Purpose – This paper aims to address students' expectations of classroom pedagogy. It suggests that meeting students' specific expectations of teaching, one of the core educational processes, could impact the perception of the overall quality of the educational experience.Design/methodology/approach – A survey was administered to 372 first‐year college students addressing their expectations regarding the use of various instructional pedagogies within the classroom and their desired or ideal classroom environment. A gap analysis was conducted between students' responses of the expected and the actual classroom environment.Findings – For eight of the 15 pedagogies, 25 percent or more of the students had a significant gap (greater than or equal to two) between their expected and actual classroom. The largest gap occurred in accessing the internet from class (34 percent) followed by the use of videos or DVDs (33 percent) and outside classroom assignments (30 percent).Research limitations/implications – A broa...


To enable manufacturing firms adapting their manufacturing capabilities to meet the market demands in a cost-efficient way the concept of reconfigurable manufacturing was initiated. A majority of the research within this field targeting production development has been focused on greenfield development methods, enabling the developers to ignore context and constraints that brownfield development methods cannot. The greenfield focus in reconfigurability research has resulted in how to find optimal solutions to reconfiguration problems. Taking a brownfield focus on reconfigurable manufacturing development would enable to move step-by-step towards a reconfigurable manufacturing strategy instead of the all-or-nothing approach of greenfield development methods. This study investigates through a literature review what assessment tools and methods that exists in literature, and classifies them into four categories, i.e. Configuration evaluation, Element of evaluation, Pre-design evaluation, and Potential evaluation. It is found that there only exist two assessment tools for potential evaluation. Through a multiple case study, the potential evaluation process is evaluated, and three gaps is identified, i.e. lack of connection to strategy, lack of predefined goals for reconfigurability, and the difficulty in interpreting the result of the analysis. These gaps are then address in a new conceptual assessment process for assessing the potential of reconfigurability. The conceptual assessment process links the six reconfigurability characteristics throughout the whole assessment process to link manufacturing strategy to the improvement suggestions.


Cells were grown in 3D culture, topological features obtained by photomicrography the cell viability and cell - correlates with cell-cell interactions.


The composition and working principle of a constant power adaptive control hydraulic system was introduced in this paper.Adopting a hydraulic servo regulation displacement equipment and constant power valves,the speed of hydraulic motor could adjust to the change of torque.In this way,the system achieved the function of constant power control.The power utilization and work efficiency of actuators were improved.


New insights into the adaptation of yeast to anthropic niches using comparative genomics. Focus on flor yeast.. EMBO Conference Series: Experimental Approaches to Evolution and Ecology


ABSTRACT This article examines the ground-breaking case of Gloucester Resources Limited v Minister for Planning and Environment in which, for the first time in Australia, a court endorsed the rejection of a coal mine partly on climate change grounds. This article provides an analysis of this case, which involved a challenge to a coal mine refusal, as a significant public interest case, and situates this case in the context of global climate litigation and previous litigation in Australia challenging the climate impacts of coal-fired power-stations and coal mines. It identifies how the decision established more ambitious, and climate-attentive, environmental standards for the assessment and approval of coal mines—especially due to its rejection of the 'market substitution' defense that has previously been relied upon by coal proponents and has been a major hurdle to successful climate litigation against coal mines in Australia. This article also suggests that this decision could, through its endorsement of the concept of a 'carbon budget', help advance future arguments that new coal mines and other fossil fuel developments should be refused due to the impacts climate change will have on a whole range of human rights.


Photons play a central role in performing general communication tasks. For long distance communications, photons will be lost on the way to receiver, and naturally a quantum communication system then needs to be equipped with functions to overcome the photon losses and to correct errors. We present several quantum repeater schemes and their potential implementation, and compare the advantages and disadvantages of each.


The present work intended to evaluate the salinity tolerance of the freshwater fish Heteropneustes fossilis at different ontogenetic stages, seeking alternative approaches to freshwater aquaculture in a challenging climate-change scenario for sustaining aquaculture production through static bioassay performance. H. fossilis of three different growth stages of 5-day larvae, 21-day fry, and 45-day fingerling were exposed to different salinity concentrations of 0 (T1), 2 (T2), 4 (T3), 6 (T4), 8 (T5), 10 (T6) and 12 (T7) ppt for 96 h to determine the median lethal concentration (LC50). No mortality was found in control group (0 ppt) at all the three stages during the exposure. In case of larvae, 100% cumulative mortality was found among 6 (T4), 8 (T5), 10 (T6) and 12 (T7) ppt within 84 h, 36 h, 3 h and 0.5 h of exposure, respectively while fry showed 100% mortality at 12 ppt ( T7) within 36 h of exposure. The LC50 values for 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 96 h exposure times were 6.61 ppt, 4.07 ppt, 2.95 ppt and 2.82 ppt, respectively for larvae; 10.71 ppt, 9.54 ppt, 8.51 ppt and 7.58 ppt, respectively for fry; and 22.38 ppt, 12.58 ppt, 11.48 ppt and 10 ppt, respectively for fingerling stages. The LC50 value after 96 h revealed higher tolerance among 45-day old fingerling (10 ppt) than 21-day old fry (7.58 ppt) and 5-day old larvae (2.81 ppt), demonstrating that survival in saline water depends on their age at initial exposure to low salinities. Normal feeding and behavioral response of fish were observed from 2 to 6 ppt salinity. The result suggests, H. fossilis is a potential candidate for aquaculture in slightly brackish water areas (2-6 ppt) of Bangladesh. © 2020 The Authors. Published by JFLS. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0). A R T I C L E I N F O Received: 08 July 2020 Accepted: 06 October 2020 Available online: 01 December 2020


I recently wrote to a friend and occasional Report contributor that part of the job of editor, as I understand it, is to recognize the merit in and, in effect, foster the advancement of work that one actually believes is in some sense wrongheaded. It's a point I want on the table as I introduce the two articles in this issue of the Report—not because I necessarily think these articles are wrongheaded, but because I want it clear that publishing the articles does not necessarily mean I or others at the Center think they are right, either. We publish articles that we think advance thinking, but that can mean publishing articles that challenge morally compelling positions. Thus, deciding whether one agrees with a position expressed in a paper is not the same as deciding whether the paper makes an important point and makes it well. The articles in this issue both depend on a somewhat similar distinction—roughly, between assessing a moral point and developing policy that would enforce that point. In the lead article, Lawrence Nelson and Brandon Ashby argue that though there are good moral arguments against physician participation in executions, those arguments are not so decisive that all reasonable people must accept them. In fact, there is room for reasonable disagreement about physician participation in executions, and as long as there is, professional medical organizations may discourage members from participating but should not destroy the careers of those who do anyway. In the second article, Chiara Lepora and Joseph Millum argue that physicians can sometimes appropriately decide to be complicit in torture, even though torture is wrong. Complicity is not always appropriate, they argue, and should always be minimized, but a blanket prohibition on complicity in torture is mistaken. In fact, carefully minimized complicity can actually be good for the people undergoing torture. This point, too, echoes a point Nelson and Ashby make: if executions are going to occur, it may well be beneficial for those being executed to have physicians participating in them. Some articles make for challenging reading because the arguments are intricate. These articles make for challenging reading because the topics are unpleasant.


When J.C. Flügel (1874–1955) died, Ernest Jones observed in his obituary that Flügel's most famous book, The Psychology of Clothes, seemed "to have been inspired by a personal foible, a dislike of conventional starched clothing and a keen interest in Dress Reform . . ."1 There is something apt about this mingling of the external and the "rational" with the internal and the mildly perverse, since Flügel's book is the first extensive study of Michael Carter


On the ground of the modiied displacement transformation a method of the construction of the eeective statistical operator for strongly non-ideal Fermi systems investigation has been developed. The general cheme is adopted to the homogeneous electron liquid model at the low temperatures without the limitation on the nonideality parameter r s .


A reduction in the track width of magnetic recording systems results in a welcome increase in areal density (AD), but also in the unfortunate appearance of extreme inter-track interference (ITI) that can severely deteriorate system performance. The effect of severe ITI may be mitigated through the use of coding schemes [1]. In this paper, therefore, we present a rate-5/6 two-dimensional (2D) modulation code that is designed based on a proposed single-reader/two-track reading (SRTR) technique to cope with this serious problem in staggered bit-patterned media recording (BPMR) systems. We then evaluate the bit-error rate (BER) performance of the proposed system in the presence of media noise, e.g., position and size fluctuation. Our simulation results indicate that, at the same user density (UD), the proposed system is better than an uncoded system by about 1.0 dB at the BER of $10 ^{-5}$ and is also superior to a conventional recording system.


A photoelectric conversion device, and a multi-layer wiring structure that includes a photoelectric conversion element, and a plurality of wiring layers disposed in such a way that through the interlayer insulating film over the semiconductor substrate disposed on the semiconductor substrate. Wherein in this arrangement is, suppress the diffusion film is the uppermost wiring layer and the interlayer insulating layer - also serve to suppress diffusion of material forming the uppermost wiring layer film suppressing the diffusion, said wiring layer, at least the uppermost wiring layer formed on, the diffusion suppressing film of the and covering a region corresponding to the photoelectric conversion element, a lens is disposed with respect to the region corresponding to the photoelectric conversion element of the diffusion suppressing film. Photoelectric conversion device, an interlayer insulating film, the wiring, the multi-layer wiring structure, the uppermost wiring layer, the diffusion suppressing film


The catalogue of demons in chapter 27 mirrors the structure of the list of deities elsewhere in the Bundahišn. The first part of the chapter is devoted to a description of the nature of Ahriman, followed by a list of the six archdemons, the major demons, and finally other minor fiends. The chapter's concluding digression on Hell seems to be an interpolation.


