To develop a method for constructing an ellipsoidal diagram of the dental arch and to conduct a comparative analysis of the shape from photo-static images of plaster models of the jaws of various arcade types of physiological occlusion. Retrospective analysis was carried out using 34 pairs of plaster models, which were divided into 3 groups taking into account the arcade type, which was determined by the ratio of the molar width of the arch to the sum of the width of the crowns of 14 teeth. When determining the anterior and posterior points of the ellipse, a diamond-shaped figure was built, the sides of which corresponded to the molar-incisor diagonal. The width of the arch between the molars determined the size of the small diameter of the future ellipse. As a result of the analysis of photo-static images of models of the upper jaws, an almost complete correspondence of the dimensions of the ellipsoid with the dental arch of all arcade types was determined. On the lower jaw, there was a deviation of the chewing teeth in the lingual direction by 2-4 mm. Consequently, the correspondence of the shape of the upper dental arch to the parameters of the ellipsoid was noted, which can be recommended for assessing its shape and determining the size of the metal arches of fixed equipment. The discrepancy in the size of the ellipsoid of the lower arch is explained by the parabolic shape. Thus, a method for constructing a dental arch according to the dimensions of a diagnostic rhombus is proposed, the sides of which correspond to diagonal dimensions, and the short diameter of the ellipsoid is close to the width of the dental arch between the second molars. The data obtained can be used both in the diagnosis and in assessing the effectiveness of therapeutic measures in people with anomalies in the shape of the dental arches.


— Industrial symbiosis represents a relationship between three or more social actors, involved in exchange of waste as material, water or energy sources, whereas the resource exchange represents synergies between these actors. All actors, involved in exchange of resources, achieve their own benefits, help achieve other actor's benefits and at the same time increase the benefits of society in general – it is therefore a winning move for social and natural environment at the same time. Industrial symbiosis networks are therefore a subject of multi-disciplinary research, most in the field of waste management, ecology, industrial ecology, logistics, supply chain management, and economy. The emphasis of this article is on embeddedness and role of socio-cultural factors in industrial symbiosis networks. It identifies the key socio-cultural factors and potential obstacles in the formation of an industrial symbiosis network and provides in-depth information on the study of its social milieu. Social actors, which are involved in industrial symbiosis networks, should be familiar with different socio-cultural, ecological and economic factors of industrial symbiosis networks in order to be able to recognize them. This knowledge would benefit social actors in terms of a good foundation for adopting decisions regarding their own performance within industrial symbiosis network, as well as conceptualize policies for its realization.


^k = Sm(n) = m j Sm.[(x)dx + (l m j Sm-l(x)dx\n. (1) k = 1 I worked it out some years ago, but I was then concentrating on computational efficiency, and, since it is not efficient, I just locked it in the drawer. I happened on it six months ago; I have browsed the literature and the web, but I have not been able to find anything similar. The formula is easy reading, allowing one to do without Bernoulli polynomials, binomial coefficients or the Riemann function, which are deeply connected to power sums, but looks odd to the eye of the unaccustomed. Moreover, it sheds light on the underlying geometrical structure; the constructions found at the end of the paper can be understood without integrals as well, and could be helpful for a calculus-free introduction to the subject. First of all let us have a refreshing bird's eye view of some 'standard' approaches to the problem of expanding Sm (n) as an explicit function of n and m. In its very essence, it consists in finding a polynomial


The study of accessions from Argentina may provide a valuable testimony on the origins of the different genetic resources and varieties which were sought and used to develop the vineyard of this country. 54 accessions introduced in the Vassal collection were analyzed using 20 microsatellite markers and ampelographic descriptors. Among them, 43 distinct varieties have been identified: 22 correspond to old traditional wine or table grape varieties from Europe and Middle East, 12 are probably varieties selected in Argentina or South America and are mostly descendants of Muscat of Alexandria and Mission, 4 are seedlings obtained in Italy, USA and Bulgaria, 2 are specific mutants and 3 are still currently original and of undetermined origin. These results highlight the links and help to trace the flows that have existed between the ancient world and Argentina. They are a particularly good example of the interest of the 2 traditional ways of multiplication which may exist for the vine, cuttings and seedlings. Some of these resources are now also highly original and rare and must be preserved.


Case reports of four patients, all Chinese, with Hb Q-H disease—also called Hb Q-α thalassemia—are presented. Three were siblings. Symptoms of chronic hemolytic anemia with jaundice and hepatosplenomegaly were present in all four subjects. The red blood cells were microcytic. Slight hypochromia was present in three of the cases. Poikilo- and anisocytosis with target cells and small intraerythrocytic crystals were found in the blood. Starch-gel electrophoresis revealed the presence of a large amount of Hb Q, a small amount of Hb H, and a minor slow-moving hemoglobin component with a mobility as much behind Hb A2 as Hb Q was behind Hb A. A small amount of Hb "Bart's" was probably also present. The minor slow-moving component was thought to represent Hb α2Qδ2A2 or Hb Q2. Hb A and Hb A2 were not seen except after recent blood transfusion. Study of hemoglobin polypeptide chains showed the presence of normal βA-chains and abnormal αQ-chains, without demonstrable αA-chains in the first three patients. In Patient #4 normal αA-chains were demonstrable only after recent blood transfusion. The mother of the three siblings was heterozygous for Hb A; the father had α-thalassemia trait.


To improve time efficiency for structured environment exploration of multi‐robot systems, a novel coordinated strategy based on predicate logic reasoning is proposed in this paper. The strategy assigns the room with maximal utility to the robot with the optimal exploring property, and realizes cooperative exploration by considering the room capacity. A set of predicate logic reasoning formulas is established to implement the coordination. The coordination takes into account robot performance and environment property and is conducted in a distributed manner. In addition, to save computing and storage resources, a triple set named as task information was proposed instead of traditional unfinished job list for environment information sharing among robots. The results are validated by computer simulations for two simulated office like environments.


In this paper, we derive Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) expressions for two-channel radar target delay-Doppler estimation with unknown transmit waveforms. We have access to these unknown waveforms only via the noisy reference measurements. Further, we assume that the waveform source transmits periodic pulses as is common for most pulsed radar illuminators. Recent CRLB literature for radar has focussed on specific types of illuminators and derived the CRLB assuming these specific transmitted waveforms are known and incorporating them directly into the measurement model. Further, some papers while assuming the waveform itself to be unknown, make simplifying statistical assumptions on the waveforms or the waveform structure. Contrary to this, we compute a more general result that is not restricted to any specific waveform and we also include the noisy reference channel measurements in our derivation of the CRLB to obtain a more accurate performance analysis. The only assumption we make is on the periodicity of the transmit signal, which is true in practice.


ISO 9613 specifies a method for calculating the attenuation of outdoor sound propagation, which has been recognized and accepted by various regulatory authorities. As this method has been implemented in most  advanced software packages, such as Cadna/A and SoundPLAN, this makes it feasible for predicting and resolving noise problems in a complex environment or the noise assessment of a large facility. However, an important decision to be taken is on how to model each noise source, in particular, deciding which situation the distribution of the individual component noise sources associated with a complex facility will affect the pattern of the noise field that emanates from it. ISO 9613 guides that line and area sources may be divided into sections, each represented by a point source at its center. However, this may only ensure the calculation accuracy at some distance from the single equivalent point source. Hence, a large segmentation of the sources is required to precisely calculate the noise level at the near field from line and area sources, which may increase calculation burden and may be only required in the near field.  This paper will focus on comparing results between predicted and measured noise levels, overall and in octave-bands, which prove the validity of the proposed calculation method. Then, the validated model will be used to investigate the applicability and accuracy in the environmental noise prediction. The distance criteria for the point source method can be effectively applied for predicting and resolving noise problems in a complex environment for outdoor noise prediction and also for field measurement.


Abstract Two studies of microburst forecasting were conducted in order to demonstrate the utility of applying theoretical and methodological concepts from judgment and decision making to meteorology. A hierarchical model of the judgment process is outlined in which a precursor identification phase is separated from the prediction phase. In the first study, forecasters were provided with specific, unambiguous precursor values and were asked to provide judgments regarding the probability of a microburst. Results indicated that the meteorologists' forecast were adequately predicted by a linear model. Modest agreement was observed among the forecasters' judgments. In the second study, forecasters viewed storms under dynamic conditions representative of their usual operational setting. They made judgments regarding precursor values, as well as of the probability of a microburst occurring. The forecasters' agreement regarding microburst predictions was found to be lower than in the first study. Surprisingly, ag...


In a literary narrative, how can an author capture the interest of the reader right from the beginning? There are several techniques that Creative Writing as an a area of studies gathered based upon the careful analysis of a great diversity of quality texts. In this essay, my main goal is to describe, exemplify with excerpts from Portuguese and foreign literary works, comment and interrogate the use of those strategies that make the difference between a good and a bad first paragraph.


Environmental Controls of Foliar Respiration in Arctic Tundra Plants Mary A. Heskel The Arctic is warming at rapid, unprecedented rates, causing cascading ecological and environmental changes that threaten to destabilize the vast amounts of carbon stored in the vegetation and soils of the tundra. Foliar gas exchange, which is responsible for the initial fixation of carbon, is likely to respond to warming and associated environmental change in tundra plants, though the direction and degree of these responses are not well studied. This dissertation aims to quantify multiple cellular and leaf-level processes underlying carbon cycling in tundra plants, and to address the responses of these processes to abiotic and biotic effects of warming in the Arctic. To assess the impact of environmental change on foliar gas exchange physiology of tundra plants, a series of empirical studies were conducted on common and abundant plant species located near Toolik Lake, on the North Slope of Alaska. Long-term manipulated treatment plots that simulate the effects of climate change in this region, including elevated growth temperature and increased soil nutrient availability, served as the research setting for multiple experiments that addressed the response of variables such as foliar photosynthesis, respiration, photorespiration, mitochondria and chloroplast size and density, and physical leaf traits. Due to the extreme photoperiod experienced by arctic vegetation, respiration in the light (estimated using the Kok method) was quantified in addition to dark respiration for a more accurate depiction of plant carbon fluxes.


