Introduction Tuberculosis (TB) is now a relatively uncommon disease in high income countries. As such, its diagnosis may be missed or delayed resulting in death before or shortly after the introduction of treatment. Whether early TB death is associated with increased TB transmission is unknown. To determine the transmission risk attributable to early TB death we undertook a case-control study. Methods All adults who were: (1) diagnosed with culture-positive pulmonary TB in the Province of Alberta, Canada between 1996 and 2012, and (2) died a TB-related death before or within the first 60 days of treatment, were identified. For each of these "cases" two sets of "controls" were randomly selected from among culture-positive pulmonary TB cases that survived beyond 60 days of treatment. "Controls" were matched by age, sex, population group, +/- smear status. Secondary cases of "cases" and "controls" were identified using conventional and molecular epidemiologic tools and compared. In addition, new infections were identified and compared in contacts of "cases" that died before treatment and contacts of their smear-matched "controls". Conditional logistic regression was used to find associations in both univariate and multivariate analysis. Results "Cases" were as, but not more, likely than "controls" to transmit. This was so whether transmission was measured in terms of the number of "cases" and smear-unmatched or -matched "controls" that had a secondary case, the number of secondary cases that they had or the number of new infections found in contacts of "cases" that died before treatment and their smear-matched "controls". Conclusion In a low TB incidence/low HIV prevalence country, pulmonary TB patients that die a TB-related death before or in the initial phase of treatment and pulmonary TB patients that survive beyond the initial phase of treatment are equally likely to transmit.


We present a new discretization scheme for the low-order quasidiffusion (LOQD) equations in 2D r − z geometry on arbitrary quadrilateral meshes. The second-order form of the LOQD equations is defined by the differential operator consisting of convection-diffusion with the Eddington tensor and extra operators with cross derivatives. The proposed discretization method is based on a second-order cell-centered scheme for the P1 equations on arbitrary polygons. We conduct a study of the performance of this LOQD discretization scheme on a set of numerical tests with sequences of refined orthogonal and randomized grids. The numerical results show that the scheme converges with second order behavior.


A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Commerce and Administration,
University of Zululand in fulfillment for the degree of Masters Administration
In the Department of Industrial Psychology at the University of Zululand, South Africa, 2001.


Previous reports indicate that the arrival directions of typical air showers are distributed nonuniformly and that the primaries that initiate the showers are possibly heavy nuclei with energies as high as 10/sup 17/ ev. An explanation for the existence of such high-energy heavy nuclei and their observed anisotropy is offered. It is assumed that there is a strong source lying in the galactic arm so that the earth is connected to the source by a magnetic line of force. The possibility that both the source and the earth lie in a common magnetic bottle is considered. (A.G.W.)


I here argue that, among Stanley Hauerwas' many other salutary influences on Baptists, not the least of them is his pointing us beyond tolerance and voluntaryism as Christian virtues. I show how he has helped us discern that the church will be tolerated by an increasingly dominating nation-state only if we Christians behave as the state demands, especially in moral matters, and that we must thus learn how to live in a non-tolerant manner. I also argue that Hauerwas' case against a strictly voluntarist idea of Christian faith helps us to reclaim the Church's original understanding of baptism as the act whereby, even among us who advocate believers' baptism, we are incorporated into the Body of Christ. It is not something we voluntarily choose but rather the gift that we non-voluntarily receive.


The revival in Islamic studies of interest in explaining social transformation in Muslim societies has stimulated a need for new methodological inquiries. The deployment of informal institutions within daily life is also a rediscovery of the traditional Islamic networks, patterns, values and cognitive forms. The rise of daily life as the major unit of operation for the new Islamic movements directs them to a completely different position vis-a-vis modernity: to create an alternative Islamic civil society, that is indifferent to the existing modern one. The Gulen Movement, with its success at creating trans-national networks, is the perspicuous case for illustrating the amodern world view of new Islamic movements. Study of the Gulen Movement on the basis of its amodernity is a methodology that contributes also to the study of how Islam is reproduced in daily life despite modern challenges. Such a study makes a necessity, in any research agenda, of the acknowledgement of the amodern in the sociology of religion. The major contribution of this paper is to display how Islamic movements develop an irregular position towards modernity. Therefore, the validity of traditional binaries, such as 'Islamic movements vs. modernity', or 'Islamic movements as products of modernity', has to be questioned. Being indifferent to the state and operating through daily life, new Islamic movements gain the ability to connect with historical Islam, the roots of which had fixed well before those of modernity.


Transfer function zeros of active control systems are studied for a two dimensional typical airfoil in an in-compressible flow. Both steady and unsteady aerodynamics are used for the modeling of the dynamics. Sensor location which gives us a minimum phase transfer function is examined over the airfoil area between the leading edge and the hinge line of the tailing edge control surface. Three types of zeros exist in the transfer function with an unsteady aerodynamic modeling. It is shown that the zeros corresponding to the ones derived from the steady aerodynamics determine an upper and lower boundaries of the flight velocity through which the transfer function changes its phase characteristics. The zeros that are originally contained in the unsteady aerodynamic modeling do not contribute to the phase change. However, two other zeros that are generated through the modeling determine a front boundary of the sensor location. It is to be noted in flutter control systems that a zero always exists near the critical pole and the transfer function shows a situation of near pole-zero cancellation around the flutter point.


Event-activated biological-inspired subwavelength (sub-λ) optical neural networks are of paramount importance for energy-efficient and high-bandwidth artificial intelligence (AI) systems. Despite the significant advances to build active optical artificial neurons using for example phase-change materials, lasers, photodetectors, and modulators, miniaturized integrated sources and detectors suited for few-photon spike-based operation and of interest for neuromorphic optical computing are still lacking. In this invited paper we outline the main challenges, opportunities, and recent results towards the development of interconnected neuromorphic nanoscale light-emitting diodes (nanoLEDs) as key-enabling artificial spiking neuron circuits in photonic neural networks. This method of spike generation in neuromorphic nanoLEDs paves the way for sub-λ incoherent neural circuits for fast and efficient asynchronous brain-inspired computation.


Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has made promising advances in recent years solving complex sequential decision-making problems, e.g. by beating the grandmasters in the game of Go, predicting protein folding or speeding up matrix multiplication. However, applying DRL to new problems successfully requires careful tuning and adaptation to find a suitable algorithm. This was demonstrated by the creators of MoGym, a tool which allows training DRL agents on any problem formulated as Markov decision process in the JANI specification language. They applied Deep Q-learning (DQN) on a set of problems of the Quantitative Verification Benchmark Set (QVBS) to test their tool and noticed that the DRL algorithm could not successfully learn on some instances. This thesis aims to find the main challenges of such instances loaded with MoGym, provide the community with DRL algorithms and techniques to address these issues and especially aims to contribute to the community by improving on existing approaches. It is shown that the DQN agent was likely unable to learn due to an exploding action-space (as a result of loading a problem using MoGym) and the lack on sophisticated exploration during training. Description-based Q-learning is proposed as a possible solution to replace DQN, because this variant can mitigate the effect of the action-space dimension by learning state-values instead of action-values. To solve the exploration problem, the thesis proposes a new version of the Go-Explore framework called Stochastic Go-Explore. The new variant drops some limiting assumptions on the training environment, providing the DRL community with a powerful exploration technique that is applicable to a larger variety of training environments than its predecessor. The experiments show that this new technique is the only one of all tested exploration techniques which enables the agents to learn on all tested problems. In addition, DBQL is extended to use n-step learning, which aims to improve sample efficiency by proposing three new n-step DQBL agents. Experiment findings establish their feasibility and provide some evidence to show that their use can lead to sample efficiency gain. However, the experiment results further suggest that this improvement might lead to higher training times. A discussion on when to use n-step learning when training time is a limiting factor is included. All findings are based on experiments made on a subset of QVBS problems and are evaluated using deep statistical model checking (DSMC) and training returns. It is shown that there exists a discrepancy in the measurements of both approaches, hinting that DSMC can be a valuable tool for the DRL community when evaluating experiments.


In order to improve the adsorption efficiency,granular activated carbon(GAC) was modified with KMnO4 solution under standing oxidation/reflux condensation.Surface features were studied in virtue of BET,SEM,FTIR and XRD.The influence of adsorption time,dosage,pH,and temperature on Pb2+ adsorption was studied.The research demonstrated that with the dosage of 3 g/L,Pb2+ adsorption removal efficiency reached 92% and 94% by 0.01KMnO4-GAC and 0.03KMnO4-GAC which was 1.84 and 1.88 times of GAC;The adsorption removal efficiency saturated basically until 180min;Pb2+ adsorption capability of the three absorbents decreased with the pH decreased;The influence of temperature on Pb2+ adsorption was relatively small.


The equilibrium lattice constant, the heat of formation, the electronic density of state, and the elastic constant of TiAl are calculated by the first principles based on plane-wave pseudo-potential in the paper, and moreover, the results are compared with experimental values and other results calculated by other theoretic methods.


Reading Brexit through BrexLit is a dissertation centred on the 2016 referendum on British exit from the European Union and on Brexit Literature ('BrexLit'). The thesis focuses on the relation between Englishness and the Leave vote, analysing themes and images at the core of the Brexit campaign in parallel with selected literary works published both before and after the political outcome, and on the impact of the referendum on literature itself.
After an introduction that serves as a framework, the work is divided into three different sections. The first one is dedicated to an analysis of Brexit from a political point of view, outlining global tendencies and British peculiarities that influenced the vote and explaining Brexit as an English (more than British) phenomenon. The second section moves from the political aspects of the study to the literary ones, showing that Brexit themes are to be found in contemporary fictions published before the referendum and focusing on two novels that are particularly concerned both with the structures of feeling at the core of the campaign and with English identity: Speak for England (2005) by James Hawes and The White Family (2002) by Maggie Gee. The third and last section introduces the reader to Brexit Literature ('BrexLit), which is a new sub-genre that has flourished from the referendum onwards. The section looks at the main characteristics of the sub-genre, distinguishing between two main categories of BrexLit fictions: political and intimate novels. This sections ends with the close reading of two BrexLit novels published in 2018, Perfidious Albion by Sam Byers and Middle England by Jonathan Coe, which are the most representative in relation to the two categories mentioned above and in the way they engage, as the novels of the previous section, with the structures of feeling exploited in Brexit discourse.


