipal solid waste without proper solid waste management practices should be stopped or some remedial measures were required to be adopted to prevent contamination. KeywordsLandfilling, Leachate, Organic and Inorganic constituents, Groundwater contamination.


This document draws a profile on the strengths and weaknesses of the national system for innovations in Argentina, in order to identify efficient policies. Argentina has established strong institutions at the national level for the control and support of science and technology. However, there is an unrealized potential in the adoption of a coherent focus relative to research and development (R&D), in particular, that of strengthening public and private partnerships. Data comparisons reveal Argentina under-invests in R&D: private sector participation in R&D is very low compared with international standards. This can be partly attributed to the predominance of small and medium enterprises in the country, whose innovative product sales are scarce. Furthermore, the national system for innovations is characterized by weak linkages between private enterprises, universities, and research institutions. Private and public sector participation only exists if related to research financing. Another weakness within the system for innovations is the lack of R&D personnel holding post-graduate degrees. Strengthening graduate education, strengthening private participation in R&D, and fostering adequate linkages as mentioned above, would be the first fundamental steps in building a competitive system for innovation at a global level.


Purkinje cells(PCs) in the cerebellar cortex are displayed through routine Nissl stain and Golgi method.The staining effects are compared and discussed.Nissl stain shows clear PC body,distinct karyon,and the nucleolus in the karyon,whereas the dendrites and the axons are un-stained.The Golgi stain labeled the dendritic arborizations clearly and completely,the spines on the arborizations as well as the axon from the bottom of the body can also be clearly visualized,however left a blurry contour of the body.


In this article we present a continuous time model for natural gas and crude oil future prices. Its main feature is the possibility to link both energies in the long term and in the short term. For each energy, the future returns are represented as the sum of volatility functions driven by motions. Under the risk neutral probability, the motions of both energies are correlated Brownian motions while under the historical probability, they are cointegrated by a Vectorial Error Correction Model. Our approach is equivalent to defining the market price of risk. This model is free of arbitrage: thus, it can be used for risk management as well for option pricing issues. Calibration on European market data and numerical simulations illustrate well its behavior.


Ground‐based observations show that persistent liquid‐containing Arctic clouds occur frequently and have a dominant influence on Arctic surface radiative fluxes. Yet, without a hemispheric multi‐year perspective, the climate relevance of these intriguing Arctic cloud observations was previously unknown. In this study, Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) observations are used to document cloud phase over the Arctic basin (60–82°N) during a five‐year period (2006–2011). Over Arctic ocean‐covered areas, low‐level liquid‐containing clouds are prevalent in all seasons, especially in Fall. These new CALIPSO observations provide a unique and climate‐relevant constraint on Arctic cloud processes. Evaluation of one climate model using a lidar simulator suggests a lack of liquid‐containing Arctic clouds contributes to a lack of "radiatively opaque" states. The surface radiation biases found in this one model are found in multiple models, highlighting the need for improved modeling of Arctic cloud phase.


Objective To study the biological characteristics and the osteoblast differentiation ability of rabbit bone marrow stromal cells(BMSCs) cultured in experimental culture medium,and then to investigate the biocompatibility of true bone ceramic (TBC) with BMSCs cultured in vitro. Methods Rabbit BMSCs cultured for 1 week in vitro were induced to osteoblast,to extract RNA,alkaline phosphatase(ALP) and type I Collagen(Col-I) mRNA expression were measured using RT-PCR technique at different time.And mineralization were observed by VonKossa staining.Then induced BMSCs were seeded into TBC to form cell-scaffold construct,and the cell-scaffold construct cultured continually in the same culture medium were examined with scaning electronic microscopy(SEM). Results In vitro induced BMSCs exhibited an osteogenic phynotype.After 2 weeks,ALP and type I Collagen were expressed in the experimental BMSCs,and calcium nodules were observed by VonKossa staining. And 1~ st、7~ th day,a lot of cells grew in and on TBC,14~ th day,cells grew all over scaffold,collagenic fibers and calcic granules was found on the cell-scaffold construct. Conclusions In vitro rabbit BMSCs can be successfully induced to osteoblast,and expressing osteogenic characteristics significantly. After prepared cells-scaffold composite,TBC have good compatibility with induced BMSCs.