Reputation and ethical behaviour in a crisis: predicting survival This paper explores the inter-relation of reputation with corporate performance in a crisis and considers the factors that make up the balance between strong recovery, bare survival and failure. The emphasis is on corporate communication and corporate governance. The current debate on reputation and the validity of the term reputation management is reviewed and cases studies from Australia and the UK are examined. The paper finds that, in the case studies, poor management, unethical practices, a lack of engagement with customers and other stakeholders, indifferent or aggressive performances by CEOs and lack of preparedness for crisis communication severely or terminally affected the organisations. It identifies a new reputational factor of predictability It considers why some organisations survive a crisis which has negative strong ethical dimensions while others fail. Although, for instance, a national need for an organisation to continue was seen as a probable factor for survival, the case studies showed that this was not the case – AWB International survived until recently as Australia's sole international grain trader, despite wellrecorded unethical and corrupt practices in trade with Iraq, but Ansett Airlines failed despite being one of the two major airlines in a country whose transport policy enforced competition. There was a similar situation with car manufacturer Rover in the UK, which had high levels of government financial and policy support and regional backing. This paper scrutinises existing concepts of reputation and reputation management and finds that they are not able to predict recovery, survival or failure of organisations. A new definition of reputation is put forward and the factor of predictability is emphasised in proposals for new applied theory.


Zinc finger MYND domain-containing protein 10 (440 aa, kDa) is encoded by the human ZMYND10 gene. This protein plays a role ciliary


The hydrodynamic by MHD driving force and ionic transport characteristics of an electrolytic solution in a small-scale electrodialysis process are taken into account in this new approach. A three-Dimensional modeling and simulation of coupling Magnetohydrodynamic-Ionic transport are carried out. The numerical values and the effects of applied voltage and magnetic induction on the fluid velocity and ionic concentration of species present in the solution are displayed graphically. The results show that a high decrease of ion concentration is achieved and suggest that the proposed model which has no moving parts can be practically implemented.


Background: The 1-year POET trial compared tiotropium to salmeterol regarding the effect on COPD exacerbations. Data from that trial informed this cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA). Aim: Performing a 1-year trial-based CEA of tiotropium versus salmeterol, followed by a 5-year model-based CEA, from the perspective of the German Social Health Insurance in 2010. Methods: The within-trial CEA included 7250 patients that had resource utilization recorded (COPD-related drug use and exacerbation-related healthcare use). The trial-based analysis was followed by a model-based analysis to synthesize the POET results with evidence from earlier studies, extrapolate results to 5-years, include costs of COPD maintenance treatment, and adapt to the severity distribution of COPD in the German population. Main endpoints were difference in costs, number of exacerbations, and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs; model only). Results: One-year costs were €1089 and €963 per patient treated with tiotropium and salmeterol, respectively; a difference of €126 Euro (95% uncertainty interval (UI): 55-195). The number of exacerbations avoided due to tiotropium was 0.064 (95% UI: 0.010-0.118). Tiotropium reduced exacerbation-related costs by €87 (95% UI: 19-157). The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was €1961/exacerbation avoided. In the model-based analyses, the ICERs for a 1-year time horizon were €1690 and € 9926 for the endpoints exacerbation avoided and QALY, respectively. Following the extension to 5 years, the latter ICER changed to €3488. Conclusion: Tiotropium reduced exacerbation-related costs, generating an incremental cost per QALY ratio that is considered cost-effective.


Molecular probe arrays printed on solid surfaces such as DNA, peptide, and protein microarrays are widely used in chemical and biomedical applications especially genomic and proteomic studies (Pollack et al 1999 Nat. Genet. 23 41–6, Houseman et al 2002 Nat. Biotechnol. 20 270–4, Sauer et al 2005 Nat. Rev. Genet. 6 465–76) as well as surface imaging and spectroscopy (Mori et al 2008 Anal. Biochem. 375 223–31, Liu et al 2006 Nat. Nanotechnol. 1 47–52, Liu 2010 IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 16 662–71). Unfortunately the printed molecular spots on solid surfaces often suffer low distribution uniformity due to the lingering 'coffee stain' (Deegan et al 1997 Nature 389 827–9) problem of molecular accumulations and blotches, especially around the edge of deposition spots caused by solvent evaporation and convection processes. Here we present, without any surface chemistry modification, a unique solid surface of high-aspect-ratio silver-coated silicon nanocone arrays that allows highly uniform molecular deposition and thus subsequent uniform optical imaging and spectroscopic molecular detection. Both fluorescent Rhodamine dye molecules and unlabeled oligopeptides are printed on the metallic nanocone photonic substrate surface as circular spot arrays. In comparison with the printed results on ordinary glass slides and silver-coated glass slides, not only high printing density but uniform molecular distribution in every deposited spot is achieved. The high-uniformity and repeatability of molecular depositions on the 'coffee stain'-free nanocone surface is confirmed by laser scanning fluorescence imaging and surface enhanced Raman imaging experiments. The physical mechanism for the uniform molecular deposition is attributed to the superhydrophobicity and localized pinned liquid–solid–air interface on the silver-coated silicon nanocone surface. The unique surface properties of the presented nanocone surface enabled high-density, high-uniformity probe spotting beneficial for genomic and proteomic microarrays and surface molecular imaging.


In this article, He's variational iteration and Homotopy Perturbation methods are modified by adding a perturbation term to the resulting system of first integro-differential equation obtained after reducing higher order Fredholm-Volterra integro-differential equations. The resulting revealed that both methods, are very effective and simple. We also observed that the higher the values of n (the degree of approximant), the closer the approximate solutions obtained to the exact solutions. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the applications of the methods.


At present, with the arrival of the information age, the era of big data and artificial intelligence gradually set foot on the stage of history. With the development of the Internet of Things and the arrival of the era of big data, enterprises have been equipped with the ability to master and process large amounts of data. In the context of big data environment, by analyzing the relationship between big data and the six modules of human resource management, and combining with the workplace changes in the epidemic era in the future, some guidance is given to telecommuting.


A study of the equilibrium and dynamic adsorption properties of octaethylene glycol n-decyl ether (C10E8) has been done by using different tensiometric techniques. The adsorption isotherms have been characterized in the range from 15 to 35 °C at both water−air and water−hexane interfaces. In the same temperature range, the partition coefficient in the water−hexane system has been measured, and this allows the estimation of the standard enthalpy of transfer for C10E8. Moreover, the adsorption kinetics at a water−hexane interface has been studied by a capillary-pressure tensiometer. The results indicate that the adsorption properties, at both water−air and water−hexane interfaces, can effectively be described in the framework of a model in which the possibility of different orientations for the adsorbed molecules is considered. This is also in agreement with the results of the adsorption-kinetics experiments at the water−hexane interface, which cannot be described by a diffusion-controlled model with a Lang...


ASSESSMENT OF THE PRADHAN MANTRI FASAL
BIMA YOJNA (PMFBY) WITH REFERENCE TO
SATISFACTION AMONG THE RICE GROWERS IN
MAHASAMUND DISTRICT OF CHHATTISGARH


In the paper, a biochemical sensor based on surface plasmon resonance technology in heterodyne interferometry is proposed. The biochemical sensor is designed as an elongated prism that is made of BK7 glass. The two-sides of the elongated prism was coated with 2nm Ti-film and 45.5nm Au-film. On the basis of surface plasma resonance principles, the proposed biochemical sensor capitalizes on the adhesion activity between test fluids and metal films. Attenuated total reflection occurs when light permeates metal films, resulting in the phase variation. Thus, the fluid properties can be determined by measuring the phase of the exit light. Because adding chemicals or agents to the proposed biosensor is unnecessary, the properties of the measured sample are unaffected during measurements. With the biochemical sensor, the refractive index of the tested medium can be obtained only by measuring the phase difference between the p-and s-polarization lights due to the multiple attenuated total-internal reflections (MATRs) effect. The photoelectric biosensor has a sensitivity of up to $2.6\times 10^{4}$ degree/refractive index. Besides, the best resolution of the sensor can reach $3.8\times 10^{-7}$ refractive index unit (RIU). It also features several advantages such as instantaneous measurement, high sensitivity, simple experimental architecture, and low cost.


Objective  To demonstrate the feasibility, acceptability and cost of home‐based HIV testing and to examine the applicability of the model to high HIV prevalence settings.


Abstract Background: Lumbar Disc Prolapse (LDP) represents less than 5% of all low back problems. Most of cases treated with conservative management. Surgery is needed in only 10% of cases. We will evaluate the need for hardware fixation after double consecutive lumbar discectomies. Aim of Study: Our study aims to answer the question of whether decompression-only surgery is sufficient for patients with double consecutive lumbar disc prolapse or they neces-sarily require spinal fixation and fusion. Patients and Methods: Our work was conducted on 30 patients with double consecutive LDP from January, 2016 to December, 2017 at Fayoum University Hospital. Double consecutive lumbar discectomy was done in all patients. Regular follow-up was done up to 6 months. Results: All cases had no instability 6 months after surgery. Four patients experienced mechanical low back pain 3 months postoperatively. MR images revealed facet joint arthropathy in two cases improved by medical treatment and the others required facet joint injection. Conclusion: Double consecutive lumbar discectomy is not considered a risk of instability but larger studies might be needed.