Inthis investigation the epoxy was reinforced by orange peel and carbonized orange peel particles with percentages (5%, 10%, 15% and 20% by weight).Mechanical tests like:Tensile, flexural,Hardness, impact and compression were carried out on these natural epoxy composites. The results showed the tensile strength have a higher value by adding (15% by weight )of orange peel and carbonized orange peel particles to epoxy,while the value (10% by weight ) of addition is suitable to get improvement in the other mechanical properties as flexural strength, Hardness, impact and compressive strength. The epoxy / carbonized orange peel powder have the best valuesin all mechanical properties than that of epoxy/orange peel powder.


ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of plant spacing on growth and yield of paddy Legowo row planting system. The study was conducted in South Minahasa District, District Tompaso New, Village Torout for 4 months from April - August 2014 in this study used materials rice seed Bulawan, taken from the village of Torout (one's own). Research was conducted using a randomized block design (RAK) with 5 treatments spacing grown using Legowo row planting system 2: 1. Each treatment was repeated four times, namely 1) 20 x 20 cm (control), 2) 20 x 20 cm, 3) 20 x 25 cm, 4) 20 x 30 cm, 5) 20 x 35 cm. Using the method of using the F test and if there is a treatment effect followed by a test of Least Significant Difference (LSD) at 5%. Spacing of rice that gives the best results are rice treated with a spacing of 20 x 25 cm Legowo row planting system. Keywords :jajar legowo, rice


The frequency response of optical fiber hydrophones is examined both theoretically and experimentally. Previous models have considered only either static pressures or high‐frequency (axially constrained) perturbations. In the present study, the acoustic sensitivities for fiber coils (5‐cm‐diam, 10‐m total length) are given for the range 100 Hz to 50 kHz. The observed frequency and coil orientation dependence of the pressure sensitivity is explained in terms of an approximate theoretical model. According to this model the acoustic driving force on the coil is the sum of two terms, a surface pressure and a pressure gradient term, of opposite sign. It is assumed that only the lowest‐order radial mode of vibration leads to a net optical phase shift in the coil. The observed peaks in the pressure sensitivity of the coils are found to be in the vicinity of the resonance frequency for the lowest‐orderadial mode.


The heating method used in hot machining affects the machinability, machining accuracy, protection for machine tool, cutting tool, and operator. Heating method used hitherto are flame heating, resistance heating, arc heating, induction heating, radiant heating, and others. These heating methods are advantageous in some respects, but require large heating apparatus. Some of them require protection for operator and some are high in initial and running costs. In this paper, a new heating method using friction between the work and shoes was presented. Experimental results showed that the friction heating method was very efficient for the purpose of heating the work materials. It produced a large amount of specific heat input. Both initial and running costs for it were low. Operating this heating apparatus was found safe.


Nick Kelly, John McLean Bennett and Ann Starasts did a review of two cases of adoption of ICT mediated learning networks in agricultural extension. The two networks shared the economic and pedagogical need for adopting a network approach but differed being a small community of framers in India and a large Twitter community of Australian farmers. The reviewed evidence which proofs that networked learning is already occurring within the groups and provides a framework which can help future designers of learning networks in order to facilitate efficient agricultural extension.


Objective(s): Laryngeal inflammations lead to voice disorders. Medical conditions such as chronic laryngitis, gastroesophageal reflux, laryngopharyngeal reflux, Reinke edema and/or vocal folds hemorrhage, result in diverse symptoms including chronic cough, throat cleaning and dysphonia (e.g. hoarseness). In turn, the dysphonic symptoms can be evaluated via subjective and objective procedures. The objective procedures usually include self-perceived questionnaires like the Voice Handicap Index (VHI). Studies reported that VHI can distinguish objectively dysphonic and non-dysphonic populations using the cut-off points of Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves. The purpose of this study was to calculate the cut-off points for individuals exhibiting voice symptoms which had been developed from laryngeal inflammatory diseases in Greece. Methods: One hundred and twelve participants (90 non-dysphonic and 22 dysphonic) filled in the Hellenic Voice Handicap Index (VHI) and the Greek translated version of Voice Evaluation Template (VEF) were administrated. All subjects were evaluated by an Otolaryngologist and a Speech-Language Pathologist. Results: The group with voice disorders exhibited higher VHI scores (in total and in its 3 subdomains) compared to non-dysphonic subgroup. Statistical significant differences were found for all VHI's total cut-off point of 19.50 (sensitivity: 0.882, 1-specificity: 0.011) and for its three subdomains [functional 6.50 (sensitivity = 0.636, and 1-specificity = 0.022); physical 9.50 (sensitivity = 0.636, and 1-specificity = 0.000); emotional 6.50 (sensitivity = 0.455, and 1-specificity = 0.133)]. Conclusion: The preliminary results showed that VHI could discriminate individuals having voice disorders from laryngeal inflammations. The Voice Handicap Index can be used as a primary health care tool and a self-monitoring procedure in acute and sub-acute phases of the laryngeal inflammation.


A contemporary of Russian Futurism, the persecuted Soviet writer Varlam Shalamov recorded in his memoirs a literary evening at which the famous poet Vladimir Maiakovskii was publicly accused of stealing Velimir Khlebnikov's manuscripts in order to benefit from his legacy. The alleged accuser was a poet known as Alvek (Iosif Solomonovich Israilevich: 1895-1943?). Al'vek claimed that Maiakovskii stole the manuscripts in order to publish them subsequently on his own behalf. Maiakovskii vigorously denied this bold accusation and informed the public that Khlebnikov's manuscripts, which had been at his disposal, resided with Roman Jakobson in order to be published by the Institute of Russian Literature in Prague. This paper explores the differences in Soviet 'discursive recognition' concerning these Russian Futurist poets. These differences mirror the Soviet reception of two prominent Symbolists: Andrei Belyi and Aleksandr Blok. The 'approved' Symbolist, Blok, was apparently preferred to the 'controversial' and 'perplexed' Belyi, who was less frequently published. In a remarkably similar fashion the 'good' Futurist, Maiakovskii, occupied a far better position than the 'problematic' Futurist, Khlebnikov, who was barely published in Soviet times. Our understanding of the posthumous legacies of these poets depends largely on what we may call 'collective memory' using a post-durkheimian notion theorized by the French philosopher Maurice Halbwachs (1877-1945). This concept differs from 'individual memory' since collective memory is shared, passed on and at the same time intentionally 'constructed' by the people who comprise the modern social habitus. Halbwachs' ideas were taken up by Jan Assman with the notion of 'communicative memory' (a variety of collective memory based on everyday communication) and by James E.Young who introduced 'collected memory' that championed memory as inherently fragmented, 'selectively collected' and, above all, peculiarly individualistic. This paper identifies the authors' behavioral and publishing strategies within the context of the reigning Soviet social order, analyzing the ways they were assumed into the ever changing Soviet 'cultural memory'. I will demonstrate the significant inconsistencies in the strategic manoeuvring of each author, and will dwell upon the possible reasoning for their successes and failures.


The intercalation reaction of Li into the complex ternary selenide Cr4TiSe8 was investigated as function of time and temperature. The treatment of the host compound with a solution of butyl lithium in n-hexane (BuLi) leads to Li insertion up to the composition Li2.8Cr4TiSe8. The intercalation reaction is accompanied by a structural phase transition of the host material. The monoclinic symmetry of pristine Cr4TiSe8 is changed to trigonal when x in LixCr4TiSe8 exceeds approximately 0.4. With increasing Li content the axes of the new trigonal unit cell are significantly enlarged. The structural phase transition was characterized by Rietveld refinement of X-ray (XRD) powder patterns for different values of x. The phase transition is electronically driven rather than being due to geometric reasons. Immediately after removal of the excess BuLi of partially intercalated phases, the product is not in equilibrium and undergoes a structural relaxation. When the lithiated products are treated with water, the interca...


Juveniles suspected or accused of crimes present vulnerabilities that require unique protections for their constitutional rights, particularly in the fraught environment of a custodial interrogation. Newly enacted section 80-6-206 of the Utah Code requires the presence of a parent or other "friendly adult" for all juvenile Miranda waivers, as well as parental consent, for custodial interrogation to go forward. Other states have similarly enacted additional protections for juveniles during custodial interrogation, but these protections vary widely. Many other states have remained committed to the traditional totality of circumstances analysis established in Fare v. Michael C. as the best means for courts to determine the validity of each juvenile confession. This article provides an overview of recent juvenile Miranda comprehension research, relevant Supreme Court case law, and a survey of juvenile Miranda laws in the fifty U.S. states and Washington, D.C. Through this analysis, the Article investigates the disparities in juvenile understanding of rights in custodial interrogations. Using Utah as a case study, this Article then provides an analysis of the juvenile interrogation statutes and provides recommendations for improvement. These recommendations include using research-supported efforts to facilitate comprehension such as simplified language in the Miranda waiver for juveniles, presenting each right separately, and presenting the rights in written form. Additionally, Utah's statute would benefit from clarifying the appropriate remedy for a violation and a re-emphasis on the totality of circumstances analysis.