This paper uses insights from cognitive developmental psychology, constructivism and social neuroscience to move beyond entrepreneurial intentions to explore deeply-held beliefs associated with entrepreneurial thinking. From those insights, we propose identifying those developmental experiences (lessons) that are the sources of those critical deep beliefs that are intrinsic to our mental models regarding entrepreneurship: How we construct opportunities and, perhaps more important, how we learn to perceive ourselves as entrepreneurs. This paper addresses the nature of beliefs from a social neuroscience perspective, the constructivist learning model, theory and recent evidence from cognitive developmental psychology, and a look at a key phenomenon that reflects deep entrepreneurial beliefs, entrepreneurial role identity.


Healthy vision is vital for success in life and should begin with regular vision screenings during childhood, but the level of inadequate vision care for children in the United States is significant, however. The author addresses ways to address this issue to positively affect high school graduation rates, social and emotional problems, juvenile delinquency, adult literacy problems, incarcerations, and workforce quality and productivity.


The international character of the music recording industry and market and the weight carried by an increasingly narrower group of multinational companies in Italy are the starting point for this analysis, which addresses the key aspects of the Italian market: distribution, consumption, royalty earnings, musical score sales revenues, and investments in the recording industry. The mixed performance of total revenues between 1995 and 1999 is analysed, as well as the small size of the market in comparison with other European countries similar to it in socio-economic and demographic terms, and the sales trends of recorded music delivered over the Internet in Italy.


We find the general conditions for viable cosmological solution at the background level in bigravity models. Furthermore, we constrain the parameters by comparing to the Union 2.1 supernovae catalog and identify, in some cases analytically, the best fit parameter or the degeneracy curve among pairs of parameters. We point out that a bimetric model with a single free parameter predicts a simple relation between the equation of state and the density parameter, fits well the supernovae data and is a valid and testable alternative to ΛCDM. Additionally, we identify the conditions for a phantom behavior and show that viable bimetric cosmologies cannot cross the phantom divide.


The source region of the Birkeland current system, also called the generator of the auroral current circuit, is probably located in the outer equatorial magnetosphere on closed magnetic field lines. Alfven waves have often been suggested as carriers for field-aligned currents, momentum, and electromagnetic energy which is converted to particle kinetic energy and ohmic heat at the polar end of the auroral flux tubes. In this report we present a model for the interaction of Alfven waves with the plasma in the generator region: the tau generator. We show that existing concepts like current and voltage generators correspond to extreme values of the intrinsic parameter τ. A frequency dependent reflection coefficient can be found which has considerable effect on the evolution of magnetospheric oscillations. Furthermore, we discuss the physical significance of the parameter τ and relate it to some measure for the effective height of the generator region.


The research of Janus colloidal particles has attracted much attention in recent years because of its huge prospects and applications in materials, chemicals, medicine, catalysis, etc. In order to reduce the cost of conducting experiments, the method of molecular dynamics simulation is used to conduct research on Janus particles. However, the current related simulation study lacks the visualization, dynamization and three-dimensionalization of the Janus particle simulation process. Therefore, the author simulates the free diffusion process of two kinds of Janus particles by using 3D visualization dynamic molecular dynamics related software in this paper. By analyzing the influence of the related parameters of particles and droplet on the diffusion process, new directions of the researches about the simulation of Janus particles can be proposed. The simulation results show that the size of the droplet, the position where the droplet is added to the solution, and the mass of the particles will affect the diffusion process rate of the particles in the droplet in the surrounding solution.


Amanitin toxins are specific inhibitors of RNA polymerase Ⅱ.This review describes recent progress in research aimed at improving our understanding of the interactions between the amanitins and RNA polymerase Ⅱ at the molecular level.The report,in four parts,describes the identification of amanitin active sites,the interactions between the amanitins and RNA polymerase Ⅱ,the underlying inhibitory mechanism(s) and the inhibitory capacities associated with the different toxins.