The Nienburger Glas batch and cullet preheating process is one method of reducing energy consumption and emissions of CO 2 and NO x . The system is currently in operation at Strahlauer Glas GmbH in Neuenhagen and Gerresheimer Glas GmbH in Dusseldorf. This article looks at how the process is working.


ABSTRACT
Objective: The present study aimed to determine the distal mesio dimensions of the homologous upper lateral incisors in adolescents with malocclusion in Piura. Material and Methods: Descriptive, cross - sectional and comparative research was carried out in a sample of 196 study models of adolescents of both genders between 13 and 16 years. To measure the teeth, a Stanley Electronic Digital Calibrator of ± 0.02 mm of USA precision was used. Statistical analysis was performed using Student's t-test, with a significance level of p 0.05. Results: It was observed that the average distal mesio dimensions of the right lateral incisors were 7.1662 millimeters and of the left lateral ones 7.1555 millimeters. Conclusions: It is concluded that in the upper arch; the mesiodistal diameters of the right lateral incisors are greater than the lateral incisors in its average measure without statistical significance.


Bureaucracy at governance sector include wide range duty area, complex and entangle big scale organization structure with much number of personnel to execute management of state, governance, including public service and development, hence required by ability of professional apparatus in giving good service, fair and have responsibility as according to duty and his/her function as organizer of governance, serve state and serve society. Target of this research is to describe and to analyses professionalism of bureaucracy government officer seen from aspect of responsiveness, innovation, accountabilities, competency and skill and also supporter factors and professionalism barrier of bureaucracy government officer in district of Kintamani, sub-province of Bangli. Analyses method of this research qualitative is using interactive analyses model of Miles and Hiberman. With steps: (a) reduce data; (b) presentation of data; and withdrawal of conclusion/ verification. besides, to identify and analyze to things that becoming impeller factor and resistor factor, researcher use analysis strength of field or force field analysis (FFA) developed by Kurt Lewin ( 1951). Result of discussion of this research, indicating that bureaucracy government officer professionalism in district of Kintamani, sub-province of Bangli is still lower relative and require to be improved. Not yet all given service type can be done professionally and can gratify society as service user of service, still some of service of public capable to be carried out professionally is, responsive, accountable, innovative, competency and skill.


In designing effective electromagnetic forming systems, more knowledge on the mutual induction between forming coils and workpieces and on resulting magnetic force are required. Coupling coefficient kc between a spiral flat work coil of 15 turns and different specimens of circular plates in an electromagnetic forming machine is evaluated based on the measurement of effective coil inductance. kc at different circuit frequencies is obtained and shown as a function of the ratio of the thickness of the specimen to the skin depth, h0/δs. If h0/δs is greater than 0.5, kc is about 0.92. Impulses of an electromagnetic force defined by the time integral of the force are measured by accelerating specimens. The impulse depends on the conductivity and the thickness of the specimen. The surface density of a specimen also plays a significant role when kinematic energy gained by the specimen is concerned. It is shown that a frequency range to maximize the impulse at constant initial energy stored in a capacitor bank exists between h0/δs=0.3∼0.8.


Introduction: The meaning and objective of caring is to alleviate suffering. In spite of this fact patients sometimes perceive the provided care as a source of suffering. Care that causes suffering has many forms, ranging from all forms of omission or neglecting the patient and ending with (ab)using the caretaker's power, ultimately resulting in threatening patient's life and health and violation of his/her human dignity. Objective: The aim of this study is to outline the concept of suffering related to nursing care. Method: A bibliographic survey focused on the phenomenon of suffering related to care. Results: Suffering related to care (uncaring) arises due to healthcare actions that neglect the holistic and patient-centred approach to care. Inspired by D. J. Riemen, S. Halldorsdottir constructed a theory of caring and uncaring encounters in nursing and health care. Conclusion: Suffering related to care exists but is not inevitable. Reflection on this phenomenon can contribute to changes in the healthcare personnel's behaviour and attitudes.


In the debate on global imbalances, the euro area countries received increasing attention since the outbreak of the financial crisis. While the current account is on balance for the entire area, divergences between individual member states have increased since the introduction of the common currency and are part of the excessive imbalances procedure. This paper explores the determinants of the imbalances by using panel-econometric techniques. The analysis shows that a lack in competitiveness is the main explanation for the external deficits of the countries that are at the heart of the euro area debt crisis. As a deterioration of competitiveness is not feasible for the surplus countries, an asymmetric response is required to reduce the imbalances.


The aim of present paper is to introduce and characterise some higher separation axioms in soft Cech closure spaces. Mathematics Subject Classication: 54A05, 54B05, 54D10


Let $\Omega$ be an open subset of $\mathbb{R}^N.$ We identify various classes of Young functions $\Phi,\,\Psi$, and weight functions $g\in L^1_\text{loc}(\Omega)$ so that the following generalized weighted Sobolev inequality holds: \begin{equation*}\label{ineq:Orlicz} \Psi^{-1}\left(\int_{\Omega}|g(x)|\Psi( |u(x)| )dx \right)\leq C\Phi^{-1}\left(\int_{\Omega}\Phi(|\nabla u(x)|) dx \right),\,\,\,\forall\,u\in \mathcal{C}^1_c(\Omega), \end{equation*} for some $C>0$. As an application, we study the existence of non-negative solutions for certain nonlinear weighted eigenvalue problems.


Task scheduling problems are of paramount importance which relate to the efficiency of the whole cloud computing facilities. In Hadoop, the open-source implementation of MapReduce, scheduling policies, such as FIFO or delay scheduling in FAIR scheduler is used by the master node to distribute waiting tasks to computing nodes (slaves) in response to the status messages of these nodes it receives. Although delay scheduling policy has claimed to improve the throughput and response times by a factor of 2 compared to FIFO policy, it can still achieve more improvement by considering a holistic view of all the tasks waiting to be processed. Therefore, this paper proposes a new scheduler which makes a scheduling decision by evaluating the entire group of tasks in the job queue. A genetic algorithm is designed as the optimization method for the new scheduler. The preliminary simulation results show that our scheduler can get a shorter make span for jobs than FIFO and delay scheduling policies and achieve a better balanced load across all the nodes in the cloud.


The amounts of substrate inorganic nitrogen( SIN) in four seasons in a full-scale constructed wetland in southeastern China are attempted to measure to investigate the effects of plant composition and diversity( i. e.,plant species richness and functional group richness) on seasonal dynamics of SIN. ANOVA analysis in this study showed that plant diversity had no significant effects on SIN in the four seasons,while plant compositions had very significant effects. Therefore,plant composition in general explained much more about the measured nutrient cycling processes than did plant diversity in high nutrient supply in the full-scale constructed wetland. Meanwhile, all treatments had highest inorganic nitrogen pool sizes [7. 64 ± 1. 40( mean ± S. E.) mg·kg1]in July( Summer,the plants grow fastest in the four seasons),and their lowest pool sizes [2. 74 ± 0. 18( mean ± S. E.) mg· kg1]in April( Spring,when the plants began to grow),indicating the seasonal dynamic rules of SIN were very consistent with plant growth cycle.


Cisplatin (CDDP)-induced ototoxicity is one of the common adverse effects of cisplatin chemotherapy. Thus far, effective approaches for attenuating hearing loss are unavailable in clinical practice. Mitochondrial biogenesis acts as a master element of mitochondrial health and is necessary for mitochondrial quality control. The current study examined whether mitochondrial biogenesis is involved in CDDP-induced ototoxicity. Herein, we showed that CDDP damaged mitochondrial function and caused death of House Ear Institute- Organ of Corti 1 (HEI-OC1) cells by impairing mitochondrial biogenesis. Moreover, overexpression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α, a key factor in mitochondrial biogenesis, promoted mitochondrial biogenesis in HEI-OC1 cells and protected them against CDDP-induced cytotoxicity. These findings suggest that mitochondrial biogenesis is involved in the pathology of CDDP cytotoxicity of HEI-OC1 cells, and activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α can be considered a potential therapeutic strategy to attenuate CDDP-mediated ototoxicity.

Key words:
PGC-1α; cisplatin; mitochondrial biogenesis; survival; cell death; ZLN005; therapy; HEI-OC1 cells


The tropical cyclone induced concentric gravity waves (CGWs) are capable of propagating upward from convective sources in the troposphere to the upper atmosphere and creating concentric traveling ionosphere disturbances (CTIDs). To examine the CGWs propagation, we implement tropical cyclone induced CGWs into the lower boundary of Global Ionosphere–Thermosphere Model with local-grid refinement (GITM-R). GITM-R is a three-dimensional non-hydrostatic general circulation model for the upper atmosphere with the local-grid refinement module to enhance the resolution at the location of interest. In this study, we simulate CGWs induced by typhoon Meranti in 2016. Information of the TC shape and moving trails is obtained from the TC best-track dataset and the gravity wave patterns are specified at the lower boundary of GITM-R (100 km altitude). The horizontal wavelength and phase speed of wave perturbation at the lower boundary are specified to be consistent with the TEC observations. The simulation results reveal a clear evolution of CTIDs, which shows reasonable agreement with the GPS-TEC observations. To further examine the dependence of the CTIDs on the wavelength and frequency of the gravity wave perturbation at the lower boundary, different waveforms have been tested as well. The magnitude of CTIDs has a negative correlation with the period, but a positive correlation with the wavelength when the horizontal phase velocities are sufficiently fast against the critical- level absorption.


