A new stripline-type beam position monitor (BPM) sys- tem is under development at the KEK electron/positron in- jector linac in order to measure transverse beam positions with a high precision less than 10 m towards the Super KEKB-factory (SKEKB) (1) at KEK. The new stripline- type BPMs with a large aperture compared with previously designed BPMs have been designed for the installation in the positron capture section. In this report, the basic design for the fabrication of the prototype BPM, the theoretical analysis, and the experimental investigation on the signal transmission characteristics and its performance are in de- tail described on the base of a coupled-mode analysis in uniform transmission lines. rieties in spatial configuration and mechanical structure of the stripline electrodes which are mounted on the inner sur- face of the BPM. The stripline electrode with a finite angu- lar width viewed from the beam may be mounted with a certain gap between the electrode and the inner surface of the pipe. In such a mechanical configuration, not electro- static coupling but electromagnetic coupling may dynam- ically arise between the electrodes and also between the electrodes and the beam, and thus, the signal intensities may change to some extent from the wall-current model. From another point of view on a signal-gain calibration in a stripline-type BPM, it is important to analyze the elec- tromagnetic coupling strengths between the stripline elec- trodes. An excellent calibration procedure has been im- plemented to stripline-type BPMs by Medvedko et al. of SLAC (4). In this calibration procedure, an on-board cali- brator embedded in the detection electronics sends its cal- ibration signal to one of the electrodes. When the calibra- tion signal is fed into the electrode, similar bipolar signals are induced on the other electrodes due to electromagnetic coupling. The induced signal goes back to the correspond- ing channel in the detection electronics in which the signal intensity is precisely measured. Thus, in such a calibra- tion procedure, not only the signal gains in the detection electronics but also the transmission losses in entire trans- mission lines including the stripline electrodes themselves can be calibrated with high precision. Thus, this new cal- ibration procedure make use of electromagnetic coupling between the stripline electrodes of the BPM. Although electromagnetic coupling between the stripline electrodes is an important physical phenomena in the stripline-type BPM, only a few analyses have been per- formed to investigatethe signal transmission characteristics taking into account electromagnetic coupling between the electrodes. A new analysis on the signal transmission char- acteristics with electromagnetic coupling between the elec- trodes are presented in this article. The new analysis ex- ploits a similar method developed in microstripline circuits with electromagnetic coupling. Based on the new analysis, the signal transmission characteristics in the stripline-type BPM is systematically investigated in frequency domain along with experimental verification.


Various kinds of interference between communicating parallel processes have been examined by Dijkstra, Knuth, and others. Solutions have been given for the mutual exclusion problem and associated subproblems, in the form of parallel programs, and informal proofs of correctness have been given for these solutions. In this paper a system of parallel processes is regarded as a machine which proceeds from one state S (i.e. a collection of pertinent data values and process configurations) to a next state S′ in accordance with a transition rule S ⇒ S′. A set of such rules yields sequences of states, which dictate the system's behavior. The mutual exclusion problem and the associated subproblems are formulated as questions of inclusion between sets of states, or of the existence of certain sequences. A mechanical proof procedure is shown, which will either verify (prove the correctness of) or discredit (prove the incorrectness of) an attempted solution, with respect to any of the interference properties. It is shown how to calculate transition rules from the "partial rules" by which the individual processes operate. The formation of partial rules and the calculation of transition rules are both applicable to hardware processes as well as to software processes, and symmetry between processes is not required.


Background: Nintedanib and pirfenidone were recently authorized for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) in the US and EU. Nintedanib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting also PDGFRα/β, FGFR1-3 and VEGFR1-3. In contrast, the molecular target of pirfenidone is currently unknown. Lung fibroblast proliferation is accepted as a fundamental mechanism in the pathogenesis of IPF. Aim: To determine the effect of nintedanib and pirfenidone on the proliferation of PDGF- or serum-stimulated human lung fibroblasts. Methods: Lung fibroblasts from patients with IPF (IPF-HLF) were incubated with nintedanib (0.32 nM - 1 µM) or pirfenidone (1 µM - 1.6 mM) for 30 min. Subsequently, the cells were stimulated with PDGF (50 ng/mL) or fetal bovine serum (FBS) 1% and cell proliferation was assessed by BrdU assay after 92 h. Results: Nintedanib reduced the increase in IPF-HLF proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner. At a concentration of 70 nM, which may be achieved after standard dosing of nintedanib (150 mg bid) in patients, proliferation of IPF-HLF was inhibited by 65% and 22% for PDGF and FCS, respectively. Pirfenidone showed only very weak inhibitory activity. At concentrations of 80-100 µM, which may be achieved in patients after standard dosing (801 mg tid), no inhibitory activity was observed on PDGF- or FCS-stimulated proliferation. Conclusion: Our data demonstrate that nintedanib but not pirfenidone inhibits the proliferative fibrotic effect at concentrations relevant for clinical use. This may contribute to the clinically documented anti-fibrotic activity of nintedanib in patients with IPF resulting in a slowing of disease progression.


Mechanical processing time scale is a sensitive concept,both for business management,and operations staff or customers are very concerned about the business,the paper estimates fixed working hours of different methods of analysis which shows that given the way the various estimates Characteristics and advantages and disadvantages of the different proposed measure under way to choose a variety of conclusions.


ABSTRACT Since its emergence in 2008, there has been a growing interest in the meaning of Airbnb to various stakeholders. Using Critical Discourse Analysis, this paper examines the representation of Airbnb in the local newspapers of Sydney communities with the largest share of Airbnb listings. Analysis of these texts revealed a strong message concerning the costs to community and issues related to government regulation. Underlying the themes was a discourse of individual host rights to profit versus community wellbeing. The discourse of the industry as a sharing, welcoming form of hospitality was also evident, as was the persuasive language of technology to create an innovative platform and industry. We question the language used and the inherent meaning, arguing that Airbnb can be seen in many ways to fit the bill of 'platform capitalism' and 'techno-chauvinism', with the fallout being externalities for the communities in which Airbnb resides.


Objective To investigate the causes of postmenopausal vaginal bleeding,the relationship of the patients' bleeding volume,bleeding time,symptoms and optimum and malignancy. Methods 56 patients with postmenopausal vaginal bleeding were given the women investigation,routine vaginal examination,TCT examination,B-ultrasound examination,cervical biopsy and pathological examination of segment curettage and so on. Results There were 8 cases of senile vaginitis,6 cases of cervical polyps,5 cases of cervical submucosal fibroids,6 cases of cervical erosion,3 cases of uterine submucous fibroids,5 cases of endometrial cancer,4 cases of cervical cancer. Conclusion Genital inflammation is the main reason for vaginal bleeding after menopause,the vaginal bleeding in elderly women shall be early detected,early diagnosed and early treated.


Capital market is the one of the vital supporting elements of any country's economy. The recent years has witnessed several reforms in the Capital market. The trading platform has become electronic, automatic, nation- wide and screen based. Gestures and shouting have yielded place to punching and clicking. On any trading day, more than 10,000 terminals come alive, in 400 towns and cities which means that information is flashed on real time basis. Equal opportunity is provided for all those who are wishing to invest in the capital market. Almost 100 % of the trades are in D- mat form. Thus, investing in capital market is not an intricate one. But it is noticeable that the retail equity investors are facing the problem of losses from investments in capital market. The main reason for the problem faced by retail equity investors is about the investment decisions made by them in various investments in capital market. So it is necessary to study about the investment decisions of investors as their losses in investing in capital market will cause harm to the economy of the country. This paper examines about the investment decision rationality of retail equity investors and about various factors influencing their investment decisions.


In this paper we explore the question of how an employee's family role identification, as driven by family structure (marital and parental status combined), affects their leadership behaviors at work. Using survey data from working professionals and executives pursuing a Master of Business Administration degree (MBA), we found that, as expected, those respondents who were both married and had children reported higher levels of family role identification relative to other respondents. The effect of family structure on family role identification was moderated by sex such that the positive effect of being married with children was stronger for women than for men. Further, we found evidence of an indirect effect of family structure on leadership behaviors such that being married with children was indirectly associated with higher supervisor ratings of the respondents' leadership behaviors via family role identification and the transfer of resources from the family role to the work role. Contrary to traditional expectations, and consistent with enrichment theorizing, our findings suggest that investment in the family role can enhance employees' display of valuable leadership behaviors in the workplace.

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Andrew McClean speaks to Royston Bayfield about the independent group's national acquisition programme and instilling its culture in new practices


Naphthalene-2,3-dicarbaldehyde (NDA), a reagent used for the fluorescent detection of amino acids in the presence of cyanide, self-condenses in the presence of cyanide ion and methanol at room temperature to yield a unique crystalline product 2, 15-hydroxybenzo[g]benzo[6,7]isochromeno[4,3-c]isochromen-7(15H)-one. The product is proposed to result from facile air oxidation of NDA to a methyl ester in combination with benzoin condensation. Product 2 does not to form in the absence of air. The gHMBC spectrum of 2 distinguishes it from a possible alternative isomeric condensation product.


There is a disagreement amongst scholars about how much income differences play in generating residential segregation. While most social scientists point to individual prejudices and institutional racism, others counter that segregation is a byproduct of systematic economic differences. For example, some minority groups are poorer and are thus disproportionately concentrated in low-income neighborhood. This paper examines 1) the demographic and socioeconomic transformation of Los Angeles from 1960 and onward 2) the role of race and ethnicity in the spatial geographic housing patterns, with a specific focus on levels of segregation, and 3) whether racial segregation could be explained by systematic differences in income across racial/ethnic groups. The findings indicate that although black-white segregation has been decreasing steadily, segregation remains high while increasing amongst Hispanics. From comparing these observed dissimilarity indices and census tract majority groups with simulated numbers based on income, this study also finds that income differences alone do not explain residential segregation and that many other factors (including race) come into play.