[Introduction] The way we produce food and generate energy substantially matters for major challenges of this century. Agricultural practices affect biodiversity, human health and quality of water; fossil-fuel power stations drive Carbon Dioxide (CO2) emissions exacerbating global warming; and efficiency of both sectors co-determines how many people do have access to food and energy supply. Seen in this light, it seems plausible that both sectors are - at least in most industrial countries - widely regulated (see e.g. Sumner, Alston, and Glauber, 2010; Pearce, 2002). Indeed, externalities, public good characteristics, spillovers, and issues of just distribution are frequently cited to justify regulations. In such an environment and given rapid changes and developments of today's energy and food branches, it is an indispensable task of efficient governance to constantly monitor and assess technological innovations, either with respect to their eligibility to get supported or with respect to needs of restriction or prohibition. Recent examples of such a process entered the public debate under the headings of genetically modified crops, promotion of Renewable Energies (RE) or hydraulic fracturing. [...]


The integration of virtualized FPGA-based hardware accelerators in a cloud computing is progressing from time to time. As the FPGA has limited resources, the dynamic partial reconfiguration capability of the FPGA is considered to share resources among different virtualized IPs during runtime. On the other hand, the NoC is a promising solution for communication among virtualized FPGA-based IPs. However, not all the virtualized regions of the FPGA will be active all the time. When there is no demand for virtualized IPs, the virtualized regions are loaded with blank bitstreams to save power. However, keeping active the idle components of the NoC connecting with the idle virtualized regions is not optimal for the total power consumption. In this paper, we have proposed a runtime scalable NoC where the NoC size is scaled up and down on demand. The experimental result shows that the total power consumption of the NoC can be reduced by more than 15% if the runtime scalable Noc is used.


Ocular scleral pathology (OSP) includes episcleritis and scleritis. Episcleritis is generally a benign disease with a self-limited course, while scleritis is a more severe ocular condition. In some severe and refractory cases systemic therapy may be required.In a wide series with OSP our aim was to assess a) underlying diseases and b) systemic treatment.Study of unselected all consecutive patients studied in a single University Hospital during the last ten years with: a) episcleritis and b) scleritis diagnosed by clinical features and slit-lamp (Watson and Hayreh criteria). Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and intraocular pressure (IOP) were measured at diagnosis and after systemic treatment.We studied 175 patients (106 women/ 69 men) /212 affected eyes with OSP (episcleritis=135; scleritis=40); mean age 48.9±14.2 years.OSP was unilateral in 138 (78.9%), recurrent in 74 (42.9%) and chronic in 21 (12%). Most of them were idiopathic (n=81, 46.3%) while associated with IMID were 43.4% (Table 1). The most important underlying IMID were spondyloarthritis and inflammatory bowel disease, without significant differences between scleritis and episcleritis. Granulomatosis with polyangiits and systemic lupus erythematosus were more frequent in scleritis, not reaching statistical significance.Regarding treatment, topical treatment was used in all patients. 41.1% received systemic treatment, including systemic glucocorticoids, cDMARDS and bDMARDs. Systemic glucocorticoids and Methotrexate were used more frequently in scleritis (Table 1). The main indication for biologic therapy was related to underlying IMID in both groups, but 7 bDMARDs in scleritis were indicated for systemic and ocular compromise.BVCA and IOP improved significantly after systemic treatment in scleritis (Figure 1).Figure 1.BVCA and IOP at diagnosis and last visit.OSP is a relatively frequent entity. It is necessary to exclude an underlying systemic disease to establish correct systemic treatment.Table 1.Underlying diseases and systemic treatment.Overall(n =175)Episcleritis(n=135)Scleritis(n=40)pAge (years), mean ± SD48.9 ± 14.247.8 ± 14.352.6 ± 13.90.061Sex (women), n (%)106 (60.6)81 (60)25 (62.5)0.920UNDERLYING DISEASE-Idiopathic, n (%)81 (46.3)65 (48.1)16 (40)0.364-Infectious, n (%)11 (6.3)7 (5.2)4 (10)0.276-IMID, n (%)76 (43.4)57 (42.2)19 (47.5)0.563∘Spondyloarthritis21 (12)17 (12.6)4 (10)0.787∘Crohn's disease16 (9.1)14 (10.4)2 (5)0.469∘Rheumatoid Arthritis14 (8)12 (8.9)2 (5)0.740∘Granulomatosis with polyangiits7 (4)3 (2.2)4 (10)0.080∘Relapsing polychondritis6 (3.4)4 (3)2 (5)0.621∘Systemic lupus erythematosus5 (2.9)2 (1.5)3 (7.5)0.079∘Ulcerative colitis3 (1.7)2 (1.5)1 (2.5)0.796SYSTEMIC TREATMENT72 (41.1)37 (27.4)35 (87.5)0.000*-Systemic glucocorticoids, n (%)72 (41.1)37 (27.4)35 (87.5)0.000*-Methotrexate, n (%)39 (22.3)17 (12.6)22 (55)0.000*-Non-methotrexatecDMARD, n (%)35 (20)24 (17.8)11 (27.5)0.177-TNFibDMARD, n (%)27 (15.4)19 (14.1)8 (20)0.362-Non-TNFibDMARD, n (%)8 (4.6)5 (3.7)3 (7.5)0.386*p<0,05*p<0,05Lara Sanchez-Bilbao: None declared, Vanesa Calvo-Río Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Lilly, Celgene, Grünenthal and UCB Pharma., Grant/research support from: MSD and Roche, José Luis Martín-Varillas: None declared, Carmen Álvarez-Reguera: None declared, Alba Herrero-Morant: None declared, Iñigo González-Mazón: None declared, Rosalía Demetrio-Pablo: None declared, Miguel A González-Gay Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi, Celgene and MSD. Ricardo, Grant/research support from: AbbVie, MSD, Jansen and Roche, Ricardo Blanco Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Pfizer, Roche, Bristol-Myers, Janssen, Lilly and MSD., Grant/research support from: AbbVie, MSD and Roche