On behalf of Meaningful Play 2010 conference chair Brian Winn, fellow co-chair Alex Games, and myself, we are grateful to the International Journal of Games and Computer-Mediated Simulations for this opportunity to share five compelling research articles based on the five top conference papers as determined by peer review. The biannual Meaningful Play conference, hosted by the Michigan State University GEL Lab (games for entertainment and learning), is a conference about theory, research, and game design innovations, principles and practices. Meaningful Play brings scholars and industry professionals together to understand and improve upon games to entertain, inform, educate, and persuade in meaningful ways. In this special issue, Crespo et al. report on their qualitative and quantitative comparisons of math learning effects of children's interactions with multiple media (games, web, and public television). Cummings and Ross study and offer game design advice about creating choice experiences in which options can be assessed and compared through clear metrics and attributes supported by social systems. My colleagues and I compare commitment, performance, challenge, and affect when serious games are assigned rather than self-selected by the players, and therefore face a much less enthusiastic, more diverse player audience than entertainment games due to the lack of the players' ability to choose which game to play. Mitgutsch develops new understandings of how today's generation experiences deep and meaningful learning in their playful biographies. Murphy and Zagal examine ethical frameworks and experiences offered by videogames; comparing the effectiveness of learning through multiple media, including games. In keeping with the conference focus on both academia and the game industry's interests in meaningful play, we include in this IJGCMS special issue a research essay that is the edited transcript of an outstanding industry keynote (and call for infrastructure to move serious games to the next level) by the founder of serious games, Ben Sawyer. The full conference program and extended abstracts are available at the conference web site (http://meaningfulplay. msu.edu). Digital videos of the academic keynotes (James Gee, Constance Steinkeuhler, and Katherine Isbister) and industry keynotes (Ben Sawyer, Robin Hunicke, and Helle Winding) are also online.


Fibre metal laminates (FMLs) are hybrid materials based on stacked arrangements of several thin metal layers bonded with layers of a fibre-reinforced composite material. They offer high strength and stiffness to weight ratio, and excellent fatigue resistance when compared to monolithic aluminium. In this paper a robust and computationally efficient predictive model which can capture the dynamic non-linear behaviour of FMLs using the finite element code Abaqus/Explicit is presented. Numerical predictions are in good agreement with experimental data on the back face-displacement and postdamage observations.


Hawai'i Chronicles III looks at the impact of the war on the people of Hawai'i from 1938, when speculation of a Pacific War first surfaced, to the era of post-war prosperity that followed. Editor Bob Dye has selected articles that originally appeared in the popular monthly magazine Paradise of the Pacific (now known as Honolulu Magazine).


"Il trovatore," the middle opera of Verdi's famous "trilogy" of the 1850s (with "Rigoletto" and "La traviata"), is the sixth work to be published in "The Works of Giuseppe Verdi." Based on Verdi's autograph score and an examination of important secondary sources including contemporary manuscript copies and performing parts, the edition identifies and resolves numerous ambiguities of harmony, melodic detail, text, and phrasing that have marred previous scores. Scholars and performers alike will find a wealth of information in the critical apparatus to inform their research and interpretations. The lengthy introduction to the score discusses the work's genesis, sources, and performance history as well as issues of instrumental and vocal performance practice, production and staging, and problems of notation. As an added feature of the introduction is an original study by Carlos Matteo Mossa of the creation of the libretto, based on the original draft and numerous other autograph documents.


This research sets out to understand the impact of Health Information Systems (HIS) on Individuals, Organisations and Society. Using a hermeneutic approach, literature in the field of Health, Public Health, and Public HIS was examined. Case studies of HIS implementations in Southern Africa were analysed and the traits that contributed to a positive impact labelled as Vitalistic, and those that didn't, as Sapping. In order to understand the Public Health System (PHS) in SA, and why such Systems have the effect that they do, the theory of Transactional Analysis (TA) was used. TA was applied in analysing the PHS as a living system, with a mind and body. By examining the mind of the PHS, a number of Pastimes, Power Plays and Games were identified in which the System is engaged in, in order for individuals to gain recognition, status, power over others, or acknowledgement of their existence. These actions are engaged in by the organisation to relieve a sense of insecurity or feelings of inferiority and to make up for a lack of intimacy, recognition or scarcity of resources. The resultant effect is that it saps or drains the organisation of its essential lifeblood and leaves little room for impacting positively on the organisation, the individual and society. To reduce such sapping behaviour, it becomes important for the individual healthcare recipient to develop their responsibility for their own healing experience, and for the system to develop its capacity for fun and creativity. Mechanisms that can be used to encourage this are; more community involvement, structuring of interactions with clients, the provisioning of self-help capabilities, the adornment of public facilities and the introduction of fun technologies such as imaging, touch-screens, and digital pens. It is important, however, that these initiatives do not merely become instruments for manipulation, but that they encourage autonomy. In order to ensure a positive result, the DNA of the host organisation needs to be matched based on their pathology or Games. This is the first time that TA has been applied in such a way to understand the PHS, and the insights gained may benefit other Developing Countries or PHS that are struggling to make a positive impact on the organisation, individuals and society.


Speech synthesis is the artificial production of human speech. A Text-To-Speech (TTS) system converts normal language text into speech automatically. The main application of Tamil TTS is aid to vocally handicapped guys. In this paper, we present a Dravidian - Tamil text-to-speech system based on the concatenative synthesis approach. Concatenative speech synthesis involves the concatenation of the basic units to synthesize an intelligent, natural sounding speech. The database consisting of the units along with their annotated information is called as the annotated speech corpus. Here, the entered text file analyzed first, syllabication is performed based on the syllabification rules and the syllables are stored separately. Then the corresponding speech file for the syllables are retrieved, concatenated and the silence present in the concatenated speech is removed and the synthesized speech is produced with good quality. Finally, the Smoothening with Optimal Coupling technique is applied for smooth the transition between concatenated speech segments in order to produce continuous output and the system resembles natural human voice. The most important qualities of a synthesized speech are naturalness and intelligibility.


According to the engineering example for the high-rise buildings,the paper analyzes the settlement difference caused by the reduction the settlement joint between high-rise buildings and skirt buildings with post-poured band,introduces the design methods of the transfer story,undertakes the structural calculation analysis,and concludes some instructive conclusion.


Most schools close their campus for the safety of students and teachers under COVID-19 epidemic. Online teaching is used in most schools and universities widely in spring term 2020. This paper studies on the online teaching method and results in online teaching of high frequency circuit, which is useful for online teaching of electronic engineering. In the online class, we use the discussion as the main method instead of the lecture. Students study the course contents before class. Most students are satisfied with the online teaching method. This online teaching method should be applied in other courses teaching in online university education.


"place-making" (116) but, in light of the economic and domestic obligations of the local women, could not resolve the asymmetry between them and the full-time artists, even if the latter included black women such as Chuma Sopotela who spoke Xhosa alongside English. In contrast, MTP's work with the Langeberg Youth Arts Project (LYAP), led most recently by multilingual director-therapist Makgathi Mokwena, took account of the ethics of intervention as well as the aesthetic dimension of "curating care" (180). Her success in training and inspiring disconnected rural youth to express themselves with confidence and to find and keep remunerative and dignified employment beyond farm labor was confirmed by participants who credit their achievement to the skills that they learned (113). LYAP members share thoughts in their own words on the website at https://www.mothertongue .co.za/, but the editors could have highlighted this resource by adding the URL to the introduction and the cover of the book. The editors acknowledge the difficulties affecting the work of art and social action by dedicating their book to a LYAP member who died in his twenties. The conversations in the book provide ample testimony of the social and artistic force of participatory dramaturgy for sustaining democratic action in South Africa and should also speak to readers interested in the art and the application of curating care at other locations in the Global—and glocal—South.


The clothes hanger is one of the household products which is used as a supporting tool to hang clothes. In general, people use clothes hangers to dry the clothes, hang clothes in a cupboard, or display the clothes in a clothing store. One of the varieties of clothes hanger which is already known is hack clothes hanger. This product has become the designer's interest. The process of designing the hack clothes hanger involves searching for supporting data, analyzing the data, discovering ideas, designing concepts, making a prototype, evaluating and testing products, and determining the materials prior to the production process and finishing the product. The design of the stack clothes hanger consists of 1 hook, which has six spaces to hang the hanger. Each part has 3 hooks space arranged from top to bottom and it is fused by adding several layers as an organizer or additional place to hang complementary clothes, such as veil, scarf, ties, etc. The total of hooks placed at the bottom is 6 layers. Furthermore, there are 6 hanger arms which can be used to hang men's and women's clothes, such as Kebaya, Robe, Shirt, Suit, T-shirt, and various types of pants. PVC solid board was chosen as a material to make the prototype products of stack clothes hanger design.


Future space manipulators will be required to perform complex tasks in space. These manipulators will encounter a number of kinematic, dynamic, and control problems caused by the dynamic coupling between the manipulator and its spacecraft. This paper introduces a new analytical modeling method for space manipulators which is conceptually simple. By means of the new method, a control method for space manipulators based on the resolved motion accceleration control concept is developed. The proposed method is applicable in not only the system consisted of one manipulator but also the system consisted of multiple manipulators.


Abstract. We propose a method for solving the depth map super-resolution problem. Given a low-resolution depth map as input, we recover a high-resolution depth map using a registered and potentially high-resolution color image. We formulate the super-resolution process as a regularization and optimization framework. Specifically, taking into account that discontinuities in depth and color tend to coalign, we obtain the local and nonlocal regularization terms based on the raw depth map and also the features of high-resolution color images. Different from conventional methods, we model the relationship with two constraint terms of local and nonlocal priors to sufficiently explore the complementary nature. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach, which produces sharper edges and more faithful details compared with other state-of-the-art strategies.