We give examples of piecewise linear random interval maps satisfying arcsine and Darling–Kac laws, which are analogous to Thaler's arcsine and Aaronson's Darling–Kac laws for the Boole transformation. They are constructed by random switch of two piecewise linear maps with attracting or repelling fixed points, which behave as if they were indifferent fixed points of a deterministic map.


In a cell with single-crystal SrTiO/sub 3/ electrode, the quantum yield of the radioelectrochemical current is 1 to 10 during irradiation with 4-MeV pulses of accelerated electrons. The energy conversion efficiency of radiation into chemical energy is 10/sup -4/% for water decomposition. At porous ceramic TiO/sub 2/ electrodes, the efficiency of radioelectrochemical water decomposition is two orders of magnitude higher than at smooth electrodes.


A novel miniaturized camera module with 1.3 megapixels for electronic endoscope is developed and presented.This module realizes long-distance and high-fidelity transmission of image data adopting Low-Voltage Differential Signaling technology.It includes a 1/5.5 inch CMOS image sensor with a resolution of 1 280×1 024 pixel2,a small integrated lens with field of view of 140° and two electric circuit boards.The lens fixed with inner screw thread is cemented directly onto the non-optical part of the image sensor's surface.Two printed circuit boards are assembled vertically,which reduces the size of the module down to 5.5 mm in width,5.2 mm in height and 15.0 mm in length.The 10-bit parallel digital signals are encoded into low-voltage differential signals before they are output through a twisted pair.A demonstration system is developed to evaluate the performance of the camera module.Experimental results show that the module's resolution reaches to 136 lp·mm-1,and the image transmission length is over 2 meters.The compact size,high resolution image,wide field of view and long-distance transmission enable the camera module to be used in video endoscopy,especially for HDTV gastroscopes and colonoscopes.


Provided are a method for automatic equalization of water quantity load of upward flow filter tanks and the structure, which resolve the problems that changes of the water quantity load of upward flow filter tanks are hard to control or the control costs is too high. The invention is characterized in that a regulating valve is arranged on a water inlet pipe which is arranged at lower portion of a tank body, the inside of the upper portion of the tank body is provided with an effluent weir, water pipes are arranged inside the effluent weir, and a water level supervisory instrument which communicates the upper and the lower of the effluent weir and perpendicularly penetrates the effluent weir is arranged inside the effluent weir. When the water quantity of the filter tank is normally load and maximum load, the variation range of water outlet level is enabled to be within the controllable range of the water level supervisory instrument, an autonomous system and the water inlet regulating valve via the pipe diameter design of water outlet pipes, the water level inside the effluent weir in the time of maximum load of the water quantity is regulated to be the maximum level which can not be exceeded, and the autonomous system controls the opening degree of the water inlet regulation valve according to the measured result of the water level supervisory instrument for realizing the automatic equalization of the water load of each filter tank. The process is easy and simple in operation and small in investment and can be widely applied to new construction and adaptation of the upward flow filter tanks, besides, the accommodation area of the filter tanks can not be increased.


Summary:According to the monitoring data of nutrition salt in the coastal waters of NanTong in May and Aug.2007,the analyses on the change trend and evaluation of eutrophication degree in the waters were made with the potential eutrophication grade standards and corresponding evaluation model.The results showed that the contents of inorganic nitrogen were a gradual downward trend,the concentration of phosphate was lower in May than Aug.N/P ratio and potential eutrophication evaluation were low in four sections in May. The limit potential nutrition was in two months in eight sections.The limited nitrogen with potential nutrition was in two months.The completely nutritious situation was in one month.


record (The New York Medical Journal, March 2, 1920) five cases of pre-adolescent hypopituitarism, in three of whom no prostate could be felt by rectal examination, and in two of whom only a very tiny diminutive organ could be recognized. Since that publication several more cases have been discovered so that to date there may be reported fifteen cases of hypopituitarism (eight of the Lorain type, five of the Froelich syndrome and two of the Neurath-Cushing type) and three cases of primary gonad deficiency. Of the eighteen cases no prostate could be felt in thirteen cases and only a tiny diminutive organ in the remaining five. The prostate is large enough normally in childhood to be easily felt and pediatricians especially are urged to make rectal examination in boys who show other stigmata of infantilism. Not much is to be gained at this time by elaborating theories concerning absent or diminutive prostate in hypopituitarism. It is established that atrophy occurs after castration; we also know that testicular aplasia occurs in hypopituitarism. [Whether the prostatic aplasia or atrophy in hypopituitarism is due directly to the lack of pituitary secretion or whether it follows upon testicular insufficiency is difficult to decide. As it happens, all the cases that show absent or diminutive prostates likewise show tiny and insufficient testes. The above data summarizes briefly a paper to be published shortly which will discuss the question more fully and which will include detailed histories of the eighteen cases together with their photographs.


In this paper, we propose a novel end-to-end neural-network-based audio-visual speaker diarization method. Unlike most existing audio-visual methods, our audio-visual model takes audio features (e.g., FBANKs), multi-speaker lip regions of in-terest (ROIs), and multi-speaker i-vector embbedings as multi-modal inputs. And a set of binary classification output layers produces activities of each speaker. With the finely designed end-to-end structure, the proposed method can explicitly handle the overlapping speech and distinguish between speech and non-speech accurately with multi-modal information. I-vectors are the key point to solve the alignment problem caused by visual modality error (e.g., occlusions, off-screen speakers or unreliable detection). Besides, our audio-visual model is robust to the absence of visual modality, where the diarization performance degrades significantly using the visual-only model. Evaluated on the datasets of the first multi-model information based speech processing (MISP) challenge, the proposed method achieved diarization error rates (DERs) of 10.1%/9.5% on development/eval set with reference voice activity detection (VAD) information, while audio-only and video-only system yielded DERs of 27.9%/29.0% and 14.6%/13.1% respectively.


PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to provide basic data for a training program that could improve athletic performance by comparing the new combined event results through the GPS analysis with 9 high level (n=9) and low level (n=7) divided by performance level in male modern pentathlon athletes. METHODS: Subjects were wearing the ultra portable GPS receiving device in the back and chest. RESULTS: The result of this study was showed that the overall new combined event performance, total running, total shooting and transition time had statistically significant differences, and that the high level athletes were more rapid than the low level athletes. Each phases running time and running velocity showed that it was the fastest in the 1 phase and was the slowest in the 3 phase. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the records of the high level athletes those had relatively short shooting time was more decreased than that of the high level athletes in the overall combined event performance recode. Therefore, the training program which combine highly trained shooting technology and strong concentration training should be made for low level athletes.


Basic writing students and online learning are not necessarily an ideal match. In hopes of stimulating more conversation and research on how technology can best advance the basic writing curriculum, this article first classifies the problems students and faculty encounter when a basic writing class moves online and discusses the pedagogical questions these problems raise. It then presents ten categories of arguments for making the move despite the problems involved. The article concludes with a description of how and why a hybrid model, one in which students meet with their instructor in a classroom on campus every other week and work online during the off weeks, provides one means of minimizing potential problems while maximizing learning opportunities for basic writers. Linda Stine is a professor in the Master of Human Services Program at Lincoln University (PA), where she has taught computer-mediated writing courses for adult students since 1986. For the past two years, she has been using Web-CT to teach a semi-online basic writing class. She has presented papers on technology and writing instruction at CCCC and NCTE, and has published several articles on this topic. Her most recent publication is Classroom Re- sources for Instructors Using Foundations First, published by Bedford/St. Martin's. Computers and Basic Writers: The Issue


Because of the relatively low frequencies at which they operate, navy active sonars are often plagued by false‐alarm returns resulting from geological structures. In the lexicon of sonar operators these false returns are referred to as geoclutter or simply clutter. Despite mounting evidence that human operators can aurally discriminate target returns from clutter, attempts to develop robust automatic classification algorithms have, as yet, met with limited success. This paper investigates the possibility of improving the performance of automatic classifiers by exploiting the signal processing employed in the human auditory system. This amounts to replacing the statistical signal features used by conventional automatic classifiers with perceptual signal features that reflect the way a human listener would perceive a given return. Drawing an analogy between active sonar returns and percussive musical timbre, this paper considers perceptual signal features—like loudness centroid, sub‐band attack/decay, and s...


This analysis attempts to unravel competing explanations of collaborative leadership styles of state legislative committee chairs. Specifically, the paper considers the influence of community or volunteer experience, gender, and institutional variables. The data show that women chairs are more likely than their male peers to cite as valuable the leadership skills and experiences that they gain through community and volunteer experience. Compared to their male colleagues, women committee chairs on average also report a greater reliance on collaborative strategies in the management of their committees. Prior community or volunteer experience has little or no direct effect on collaborative styles. In contrast, institutional factors have a much stronger and countervailing influence. Legislative professionalization produces a strong negative effect on collaborative style. Results suggest that conformity to institutional norms may be a more compelling influence than prior community experience. The analysis also points to the gendered nature of organizational leadership with men's and women's styles showing different associations to style depending on the number and power of women in a legislature.


