N I959 Charles Ryskamp marveled regarding Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter "that the American sources for the factual background of his most famous novel have been largely unnoticed." The wonder is equally great, if not greater, that today-more than twenty years later-the New England sources of one of his best-known tales, "My Kinsman, Major Molineux," remain for the most part unexplored. Further, it is an irony of Hawthorne scholarship that an important historical source for his greatest novel should so long have been largely overlooked as also an important source of "Major Molineux." Of Dr. Caleb H. Snow's History of Boston, Ryskamp remarked: "As would seem only natural, Hawthorne used the most creditable history of Boston available to him at that time, and one which is still an important source for the identification of houses of the early settlers and for landmarks in the city."1 The irony of this oversight is augmented by the fact that the only times when Hawthorne is known to have had access to the book were in I827 and I829, at or near the time he must have written "Major Molineux" and long before he conceived The Scarlet Letter.2 In "My Kinsman, Major Molineux," Hawthorne incorporated material from Snow and other New England sources to create an authentic background to help his readers willingly suspend their disbelief and accept his imaginative story as though it were real. This assistance is necessary in a story that does not record an authentic incident from New England's history but interprets that history. In addition to historical and topographical facts used or alluded to in


Kentucky is using a new twist on partnering to jump-start a crucial parkway project that officials hope will fuel economic growth in a rural region. A consulting team pushed a $24-million first phase through planning, design, approval, and acquisitions into construction in less than a year, saving at least a year off the typical process. A kickoff workshop included 50 state, local, public, and private representatives, as well as Governor Paul Patton (D). Representatives of 34 organizations met regularly to resolve issues immediately, sending some 6,000 e-mail messages and constantly updating a project Website.


According to the guiding principles of lumping theory,a new kinetic model involving 27 lumped components and 52 reactions for catalytic naphtha reforming was developed to satisfy the commercial reforming units to produce aromatics based on the reaction mechanisms,and a mathematic model is formed for continuous reforming moving-bed radial-flow reactor.The C8 aromatics were divided into ethylbenzene and xylene,and C9 aromatics were divided into trimethylbenzene,methylethylbenzene and propylbenzene respectively in the modeling.The 111 parameters were estimated based on the data from plant,which coincided well with the mechanisms of reforming reactions catalyzed by typical bifunctional catalyst.The deactivation constants showed that the deactivation on acidic sites of bifunctional catalyst was more serious than on its metal sites.The simulation of UOP commercial continuous reforming unit was carried out for verifying the model.The results showed that perfect agreement of material compositions and catalyst coke content at the exit of the fourth reactor was obtained between simulated values and actual values,which means that the model could predict aromatic composition in detail and provide a basis for optimization of reforming unit to produce aromatics.


Objective: To assess the values of serum tumor-associated antigens( TAA) in diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods:Chemiluminescence immunoassay was used to detect the serum level of serum CA125,CA199,CEA,FER and SCC in 172 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Fifty healthy subjects undergone physical examination and another 50 patients with early lung cancer were included as controls. Significant TAA was analyzed in part of the subjects. Results: Higher serum levels of CA125 and FER were seen in tuberculosis group( P 0. 017),and the levels of serum CA199,CEA and SCC in this group were significantly lower compared to early lung cancer group( P 0. 017). Unconditioned Logistic regression analysis showed that positive acid-fast bacillus( AFB),occurrence of pulmonary pleural effusion or cavity were associated with high CA125 levels,whereas positive FER rate was involved in presence of concurrent infection,scope of lesion and positive AFB results( P 0. 05). Conclusion: Appropriate application of TAA determination can not only contribute to early differential diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis and lung cancer,but to estimation of active pulmonary tuberculosis and its severity,lesion involvement and presence or absence of concurrent infection.


This communication presents global statistics of daily mean temperature changes as a function of previous day temperature anomaly. The relationship obtained clearly exhibits properties of response functions: the larger the anomaly, the larger the expected magnitude of temperature change backward to the long‐term average value. Worldwide statistics reveals that this temperature response function is inherently nonlinear and climate specific. However the central part around the origin can be approximated well by a linear fit. At a large number of geographic locations, the intercepts have small offsets toward nonzero values, and these offsets are geographically correlated. We show that one possible reason is a marked asymmetry of temperature fluctuations, that is warming steps have significantly higher frequencies and lower average magnitudes than those of cooling steps, almost everywhere. These two opposing effects could result in stationary fluctuations around an annual cycle, however, our statistics clearly indicates the presence of global warming.


The measurement of performance and the evaluation of social change efforts are vital yet challenging issues for practitioners and researchers of social entrepreneurship. Although tools exist to mea...


. We consider the Toda system where γ i > − 1, δ 0 is the Dirac measure at 0, and the coefficients a ij are of the Cartan matrix of rank 2: A 2 ,B 2 (= C 2 ) ,G 2 . Previously, the authors have gotten the classification and non-degeneracy results of solutions for Cartan matrix A 2 and B 2 . In this paper, we consider the G 2 case, and we completely classify the solutions and obtain the quantization result as well as the non- degeneracy of solutions for the G 2 Toda system.


Significance Some fungal diseases spread within and among crops via the aerial dispersal of microscopic spores. Existing studies have characterized the liberation and dispersal of spores via wind and/or rain splash. Here, we show that dew droplets spontaneously jumping from superhydrophobic wheat leaves can disperse adhered spores, even in the complete absence of rain or strong winds. We found that the jumping-droplet effect results in short-range spore dispersal in the absence of wind. Long-range dispersal was possible when jumped droplets became suspended in a gentle wind, which is a synergistic effect as the wind alone was unable to dislodge dry spores. Finally, we show that proactive measures, such as applying a fungicide to suppress jumping-droplet condensation, can prevent dew-induced disease spread. Plant pathogens are responsible for the annual yield loss of crops worldwide and pose a significant threat to global food security. A necessary prelude to many plant disease epidemics is the short-range dispersal of spores, which may generate several disease foci within a field. New information is needed on the mechanisms of plant pathogen spread within and among susceptible plants. Here, we show that self-propelled jumping dew droplets, working synergistically with low wind flow, can propel spores of a fungal plant pathogen (wheat leaf rust) beyond the quiescent boundary layer and disperse them onto neighboring leaves downwind. An array of horizontal water-sensitive papers was used to mimic healthy wheat leaves and showed that up to 25 spores/h may be deposited on a single leaf downwind of the infected leaf during a single dew cycle. These findings reveal that a single dew cycle can disperse copious numbers of fungal spores to other wheat plants, even in the absence of rain splash or strong gusts of wind.


12 Kety SS, Schmidt CF. The determination of cerebral blood flow in man by the use of nitrous oxide in low concentrations. Am J Physiol 1945: 143:53-66 Landau WM, Freygang WH, Rowland LP, Sokoloff L, Kety SS. The local circulation of the living brain: Values in the unanesthetized and anaesthetized cat. Trans Am Neurol Assoc 1955:80: 125-1 29. Lassen, NA, Ingvar DH. The blood flow of the cerebral cortex determined by radioactive Krypton-85. Experientia 1961 : 17:42-45. Ingvar DH, Lassen NA. Regional blood flow of the cerebral cortex determined by Krypton". Acta Physiol Scand 1963:54:325-338. Sokoloff L, Reivich M, Kennedy C, Des Rosiers MH, Patlak CS, Pettigrew KD, Sakurada 0, Shinohara M. The ['4C]deoxyglocose method for the measurement of local cerebral glucose utilization: Theory, procedure, and normal values in the conscious and anaesthetized albino rat. J Neurochem 1977:28:897-916. Phelps ME, Huang SC, Hoffman EJ, Selin CE, Kuhl DE. Tomographic measurement of local cerebral glucose metabolic rate in man with ~"F]-flourodeoxyglucose: validation of method. Ann Neurol 1979:6:37 1-388. Fox PT, Raichle ME. Stimulus rate dependence of regional cerebral blood flow in human striate cortex, demonstrated by positron emission tomography. J Neurophysiol 19845 1: 1109-1 120. Friston KJ, Frith DC, Liddle PF, Lammertsma AA, Dolan RD, Frackowiak RSJ. The relationship between global and local changes in PET scans. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1990:10:458-466. Lassen NA. Cerebral blood flow and oxygen consumption in man. Physiol Rev 1959:39: 183-238. Pierce E, Lambertsen CJ, Deuch S, Chase PE, Linde HW, Dripps RD, Price HL. Cerebral circulation and metabolism during thiopental aesthesia and hyperventilation in man. J Clin Invest 1962:41:1664-1671. Blacklock JB, Oldfield EH, DiChiro G. Effect of barbiturate coma on glucose utilization in normal brain versus gliomas. Positron Emission tomography studies. J Neurosurg 1987:67:7 1-75. Levy DE, Sidtis JJ, Rottenberg DA. Differences in cerebral blood flow and glucose utilization in vegetative versus locked-in patients. Ann Neurol 1987:22:673-682. 13 Michenfelder JD. Anesthesia and the brain. Churchill. New York, 1988 14


PARENTS OF 13 CHILDREN HAVING MODERATE OR SEVERE DISABILITIES WHO WERE RECEIVING EDUCATIONAL SERVICES IN INCLUSIVE SETTINGS ACROSS SEVEN SCHOOL DISTRICTS WERE INTERVIEWED ABOUT THEIR PERCEPTIONS OF SERVICES IN SELF-CONTAINED AND INCLUSIVE SETTINGS. SEMISTRUCTURED INTERVIEWS WERE USED TO OBTAIN DATA PERTAINING TO THESE PARENTS' PERCEPTIONS. INTERVIEWS WERE ANALYZED FOR COMMON THEMES ACROSS PARENTS PER TYPE OF SETTING, WITH THREE MAJOR THEMES BEING IDENTIFIED. THEMES INCLUDED COMMENTS RELATED TO THE LOCATION IN WHICH SERVICES ARE PROVIDED, THE CONTENT ADDRESSED DURING INSTRUCTION, AND THE MANNER IN WHICH SERVICES ARE DELIVERED. PARENTS CLEARLY STATED THEIR RATIONALE FOR WHAT THEY CONSIDERED APPROPRIATE AND LEAST RESTRICTIVE ABOUT SETTINGS AND INSTRUCTIONAL CONTENT. PARENTS ALSO EXPRESSED THEIR VIEWS ON HOW DISTRICT PERSONNEL SHOULD INTERACT WITH THEIR CHILDREN, THOUGH SPECIFIC TEACHING STRATEGIES TO ENHANCE THEIR CHILDREN'S LEARNING WERE NOT ARTICULATED AS CLEARLY. FINDINGS FROM THIS STUDY ADD TO THE LITERATURE ON PARENT PERCEPTIONS AND INVOLVEMENT IN EDUCATION TEAM DECISIONS. FUTURE RESEARCH NEEDS RELATE TO FACTORS ATTRIBUTING TO THESE PERCEPTIONS.