Binary Offset Carrier (BOC) modulation signals have been applied in Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) because they offer a higher positioning accuracy and higher multipath rejection. However, there is a drawback in that the autocorrelation functions have multiple side peaks, meaning that this technique also leads to the large main peak estimation error problem and a low correlation decision efficiency problem. In this paper, we propose a new Main Peak Extraction (MPE) method for high-order BOC signals to solve these problems. In the new method, the synthesis cross-correlation function is established, and the geometry graph is formatted to calculate the estimation main peak. We eliminate all side peaks and improve the main peak phase estimation precision under the condition that the sub-carrier phase is offset. The results of the simulation demonstrate that the new method can achieve better main peak decision efficiency, side peak cancellation ability and phase estimation performance than traditional methods.


the Olympic capital. The city of Lausanne is located at the shores of the lovely Lake of Geneva facing the magnificent alpine mountains. Its rich history goes back to the first settlements at -6000 Be. Today, the city is an important economic center hosting many international enterprises. It is home to many educational institutions including the University of Lausanne and EPFL with more than 20,000 students following programs in all disciplines. The cultural live in the region is renowned to be very rich and features world famous performances such as those ofBejart Ballet or the Montreux Jazz Festival.


Helicotylenchus pseudorobustus (Steiner) Golden is a common parasite of corn (Zea mays L.) in the midwestern United States (9). A 1983 survey of northern Italy indicated that H. pseudorobustus was the most common plant-parasitic nematode associated with corn. H. pseudorobustus is generally semiendoparasitic, feeding in the cortical parenchyma of corn roots and causing necrosis and disruption of cortical cells (7,9). Formation of "food cells" with dense cytoplasm and increased number of organelles without nuclear enlargement has been reported in barley (Hordeum sativum L.), oat (Arena sativa L.), and wheat (Triticum sp.) roots infected with H. digonicus Perry, H. pseudorobustus, and H. varicaudatus Yuen (5). Membranous networks around the stylet and loss of nucleolus without evidence of nuclear enlargement occurred in cortical cells of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) roots infected by Scutellonema brachyurum (Steiner) Andrassy (8), another hoplolaimid nematode. This research note describes alterations in corn roots induced by feeding of H. pseudorobustus. Pregerminated Dekalb-XL-41 corn seeds were sown in bins containing sandy clay loam soil (23% clay, 11% silt, 62% sand, 4% gravel) infested with one n e m a t o d e / cm 3 soil of a population ofH. pseudorobustus collected at Rauscedo, in northern Italy. Plants were grown in a greenhouse at 22 + 4 C. Seedlings were harvested and root systems gently washed free of soil 20 days after sowing. Corn roots infected with nematodes were examined with a stereo-


The invention relates to an air guide frame which comprises a frame body and a plurality of air guide parts arranged in the frame body in a detachable manner. The frame body comprises two opposite side walls; the two side walls are correspondingly and respectively provided with a plurality of perforated holes; each air guide part comprises a rod body and an air guide sheet arranged at one side of the rod body; both ends of the rod body are respectively provided with check blocks capable of passing through one perforated holes of the two side walls and being stopped outside the side walls. Both the ends of each air guide part of the air guide frame are respectively provided with the check blocks capable of being stopped outside the air guide frame, so that the air guide sheets can be effectively fixed.


By acceptance of this article, the publisher recognizes that the US. Government retains a nonexclusive, royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or to allow others to do so, for US. Government purposes. DISCLAIMER This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, make any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or respomibiity for the a m c y , completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus , product, or process disdosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owwd rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof.


The primary goal of the present work was to demonstrate the use of the chop-leach (with nitric acid) process to produce a feed solution for the UREX process.


This thesis addresses the lack of gamification in rock engineering educational applications. The goal of this thesis was to create an enjoyable and effective rock fracture mapping learning experience using virtual reality (VR) and gamification. The hypothesis is that gamification can improve the learning experience and learning outcomes of learners. A concrete output of this thesis is a gamified teaching system GRETS (Gamified Rock Engineering Teaching System). The system includes a teaching module of three concepts related to structural mapping and a gamified practical exercise module. In this thesis, the influence of gamification on the learning experience and learning outcomes was measured through a mixed-method user study. In the user study, a non-gamified rock engineering teaching system (NGRETS) was created as a controlled environment, and the learning experience of both systems was compared to measure the impact of gamification. According to the user study result, GRETS provided learners with an enjoyable learning experience, and their learning outcomes were improved. For instance, the accuracy index, which represents learners' measurement accuracy, was doubled. Although the quantitative data is inconclusive due to various limitations, the thesis advances the gamification of rock engineering education and provides a novel example case that other gamification researchers, designers, and educators can build on.


For years, transistor size reduction led to a linear decrease in power dissipation. This is the Dennard scaling law, which ended in 2000's technology nodes because the supply voltage no longer scales. The consequence is the increase of the power density in integrated circuits, leading to high temperatures, accelerating aging effects. Dynamic thermal management (DTM) is a technique adopted at runtime to act in the system using the components' current temperature to minimize hotspots and peak temperatures. This paper aims to present a DTM for NoC-based many-cores, using an abstract model, to estimate the temperature at the processing element level and task migration as the main actuation mechanism. Results show up to 12% of temperature reduction and almost 10oC of peak temperature reduction, highlighting the approach's effectiveness, compared to the pattering and spiral mappings.


Thomas Schmidinger's Rojava: Revolution, War, and the Future of Syria's Kurds provides an in-depth overview of latest political developments in the Kurdish-led Democratic Federation of Northern Syria (DFNS) over the past eight years...


Avoid downturn vulnerability by managing correlation dependency Asymmetric Dependence in Finance examines the risks and benefits of asset correlation, and provides effective strategies for more profitable portfolio management. Beginning with a thorough explanation of the extent and nature of asymmetric dependence in the financial markets, this book delves into the practical measures fund managers and investors can implement to boost fund performance. From managing asymmetric dependence using Copulas, to mitigating asymmetric dependence risk in real estate, credit and CTA markets, the discussion presents a coherent survey of the state-of-the-art tools available for measuring and managing this difficult but critical issue.


Nematode parasite infections cause disease in humans and animals and threaten global food security by reducing productivity in livestock and crop farming. The escalation of anthelmintic resistance in economically important nematode parasites underscores the need for the identification of novel drug targets in these worms. Nematode neuropeptide signalling is an attractive system for potential chemotherapeutic exploitation, with neuropeptide G-protein coupled receptors (NP-GPCRs) representing the leading target candidates therein. In order to successfully validate NP-GPCRs as targets for parasite control it is necessary to characterise their function and importance to nematode biology. This can be aided through identifying receptor activating ligand(s) in a process known as receptor deorphanisation. Such efforts first require the identification of all neuropeptide ligands within parasites. Here we comb the genomes of nine therapeutically relevant pathogenic nematode species to comprehensively characterise the nematode parasite neuropeptide-like protein (NLP) complements, and details the discovery of several previously unreported, yet conserved, neuropeptides and neuropeptide-encoding genes. We identify the neuropeptides that are most highly conserved in all parasites examined, and characterise their physiological activity on the reproductive musculature of the parasite, Ascaris suum. These data suggest conserved neuropeptide functions in both free living and parasitic nematodes, and support the potential for exploitation of the neuropeptide signalling system as an anthelmintic target.


Internet of Things (IoT) has become extremely prominent for industrial applications and stealthy modification deliberately done by insertion of Hardware Trojans has increased widely due to globalization of Integrated Circuit (IC) production. In the proposed work, Hardware Trojan is detected at the gate level by considering netlist of the desired circuits. To mitigate with golden model dependencies, proposed work is based on unsupervised detection of Hardware Trojans which automatically extracts useful features without providing clear desired outcomes. The relevant features from feature dataset are selected using eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithm. Average True Positive Rate (TPR) is improved about 30% by using Clustering-based local outlier factor (CBLOF) algorithm when compared to local outlier factor algorithm. The simulation is employed on Trust-HUB circuits and achieves an average of 99.83% True Negative Rate (TNR) and 99.72% accuracy which shows the efficiency of the detection method even without labelling data.


From the process of income distribution system reform in our universities,we can see that every reform has certain intrinsic motivation.The new round of wage system reform on post performance is the result of the development of the theory about distribution with Chinese characteristics,the trend of income distribution system reform,and the developmental needs of the universities.Among them,the development of theory about distribution with Chinese characteristics is a theoretical motivation.The trend of income distribution system reform is the motivation on the system level.Colleges and universities of their own development needs is the motivation on the practical level.


The APS is considering options to upgrade its facility in the near future. After a careful review we came to the conclusion that an energy recovering linac (ERL) upgrade is the most promising option, which offers two orders of magnitude improvement in photon beam performance and utilizes most of the existing facilities. The design goals for the ERL are 7 GeV beam energy, 100 mA maximum beam current and 0.022 nm-rad emittance. The ERL could potentially generate a continuous 2 MW beam. Beam loss at such high beam power causes many problems, including radiation hazards, heat load to the superconducting rf cavities, and damage to other beamline equipment. This report presents the issues and the research and development that are necessary to achieve successful beam loss control.


ORE THAN 20 years ago, it was docu. mented that postoperative residual curarization (PORC) was frequent in patients given longacting neuromuscular blocking agents. 1 Later studies from many different parts of the world confirmed these findings but also showed that the incidence was significantly less when intermediate-acting neuromuscular blocking agents were used. 2-5 This, together with more recent research documenting that residual block is a real threat to the patient, 6-1~ led to a gradual disappearance of longacting muscle relaxants from clinical use in many parts of the world and to a corresponding increase in the use of intermediate-acting drugs. Does this mean that the problems of PORC have disappeared? This article analyzes the present situation with respect to PORC after the use of muscle relaxants. Included are sections on the definition, the incidence, the diagnosis, the clinical significance, and the prevention of PORC.