The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is a method for multi – criteria decision making. It consists principally of three levels – Main Goal, Criteria and Alternatives. The Main Goal level can be extended into forces and actors influencing the decision making process, the Criteria level can be divided into criteria and sub – criteria, whereas the decision alternatives can be treated as action scenarios and prognostics of their effects. In turbulent environments of actual global economic reality the number of criteria that need to be taken into account when making strategic decisions can be broad. Theoretically the more determinants at the preparatory stage, the better decision making. In fact, multiplying the number of factors can obfuscate the main goal and result in inefficient final decision. For this reason some kind of rationalization of amount of criteria seems to be necessary. According to T. L. Saaty, the author of AHP method, the number of criteria and alternatives analyzed in decision making processes should not exceed 7 (+/- 2), which gives 9 criteria / alternatives maximum. The article attempts at finding a method for reducing the number of factors taken into account when performing data collection for future decision making. Geopolitical determinants of functioning of international corporations have been used as criteria. The author tries to emphasize the aspect of final decision quality, which should not be impoverished because of limitations of amount of analyzed criteria and strategic alternatives.


Provided is a coaxial waveguide converter, which improves the flatness of a reflection coefficient within a band in a simple manner. The coaxial waveguide converter comprises: a cavity-shaped waveguide connecting member, a coaxial external conductor connected to the cavity-shaped waveguide connecting member, and a coaxial internal conductor axially arranged inside the coaxial external conductor along the coaxial external conductor and inserted in the cavity-shaped waveguide connecting member. The coaxial waveguide converter further comprises: an electromagnetic parameter adjustment member which is built in a cavity of the cavity-shaped waveguide connecting member and used for reducing an effective dielectric constant and an effective magnetic permeability of the coaxial waveguide converter. The coaxial waveguide converter provided in the present invention does not change the external geometric shape and geometric size of a coaxial waveguide converter, is simple and easy in implementation manner, is low in costs, but can effectively improve the flatness of a reflection coefficient within a band.


All states have statutory provisions outlining programs of protective services for children who are abused and neglected. The focus of the state abuse and neglect laws is on three discrete, but related situations in which protection of the child in danger of abuse or neglect arises. These are: (1) the decision to remove the child from its home; (2) the efforts to return the child to its home, once it has been removed; and (3) the decision to terminate parental rights and place for adoption. This presentation looks briefly at each of the three areas, listed above, and describes the objectives of the law, how those objectives were to be attained and some of the problems that have arisen.


Maps are powerful tools in the study of dynamical systems that are intrinsically discrete in time. Difference systems described by maps exhibit much richer dynamical behavior than differential systems, because of the emphasis they intrinsically place on occasional "high-frequency" transient kicks. For example, the standard map – with pulsed gravity – displays chaos, while the analogous gravity pendulum does not. Maps also speed up simulations enormously, by summarizing complex dynamics in short form. Accelerator physics offers a variety of such systems, like RF systems (represented by the standard map) and motion in the presence of sextupoles (Henon map). This paper summarizes the state of the art of cubic maps used to simulate electron clouds, and coupled maps used to simulate interacting electron and ion clouds. Coupled maps are capable of demonstrating the first order phase transitions (from cloud "off" to "on" or vice versa) that are sometimes seen in practice, and enable the practical extension of electron cloud simulations to include relatively slowly evolving ion clouds.


Beginning this year, AEC contractors are being required to submit dose evaluations as low as 1.7 mrem/yr to the surrounding public from their installations. This small incremental dose exists within the framework of a natural background of about 130 mremlyr. Some of the pitfalls in estimating these small doses, especially with regard to skyshine, are discussed. It is shown that, for any accuracy at all, better data must be generated for the neutron-vs-distance curve. However, the need for measuring, or even estimating, such small doses is brought into question.


This paper applies a modified, truth-revealing Ronen-McKinney (1970)/Groves-Loeb (1976) intrafirm transfer pricing mechanism for interdependent products to evaluate the relative economies of alternative organizational structures. In particular, the mechanism's communication efficiency is compared for two common organizational structures: (i) product-line divisionalization and (ii) functional divisionalization. While there are no differences in communication efficiency for the two organizational forms when independent products are involved, the analysis suggests that product-line divisionalization provides for more efficient communication than functional divisionalization when interdependent products are involved.


Many physical, cognitive and psychological symptoms can be seen in neurological diseases. Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurological disorder arising from the degeneration of neurons, is characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms. Along with motor symptoms, psychiatric symptoms that are included in non-motor symptoms can also be seen in PD. PD symptoms, genetic predisposition, side effects of pharmacological treatments, psychosocial factors; can cause psychiatric conditions such as anxiety, depression, impulse control disorder, and psychosis. It has been determined that the most common psychiatric disorder in PD is depression, followed by anxiety. Although the presence of psychiatric comorbidities in PD is high, it is often overlooked by clinicians during the diagnosis and treatment process. These factors should be taken into account in the diagnosis process and treatment strategies of Parkinson's patients should be structured in a multifactorial manner.


As advancement is rapidly pushing these days, these methods for developing grow further, and the system of how its capacities are moreover hugely improved. A lot of thought has been passed on to hydroponics, aquaponics and aeroponics developing inciting various advancements that brief huge overhauls in its methodology. This paper takes IOT into thought and planning aptitudes for the checking system for smart farming. With the support of Wemos, which offers particular parameters such as temperature, sensors and switchthese are inside and out sent through a movement of affiliations and after that passing it to the web interface using a remote framework where every one of the information is moved continuously with a console screen where the customer can see the information revived in milliseconds.
The researcher can in like manner watch all as of late accumulated plants in the other tab of the system. For the results, the numbers are very awe-inspiring as the researcher inputted an outstandingly mind-blowing analysis of the structure. Under the value class, it got a 4.0 score that gives amazing engraving. Under reliability, it got the score of 3.4 which falls under the extraordinary engraving. Usability, having 4.2 scores for the superb engraving. Adequacy having a 3.6 score for good engraving. Reasonableness with 3.3 concentrations for another incredible engraving and portability with a perfect 5.0 concentrations to get a fabulous engraving. Totaling all which gives 4.7 centers that gives the system a for the most part astounding report.


Semiconductor structures are discussed in which the dopant impurities are arranged in an ordered or at least a partially regular manner. Various electronic properties of such arrays are examined, and it is shown how a layer of dopant atoms in silicon acts as a sensitive and tunable IR absorber.


A scenery is a coloringof the integers. Let {St}t≥0 be a recurrent random walk on the integers. Observing the sceneryalong the path of this random walk, one sees the colort := �(St) at time t. The scenery reconstruction problem is concerned with recovering the scenery �, given only the sequence of observations � := (�t)t≥0. The scenery reconstruction methods presented to date require the random walk to have bounded increments. Here, we present a new approach for random walks with unbounded increments which works when the tail of the increment distribution decays exponentially fast enough and the scenery has five colors.


An analysis is made of the factors affecting the running models of regional rapid rail lines on the basis of overseas experiences.The key factors are passenger characteristics and line functions.The principles are proposed for choosing the running models of Shanghai regional rapid rail lines,and a system of evaluating indexes is established.A case study is conducted on the running models of Shanghai regional rapid rail line 3,and the results show that the running model of this line should be sectional.


Writing is a productive skill highly addressed in the ESP classroom. Students learning a foreign language have to learn how to create accurate structured texts with organized ideas to convey relevant meaning. The aim of this study is to analyze and categorize written mistakes produced by 1st cycle foreign students from different nationalities (i.e.: Romanian, Moroccan and Bulgarian) in the English for Engineering module at a Spanish university. The objective is to examine written language accuracy in formal letter writing such as enquiring and complaint letters, to detect any intercultural interference as to mother-tongue influence and other language varieties in the learning of curricular and linguistic knowledge. We believe that studies such as the one presented here allow teachers to provide students with written corrective feedback which may have a positive impact on students' writing skills (Li, 2000), in this case, foreign students enrolled in an ESP module at a Spanish university.


Abstract Although the role of the laity is increasingly recognized, in the Orthodox world pastoral theology still mainly concerns the ordained ministries of deacon, priest and bishop. Monasteries of monks and nuns also exert an important influence. Orthodox pastoral theology is shaped by the New Testament and therefore is not fundamentally different from other Christian approaches. However, there are two distinct emphases that colour every aspect of pastoral practice: liturgy and the inner life. This focus on worship and prayer is meant to lead to inner transformation (Rom. 12.2) that in turn transforms behaviour and social action. The article discusses the link between liturgy and pastoral practice, teaching on inner life (confession, self-knowledge, spiritual reading), monastic influence, attitudes towards psychology, and some of the contemporary pastoral tasks as various Orthodox cultures are thrown together in countries of immigration such as Great Britain.