ABSTRACT Cells experience different oxygen concentrations depending on location, organismal developmental stage, and physiological or pathological conditions. Responses to reduced oxygen levels (hypoxia) rely on the conserved hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1). Understanding the developmental and tissue-specific responses to changing oxygen levels has been limited by the lack of adequate tools for monitoring HIF-1 in vivo. To visualise and analyse HIF-1 dynamics in Drosophila, we used a hypoxia biosensor consisting of GFP fused to the oxygen-dependent degradation domain (ODD) of the HIF-1 homologue Sima. GFP-ODD responds to changing oxygen levels and to genetic manipulations of the hypoxia pathway, reflecting oxygen-dependent regulation of HIF-1 at the single-cell level. Ratiometric imaging of GFP-ODD and a red-fluorescent reference protein reveals tissue-specific differences in the cellular hypoxic status at ambient normoxia. Strikingly, cells in the larval brain show distinct hypoxic states that correlate with the distribution and relative densities of respiratory tubes. We present a set of genetic and image analysis tools that enable new approaches to map hypoxic microenvironments, to probe effects of perturbations on hypoxic signalling, and to identify new regulators of the hypoxia response. Summary: This study describes a biosensor for visualising the hypoxic state of cells in vivo. They demonstrate that the Drosophila larval brain contains distinct hypoxic microenvironments that correlate with local airway supply.


The paper presents a static tax-benefit microsimulation model developed by combining the IT-SILC 2016 dataset, a survey on Italian incomes and living conditions, and administrative tax return micro data in the same year. The dataset derives from the exact matching of survey and administrative data. The microsimulation model reproduces in detail the features of Italian personal income tax and benefit system and is aimed at evaluating tax revenue and fiscal policies distributive impact. Redistribution analysis is carried out by using concentration, progressivity and redistribution indices for individual taxpayers and equivalent households. Inequality issues are analysed further through the computation of decile and quintile distribution of household gross and disposable income, by using the tax-benefit microsimulation model.


The isolation of Streptomyces from crowded or contaminated cultures is often a matter of some difficulty. We have devised a simple method which has been used with some success in the case of sporulating cultures. A small piece of medium bearing the organism to be isolated is cut out with a sterile spatula and placed on the bottom of the cotton wool plug of a tube containing a sterile nutrient agar slope, The medium will adhere to the plug, leaving the mycelium on the outward surface. The tube is then tapped gently, so that spores are scattered on the fresh medium. The tube should be held at a very slight angle to ensure even distribution; too low an angle will tend to confine


. The 3D micropolar system with a damping term is considered by the uniform estimates. In this paper, global attractors of the 3D micropolar equations with damping term are proved for 3 < β < 5 with any σ > 0.


Appling multiplayer fuzzy synthesis estimation method, a utility estimation software was designed. It involves main factors method and adding weighted average arithmetic of fuzzy synthesis estimation method. Using this software quantified estimation can be realized rapidly and rationally for safety reliability of mine ventilation system. In addition, it possesses those functions of data input, query, print and maintenance. Finally, an actual example was provided.


This article reviews the adaptability of the IEP process to a computerized format Following a discussion of studies that support the use of computer-managed IEPs and potential deterrents to using this software application, software evaluation criteria are summarized. For administrators who are considering computerized IEPs, a checklist/rating scale is presented. The proposed evaluation form focuses on (a) the extent to which software includes all elements of an IEP and (b) the technological sophistication and user friendliness of the software. The evaluation form is explained and applied to two nationally advertised software programs: the Talley Goals and Objectives Writer (1986), a software program which is related to the Brigance Comprehensive Diagnostic Inventory of Basic Skills (Brigance, 1977), and IEPs Unlimited (Goode, 1985).


A study of kinetics of photo-refractive light scattering in ostensibly pure stoichiometric LiNbO3 (Li/Nb = 1) single crystal grown from melt containing 58.6 mole% Li2O excited by laser radiation of 0.53 μm is reported. Asymmetry of the distribution of scattered light intensity is revealed and found to be a linear function of the intensity of the exciting radiation in the 35–160 mW range. Due to heating of the crystal, at farther increase of the radiation intensity the distribution of scattered light contracts.


A preliminary investigation of the extent to which supportive services contribute to the effectiveness of a methadone treatment program was conducted.


The third round of elections to Scottish District Councils took place on May 1st 1980. In this chapter we present first of all a relatively straightforward analysis of the results of these elections comparing them with the previous District elections of 1974 and 1977. We then go on to look more specifically at the increasingly important role of political parties in Scottish local government. In this section we consider four topics of interest-contests, candidatures, turnout and the distribution of votes and seats. At the outset it should be noted that between 1977 and 1980 ward boundaries were revised in 20 of the 53 Scottish Districts. These were Caithness,pated that the remaining Districts will have their ward boundaries re-drawn before the next elections in 1984. The changes since the last elections do not inhibit District by District comparisons but they do *This Chapter is based on the results of the District elections as published in The Scotsman newspaper, and should be regarded as a preliminary analysis. A comprehensive analysis and compilation of results appears in The Scottish District Elections 1980, published by the authors.


The authors analyze the optimal design of debt maturity, coupon payments, and dividend payout restrictions under asymmetric information. They show that, if the asymmetry of information is concentrated around long-term cash flows, firms finance with coupon-bearing long-term debt that partially restricts dividend payments. If the asymmetry of information is concentrated around near-term cash flows and there exists considerable refinancing risk, firms finance with coupon-bearing long-term debt that does not restrict dividend payments. Finally, if the asymmetry of information is uniformly distributed across dates, firms finance with short-term debt. Copyright 1995 by American Finance Association.


The present invention taken in a series of operations from the set of values of input and output variables by operating or controlling an object composed of samples obtained, made the initial value of the input variable values used for each input variable, the final value, the maximum and minimum specified value of the target line, the output variable values remain out of range of the input variables of identity, creating scope for each input range and tactical line of variable output variable values linked. The range of input variables have conditions are not met the goal line policy route chain with the target line. The variable range of an input into the operation of the route policy input variable values chain line with the policy route.


Purpose
The "metaverse" is the new buzzword. With the phenomenal growth of the metaverse comes accounting, taxation and jurisdictional challenges, which business and governments have yet to fully address. This paper aims to highlight and rationalise the lack of regulatory framework and multiplicity of jurisdictions on metaverse transactions. This paper addresses some of the complications with respect to accounting and taxation in virtual environments.

Design/methodology/approach
This study relies on secondary data and emerging literature to understand the multiplicity of jurisdiction and complexity of the accounting transactions. The concept of the metaverse is rapidly evolving, and this study uses extant literature to provide the foundation for understanding the key challenges relating to accounting and taxation.

Findings
Concepts of revenue recognition and deferment are challenged by the transactions in the metaverse. There are novel applications, underpinned by emerging technologies and blockchain supporting new crypto assets, such as non-fungible tokens and other decentralised finance (DeFi) tools; however, the caveats of anonymity and jurisdictional issues persist. The paper suggests that the industry must adapt to the unique reporting requirements of these assets and develop new standards for evaluating their value for financial reporting purposes. The paper emphasises the need for a case-based approach in the absence of standardised regulations for the accounting industry in the metaverse.

Originality/value
This paper adds original contributions to extant literature of the metaverse and advances ongoing debates into the accounting and taxation issues pertinent to the metaverse and DeFi.


What does "education" mean? According to the dictionary, "to educate" means "to bring up and train the mind and way of thinking". And "education" means "the act or process of educating". So education is quite an important thing which can brighten people's mind, enlarge their knowledge and lift their ability of some certain areas. The educational systems of two big countries in the world, UK and China, are very complicated in some degree. There are a lot of similarities and differences between them. They both have advantages and disadvantages in each phase of education. In UK, the educational system is more complicated. Generally speaking, there are two parallel systems of primary and secondary education, the state school and "public school", of which the former is in the majority. For higher education, the case is even more complex. There are four main sorts of universities, in addition to some open ones. So we may say that the system of educational system in UK is one of the most complicated in the world. In China, the system is less complex compared with Britain. There are also public and private schools in each level. But generally there is one system. We have compulsory education for nine years, after which some students stop school, but much more go on with studying in higher schools. In the old days, the education in China is completely designed for exams. But that is not suitable for students to get knowledge. Now we have designed a new system called "education for quality". That makes students develop in every field. Students no longer sit in the classrooms reading books all day. Some new subjects, or "activity classes" have come into work. Unlike the old system, it has achieved the real goal of education.


Many reasons cause multi-carrier CDMA to be the best technology in the latest mobile generations known by fourth generation for mobile. As well known, the greatest enemy for any wireless communication is multi-path fading which usually result in distortion in time-domain, or in frequency domain or even in both. Therefore any new technique applied into mobile communication system is concerning with mitigating multi-path fading distortion which appears in form of reducing BER level. In this paper three techniques have been combined in order to enhance mobile system performance in the presence of multipath fading channel. These techniques are, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), code division multiple access (CDMA), and modified space shift keying (SSK). The last technique is considered special case for MIMO technology. By the aid of MATLAB code, proposes system was simulated in order to display BER performance versus variation in the SNR at many various system conditions.