This chapter continues the time frame of Chapter 8 through the first half of the twentieth century, an important period in which linguistics and phonetics gained their own identities. The editors and contributors of this volume have chosen to examine an area of study over two successive periods: the late nineteenth century and the first half of the twentieth century. This aims to show that a discipline may go through transformations, sometimes branching into new disciplines, and that methods and instruments of training contribute to the formation or consolidation of new disciplines. The first half of the twentieth century saw the breakaway of language sciences (linguistics and phonetics) from philology. Although language scholars usually received substantial training in philology, especially comparative philology (known as comparative grammar in France), they took up new methods in training the next generation. In the United States, the new instrument of training was fieldwork, adopted for unwritten American Indian languages. In Britain, it was phonetic transcription by ears and hands. The use of the kymograph in phonetic laboratories began in France and spread elsewhere. This chapter begins with Fang-Kuei Li, who was likely the first student to receive advance (or on-site) fieldwork training for doctoral work in language studies and who went on to become a pioneering linguist in China. It then compares the training of language scholars in Britain, France, and Germany. This comparison sheds light on the diversity of approaches to language studies and their training methods, and on the intellectual and technological realities conditioning the formation of linguistics and phonetics as autonomous disciplines.


One of the challenges of educating the next generation of computer scientists is to teach them to become team players, that are able to communicate and interact not only with different IT systems, but also with coworkers and customers with a non-it background. The "bachelor project" is a project based on team work and a close collaboration with selected industry partners. The authors hosted some of the teams since spring term 2014/15. In the paper at hand we explain and discuss this concept and evaluate its success based on students' evaluation and reports. Furthermore, the technology-stack that has been used by the teams is evaluated to understand how self-organized students in IT-related projects work. We will show that and why the bachelor is the most successful educational format in the perception of the students and how this positive results can be improved by the mentors.


This paper analyses the lubrication of the external meshed sliding tooth gear type speed reducer, and derives the formulas for calculation the oil film thickness between the sliding tooth and the waveshaped wheel. It lays the fundation for further studing the lubrication and working performance of this type speed reducer.


PHENYLBUTAZONE (Butazolidin) has been used for arthritis and rheumatic disorders since its description in Switzerland, in 1949. Complications resulting from this medication have been noted, including blood dyscrasias, abdominal pain, reactivation of peptic ulcers with bleeding, vertigo, skin eruptions, anorexia, edema due to retention of sodium and water, which has caused cardiac decompensation. In addition, jaundice, stomatitis, lymphadenopathy, malaise, and pruritus have been reported. The incidence of toxic effects runs as high as 40%. These effects usually occur early and necessitate the discontinuance of treatment. Deaths have been ascribed mainly to agranulocytosis and intestinal hemorrhage. A careful postmortem study of a fatal case by O'Brien and Storey 1 demonstrated three types of lesions: polyarteritis nodosa, hypersensitivity angiitis, and granulomatous lesions, with the latter two predominating. Their patient had developed water retention, leading to heart failure and sudden death after a few days of seeming clinical improvement. There was no


We study the interplay of disorder and interaction effects including bosonic degrees of freedom in the framework of a generic one-dimensional transport model, the Anderson-Edwards model. Using the density-matrix renormalization group technique, we extract the localization length and the renormalization of the Tomonaga Luttinger liquid parameter from the charge-structure factor by a elaborate sample-average finite-size scaling procedure. The properties of the Anderson localized state can be described in terms of scaling relations of the metallic phase without disorder. We analyze how disorder competes with the charge-density-wave correlations triggered by the bosons and give evidence that strong disorder will destroy the charge-ordered state.


A simultaneous recording of electrostatic (e.s.) field, low frequency (l.f.) field change, optical, 1MHz and 14MHz radiations from ground flashes in a tropical area was made on a multichannel magnetic tape recorder. The pre-predischarge radiation was identified at high frequencies without corresponding optical, e.s, or l.f, changes. No sudden field change was observed at the beginning of the B process and, in general, the e.s. field change during the leader process could not be divided into the B, I and L stages; but the 1MHz and 14MHz radiation components could be divided in this way in many cases. The charges brought down by tropical ground flashes were found to be of the same order of magnitude as in other areas. The charge height of the cell leading to the first stroke was estimated at 6km.


The theoretical part of diploma thesis deals with the issue of human resource planning, searching, recruitment and selection for the company, training and motivation of employee, describes an actual situation and unemployment of graduates on the Slovak labor market. Information is derived from available Czech, Slovak and English literature. The practical part describes and analyzes the current situation of cooperation company Continental Matador Rubber, s.r.o. Puchov with the schools. Subsequently is created a project to deepening cooperation with partner schools in finding employee for the future which is in the end of this paper subjected to timing, risk and cost analyzes. The main objective of the diploma thesis is to invite the college students to the competition for the the best automotive project and implement this contest in order to acquire technical orientation graduates into the business.


This research aimed is (1) to know and understand the nature of the management of tourism areas for the sake of welfare of indigenous peoples: (2) to find out the regulation concept ideally of the management of tourism areas for the indigeneous people's welfare. The research's result showed that the essence of the management of tourism areas is the preservation of natural resources in order to improve the welfare of indigenous peoples. In terms of the regulation concept of the management of tourism areas, it can be classified into three stages: the first stage (1961-1969), the second phase (1969-1998), and the third phase (1999 to now). The management of tourism itself was conducted not only by one party, but also cooperated by amongst tourism company, community, and government. Based on the research, the management of tourism in District Jayapura is managed only by the indigenous people. The implementation of the tourism's management was based on Community Based Tourism (CBT), which was the development of a tourist destination concept through the empowerment of local communities. Keywords: Tourism Management, Welfare Society.


New York Recording Laboratories Matrix Series Volume Three: The Rodeheaver, Marsh and 2000 Series. By Guido van Rijn and Alex van der Tuuk. Overveen, The Netherlands: Agram Blues Books, 2013. 257pp. Illustrated; artist and song indices. ISBN/EAN: 978-90-814715-5-8. 30 Euros ($37.97 at amazon.com) I have not seen the previous volumes in this series; Volume One dealt with the Grafton "L" series Paramounts and 1929 Gennett recordings issued by Paramount, whereas Volume Two covered Marsh Laboratories matrices in their 20000 series, once circulated in an unpublished, typewritten list prepared by Walter C. Allen and expanded by van Rijn and van der Tuuk. This volume continues the backwards progression of the series; two more are promised which would take us back to the founding of NYRL in either 1917 or 1918. So this third volume explores the historical middle-ground, from 1922 to 1929, which combines three different elements: an earlier Marsh series starting at 1025 that precedes the 20000s, Rodeheaver Record Company matrices that turn up on Paramount or its affiliated labels, and the NYRL 2000-2916 matrix series which clearly involves sessions in both Chicago and New York. However, it is unclear in many cases precisely where, as NYRL itself--the "Recording Laboratories" part of NYRL--was declared insolvent on 1 January 1926, and had already closed its doors months before. Nevertheless, the 2000 matrix series continues for about another two years, with a final clutch of them being made, in New York, in 1929. As some titles from the last session, by Charlie Poole, also appeared on QRS, perhaps the Long Island City based studio headed by former NYRL stalwart Art Satherley was responsible for them; some other New York masters were renumbered from Plaza and perhaps Emerson, though there's no mention of Emerson in this book that I could find. To paraphrase Winston Churchill, Paramount matrices in this period are "a riddle, wrapped in a mystery, inside an enigma." Max Vreede, to whom this volume is dedicated, was apparently the first to figure out the connection between Paramount and the Rodeheaver Record Company, which initially existed to service Homer Rodeheaver's own, exclusively sacred Rainbow Records label, based out of Winona Lake, Indiana. After a short, abortive attempt to establish a facility in New York, in early 1922 the Rodeheaver studio opened in Chicago under the direction of Homer Rodeheaver's brother, Yumbert. Marsh Laboratories was established by Orlando Marsh in Chicago, also in 1922, and he too had his own label from 1924, Autograph, famous among jazz collectors as the imprint that recorded the King Oliver/Jelly Roll Morton duets; Marsh was still active as an inventor and engineer in Chicago long after Paramount folded in 1932, though his labels had already gone dormant by that time. Van Rijn and van der Tuuk determine usefully that at least some of the Chicago recordings in the 2000 matrix series were made by the Brunswick studio there, which also did a brisk business in client-side recordings, as Ross Laird's Brunswick Records: A Discography of Recordings, 1916-1931, Volume 3 Chicago and Regional Sessions has shown. But Brunswick's permanent Chicago facility was not in place until early 1928, so we are left with all of these hundreds of Paramount sides for which your guess is as a good as mine as to when and where they were made. The one connecting thread to the Chicago-based firms, at least, is that they all pursued the client recording angle and it turns out that Paramount was one of the clients. That makes this series of discographies a little troublesome; how does one define "NYRL" exactly? It does refer most specifically to an actual, New York-based studio, but one that produced only a fraction--though a sizeable one--of the masters used by Paramount, not to mention other labels. …


This paper presents a control algorithm conceived to guide a robotic walking assistant along a planned path using electromechanical brakes. The device has been modelled as a Dubins' car, a wheeled vehicle that moves only forward in the plane and constrained by a lower bounded turning radius. In order to reduce the hardware requirements as much as possible, so as to reduce the costs, we work with limited sensory information, so the classic modulated braking guidance cannot be implemented. As a consequence, the vehicle has a very limited set fixed turning radius manoeuvres ruled by a hybrid controller based on three discrete states: go straight, turn right and turn left. Despite of these limitations and in order to ensure a gentle and natural convergence of the user to the planned path, the robot approaches the path with an orientation that depends on its position and that guarantees a continuous curvature of the tracked path. Results are validated using extensive simulations.