Geological and biochronological studies on the Argolis Peninsula (Pelagonian - Subpelagonian Domain) -also based on petrological data on the ophiolitic rocks- allowed us to propose a new tectonic unit succession; from the bottom upwards: a- the Trapezona Unit (Early-Middle Triassic - Late Jurassic; Pelagonian continental margin); b- the Dhimaina Ophiolitic Unit (Middle Triassic-Late Jurassic/Early Cretaceous oceanic realm, covered by an Early Cretaceous- Eocene "Mesautochthon; c- the Iliokastron Melange Unit (Middle-Late Jurassic - Early Cretaceous) in the northern Argolis and the Adheres Melange Unit (Cretaceous-Paleocene) in the southern Argolis; d- the Faniskos Unit (Late Jurassic-Eocene).
Based on a close examination of the paleogeography of the continental margin successions and of their possible relationships with the ocean floor successions, we propose a model for the evolution of the oceanic and continental domains of this section of the Hellenides during the Triassic-Eocene interval, and we try to frame it into the evolution of the whole Dinaric-Hellenic orogenic system. This model hypothesises the opening, during Middle-Late Triassic time, of a single ocean in the Dinaric-Hellenic realm (the Vardar Ocean), which continues its spreading phase until the Middle Jurassic when, an intra-oceanic subduction zone, testified by the presence of IAT volcanites and boninitic rocks developed contemporaneously with MOR basalts. During the Late Jurassic obduction of the ophiolitic units onto the continental margin began. During the Early Cretaceous, the complete thrusting of the Dhimaina Ophiolitic Unit onto the Trapezona Unit occurred. During Eocene, and particularly after the Ypresian, the different units reached their present tectonic setting.


Direct numerical simulations are used to study the effect of intraventricular flow patterns on the pumping efficiency and the blood mixing and transport characteristics of the left ventricle. The simulations employ a geometric model of the left ventricle which is derived from contrast computed tomography. A variety of diastolic flow conditions are generated for a fixed ejection fraction in order to delineate the effect of flow patterns on ventricular performance. The simulations indicate that the effect of intraventricular blood flow pattern on the pumping power is physiologically insignificant. However, diastolic flow patterns have a noticeable effect on the blood mixing as well as the residence time of blood cells in the ventricle. The implications of these findings on ventricular function are discussed.


For CSP (C.S.Peirce) the appearance of the printing press in the 16 th -century means that Anglo-Saxon, a fundamentally phonetic written system, evolves into two radically different languages: written English with fixed spelling rules, and the spoken idiom depending on the idiosyncratic particularities of the speakers. Such spoken practices give way to the creative process of conversationalism. This article argues that CSP's use of the term twitter must be understood in this context, as related to the "winged words" of Homeric language.


Images captured by mobile camera systems are subject to distortions that can be irreversible. Sources of these distortions vary and can be attributed to sensor imperfections, lens defects, or shutter inefficiency. One form of image distortion is associated with high Parasitic-Light-Sensitivity (PLS) in CMOS Image Sensors when combined with Global Shutters (GS-CIS) in a moving camera system. The resulting distortion appears as widespread semi-transparent purple artifacts, or a complex purple fringe, covering a large area in the scene around high-intensity regions. Most of the earlier approaches addressing the purple fringing problems have been directed towards the simplest forms of this distortion and rely on heuristic image processing algorithms. Recently, machine learning methods have shown remarkable success in many image restoration and object detection problems. Nevertheless, they have not been applied for the complex purple fringing detection or correction. In this paper, we present our exploration and deployment of deep learning algorithms in a pipeline for the detection and correction of the purple fringing induced by high-PLS GS-CIS sensors. Experiments show that the proposed methods outperform state-of-the-art approaches for both problems of detection and color restoration. We achieve a final MS-SSIM of 0.966 on synthetic data, and a distortion classification accuracy of 96.97%. We further discuss the limitations and possible improvements over the proposed methods.


As the popularity of the portable document format (PDF) file format increases, research that facilitates PDF text analysis or extraction is necessary. Heading detection is a crucial component of PDF‐based text classification processes. This research involves training a supervised learning model to detect headings by systematically testing and selecting classifier features using recursive feature elimination. Results indicate that decision tree is the best classifier with an accuracy of 95.83%, sensitivity of 0.981, and a specificity of 0.946. This research into heading detection contributes to the field of PDF‐based text extraction and can be applied to the automation of large scale PDF text analysis in a variety of professional and policy‐based contexts.


The aim of this article is to discuss the contribution of the late ecclesiastical medieval thought for the construction of the concept of sovereignty. Like the modern state, this concept has a long genesis: it is part of a process of legal and political transformation, which provided a new mapping of power (relations) and loyalties in Europe. The building of this new system of power has the creation of a new legal order as its counter part. Such a new order redefines the bonds of command and obedience, constitutes political units as areas of exclusive jurisdicti on and esta blishes among the se units relations of equality: none of them understands it self as subordinate to another. All the se questions can be understood as disputes over jurisdiction: who judges and punishes civil crimes or violations of religious rules? The powers to legislate, to chan ge the law, to decide as the final instance and to control the use of the force constitute what the modern authors named sovereignty. The objective of this paper is to show the contribution of the so called lawyers popes of the thirteenth century to the development of some key elements of the notion of sovereignty.


The cultivation of innovative talents in applied colleges is the core task of China's modern vocational education system. and teachers' educational ability can effectively solve various problems of students' development, promote their comprehensive and healthy development. Based on the analysis of current policies and domestic status quo, the article constructs teachers' educational ability in applied colleges. It aims to guide the teachers to effectively carry out moral education, aesthetic education, ecological education, ideological education, etc during the teaching of professional knowledge and skills and after-school interaction, and to implement the important task of the new era: "Adhering to the principle of high moral values establishment and people cultivation, strengthening the school's ideological and political work, promoting educational reform, and cultivating socialist builders and successors of all-round development."


In today's knowledge based economy, innovation is a crucial factor for success and survival of businesses. Therefore, all industries highly to be in need of effective innovation management .In this research , a comprehensive model of innovation management (Total Innovation Management – TIM ) have been designed on the basis of an extensive theoretical review and according to the incorporated systemic approach . The TIM model embraces the most main factors and aspects of a broad view of effective innovation management in industrial organizations,included innovation resources , innovation processes and outcomes ( 26 hypotheses ). The model was then examined and validated through an empirical and field study among industry managers .The data gathering instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire which its reliability coefficient was accepted .The Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analytical methodology by LISREL software was used to analysis the data. Research findings indicate that the hypotheses was supported and the model was validated .The TIM model embraces three main comprehensiveness related to innovation resources, innovation processes and outcomes. The model has suggested a comprehensive innovation management system, that included several sub-systems .


An isolated inverter based on differential output is proposed. The inverter is composed by two phase-shifted full bridges (PSFB) converters. The two PSFBs share a common leg which works as the lagging one on the primary side. Two current-doubler synchronous rectifiers (CDR) are on the secondary side and constitute differential structure. With the same DC bias and phase-reversed AC components in the two PSFBs, an AC output voltage is acquired. Compared to traditional H-bridge inverters which claim high-quality outputs, the new configuration has the potential capability to obtain ultra-low distortion in output voltage without using any special control or compensations, because there is no duty cycle loss in each PSFB. Moreover, switches on the primary side can realize zero voltage switching (ZVS) within a wide load range, while the ones on the secondary side can achieve zero current switching (ZCS). Finally, simulation model and a 1kW prototype are built to verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.


Currently, there is limited data regarding the outcomes of lupus nephritis (LN) with moderate to severe renal failure at presentation (defined by low glomerular filtration rate; GFR <30 mL/min).


This paper presents the effect of fiber orientation angle on the stress intensity factor SIF for carbon epoxy composite plates with single-edge, center, and inclined cracks of varying lengths under tensile load. The stress intensity factor and shape factor were calculated individually for each case, with nine different fiber orientation angles computed using the extended finite element method XFEM concepts. It is found the stress intensity factor increases with increasing crack lengths while the shape factor decreases. In the case of single edge cracks, the SIF increases in the average value reached (173 %) for composite plates with different fiber orientation angles, while in the case of the center crack, the average value of SIF reaches (81 %). It was observed in this study that the increases in stress intensity factor and the decreases in the shape factor with different crack lengths were more stable in the composite plate with a fiber orientation angle of 75°. The higher values of SIF at an angle of 75° are because of the high probability of fiber slippage at 75° due to induced shear stresses in addition to the tensile stresses at the fiber-matrix interface. As a result, the crack tip has a high-stress intensity factor.