The invention provides an integrated highly-concentrated solar cell module, which structurally comprises an electrode structure of a highly-concentrated solar cell chip, a circuit structure of a ceramic copper-cladded substrate, layout of a bypass diode and integration of a highly-concentrated solar cell module. According to a preparation method of the integrated highly-concentrated solar cell module, through optimizing the integrated structure of the highly-concentrated solar cell chip, the efficiency of a photovoltaic generator unit is increased and the cost of photovoltaic generation is reduced, and thus the purpose of optimizing the performance of the photovoltaic generator unit is achieved.


This paper discusses the implementation of the renewable energy sources and the energy storage system to the smart grid by means of simulating toolkit of Modes. The output curve of photovoltaic and wind power plant is also the part of this paper. This paper analyses the difference between residential and commercial load. The test system was made in Modes for modelling all possibilities. The possibility of connection energy storage is analysed. The storage system is used for charming the load peaks during the day to compare smart grids with energy storage and without it.


Screen Saver is used to prevent burning screen if pixer does not change for a long time.The article describes features of the screen saver and the method of designing screen saver program,and gives a screen saver program in Visual Basic6.0 for an instance.


The frequency of wife assault among mothers of a birth cohort of New Zealand children was studied during the period when the children were from two to seven years of age. Wife assault occurred at a rate of 2% to 3% per year, with approximately 8.5% of wives reporting assault during the six-yearperiod. Rates of assault were related to a series offamily formation variables and social factors including length of marriage, type of marriage, planning of pregnancy, parental age, church attendance, andfamily socioeconomic status. The various risk factors relating to rates of wife assault were modeled with the use of the proportional-hazards model. This showed substantial differences in rates of assault on the basis of characteristics of the family. Women in the "least risk" families reported no assaults during the six-year period, while nearly one-third of the women in the "high risk" families reported assault over the same time span.


Is promoting cultural heritage just putting sticking plaster on the wounds of deindustrialization? Or can it be a source of regional economic regeneration? Daniel Bell once made much of France's transition to a full-fledged urban capitalism in the second half of the twentieth century. France, for which agriculture was still the dominant industry until World War II, is now the most visited country in the world, a patchwork of local traditions made up of terroir (soil) and patrimoine (heritage) and sustained by members who often divide their time between urban residences and holiday homes in their native countryside. The Le Creusot-Montceau-les-Mines Basin in northern Burgundy was until the 1970s and '80s a thriving centre for the steel and mining industries. Now it has an écomusée(a museum of the human environment that is nationally known). Next door in the Bourbince Valley there was once a flourishing stoneware pottery industry. The pots were mainly used as containers for Dijon mustard, fruit liqueurs, and pharmaceutical products. Now they are collector's items, and some of them have found their way into the écomusée. Thierry Bonnot, who was attached to the museum, has carried out a historical ethnography of material culture in this local region through a focus on the changing uses of the stoneware. Taking his cue from Appadurai's The Social Life of Things, he pays particular attention to the stories people tell about the objects in their possession and in the process reveals an interesting dialectic between public initiative and popular practice in the development of cultural heritage. Anthropologists have looked at commodities in this way before, but the commodities in question have tended to be widely known in their own right. These mass-produced pots were once anonymous and have gradually assumed a distinctive


Cooperation of all the members in a supply chain plays an important role in logistics service. The service integrator can encourage cooperation from service suppliers by sharing their cost during the service, which we assume can increase the sales by accumulating the reputation of the supply chain. A differential game model is established with the logistics service supply chain that consists of one service integrator and one supplier. And we derive the optimal solutions of the Nash equilibrium without cost sharing contract and the Stackelberg equilibrium with the integrator as the leader who partially shares the cost of the efforts of the supplier. The results make the benefits of the cost sharing contract in increasing the profits of both players as well as the whole supply chain explicit, which means that the cost sharing contract is an effective coordination mechanism in the long-term relationship of the members in a logistics service supply chain.


Abalone Haliotis asinina is also found in seagrass vegetation. The aim of this research was to determine sex ratio and minimum size at sexual maturity of H. asinina. The sampling duration was seven months (from April to October 2018) in Tapulaga, Soropia District, Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi (S 03 56'19.7" and E 122 38' 41.6"). Random sampling in seagrass vegetation was conducted using a traditional tool called "ganco" (traditional fishing spear). Male and female abalone ratio of 1.15:1 (balanced condition) was found. The minimum size of sexual maturity was 32.94 mm for male and 33.42 mm for female individuals. R square was 0.99 for both male and female H. asinina.


Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) is a multipurpose crop. In general, the Jatropha is considered to be free from various diseases and pests. However, some diseases have been reported recently. The moderate incidence of leaf spot disease was observed in the Jatropha plantation at central farm, Marathwada Agricultural University, Parbhani (M.S.). The leaf spot disease was observed on Jatropha plant from July to first fortnight of November. The disease incidence was maximum in the month of August and subsequently it decreased up to November. In general, the symptoms of leaf spot disease were developed in rainy season. The disease was not observed in the month of November second fortnight and onwards when the temperatures and humidity were low. Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) is an important multipurpose plant belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae. It is believed to be a native of South America and Africa but later spread to other countries of the world. Today it is found in almost all the tropical and sub tropical regions of the world. In general, the Jatropha is considered to be free from different diseases and pests. However, some diseases viz. , Root rot (Cilocybe tabescens), Leaf spot (Colletotrichum gloeosporides) and Rust (Phakospora jatrophicola ) have been reported by Duke (1983). Also foliar diseases caused by Alternaria sp., Dothiorella sp., Oidium sp., and Fusarium sp. were reported in addition to the bacterial angular spot caused by Xanthomonas sp. on Jatropha curcas in Nicaragua (Padilla and Monterroso, 1999). Rangaswamy et al. (2005) observed mosaic disease symptomatologically resembling Jatropha Mosaic Virus (JMV) disease on some naturally grown Jatropha curcas plants during 2004 in Kolar and Bangalore districts of Karnataka state. Leaf spot disease of Jatropha caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz. was found in "Jatropha plantation at Biodiversity cum Genomic Valley Park", Dr.B.S. Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli (Watve, 2006). The leaf spot disease of Jatropha caused by Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler was observed in the Jatropha plantation at central farm, Marathwada Agricultural University, Parbhani in 2006. Hence, study of incidence and severity was undertaken.


The 18th World Conference of Lung Cancer (WCLC), hosted by International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC), was held during October 15–18 in Yokohama, Japan.


The sixth plenary of the 16th CPC decides to put forward society's harmony by inner-party's harmony.It depends on the CPC's ruling position and the relationship between party's harmony and society's harmony,and it also party's working experience.Inner-party's harmony includes party's thought harmony system harmony and relationship harmony among party's members and party's organizations.To realize it,we should strengthen party member' ideal,amplify party's rules and regulations,guarantee party member' democracy rights,carry out party conduct building,improve the way to lead and in power.


The detection and analysis of chatter behaviour in endmilling is very complex and difficult, so it is necessary to detect and diagnose this chatter phenomenon clearly. This paper presents a new method for detecting the abnormal chatter in endmilling operation, based on the wavelet transform. To verify the chatter ARMAX spectrum was used. By comparing the ARMAX spectrum with input of noise, the fundamental property of chatter and the characteristics of the wavelet transform is reviewed This result obtained by wavelet transform shows the possibility and reliability for detecting the chatter in endmilling.


The adoption of charge-redistribution-technique-based successive approximation register (SAR) architecture in capacitance domain has improved the performance of the digital readout circuit used for capacitive sensor applications. The direct conversion of an off-chip sensor's capacitance to a digital value requires a large implemented capacitor array. A scale factor scaling the reference voltage is used to reduce the overall value of the capacitor array, though at the price of increasing power consumption due to a multi-level voltage divider is required. Moreover, the scale factor is adjusted manually which is not acceptable in practice. To overcome this problem, we propose an innovative algorithm which adapts automatically and exactly the off-chip capacitance to the implemented capacitance without using the multi-level voltage divider. The proposed algorithm is operated fully in digital domain which is straightforward for implementation. The effectiveness of the automatic dynamic range adaptation scheme is demonstrated via behavioral-level simulations of a differential capacitance/digital converter.


Ronald E. Stewart Stewart, R. E.; Gross, L. L.; Honkala, B. H. Effects of competing vegetation on forest trees: a bibliography with abstracts. Washington, D.C.: U.S Department of Agriculture, Forest Service; 1984. 1 v. (loose-leaf). ARBOUR, S. J. -0002 1 of 1 FPM8 3-0002 Arbour, Steven J.; Ezel 1 , Andrew W. Effect of mechanical site preparation treatments on height growth of loblolly pine in East Texas sandy soils. In: Barnett, James P., ed. Proceedings of the First Biennial Southern Sil vicul tural Research Conference. 1980 November 6-7; Atlanta, GA. General Technical Report SO34. New Orleans, LA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station; 1981: 96-99. Four 10-year-old loblolly pine plantations located within the Willis Geologic Formulation of the Upper Coastal Plain Region were used as sample sites in this study. Plantation selection criteria were: (1) plantations 10 years of age; (2) similar grade of planting stock; (3) 60 percent survival rate; (4) no severe evidence of fire, insect, or disease damage; and (5) plantation site prepared during summer or fall of 1969. The four plantations had received either chop/burn or shear/wi ndrow/burn site preparation and had been machine planted during the 1969-70 planting season. A total of 20 two-acre study sites, 295 feet to a side, were laid out. Within each study site 3 circular 1/20-acre sample plots were established. In addition to other data collected from each plot, two trees were selected for stem analysis to evaluate height growth. Table 1 shows tree height at 11 years. Trees growing on the chop/burn sites averaged 7 percent taller in total height than trees on the shear/wi ndrow/burn sites. Table 1. Effect of mechanical site preparation on growth of loblolly pine after 11 years Chop/Burn Shear/Wi ndrow/Burn (feet) (feet) Plantation 1 Plantation 2 Plantation 3 Plantation 4


With continuous masticator as experimental platform,natural rubber as raw material,the influence of filling factor on the continuous mastication effect of natural rubber was investigated. The results showed that when the cooling water temperatures of plasticizing section,pin section and extruding section barrels and the rotor head was 40,50,60,70 ℃ respectively,rotor speed was 30 r /min,filling factor was 60%,the best effect of continuous masticator was acquired,the Mooney viscosity of natural rubber decreased to maximum extent and the masticated rubber was more uniform.