A modified set of governing differential equations for geophysical fluid flows is derived. All of the simulation fields are decomposed into a nominal large-scale background state and a small-scale perturbation from this background, and the new system is closed by the assumption that the perturbation is one-way coupled to the background. The decomposition method, termed the multi-scale localized perturbation method (MSLPM), is then applied to the governing equations of stratified fluid flows, implemented in OpenFOAM, and exercised in order to simulate the interaction of a vertically-varying background shear flow with an axisymmetric perturbation in a turbulent ocean environment. The results demonstrate that the MSLPM can be useful in visualizing the evolution of a perturbation within a complex background while retaining the complex physics that are associated with the original governing equations. The simulation setup may also be simplified under the MSLPM framework. Further applications of the MSLPM, especially to multi-scale simulations that encompass a large range of spatial and temporal scales, may be beneficial for researchers.


Herpes simplex virus in children is often diagnosed late or misdiagnosed, and children can experience visual loss due to complications or amblyopia.


Capital accumulation is the essence of production in capitalist society. Consequently, corporations are constantly driven and workers exhorted to increase productivity in the interest of raising profits. Economic slumps and recessions are used as reasons to argue that there is a productivity crisis and push for increasing productivity at the expense of wages, benefits and social programming, as we see with the post-2007 Great Recession. This essay discusses these trends, theoretical and ideological arguments, and the need for a socialist alternative to the never-ending push to increase productivity for capital accumulation at the expense of workers' rights and social welfare.

L'accumulation du capital est l'essence de la production dans les societes capitalistes. En consequence, les entreprises sont constamment obligees et les ouvriers constamment exhortes a augmenter leur productivite dans le but d'augmenter les profits. Les ralentissements de l'economie et les recessions sont utilises pour justifier l'argument qu'il y a une crise de productivite et pour pousser pour plus de productivite aux depens des salaires et des avantages associes et des programmes sociaux, comme nous le voyons avec la Grande Recession depuis 2007. Cet article analyse ces tendances, les arguments theoriques et ideologiques, et le besoin d'une alternative socialiste a la pression sans cesse renouvelee a l'augmentation de la productivite pour favoriser l'accumulation du capital aux depens des droits des travailleurs et des droits sociales.


Markedness Differential Hypothesis claims that the difficulty of second language acquisition is related to the degree of markedness of a certain language item. The analysis of the markedness features in syllables in Sichuan dialect can effectively predict the difficulties and the degree of the difficulties in the acquisition of English pronunciation so as to help English teachers and learners reduce the interference of their mother tongue and aquire correct pronunciation.


Objective To study the requirement to HIV/AIDS health education among college students,and to provide evidence for improving teaching modes,adjusting teaching contents and improving teaching quality.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 6 924 college students and 231 college teachers in April in 2004.Results The existent source was mainly from medium,but their anticipant source was from school education.They still took life skills as the most anticipant knowledge(69.3%),then were"how to prevent AIDS"(67.7%),"how to prevent STD"(61.6%) and "the transmission routes of HIV/AIDS"(54.7%).The most popular teaching methods were topic lecture(36.0%) and social practice activities(30.3%).The teaching contents that teachers reported in recent two years were the harm of drug(43.3%),non-transmission routes of HIV/AIDS(42.9%) and so on.Present modes in HIV/AIDS education were making propaganda and exhibition boards(42.9%) and providing learning materials(32.0%).The suitable teaching methods were expert lectures(67.1%),providing learning materials(58.0%) and specific course(55.0%).Teachers' knowledge was mainly from mass media,but less in expert lecture or consultation(42.4%) and college education.Conclusion There are differences between the contents and the students' demands.Life-skill-based health education should be implemented according to students' requirements,so as to enable them to cope with risk events and refuse risk behaviors.Meanwhile,college teachers should participate the training about AIDSprevention,especially on the aspects of teaching methods and the teaching skills.


Advance Reservation AR of resources in grid systems allows users to secure resources prior to executing their jobs. This is very important, specially for time critical and workflow applications. One major challenge for applications having interdependent tasks is to minimise the delay of execution of the whole application. In general, the problem of mapping a set of interdependent tasks on distributed services is a NP-complete problem. Thus, in practice, heuristics are most often used to schedule workflow applications in grid. We have exploited some important properties like slack time, critical path of workflow applications to provide a scheduling algorithm that reduces the average delay to complete execution of an application, increases the number of zero delayed applications and takes less average time to run. The system has been designed to support advance reservation of resources. Our proposed system is more fault tolerant and addresses this problem efficiently.


Some measurements were made on the total suspended particulate (PTS) and on the fraction PM 10 of dusts within some environments, in particular in cultural institutes such us the State Archives in Rome, Florence and Rimini. The aim is not only to highlight the alteration-degradation of the above-said dusts on the manufactures placed and kept there, but also to quantify the polluting substance that can be inhaled by any guest of the Archive during his or her normal working activity, respecting the limits defined by the law for human protection.


Fused deposition modelling 3D printers are a promising method to manufacture cold gas thruster nozzles for air bearing test facilities and similar robotics test platforms. This paper investigates the performance and feasibility of 3D printed cold gas thruster nozzles. Performance parameters included thrust and specific impulse. Various slicer settings, nozzle profiles and a range of thrust outputs were compared. It is concluded that the nozzles perform reasonably well when designed for thrusts in the range of 50 to 250 mN, where they achieve 60 to 90 % of their theoretical specific impulse. For nozzles which should output more than 250 mN of thrust it was found that friction causes significant losses, and other manufacturing technologies will likely perform better.


A new crystal of 4-fluoro-N-(2-methyl-5-((2-(p-tolyloxy)acetamido)methyl)pyrimi- din-4-yl)benzamide has been prepared at room temperature and characterized by 1H NMR, 13C- NMR, IR, MS, elemental analysis and X-ray single-crystal determination. The compound crystallizes in monoclinic, space group P21 /c with a = 17.226(5), b = 13.934(4), c = 17.262(5), μ= 92.180(5)°, V = 4140(2)3, Dc = 1.311 g/cm3, Z = 8, F(000) = 1712 and ??= 0.095 mm-1. The molecular packing in the crystal is the result of N–H···O hydrogen bonds.


Objective: To explore the dose-response relationship of a novel phospholipase A2 inhibitor in rat with acute hemorrhage necrotizing pancreatitis(AHNP).Methods: Sixty male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into five groups(n=12 for each group): sham operation group(SO group),acute hemorrhage necrotizing pancreatitis model group(AHNP group),and phospholipase A2 inhibitor pretreatment groups at different dosage(2.5,5,and 10 mg/kg).AHNP model was induced by retrograde infusion of 5 % sodium taurocholate(1 ml/kg) into the biliopancreatic duct.The rats of SO group and AHNP group were injected with 10%DMSO(2 ml/kg) by femoral vein 30 min before the operation.Phospholipase A2 inhibitor pretreatment groups were injected different dosage of a novel phospholipase A2 inhibitor instead of 10%DMSO.Rats were killed at 3 h and 12 h after operation.Blood samples were obtained for detecting serum amylase,alanine aminotransferase and creatinine.The samples of ascites were collected and measured.Pancreatic tissue samples were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for pancreatic histopathological evaluation.Results: The results of serum amylase,alanine aminotransferase,creatinine,ascites and pathologic score showed that they were significantly higher in AHNP group than those in SO group(P0.01),and were significantly lower in 5 and 10 mg/kg inhibitor pretreatment groups than those in AHNP group(P0.01) except the alanine aminotransferase in 5 mg/kg inhibitor pretreatment group,and there were no significantly difference between 2.5 mg/kg inhibitor group and AHNP group.All of the results except alanine aminotransferase and creatinine in 5 and 10 mg/kg inhibitor groups,which were not different from each other,were significantly higher than 2.5 mg/kg inhibitor group(P0.01).The results of alanine aminotransferase and creatinine in 10 mg/kg inhibitor group were significantly higher than those in 5 mg/kg group(P0.01).Conclusion: The novel phospholipase A2 inhibitor(5 mg/kg) administered intravenously was the optimal dosage for attenuating the severity of acute hemorrhage necrotizing pancreatitis induced by retrograde infusion sodium taurocholate.


This paper shows that the local electric field distribution near the nanostructure metallic surface is obtained by solving the Laplace equation, and furthermore, the configuration of CO molecules adsorbed on a Pt nanoparticle surface is obtained by using Monte Carlo simulation. It is found that the uneven local electric field distribution induced by the nanostructure surface can influence the configuration of carbon monoxide (CO) molecules by a force, which drags the adsorbates to the poles of the nanoparticles. This result, together with our results obtained before, may explain the experimental results that the nanostructure metallic surface can lead to abnormal phenomena such as anti-absorption infrared effects.


accurate master casts, final survey and design, education of the patient, insertion and maintenance of the dental prosthesis are a ll of equal importance. M outh preparation may encompass a ll fields of dentistry. The importance of modification of teeth by grinding and polishing, or cast restorations to harmo nize w ith the path of insertion of the denture, has been discussed. These modi fications should provide the partia l den ture w ith adequate support, stability and retention w ith in the physiological lim its of the supporting structures. M od ifica tions of the opposing occluding surfaces are indicated to aid in establishing proper occlusion. A removable partial denture made in accordance w ith these principles is not the forerunner of a complete den ture, but maintains oral tissues and health. 504 Security National Bank Building


Two new 300 MW sets have been built up in Harbin Thermal Power Co.,Ltd,the No.8 generator-transformer unit microcomputer protection,RCS-985 type,adopts a dual protection system,that is,duplex primary protection,duplex back-up protection and unwonted operation protection,which has many advantages,such as simple circuit,high reliability and easy maintenance in this configuration.