THE remarkable literary flowering of twelfth-century France grew from the fruitful meeting of representatives of different intellectual traditions, the collaboration of the laymen of the feudal courts and of those trained in monastic and cathedral schools.' This mixing occurred most often at the courts of great lords, either because authors met personally in that varied and changing society or because they wrote for an audience which they knew had sophisticated and eclectic tastes. Among these centers the court of Henry the Liberal and Marie of Champagne was one of the most important, notable for the education and patronage of its count and countess, for the prominence of the many scholars and authors associated with it in one way or another, and for the quality of its literary remains. Ever since 1883, when Gaston Paris declared that it was a northern center for the dissemination of the doctrines of l'amour courtois,2 the court of Champagne has interested literary and social historians alike. It is therefore surprising that there is no historical study of the court of Champagne more recent or more concerned with literary matters than that which Henri d'Arbois de Jubainville in* This article was originally prepared as part of my doctoral dissertation, "The Court of Champagne under Henry the Liberal and Countess Marie," submitted to the Department of History at Princeton University in May 1959 and reproduced photographically by University Microfilms, Ann Arbor, Michigan. My gratitude to Professor Joseph R. Strayer for his supervision, to the Fulbright Exchange Program for making possible a year's work in France, and to many others is acknowledged in the dissertation itself. For this reworking I gratefully acknowledge the kind assistance of Mlle Jeanne Vielliard and the staff of the Institut de Recherche et d'Histoire des Textes for continuing to send me microfilms, transcriptions, and points of information, and of Professors Berthe M. Marti and William J. Roach, who read my article in manuscript and improved it greatly, without having any responsibility for its contents. The financial aid of a Special Faculty Research Grant from the University of Pennsylvania was most welcome. 1 See the summary statement of Reto R. Bezzola, Les Origines et la Formation de la lifttrature courtoise n occident, 2: La Socigtg feodale et la transformation de la litt&rature de cour (Paris, 1960), p. 129. The third part of this great work will cover the courts of the later twelfth century. Cf. the opinion summarized by Urba:n T. Holmes, Jr, "The Idea of a Twelfth-Century Renaissance," SPcmum, xxvi (1951), 644. 2 "Etudes sur les romans de la table ronde. Lancelot du Lac: II. Le Conte de la Charrette," Romania xii, 523.


There are many aspects that shoud be paid attention in producing a high strength concrete. The aim of this research is to determine water-cement ratio and mixing time that can produce concrete with maximum pressure strength. The  pressure strength planned is 425 kg/cm2 and 500 kg/cm2 with cement content 520 kg/m3 and 600 kg/m3, water cement ratio 32.5%, 35%, 37.5%, 40%, 50% and variation of mixing time 1,2,3,4, and 5 minutes.  This research show that concrete with water cement factor 32.5% in 28 days, produced pressure strength K425 and K500 which have weight is 510 kg/cm2 and 588.16 kg/cm2 which is higher that the strength planned. The result also gets the different of the water-cement ration  40% to the normal concrete. In the other hand, concrete with mixing time 2 minute, 0.4 m3 mixer capacity and ± 20 rpm round speeds, produced strong pressure concrete K500 in 28 days.


The efficiency of building a surrogate model for the output of a computer code can be dramatically improved via variable-fidelity surrogate modeling techniques. In this article, a hierarchical kriging model is proposed and used for variable-fidelity surrogate modeling problems. Here, hierarchical kriging refers to a surrogate model of a highfidelity function that uses a kriging model of a sampled lower-fidelity function as a model trend. As a consequence, the variation in the lower-fidelity data is mapped to the high-fidelity data, and a more accurate surrogate model for the high-fidelity function is obtained. A self-contained derivation of the hierarchical kriging model is presented. The proposed method is demonstrated with an analytical example and used for modeling the aerodynamic data of an RAE 2822 airfoil and an industrial transport aircraft configuration. The numerical examples show that it is efficient, accurate, and robust. It is also observed that hierarchical kriging provides a more reasonable mean-squared-error estimation than traditional cokriging. It can be applied to the efficient aerodynamic analysis and shape optimization of aircraft or any other research areas where computer codes of varying fidelity are in use.


In a preliminary study it was found that the corneal stroma of living rabbits can be shrunk by the brief application of concentrated salt solutions. In most cases the changes reversed in time but in a few animals it appeared that a permanent flattening of 2 to 3 diopters remained.


Hybrid organizations are those in which two or more institutional logics are combined in new ways. For-profit social enterprises are often characterized as hybrid organizations because of two logic...


The purpose of this research is to improve the mathematics learning outcomes of social arithmetic subjects for students through the application of the contextual teaching and learning (CTL) cooperative learning model. The research method used is classroom action research which is carried out in two cycles. The subjects of this study were students of class VII.2 of SMP Negeri 1 Pemenang, totaling 21 students. This research instrument uses observation sheets, documentation, and tests. While the data analysis technique used is quantitative descriptive analysis. The results of this study indicate that student learning outcomes have increased by an average of 9% obtained from the average evaluation of student learning outcomes from the first cycle is 76% then increased in the second cycle to 85%. Based on data analysis during cycles I and II, it can be concluded: (1) The application of the CTL cooperative learning model is the best alternative in learning mathematics, (2) The application of the cooperative model can create participatory and multidirectional learning, (3) Through the application of the CTL cooperative learning model, it can improve student learning outcomes. The results also show changes in the classroom atmosphere that tend to be democratic and changes in teacher attitudes to care more about the classroom atmosphere.


Soil quality is in decline in many parts of the world, in part due to the intensification of agricultural practices. Whilst economic instruments and regulations can help incentivise uptake of more sustainable soil management practices, they rarely motivate long-term behavior change when used alone. There has been increasing attention towards the complex social factors that affect uptake of sustainable soil management practices. To understand why some communities try these practices whilst others do not, we undertook a narrative review to understand how social capital influences adoption in developed nations. We found that the four components of social capital – trust, norms, connectedness and power – can all influence the decision of farmers to change their soil management. Specifically, information flows more effectively across trusted, diverse networks where social norms exist to encourage innovation. Uptake is more limited in homogenous, close-knit farming communities that do not have many links with non-farmers and where there is a strong social norm to adhere to the status quo. Power can enhance or inhibit uptake depending on its characteristics. Future research, policy and practice should consider whether a lack of social capital could hinder uptake of new practices and, if so, which aspects of social capital could be developed to increase adoption of sustainable soil management practices. Enabling diverse, collaborative groups (including farmers, advisers and government officials) to work constructively together could help build social capital, where they can co-define, -develop and -enact measures to sustainably manage soils.


Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) can be considered as a vast class of therapeutic targets. PPIs play critical roles in all biological functions and are often dysregulated in disease. Despite their functional role both inside and outside the cell, over the past decades PPIs have been neglected as undruggable targets. This was in part due to the fact that PPI interfaces are generally flat and large (roughly 1,000– 2,000 Å 2 per side), in contrast to the cavities that typically accommodate small molecules (around 300–500 Å 2). Another challenge is that unlike enzymes or G protein-coupled receptors there is no endogenous ligands or substrates to start the drug design process. Starting around the years 2000 and up to now, a clinically approved integrin antagonist (tirofiban) and other numerous investigations suggest a hopeful emerging view: small drug-like molecules can modulate PPIs. Mutational analysis of protein interfaces revealed that just some amino acids present at the interfaces were directly responsible for the protein-protein complex stabilization which are defined as hotspot residues. Hotspots tend to be located as clusters around the center of the interface on both protein partners that is often called hot region. Small molecules that interact with these hotspot residues can inhibit protein-protein interactions which kwon as orthosteric inhibitions. Experimental HTS (high throughput screening), fragment-based lead discovery and other related biophysical approaches have been used to assist the rational design of low-molecular-weight and low-complexity molecules as PPI inhibitors. PPI inhibitors bind at the hotspot and mimic the types of binding interactions made by the partner. Small molecules that are optimal to block PPIs would need to have a 3D structure and shape that allow the distribution of functional groups in several small subpockets. Hence, orthosteric inhibitors are usually larger than 500 Da, more lipophilic, more aromatic and more complex 3D than the average compounds in an HTS library. Over the last decade, about 50 PPIs have been targeted and several inhibitors have been identified and reached clinical trials. One of the examples of PPIs is HIV integrase interaction with LEDGF/p75. Integrase is one of the key enzymes in HIV replication, which mediates integration of the viral cDNA into the host genome by catalytic reactions. Due to its limited genome, HIV needs to use cellular co-factors for efficient replication in the host cell. LEDGF/p75 (The human protein lens endothelial growth factor), a transcriptional co-activator interacts with integrase and facilitates insertion of viral cDNA …


Children are not just small adults. Depending on age and skeletal maturity, they demonstrate typical lesions. All major ankle ligaments, except the interosseous ligament, either insert or originate from the tibial and fibular epiphysis. In young children, the physeal structures are more likely to break than the ligaments. After a sprain of the ankle, we observe avulsion fractures of the ligaments or physeal fractures as described by Salter and Harris. In adolescents ligamentous ruptures can occur and, because of the asymmetric physeal closure, two- and threeplane fractures (transitional fractures) appear.


Through 4.2MW water-fire tube shell hot water boiler hydrodynamic experiment and calculation, the attained data are analyzed and certified the circulation velocity in raisers may be largely increased by installing sprayer - supply water injectors in downcomers inlet and water circulation reliabilities are ensured.


The longitudinal plasmons in the plasma of conductivity electrons between the surfaces of a thin flat conductive film are investigated. It is shown that these plasmons lead to a resonant behaviour of the optical power coefficient of E-wave interaction with this film. The conditions for appearance of these plasmon resonances are found, and peculiarities of the dependence of the resonant frequencies on the film characteristics are revealed.


The paper attempts to trace the impact of Indian Dalit Literature focusing on the question of Identity as well as Equality; cruelties by the subjugated group, exploitation of the untouchables, caste segregation, oppression by the dominant class, suppression of women turn out to be the subjects of this new genre of subaltern literature. The voiceless anger from the deep-rooted souls of the downtrodden weaker minds are clearly depicted in the writings which are articulated as Poems, short stories, novels or essays along with their biographical accounts in many case.