With the transformation of China's economic and social structures and the rising of knowledge orientated economy, the divisions among urban groups of young employees is increasingly manifesting itself. The youth with high culture and the common youth differ greatly in employment, income, job transfer, further education, self identification of economic and social status, political participation and life quality, etc. The divisions should be taken as the starting point of the proposing youth policies.


Xuemei Cui IV Abstract La6WO12 shows relatively high proton and mixed proton-electron conductivity and the stoichiometry is modified to La28-xW4+xO54+1.5xv2-1.5x (La/W=5.3-5.7) to synthesize single phase. Acceptor doping this material may help the formation of oxygen vacancies and thus increase the transport of proton. In this work, Ba as an acceptor is studied in attempt to substitute La site. 2% and 0.5% Ba-doped La27W5O55.5, donated as LBaWO-2% and LBaWO-0.5%, respectively, were synthesized by wet chemical method. Following sintering, XRD, SEM and EPMA were carried out to check impurities and to study the composition. The solubility of Ba in La27W5O55.5 was observed 0.4%. The conductivity was studied by AC impedance measurements in temperature range from 300 C to 1000 C. It shows that the conductivity of LBaWO-2% is dominated by grain boundary. The defect structure was investigated by measuring the conductivity as a function of pH2O and pO2. For LBaWO-0.5%, the conductivity is dominated by proton conductivity below 700 C under oxidizing condition, and the maximum proton conductivity is observed to be 2.310 -3 Scm -1 at 700 C. Above 800 C, it exhibits mixed ionic and electronic conductivity under oxidizing condition. The effect on proton conductivity from acceptor doping is barely seen, in the contrast, the conductivity has a steeper pO2 dependency, indicated n-type conductivity under reducing condition due to inherent . Impedance spectroscope was conducted in the temperature from 200 C to 1000 C. LBaWO-2% (with secondary phase) and LBaWO-0.5% (relatively pure) both demonstrated huge resistive grain boundaries. Except for impurity blocking, it was suspected to be the presence of inherent space layer, which depleted the positively charged charge carriers. Based on thermogravimetry (TG), the proton concentration as a function of the inverse temperature were modeled to obtain the standard hydration enthalpy and entropy change. The water uptake of the two samples with different doping level did not show significant change. The thermodynamics parameters are in agreement with


Brickworks Center in Potorono is the center of brickworks which is quite large in Bantul and produces high amount of both raw bricks, which has not been burned yet, and the mature bricks, or the burned one. Manual material handling work on the activity of brick production has high risk of causing spinal injury (low-back pain). This research aims to analyze the activity of material handling work by using Rapid Entire Body Assessment and Rapid Upper Limb Assessment approaches and also create design proposal by using 5-Step Method of Concept Designing to design working aids which can applied to improve working posture. From the data assessment and analysis, the result of Rapod Entire Body Assessment score on the first posture is 9, second posture is 4, third posture is 8, fourth posture is 5 and the score of Rapid Upper Limb Assessment is all 7, which in general, those scores are potential to have high risk of low-back pain so that it needs improvement of working postures. The improvement of working posture has carried out by creating Roller Conveyor Modification to reduce the risk of low-back pain injury. The final result after improvement has been carried out is the score of Rapid Entire Body Assessment is 1 and the score of Rapid Upper Limb Assessment is 3, which show decreasing score.