Quality is an important aspect of any manufacturing process. The stability of process is definitely one of the most important aspects to insure the quality of the machined part stably. Now it is still a challenge to put forward a useful model to deal with manufacturing process stability mathematically. This paper deals with the issue by the notion of manufacturing process reliability and its sensitivity. Based on state space model, process performance function which is used to describe the relations between key product characters (KPC) and key control characters (KCC) during machining process has been conducted. Furthermore, measurement index to process reliability is put forward, which leads the ways to calculate the process reliability mathematically. To determine the weakness during machining process, process reliability sensitivity has been put forward and the corresponding ways how to get its magnitude. Finally, A simple 2-D case study has been used to support and validate the proposed model. It shows that this way can calculate the process reliability effectively


In the cetological chapter 89 of Moby-Dick, Ishmael launches into a jocular disquisition about maritime laws aimed at settling litigations between ships claiming possession of the same whale. Dubbed "Fast-Fish and Loose-Fish", the law under scrutiny is ostensibly extolled as the peaceful means to solve all whaling disputes. Yet, what emerges from the cases cited is that the law invariably grants the entire ownership of a contested prey to the party who last got hold of it. The judicial construct of property, Ishmael cannot but admit, amounts to legitimizing the right of the strongest: the idea that "possession is the whole of the law" ultimately extends to all human jurisprudence, justifying worldwide systems of exploitation. Such seems to be Ishmael's orthodox indictment of the law as a mere instrument of power. However, the question of legal property ties in with the motif of self-ownership, crucial in the novel, notably via Ahab's memorable claims to self-sovereignty but also via the more subdued issue of slavery. This article interrogates the implicit alignment of the law of property with the ontological issue of self-ownership, which wryly tends to exculpate human legal construct on the ground that it would merely emanate from a metaphysical law of generalized predation and appropriation—which also applies to literature, and most notoriously to Melville's Moby-Dick, as a summa of plagiarized archives.


Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) connectivity has gained traction in the automated vehicle space for its potential to improve congestion mitigation, fuel economy, and vehicle safety. V2V connectivity refers to when automated vehicles exchange data with other nearby vehicles to inform their driving. In this way, the vehicles are now 'connected'. However, the current lack of a control framework with provable safety guarantees for V2V connected vehicles prevents this form of automation from being applicable outside of the academic setting. The objective of this project was to develop a V2V safety-critical controller via control barrier function (CBF) framework and apply this framework to models of increasing fidelity, from the 1 state to 4 state model case. Due to the complexity of real car dynamics, this paper approximates the vehicle with integrator, unicycle, and bicycle models and characterizes general controller behaviors for these models. Simulations of the CBF framework applied to these three models were conducted in MatLab and characteristic vehicle behaviors were analyzed for varying parameter values and initial conditions. Particular behaviors of interest were examined to find 1. initial (velocity) conditions that do not satisfy the safety condition 2. vehicle switching position between nominal and safety-critical control as a function of parameters, and 3. vehicle freezing as a function of parameters. These behaviors are useful in characterizing when the CBF framework controller is effective in delivering desirable safety-critical driving, giving a better understanding of how to engineer safety guarantees for V2V vehicles.


One hundred and five varieties/entries were screened for their field reaction against Leptispa pygmaea. None of the varieties was found to be completely resistant. Moderate resistance was observed in nine traditional Pattambi varieties viz., Ptb.3 (Eravanpandy), Ptb.4 (Vellari), Ptb.7 (Parambuvattan), Ptb.9 (Thavalakannan), Ptb.18 (Eravapandy), Ptb.19 (Athikkiraya), Ptb.20 (Vadakkan Chitteni), Ptb.25 (Thonnooran), Ptb.26 (Chenkayamma) and a short duration high yielding variety of Mannuthy (Hraswa) with a damage score of '3. The varieties MO 12, IET 17895 (UTR 57), Ptb.39 (Jyothi), Ptb.41 (Bharathy) and Varna were found to be highly susceptible to the pest with a damage score of '9'.


The article reviews the Phyllida Barlow and Nairy Baghramian exhibition titled "Klassentreffen (Class Reunion)" at the Serpentine Gallery in London, England.


For realizing the contemporary state of Bashkir prose, working out the principles of the approach to the system-typological analysis the article concentrates on the poetics of Aminev's story, whose works not only played a definite role in the contemporary prose's development, but became representative for philosophic and aesthetic outlook of the present. Meanwhile, many aspects of his prose were out of literary focuses. The story "Three times seven" recreates the epoch's cultural atmosphere, reflects the author's subjective view on Bashkortostan's literature on the threshold of a new millennium, gives an idea of the historical and literary process' evolution. On the whole Aminev's creative work reveals the time's contradictions. The consideration of the art world's peculiarities of the Bashkir contemporary prose's outstanding representative may lead to the determination of the national literature's essential traits.


The development of criteria and methodology for the design and analysis of Space Station wall elements for collisions with meteoroids and space debris at hypervelocities is discussed. These collisions will occur at velocities of 10 km/s or more and can be damaging to the external wall elements of the Space Station. The wall elements need to be designed to protect the pressurized modules of the Space Station from functional or structural failure due to these collisions at hypervelocities for a given environment and population of meteoroids and space debris. The design and analysis approach and the associated computer program presented is to achieve this objective, including the optimization of the design for a required overall probability of no penetration. The approach is based on the presently available experimental and actual data on meteoroids and space debris flux and damage assessments and the empirical relationships resulting from the hypervelocity impact studies in laboratories.


The formal representation of the quasi-periodic Helmholtz Green's function obtained by the method of images is only conditionally convergent and, thus, requires an appropriate summation convention for its evaluation. Instead of using this formal sum, we derive a candidate Green's function as a sum of two rapidly convergent series, one to be applied in the spatial domain and the other in the Fourier domain (as in Ewald's method). We prove that this representation of Green's function satisfies the Helmholtz equation with the quasi-periodic condition and, furthermore, leads to a fast algorithm for its application as an operator. We approximate the spatial series by a short sum of separable functions given by Gaussians in each variable. For the series in the Fourier domain, we exploit the exponential decay of its terms to truncate it. We use fast and accurate algorithms for convolving functions with this approximation of the quasi-periodic Green's function. The resulting method yields a fast solver for the Helmholtz equation with the quasi-periodic boundary condition. The algorithm is adaptive in the spatial domain and its performance does not significantly deteriorate when Green's function is applied to discontinuous functions or potentials with singularities. We also construct Helmholtz Green's functions with Dirichlet, Neumann or mixed boundary conditions on simple domains and use a modification of the fast algorithm for the quasi-periodic Green's function to apply them. The complexity, in dimension d≥2, of these algorithms is (κd log κ+C(log ε−1)d), where ε is the desired accuracy, κ is proportional to the number of wavelengths contained in the computational domain and C is a constant. We illustrate our approach with examples.


In rural areas interference on water resources are related to the destruction of permanent preservation areas by the use of pesticides, cattle and inadequate management of their waste. The permanent preservation areas (APPs) are essential in the quest for sustainable development, minimize the impacts of storm action, wind on the ground and ensure the preservation of biodiversity, establishing the balance of the environment. The study aimed to analyze the physical-chemical and microbiological quality of water located in permanent preservation area, intended for animal consumption in producing milk farms in the Taquari Vale region-RS, checking for relationship between water quality and existing native vegetation in these locations. Through activities on site was carried out with the aid of GPS, lifting the corners of rural properties delimiting the elements and demarcating the types of uses and land cover present on the property. The Permanent Preservation Areas were defined based on the current legislation (BRAZIL, 2012). These sites were collected and analyzed water samples by means of physico-chemical parameters (ammonia, color, iron, turbidity, total dissolved solids) and microbiological (total and fecal coliforms) using the potability Alfakit® Kit and fast equipment reading. The results of the water analysis were compared with the maximum value allowed for each parameter set by CONAMA in n° 357/2005 (class 3). It was diagnosed that 33% of the samples conformed to the maximum values allowed by the current legislation regarding water quality and in these areas the percentage of APP covered by native vegetation is less than 50% of the total area. It is concluded that it is necessary to elaborate and execute projects that seek environmental education, to train and raise awareness among rural producers.


Time delay is unavoidable in many practical systems, and might shift the performance of control system from a stable condition to an oscillatory or even unstable one. The presence of time delay complicates the analysis and controller design for such systems. Although, PID controller has been adopted for many industrial applications with delay due to its simple configuration and available auto tuning methods, using auto tuning to find the controller parameter does not guarantee the optimum performance of the system in presence of delay. This paper examines the capability of PID tuning methods in controller design for a position servo system with time delay, and compares them with other available controller design strategies.


R-band CCD photometry of 2060 was carried out on nine nights in Nov. and Dec. 1986. The rotation period is 5.9181 + or - 0.0003 hr and the peak to peak lightcurve amplitude is 0.088 + or - 0.0003 mag. Photometric parameters are H sub R = 6.24 + or - 0.02 mag and G sub R = + or - 0.15, though formal errors may not be realistic. The lightcurve has two pairs of extrema, but its asymmetry, as evidenced by the presence of significant odd Fourier harmonics, suggests macroscopic surface irregularities and/or the presence of some large scale albedo variegation. The observational rms residual is + or - 0.015 mag. On time scales from minutes to days there is no evidence for nonperiodic (cometary) brightness changes at the level of a few millimagnitudes.