During the 19th century, overflow stepped spillways were selected frequently with nearly one third of dams built in USA equipped with a stepped cascade. More recently, the 1980s and 1990s were marked by a regain of interest for that type of spillway design. During the last two decades, a number of embankment dam spillways were designed with concrete overtopping protection shaped in a stepped fashion (Chanson, 2002; Chanson and Gonzalez, 2004; Chanson and Toombes, 2001). Although some overflow systems were made of timber cribs, sheet-piles, riprap gabions and reinforced earth, recent structures were designed with concrete slabs and formed concrete. During the 1990s, the construction of secondary stepped spillways for embankments accounted for nearly two-thirds of dam construction in USA (Ditchey and Campbell, 2000). The preferred construction method was roller compacted concrete overlays placed on the downstream slope. Most stepped spillway structures had flat horizontal steps, but some were equipped with devices to enhance energy dissipation. Some spillways had pooled steps with vertical walls (Sorpe dam, 1932) or rounded edges (Le Pont dam, 1882). Recently, Andre et al. (2001) suggested an alternation of pooled and flat steps for maximum energy dissipation. Peyras et al. (1992) demonstrated greater energy dissipation with inclined upward steps. Newer designs were introduced and tested in laboratory by adding baffle row or blocks at the downstream end of step, or by using turbulence manipulators (Andre et al., 2004; Chanson and Gonzalez, 2004). In the present study, detailed air-water flow measurements on 16deg. and 22deg. stepped slopes (h = 0.1 m) are re-analysed, and the rate of energy dissipation is presented. Results obtained in flat, smooth steps are compared with results corresponding to rough faced step chutes and chutes with added turbulence manipulators. The results yield new design guidelines that are especially applicable to embankment dam stepped chutes with bed slopes between 15deg. and 25deg..


The use of the integrated ion current technique for the analysis of biogenic amines and phenols as their 1-dimethylaminonaphthalene-5-sulphonyl (dansyl) derivatives is described, particularly as regards to the linearity and sensitivity of detection. The mono derivatized amines gave a linear response over the range 10−9 to 10−14 mol, with a few being detected in quantities as small as 5 × 10−15 mol. The bisdansyl derivatives have a lower sensitivity and the response is linear over a more restricted range, terminating at 10−13 mol. Deuterated analogues of some of the amines were prepared and the feasibility of their use as internal standards was investigated. In this way, the problems associated with quantitative biochemical analyses caused by losses during extractions, chromatographic separations and thermal decomposition in the mass spectrometer lon source are overcome. The differentiation of isomers of biogenic amines as their dansyl derivatives has been accomplished by fractional sublimation and by examination of differences in their fragmentation patterns.


Background: Right ventricular (RV) pacing restores ventricular systole in patients with atrioventricular (AV) block, yet recent studies have suggested that in patients with AV block and left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, RV pacing may exacerbate the progression to heart failure (HF). BLOCK HF is a prospective, multi‐center, randomized, double‐blind, controlled trial designed to determine whether patients with AV block, LV dysfunction (EF ≤ 50%), and mild to moderate HF (NYHA I‐III) who require pacing benefit from biventricular (BiV) pacing, compared with RV pacing alone.


Some practical problems encountered in the fabrication of hollow metallic waveguides for use at millimeter and optical frequencies are overcome in a structure compris ing a hollow glass tube surrounded by pairs of dielectric layers of prescribed refractive indices and thicknesses. An outer metallic layer is optional. In addition to resolving fabrication problems, the attenuation constant is reduced as the number of pairs of dielectric layers is increased. PATENTED JUN 897 3,583,786 W/EWVOAR A. A. J. M14ApCA7/7/ A1


With the benefits to major improvements in contrast media and ultrasound equipment,myocardial contrast echocardiography(MCE) has advanced rapidly.By quantifying myocardial blood flow at the tissue level,MCE can assess myocardial perfusion in both acute myocardial infarction and chronic ischemic heart disease.Microbubble velocity is a strong predictor of myocardial viability and recovery of function after reperfusion treatment.The developing field of MCE is moving from a safe and accurate diagnostic technique to a therapeutic technique.


Mr Neil maintained that the passage in Plato, Pliaedo 101 D, was genuine, and a necessary step in the argument. It was not easy, commonplace, or merely explanatory, as is the case with most interpolations. ix should bear the same meaning as «^o/«i'os above: avrijs T^S viroOecrcms l^erot ='holds fast to the concept itself,' i.e., will not go beyond it, e.g., calls a horse a horse, but refuses to place it under the wider concept of a quadruped. Such a position, closely resembling that held by the Cynics, was fatal to Plato's main argument in the Phaedo, which requires the interdependence of concepts. I t seems natural that Plato should mention the theory in passing, as he is about to reject it in 105 B—.


There are many theories of carcinogenesis arguing against the orthodox mutation theory, debating on such as "epigenetic alteration" that is inheritable and yet, theoretically, reversible. Our integrated theory describes that any extracellular, intracellular, or intranuclear stressors, mutagenic or not, can initiate a lengthy tumorigenesis to engender a benign or malignant tumor, but the aberrations directly establishing cellular immortality and autonomy may be epigenetic or genetic alterations in the genomic DNA. A neoplasm is considered a semi-new organism with autonomy; it therefore should have genetic mutations to be "new". We may be able to direct cancer cells towards differentiation as a remedy, because the extracellular milieu may control the phenotype of a cell and the tissue or organ made of the cell's progenies, and the cytoplasm of a cell may override the nucleus in the phenotypic control. However, the nucleus retains the capacity to manifest itself if allowed by the microenvironment, which then allows the already reversed cells to revert back to tumor cells again. Neoplasms are malignant if they bear epigenetic or genetic anomalies in mutator genes defined as those whose alterations allow or accelerate alterations to occur in other genes, whereas neoplasms are benign if they bear epigenetic or genetic aberrations only in non-mutator genes. It is imperative to identify the immediate tumor-causing cellular alterations defined as those directly responsible for immortality and autonomy, and for treatment purposes to identify the extracellular and intracellular factors that control the phenotype of cancer cells. Running title: Conflating non-mutation and mutation theories of cancer


Abstract The Hardy classes for functions of bounded argument rotation and their derivatives are determined. In addition, if , then growth conditions for an are obtained.


The author describes this book as a "morality tale." It is. And it is well told. Like most morality tales though, the author is sometimes so concerned about the moral of her story that she misses the point. But first we should consider what the story is about. As Ms. Paley tells it, she began teaching some fifteen or so years ago and at that time she held the view that the best way to deal with race was to pretend that the black child is white. "Se no color, hear no color, speak no color" was her motto. At the end of this fifteen years of experience (only the last five of which are central to the story Ms. Paley tells) she has come to the view that race is "a positive difference, and an interesting difference and a comfortable and natural difference. At least it could be so if . . . teachers learned to value differences more" (p. 138). The content of the book is a description of the classroom episodes and events that Ms. Paley thinks were critical to her as she reevaluated her views of the meaning of race in a pluralistic society and the significance of racial differences for teachers in public school classrooms. As a morality tale this is a good book. It is well written, entertaining and usually thoughtful. It is the kind of book that could be useful in undergraduate teacher education courses where emphasis is given to multicultural themes (as a supplement, not as a text). Ms. Paley's ability to reflect on and analyze her own actions and motives could serve as a useful example for teachers, whether novices or the more experienced. There are, however, a couple of points about the book that bother me, and I feel obliged to say something of these here. First, Mrs. Paley makes a great deal out of the fact that she is white and Jewish. She also confesses to carrying around "liberal baggage." Indeed, one of her theses is that her white-liberal background is one of the sources of her early naivete about the meaning of race (e.g., the idea that to be liberal is to be "color blind"), and that is is largely due to her experience as an "outsider" (i.e., as a Jew) that she was finally able to identify with black students to see that racial differences, like ethnic and religious differences, should be valued and a source of pride. She probably has something of a case here, but there is much more to it than she seems to think. I refer primarily to the fact that Ms. Paley is not only Jewish, but she was born and raised in an upper-middle class environment (her father is a physician), she attended school in a predominantly white neighborhood (I assume a suburb of Chicago), and her teaching experience is totally in middle class and upper middle class urban (suburban?) environments. In a word, Ms. Paley's life has been a culturally and economically sheltered one, or so it appears. Poverty and its effects seem to be very little on her mind, just as affluence and its effects are taken for granted. It is difficult for me to understand how economic, as JAMES D. RATHS—BOOK REVIEW EDITOR College of Education University of Illinois—Urbana


We report on the exchange bias between antiferromagnetic and ferroelectric hexagonal YMnO3 epitaxial thin films sandwiched between a metallic electrode (Pt) and a soft ferromagnetic layer (Py). Anisotropic magnetoresistance measurements are performed to monitor the presence of an exchange bias field. When the heterostructure is biased by an electric field, the exchange bias field is suppressed. We discuss the dependence of the observed effect on the amplitude and polarity of the electric field. Particular attention is devoted to the role of current leakage across the ferroelectric layer.


Vector space model is usually used to express text for text categorization. How to reduce the dimensionality of feature space is a very key problem for practical text classification. The classical decomposition algorithms are incapable of dealing with the high-dimensional and large-scale text categorization problems. In this paper an approach to improving the performance of text categorization is presented by using candid incremental principal component analysis and sequential minimization optimization algorithm. The experimental result shows that the proposed method for Chinese text categorization is practicable and effective.