Sporophytes of Ecklonia cava Kjellman (Laminariales, Phaeophyta) were collected seasonally from within 3–4 replicate, 1‐m2 quadrates, haphazardly placed in dense assemblages at 6–9 m depth in Tei, Tosa Bay (southern Japan; water temperature 15–29°C) from 1995 to 1996, and in Nabeta Bay, Shimoda (central Japan; water temperature 13–25°C) from 1996 to 1997. Growth rings were checked for all samples and mean values of each biometric parameter of sporophytes 1‐year‐old and over were compared. The plant length (stipe length + primary blade length) was always shorter in Tei sporophytes (24–52 cm) than Nabeta sporophytes (70–100 cm), the difference being mainly owing to the shorter stipe length in Tei sporophytes (7–14 cm) than in Nabeta sporophytes (54–83 cm). However, the primary blade length was sometimes longer in Tei sporophytes (12–38 cm) than in Nabeta sporophytes (14–21 cm). Stipe diameter, longest bladelet length and primary blade width were mostly less in Tei sporophytes (8.6–12.4 mm, 5.5–7.0 cm and 23.4–38.0 cm, respectively) than Nabeta sporophytes (16.4–20.2 mm, 9.2–12.0 cm and 43.0–52.6 cm, respectively). Nevertheless, the number of bladelets of sporophytes from Tei (15–28) and Nabeta (18–29) were within the same range. At Tei, 32–43% of the sporophytes had wrinkled blades in summer and autumn, whereas wrinkled primary blades or bladelets were not observed in Nabeta sporophytes throughout the experimental period. These morphometric differences of E. cava between the two localities are suggested to be dependent on environmental factors, especially seawater temperature.


Wtreless coverage in the coastal area will play an important role in the forthcoming space-air-ground integrated networks. Over the long-distance and highly-dynamic coastal channels, the communication can be lossy and much delayed. This paper exploits the fountain erasure-correction property of network coding (NC) to achieve feedback-free relay communications in such a lossy environment. Since the coding coefficient overhead of NC may overwhelm the performance gain, a problem is formulated to optimize the related coding parameters to achieve the fastest completion of a message. We adopt the random linear network coding (RLNC) and one of its sparse variants. The completion times of the schemes are analyzed using a Markov chain model, which relates the time to the key NC parameters. Under the packet size constraint, we devise an efficient algorithm to search for the optimal NC parameters. Based on the algorithm, the finite blocklength coding rates are employed to further jointly optimize the NC and the physical (PHY) layers. Numerical and simulation results show that sparse RLNC can be more beneficial. In addition, the cross-layer design can reveal when NC is inefficient due to carrying coding coefficients. In this case, end-to-end coding would be more efficient.


Underground cable system is followed in major areas in Metro Cities. Fault may be classified into open, close , asymmetrical and symmetrical.in kilometers and displayed over the internet. While a fault occurs for some reason.This IOT Technology is used to find out the exact location of the fault and to send data in graphical format to our website using anlines with the transformation of the transmission network and the enlargement of the urban construction scale. In order to meet the requirements of power supply reliability and reducing the loss of the transmission line transporting electric energy in the smart grid, the T branches of a transmission line are increasing, which makes the high voltage transmission network change from a single mode to a tree structure, or even a network structure gradually I.INTRODUCTION


OBJECTIVES
Insomnia may contribute to fewer value-consistent choices and less engagement in meaningful life activities. We sought to identify values commonly expressed by women veterans engaged in a trial testing psychological treatment of insomnia disorder.

METHODS
Seventy-four women veterans (mean age = 48.3 [±13] years), meeting DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for insomnia disorder received an acceptance-based behavioral treatment for insomnia. In the first session, participants responded to questions regarding personal values and the impact of insomnia on those values. Responses were categorized into values domains informed by the Bull's Eye Values survey (level 1 categories) and the Valued Living Questionnaire (level 2 categories).

RESULTS
Raters reached 100% agreement after independent coding and adjudication. Level 1 value categories in frequency order were: relationships (n = 68), personal care/health (n = 51), work/education (n = 46), pets (n = 12), and leisure (n = 5). The most frequently reported level 2 value categories were: family (other than marriage/parenting; n = 50), parenting (n = 31), work (n = 31), physical health (n = 30), and spirituality (n = 19). The level 1 value categories impacted by insomnia in frequency order were: personal care/health (n = 65), relationships (n = 58), work/education (n = 46), pets (n = 12), and leisure (n = 5).

CONCLUSIONS
Women veterans undergoing insomnia treatment highly value relationships and personal care/health, which should be considered patient-centered outcomes of insomnia treatments.

CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION
NCT02076165.


The invention relates to an isotonic solution for introduction into the capsular bag of the eye in ophtalmoologischen operations such. B. replacing the natural lens with an artificial intraocular lens for maintaining intraocular pressure and protect the inside of the cornea during the operation, and is characterized in that the isotonic solution is added at the beginning of a colorant. the solution and the colorant are preferably homogeneously mixed by centrifugation.


The sensor nodes in wireless sensor networks are used for various applications like gas and temperature monitoring [1]. Every sensor node in wireless sensor networks is some energy constrained. So minimization of power consumed by each sensor node in WSN network is need of hour, so that deployed of sensor node in WSN network will live for long period of time. In this paper ,we presents the components which are used in sensor node is less energy constrained and energy aware sensor node, which minimize the power consumed in node level and network level respectively. By comparing two sensor nodes having different microcontroller ATMEL and MSP430.The results shows, power consumed by nodes 5.2mW and 1.46mW respectively, Further more energy aware sensor node select the path with MSP430 as intermediate and reduce the power consumed at network level. Indexterm: Wireless sensor network, MSP430F149, Energy consumption ________________________________________________________________________________________________________


Using a Fabry-Perot cavity with high transmittivity, it is possible to realize high-efficiency interaction-free measurements. In the scheme, it is required to stabilize the Fabry-Perot cavity when the measurements are performed. We have developed a stabilized Fabry-Perot cavity, and demonstrated the interaction-free measurements with the efficiency of 88 %.


The determination of glyoxal content with flow-injection chemiluminescence system of KMnO_4-H_2SO_4 was described.It is based on the chemiluminescence emitted during the oxidation of glyoxal by Potassium Permanganate in sulphuric acid.Various factors influenced the CL system was investigated carefully. The possible mechanism of the proposed method was also studied preliminarily.The detection limit is 7×10~(-6)g/mL(3σ),the linear range of determination was 2.0×10~(-5)~7.0×10~(-2)g/mL.The relative standard deviation is 3.8%(1.0×10~(-3)g/mL,n=11).The recommended method has been successfully used for analysis of the glyoxal in similated sample solution.


FIELD: information technology. SUBSTANCE: method of logging errors of a coating apparatus, in which there is constant recording of data on the working process of the apparatus; recording the process data files; detection of a possible fault in the apparatus; generation of error search upon detection of a fault in the apparatus; recording the detected error; wherein the following data on the working process of the coating apparatus are recorded: data on components, characterising the coated components, data on operators, characterising interaction of an operator with the coating apparatus, and/or data on the apparatus, characterising the coating apparatus itself, wherein the preceding and/or subsequent time corresponds to a time interval over which at least one tray for components is passed through the coating apparatus, and recording (S2, S7) process data files and the detected errors is carried out with time resolution of at least 10 ms. EFFECT: improved error logging. 18 cl, 2 dwg


by Katie Dunne This study reviews the literature pertaining to genrefication of the fiction collection of an elementary school library. Literature was reviewed regarding issues related to reading in elementary school; the advantages of genrefication, including its impact on library users; and concerns related to genrefication, including the potential negative impact of genrefication on library users as well as possible alternatives to genrefication. Results indicate that, although genrefication may be utilized to create a student-friendly school library that enables elementary school students to understand and navigate the fiction collection, there are a number of concerns related to genrefication that might influence a librarian's decision regarding whether genrefication is the best choice for his or her student population and school environment. GENREFICATION OF THE FICTION COLLECTION IN AN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL LIBRARY by Katie Dunne An Research Paper presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Library Science and Information Services in the Department of Educational Leadership and Human Development University of Central Missouri


Alternatively activated (M2) macrophages regulate steady state-, cancer-, and inflammation-related tissue remodeling. They are induced by Th2-cytokines and glucocorticoids (GC). The responsiveness of mature macrophages to TGF-β, a cytokine involved in inflammation, cancer, and atherosclerosis, is currently controversial. Recently, we demonstrated that IL-17 receptor B is up-regulated in human monocyte-derived macrophages differentiated in the presence of Th2 cytokines IL-4 and TGF-β1. In this study, we show that mature human macrophages differentiated in the presence of IL-4, and dexamethasone (M2IL-4/GC) but not M2IL-4 responds to TGF-β1 which induced a gene expression program comprising 111 genes including transcriptional/signaling regulators (ID3 and RGS1), immune modulators (ALOX5AP and IL-17 receptor B) and atherosclerosis-related genes (ALOX5AP, ORL1, APOC1, APOC2, and APOE). Analysis of molecular mechanism underlying GC/TGF-β cooperation revealed that surface expression of TGF-βRII was high in M2GC and M2IL-4/GC, but absent from M2IL-4, whereas the expression of TGF-βRI/II mRNA, TGF-βRII total protein, and surface expression of TGF-βRIII were unchanged. GC dexamethasone was essential for increased surface expression of functional TGF-βRII because its effect was observed also in combination with IL-13, M-CSF, and GM-CSF. Prolonged Smad2-mediated signaling observed in TGF-β1-treated M2IL-4/GC was due to insufficient activity of negative feedback mechanism what can be explained by up-regulation of SIRT1, a negative regulator of Smad7, and the retention of TGF-βRII complex on the cell surface. In summary, mature human M2 macrophages made permissive to TGF-β by GC-induced surface expression of TGF-βRII activate in response to TGF-β1, a multistep gene expression program featuring traits of macrophages found within an atherosclerotic lesion.