Abstract A dilemma encountered in drug testing is distinguishing among the drugs and human metabolites from legal use of prescription opiates (morphine, codeine, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, and dihydrocodeine), innocent ingestion of poppy seeds in food (morphine and codeine), and true drug abuse (heroin, 6-monoacetylmorphine, and morphine). The heroin metabolite, 6-monoacetylmorphine, does not result from eating poppy seeds, and it is from this distinction that we pursued our experimentation. We can differentiate heroin, codeine, morphine, and their metabolites from each other using a simplified and accelerated thin-layer chromatographic technique employing special sample application disks and a sequence of detection reactions. The detection limit for opiates is 1 μg/mL from urine by liquid–liquid extraction. Further improvement in the detection limit results when solid phase extraction columns are employed, giving a detection limit of about 200 ng/mL for unconjugated morphine and other opiates. The information in our report can help to prevent innocent poppy seed eaters from being falsely accused of drug abuse.


This chapter reflects on the close relationships between affect and risk in the aesthetics and politics of immersive theatre. The participatory demands of immersive theatre are such that audiences are more than just receivers of theatre, but producers as well. As producing receivers, participants are required to contribute to the creative trajectory of a theatre event without necessarily knowing how to participate or even what it is that they are meant to be participating in. Immersive theatre requires audiences to invest in uncertainty and this investment is what characterises participation as risky. But risk emerges in another sense as well, for this engagement with uncertainty tends towards the production of affects such as exhilaration, anxiety, embarrassment, or, on rare occasions, fear. Drawing on cognitive psychology and neuroscience, the chapter approaches the relationship between risk and affect in two ways: firstly, by looking at how risk might be experienced as an affective presence; secondly, by asking how committing to a theatre event which might produce a variety of affects is itself a risk for participating audiences. Given risk's relationship to uncertain futures, the implication of feeling risk as an affective presence collapses that future into a material present, material because of affect's functioning through and impact on the embodied mind. The implication of committing to the risky production of affect is a political one, for it brings into play the distribution of power dynamics within performance: who affects and who is affected? This chapter, then, will approach the relationship between risk and affect in immersive theatre as one imbued with political resonance, raising the stakes of what it means to engage with immersive theatre as a participating audience.


This study was done to determine whether the passage of short-chain fatty acids across the gastric mucosa enhances the bidirectional flux of sodium. Four healthy, conscious dogs, each with a vagally denervated gastric pouch, were used. All test solutions contained 147.5 mM NaCl and tracer amounts of 24Na and D2O. Sucrose was added to the control test solution at 40 or 75 mM concentrations. Hexanoic or butyric acids were added to acid solutions (pH 3.5) at concentrations of 40 or 75 mM. Neutral solutions were prepared from the acid solutions by additions of NaOH to pH 7.4. A peristaltic pump perfused and recycled the solutions through the pouches. Transmucosal potential difference (P.D.) was monitored continuously. Samples were taken at the start and end of 45-min periods. The concentrations of the fatty acids, their sodium salts, Na+, K+, Cl−, 24Na, and D2O were determined.At pH 3.5, 25–34% of the fatty acids were insorbed and the bidirectional fluxes of Na+ were accelerated. At pH 7.4, the sodium salts o...


Various kinds of oxygen-adsorbed configurations with oxygen coverages of up to two monolayers (ML) were studied through first-principles calculations to elucidate mechanisms of the layer-by-layer growth and of interfacial defect generation in initial oxidation processes. It was found that oxidation proceeds almost laterally. When the coverage reaches to around 1 ML, first-layer oxidation temporary saturates once, although there still remains oxidation sites in the first-layer. Partial second-layer oxidation opens again a channel of the first-layer oxidation. When the coverage exceeds 1.25 ML, oxygen atoms can be incorporated into a bridging site in the second layer, generating twofold-coordinated Si atoms in the third layer. Emission of such twofold-coordinated Si atoms leaves weakly bonded Si pairs in the fourth layer. When such pairs happen to be generated close to each other, they transform into a chain of Si trimers with one Pb0 center at each end. Pb0 centers appear initially in the fourth layer.


Social Networking Service (SNS) is defined as the popular online platform which is useful to build social networks and social activities of people by sharing their reallife connections, career interests, and background activities. Most of the existing works are devoted to SNS recommender systems and CPSSs (Cyber-Physical-Social Systems) is difficult to analyze user's preferences and behavior patterns. SNSs have attained a progressive growth with extensive data in recommendation systems that increase the complexity levels. In this paper, an extensive integration of cyber, physical and social spaces discussed to overcome the issues of the existing system like difficulty in sequential pattern mining, unavailability of group user in individual-centric recommender systems and low dimensionality rating data. Cyber-Physical-Social Systems (CPSSs) have become the simple paradigm of evolution in the information industry, through which traditional computer science will develop into cyber-physical-social computational science. Intelligent recommender systems are an important fundamental research topic in the CPSS field and the implementation of personalized and intelligent computing has great significance in CPSS development. This paper proposes a group-centric recommender system in the CPSS domain with activity-oriented group discovery, the revision of rating data which are analyzed in terms of accuracy, precision analysis, recall analysis and level analysis. Keywords—Social Network Services, Cyber-Physical Social Systems, Group discovery, Intelligent recommender system.


The purpose of this study was to compare the apical leakage and adaptation to the dentinal wall of a glass ionomer root canal cement(Ketac-Endo) with those of AH-26 and Tubli-Seal. 102 single-rooted teeth were insrumented with step-back technique and randomly divided into four groups according to kinds of root canal cements: Ketac-Endo, AH-26, Tubli-Seal, and no root canal cement. Four experimental groups were as follows; Group 1 : Filling with gutta-percha and Ketac-Endo Group 2 : Filling with gutta-percha and AH-26 Group 3 : Filling with gutta-percha and Tubli-Seal Group 4 : Filling with gutta-percha without root canal cement All the specimens were obturated with lateral condensation technique, and stored in 100% humidity for 4 days. 20 teeth in each group were placed in centrifuge tube filled with India ink, and then centrifuged for 20 minutes at 3,000 rpm. And they were evaluated for linear dye leakage using a stereoscope and analyzed by one-way ANOVA. 22 teeth were split longitudinally and evaluated the adaptation to the dentinal wall using scanning electron microscope(4 teeth in each group) and stereoscope(2 teeth in 1, 2, 3 group). The obtained results were as follows ; 1. In case of not used root canal cement(Group 4), there was showed much degree of dye penetration comparerd with used root canal cements (Group 1, 2, 3)(P0.01). 3. In the case of used root canal cements(Group 1, 2, 3), there was showed intimate adaptation to the dentinal wall independent on kinds of root canal cements. 4. Fractured surfaces indicated failure of cohesion in Ketac-Endo, and failure of adhesion to dentine in AH-26 and Tubli-Seal. 5. According to similar apical leakage and adaptability to the dentinal wall to another root canal cements, it is possible to be used glass-ionomer cement as root canal cement.


Objective To discuss the curative effect and application value of simple nasal CPAP and ambroxol hydrochloride in treatment of neonate RDS.Methods 30 cases of varied neonate RDS patient from April 2003 to August 2004 were treated with simple nasal CPAP and AH 30 mg/(kg·d)-1 every 6 h for 5~7 days.Results The symptom,Blood gas,Ventilator or fistula were observed to assess the effect of CPAP.Conclusion This combination therapy might be simple and non-invasive methods to treat neonate RDS that fit for local clinic.


Abstract : No-Name 207 dam was inspected. The purpose of the inspection was to make an assessment of the general condition of the dam with respect to safety, based upon available data and visual inspection, in order to determine if the dam poses hazards to human life or property. Our inspection and evaluation indicates that the dam is deficient in that the spillways do not meet the criteria set forth in the guidelines for a dam having the above size and hazard potential and which require that the spillway be capable of passing a one-half PMF (Probable Maximum Flood). The probable maximum flood is defined as the flood discharge that may be expected from the most severe combination of critical meteorological and hydrologic conditions that are reasonably possible in the region. The dam will begin to be overtopped by a flood having a discharge (peak and volume) equal to 20% of the PMF. The spillways will pass a 1% chance flood (100-year flood) without overtopping, which is a flood that has a 1% chance of being exceeded in any given year.


The effects of shear upon the aggregation of solid objects formed from solid triacylglycerols (TAGs) immersed in liquid TAG oils were modeled using Dissipative Particle Dynamics (DPD) and the predictions compared to experimental data using Ultra-Small Angle X-ray Scattering (USAXS). The solid components were represented by spheres interacting via attractive van der Waals forces and short range repulsive forces. A velocity was applied to the liquid particles nearest to the boundary, and Lees-Edwards boundary conditions were used to transmit this motion to non-boundary layers via dissipative interactions. The shear was created through the dissipative forces acting between liquid particles. Translational diffusion was simulated, and the Stokes-Einstein equation was used to relate DPD length and time scales to SI units for comparison with USAXS results. The SI values depended on how large the spherical particles were (250 nm vs. 25 nm). Aggregation was studied by (a) computing the Structure Function and (b) q...


Abstract In this paper, a new control method for decentralized systems is proposed by using the concept of Nash equilibrium points of non co-operative game. It is supposed that the system stated in this article is composed of many subsystems including their own controllers, so each subsystem can be regarded as a player in the game. And, each subsystem and its controller are described by the Universal Learning Networks which have been proposed to provide a universal framework for the class of neural networks. Based on the above assumptions it is theoretically shown that if the criterion function for each subsystem can be defined individually, then the Nash equilibrium points can be calculated by the gradient learning algorithm. Simulation studies on a decentralized tank network control system show that the Nash equilibrium points can be obtained systematically and effectively by the proposed method.