Experimental Psychology Society Birmingham 10-12 April 2006 There is a strong genetic contribution to children's language and literacy impairments. The aim of this study was to determine which aspects of the phenotype are familial by comparing 34 parents of children with specific language/literacy impairments and 33 control parents. The parents responded to questionnaires regarding previous history for language/reading impairment and participated in psychometric testing. The psychometric test battery consisted of tests assessing non-verbal IQ, short-term memory, articulation, receptive grammar, reading abilities, and spelling. Self-report measures demonstrated a higher prevalence of language and literacy impairments (32%) in parents of children with language/literacy problems, compared with control parents (6%). The parents of the two groups of probands differed significantly in their performance on the nonword repetition, oromotor, and digit span tasks. Nonword repetition gave the best discrimination between affected and unaffected parents and patterns of performance on the task indicated that family risk for language impairment varies continuously rather than being an all or none phenomenon. The pattern of impairment shows some differences between parents who self-report reading difficulties and those who report oral language problems. We hypothesise that both dyslexia and specific language impairment (SLI) are multi-componential and share some form of 'verbal trait deficit' but differ in the degree to which a verbal memory deficit is implicated.


JR-N Lymphocytes that migrate to the intestine express surface integrins that are heterodimeric molecules, as they have 2 chains, an alpha chain and a beta chain. When an alpha-4 chain pairs with a beta-7 chain, a molecule binds to a ligand on the intestinal endothelium known as mucosal vascular addressin cell adhesion molecule 1 (MAdCAM-1). In an issue of the European Journal of Immunology in 1980, Dr Eugene Butcher, who is the father of this field, described the theory that cells that migrated to the gut specifically express certain integrins that allow them to recognize that particular environment. Years passed until the pharmaceutical industry started developing drugs against these integrins. The first drug that was approved was natalizumab (Tysabri, Biogen), which is still used for the treatment of Crohn's disease. An ulcerative colitis indication was never pursued. Nata lizumab targets the alpha-4 chain in the alpha-4/beta-7 integrin as well as in the alpha-4/beta-1 integrin, which binds to vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (Figure). Vedolizumab (Entyvio, Takeda), which targets a combinatorial epitope specific for the alpha-4/beta-7 integrin, was approved in 2014 for the treatment of both ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Vedolizumab is currently in common use for these indications and is held in high esteem by inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) specialists because of its safety and because it acts through a different mode of action than cytokine blockade, a strategy commonly exemplified by tumor necrosis factor (TNF) blockade.


Dialectal suffixes -acz [-oc], -ak [-ok], -ula and -ka in zagorzanski dialect usually form pejorative names of people. Among female names, a special example is the suffix -ula, which is either non-existent in other dialects, or has a different function (forms names of wives or cows). By means of the words built with the use of these suffixes, language users make assessments and express critical attitude towards others.


The article presents the results investigations of the optical and photoelectric properties thin films zinc oxide obtained by the reactive ion-plasma method. It is shown that the optical and photoelectric properties of thin ZnO films has equivalent characteristics to the properties of single crystal zinc oxide and can be used to create UV-photoresistors.


The management of the students' apartment is faced with a great number of difficulties in the course of reformation of the socialization of the near service in the high schools. The author initiates the new management models on the base of experiences in many years, keeping space with the times, and builds the student-orientated new thoughts, meanwhile emphasizes the construction of the two parties and manages the students' apartment in the ideas of ideological politics, so as to make full of the "apartment culture".


Several grasses may serve as alternative hosts for cereal aphids during the interim between small-grain crops in South Dakota, but field studies to determine which grasses are important have not been undertaken. We sampled annual and perennial grasses for cereal aphids in 18 counties in South Dakota in the month of August over three years. Eighty-five of 240 site samples had one or more species of cereal aphids, including 61 of 65 corn sites and 12 of 13 sorghum and sudangrass sites. Four species of cereal aphids were found during the survey: corn leaf aphid, 74 times; bird cherry-oat aphid, 27 times; greenbug, eight times; and English grain aphid, seven times. Abundance of corn leaf aphid on host plants was rated high seven times, moderate 11 times, and low 50 times, and presence only was noted at six other sites. Abundance of bird cherry-oat aphid was rated high four times, moderate four times, and low 19 times. Abundance of English grain aphid and greenbug was always rated low. All high ratings of corn leaf aphid and of bird cherry-oat aphid occurred on field corn. Nine moderate ratings for corn leaf aphid and three for bird cherryoat aphid occurred on corn. Low frequencies of cereal aphids were found on volunteer small-grains and among weedy grass species such as rough barnyard grass, yellow foxtail, and green foxtail. Cereal aphids were not found on other weedy grasses or on noncultivated grasses. The results suggest that corn and, to less degree, sorghum served as predominant grass hosts of cereal aphids during August in South Dakota. Recent trends of expanding corn acreage in South Dakota may potentially lead to concomitant increases of cereal aphids and intensify the risk of fall infestation of winter grains by cereal aphids. ____________________ Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a major grain crop grown in South Dakota and other areas of the northern Great Plains. Although wheat is produced throughout South Dakota, its production is concentrated in the middle of the state. Both spring and winter varieties of wheat are widely grown in South Dakota (USDA-NASS 2009). Spring wheat is typically established from late March to mid-May in South Dakota, whereas winter wheat is generally established from late August through late October, undergoes winter dormancy, and resumes growth in the spring. Despite large temporal differences in their establishment, both spring and winter wheat typically mature from early July to early August in South Dakota. Wheat is subject to infestation by a complex of cereal aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) that includes Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch) (corn leaf aphid), R. padi (L.) (bird cherry-oat aphid), Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) (greenbug), and Sitobion avenae (F.) (English grain aphid) (Kieckhefer and Gustin 1967, Hesler et al. 2005). These cereal aphids cause yield loss in winter wheat (Pike 1USDA, Agricultural Research Service, North Central Agricultural Research Laboratory, 2923 Medary Avenue, Brookings, SD 57006 (e-mail: email@example.com). 1 Hesler and Dagel: Grass Hosts of Cereal Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Between Wheat Published by ValpoScholar, 2010 2 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST Vol. 43, Nos. 1 4 and Schaffner 1985, Riedell et al. 1999, Kindler et al. 2002), and they are also important vectors of barley yellow dwarf virus and cereal yellow dwarf virus (Hewings and Eastman 1995), which cause disease and yield loss to winter wheat in South Dakota (Fitzgerald and Stoner 1967, Riedell et al. 1999). By early August in most years, wheat and other small-grain crops have become largely senescent or have been harvested, and are therefore uninhabitable by cereal aphids (Kieckhefer 1984). Small-grain crops are not available again to cereal aphids in South Dakota until emergence of seedling winter grains commences in early September (Kieckhefer and Gustin 1967, Hesler et al. 2005). Thus, a span of at least 3 weeks transpires between small-grain crop cycles in which cereal aphids must find alternative hosts to persist in South Dakota. Alternative graminaceous hosts of cereal aphids have not been identified under field conditions in South Dakota. However, Kieckhefer (1984) predicted that some grass species may play a relatively important role as alternative hosts of cereal aphids in late summer based on laboratory tests. In other areas of the Great Plains, noncultivated grassy hosts facilitate oversummering local populations of cereal aphids, such as the greenbug (Michels Jr. 1986, Anstead et al. 2003) and Russian wheat aphid (Diuraphis noxia Mordvilko) (Armstrong et al. 1991, Brewer et al. 2000, Weiland et al. 2009), and other arthropod pests of wheat, such as wheat curl mite (Brey et al. 1998). In Manitoba, cereal aphids may reproduce on a wide array of grasses in the field, although the time of year and growth stage of the grass hosts has not been specified (Robinson and Hsu 1963). Some cultivated grasses other than wheat, such as corn and sorghum, also serve as hosts of cereal aphids (Robinson and Hsu 1963, Blackman and Eastop 2000), and, if verdant, might also support cereal-aphid populations in August in South Dakota. Non-harvested small-grain seeds that fall to the ground may sprout as "volunteer" seedlings and also serve as hosts of cereal aphids during August. Altogether, there are several varied sources of potential grass hosts for cereal aphids. Thus, we hypothesized that noncultivated grasses, cultivated grass crops, and volunteer seedling grains each serve as alternative hosts of cereal aphids during the summer break between small-grain crops in South Dakota. We tested this hypothesis by sampling potential grass hosts for cereal aphids in South Dakota during August over three years, and report our results in this paper. Study Sites and Methods Various annual and perennial grasses were sampled for cereal aphids in 18 counties in South Dakota 7 through 31 August 1998, 2 through 25 August 1999, and 28 July through 31 August 2000 (Fig. 1). The 18 counties were located in eastern (97 site samples), central (105 site samples), and western regions (37 site samples) of the state, with the number of site samples per county indicated on Figure 1. Multiple habitats were sampled, including crop fields (e.g., corn and sorghum fields and weeds therein; fallow fields with volunteer small-grain plants), relict prairies and natural areas, and roadside vegetation. Each grass species sampled at a site was considered as a sample unit. In 1998, 32 sample units were surveyed in eastern and central counties, and statewide surveys were conducted in 1999 and 2000 among 127 and 81 grass-sample units, respectively. Several additional sites were visited but not formally sampled each year, as grasses were senescent, and therefore unfavorable hosts for aphids. In all, 240 grass-sample units comprising 55 kinds of host plants were surveyed for cereal aphids, and consisted of 98 samples from crop fields and 142 samples from other habitats. Corn (Zea mays L.) was by far the most common host-plant sampled, constituting 65 samples, whereas other host plants each comprised 15 or fewer samples. Because habitats varied in patch size and the size and architecture of plants (e.g., small patches of prostrate grasses to large acreages of corn), we 2 The Great Lakes Entomologist, Vol. 43, No. 1 [2010], Art. 1 https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle/vol43/iss1/1 2010 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST 3 F ig u re 1 . C ou n ti es s am pl ed f or c er ea l a ph id s (g ra y w it h n u m be r of s am pl es ) in S ou th D ak ot a du ri n g th e m on th s of A u gu st 1 99 8, A u gu st 1 99 9, a n d la te J u ly t h ro u gh A u gu st 2 00 0. 3 Hesler and Dagel: Grass Hosts of Cereal Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Between Wheat Published by ValpoScholar, 2010 4 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST Vol. 43, Nos. 1 4 settled on timed searches as a standard sampling method. In some large grassland tracts, several sets of 50 to 100 sweeps using a standard sweepnet were conducted initially to pinpoint any grassy areas with aphids, but this method did not prove useful. Sampling time varied among sites, but about 15 minutes were usually spent per habitat. Large grassland tracts with multiple grass species and small, isolated patches of grasses received considerably more or less sampling time, respectively. Habitats were typically searched by walking a zigzag pattern through narrow habitats or a horseshoe pattern through other fields, with samplers stopping every few meters to search individual plants within a cluster for aphids. The above-ground parts of individual plants were sampled, with inflorescences, rolled leaves, and other aerial structures opened to check for the presence of cereal aphids. Grassy host plants and any aphids on them were recorded at each site surveyed. Non-agricultural grasses and weeds were identified to species using standard guides (Pohl 1968, Barkley 1986, Johnson and Larson 1999), and aphids were identified to species using various keys (Olsen et al. 1993, Blackman and Eastop 2000, Stoetzel and Miller 2001). Aphid levels were categorized as low (<25 aphids per plant, typically a few large nymphs and adults distributed sparsely on a plant, or one or two viviparae with small nymphs), moderate (25 to 100 aphids per plant, usually a few small clusters on a leaf, flower head, or seed head), or high (>100 aphids per plant, characterized by many clusters of aphids widely distributed on one or more plant structures), except for six sampling units (five corn fields and green foxtail within a corn field) in which only aphid presence was recorded.