Has a backing member having a bonding surface, a lower surface on one side, an inner electrode having a bonding surface on the other side, the lower surface on one side, and an outer electrode having a bonding surface on the other side, electrode assembly for a plasma reaction chamber used in semiconductor substrate processing. At least one of these electrodes has a flange extending below at least a portion of the lower surface of the other electrode.


ABSTRACT A high school art teacher and artist reflects on his training and grows with his students as he faces the challenge of balancing the teaching of theory and practice.


Antennas are the most used equipment for analyzing celestial objects as well as ground communications. In this paper, a motion simulator structure is theoretically designed for strength, modeled in three dimensional space and analyzed for fatigue loading. Initially the wind load calculations are carried out based on the standard formulas for 200Kmph speed. Every individual component of assembly is theoretically checked for the design safety. Further three dimensional modeling is carried out using CATIA software. Meshing is done through HYPERMESH and imported to ANSYS in 'inp' file format for further analysis to find the safety of the assembly for the given loading conditions. The analysis results are captured for both the loading conditions corresponding to the maximum and minimum loads. The result shows safety of the assembly for static conditions under both the cases. Similarly the fatigue analysis carried out on the structure also shows complete safety under the fluctuating loading conditions. Further modal analysis carried out to find the dynamic safety shows very high fundamental natural frequency compared to the operational frequency. All the results are represented with corresponding pictures to show structural safety.


Abstract : This review discusses literature on the technology development, engineering design database, and state-of-the-art of singlet oxygen generators based on the chlorine-basic hydrogen peroxide (BHP) reaction for COIL applications. Literature sources primarily consist of scientific journals, SPIE and AIAA proceedings, and U.S. Patents from 1978 to present. The SOG development has evolved from a rudimentary design (the chlorine-bubbler) to the rotating-disk design, and to the state-of-the-art design - a hybrid between the jet and the aerosol SOGs. Since these four types of SOGs share a common design approach, their performance typically falls in the range of 80% for the singlet oxygen yield and 98% for the chlorine utilization efficiency. Significant improvements, in terms of singlet oxygen flux and transport, chemical efficiency, and logistics requirements, are likely to be accomplished by developing a new generation of SOGs based on novel design approaches that can effectively manage the negative impacts of water from the chlorine-BHP reaction, system pressure, and heat of reactions.


The X-ray crystal structure of 9-benzyl-N6-methoxyadenine (2) has been determined. In the crystal, this compound exists in two different conformations with respect to the N(9)-benzyl group. Each conformer has been found to possess the syn-6-imino-1H-purine structure (13).


This study reported on the possibility of intoxications of non-target wild animals associated with use of bromadiolone as the active component of rodenticides with anticoagulation effects. A laboratory test was done with earthworms were exposed to bromadiolone-containing granules under the conditions specified in the modified OECD 207 guideline. No mortality of earthworms was observed during the fourteen days long exposure. When the earthworms from the above test became a part of the diet of common voles in the following experiment, no mortality of consumers was observed too. However, electrochemical analysis revealed higher levels of bromadiolone in tissues from earthworms as well as common voles compared to control animals. There were determined comparable levels of bromadiolone in the liver tissue of common voles after primary (2.34±0.10 μg/g) and secondary (2.20±0.53 μg/g) intoxication. Therefore, the risk of secondary intoxication of small mammalian species feeding on bromadiolone-containing earthworms is the same as of primary intoxication through baited granules. Bromadiolone bio-accumulation in the food chain was monitored using the newly developed analytical procedure based on the use of a liquid chromatography coupled with electrochemical detector (HPLC-ED). The HPLC-ED method allowed to determine the levels of bromadiolone in biological samples and is therefore suitable for examining the environmental hazards of this substance.


Tthis paper presents an innovative architecture for non- destructive imaging (NDI) within underground water pipelines. This NDI architecture consists of a free-moving wireless device that communicates with a gateway fixed on the ground. This device is equipped with a sensing element "hydrophone" responsible for imaging the condition of the pipe by continuously measuring the noise spectrum. The measured data is transmitted wirelessly to the gateway on real-time bases for further analysis. Advanced algorithms are applied on the data to get useful information about existing or futuristic leakages. A novel experimental setup has been designed and built for carrying out preliminary experiments. The acquired results have shown not only the ability to detect leakages but also identifying their magnitude


The present invention relates to a thermoplastic material hollow body, said method comprising forming a chamber of a multi-part mold molded at least two masticated thermoplastic sheet plate-shaped preform to form two complementary shells, and the method further comprises the shell are joined together to form a substantially closed hollow body, wherein the preform is introduced into the mold each have a chamber member opening means between then the member of the mold is closed against arranged on the pre-mold separation between the molded parts, and use of pressure to the preform is inserted into said chamber member and the molding of the said preform. In the subsequent separation step of the method, the mold is opened inside member of the hollow body and to be manufactured fastened to the housing. Finally, the connecting together by the mold and then closing the shell to form a closed hollow body.


Electrical trees can affect the distribution of electric field and space charge
in cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) cables, and play an important role in insulation aging and
breakdown of cables. Therefore, it is important to study the influence of electrical trees in cables.

In this study, the finite element method of second-order tetrahedral element and electromagnetic
theory method is used for calculation. A model of XLPE cable with three-dimensional
electrical trees is taken as an example for calculation.

The results show that the longer the trunk length is, the greater the electric field intensity at
the end of the branch is; the farther the electrical trees are from the insulation side of the high voltage,
the more the electric field intensity of each location decreases.

With the increase of the resistivity of the trees, the electric field intensity and charge
density tend to be stable at the end of the tree.


Purpose
This study aims to empirically investigate how the interaction effect of occasion-setting cues and consumers' cognitive styles (e.g. field dependence levels) influences their food intake intention.

Design/methodology/approach
In this research, several scenario simulation studies were conducted to verify the hypotheses. A total of 646 participants were recruited for the experiments, and samples were obtained through well-established online research platforms.

Findings
In the occasion-setting cue advertisement condition, field-dependent (vs field-independent) consumers displayed increased cravings for food and purchase intention, with mental simulation playing a mediating role and cognitive load playing a moderating role.

Research limitations/implications
The influence of others (e.g. servers and other consumers) was not taken into consideration in this study. Future research can extend this study by conducting field experiments.

Practical implications
The research conclusions can help various organisations reduce consumers' food overconsumption intention and encourage healthier food choices by adjusting occasion-setting cues in marketing stimuli and identifying the target consumers' cognitive styles.

Originality/value
Based on embodied cognition theory, this study reveals the influence and internal mechanism of the interaction effect between occasion-setting cues and individual cognitive style on eating desire.


The study aimed to identify the degree of participation on the part of the public industrial joint stock companiesin Jordan in activities related to social responsibility accounting, and to get to know the bases of applying it. Toachieve the purpose of the study, the two researchers designed a questionnaire and distributed it to the financialmanagers and accountants in the public industrial joint stock companies in Jordan included in Amman financialmarket during the month of May, 2013. The number of these managers and accountants was 81. Twoquestionnaires were assigned for each company, so the number of questionnaires which were used for analyticalpurposes was 98. (49 companies ×2). The study showed that these companies did participate in the activitiesconnected with the aspects of social responsibility accounting by using measures for applying them. However,these aspects of accounting were not given the same amount of attention. For example, priority was given to thequality of products and the protection of consumers; next came human resources and environment, while thelocal community came last. In addition, the act of disclosing social responsibility often takes the form ofdescriptive report within the framework of the annual financial reports. The study suggested that a joint accounting model for social responsibility be designed where the elements ofsocial activities are ordered according to their importance and disclosed. The study also stressed the need todevelop a style for displaying financial lists that reveals bases and detailed information about social performance,and the social activities performed by industrial companies.


Wireless technologies have been widely applied in many communication systems on Earth to enhance the transmission data rate, improve the receiving signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR), and increase the channel capacity. For flight mission and spacecraft design, reliable wireless systems will expand the scientific applications and research opportunities of planetary explorations. To retire key risks to use of wireless technologies in spacecraft design and space applications, in this research, we analyze its capability and propagation in the test and operational environments including thermal chamber and on-board of a rover at JPL Mars yard. The software-based wireless system consists a transmitting antenna, two receiving antennas, and a software defined radio, which enable one to transmit and receive multiple frequency band wireless signals with different modulations and a flexible data rate. Here, we summarize the signal propagation analysis of different test and operational scenarios. The propagation analysis demonstrates that the design of two receiving antennas provides about 20 dB improvement in the received power comparing to the single-antenna result. Additionally, the chamber test result shows significant multipath effects observed from the data collected from the two scenarios: 1) transmitting and receiving antennas are inside of the chamber, and 2) the inside-chamber receiving antennas receive signals from the outside-chamber transmitter. The statistical analysis of the Mars yard test indicates that signal power has relatively small standard deviation for the scenario in which transmitting and receiving antennas are aligned in the line of sight directiaon with a distance. The standard deviations increase for other scenarios that transmitter is set on rover's wheel, and receiving antennas are on the top of the rover probably due to multi-path effects. The investigation of propagation analysis will be beneficial to a design of a reliable wireless system toward the development of the spacecraft wireless networks in support of NASA's future flight missions (such as planetary aerobots, rovers, and spacecraft).