: The article describes issues based on developing students' communicative competence in the framework of the competence-based approach. The main goal of learning a foreign language is communicative competence. Communication, communication lies at the basis of all human activity, is an incentive for action, the basis of our judgments and ideas about the world, contributes to the effective interaction of people. As well as, in the context of teaching foreign languages, we should talk about the dialogue of cultures and intercultural communication, where the communication process becomes more complicated, since the participants may have different views of the world, which leads to a misunderstanding of information.


The potential success of any given business enterprise is contingent upon its organizational performance, which entails the ability to efficiently and effectively execute strategies that are linked to realization of institutional objectives (Randeree & Al Youha, 2009). In essence, firm performance can be considered as the actual output as measured against the corresponding intended outputs (Tomal & Jones, 2015). Similarly, performance is viewed as the degree to which a company, as a social system endowed with a bundle of tangible resources, intangible resources and capabilities, is able to actualize both the short term and long-term objectives. Javier (2002) posited that firm performance is more or less equivalent to economy, efficiency and effectiveness of execution of intended social activities.


Most early reports of implemented World-Wide Web (W3) medical record systems describe single institution architectures. We describe W3-EMRS, a multi-institutional architecture, and its implementation. Thorny problems in data sharing underlined by the W3-EMRS project are reviewed.


(57) There is a tip (10) is described which extends axially along a central longitudinal axis (L) and configured to move the ground when the tip (10) is rotated around its central longitudinal axis (L) during a soil moving operation for a foundation pile. The tip (10) includes a tip body (120); a plurality of tip-out of the body (120) projecting helical ribs (130); and a plurality of the ribs (130) disposed projections (140). The protrusions (140) include a tip (150) which is arranged so that during rotation of the tip around its central longitudinal axis (L), the tip (150) of the projection (140) leads the rib (130) to which the projection (140) is provided. The tip body (120), the ribs (130) and the projections (140) are manufactured as a one-piece casting.


Flood is the flow of water at the ground surface that is relatively high and cannot be accommodated by drainage canals or rivers, causing inundation in an amount that exceeds normal and causes harm to humans. This flood disaster usually occurs in the lowlands around rivers, especially rivers that have various environmental problems such as factory waste, plastic waste, soil erosion, and so on. One of the rivers that often experience these flood events is the Citarum River, where the river has the title of the dirtiest river in the world. In order to reduce the impact caused by flooding, a Real Work Lecture (KKN) program was held by conducting community service regarding natural disaster mitigation training as an effort to minimize the impact of the risk of economic loss in the Citarum River basin, West Bandung Regency. The program is aimed at SMPN 1 CIhampelas students who are geographically close to the Citarum watershed. The method used is materialization regarding environmental problems in the Citarum watershed, the causes, and effects of flooding and its prevention, and disaster mitigation carried out when a flood occurs. After conducting the materialization, students were asked to discuss and explain how to mitigate floods when they occur at the school. Based on the results of the materials and tests carried out, it was found that students succeeded in conducting presentations on flood disaster mitigation, understanding the causes and effects of floods and how to prevent them, and understanding the importance of preserving the environment, especially in the Citarum River basin.


Studies on social capital have produced major evidence for the contention that a firm's social capital has an important implication on organisational performance and innovation (Leana and Van Buren, 1999). More recently, there is research that suggest that there are highly significant links between people's network and their learning (Van der Krogt, 1998). Utilising individual knowledge and skills is increasingly becoming a core task in the field of Human Resource Development (HRD). Herein, the skills and knowledge that is created within organisations can be seen as created through groups rather than by isolated individuals (Field, 2005). The premise of this study was that within the organisational context, the ability for an individual to acquire new skills and knowledge depends on different types of connections between organisational members. In turn, this is effected by the composition of social capital. The underlying reason of this premise is that individuals construct their own organisational context in which the acquirement of skills and knowledge takes place. The more connected employees are with others in the organisational context, the more likely they will be knowledge productive or innovative. These inter-person connections in organisations prove to be a major vehicle to organise and to understand work-related learning processes.


The semi-Markov general probabilistic model of the critical infrastructure operation process without considering the separation of operating environment threats is applied to the identification of the port oil piping transportation system operation process. Further, considering a significant influence of the critical infrastructure operating environment threats on its operation process and safety, more precise and convergent to reality model of the critical infrastructure operation process related to critical infrastructure separated operating environment threats is applied to this piping system operation process identification. The results of both models are compared and discussed.


In0.53Ga0.47As based gate-all-around (GAA) MOSFETs are very promising for high frequency applications because they deliver higher current and transconductance compared to their Si counterparts. In ultra-short GAA nanowire (NW) and nanosheet (NS) MOSFETs, heat accumulation in the channel region has become a serious issue as it raises the average lattice temperature several degrees above the ambient temperature (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{T}_{\text A}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>). The increment in the average lattice temperature, also known as self-heating, degrades current driving capability and the linearity behaviour of the devices. In this work, the impact of self-heating on the linearity performance of In0.53Ga0.47As based GAA NW and NS MOSFETs has been investigated with the assistance of thermally calibrated TCAD simulation results. The effects of structural parameters of NW and NS MOSFETs, like gate oxide thickness (TOX), the diameter of nanowire (d), the width of nanosheet (W), and the number of nanowires/nanosheets (N) on linearity performance have been extensively studied using the linearity figure of merits, such as VIP3, and IIP3. Moreover, the impact of self-heating mitigating techniques on the linearity performance of devices has also been explored in this work.


This anticipate is expected to build up a web based Hospital Administration System, which is utilized to handle all operations in clinics, and can give a superior administration to patients. Keywordcatchphrase registration, login, admit, treatment, accessing.


The overriding goal of software visualization (SV) technology is to be effective—that is, to provide functionality that people actually want to use (usefulness), and to provide non-problematic access to that functionality (usability). Nonetheless, the eight extant taxonomies of SV focus almost exclusively on technology expressiveness: the kinds of visualizations that can be produced with a system, as well as the methods prescribed by the system for generating and interacting with those visualizations. However, while expressiveness is necessary for effectiveness, it certainly is not sufficient. To enhance the navigational markings of the expressiveness-laden map charted by past SV taxonomies, this meta-study critically assesses the state-of-the-art with respect to SV effectiveness. The meta-study's focus on effectiveness implies the need to abandon both the SV system as its unit of analysis, and the SV systems literature as its principal data. Accordingly, SV is reconceptualized as a collection of human tasks; the empirical studies that have considered those tasks form the study's data. The meta-study's data differ along three key dimensions: their theories of effectiveness, their research techniques, and their research foci. Different choices along any of these dimensions lead to accounts of effectiveness that differ markedly—both qualitatively and quantitatively. To draw out the differences to which alternative choices lead, the meta-study pursues in-depth analyses of divisions of labor (indicating theories of effectiveness); units of analysis, data collection/analysis methods, and desired results (indicating research techniques); and research questions, SV artifacts, target programs, participants, and SV tasks (research foci). In light of the SV effectiveness studies' overriding interest in pertaining to SV in practice, a provisional analysis of their ecological validity is additionally offered. A synthesis of the analysis both proposes theories of effectiveness, research techniques, and research foci that appear ripe for future research, and recommends that future research be firmly grounded in ethnographic descriptions of SV in practice.


This paper discusses the status and role of the modern vocational schools mold manufacturing laboratory in teaching practice,mold manufacturing laboratory in the construction and management of the main problems,from system integration to improve the effectiveness of teaching and the optimization and reorganization three aspects,to explore the main ways to strengthen the vocational school mold manufacturing laboratory building.


In low‐pressure environments, precipitation of graphite is hindered at low to moderate temperatures by the high solubility of carbon in C‐O‐H fluids and by kinetic barriers to nucleation. Those low‐temperature fluids that do attain saturation tend to precipitate graphite continuously during flow and cooling, thereby producing widely dispersed films of low‐crystallinity graphite. In contrast, at high temperatures, particularly when combined with high pressures, the precipitation of graphite is enhanced by decreased solubility of carbon in C‐O‐H fluids and by improved nucleation under those conditions. The longevity of fluid systems in high‐temperature, high‐pressure terranes permits efficient, long‐term scavenging of dispersed carbon from the crust. The latter may be redistributed in a much more concentrated form as fluids rise, cool and decompress, and as the carbon is finally precipitated as highly crystalline graphite in fracture systems. The combined effects of the thermochemical controls on carbon solubility and the geological controls on fluid generation, movement and P–T  pathways are the reason that large, epigenetic graphite deposits form dominantly at high temperatures and pressures. Those high‐temperature, high‐pressure conditions, in turn, account for the uniformly high crystallinity of the fluid‐deposited graphite.