The purpose of this paper is to reveal the effect of land monopoly and monopsony powers on the capital structure of land banking.Methods used include literature and data,static comparative analysis and policy analysis.The results show that the dual market power of land banking leads to excess monopoly profits of land banking.The change of the profits can be a tool for adjusting the capital structure of the land banking system.The conclusion of the study is that government should increase the market role in varieties stages of land banking operation and constrain the monopoly profit in order to optimize the capitol structure of land banking and foster the financial feature of land banking.


The phenomenon of the intellectual property is becoming more known, exceeding the dimensions of law and legal rules governing the protection of intellectual activity's results. The approach to the category of intellectual property from the economic point of view is less studied, in comparison with its juridical aspects. In this article, the author examines the essence of the cathegory of intellectual property, especially within the framework of the economical science.


Recent trends suggest a degradation of our nation's technological competitiveness and the significant decline in the number of K-12 students interested in STEM subjects-science, technology, engineering, and mathematics fields. Educators of our next generation of technical leaders, particularly those at the pre-college level, are the critical links for overcoming these challenges. However, classroom teachers of science tend to have instructional strategies that are not authentic to the work of engineers and scientists and have. Research Experiences for Teachers (RET) are programs focused on facilitating a solution to this problem. The intended goal is to bring knowledge of engineering and technological innovation to the pre-college classrooms by engaging teachers in research experiences that can be "taken back" to the classroom. That is easier said then done. Most RET programs tend to be effective at one objective or the other, that is to say either providing a framework that engages teachers in authentic research experiences or providing classroom experiences that promote engineering awareness. Our RET site is unique in that we have designed our program such that we are able to realize both objectives utilizing engineering design via the process of product realization as the basis of the research teacher conduct. By bringing together two highly recognized departments in fields of product realization and learning sciences we have create opportunities that provide rigorous engineering design research and curriculum development experience for teachers. The outcome has been that teachers take back to the classroom real world innovative design experiences and a curriculum that promotes awareness, interest and increased student achievement.


This paper investigates the finite-region boundedness (FRB) and stabilization problems for two-dimensional continuous-discrete linear Roesser models subject to two kinds of disturbances. For two-dimensional continuous-discrete system, we first put forward the concepts of finite-region stability and FRB. Then, by establishing special recursive formulas, sufficient conditions of FRB for two-dimensional continuous-discrete systems with two kinds of disturbances are formulated. Furthermore, we analyze the finite-region stabilization issues for the corresponding two-dimensional continuous-discrete systems and give generic sufficient conditions and sufficient conditions that can be verified by linear matrix inequalities for designing the state feedback controllers which ensure the closed-loop systems FRB. Finally, viable experimental results are demonstrated by illustrative examples.


Readers of this volume should be prepared to confront sets of provocative argument, polemic and advocacy discussed extensively in the form of three separate yet interrelated essays by scholars of d ...


This study tests the hypotheses that compensation for metabolic acid-base disturbances involves regulation of carbonic anhydrase (CA) and that cortisol plays an important role in mediating the compensatory responses of the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss.
Metabolic acidosis decreased mRNA expression of branchial trout cytosolic CA (tCAc) and increased mRNA expression of renal tCAc and membrane-bound CAIV (tCAIV). Metabolic alkalosis increased mRNA expression of branchial and renal tCAc, decreased renal tCAIV mRNA expression, and increased branchial CA activity.
Plasma cortisol was elevated during acidosis and alkalosis, indicating its possible involvement in regulating the response to an acid-base challenge. Cortisol may up-regulate CA, as treatment with exogenous cortisol increased tCAc and tCAIV mRNA expression, renal tCAc protein abundance, and branchial CA activity.
This study suggests that CA contributes to the compensation of metabolic acid-base disturbances in the rainbow trout, and that cortisol is involved in the regulation of acid-base status.


Based on the surveys of anchovy in the central and Southern waters of the Yellow Sea from June 2002 to September 2003, seasonal variations in energy content of whole body of anchovy in wintering, feeding and spawning periods were analyzed and also seasonal changes in energy content in testes and ovaries were analyzed. Anchovy of all stages of maturity exhibited an annual cycle with energy content in spawning (May-July), feeding (August-October) and wintering (November-January) periods. Seasonal variations in energy content for testes were similar to those of ovary. Seasonal variations in energy content for juveniles were similar to those of adult anchovy, but energy contents in each month for juveniles were lower than those corresponding ones for adult anchovy. Seasonal changes in whole body energy content varied from 40% to 50% for anchovy from wintering to pre-spawning period, and this was mainly induced by seasonal changes in fat content. To estimate the energy content of whole body by wet weight condition factor was not preciser than that by dry weight condition factor.


This paper provides empirical evidence on the degree of long run dependence of volatility and trading volume in the Korean Stock Exchange using the semiparametric estimators of Robinson (1994, 1995a). The results of testing for long memory support the argument for long run dependence in both Garman-Klass volatility and trading volume (turnover). Total and domestic trading volume exhibit very similar long memory characteristics for all sample periods. The degree of long memory in foreign volume is signi…cantly lower than that experienced in domestic volume. Interestingly, the results for trading volume are not in‡uenced by structural breaks in the mean of the series. On the other hand,


Background: Zingiber zerumbet rhizome ethyl acetate extract (ZZRE) has the potential to be developed as a wound-healing agent with its profound anti-inflammatory property. Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the wound healing effects of 5% ZZRE on open wound in rats. Materials and Methods: Wistar rats (n = 90) were divided into three groups, negative control (treated with PBS), positive control (treated with solcoseryl gel), and 5% ethyl acetate extract of Z. zerumbet, respectively. Wounds were induced on the rat's dorsal surface on day 0. Measurements of wound closure, total protein, uronic acid, hexosamine, cathepsin B, hydroxyproline, and histological observations were conducted on the wound tissues. Results: ZZRE-treated group showed increment in wound closure, protein, and hydroxyproline level. The uronic acid and hexosamine levels of ZZRE-treated wounds significantly increased on the 3rd day (P < 0.05). Histological observations demonstrated formation of granulation tissue was faster and denser in ZZRE-treated group. Conclusion: ZZRE enhances open wound healing in rats and has potential to be developed as a healing agent in the future. Abbreviations Used: ZZRE: Zingiber zerumbet rhizomes extract, PDGF: Platelet-derived growth factor, TGF-β: Transforming growth factor-beta, PBS: Phosphate-buffered saline, EDTA: Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid


This study aims to calibrate and validate the EPA Storm Water Management Model from field measurements of rainfall and runoff, in order to simulate the rainfall-runoff process in an urban watershed of Tehran metropolis, Iran. During and after three significant storm events, the flow rates, total suspended solids (TSS), total phosphorus (TP), and total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) concentrations were measured at the outlet of the catchment, and were used in the model calibration and validation process. The performance of the SWMM model was evaluated based on the statistical criteria, as well as graphical techniques. In this study, a local sensitivity analysis was carried out to identify the key model parameters, show that "the percentage of impervious surface in each subwatershed had the most effect on the model output". Based on the analysis of the results, SWMM model calibration and validation can be judged as satisfactory, and the goodness-of-fit indices for simulating runoff quality and quantity are placed in acceptable ranges. The adjustment obtained for the variations in the measured and simulated flow rates, pollutograph concentrations, total pollutant load, peak concentration, and the event mean concentration (EMC) confirms the considerable predictive capability of the SWMM model when it is well calibrated by using field measurements.


The present paper approaches the current global crisis by means of managerial theories and moral principles. There will be presented a set of economic and political factors which have conducted to the collapse; the accent is put on the moral perspective at the governmental, managerial and individual level, which underlies the development of various management theories. After the analysis of the crisis from different points of view, I will proceed to the study of different management theories, with a special focus on the latest management developments and their capabilities to accelerate the recovery rhythmus of enterprises in order to overcome the crisis and to forewarn us with respect to similar situations in the future.


Extraction of the multi-TeV proton and lead LHC beams with a bent crystal or by using an internal gas target allows one to perform the most energetic fixed-target experiment ever. pp, pd and pA collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 115 GeV and Pbp and PbA collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm{NN}}}$ = 72 GeV can be studied with high precision and modern detection techniques over a broad rapidity range. Using the LHCb or the ALICE detector in a fixed-target mode offers unprecedented possibilities to access heavy-flavour production in a new energy domain, half way between the SPS and the nominal RHIC energy. In this contribution, a review of projection studies for quarkonium and open charm and beauty production with both detector set-ups used with various nuclear targets and the LHC lead beams is presented.


Since the first sailing of Varyag in August, 2011, China Navy has revealed the ambition of moving forward to the blue-water. This move arouses the worries of the expansion of China's sea-power from the Western-Pacific countries. Though China claimed it was the inevitable result to develop the aircraft carrier as a Superpower, and ensured its territory of sea and sea-right under the premises of "never being the hegemony" and of "peaceful development," it has been hard for the East-Asian countries to cast the doubts away when facing the "China threats" due to the expansion of China's Naval far-water capability in recent years. The main point of observing the development of Chinese aircraft carrier should be put on when and how China will disclose its intention to build aircraft carrier. We also need to know to what extent the development of aircraft carrier can help China to reach the military capability, and what its impact on the regional geopolitics.


Objective To discuss the feasibility and clinical value of percutaneous liver tumor's feeding artery and embolic chemotherapy guided by ultrasonography. Methods Twenty patients with liver tumor which can not be treated by common methods like transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) or TACE can not take good effect, were treated by percutaneous TACE under the guidance of ultrasonography. Results Twenty-four times punctures were performed in 20 cases, needles were punctured into the feeding artery successfully in each case. On CT images, the target tumor was enhanced in 16 cases (80%), part of target tumor was enhanced in 1 case (5%), the tumor and its surrounding area was enhanced in 3 cases (15%). There were not severe complications after therapy. Conclusion This method above is safe, simple, and feasible to treat some patients with liver tumor who can not be treated with TACE.