The article examines the school's organizational structure from a never-before-examined, unique perspective. Even though there is a great deal of research on the topica school's organizational profile has not yet been determined based the perceptions of the school's faculty, and the importance and interpretation they assign various criteria, such as: teamwork, delegation, feeling of stress and overload, flexibility in study time and curriculum content, and participation in creating the school's policies and vision. The manner in which these parameters are perceived among people with different roles in the organization is important when we come to understand the managerial-organizational behavior that is derived from the school's organizational profile. Therefore, the central research question for this article is how do the three roles perceive the organizational profile of the school? What is the importance given each of the parameters that comprise its organizational profile? Analysis of the teachers' responses presented a picture, according to which the criteria they regard as central to the school's organizational structure are: curriculum content and teaching methods, and innovation and changes in the organization. These areas are cornerstones in education and teachers, therefore, attributed significant importance to them. They stressed the need to expose those entering the school to a rich and varied education, to encourage curiosity and challenge in many disciplines with creative means, and the need for constant innovation.


Objective To explore the structure of correlations of smoking and drinking with pleasure-related behaviors during adolescence.Methods Confirmatory factor analysis(CFA) was used to analyses the structure of correlation between smoking,drinking,and several pleasure-related behaviors including eating snack,bitting objects,playing majiang,watching physical art and legend film or TV, having girl friend and truant in 1426 male high school students in China.Results The first-order CFA analysis suggest that a single underlying factor can account for the correlation among these factors except bit objects being excluded in the model.The second-order CFA analysis show that eating snack and bitting objects,playing Majiang and watching physical art and legending film or TV,smoking and drinking can be explained by a single latent factor respectively,these three latent factors can be explained a single latent factor, which truant and have girl friend can not enter into this model.Conclusion Smoking,drinking are components of pleasure-related behaviors and manifest from pleasure-related lifestyle.


‡A noise prediction and optimization system for turbofan inlet duct designs is developed. Such a system consists of a noise prediction system and an optimizer. A hybrid method for the noise prediction system is adopted: a CAA method for the duct and its near field and a Kirchhoff method for the far field. The noise prediction system is verified with several test problems, each emphasized on testing a specific aspect of the system. Excellent results are obtained for all the verification problems. The capabilities of the optimizer coupled with the noise prediction system are demonstrated with two optimization problems: liner impedance optimization and duct geometry optimization. The results show that the optimization can effectively change the noise level or the directivity pattern in the far field.


Robots can use information from people to improve learning speed or quality. However, people can have short attention spans and misunderstand tasks. Our work addresses these issues with algorithms for learning from inattentive teachers that take advantage of feedback when people are present, and an algorithm for learning from inaccurate teachers that estimates which state-action pairs receive incorrect feedback. These advances will enhance robots' ability to take advantage of imperfect feedback from human teachers.


In this work, the effects of bond coat species on the thermal barrier coating (TBC) microstructure are investigated under thermal cyclic conditions. The TBC samples are prepared by electron beam-physical vapor deposition with two species of bond coats prepared by either air-plasma spray (APS) or high-velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) methods. The TBC samples are evaluated in a variety of thermal cyclic conditions, including flame thermal fatigue (FTF), cyclic furnace thermal fatigue (CFTF), and thermal shock (TS) tests. In FTF test, the interface microstructures of TBC samples show a sound condition without any delamination or cracking. In CFTF and TS tests, the TBCs with the HVOF bond coat demonstrate better thermal durability than that by APS. In parallel with the experiments, a finite element (FE) model is developed. Using a transient thermal analysis, the high-temperature creep-fatigue behavior of the TBC samples is simulated similar to the conditions used in CFTF test. The FE simulation predicts a lower equivalent stress at the interface between the top coat and bond coat in bond coat prepared using HVOF compared with APS, suggesting a longer cyclic life of the coating with the HVOF bond coat, which is consistent with the experimental observation.


In connection with modernization and integration of the industrial enterprises, new industrial complexes creation, and change in keeping, attendance and feeding conditions, the agricultural animal reactions to the environment factors have considerably changed in the last decades. In connection with it the system «toxic substance (as a disease major factor) the host (agricultural animals) » suffered the certain changes that was showed by occurrence and distribution of the diseases, not registered in the similar forms earlier


The invention relates to a precursor carbonization plasma cladding reaction synthesized WC reinforced metal based alloy coating, which is characterized in that preparation of the coating combines precursor carbonization compounding, plasma cladding and reaction synthesis technologies. Specifically, the involved mixed powder comprises the following elements by mass: 10-30% of W, 0.5-2% of C, 9-12% of Cr, 1-1.5% of B, 0.8-1.1% of Si, 0.5- 0.8% of Mo, and the balance Fe, wherein the C is obtained by carbonization of a sucrose precursor at a low temperature and wraps the surface of the W powder. The coating has thickness of 2-5mm, the width of a single-channel cladding layer is 3-12mm, and the porosity is low. The coating is mainly based on an iron-based solid solution, WC, (Fe, Cr, W)7C3, (Fe, Cr, W)23C6, and Fe3W3C-Fe4W2C and other phases, the coating section hardness is 900-1650HV0.1, and the surface hardness is 60-70HRC. According to the invention, the problems of interfacial contamination, generation of a brittle phase and the like in the coating are improved, and also the production of the WC reinforced phase in the coating is substantially improved. The coating has excellent wear resistance and excellent corrosion resistance.


Effective attribution of ransomware attacks requires a way to characterize different variants and estimates their similarity to one another. Unlike other malware, ransomware deliberately discloses itself and interacts explicitly with the victim. This characteristic invites the application of insights from social systems. The resulting behavioral trace offers a richer characterization than the simple code signatures used to detect other forms of malware, but is also more complex and harder to characterize. Exploiting this trace forensically requires a distance measure between pairs of attacks. In the Ransomware Analysis as Dialogue for Attribution and Reconnaissance (RADAR) project, we developed such a measure based on representation of the attack behavior in a context-free grammar. We motivate this approach by insights from behavioral linguistics, summarize the grammar we have developed, present a series of increasingly refined grammatical distance measures, and illustrate their performance on actual attacks. Then we suggest applications of our distance measure to other problems of social modeling.


Fabrum Solutions, in collaboration with Absolut System and Callaghan Innovation, produce a range of large pulse tube cryocoolers based on metal diaphragm pressure wave generator technology (DPWG). The largest cryocooler consists of three in-line pulse tubes working in parallel on a 1000 cm3 swept volume DPWG. It has demonstrated 1280 W of refrigeration at 77 K, from 24 kW of input power and was subsequently incorporated into a liquefaction plant to produce liquid nitrogen for an industrial customer. The pulse tubes on the large cryocooler each produced 426 W of refrigeration at 77 K. However, pulse tubes can produce more refrigeration with higher efficiency at higher temperatures. This paper presents the results from experiments to increase overall liquefaction throughput by operating one or more pulse tubes at a higher temperature to pre-cool the incoming gas. The experiments showed that the effective cooling increased to 1500 W resulting in an increase in liquefaction rate from 13 to 16 l/hour.


The kinetics of the base-catalyzed addition of diethyl phosphonate to some substituted benzylideneanilines were measured by observing the disappearance of the Schiff bases spectrophotometrically. A first-order dependence of the rate on diethyl phosphonate, Schiff base, and ethoxide ion concentration was observed. An atypical Hammett relationship was obtained and a hypothesis advanced which explained the bending of the Hammett plot. The reaction mechanism proposed is discussed in relationship to the spectra and other experimental data.


Infra red photon-induced electrical performance degradation of several types of commonly used silicon solar cells has been studied with respect to 1 Mev electron fluence dependance, photon intensity, dopant atom type and concentration, and silicon growth (crucible grown or float zone). Proton irradiated cells have also been studied. Laboratory electronphoton degradation data is compared with flight data from the ESRO satellite HEOS A1 and the U.K. Satellite PROSPERO. The culprit minority carrier recombination centres remain, as yet, unidentified but it has been found possible to fabricate stable silicon solar cells by employing either high quality, low dislocation density silicon or aluminium rather than boron doped base silicon.


Progress in swept source laser technology and graphics processing unit (GPU) realized live volumetric OCT (4D-OCT). Shadowing is one of advanced rendering techniques to add more realistic spatial comprehension to objects in space. We developed and implemented a shadow extended ray casting technique to be applied for real time 4D-OCT, using both a SS-OCT and SD-OCT. Our results show that the shadow extended ray casting technique achieves greater threedimensionality in volumetric data through self-shadowing, and also improves depth perception of objects in space because of planar shadows projected onto a surface. The shadowing algorithm was implemented using texture memory of the GPU, which achieves surgeon-interactive surgical guidance of ophthalmic microsurgery.


Incorporating International Capital Mobility into SALTER by Robert McDougall is Working Paper number 21 in the development of The SALTER Model of the World Economy.

Available for download at: http://www.pc.gov.au/ic/research/models/saltermodel/workingpaper21


Starting from the educational goal of higher vocational economic mathematics course,this paper provides the implementation plan of economic mathematics course construction and reform form the perspectives of economic mathematics course system reform,materials construction reform,teaching method and evaluation mode reform and the development of mathematical modeling activity.