. Quantifying the full-volatility organic emissions from cooking sources is important for understanding the causes of organic aerosol pollution. However, existing national cooking emission inventories in China fail to cover the full volatility 15 organics and have large biases in estimating emissions and their spatial distribution. Here, we develop the first emission inventory of full-volatility organics from cooking in China, which covers emissions from individual commercial restaurants as well as residential kitchens and canteens. In our emission estimates, we use cuisine-specific full-volatility emission factors and provincial policy-driven purification facility installation proportion, which allows us to consider the significant impact of diverse dietary preferences and policy changes on China's cooking emissions. The 2021 emissions of volatile organic 20 compounds (VOC), intermediate-volatility organic compounds (IVOCs), semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs), and organic compounds with even lower volatility (xLVOC) from cooking in China are 561 (317-891, 95% confidence interval) kt/y, 241 (135-374) kt


Our research addresses patterns of land cover and forest fragmentation in and around Kibale National Park in equatorial East Africa, and how park presence affects local livelihoods. Combining discrete and continuous data analyses of satellite imagery with a geographically random sample of two agricultural areas neighboring Kibale, we examine multi-scalar landscape change and diminishing resources in the context of population increase, potential climate change, and fortress conservation. While park boundaries have remained relatively intact since 1984, the domesticated landscape has become increasingly fragmented, with forests and wetlands shrinking, becoming more isolated, and suffering decreased productivity. Remnant wetland and forests are of particular interest because they supply ecological goods and services, but also provide habitat for primates and elephants from which to raid crops, not only posing a risk to food security, but may also lead to zoonotic disease emergence through spillover and spillback events.


Advances in computational chemistry have greatly increased its effectiveness and attractiveness as an emerging adjunct to experimental chemistry but also as an independent research field. This work studied some basic bonding Parameters, geometry, Uv-Visible spectra, HOMO-LUMO and harmonic vibrational frequencies of Quinoline were investigated by using density functional theory (DFT/6-31+ (d, p)) methods. The calculated wave numbers (B3LYP) agree properly with the determined wave numbers. The results obtained are then as compared with experimental statistics in which available. The structural parameters; thermochemistry, rotational constants, IR spectra and frequencies, bond distances, angles and dipole moment were obtained from the optimized stable geometries of the compound. The computed optimized geometric bond lengths and bond angles show good agreement with experimental data of the title compound. The calculated HOMO and LUMO energies indicate that charge transfer occurs within the molecule.


India government recently introduced a new campaign named "SWACH BHARATH" that is aiming to make our country clean and tidy. That is, now the condition of our country is very bad in the field of waste management. There are many waste bins in our cities and country sides. But the reality is nobody using it in an effective way. As we all saw that in cities and streets the waste bin is there and all the wastes are near its side. The reason for this is, if one person deposit the waste outside of it, the person next coming to their will automatically throws the waste outside of the basket. This will continues. Our intention is to approach this problem in a different manner. If the lid of the waste bin opens automatically, when a person approaches to the waste bin then the person automatically deposit the waste inside it. No one has a tendency to throw the garbage outside the basket. That is our project "SOLAR POWERED SMART WASTE BIN "which is aimed to make our cities and streets clean and tidy.


Divalent metal‐ion transporter‐1 (DMT1) is critical for intestinal iron absorption. DMT1 is energized by the H+ electrochemical potential gradient but the provenance of the H+ required to drive apical iron uptake is not known. To assess the roles of gastric acid and the brush‐border acidic microclimate in aiding intestinal iron transport, we have examined iron homeostasis and intestinal iron handling in mouse models lacking the α‐subunit of the gastric H+/K+‐ATPase (gHKA) or the brush‐border Na+/H+ exchangers NHE3 and NHE2. We found that liver nonheme iron stores (a preferred indicator of chronic iron status) in gHKA‐null mice were no different from wildtype mice whether fed normal or low‐iron diets. In animals fed 6 weeks on low‐iron diet, liver nonheme iron stores were depleted by 62% ± 3% (SE) in NHE2‐null mice and by 84% ± 2% in NHE3‐null mice compared with wildtype mice. In preliminary experiments in which we fed mice 59Fe by oral gavage, lower amounts of 59Fe appeared in blood (30 min – 4 h) and in enterocytes, liver and spleen (harvested at 4 h) of NHE2‐null and NHE3‐null mice compared with their wildtype littermates, suggesting that loss of NHE2 or NHE3 results in defects in apical intestinal iron uptake. Our data indicate that intestinal Na+/H+ exchangers NHE2 and NHE3, but not the gastric H+/K+‐ATPase, are required to maintain normal iron stores in the mouse, and raise the possibility that the acidic microclimate is critical for DMT1‐mediated iron uptake at the intestinal brush border.


The purpose of this research has identified unexpected outcomes from the implementation of Cambodia National Policy on Education for All (NPEA) from 2000 until 2015 where the poor and vulnerable have shown negative reaction to their right for Education for All (EFA) from Cambodian Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport (MoEYS) in reconstructing human capital and alleviating poverty toward the attainment of developed country in 2050. A mixed method study was conducted in two phases in which surveys and focus-group discussions with participants such as students, parents and officers in charge several communities and all districts across Phnom Penh; the capital city of Cambodia. It has found that there were production of institutional alienation practices performing by street-level bureaucrats during the 15 years periods of EFA implication which had provoked adverse outcomes in socio-economic disparity and inequity to different income groups assessment. Suggestions for policy makers and changes in practice for sustainable framework have also been addressed for continuing EFA policy implementation in Cambodia toward Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030.


Thuja occidentalis (family: Cupressaceae) has been used as antiseptic, expectorant, diuretic and in the treatme nt of cancer and removal of kidney stones in different system s of medicine . Th e present studies were carried out on T. occidentalis leaves extract to evaluate the h ematological and biochemical effects on rabbit s . The animals were divided in to control (A a nd B) and treated (C and D) male and female groups ( n= 5). T here was a slight decrease in Hemoglobin, Red blood cell count and Hematocrit/Packed cell volume values, while a significant increase in platelet count was observed in male and female treated group s . However, slight increase in total leukocyte count value in male treated group and decrease count with female treated group wa s also observed. Urea, Creatine phospho kinase, Creatine phospho kinase iso - enzyme, Direct Bilirubin, Gamma - glutamyl transpeptid ase , Cholesterol and Albumin/Globulin ratio values were elevated in male treated group . While Phosphorus, Uric acid, Lactate dehydrogenase , Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase , serum glutamic - pyruvic transaminase , Alkaline Phosphatase, Cholesterol, Tri glycerides, High density lipoprotein, Low density lipoprotein, Very - low - density lipoprotein , Globulin and Blood Glucose values were found low . In female treated group almost same results were observed like male treated group except th at hypoglycemic effect was more pronounced in female treated group. These findings suggested that when results of hematological and biochemical parameters of test groups (C & D) were compared with their respective controls (A & B), significant changes were observed which contr ibutes towards the diversified therapeutic effect of T. occidentalis .


Mme de Romilly finds that the Homeric Age had, in effect, no laws but only ad hoc ordinances (p. 10). She associates the beginning of law proper with the diffusion of the alphabet; and she seems inclined to accept the claim of democrats that respect for law was a special property of democracies. Did the beginning come so abruptly? The Homeric kings received from Zeus, the champion of justice, the themistes, the principles of right, on which they were supposed to base their decisions in settling cases. They were expected to decide in accordance with precedent; and what the study of oral poetry has taught us about human memory ought to warn us against over-estimating the undoubtedly important effects of the spread of written laws. Law was certainly a concept of central importance for the Athenian democracy; but was it not important for other kinds of constitution also ? Sparta was famous for her respect for law.


The cooperative works of single rank of piles with different vertical elastic rigidity under strip beam is analysed and the cooperative works rule is summarized in this paper.