The 51N/32 combination functioned as a 67N directional overcurrent ground relay. In order to safely export power to the utility, safeguards had to be installed immediately. As part of the power contract, transfer trip equipment had to be installed at each utility substation and at the plant site to provide fast tripping of the intertie circuit breakers. Due to the long lead-time for procurement of transfer trip equipment and installation, immediate action was taken to prevent any power from exporting. Since the current protection relays did not give enough flexibility for additional trip set points, a microprocessor based multifunction relay was considered as an interim option.


This paper presents the concept for a composting waste-to-heat recovery facility using a solar chimney. The project illustrates the concept of using compost waste heat to power generators (turbines) housed in the chimney of a solar tower. The proposed facility is 24 +/acre (where +/can be adjusted to accommodate the community waste disposal needs) sized commercial composting facility which can potentially be used to power a small community. This paper presents the design and fabrication of a solar chimney power plant (SCPP) compost waste heat to energy facility, and an economic analysis of the full scale working SCPP, factoring in the renewable energy, composting, recycling (waste management) and infra-structure sustainability aspects of the project. This paper also presents a cost estimate for construction of the proposed facility. Particular topic areas addressed by this research include the following: municipal waste management, sustainable designs of civil engineering projects, use of recycled materials, planning and implementation of mega projects, compost engineering, and renewable energy. The SCPP has the potential of generating in excess of 100 MW annually. The cost estimate for building the hybrid SCPP is $156.4M and the SCPP facility has the potential of providing $90M+/annually in revenue.


An all-optical premodulation-free microwave frequency up/down-conversion method is presented based on stimulated Brillouin scattering in optical fibers for bidirection radio-over-fiber systems. Through optical heterodyning between the modulated optical carrier and the Stokes light, the microwave signal of 1.5 GHz is up-converted to 9 and 12 GHz, and the microwave signal of 9 GHz is down-converted to 1.5 GHz. The unexpected microwaves are more than 7 dB suppressed by loading the signal to convert with the optical-carrier-suppressed modulation.


The origin and parameters of the simple genetic algorithm(GA) were presented for optimizing the structural systems with discrete variables.In order to improve the convergence of GA and avoid the premature convergence,considering that the different choices of crossover and mutation will influence GA on search ability and effect,an adaptive GA was introduced.To the effect hereon,the adaptive GA was shown more effective than GA by an example,the computation precision and operating efficiency were all enhanced.


The paper analyses the present teaching situation of the track - and - field curriculum for PE major, reveals the root of the existing problems, and suggests constructing a new teaching system of this curriculum according to the requirements of quality education and talent training standard in the 21st century.


1422 © 2007 The Authors JEADV 2007, 21, 1413–1450 Journal compilation © 2007 European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 4 Diwan AH, Graves ED, King JA, Horenstein MG. Nuchal-type fibroma in two related patients with Gardner's syndrome. Am J Surg Pathol 2000; 24: 1563–1567. 5 Weedon D. Tumors of fat. In: Weedon D, ed. Skin Pathology, 2nd edn. Churchill Livingstone, London, 2002: 955–965. 6 Weedon D. Neural and neuroendocrine tumors. In: Weedon D, ed. Skin Pathology, 2nd edn. Churchill Livingstone, London, 2002: 977–999. 7 Diwan AH, Horenstein MG. Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans association with nuchal-type fibroma. J Cutan Pathol 2004; 31: 62–66.


Our objective was to systematically study the relationship between maximum biomass concentration of different Bifidobacteria and total‐acid anions accumulation, and develop a prediction equation for the maximum biomass concentration in the fed‐batch culture at pH‐controlled 7·0. The accumulation of acid anions and the consumption of nutrients of various strains were evaluated. In addition, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of acid anions on a range of strains were examined at pH 7·0. The inhibition of acid anions, which had the same MIC as sodium chloride, was due to the osmotic pressure under pH 7·0 conditions. Moreover, the concentration of total‐acid anions completely inhibiting each strain in the fed‐batch culture at pH‐controlled 7·0 had no significant differences with the MIC of acid anions for the corresponding strains. The osmotic pressures under two conditions were not significantly different. Finally, the maximum biomass concentration of Bifidobacteria was found to be closely related to biomass yield per unit of acid anion produced (YX/P) and MIC (C) which were needed for the prediction, and different strains exhibited marked correlation (P ˂ 0·01, R = 0·985). An equation for the prediction of the maximum biomass concentration was developed as follows: Xmax−X0 = (0·71 ± 0·03)·YX/P·C.