Recent statistics have shown that the main difficulty in detecting alcoholism is the unreliability of the information presented by patients with addiction; this hampers early diagnosis and reduces the effectiveness of treatment. However, electroencephalogram (EEG) exams can contribute with more reliable data for this analysis. This paper proposes a new approach for the automatic diagnosis of patients with alcoholism. It offers a method for examining the EEG signals from a two-dimensional perspective according to changes in the neural activity, highlighting the influence of high and low-frequency signals. This approach combines Transfer Learning and Con-volutional Neural Networks (CNN) to EEG signals analysis. The methodology to evaluate our proposal used 21 combinations of the classification traditional methods and 35 combinations of recent CNN architectures used as feature extractors combined with the following classical classifiers: Gaussian Naive Bayes, K-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN), Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), Random Forest (RF) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). CNN MobileNet combined with SVM achieved the best results in Accuracy (95.33%), Precision (95.68%), F1-Score (95.24%), and Recall (95.00%). This combination outperformed traditional methods by up to 8%. Thus, this approach is applicable as a classification stage for computer-aided diagnoses, useful for the triage of patients, and clinical support for the early diagnosis of this disease.


The purpose of this study was to extend the social comparison theory in an attempt to examine the effect of TV media on adolescent` body images. The research was a survey and the subjects were 895 male and female adolescents in Taejon, Korea. The measuring instruments were 2 sets of stimuli of male and female body silhouettes and selfadministrated questionnaire. Results were as follows: 1) The subjects` TV viewing periods were 3-4 hours per day and their involvements in TV media were moderate degree. 2) The results of perceptual body images showed that adolescents favored thin body type as an ideal body and had distorting tendency that their bodies were larger than the actual sizes. 3) The results of attitudinal body images showed three factors such as `appearance evaluation` , `appearance orientation` , and `fitness orientation` . 4) TV media had significant effects on perceptual and attitudinal body images. It is concluded that the results of this study support social comparison theory that people compare themselves to others to satisfy their needs for self-evaluation and for judgments of their own personal worth since TV media give strong influence on adolescents through presenting social comparison models to body images.


A 13‐year‐old boy presented with progressive bilateral lower limb weakness due to exradural granulocytic sarcoma of the spine. After surgical decompression and radiotherapy, he remained in complete remission 6 years after initial diagnosis. The possible reasons for the favorable outcome of this unique case are discussed.


The educational device can simulate the substations is disclosed. Education can simulation apparatus of Substation according to one embodiment of the present invention, the number of the simulation apparatus of the substations as a simulation apparatus of substations can for simulation of the high voltage device for transformation of a high voltage power transmission from the power source to a low pressure a main body portion formed in the transparent window over this component is installed in each of the divided main unit inside the multiple pieces with a predetermined size to be recognized visually; A track switch having to be installed in the main unit is being supplied to the high voltage supplied from a power supply primarily switch-on (On) off (Off) status for the high voltage to the trainees are selective (Load Break Switch) load switching hands-section having; The load switching hands-section is a check on the high voltage meter that uses power displayed on the power and instrument transformers byeonryu for the Instrument transformers are installed a variety of tests in accordance with the power outage occurs so trainees can practice directly hands over portions .; On the instrument power recovery process if the variable pressure byeonryu practice the applied power through an are to be supplied with power from the vacuum interrupter and, an emergency situation or a power failure since a power supply according to the power failure for carrying out the practice to recover this case be interrupted by a power failure for part 1 power failure and power recovery exercise in the exercise to be performed; And a transformer substation to the high voltage power supply to a low-pressure, variable pressure lab unit for hands-on the switch unit to protect said transformer; Claim that the air circuit breaker (Air Current Breaker), a trainee to block the arc generated when the track being supplied with the converted low voltage over the transformer to be opened and closed includes an automatic mode switch for an electrostatic test and practice of the power failure and power recovery 2, and the electrostatic power recovery exercise unit; And the number of batteries provided to a the rectifying unit for converting an alternating current into a direct current to power substations, power failure, and normal power supply status and the number of process for a limited time supplied with the operating power to the Substation trainee can see directly The practical part includes rectifier with wealth.


We have measured the photocurrents injected into polyethylene terephthalate from evaporated aluminum electrodes in the wavelength range 475–300 nm following a careful depolarization of the specimens. The yield curves give linear plots of (yield)1/2 against photon energy. The threshold energy is . Using fields up to 4 × 105 V cm−1, the threshold falls at a rate consistent with Schottky injection of holes, while the yield itself increases as expected for geminate recombination. Our yield results agree with those obtained using electron beam excitation, but differ from the case of hard X-ray irradiation.


Nine sampling sites along three sections in Lake Chenghai were established by Global Positioning System for a study on phosphorus forms in a period of a year.The characteristics of the distribution and variations of phosphorus forms in deep lake on plateau are analyzed.The results indicate that the total phosphorus content is between 0.008 and 0.155mg/L,and the annual average content is 0.046mg/L.The percent of existent state of phosphorus forms is 54.35% particulate total phosphorus,19.56% dissolved organic phosphorus,26.09% dissolved inorganic phosphorus.The characteristics of the distributions and variations of phosphorus forms are closely related to vital processes and cycles of phytoplankton.The horizontal distribution pattern is easily affected by the composites effects of biological processes of plankton,and movement and feeding of lake water.The distribution of phosphorus is relatively homogenous from the surface layer to the sub-bottom layer,and increase with various degrees at the bottom layer.


Sounds produced by the toadfish Sanopus astrifer were recorded at Glovers Atoll, Belize. These are the first recorded sounds by a toadfish in the Sanopus genus. The boatwhistle call is similar to the boatwhistle produced by Opsanus species, in that it consists of a harmonic call about 250 ms in duration with a fundamental frequency of about 180 Hz. Boatwhistles are made in bouts of 1–4 boatwhistles with an inter‐boatwhistle interval of 140–170 ms. The first boatwhistle in a bout tends to be longer than subsequent boatwhistles. S. astrifer also shows the acoustic tagging phenomenon described by Fine and Thorson for Opsanus beta, in which the male produces a short grunt during calling by another male. However, instead of tagging during the boatwhistle like Opsanus, Sanopus tags between boatwhistles in a bout.


Drip irrigation systems are widely used worldwide to satisfy the water demand of agricultural crops. It is known that drip irrigation technology has a number of other advantages, such as intensive irrigation, automation, and water economical benefits. The methods which is available in hydraulics are widely used in the calculation of drip irrigation design. One of the most important issues in the drip irrigation system is the correct estimation of the discharge coming out of the drippers. As known from hydraulic calculations, it is necessary to take into account the pressure when determining the discharge coming out of the emitters. It should also be noted that discharge from emitters has a special effect on pressure losses in drip irrigation systems. The article presents the results of the research conducted in natural field conditions on the assessment of hydraulic processes in drip irrigation systems. As an object of research, the cultivated field of the "Sharifjan oglu Akhmadjon" farm in Rishton district, Fergana region was selected. The results of measurement work at 36 points of the research object are highlighted. As a result of the conducted research, recommendations for determining discharge in irrigation pipes were developed.


Two extremes in the interpretation of the Song of Songs are the allegorical and the literal, respectively representing the ancient and the modern way of understanding this poetry. As a result of this shift from the ancient to the modern, the religious elements of the Song have often been sacrificed. When its aesthetic nature, which has not been sufficiently appreciated, is considered from a psychological perspective, its embedded religious dimension can also be recognised and regained, even if it is different from what has traditionally been read into the Song.


DR. ING. JOSEf THEliSSEN received his Bachelors degree in engineering from the Techniscne Hocnschule Aad1en, and his Doctorate 1'/1 engineering from the Ruhr-University Bochum . From 1977 through 1980, he was chief-engineer at the Institute for Machine-Elements and Gearing-Technics at Ruhr-University Bochum. Since 1981 he has been working as manager of the design department of planetary and high speed gear drives for A. Friedr.Fiender GMBH and' Co. Kg, a gear manufactureri" Bacnolt, West Germany and in Elgin, USA IFlender Corporation. maximum possible torque of large gear units is limited by the machine capacity since the gear cutting machines can only manufacture gear wheels up to a maximum diameter. The highest possible output torque of gear units with case hardened gears and power branching is about ten times higher than conventional gear units with through hardened gears and without power branching. The advantages of case hardened gears lie in Itheir higher tooth flank load carrying capacity. The variation in the subsurface strength matches ideally the sub-surface stre s distribution. By optimising the gear geometry to balance the flank capacity to the root strength, the torque carrying capacity of case hardened gears can be four 'times higher than that of through hardened gears having the same diameter. Power branching leads to .3 further increase in the torque carrying capacity, Such gear units have one input and one output shaft, Within the gear unit, the power at the gear ,of the input shaft is branched out and flows together at the out-


It is shown how the mean-square error of a linear system varies with time following a small change in any parameter of the system. It has been assumed that the system is in the steady-state condition before the parameter perturbation is applied. The input signal to the system may be deterministic or a random process with known statistical properties. By considering the response to a step parameter change, a linear model is developed relating the change in the mean-square error (ensemble average) to the parameter variation. Further, the principle of superposition is shown to be applicable, so that the change in mean-square error for any arbitrary system input can be found when the behaviour is known for sinusoidal system input signals. Experimental and theoretical work is presented for particular systems.


This is the fourth in a 35-year series of HBS cases on an organization that has changed the rules of the game globally for an entire industry by offering both differentiated and low-price service. The focus of the case is on whether Southwest Airlines should buy gates and slots to initiate service to New York's LaGuardia airport, which does not fit the airline's profile for cost, ease of service, and other factors. The bigger issue is how the organization should deal with competition that has successfully emulated more and more of what it does in an operating environment that has changed significantly. Hence the subtitle, which was suggested by Herb Kelleher, Southwest's Chairman and CEO, Emeritus.Learning Objective:To evaluate a strategic decision in the context of a company's culture and the need to preserve the integrity of its operating network.Subjects Covered:Operations management; Service management.