Camila Gianella Marta Rodriguez de Assis Machado Angelica Peñas Defago Latin America is the only region in the world where adolescent pregnancies are not decreasing. According to a recent article in the Lancet, if the current trend continues, Latin American countries will not fulfill the sustainable development goal on adolescent pregnancy by 2030. This underperformance has happened despite positive developments towards meeting family planning needs and universal health coverage goals (see Table 1). This brief demonstrates how conservative political mobilization has blocked gender education in Latin American schools. What causes Latin America's high incidence of adolescent pregnancy? Photo: UNICEF/ECU/2017/Serrano (CC-license) C M I B R I E F


The long propagation delay and the high bit error rate of underwater acoustic channel greatly affect the performance efficiency of underwater acoustic networks (UWANs). In this paper, we propose three ARQ schemes for UWANs, namely selective repeat-ARQ, Type-I Hybrid ARQ and Type-II Hybrid ARQ, where the transmissions of data and acknowledgment packets are interlaced. The proposed ARQ schemes are designed in the multiuser UWAN with single-hop network topology, and the media access control is the time division multiple access. The performance of the proposed ARQ schemes, in terms of the transmission efficiency and the average transmission delay of a packet, is analyzed, and the closed-form expressions of the performance metrics are derived. By comparisons, the best choices of the ARQ scheme in different network parameter scenarios are given.


Today a credible government is very important for a society to function well. However, the government's failure to live up to the principle is a widespread phenomenon and has caused a great deal of harmfulness. Pursuit of its own intrests and the awkward administrative system are responsible for it. There fore, it is urgent to establish a trustworthy and reliable government, and there is a long way to go before we reach the goal.


On the one hand, the collection brings together descriptive studies of practical activities in the domains mentioned above, studies that teach the reader those domains "from within", so that s/he may (re-) discover their constitutive activities in their phenomenal detail – be it in tutorial situations, expert practice or hybrid settings. On the other hand, the collection offers the reader a distinctive reminder of "discovering work" as an ordinary feature of both science instruction and research practice – that is, their directed character, to expose or find something new (at least to the involved student or practitioner) – instead of dismissing that feature on philosophical or sociological grounds (e.g., from a skepticist stance, as integral to many constructivist approaches).


By the present invention increases the temperature of the battery in order to solve the problem of being lack of the amount of charge in the present invention relates to battery charging systems and methods, particularly to a battery used in electric cars and hybrid cars low temperature or a longer charging time provides a battery charging system and method that can shorten the charging time of the battery to be fully charged, a transition of the battery. Battery charging system in accordance with one embodiment of the invention the power supplied to the electric energy required for the motor assist when the vehicle is accelerated, and the high-voltage battery, supplied from the outside to store the electrical energy generated by the deceleration or engine room output motor recovery in the event of battery control for transmitting and receiving receive AC power from the supply, using a slow charger and the CAN communication for supplying electric power for charging the high voltage battery for charging and discharging the information of the high-voltage battery to the power supply via the slow charger including the system.


ABSTRACT Stingless bee honey is a unique product with physicochemical characteristics and distinct antioxidant, antimicrobial, and medicinal properties from Apis mellifera honey. However, it does not fall within most of the limits imposed by current regulations for honey. In this context, this review aimed to demonstrate the diversity of stingless bee honeys, comparing the thresholds with the current regulation and the suggested for product control. Besides, considering that this honey is little explored commercially, this review provides current data on their chemical composition and health-promoting properties, contributing to product dissemination and providing support for future research.


There is a considerable amount of research work covering the evaluation of decision support systems. Many methods have been proposed, but no consent has been made yet on a global model covering the needs of evaluators. Decisional guidance is guidance for judgmental inputs provided to the user while interacting with a decision support system (DSS). By exploring the empirical studies linking DSS effectiveness to the implementation of decisional guidance, we came to propose an evaluation approach for Decision support systems evaluation using decisional guidance. The model uses guidance elements as evaluation criteria to assess decision quality, user satisfaction, user learning and decision-making efficiency.


【Objective】 Leaf area index(LAI) is one of the important parameters for evaluating winter wheat growth status and forecasting its yield.Hyperspectral remote sensing is a new technical approach that can be used to acquire the instant information of winter wheat LAI without harm to the growing crops.By integrating hyperspectral remote sensing and traditional field monitoring,this study aims to explore the best band spectral parameters and monitoring model for winter wheat LAI inversion in south China.【Method】 The study was carried out at Houhu Management District of Qianjiang city,South China's Jianghan Plain.At winter wheat growth stage,the winter wheat canopy spectral reflectance and LAI were monitored in field using the ASD FieldSpec 3 and SunScan canopy analysis system.Then the correlation between the Hyperspectral Vegetation Index(HVI) and LAI was analyzed.Six inversion models were constructed for estimating LAI by using correlation analysis,regression analysis and other methods.【Result】 The results show that winter wheat canopy spectral reflectance in near infrared band of 870nm platform,red waveband of 670 nm,green waveband of 550nm and blue waveband of 450nm are the most sensitive bands to LAI changes.The coefficients of determination(R2) of the constructed HVI/LAI model are between 0.675-0.757.Among them,the NDVI inversion model has the highest R2(0.757).【Conclusion】 Accuracy test shows that NDVI inversion model has the highest accuracy compared to other models.It is concluded that NDVI model is the most suitable model for inverting winter wheat LAI in the study area.Nevertheless,band selection is also important in adopting the new technical approach for monitoring winter wheat LAI in South China's Jianghan Plain.


Thermal Energy Storage (TES) systems are central elements of various types of power plants operated using renewable energy sources. Packed bed TES can be considered as a cost–effective solution in concentrated solar power plants (CSP). Such a device is made up of a tank filled with a granular bed through which heat-transfer fluid circulates. However, in such devices, the thermal stresses may accumulate from cycle to another due to differential thermal dilatation between filler and tank walls, leading to plastic deformations in the tank shell and the failure of the tank might happen. This paper aims at studying the evolution of tank wall stresses over granular bed thermal cycles, taking into account both thermal and mechanical loads, with a numerical model based on the discrete element method (DEM). Simulations were performed to study two different thermal configurations: (i) the tank is heated homogenously along its height or (ii) with a vertical gradient of temperature. Then, the resulting loading stresses applied on the tank are compared as well the response of the internal granular material.Thermal Energy Storage (TES) systems are central elements of various types of power plants operated using renewable energy sources. Packed bed TES can be considered as a cost–effective solution in concentrated solar power plants (CSP). Such a device is made up of a tank filled with a granular bed through which heat-transfer fluid circulates. However, in such devices, the thermal stresses may accumulate from cycle to another due to differential thermal dilatation between filler and tank walls, leading to plastic deformations in the tank shell and the failure of the tank might happen. This paper aims at studying the evolution of tank wall stresses over granular bed thermal cycles, taking into account both thermal and mechanical loads, with a numerical model based on the discrete element method (DEM). Simulations were performed to study two different thermal configurations: (i) the tank is heated homogenously along its height or (ii) with a vertical gradient of temperature. Then, the resulting loading stress...


Skeletal muscle exhibit non-uniform internal architectures and our research goals are to relate these to their internal mechanics during contraction to provide a better understanding of muscle function, verify muscle models and permit more sophisticated interpretation of the functional effects of injury. Our previous studies have developed a novel method to calculate 2D Lagrangian strain field of skeletal muscle from the CPC-MRI [1]. The objective of this study is to apply CPC-MRI to derive Lagrangian strain fields for the normal biceps brachii and to determine its minimum principal strain directions in vivo during contraction. We will then compare them to the muscle fiber directions or pennation angles measured by a parallel ultrasound study. If we assume the muscle force is mainly transmitted along fiber directions, we would expect that the minimum principal strain directions are the same as fiber directions. Comparisons between different regions of the muscle and flexion angles will also be made.Copyright © 2007 by ASME


The need to establish a positive relationship between the source of the knowledge and the user organization to achieve knowledge utilization is an established principle of knowledge transfer. Yet, the process of establishing such a relationship and its impact on knowledge utilization remains relatively unexplored in the field of workplace health and safety. This article describes such a knowledge transfer intervention with three manufacturing workplaces. Using qualitative methods, a knowledge broker documents and evaluates a knowledge transfer intervention and the utilization of a body of research on workplace health and safety. This article explores the issues of intensity, duration, and the interactive nature of positive relationship building and highlights the implications for knowledge transfer on workplace health and safety.


The present invention relates to a composition comprising at least: - one botulinum neurotoxin type A1, and- one botulinum neurotoxin type A the amino acid sequence has at least 5% difference from the amino acid sequence of the neurotoxin botulinum type A1.


Objective To evaluate the information quality of network report of notifiable infectious diseases of Yangjiang city from 2010 to 2012.Methods By using the monitoring data from 2010 to 2012 in disease surveillance information reporting system,network reporting rate,timely reporting rate,timely audit rate,repeat card rate and comprehensive rate were analyzed using SAS respectively.Results In the town,county and city in Yangjiang city,a total of 81 Medical and health institutions were exist and the annual reporting rate was 100.00 % from 2010 to 2012.In the 3 years,64 915 cards of notifiable infectious diseases in Yangjiang city were reported.Of these cards,64 694 was timely reporting card(the rate was 99.66 %),64 902 was timely audit card(the rate was 99.98 %) and 0 was repeat card,respectively.The number of chronic infectious diseases card were 23 745、1802 of these cards were found to be repeat card and repeat card rate of the 3 years was 7.59 %.The comprehensive rate was 99.89 %.Conclusion From 2010 to 2012,the quality of network direct report of infectious disease in Yangjiang city was high,but there are still some problems.To ensure the normal operation of epidemic reporting system for infectious diseases,the local government should provide necessary funding support.As for the chronic infectious disease,repeat report cards should be checked every new year.The quality evaluation of infectious diseases should be combined with scene investigation and comprehensive evaluation.


The output energy and efficiency of a BaYb/sub 2/F/sub 8/:Er solid-state laser has been determined. This laser is competitive with existing lasers. (AIP)


None can underestimate the importance of mathematical modelling for their role in clarifying dynamics of epidemic diseases. They can project the progress of the disease and demonstrate the result of the epidemic to public health in order to take precautions. HIV attracts global attention due to rising death rates and economic burdens and many other consequences that it leaves behind. Up to date, there is no medicine and vaccine of HIV/AIDS but still many researches are conducted in order to see how to mitigate this epidemic and reduce the death rate or increase the life expectancy of those who are infected. A delayed HIV/AIDS treatment and vertical transmission model has been investigated. The model took into account both infected people from the symptomatics group and asymptomatic group to join AIDS group. We considered that a child can be infected from the mother to an embryo, fetus or childbirth. Those who are infected, it will take them some time to get mature and spread the disease. By using mathematical model, reproduction number, positivity, boundedness, and stability analysis were determined. The results showed that the model is much productive if time delay is considered.