Keynote Papers.- Advances in Bridging the Gap: Using Virtual Reality to Enhance Productivity.- New Trends in Virtual Environment User Interface Research: Case Studies at the Human Interface Technology Laboratory.- Teraflop Visualization.- Virtual Reality in Medicine: Developing the Visualization and Interaction Technology for the 21st Century.- Making Virtual Worlds Work in a Real World.- Technical Papers.- Experiences from an Inhabited Television Experiment.- Grounding & Awareness Management: Two Architectural Principles for Collaborative Virtual Worlds.- Remote Object Translation Methods for Immersive Virtual Environments.- Meet.Me@Cyberstage: Towards Immersive Telepresence.- VR Geo - Planning Tool for the Redevelopment of Landscape.- Design of a Virtual Environment that Employs Attention-Driven Interaction and Prioritization.- Navigation in Real and Virtual Environments: Judging Orientation and Distance in a Large-Scale Landscape.- Analyzing Draft Tube Characteristics for Hydraulic Turbines in a VR Environment.- Collaborative Volume Rendering in a Distributed Virtual Reality Environment.- Sharing Virtual Environments over a Transatlantic ATM Network in Support of Distant Collaboration in Vehicle Design.- Architecture and Digital Exhibitions - The Einstein Tower World.- Hybrid Approaches to Interactions between Real and Virtual Humans in Mixed Environments.- An Interactive Face Robot Able to Create Virtual Communication with Human.- A Flexible Prototyping Tool for 3D Real-Time User-Interaction.- Reactive Virtual Environment System: LivingWorlds Multi-User World.- Strolling Through Cyberspace with Your Hands in Your Pockets: Head Directed Navigation in Virtual Environments.- Automatic Facial Expression Composition from Base Faces.- Symbolic Representations of Exclude and Include for Audio Sources and Sinks: Figurative Suggestions of mute/solo & cue and deafen/confide & harken.- "The Virtual Endeavour" - a VR-Gallery Application for Remote Multimedia Data Access.- Panel Reports.- Automotive Panel: Using VR in the Automotive Business.- Virtual Reality in the Telcommunications Industry - Current State and Future.- Industrial Case Studies.- Virtual Reality and the Link between Design and Engineering Analysis.- Virtual Environment for Education and Training in Safety Engineering and Maintenance.- Window into Virtuality - A Sales-Support-System Based on Ideas and Technology Components out of the Virtual Reality Area.- Virtual Reality Applications for Spacecraft Operations.- Industrial Application Potential of Virtual Reality - An Empirical Study of Demands, Barriers and Drivers.- Layout Planning of Manufacturing Systems with VR-based Construction Sets.- Creating VR-based Setups for the Study of Human Behaviour.- Applying the Third Dimension to E-Commerce.- Appendix: Colour Images.


Following the successful introduction of the euro in Western Europe, several regional economic blocs in Africa are planning to launch a common currency as an intermediary step towards the emergence of a single currency for the entire continent. The purpose of this dissertation is to tackle several economic issues related to monetary integration and empirically apply it to the context of the Southern Africa Development Community (SADC). In the first essay, we estimate trade potentials for southern African countries using the gravity model approach. More specifically, we use the level of infra-regional trade as predicted by the gravity model and compared it with the observed trade in order to assess the trade potentials in the region, as well as the South Africa's trade potentials with its SADC partners. Our results demonstrate that the observed trade flows among SADC countries are largely greater than the ones predicted by the empirical model. We also found that other SADC member countries over-trade with respect to South Africa. However, there are still some unexploited trade potentials for several pairs of SADC countries. The second essay deals with the issue of the choice for the optimal nominal currency anchor to which the national currencies of the region have to be pegged to. Using a panel of 63 countries, we obtained OCA indices a la Bayoumi and Eichengreen for SADC countries vis-a-vis five potential nominal anchor currencies, and we find that the optimal nominal currency anchor for these countries is the US dollar. We also find several pairs of SADC countries which are suitable for a common currency on the basis of the estimated OCA indices. In the last essay, we empirically assess the expandability of the CMA within the SADC by investigating the convergence of monetary policies of each SADC member to that of South Africa, a proxy for CMA. Empirical tests show evidence of long-run relationship between South Africa and two countries, namely Botswana and Mauritius suggesting that these countries may able to follow the leadership of the South African Reserve Bank. Following the results of the Granger-causality test, the leadership hypothesis in the strict sense is rejected for the case of Mauritius and Botswana. However, the only other country which shows evidence of following the South Africa's leadership in terms of Granger-causality is Malawi. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]


In the condition of pH 3.0-5.0, methyl blue (MB) reacts with kanamycin sulfate (KANA) or neomycin sulfate (NEO) to form ion association complexes, which lead to SE fading. The maximum fading wavelengths were located 608 nm(KANA) and 606 nm (NEO); The apparent molar absorptivity (e) is 2.44×10~4 L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1) for KANA and 2.99×10~4 L· mol~(-1)·cm~(-1) for NEO; Beer' law is obeyed in definite concentration arange. The method was applied to determine the content of the real sample with satisfactory results.


This project involves the development of an interactive graphing tool to aid lenders in the credit scoring process. Credit scoring is a system in which lenders assess the risk of individual credit applicants to determine whether or not to grant them credit. Our client, Fair, Isaac & Company (FICO), is the world's leading credit scoring consulting company. They aid in evaluating the current credit lending strategies for several financial institutions. These institutions constantly face tradeoffs such as maximizing profit while still maintaining a competitive market share when determining the optimal cutoff score. A cutoff score is represented by a specific credit score number in which all applicants above this number are accepted and applicants that fall below are denied. Our Capstone team designed a software package to help FICO visualize these tradeoffs incurred when managing credit portfolios. We developed an interactive tool to display the possible risks and/or benefits associated with credit portfolios.


S19 Figure 1 SOARS and 4C mortality score in PREDICT and ISARIC cohorts Spoken sessions A16 Thorax 2021;76(Suppl 2):A1–A205 on N ovem er 2, 2021 by gest. P rocted by coright. httphorax.bm jcom / T hrax: frst pulished as 10.113orax-2021-B T S absacts.25 on 8 N ovem er 221. D ow nladed fom in the PREDICT cohort and 9.5% in the ISARIC cohort were admitted despite SOARS score of 0–1. Conclusion SOARS and 4C Mortality Score remains valid and relevant to their purpose, transforming complex clinical presentations into tangible numbers, aiding objective decision making, despite evolving viral subtype and treatment advances altering patient demographic and mortality. More importantly both scores are easily implemented within urgent care pathways for safe admission avoidance especially to a VH model. The new normal? Novel and remote strategies for pulmonary rehabilitation S20 COMBINING PHYSICAL ACTIVITY BEHAVIOURAL MODIFICATION STRATEGIES ALONGSIDE COGNITIVE BEHAVIOURAL THERAPY DURING PULMONARY REHABILITATION IN PATIENTS WITH COPD: AN INTERIM ANALYSIS OF A PILOT RCT M Armstrong, E Hume, L McNeillie, F Chambers, L Wakenshaw, G Burns, K HeslopMarshall, I Vogiatzis. Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK 10.1136/thorax-2021-BTSabstracts.26 Introduction In patients with COPD, pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) improves exercise capacity, but continues to report inconsistent improvements in physical activity, particularly in those with low baseline physical activity levels. In addition, patients with elevated levels of anxiety and/or depression are typically less able to manage symptoms and improve physical activity. Objective To determine the efficacy of combining physical activity behavioural modification strategies (PA) with cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) during PR in improving patients' experiences of physical activity and steps/day in COPD patients with low baseline physical activity levels and high anxiety and/or depression. Methods In this pilot RCT, 23 patients (mean±SD: FEV1: 40 ±17%, baseline steps/day: 2913±1821, HADS Anxiety: 11±3, HADS Depression: 11±4) were assigned 1:1 to receive PR +CBT, or PA (comprising motivational interviews, step count monitoring, feedback using a pedometer and goal setting) alongside PR+CBT (PA+PR+CBT). Assessments included patients' experiences of the amount and difficulty of physical activity captured by the Clinical PROactive Physical Activity in COPD (C-PPAC) instrument, accelerometer steps/day, the 6MWT, CAT and HADS questionnaires. Results We found significant and clinically important improvements in favour of PA+PR+CBT compared to PR+CBT intervention in the C-PPAC total score and steps/day. Meanwhile, similar significant and clinically important improvements in the 6MWT, CAT and HADS depression scores were reported across both groups (table 1). Conclusions Providing anxious and/or depressed patients with physical activity behavioural modification strategies alongside CBT during PR is more favourable for improving patients' experiences of the amount and difficulty of physical activity and steps/day than providing CBT and PR. S21 FEASIBILITY OF SMARTPHONE-BASED PHYSICAL ACTIVITY TELE-COACHING IN LUNG TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS E Hume, H Muse, K Wallace, M Wilkinson, K Heslop-Marshall, A Nair, J Sanchez, J Benavent, J Roldan, S Clark, I Vogiatzis. Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Institute of Transplantation, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Chest Clinic, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Linkcare Health Services SL, Barcelona,


The results of experimental and theoretical studies of the filamentation of femtosecond laser pulses using a bimorph deformable mirror, which allows controlling the position of the filamentation domain throughout a model path due to phase distortions of different parts of a laser beam, determining localization of filaments and high-intensity channels in the beam cross section.


The binary equation as rendered is tautologous. This confirms a modified thesis of the captioned paper, that EPR is not a paradox and is resolved as an implication theorem.


Purpose: MicroRNA (miR)-211 was previously identified as a candidate biomarker for screening gastric cancer (GC) samples from noncancerous gastric samples based on miRNA microarray expression profiles. The current study aimed to explore the clinical significance of miR-211 expression in human GC. Methods: Expression levels of miR-211 in 160 pairs of human GC and matched normal mucosa tissues were detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Then, the associations of miR-211 expression with various clinicopathological characteristics and patients' prognosis were evaluated. Results: The expression level of miR-211 in GC tissues was significantly higher than that in matched normal mucosa (GC vs. Normal: 4.05±1.04 vs. 2.10±0.92, P<0.001). In addition, the overexpression of miR-211 (miR-211-high) was more frequently found in GC tissues with positive lymph node metastasis (P = 0.01), advanced TNM stage (P = 0.002) and great depth of invasion (P = 0.03). Moreover, high miR-211 expression was significantly associated with poor disease-free and overall survivals. Furthermore, multivariate analysis revealed that high miR-211 expression was an independent predictive marker for a poor prognosis in patients with GC. Conclusions: These findings suggest that miR-211 overexpression may promote the aggressive progression and increase the risk of death and relapse of patients with GC. MiR-211 might be a novel promising indicator for survival of this disease.