Little information is available regarding the duration of immunity achieved by Leptospira vaccination. The aim of this study was to assess in dogs the one-year protection induced by a leptospirosis vaccine against a Leptospira (L.) interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae challenge. Six 8-9 week old dogs were immunised twice at a 3-week interval with a bivalent vaccine composed of inactivated bacterins of L. interrogans serovar canicola and L. interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae (CANIGEN ® L, VIRBAC, France) and served as the vaccinated group. Six age-matched dogs were used as the control group. All dogs were challenged with L. interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae 52 weeks after the primary vaccination. The control dogs developed mild clinical signs, leukocytosis, leptospiremia and became renal carriers as demonstrated by positive results in urine culture and interstitial nephritis. In the vaccinated group, only one dog developed leptospiremia and shed leptospires in the urine. These results clearly demonstrated a significant one year protec tion by CANIGEN ® L against leptospire


In the present note we establish a new integral inequality similar to
Gruss integral inequality by using a variant of the mean value theorem.


Purely keyword-based text search is not satisfactory because named entities and WordNet words are also important elements to define the content of a document or a query in which they occur. Named entities have ontological features, namely, their aliases, classes, and identifiers. Words in WordNet also have ontological features, namely, their synonyms, hypernyms, hyponyms, and senses. Those features of concepts may be hidden from their textual appearance. Besides, there are related concepts that do not appear in a query, but can bring out the meaning of the query if they are added. We propose an ontology-based generalized Vector Space Model to semantic text search. It exploits ontological features of named entities and WordNet words, and develops a query-oriented spreading activation algorithm to expand queries. In addition, it combines and utilizes advantages of different ontologies for semantic annotation and searching. Experiments on a benchmark dataset show that, in terms of the MAP measure, our model is 42.5% better than the purely keyword-based model, and 32.3% and 15.9% respectively better than the ones using only WordNet or named entities.


After the Triassic–Jurassic mass extinction, green algae proliferated in seawater conditions that delayed the recovery of other species. </xhtml:...
 After the Triassic–Jurassic mass extinction, green algae proliferated in seawater conditions that delayed the recovery of other species. </xhtml:...


Objective To investigate and analyze the types of visual impairment and their prevalence by collecting data from stroke patients. Methods After being diagnosed with stroke by neurologists, ocular pathology and visual function such as visual acuity, eye position and movement, visual perception and visual field, etc., were examined. Results One hundred forty-seven stroke patients were recruited with a mean age of (71.7±13.3)years. Of these, 46.9% had eye alignment/ movement impairment, 34.0% had visual field impairment, 19.7% had low vision or were blind and 19.0% had visual perceptual difficulties. Conclusion Some kind of visual impairment was found in 72.1% of the stroke patients. This not only affects the patient's ability to live independently but also affects the results of clinical rehabilitation. Doctors should give a lot of attention to visual therapy and rehabilitation for stroke patients.

Key words:
Stroke;  Visual impairment;  Visual field;  Eye movement;  Visual perception


ObjectiveTo study diet quality and development al level of children aged 3~6 years in Luoyang city, and to provide basis perfomi ng related intervention study. MethodsDiet quality and develop mental level of 2 435 children aged 3-6 years, drawn randomly in Luoyang city, w ere surveyed. ResultsMost of nutrients were sufficient, but th e intakes of calcium, zinc, vitamin B1 and vitamin A accounted only for 38.73%, 58.78%, 64.77% and 59.18% of Chinese Dietary Reference Intakes (Chinese DRIs) re commended by Chinese Nutrition Society. The mean values for height and weight we re below the US National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS)/WHO reference value s. The Z scores of Height/Age, Weight/Age and Weight/Height were -0.23, -0.2 1 and -0.07 respectively. Prevalence rates of stunting, wasting and underweig ht w ere 9.3%, 6.1% and 5.7%. ConclusionNutritional status of child ren improved obviously, but some micronutrients were insufficient in their diets . Meanwhile, there were the problems of underdevelopment among them.


Physiological and biochemical analysis of two Halomonas species CM1 and CM4,which were isolated from the salt of some sea products from Qingdao,was carried out and the results showed that the two strains possessed the features of the genus Halomonas, but some of them were not identical to those of the classical species of this genus,suggesting that they may be new species of this genus.Further comparison of the two strains showed that the two strains may use different evolution stability strategy(ESS) to adapt to their specially high NaCl concentration environment.That is to say,CM1 used K strategy while CM4 used r strategy and ESS was expanded to the asexual bacteria.


ATPG (Automatic Test-Pattern Generation) is the process of finding an input pattern that will sensitize a specific fault, and then propagate the effect of this fault to a primary output of the device. In this paper, the algorithms of ATPG for combinational circuit are briefly introduced. It includes D-algorithm, Basic ATPG Algorithm, PODEM algorithm and testability measurements, finally the technical challenge and recent development for ATPG is discussed.


The most widely internationally term used to describe children with coordination difficulties is development coordination disorder (DCD). Developmental coordination disorder is usually first recognized when a child fails to reach such normal developmental milestones as walking or beginning to dress him- or herself and is diagnosed when children do not develop normal motor coordination (coordination of movements involving the voluntary muscles). The aim of this review is to find out; the impact of development coordination disorder in children, overleaping of DCD with other conditions and finally identification and classification of children with DCD. Children with DCD are a heterogeneous group. Any given child may present with a variety of different problems. Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is obvious when there is a marked impairment in the performance of motor skills in children. For a child with DCD, motor skills are very difficult and require more effort. The diagnosis of developmental coordination disorder is most commonly made when the child's parents or teachers notice that he or she is lagging behind peers in learning motor skills, or having learning problems in school. Identification of coordination motor difficulties (skills) is an important phase when observing children for possible development coordination disorder. These are: poor kinaesthetic acuity, poor visual perception, poor static balance and postural control, loss of information from visual-spatial short-term or working memory, poor attentional control, reduced strength and enhanced co-activation of muscles, slow movement preparation, enhanced spatial and temporal variability and, finally, slow feedback processing DOI: 10.5901/ajis.2014.v3n4p203


To the Editor. —As Dr. Benton indicates we did not disprove his work, nor did we propose to do so. If mixed dominance is such an important factor in "the less severe type" of dyslexia, it is hard to understand why Dr. Benton has failed to find an even higher incidence of "dominance abnormalities" in his more severe cases. While there is no general agreement about the criteria for diagnosis of developmental dyslexia, the definition used in our study in theArchives( 78 :722-729 [Dec] 1967) corresponds to the one most frequently used at present in the English-speaking world. We question the desirability of inclusion of all children who are poor readers under the label of dyslexia. As Shankweiler 1 commented, The term "developmental dyslexia" is worth retaining, because it refers to a group of disorders which are profitably to be distinguished from the mass of cases of reading backwardness.


Hapke's model for bidirectional reflectance is used to calculate the mass fractional abundance of components in intimately mixed, particulate surfaces from laboratory reflectance spectra. Application of this model, simplified by the assumptions that all surfaces scatter light with the same constant phase function and the opposition surge is negligible, to binary mineral mixtures are summarized and compared with new results for ternary mixtures of olivine, enstatite, and anorthite. These experimental tests indicate that the simple model is accurate to within 7% for mixtures not containing low albedo components (< 10% reflectance). However, several observed systematic deviations of the calculated mass fractions from the actual mass fractions suggest that the simple model may be improved by allowing for variable scattering between the minerals used. An empirical scattering function, based on the physically plausible scattering behavior that low albedo materials are backward scattering and high albedo, transparent materials are forward scattering, reduces the magnitude of the systematic deviations in mass fractions observed with the constant scattering model. To determine if the empirical scattering function is representative of the actual scattering behavior of particulate mineral surfaces, specific photometric parameters (single-scattering albedo, single-particle phase function) of five different mineral components (olivine, enstatite, anorthite, magnetite, hematite) and two mineral mixtures (90% olivine 10% magnetite, 25% olivine 75% magnetite) are derived from bidirectional reflectance spectra measured at 17 different viewing geometries between 0.5 and 1.6 gin. Mineral components were crushed and wet sieved with ethanol to a 45 to 75 tm particle size. All reflectance data are corrected lbr the non-Lambertian scattering properties of halon. Analysis of the parameters of the single-particle phase function indicate that each mineral defines a relatively unique suite of scattering parameters as a function of albedo. In particular, the silicates are forward scattering where the degree of tbrward scattering increases with albedo, magnetite is forward scattering but the degree of forward scattering decreases with albedo, and hematite is entirely backward scattering where the degree of backward scattering increases with albedo. It is apparent that the physical properties of the particles (roughness, transparency, shape) rather than albedo or chemical composition determine the gross scattering properties of the particulate surfaces studies here. The scattering parameters of the mixtures are similar to the parameters of the more abundant mineral in the mixture. The experimentally determined single-scattering are used to calculate the mass fractions of olivine and magnetite in these mixtures. These new fractions are much improved over the previous analyses and indicate that more detailed information regarding the geometric dependence of reflectance overcomes the systematic deficiencies of the simplified methods. In general, the simplified method is appropriate for mixtures not containing low albedo material using bidirectional reflectance measured at intermediate phase angles (200-40 o) and small emergence angles (near 0o). Abundance estimates using this approach are accurate to within 5-10% when information regarding the particle size of the surface components is available, and in a relative sense for surfaces of unknown particle size distributions. More precise abundance estimates can be derived if the scattering properties of the surface are well characterized and incorporated into the analysis.