In the study of the linguistic modeling of facial images we have been previously concerned with deriving qualitative descriptions such as "big eyes, long hair" of face components. To enhance this system we extend our approach at deriving higher level, qualitative descriptions. In particular, we focus on describing facial expressions. Our approach is that of qualitative modeling based on fuzzy number modeling. The result of this modeling method is a collection of fuzzy if-then rules obtained from input-output data. The input data consists of measurements of the movement of facial parts associated to different facial expressions. The output data consists of scores for face images collected using a questionnaire. In this paper, we show the modeling result obtained from this method for the facial expression "happy". While the modeling results are satisfactory the initial recognition results are limited, due in part to the absence of the models for the remaining facial expressions.<<ETX>>


OBJECTIVE
To determine whether neurodevelopmental treatment (NDT) in the care of stroke patients is effective with respect to the functional status and quality of life (QoL) during one year after stroke onset.

DESIGN
Prospective, non-randomised, comparative parallel group design.

METHODS
324 consecutive stroke patients from 12 Dutch hospitals were divided into 2 groups: an experimental group (n=223), in which nurses and physiotherapists used the NDT approach, and a control group who received conventional therapy (n=101). Functional status was assessed with the Barthel Index. Primary outcome was considered poor when the Barthel Index <12 after 1 year or when the patient had died. QoL was assessed with the 'Stroke adapted sickness impact profile'-30 and on a visual analogue scale.

RESULTS
At 12 months, 59 patients in the NDT group (26%) and 24 patients in the control group (24%) had a poor outcome (corresponding adjusted odds ratio: 1.7; 95% CI: 0.8-3.5). At point of discharge and after 6 months, the adjusted odds ratio was 0.8 (95% CI: 0.4-1-5) and 1.6 (95% CI: 0.8-3.2) respectively. The adjusted mean differences of the QoL measurements did not show statistically significant differences between the 2 study groups at 6 and 12 months after stroke onset.

CONCLUSION
The NDT approach was not an effective method in the care of stroke patients. Health care professionals need to reconsider the use of the NDT approach.


•i¸,_......... _/ f ' •_U_ i/,i•NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATIONTECHNICAL NOTE D-1579PERFORMANCE CAPABILITY OF SINGLE-CAVITY VORTEXGASEOUS NUCLEAR ROCKETSBy Robert G. RagsdaleSUMMARYAn analysis was made to determine the maximum powerplant thrust-to-weightratio possible with a single-cavity vortex gaseous reactor in which all the hy-drogen propellant must diffuse through a fuel-rich region. An assumed radialtemperature profile was used to represent conduction_ convection_ and radiationheat-transfer effects. The effect of hydrogen property changes due to dissocia-tion and ionization was taken into account in a hydrodynamic computer program.It is shown that, even for extremely optimistic assumptions of reactor crit-i icality and operating conditions, such a system is limited to reactor thrust-to-weight ratios of about 1.2×i0 -S for laminar flow. For turbulent flow_ the maxi-mum thrust-to-weight ratio is less than i0-S. These low thrusts result from thefact that the hydrogen flow rate is limited by the diffusion process. The per-formance of a gas-core system with a specific impulse of 3000 seconds and a pow-erplant thrust-to-weight ratio of 10-2 is shown to be equivalent to that of alO00-second advanced solid-core system. It is therefore concluded that a single-cavity vortex gaseous reactor in which all the hydrogen must diffuse through thenuclear fuel is a low-thrust device and offers no improvement over a solid-corenuclear-rocket engine.


he incremental conceptualiser (INC), cf figure 1, is a model f the first stage of the human language production system ccording to Levelt (1989). The starting point of conceptulisation can be located at different places in cognition, deending on the domain that is spoken about. INC generates nline descriptions of events. This is a twofold restriction. irstly, it only generates verbal descriptions of events (situtions). Descriptions of objects and other concepts could be enerated along similar lines, but this is not done. Secondly, t operates in an online setting, ie the verbalisations are prouced while the events take place. Hence, INC is strongly ata-driven. This allows to correlate input and output, which s a means to overcome the major difficulty in investigating onceptualisation: it is never directly observable but only via nother modality, eg language, gesture, movements, etc. To cope with the dynamics of the online setting an increental mode of operation is used. The characteristic behaiour that is exhibited by incremental models is that output is roduced before all input, which may be relevant for the corect and complete computation of the corresponding output, s available. It is usually achieved by the parallel (cascaded) rocessing of a sequential information stream, ie that as soon s a piece of information (an increment) was processed on ne stage it is passed on to the next stage and the next input ncrement is read in. INC can generate verbal descriptions for two domains: moion events and sketch generation events. For each domain here is a perceptual pre-processing unit, which is not part of NC. The output of these units are perceived entities, ie simple oncepts that are the starting point of conceptualisation. The utput of the conceptualiser are special conceptual structures preverbal messages) that correspond to the semantic strucures of Jackendoff (1990) in their level of abstractness. The overall conceptualisation task is subdivided into four ain tasks: construction of the current conceptual representtion (CCR), selection of the events (situations) that are decribed verbally, linearisation of the selected events, and genration of preverbal messages describing these events. The onstruction process is supported by the concept matcher, hich matches the incoming perceived entities onto producions stored in the concept storage (CS) in order to build up ierarchical conceptual structures. For a more detailed decription of INC see Guhe, Habel, & Tschander (2003). Instead of developing INC within a unified cognitive archiecture like Soar (Newell, 1990) or ACT-R (Anderson and Leiere, 1998) I built it 'from scratch'. The main reason for this s that the phenomenon of incrementality is best modelled by cascade of processes that work in parallel (here: construcion, selection, linearisation, and PVM-generation). However, ealising notions like 'process' and 'cascade' is rather diffiult in unified cognitive architectures. selection construction


Recent genome-wide scans for association have identified a linkage disequilibrium block on chromosome 2 (q24.3), containing the G6PC2 and ABCB11 genes, in which common genetic variation has been shown to increase fasting glucose levels in the normal population [1,2]. The G6PC2 intergenic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs560887 has been reproducibly shown to alter fasting plasma glucose levels, with an increase of 0.06 mmol/l per copy of the variant [1,2]. Currently, studies have not conclusively established that the most strongly associated SNP is working through G6PC2 , but the consensus is that G6PC2 is a stronger candidate based on conditional analysis and biology [1–5]. G6PC2 encodes the islet-specific glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit-related protein that is located within the endoplasmic reticulum of pancreatic B-cells [3]. The protein has been characterized as a B-cell-specific autoantigen target in Type 1 diabetes [6]. The function of G6PC2 in the pancreatic B-cell is unclear, but it is hypothesized that it may counteract glucose phosphorylation by glucokinase [4]. This hypothesis is supported by evidence from knockout mouse models, since mice have a mild metabolic defect with decreased fasting plasma glucose levels of 15% [4]. A common coding variant (P446L) in GCKR encoding glucokinase regulatory protein has recently been shown to be associated with decreased fasting glucose levels [7,8]. The only other published gene in which common genetic variation has been reproducibly shown to increase fasting glucose levels is glucokinase ( GCK ), where a common promoter variant increases levels by 0.06 mmol/l per copy of the variant [9]. Rare mutations in GCK cause a spectrum of monogenic forms of pancreatic B-cell dysfunction, including permanent neonatal diabetes (PNDM), maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) and hyperinsulinaemia of infancy (HI) [10]. Therefore we hypothesized that rare mutations in G6PC2 may also play a role in the pathogenesis of monogenic forms of B-cell dysfunction, including PNDM, MODY and HI. To test this hypothesis we screened the five exons (including the intron–exon junctions), the 5 ′ and 3 ′ UTRs, and the promoter of G6PC2 using six pairs of M13 tailed primers to amplify the gene (Genbank reference NM_001081686). Primer details are available as supplementary online methods information. Amplicons were sequenced on an ABI3700 DNA analyser using standard protocols and analysis was performed using Mutation Surveyor v3.2 (Softgenetics, Cambridge, UK). Sequence variants were confirmed by re-amplifying a fresh dilution of DNA. Co-segregation in family members and the presence of variants in non-diabetic control subjects were used to assess the pathogenicity of genetic variants identified. We sequenced the four groups of patients with monogenic diabetes phenotypes in whom the genetic aetiology was unknown. These groups were: 72 unrelated subjects with permanent diabetes diagnosed before 6 months of age, with a median age of onset of 5 weeks (range 0–26); 116 subjects with a MODY-like phenotype diagnosed with diabetes before 25 years of life [median 18 years (3–25)], body mass index (BMI) ≤ 30 kg/m 2 , non-insulin dependent, and an affected first-degree relative (114/116); 42 subjects with a phenotype suggesting a defect in glucokinase but with no abnormality of the GCK gene, GCK-like MODY, diagnosed with diabetes before the age of 30 years [median 18 (1–30)], a mean fasting plasma glucose of 6.6 mmol/l and a mean BMI of 23.6 kg/m 2


The equilibrium and Lyapunov stability properties for two-dimensional ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) plasmas with incompressible and homogeneous (i.e., constant density) flows are investigated. In the unperturbed steady state, both the velocity and magnetic field are nonzero and have three components in a Cartesian coordinate system with translational symmetry (i.e., one ignorable spatial coordinate). It is proved that (a) the solutions of the ideal MHD steady state equations with incompressible and homogeneous flows in the plane are also valid for equilibria with the axial velocity component being a free flux function and the axial magnetic field component being a constant, (b) the conditions of linearized Lyapunov stability for these MHD flows in the planar case (in which the fields have only two components) are also valid for symmetric equilibria that have a nonplanar velocity field component as well as a nonplanar magnetic field component. On using the method of convexity estimates, nonlinear stabili...