Two mutually exclusive characteristics of traditional optomechanical systems based on bulk mirrors or membranes are combined: The ability to strongly scatter light and the one to attain very large mechanical susceptibility. The proposed platform, a two-dimensional atomic array, exhibits rich multimode phenomena and the reported results suggest that the regime of few-photon quantum optomechanics is closer to reach.


PURPOSE: A CdS/CdTe thin film solar cell and a manufacturing method thereof are provided to maintain a low deposition temperature and a high deposition rate by supplying RF power and DC power overlapped on a magnetron. CONSTITUTION: A substrate is prepared(S302). A transparent conductive oxide thin film is deposited on the substrate(S304). A CdS thin film is deposited on the transparent conductive oxide thin film(S308). A CdTe thin film is deposited on the CdS thin film(S310). The CdTe thin film is processed with CdCl2 in a thermal processing chamber(S312). The transparent conductive oxide thin film, the CdS thin film, and the CdTe thin film are deposited by using a magnetron sputtering on one of a plurality of sputtering chambers(S314).


Background: Despite significant advances in therapeutic options for multiple myeloma (MM) patients, there is an ongoing need to identify effective treatment strategies in the relapsed space. The efficacy of daratumumab, pomalidomide and dexamethasone (DPD) in relapsed and/or refractory patients has been demonstrated in clinical trials, but there is limited data at first relapse in a real world setting. Here, we present a retrospective analysis utilizing our institutional data of multiple myeloma patients treated with DPD at first relapse at the Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University.
 Methods: Ninety relapsed and/or refractory myeloma (RRMM) patients were identified who had received only one prior line of therapy and subsequently treated with DPD at first relapse. Dose-adjustments were made based on the treating physician's discretion and patient tolerability. Demographic and outcomes data for the patients were obtained from our IRB approved myeloma database and responses were evaluated per IMWG Uniform Response Criteria.
 Results: The median age of this cohort was 61.9 years (range, 38-85). Other notable patient characteristics include: M/F 44.4%/55.6%; W/AA/Asian 50%/46.7%/3.3%; ISS I/II/III 28.9%/31.1%/20%; Isotype IgG/IgA/FLC 62.2%/17.8%/16.7%; standard risk/high risk 21.1%/52.2%. High risk disease was defined as the presence of t(4;14), t(14;16), del(17p), and/or complex karyotype. A total of 69 patients (76.7%) underwent autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) upfront after attaining at least a partial response with induction therapy. The most common induction regimen was RVD (78.9%). 81.1% of patients received maintenance therapy, with 50.5% receiving single-agent lenalidomide maintenance and 72.2% receiving a lenalidomide-based maintenance regimen (RVD: 8 pts; Rd: 4 pts; IRD: 7 pts, KRD: 1 pt). With a median follow up of 72 months, the median OS from diagnosis was 158.6 months (95% CI 126.7-190.5) for the entire cohort. The median PFS from time of initiation of DPD was 15.6 months (95% CI 9.9-21.2), and the median OS from time of initiation of DPD was 41.3 months. For high risk vs standard risk patients, the mPFS from time of initiation of DPD was 7.2 months (95% CI 3.6-10.7) vs 17.6 months (95% CI 10.9-24.3), respectively. Median PFS2 in patients <2 years and >2 years from transplant was 8.6 months vs NR, respectively.
 Conclusions: These results illustrate the activity of DPD at first relapse in a predominantly len-refractory RRMM cohort of patients with impressive long-term outcomes. This benefit was particularly demonstrated in patients with time to relapse of >2 years post-transplant.
 Figure 1 Figure 1.

 Joseph: GSK: Honoraria; BMS: Research Funding; Takeda: Research Funding; Karyopharm: Honoraria. Boise: AstraZeneca: Honoraria, Research Funding; AbbVie/Genentech: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Hofmeister: BlueBird Bio: Other: Non-CME speaker; Aptitude Health: Other: Non-pharma speaker for education, research, marketing; Verascity: Other: Non-pharma speaker for education, research, marketing; TRM Oncology: Other: Non-pharma speaker for education, research, marketing; DAVA Oncology: Other: Non-pharma speaker for education, research, marketing; Medscape: Other: Non-pharma speaker for education, research, marketing; Amgen: Other: Non-CME speaker; BMS: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Philips Gilmore: Other: CME speaker; Non-pharma speaker for education, research, marketing; BioAscend: Other: CME speaker; Imbrium: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Myeloma360: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Genzyme: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Takeda: Other: Local PI of CST; Oncolytics: Other: National PI for CST; PI or co-PI IST; Oncopeptides: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Karyopharm: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Local PI of CST; Janssen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Local PI of CST; Nektar Therapeutics: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Local PI of CST; BMS/Celgene: Other: National PI for CST; PI or co-PI IST; Local PI of CST; Sanofi: Other: National PI for CST; PI or co-PI IST; Ohio State University: Current Employment, Current holder of individual stocks in a privately-held company, Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: IP rights, Patents & Royalties. Kaufman: Incyte, TG Therapeutics: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Sutro, Takeda: Research Funding; Roche/Genetech, Tecnopharma: Consultancy, Honoraria; Fortis Therapeutics: Research Funding; Heidelberg Pharma: Research Funding; BMS: Consultancy, Research Funding; Amgen: Research Funding; Tecnofarma SAS, AbbVie: Honoraria; Incyte, celgene: Consultancy; Janssen: Honoraria; Novartis: Research Funding; Genentech, AbbVie, Janssen: Consultancy, Research Funding. Lonial: Abbvie: Consultancy, Honoraria; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; TG Therapeutics: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Takeda: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; BMS/Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; GlaxoSmithKline: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Merck: Honoraria; AMGEN: Consultancy, Honoraria. Nooka: GlaxoSmithKline: Consultancy, Other: Travel expenses; Amgen: Consultancy, Research Funding; Oncopeptides: Consultancy; Janssen Oncology: Consultancy, Research Funding; Sanofi: Consultancy; Karyopharm Therapeutics: Consultancy; Takeda: Consultancy, Research Funding; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Consultancy; Adaptive technologies: Consultancy.


Let X be a locally compact, o-compact, noncompact Hausdorff space. Let ßX denote the Stone-Cech compactification of X. Let R(X) denote the Boolean algebra of all regular closed subsets of the topological space X. We show that the map A^(c\sx A)— X is a Boolean algebra homomorphism from R(X) into R(ßX— X). Assuming the continuum hypothesis, we show that if X has no more than 2No zero-sets, then the image of a certain dense subalgebra of R(X) under this homomorphism is isomorphic to the Boolean algebra of all open-and-closed subsets of ßN—N (N denotes the countable discrete space). As a corollary, we show that there is a continuous irreducible mapping from ßN—N onto ßX—X. Some theorems on higher-cardinality analogues of Baire spaces are proved, and these theorems are combined with the previous result to show that if S is a locally compact, <7-compact noncompact metric space without isolated points, then the set of remote points of ßS (i.e. those points of ßS that are not in the /3S-closure of any discrete subspace of 5) can be embedded densely in ßN—N. Introduction. Assuming the continuum hypothesis, Parovicenko [8], and Rudin [10] have shown that if U is a Boolean algebra of cardinality 2K° such that maximal chains in U—{0, 1} are T^-sets, then U is isomorphic to B(ßN—N), the Boolean algebra of all open-and-closed subsets oí ßN—N. Let o-G(X) denote the smallest a-complete subalgebra of R(X) containing the family {clx (intx Z) : Z is a zero-set of X}. Using the result of Parovicenko and Rudin, we show in §2 that if the locally compact, <x-compact, noncompact space X has no more than 2K<> zero-sets, then the image of oG(X) under the above-defined homomorphism is isomorphic to B(ßN— N). Let y be a compact Hausdorff space. Let S(B) denote the Stone space of the Boolean algebra B. In [5], Gleason has shown that there exists an irreducible mapping from S(R(Y)) onto Y. Let s/ be a subalgebra of R(Y) that is also a base for the closed subsets of Y. Using Gleason's methods, we show that there exists an irreducible map / from S(stf) onto Y. We further show that there exists an embedding g of the (possibly empty) set H(sf) = f\AeJ!/ [Y— bdy A] into S(s/) such that/o g is the natural inclusion of H(sá) in Y. Special cases in which H(sá) is dense in Y are considered. Received by the editors November 5, 1969. AMS 1969 subject classifications. Primary 5453; Secondary 0660.


Periodontal disease (PD) in diabetic patients is described as the 6th complication of diabetes. We have previously shown that diabetes increases dental caries, and carious inflammation might have a strong effect on the adjacent periodontal tissue in diabetic rodent models. However, the possibility that hyperglycemia may induce PD in diabetic animals could not be completely eliminated. The goal of this study was to confirm the presence of PD in diabetic animal models by preventing carious inflammation with fluoride administration. F344 rats injected with alloxan (type-1 diabetic model) and db/db mice (type-2 diabetic model) were given either tap water alone or tap water containing fluoride. A cariostatic effect of fluoride was evident in the diabetic animals. Meanwhile, fluoride treatment drastically attenuated periodontal inflammation in addition to preventing dental caries. Furthermore, with fluoride treatment, periodontitis was notably nonexistent in the periodontal tissue surrounding the normal molars, whereas the caries-forming process was clearly observed in the teeth that were enveloped with persistent periodontitis, suggesting that enhanced periodontal inflammation might have been derived from the dental caries in the diabetic rodents rather than from the PD. In conclusion, long-term hyperglycemia naturally induces dental caries but not PD in type-1 and type-2 diabetic rodents.


Research the origin, the motion way and the characteristics of specialized terms and meanings. The different principle for inclusion of specialized terms and meanings in two kind dictionary.