The processing software GAMBIT modeling、setting up meshes and defining boundaries,the internal flow field was simulated with computational fluid dynamics(CFD) software FLUENT.The multiphase mixture and reynolds stress model were chosen to simulate the present flows,the second order upwind difference method is utilized to perform a discrete solution for momentum equation and the velocity-pressure is solved coupling with SIMPLE(semi-implicit method for pressure-linked equations).Information of radical,axial tangential velocity,the velocity vector streamline diagram and pressure field were presented through numerical calculation.The results show that the static pressure is relative small nearby the medial axis,dynamic pressure gradient is relative big;tangential velocity increases at first then decreases from inside to outside,and the consistency of tangential velocity direction indicates that the consistency of internal and external rotation direction;zero velocity envelope surface exists due to axial velocity,providing theoretical evidence for optimization and design of hydrocyclone.


Sea food in overall and particularly fish constitute a worldwide nutritional wealth. The current review describes the different responses of post mortem biochemical degradations of macro-molecules and the impact of certain factors on the organoleptic and nutritional quality of the fish. The exhaustion of energy (ATP: Adenosine Triphosphate) in relation to capture and treatment processes is a source of rapid degradation of proteins, glucides and lipids. They are responsible to the odor and the taste of spoiled fish. Knowledge and mastery of these processes towards treatments will definitely enhance technological, organoleptic and nutritional qualities of the fish for the whole consumers.


Objective To explore the state of liver and gallbladder illness in countrymen of Heshan Town.Methods The sera from 2761 people were detected for Hepatitis B virus surface antigen(HBsAg)and Alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)were detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).ALT was detected by Lai's method.Liver and Gallbladder were examined by ultrasonic diagnostics.Results 283 cases of 2761 were positive for HBsAg,158 cases were suffered from Fatty Liver,ALT and AFP were higher than normal levels in 32 and 22 cases respectively.14 cases of liver hoemangioma were found.Positive rate of HBsAg in men was significantly higher than that in female(P0.001)and the prevalence rate of liver hoemangioma was significantly lower in men(P0.05).Conclusion The prevalent rates of liver and gallbladder illness were high in this region.It is necessary to healthiness examination of rural residents.


Studies on correlations of ground shock parameters from explosions began since 1870. Many field tests of various scales have been conducted to obtain the correlation of these parameters. One example is the U.S. Army Corp of Engineer's TM 5-855-1 (1986). The objective of this paper is to evaluate the relevancy of the plots in TM 5855-1 (1986) given that many advances have been made in computational modeling. In the paper, ground shock parameters such as pressure, velocity, acceleration, impulse and scaled distance are firstly expressed as dimensionless parameters to develop dimensionless counterpart plots of the TM5-855-1 (1986) plots. Next, data from ground shock studies in the literature are examined using the dimensionless plots. It is found that the dimensionless plots provide good indicative values of the parameters and it is also possible to know how the parameters will change as degree of saturation of the soil and soil type changes.


The peracetic acid-Schiff reaction was studied in the hair with a view to establishing its histochemical significance. Evidence was collected which favoured the view that the peracetic acid-Schiff reaction was not a general test for ethylenic linkages and that the Schiff reagent was not acting in its capacity as a specific reagent for aldehydes. The nature of this remarkable reaction was obscure, and consequently its histochemical validity at the present time seemed doubtful.


Legal considerations of clinical guidelines Dr Ash Samanta and his colleagues (March 2003 JRSM1) have produced a clear and valuable account of the place of clinical guidelines in the conduct of clinical negligence cases. Inevitably their message is principally directed at lawyers, including judges who have the conduct of cases. Two matters arising from their article give me concern— namely, prevention of medical errors which lead to litigation, and the provision of the National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE) recommendations to clinicians. There needs to be much greater emphasis on prevention rather than investigating possible changes that would reduce costs. I think clinical guidelines and NICE reports have a very important part to play in reducing the number of claims. I think also they will lead to more successful outcomes for deserving claimants. Nothing will change unless clinicians receive the NICE reports and guidelines. I suggest it is for the specialty associations to send this material regularly to all trainees and consultants. It would be sensible also to provide medical students with this information during their clinical training. It would I am sure have a long-term beneficial effect.


A one-dimensional dielectric photonic crystal with a complex defect layer, consisting of ultrathin superconducting and dielectric sublayers, is theoretically studied. It is shown that the position of the defect mode and the transmittivity at the defect mode frequency strongly depend on the thickness of the superconducting sublayer as well as on the temperature.


Facebook, as an interactive online media, can make its users reproduce meanings as
their own interpretation. Thus, through their writings in Facebook, Salafi women can be able
to define and interpret their own identity as Islam women. Therefore, this study is aimed to
analyze identity performativity of Islam women performed by eight Salafi women in their
personal accounts in Facebook in order to know discourse of Islam women�s identity related
with their gender role. However, only married Salafi women would become informants of
this study. Moreover, this study is also aimed to analyze the roles of Facebook in articulating
the discourse. Thus, data were collected with ethnography approach, namely online and
offline observation, as well as online and offline interview. The collected data were then
analyzed with Fairclough�s analyzing text method.
Based on the analysis results, the researcher found several findings. First, identity
performativity of Islam women performed by those eight informants is very ideological and
political, as well as full of dialectics and negotiation processes. It is because there is a
dialectics between those women with their Salafi community and Indonesian social culture.
Second, Facebook plays roles as a face of dialectics and as a face of Islamic Make-Up. As a
face of dialectics, Facebook can articulate dialectics process occurred, either between those
Salafi women and their Salafi community as well as the social culture around them, or
between this Salafi community in Indonesia and the thoughts of its founder in East Asia, Ibn
Abd Al Wahhab, in performing the discourse of Islam women�s identity through identity
performativity of those informants in Facebook. As a result, Facebook will always be a face
reflecting how repitition and demystification of Islamic woman discourse formed through
dialectics and negotiation processes are reproduced continually. Next, as a face with Islamic
Make Up, Facebook can become a laboratory of self-creating for its users, as a result, those
informants can reflect their Islamic identity creatively and symbolically through code
switching process, as a make-up. Therefore, Facebook, through all writings produced by
those informants, can finally be concluded as a media that can make mystification of the
discourse of Islam women�s identity eliminated though not all dismissed. It is because the
fact that not all of Islam women, in this case Salafi women, can or will access internet
(Facebook), so it can indirectly cause pre-selection or filtering process for the discourse of
Islam women performed through their identity performativity in Facebook.


Image fusion is a promising process in the field of medical image processing, the idea behind is to improve the content of medical image by combining two or more multimodal medical images. In this paper a novel fusion framework based on singular value decomposition based image fusion algorithm is proposed. SVD is an image adaptive transform, it transforms the matrix of the given image into product USV T , which allows to refactor a digital image into three matrices called tensors. The proposed algorithm picks out informative image patches of source images to constitute the fused image by processing the divided subtensors rather than the whole tensor and a novel sigmoid-function-like coefficient-combining scheme is applied to construct the fused result. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is an alternative image fusion approach.


This article deals with Bian Zhilin's variance of symbolism when he accepts it. Absorbing the poetics of Paul Valery and T.S. Eliot, combined with his unique and profound aesthetic experience, Bian Zhilin uses ordinary images to coagulate philosophic thoughts, searches the beauty of poetry in intellectuality, and shows his creation and oriental wisdom. Bian's choices and variance of modern western symbolist poetry, not only develop the field of Chinese new poetry, promote its rational level, but also provide experience for the development of Chinese new poetry.


1. Twenty-two species of the Andromedeae are described with respect to the organography and vascular anatomy of the flower: Ampelothamnus phyllireifolius, Andromeda glaucophylla, A. polifolia, Cassiope hypnoides, C lycopodioides, C. mertensiana, C. tetragona, Chamaedaphne calyculata, Enkianthus cernuus, Epigaea repens, Harrimanella stelleriana, Leucothoe axillaris, L. catesbaei, L. racemosa, L. recurva, Lyonia ligustrina, L. mariana, Neopieris nitida, Oxydendrum arboreum, Pieris floribunda, P. japonica, and Xolisma fruticosa. 2. The Andromedeae are pentacyclic (the outer whorl of stamens opposite the petals), pentamerous, sympetalous, hypogynous, and perfect (except for Epigaea, which is functionally dioecious). The stamens have introrse anthers, and most have appendages: spurs and/or awns of varying character. The corolla varies from funnel-form through bellshape to extremely urceolate. The calyx and corolla in many are strongly reflexed at the base of the flower. The placentation is in general axile but may become parietal at the top of the depressed ovary. 3. The vascular system in the pedicel forms a complete cylinder. It usually broadens in the receptacle and is broken by gaps above the traces to the various organs. The following whorls of traces arise in acropetal order: sepals, petals, petalad stamens, sepalad stamens, dorsal carpels in the plane of the petals, septal carpels in the plane of the sepals, and the ventral carpels or placentals. There are different degrees of nondivergence of various of these whorls; most frequently the petal and petalad stamen or sepalad stamen and septal carpel traces are common in origin. 4. Traces to a sepal and septal carpel region may be from one to three; they are single to all other organs. The sepal supply is of four types: (a) three traces arise to supply each sepal, so that a total of fifteen gaps occur in the vascular cylinder; (b) lateral sepal traces of adjacent sepals have a common origin, so that each sepal receives three traces and ten gaps are formed; (c) a single trace for each sepal arises and divides immediately into three--each sepal receives three traces, but only five gaps occur; and (d) a single trace to each sepal. 5. The dorsal carpel bundles form the stylar vascular supply; the septal traces fade out without reaching the style; and the ventral carpels supply the placentae and ovules. The latter bundles normally occur in the plane of the locules but in two species are found in the plane of the septa. 6. A tentative grouping of the species studied, based only on the facts of organography and vascular anatomy described, is given in table 2. The initial separation is on the basis of sepal supply; additional characters are used to subdivide the groups.