This article outlines how recent scholarly interventions about notions of race, ethnicity and nation in the ancient Mediterranean world have impacted the study of early Christianity. Contrary to the long-held proposition that Christianity was supra-ethnic, a slate of recent publications has demonstrated how early Christian authors thought in explicitly ethnic terms and developed their own ethnic discourse even as they positioned Christianity as a universal religion. Universalizing ambitions and ethnic reasoning were part and parcel of a larger sacred history of Christian triumphalism. Christian thinkers were keen to make claims about kinship, descent, blood, customs and habits to enumerate what it meant to be a Christian and belong to a Christian community. The narrative that Christians developed about themselves was very much an ethnic history, one in which human difference and diversity was made to conform to the theological and ideological interests of early Christian thinkers.


Relationships we have with our friends, family, or colleagues influence our personal decisions, as well as decisions we make together with others. As in human beings, despotism and egalitarian societies seem to also exist in animals. While studies have shown that social networks constrain many phenomena from amoebae to primates, we still do not know how consensus emerges from the properties of social networks in many biological systems. We created artificial social networks that represent the continuum from centralized to decentralized organization and used an agent-based model to make predictions about the patterns of consensus and collective movements we observed according to the social network. These theoretical results showed that different social networks and especially contrasted ones – star network vs. equal network - led to totally different patterns. Our model showed that, by moving from a centralized network to a decentralized one, the central individual seemed to lose its leadership in the collective movement's decisions. We, therefore, showed a link between the type of social network and the resulting consensus. By comparing our theoretical data with data on five groups of primates, we confirmed that this relationship between social network and consensus also appears to exist in animal societies.


The Organization of American States (hereinafter OAS) is the only setting for dialogue and political meetings of all the countries of the Hemisphere, and in recent years democracy has become a priority objective and value. Therefore, the aim of this article is to analyze the role that the OAS has had and may have in Latin American democracies, through its political commitments and its normative body. It is stated that the capacity of the OAS to promote and defend democracy depends on the existence, or not, of an ideological consensus in the political systems of the region on the priority that this universal value has, and that only with a vocation of greater supranationality will it be able to promote and defend to democracy.


The design and development are based on Device Net fieldbus,information and control layer which is of the three-tier industrial control network.The lowest layer of network is configurated with various integrated laboratory equipments charged with machine,electricity,liquid and gas.The test equipments enriched the whole industrial control network and process equipment,and formed a complete industrial network experiment and engineering application platform.The research and development of this training platform have more practical significance,on the promotion of new technologies and engineering applications.


Every day, amateur consumers buy art and craft supplies from stores like Michael's Arts & Crafts, collect camera accessories to help demonstrate their originality in photography, or get software to facilitate the production of their own musical compositions or video collages. Consumer resources (e.g., time, effort and money) committed to such purposefully creative consumption are often considerable. So it leads to the question: why do consumers engage in proactive creativity? Drawing on Terror Management Theory, this research seeks to understand one unconscious driver of creative consumption: existential thoughts which ebb and flow with an individual's life changes, societal events, and media portrayals. In particular, we investigate under what circumstances mortality salience does and does not stimulate creative consumption.Conceptual BackgroundMortality Salience and Creative ConsumptionTerror Management Theory seems to suggest mortality salience's boost on interest in creative consumption. This theory deems unconscious mortality fear as a driving force of various human behaviours and proposes a dual-component model of attaining self-esteem and bringing mortality fear under control. First, an individual needs to subscribe to a worldview. Second, he/she needs to ascertain the belief that he/she lives up to the cultural standards prescribed by that particular worldview. A higher level of self-esteem, whether dispositional or experimentally induced, has been shown to buffer mortality anxiety (Greenberg et al., 1993). Terror Management Theory contends that due to its protective function, when reminded of their mortality, people strive to enhance self- esteem. Experimental data over two decades repeatedly show that mortality salience leads to various forms of self-esteem striving (for a review, see Pyszczynski et al., 2004).Being creative is a source of self-esteem in many cultures, especially valued in current American society. Because mortality salience stimulates self-esteem striving, and because expressing one's creativity may help enhance one's self-esteem, it follows that mortality salience would amplify one's interest in being creative. With consumption as the focus, this research represents the first attempt to experimentally test the causal link between mortality and creativity:H1: Mortality salience increases individuals' interest in creative consumption.Note that H1 focuses on mortality salience's effect at a very basic level. Competition for consumers' attention, time and energy is not considered.The Moderating Effects of Creative Tendency and Levels of Creative ChallengeSome research in existential psychology imply that in the repertoire of mortality anxiety buffers, to some individuals, being creative may not have the same appeal as some other coping mechanisms. Before the audience announces acceptance (if any), the creator stays isolated and cannot connect to them through his/her creative acts. It means that bringing up the prospect of death, the fundamental isolation, may make some people less attracted to creative acts that constitute another form of isolation. Lay epistemic theory cites a different mechanism in leading to the same inference. For people with elevated need for nonspecific closure that is induced by mortality salience, creative activities would not have much appeal compared to non-creative routine activities. Creativity is characterized by infrequency, originality, and deviation from the norm, which is inherently riddled with uncertainty. When mortality is salient, for individuals who are not accustomed to embracing creative challenges, creative activities may aggravate those feelings of uncertainty elicited by death.Does mortality salience spur or suppress creativity? There may be room for both perspectives, given the right conditions. More creatively prepared individuals have more skills and experiences to utilize, which may offset the downside of creativity. …


It is known that the tremendous structural units in a polymer chain can result in a larger free volume of the bulk, which can effectively decrease the dielectric constant of...


Recent trends in the science of marine protected areas (MPAs) highlight the need to strengthen the integration between socioeconomic and ecological aspects in the early stage of the planning process. So far, however, the magnitude and relevance of the socioeconomic consequences of MPA creation are still highly uncertain. Here, we present a synthetic review of the empirical evidences of benefits and costs (B/Cs) of MPAs, in order to inform the planning of future protected areas.


Since the 1970s, it has been acknowledged that environmental education has an essential role to play in fostering environmental interrelations to promote sustainable societies, however, the theoretical and practical debates within environmental education are ongoing. There is an argument that divergent understandings of the environment need to be interpreted if interventions that are participatory and accommodate participants' environmental frameworks are to be planned. Research was carried out to verify whether the theory of social representations could assist environmental educators in interpreting participants' lifestyles and perceived needs. Accordingly, data were collected on environmental social representations within a group of 10 urban women from Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. The objective was to understand the impact of such representations on the women's environmental awareness and assess the applicability of such data to planning environmental education interventions. The women's social representations were interpreted as being directed by five mediators, namely cultural heritage, identity, the media, religion and situation, which influenced their environmental practices and understandings. The interpretation process also illustrated contradictions in identities and situations that impacted on the women's environmental awareness. Interpretation of social representations offers valuable information about participants' conceptual frameworks and indicators of themes appropriate to planning educational interventions.


This discussion paper resulted in a publication in: (W. Jansen and J.G. Bethlehem eds.) 'Compstat 2000, Statistics Netherlands', 2000, pages 13-14. Adaptive Polar Sampling is proposed as an algorithm where random drawings aredirectly generated from the target function (posterior) in all-but-onedirections of the parameter space. The method is based on the mixed integrationtechnique of Van Dijk, Kloek & Boender (1985) but extends this one by replacingthe one-dimensional quadrature step by Monte Carlo simulation from thisone-dimensional distribution function. The method is particularly suited for the analysis of ill-behaved surfaces. Anillustrative example shows the feasibility of the algorithm.


Geospatial data, specifically semantic 3D building data, plays a crucial role in urban energy analysis as spatial calculations using 3D geometries usually form the basis for energy simulation and modelling needed for numerous smart cities applications. Additional information describing the building stock, such as building materials and energetic properties but also data not directly linked to urban morphology such as weather data, environmental data, vegetation or socio-demographic data sets are required for these applications. A major drawback in the widespread applicability of urban energy analysis is the lack of available data sets as well as the costly and lengthy labor-intensive process of generation of those data sets (e.g. 3D city models or LIDAR data). While recent years have seen an opening up of urban data sets through free and open data portals, web services, and APIs that are used for urban energy analysis, data standardization and varying data quality still raises big challenges. This research explores different methodologies for the generation and usage of semantic 3D city models based on free and open data sources and software. In this paper, we describe four different methodologies for the generation of semantic 3D city models from available open data (geospatial data portals, LIDAR data, Open Street Map data, and remote sensing) and the tools required to achieve the task. To evaluate the suitability of these open-data sets for smart cities applications, multiple energy models, such as an energy performance model and a vertical solar radiation tool, previously developed in EIFER, have been applied to evaluate the applicability of these generated city models.