This study utilizes forest stand structures and fuel profiles to evaluate the influence of different types of silvicultural treatments on fire severity in the Blacks Mountain Experimental Forest (BMEF), located within Lassen National Forest of northeastern California. We compare the severity of fire, assessed based on tree crown and bole scorch on 100 ha experimental treatment plots, following a wildfire started on adjacent national forest lands. Non-parametric statistical testing showed that selective thinning combined with prescribed surface fuel burning is the most effective method for preventing crown fire and minimizing fire severity in an interior Pinus ponderosa forest. These results also suggest that various combinations of the silvicultural treatments assessed can be effective at reducing the potential for severe fire spreading into wildland-urban interface (WUI) areas (supporting defensible space CA law PRC 4291), while suggesting approaches for U.S. Forest Service lands that can result in more resilient ecosystems in similar western U.S. forests treated with similar silvicultural methods.


Introduced a method to analyze and manage the information of freight train comprehensively and to apply them to the transport management of train. This information is summing up from THE REMOTE DATA MANAGING SYSTEM FOR FREIGHT TRAIN OVERLOAD AND UNBALANCED LOAD, ATIS system (Automatic Train Identification System) and SYIS system (Standardized Yard Information System). This method solved the problems when only the MARK n equipment was used in transport management of train.


The clinical progress of a patient with Cushing's disease has been studied in detail for two years. Standard ests of pituitary-adrenal function revealed bilateral hyperplasia secondary to excessive ACTH. Reserpine therapy alone, administered for a month, resulted in marked clinical and biochemical improvement. Subsequent treatment consisted of pituitary irradiation in combination with reserpine therapy. Upon completion of irradiation, both plasma cortisol and base line urinary 17-OHCS decreased to normal levels. The patient has been treated for another 22 months with reserpine. Fourteen months after initiation of therapy, the patient was judged to be in complete remission as indicated by return of the diurnal rhythm of cortisol secretion to the normal pattern. On the basis of this study and earlier observations, we suggest that reserpine might be helpful in the therapy of Cushing's disease, especially in those patients who have no demonstrable pituitary adenoma.


Based on the principle of momentum theorem and water balance the basic equation for describing the runoff generated on a slope under the condition of natural rainfall with different rainfall intensities,rainfall momentum and influence of ecological measures taken into account is deduced.The equation can be numerically solved by applying the Preissmann format.The feasibility and precision of the model is verified by field experimental data.Results show that the mean relative errors of the prediction under 3 treatments are 14.97%,13.59% and 15.15%.The model is quite high in accuracy and stability,and serves as useful tool in further research on prediction of runoff of nature rainfall on slopes under different ecological measures.


It includes a reading unit that reads image data and / or sound data recorded in the first recording medium, and a writing unit for recording the image data and / or sound data loaded in the second recording medium in the data recording apparatus, an identification information discrimination section said second identification information in a recording medium it is determined whether or not recorded, if the identification information by the identification information determination section is judged as being recorded only, the writing unit is to provide a data recording apparatus and recording of the image data and / or sound data loaded in the second recording medium.


Cellulose is the main component of plant cell walls. Its structure is constituted by polymerization of glucose molecules linked by β-1,4 bonds forming a highly recalcitrant polysaccharide, resistant to acidic, alkaline and enzymatic hydrolysis. Ionic liquids (IL) like 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (EMIM-Ac) are capable to dissolve lignocellulose biomass, and are known as "green solvents" for their ability to be recovered and recycled. IL have many practical advantages over other solvents such as low volatility, high temperature stability and the ability to be tailored to meet specific physicochemical goals. In this work we investigated how EMIM-Ac disrupts the structure and dissolve cellulose fibers through molecular dynamics (MD). Aiming to understand this mechanism and guide the design of new IL combinations, optimized to deconstruct the crystalline fibers and recover amorphous cellulose. EMIM-Ac parameters were generated from the CHARMM General Force Field, and the partial atomic charges were assigned from the HF631G* optimized geometry, by Restrained ElectroStatic Potential (RESP). Systems were built with Packmol using a DP20 cellulose in water or EMIM-Ac. Each system had its energy minimized with the conjugated gradients with 10K steps. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed for 50ns, in the NPT ensemble at 323 K, 1 atm and PME electrostatics. The systems where compared with each other in terms of RMSD and the fiber torsional angle. It was found that the fiber in EMIM-Ac had a significantly higher RMSD than the one in water, meaning that the glucose residues in EMIM-Ac are more free to move in IL than in water. The torsional angle however was significantly higher on cellulose in water than in EMIM-Ac, meaning that it is more flexible on water. With these results we suggest that flexibility is important on cellulose structure and as IL restrain that flexibility the more rigid structure is more prone to break.


The analysis of an exponentially autocatalyzed reaction-diffusion system near the Hopf bifurcation point has been carried out using a reductive perturbation approach to obtain a description in terms of the Ginzburg-Landau equation. The conditions for the occurrence of instability, in the presence and absence of diffusion, leading to Hopf bifurcation are also derived. The nature of the governing equations leads to multi-valued instability conditions and eventually results in more than one region in parameter space where instability of uniform oscillations due to diffusion is possible.


Culm rhomboid rot is a new disease of Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) and mainly occurs on Moso bamboo grown at an altitude above 800 m. The typical symptoms start with black spots and irregular shapes, which expand vertically into an elongated, fusiform, or rhomboid shape up to 15 cm in length. Eleven fungal isolates were isolated from infected tissue, and the isolate BBB1 was confirmed as the pathogen following Koch's postulates in vitro and in vivo. Regarding morphology, BBB1 was identified as Arthrinium sp.–conidia single-celled, brown to dark, smooth, globose to subglobose, with an equatorial slit, 5.0–9.3 × 3.1–7.3 μm in size. The conidiophores were reduced to conidiogenous cells, pale brown to dark, smooth, and ampulliform. Phylogenetic analysis based on ITS-TEF1-α-TUB2 concatenate sequences identified BBB1 as A. arundinis. Furthermore, the sensitivity of the pathogen against six common fungicides was investigated with mycelial growth assays. Prochloraz exhibited the most potent inhibition with an EC50 value of 0.019 mg/L; another effective fungicide was difenoconazole, with an EC50 value of 0.195 mg/L. This is the first report of A. arundinis causing culm rhomboid rot of Moso bamboo in China; the results provide a basis for managing Moso bamboo culm rhomboid rot.


Human action understanding is crucial to the success of many human-machine interfaces based on vision. In this research, we apply artificial intelligence and statistical techniques towards observation of people, leading to modeling of their actions, and understanding of their intentions. In order to actualize the paradigm of learning from demonstration, a tracking system that is capable of locating the head and hand positions of moving humans has been developed. We propose to classify the motion trajectories of humans in the scene by using support vector classification. Since the data size of human motion trajectories is large, we apply principal component analysis (PCA) and independent component analysis (ICA) for data reduction. We have successfully applied the developed technique on two different applications: action recognition of table tennis players, and detection of human fighting motions.


the The cover illustration for the paperback edition of Oedipus in the Trobriands shows an engraving of a woman with a net bag hanging from her forehead and a young male child perched on her shoulders. The original engraving of three women walking along a path is from L. M. D'Albertis's New Guinea; What I Didand What I Saw (1880), an account of explorations along the Fly River. Although the Fly River is far from the Trobriand Islands, the editors appar-ently selected this particular woman because she is illustrative of Professor Spiro's central theme-the close, incestuous bond between a Trobriand woman and her son. But the ethnographic discrepancy is not inconsequential; Trobriand women, unlike the women depicted from the Fly River, carry neither children nor net bags in this manner, to mention only the most obvious cultural differences. The pictorial error presages the controversial ethnographic and methodological issues that follow in the six chapters comprising Spiro's revisionist account of the Trobriand Oedipus complex. Malinowski's Trobriand Freud's a universal Oedipus complex. In Freudian theory, the triangular relationship between a boy, and the Oedipal constellation. the four, a early attentive of hostile of the Oedipus few castration anxiety of during puberty, fully repressed pathological


Theoretical results have had much greater impact on computing practice than we are normally aware of, and the practical significance of theoretical results can be expected to become more prominent in the future. We discuss the past and present significance for data processing specialists of some results in analysis of algorithms, languages, and program proofs, and argue for a greater emphasis on computer science theory in data processing curricula.


The architecture of a treatment information system,and expatiate how to select a seemly architecture was expatiated when de-signing architecture of a software system,and then were analyzed the designing-project of the system was proposed.At last,how to reduce costs and of how to improve performance when designing B/S-based systems.


The paper analyzes existing views in the science regarding the factors that influenced the emergence and development of John Philoponus' (6th century) project of a radical critique of Aristotelian and Proclean physics and cosmology. It examines the role of Christianity among these factors, as well as continuity and novelty in Philoponus' understanding of philosophy compared to Pagan philosophers of his time.


Type 2 diabetes is associated with increased COVID‐19 severity. Little is understood about the needs, concerns and self‐management experiences of people with type 2 diabetes during the COVID‐19 pandemic.


knowledge, and advancements in the practice of medicine. While urban areas, such as Dublin, Belfast and Cork, continued to suffer from higher rates of disease and mortality, by 1911 the rate of illness in Ireland had nearly halved. Much of this was due to state and voluntary efforts to combat diseases such as tuberculosis (National Association for the Prevention of Tuberculosis), and maternal and infant mortality (Women's National Health Association). However, as Clear notes, there was also a darker side to efforts to improve public health: for example, the Contagious Diseases Act (1864) and the Dangerous Lunatics Act (1838) led to the expansion of a range of institutions from workhouses and industrial schools to lunatic and Magdalen asylums that were used with great effect against those on the margins of society. Given the breadth and scope of this book, it is not surprising that this study came about as an attempt to redress the lack of sources available to undergraduates. As such, it demonstrates the importance of linking academic research to teaching. Clear's direct and inquisitive style demonstrates her grasp of the issues while, at the same time, engaging the reader to consider questions for future research. Overall, this is a well-written and captivating study that makes a valuable contribution to our understanding of the vast changes that impacted upon everyday life in Ireland from the Famine to independence.