PurposeWith the aim to enrich the ongoing debate about healthcare management, the paper has a twofold intent: [1] to emphasise the interpretative contribution that intellectual capital can provide to a better understanding of the relevant role of patients in the healthcare sector and [2] to investigate the relationships between the three main dimensions of intellectual capital – human capital, relational capital and structural capital – and patient satisfaction in the healthcare sector.Design/methodology/approachThe intellectual capital framework is contextualised in the healthcare sector, and the relationships among patient evaluations of human capital, relational capital and structural capital and patient satisfaction are tested via structural equation modelling (SEM) using primary data collected with reference to a sample of 561 Italian patients involved in post survey treatments in three Italian hospitals.FindingsThe role of intellectual capital in supporting a better understanding of processes and dynamics of patient satisfaction in the healthcare sector is underlined. The empirical research provides possible guidelines for recovery patients centrality in healthcare management.Originality/valueThe paper shows how an intellectual capital framework can support a better understanding and management of dynamics and processes through which patient centrality and satisfaction in healthcare management can be enforced.


Abstract Oil-accommodating adhesives are widely used industrially to avoid the necessity of degreasing metals before bonding. We have undertaken a study of the behaviour of drops of an uncured model epoxy adhesive on both degreased and oiled, galvanized, steel sheet during temperature increase. Contact angle, θ, vs. time, t, behaviour is significantly different for the two cases. On a degreased substrate, wetting rate initially increases with temperature, therefore time, due to decreasing viscosity, and then becomes reduced as equilibrium is approached. For oiled substrates, there is a central pseudo-plateau in the θ vs. t curve, corresponding to a modified capillary balance, itself caused by significant absorption of the oil by the adhesive. This behaviour is modelled semi-quantitatively. In the case of spreading on a degreased substrate, a simplified model is proposed to explain dynamic effects related to reduced viscosity during temperature rise.


Background: Equines have some specific characteristics in comparison to other domestic species, such as low fertility index and low prolificity. Additionally, they also have a reproductive cycle that starts at approximately three years of age, gestation period of 11 months, only one animal per gestation and abortions or reabsorptions are common occurrences. In equines, embryonic losses occur mostly between the 27th and 33rd day of pregnancy. The death of the fetus may result in abortion or retention inside the uterus, with consequent mummification or maceration. In twin pregnancies, during the fetal period, the mummification or maceration of one of the fetuses is frequent. In single pregnancies, such alterations are rare and they may be associated with uterine torsions or malformation of the fetus. Fetal maceration is a septic process caused by viral or bacterial ascendant infections, producing emphysema and necrosis of the fetal tissue. The presence of microorganisms in the uterus is necessary for fetal maceration. They may be the cause of fetal death or be decomposing microorganisms that enter the uterus after the death of the fetus. Fetal disintegration causes endometritis and, the treatment includes removal of macerated parts, uterine lavage with physiological solution and antibiotics. In all species, the prognosis of severe cases of fetal maceration followed by endometritis is guarded, due to the possibility of involvement of other uterine layers and the subsequent development of septicemia and toxemia. The evolution of the condition may affect the reproductive ability of the animal. Case: A female pony was sent to Hospital de Clinicas Veterinarias da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (HCV-UFGRS). The animal had a purulent vulvar discharge. Transrectal palpation of the uterine cornua revealed liquid contents and palpable structures which, later, were identified as fetal skeletal remains. Periodic hysteroscopies were the auxiliary method in the diagnosis and visualization of the uterine environment, in order to realize the evolution of the disease. The treatment chosen consisted of uterine lavage with ringer lactate solution for the mechanical removal of the secretion, in addition to the manual removal of the bone fragments found in the vagina and administration of effervescent intrauterine tetracycline tablets. Discussion: Fetal maceration cases in single equine pregnancy are associated with uterine torsion or fetal development problems. In the present case, there was no colic history or other disorders associated with uterine torsion. However, the possibility of abnormal fetal development should not be ruled out, since the fetus came from the crossing of a pony with a Crioulo horse which, due to the differences in size, could predispose to malformations. Uterine lavage with ringer lactate is advocated as a method to have an effective mechanical antibacterial action. However, some authors recommend uterine lavage and local antimicrobial therapy by infusion as the preferred method in endometritis cases. According to this principle, the treatment was administrated and the animal of this case reacted satisfactorily, showing uterine retraction, absence of purulent secretion and cervical closure. In 15 days, it was discharged from hospital.


In this paper, we investigate the problem of distributed coherent beamforming in wireless networks where multiple distributed transmitters adjust the phases of their signals to form a directional and targeted communication link to a client receiver. The quality-of-service (QoS) and security are key components of robust and covert wireless networks. Although the security can be improved by exploiting information about potential adversaries, such information may not be available in practical networks since the adversaries are often passive. Therefore, we introduce transmission strategies which not only send a confidential message by forming a beam towards the client but also broadcast interference with the aim of obfuscating adversaries without having any information about them. Two different client feedback scenarios are considered, two-bit and rich feedback. The proposed algorithms can be performed in a fully distributed manner without any knowledge about potential adversaries. Numerical simulations validate the effectiveness of the proposed schemes.


ABSTRACT This nation-wide probability sample survey study among Finnish majority group members (N = 335) focused on the interactive effects of objective and subjective ethno-cultural diversity on three indicators of intergroup relations: outgroup attitudes, perceived group and personal discrimination, and outgroup trust. Complementing previous research that has mostly examined a linear relationship between cultural diversity and intergroup relations, special attention was given to moderate diversity contexts, which are claimed to pose different challenges to intergroup dynamics than high- and low-diversity contexts. It was hypothesised that majority group members who live in contexts characterised by moderate levels of objective diversity but subjectively perceive high levels of diversity will report more negative outgroup attitudes, lower levels of outgroup trust and higher levels of discrimination, as compared to those living in low- or high-diversity contexts. The hypothesis was confirmed for perceived group discrimination and outgroup trust. The results highlight the need to acknowledge possible non-linear relationships between diversity and intergroup relations.


We report the case of a chess player with superior premorbid cognitive function who presented to the Cognitive Disorders clinic at the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery with a 2-year history of symptoms of possible memory loss. Initially the MRI scan appearance was within normal limits and his cognitive scores inside the normal range; subsequently his cognitive function deteriorated and he fulfilled criteria for Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) two years later. Unexpectedly he died of an unrelated illness seven months later and post mortem examination of the brain was carried out, revealing advanced Alzheimer's disease (CERAD definite and NIA-Regan Institute high likelihood). This case highlights the difficulties encountered in assessing patients with superior premorbid function in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease, and reveals the value of serial MRI and neuropsychological assessment in detecting and monitoring early neurodegenerative disease. We would like to thank Dr John Stevens and the Department of Neuropsychology, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, for their help in the preparation of this paper. JMS is an Alzheimer Society (UK) Research Fellow; NCF is a Medical Research Council Clinician Scientist, NMR is in receipt of a Medical Research Council Program Grant.


The advantages of the 3-D finite element (FE) method of structural analysis over 2-D FE methods and other analysis methods are highlighted. The focus is on the use of 3-D FE method analysis in structural design. Specifically, 3-D solid element analysis is utilized in calculation of lateral load distributions in bridge design.


A research was done into the competitive sports system culture in China as seen from the athlete registration problems.The results showed that the construction of the sports system culture had long been a weak point in competitive sports,influenced by both traditional culture and social reality.Post-registration,reemptive registration,repetitive registration and renewed registration reflected that there were defects in spirit,rationality and creativity of law.In view of this,countermeasures were proposed.


Auralization, the process of rendering audible the sound field in a simulated space, is a useful tool in the design of acoustically sensitive spaces. The auralization depends on the calculation of an impulse response between a source and a receiver which have certain directional behavior. Many auralizations created to date have used omnidirectional sources; the effects of source directivity on auralizations is a relatively unexplored area. To examine if and how the directivity of a sound source affects the acoustical results obtained from a room, we used directivity data for three sources in a room acoustic modeling program called Odeon. The three sources are: violin, piano, and human voice. The results from using directional data are compared to those obtained using omnidirectional source behavior, both through objective measure calculations and subjective listening tests.


Abstract In this article the author reflects upon his experiences trying to develop a collaborative relationship with teachers in his role as a part-time science coordinator for their school. The author suggests that, despite his egalitarian intentions, he inappropriately transgressed institutional boundaries that demarcate the world of university-based researchers and public school teachers. In crossing these boundaries particular power relations were enacted that became an unstated yet powerful force in their relationship. Drawing upon a post-structuralist conception of power, the author interprets various critical incidents in his interactions with teachers as at least partially constituted by power relations that were constantly negotiated and contested in their relationship. Power is not viewed in structural terms of dominance and subordinance, but as circulating throughout the relationship and manifesting itself in various ways. Furthermore, these power relations are rooted in the historical development of universities and schools and serve as a backdrop for their relationship. This hierarchical relationship was inscribed into their relationship and manifested in various ways, ultimately mitigating against the development of a collaborative relationship.