ABSTRACTIf detected early, squamous cell carcinoma can be cured. This type of cancer accounts for 90% of head and neck malignancies and can be highly metastatic. Radiation and chemotherapy are recommended for advanced lesions such as described in this case.


Patients with cancer enter a risk group of infectious diseases development. Pyo-inflammatory complications in such patients are developed significantly more frequently than in patients not suffering from tumor diseases. Opportunistic infections are clinically a negative factor; they hardly yield to specific therapy and have a tendency to repeatedly relapse due to the absence of the specific immune response to the infection in an organism. The article presents the results of the author's research of the development of opportunistic infections in patients with limphoproliferative diseases, residing in the North.


The phenomenon is fairly common, with one in every 80 adults showing cheeks pulp is slot of unprotected sex. As part
of a study, young couples revealed no different condom negotiation strategies to cope with unprotected sex. A study has
found that non-naked did not recognise that women who collapsed were having an arrest, leading to delays in calling the
emergency services and delays in providing resuscitation treatment.
A recent study found that adult's women engaged in unprotected sex even after being aware of the various risks associated
with it, when the desire to form lasting romantic relationships arises. According to the researchers from Pune University,
this is the first study to directly compare how heterosexual men, heterosexual women and men who have sex with men
(MSM) differ in their approach to condom-making decision with a new sexual partner. The study was published in the
Journal of Sex Research. The findings may help in explaining why some of the youngsters engage in unsafe sex even
though they are aware of the risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), HIV, cervical cancer, and unplanned pregnancy


Social networks are valuable resources for analyzing users' natural behavior. User profile information, social links and interchanging opinions among users in these networks can be used by social analyzers to discover mental and behavioral patterns of users in social networks. In this paper, news agencies are used as the social media to detect effective factors of diffusing contents in public. We believe that the volume of comments on content show how well the content has spread and attracted attentions. As a result, we extract features of contents to predict volume of comments. To achieve this goal, content of the news articles and its publication time are considered as two critical factors. A novel method for prediction of content diffusion is proposed and its accuracy is evaluated. The promising results of our experiments indicate that these factors can gain accuracy of at least 70%.


Purpose
Knowledge sharing, the most important process in knowledge management, enables knowledge-intensive organizations to foster innovations and to gain competitiveness. Universities, the best contemporary embodiments of knowledge-intensive organizations, nowadays face fiercer competition in the changing world. Knowledge sharing is the key for academic departments to gain competitive advantages through innovation. However, limited studies examined the relationships between top management support, knowledge sharing and affiliation and trust. Based on the literature review, this study developed a research model which aims to examine the relationship between top management support and knowledge sharing, and the mediating role played by affiliation and trust.

Design/methodology/approach
A questionnaire survey was conducted in eight universities in Hong Kong. Data gathered from 109 professoriate staff (including chairs, professors and [research] associate/assistant professors) were used to test the four hypotheses in the research model with partial least squares structural equation modeling.

Findings
The results showed that top management support has a positive impact on affiliation and trust, and that affiliation and trust also have a positive impact on knowledge sharing. However, this study showed an insignificant linkage between top management support and knowledge sharing. Therefore, this study confirmed the mediating role played by affiliation and trust.

Practical implications
Based on the results, this study provided recommendations on how academic management and knowledge management consultants increase the faculty members' affiliation and trust, for instance, mentoring, performance appraisal system, social interactions and communication pathways.

Originality/value
The findings of this study contribute to the literature in two ways. First, affiliation and trust are two interplayed elements of team climate that should be considered together. Second, this study validates affiliation and trust as a full mediator between top management support and knowledge sharing.


This paper presents copyright concerns which affect resources and services in higher education. Topics include: (1) a brief overview of the history of copyright; (2) a discussion of copyright components, including fair use guidelines; (3) copyright in libraries, specifically as it relates to reserves and interlibrary loan; (4) copyright in digital environments, including nonprint works, the Internet, and distance learning; (5) formalities and definitions, including copyright notice/registration, duration of copyright, copyright ownership, and requesting permission from the copyright owner; and (6) liability. Contains a 38-item bibliography of print and electronic sources. (MES) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. Copyright in the Academic Environment http://www.mtsu.edu/itconf/proceed99/Baird.htm Copyright in the Academic Environment: An Introduction Diane Baird, Librarian Karin S. Hallett, Librarian* Middle Tennessee State University Abstract Introduction Background Fair Use Copyright in Libraries Copyright in Digital Environments Formalities and Definitions Conclusion References Contacts PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BYIntroduction Background Fair Use Copyright in Libraries Copyright in Digital Environments Formalities and Definitions Conclusion References Contacts PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY


Following a successful pilot study, an enhanced recovery programme (ERP) was introduced across United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust for all patients undergoing elective colorectal resections. In this article, Jocelyn Fitzgerald outlines the results of its implementation, which illustrate a number of service improvements, including a reduction in length of hospital stay, an increase in surgery admissions on the day of surgery and no significant increase in readmission rates when compared with traditional practices.


Consideration is given to the facilities in earth orbit that would be required to prepare for a manned mission to Mars. It is suggested that the facilities required for the development of technology for a Mars mission include the Space Station, a variable gravity research station, and an assembly dock, in addition to ground facilities. The types of research that would be conducted at each of these facilities are examined.


5 Bedrooms Bedrooms 1 Room Rooms With 4 Bathrooms Bathrooms For Sale MILESTONE In 904 MILESTONE DRIVE, SILVER SPRING, Maryland 20904


The evaluation of public policies applied to shoreline management is a relatively new approach. The European Directive of Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) was transposed into French law in 2001, during which the legislator has stressed the need to put the tools into place to evaluate management approaches. The article addresses this topic by presenting the development of a method for evaluating the dynamic management of the coast. This method, taking support on different dimensions of integration, is used by the integrated management of the coastal zones. Thus, the six indicators that characterize it provide information on (i) the multipurpose approach, (ii) the inter-institutional coordination, (iii) the proper use of knowledge, (iv) the multi-scale approach, (v) the stakeholder participation, and (vi) the taking into account of sustainability. Hence, the methodology approach was adopted and tested in five sites of the Mediterranean French coast, with five groups of stakeholders representing (i) the services of the State, (ii) the local administrations, (iii) the professionals from the private sector, (iv) the civil society and (v) the scientific experts. Besides the results, this article focuses on the methods to develop and implement such approach and discusses its advantages and limits of application regarding a possible generalization to other cases on the coast. Received 31 November 2011, accepted 21 September 2012, available online 8 October 2012. Translated version not certified, published under the responsibility of the article authors. 4.14 : Revue Paralia – Vol. 5 (2012)


THE MAGNITUDE and frequency of deviation from the diploid chromosome number in normal human subjects have not, as yet, been firmly established. In most published reports, the control populations consist of laboratory or patient groups thought to be physically normal. The incidence of aneuploidy has been estimated recently (Jacobs et al., 1961, 1963, 1964; Hamerton et al., 1965; Court Brown et al., 1966), and the results indicate an association between hypoploidy and age, particularly in female subjects over 65 years of age. Since selection bias may be present in these studies, we undertook to investigate the chromosome constitution of a statistically determined probability sample of the population of the metropolitan area of Buffalo, New York. Such a population would yield information on the distribution of deviations from the diploid number in an unselected population and provide data for comparison with other groups of subjects. In addition, the collection of these data from an urban population in the United States affords a comparison with populations in other parts of the world and with cytogenetic data to be obtained in the future.


Achieving high‐performance near‐infrared (NIR) photodiodes is in great demand for potential applications like biometrics, security, artificial vision, biomedical imaging, etc. Herein, silicon naphthalocyanine (SiNc) small molecule‐based NIR photodiodes with narrowband absorption are presented. The optimized photodiode by varying the axial ligand in the SiNc molecules exhibits a high external quantum efficiency of 76.6% at 795 nm with narrow full width at half maximum of 80 nm, a very low dark current of 1.07 nA cm−2 at a reverse bias of −3 V, and the resultant detectivity of 5.66 × 1012 Jones. Further increase of the detectivity up to 1013 Jones is obtained by modulating the applied bias to −1 V, which is among the highest values of organic NIR detectors reported to date. The SiNc‐based photodiodes are further characterized by temporal response, linear dynamic range, etc., and shown to be stable in high humidity for over a month and in a remarkably wide temperature range (−55 to 125 °C). It is highly likely that the developed SiNc‐based photodiodes can be applicable to a wide variety of NIR sensor platforms.


This text provides a look at the multilayered professional lives of teachers, where moral, historical, personal and epistemological worlds merge. Using the language of the metaphor, the authors explore the realm of teachers' knowledge and how it applies to their lives.


The connectivities of all atoms in ascorbigen A, an important metabolite, were determined unambiguously for the first time. The connectivity between carbon atoms was established by 2D INADEQUATE, and one‐bond 13C–13C coupling constants were determined for all pairs of directly connected carbon atoms except for two strongly coupled carbon pairs. The 13C–13C coupling in one of the pairs was proved by a modification of standard INADEQUATE; however, the signals from the other pair were too weak to be observed. The connectivity within the two strongly coupled C–C pairs was confirmed by a combination of COSY and gHSQC; the latter experiment also identified all C–H bonds. The proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectra in dry dimethyl sulfoxide allowed identification and assignment of the signals due to NH and OH protons. The derived structure, 3‐((1H‐indol‐3‐yl)methyl)‐3,3a,6‐trihydroxytetrahydrofuro[3,2‐b]furan‐2(5H)‐one, agrees with the structure suggested for ascorbigen A in 1966.