We reveal a relationship between the non-local operator L with variable order having n as a L´ evy-type kernel and the symmetric quadratic form defined by t he kernel n. The relationship is obtained through the carr ´ e du champ operator relative to L.


Location-based services, such as finding the nearest gas station, require users to supply their location information. However, a user's location can be tracked without her consent or knowledge. Lowering the spatial and temporal resolution of location data sent to the server has been proposed as a solution. Although this technique is effective in protecting privacy, it may be overkill and the quality of desired services can be severely affected. In this paper, we investigate the relationship between uncertainty, privacy, and quality of services. We propose using probabilistic queries to precisely control location uncertainty. We also suggest a framework where uncertainty can be controlled to provide high quality, privacy-preserving services.


In this paper we investgate some properties of fuzzy ideal extension of fuzzy ideal, fuzzy prime ideal, fuzzy semiprime ideal of a Γ−semiring. Among other results we have obtained a characterization of a prime ideal Io f aΓ −semiring in terms of fuzzy ideal extension of its characteristic function λI .


Abstract This paper presents a sharp boundary growth estimate for all positive superharmonic functions u in a smooth domain Ω in ℝ2 satisfying the nonlinear inequality \[ -\Delta u(x) \le c\delta _\Omega (x)^{-\alpha }u(x)^p \quad \text {for all } x\in \Omega , \] where c>0, α∈ℝ and p>0, and δΩ(x) stands for the distance from a point x to the boundary of Ω. A result is applied to show the existence of nontangential limits of such superharmonic functions.


An improved divided difference particle filter( IDDPF) is proposed to improve the low accuracy of state estimation and divergent tend problem which may be caused by divided difference particle filter( DDPF) in the condition of the non-stationary non-Gaussian measurement noise( NSNGN). The IDDPF algorithm adopts Gaussian mixture density function to approximately estimate the measurement noise,instead of the Gaussian density function usually adopted in DDPF. The noise parameters are estimated by maximizing the log likelihood function of the measurement noise model. The model is then used to calculate the particle weight,which avoids the particle degeneracy problem. The IDDPF algorithm is tested by establishing bearing-only tracking of underwater target under the glint measurement noise background.The results of 50 Monte-Carlo simulation experiments show that the IDDPF algorithm has the advantages of fast tracking response,high estimated precision and robustness,etc. under NSNGN background.


Based on the field survey of geological condition and inducing factors of the gravel soil slope along Shiyan-Tianshui expressway,the paper analyzes the sensitivity of factors affect stability of the slope by using transfer coefficient method and mathematical statistics. The result indicates that landslide mainly caused by persistent rain which will make unit weight increase and soil strengthless. Factors affect stability of gravel soil slope are internal friction angle of dip of slide plane,cohesion of slide- zone soil and soil volume weight.


Capacitor mounted interposer (100) includes a via plug (12) plug substrate formed with (10), a capacitor board capacitors are formed (20). Capacitor substrate (20) includes a substrate main body (21), and a capacitor formed on the main surface of the substrate main body (22), a cover insulating film covering the capacitor (25), the cover insulating film are connected to the electrodes of the capacitor comprising a terminal electrode (26) formed on the surface, the electrode pads formed on the back surface of the substrate main body (24), and a via plug 23 for connecting the terminal electrode and the electrode pad. Plug board (10) is connected to the substrate main body (11), on the main surface of the substrate main body, an electrode pad formed corresponding to the terminal electrode of the capacitor substrate (13), the electrode pad through the substrate body and a via plug (12) to be.


Primary care teams, including nurses, midwives, health visitors and general practitioners are involved in identifying and managing depression during antenatal and postpartum care. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) has issued a guidance report for health care professionals on routine postnatal care, which includes depression (NICE, 2006). It is important to identify effective intervention for postpartum care.