We use mid-infrared Spitzer spectroscopy and far-infrared Herschel photometry for a sample of 20 main sequence O9–B2 stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) with strong 24 μm excesses to investigate the origin of the mid-IR emission. Either debris disks around the stars or illuminated patches of dense interstellar medium (ISM) can cause such mid-IR emission. In a companion paper, Paper I, we use optical spectroscopy to show that it is unlikely for any of these sources to be classical Be stars or Herbig Ae/Be stars. We focus our analysis on debris disks and cirrus hot spots. The local, prototype objects for these models are the debris disk around Vega and the heated dust cloud surrounding the stars in the Pleiades, also known as a cirrus hot spot. These two cases predict different dust masses, radii, origins, and structures, but the cleanest classification tools are lost by the poor physical resolution at the distance of the SMC. We also consider transition disks, which would have observable properties similar to debris disks. We begin classification by measuring angular extent in the highest resolution mid-IR images available. We find 3 out of 20 stars to be significantly extended, establishing them as cirrus hot spots. We then fit the IR spectral energy distributions to determine dust temperatures and masses. Analysis yields minimum grain sizes, thermal equilibrium distances, and the resultant dust mass estimates. We find the dust masses in the SMC stars to be larger than for any known debris disks. The difference in inferred properties is driven by the SMC stars being hotter and more luminous than known debris disk hosts and not in any directly observed dust properties, so this evidence against the debris disk hypothesis is circumstantial. Finally, we created a local comparison sample of bright mid-IR OB stars in the Milky Way (MW) by cross-matching the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) and Hipparcos catalogs. We find that of the thousands of nearby (⩽1 kpc) hot stars in the MW that show a mid-IR excess, only a small fraction (few percent) match the high mid-IR luminosities of the SMC stars. All such local stars in the appropriate luminosity range that can be unambiguously classified are young stars with optical emission lines or are spatially resolved by WISE with sizes too large to be plausible debris disk candidates. We conclude that the very strong mid-IR flux excesses are most likely explained as cirrus hot spots, although we cannot rigorously rule out that a small fraction of the sample is made up of debris disks or transition disks. We present suggestive evidence that bow-shock heating around runaway stars may be a contributing mechanism to the interstellar emission. These sources, interpreted as cirrus hot spots, offer a new localized probe of diffuse interstellar dust in a low metallicity environment.


The incessant formation of chain-like IBN-4 mesoporous silica (ICMS-N) with long channels running along the length of hexagonal rods have been directly achieved by the co-condensation of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and tetraethylorthosilicate as the silica source in the presence of Pluronic P123 and fluorocarbon (FC-4) surfactants as structure directing agents. The newly synthesized materials were successfully characterized using SAXS, N2-physisorption, FT-IR, XPS, 29Si NMR, TEM, SEM and elemental analysis. TEM images confirmed the chain-like morphologies, whereas SEM studies showed that the synthesized ICMS-N particles possess length >10 μm. Moreover, the as-formed material was tested for the removal of oxyanions such as arsenate and chromate, and it exhibited the maximum adsorption capacity of 55 and 35 mg g−1 for ICMS-N15, respectively. The formation of quaternary species of amine on the surface of the ICMS-N enhanced the adsorption capacity towards arsenate and chromate under acidic pH and the adsorption isotherm fits with Langmuir monolayer adsorption. Naturally, existing anions such as nitrate, sulfate, phosphate and chlorides with 1 × 10−2 M have no significant effect on the adsorption of heavy metal ions; moreover, reusability tests were also carried out.


: Background : The magnitude of obesity among young adults is rising worldwide, the Saudi adults are not exceptional. How friendship leads to obesity and the associated problems like diabetes, depression and heart disease remains to be explored. Methods : this was a prospective cross-sectional study accomplished at the Taibah University where 49 young adults who were closest friends of obese and 33 matched young adults who were closest friends of non-obese were enrolled in the study. Data was obtained by a well-structured questionnaire. For the two groups BMI, RBS and HbAc1 were determined according to the standard methods. Results : regarding the characteristics of each group no significant differences were observed in terms of smoking, sleeping hours and living with their families (p values were 0.418, 0.883 and 0.293 respectively). The means of BMI, RBS and HbAc1 were compared between the two groups by ANOVA test. A significant association was observed regarding the BMI (P value 0.029), whereas the association of RBS and HBAc1 was insignificant (P values were 0.289 and 0.209). Conclusions : being a close friend of an obese is significantly associated with obesity. No significant association was found between being a friend of an obese and pre-diabetic status.


The integrated reservoir condenser of the invention comprises a housing (18) in tubular wall (24) which is divided by a longitudinal partition (32) into a collecting chamber (46) into which the tubes (12 ) of a beam and a reservoir compartment (48) communicating with the collecting chamber (46) through orifices (44) formed in the partition (32), said partition having a longitudinal edge (40) engaged in a longitudinal slot ( 30) of the wall (18) and a longitudinal edge (42) bearing against the tubular wall (24) of the housing, to a connection by brazing. This condenser can be used particularly in automotive air conditioning systems.


Simulation system plays an important role in the production process control and product optimization of multi-model H-beam hot rolling process. In this paper, an automatic modeling module was developed based on the customized application development method provided by ABAQUS, and the rolling process of HN900×300 was taken as an example to conduct a simulation analysis. As a result, the automatic modeling, high pressure water descaling, cogging rolling, universal rolling and cooling were realized. Also, the surface temperature of H-beam was measured by thermal infrared imager at production site. It is found that the results of finite element simulation are basically consistent with the measuring results. The simulation system developed in this paper can improve the production process control of multi-model H-beam rolling.


of Dr Hennen, which took place lately at Gibraltar, while in the zealous discharge of those arduous duties devolving upon him as head of the medical staff in that garrison, during the prevalence of the late pestilential epidemic. This highly talented and meritorious officer was born at Castlebar, in Ireland, in 1779; where his father was an eminent medical practitioner. Having been carefully instructed in the first rudiments of education at the principal school in his native town, he, at an early period of life, made choice of the medical profession. After serving a short apprenticeship under his father, he was in 1795 sent to attend the medical lectures in Dublin, and the following


The research purposes to increases motivation and mathematics achievement with Survey, Question, Read, Recite and Review (SQ3R) learning methods in class VIIB SMP Taman Dewasa Ibu Pawiyatan Yogyakarta. Type Classroom Action Research. The research subjects were students of class VIIB SMP Taman Dewasa Ibu Pawiyatan Yogyakarta Jetis and object of this research were motivation and mathematics achievement. Techniques of data collection is using observation, questionnaire, tests, and documentation. The results showed that motivation and mathematics achievement increase. The results can be seen from motivation observation pre-term by 20.83% with low category, increased to 40.83% with the moderate category in first term. Then increased again to 66.31% in second term with the high category. The results can be seen from motivation questionnaire pre-term by 56.82% with moderate category, increased to 62.4% with the high category in first term. Then increased again to 72% in second term with the high category. The results of mathematics achievement obtained from test, with percentage completeness obtained pre-term 22.2% with an average of 59.3. In first term increased to 57.14% with an average of 66.5 and in second term increased to 78.57% with average value of 71.57.


Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Minist Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44 West P. R. China. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Tel Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Changle West Street 15, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710 State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technol Shanda Road, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P. † Electronic supplementary information other relevant information for compound Cite this: RSC Adv., 2017, 7, 5684


Inspired by the work of Bloch and Kato in [2], David Burns constructed several "equivariant Tamagawa invariants" associated to motives of number fields. These invariants lie in relativeK-groups of group-rings of Galois groups and in [3] Burns made several conjectures (see Conjecture 2.2) about their values. In this paper I shall verify Burns' conjecture concerning the invariant TΩ(N/Q, 1) for some families of quaternion extensions N/Q. The family of quaternion fields which are not covered here will be covered in [8]. The paper is arranged in the following manner. In §2 the relative K-groups of Z[G] are introduced together with the principle method for constructing elements in them and the Hom-description for representing elements in the case when G = Q8, the quaternion group of order eight. In §3 the formula for TΩ(N/Q, 1) is given together with several simplifying observations which are special to quaternion extensions. This formula involves a sum of "local terms" whose Hom-description representatives are calculated in §4. In §5, when N/Q is a quaternion extension whose decomposition group at 2 is a proper subgroup of Q8, the Hom-descriptions of §3 and §4 are combined to prove Conjecture 2.2, which asserts that TΩ(N/Q, 1) vanishes. I am very grateful to David Burns for telling me of his work [3]. This paper was written in 1999, during a visit by Werner Bley to the University of Southampton. This one-month visit was sponsored by the EU TMR grant entitled "Algebraic K-theory and linear algebraic groups". I am particularly indebted to Werner Bley for patiently explaining to me the (rather intricate) definition of TΩ(L/K, 1) without which I could not have made these calculations.


Use of physical vapor deposition (PVD) of polycrystalline HgI/sub 2/ films on Si-TFT arrays brought about a breakthrough in the use of HgI/sub 2/ for large area pixellated X-ray imaging. Latest advances in the deposition process led to full-texture high-density films, with highly orientated crystallites, as evidenced for example by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The good structural data also yielded excellent electrical charge transport properties, which approached those of single crystals. Transient charge transport (TCT) with alpha-particle near-surface absorption was used to measure carrier mobility, trapping time, and surface recombination velocity for each sample. Typical electron and hole mobility of high quality polycrystalline HgI/sub 2/ films were /spl mu//sub n/ = 88 cm/sup 2//V /spl middot/ s and /spl mu//sub p/ = 4.1 cm/sup 2//V /spl middot/ s, respectively. Trapping times were /spl tau//sub n/ /spl cong/ 18 /spl mu/s and /spl tau//sub p/ /spl cong/ 3.5 /spl mu/s, and surface recombination velocities s/sub n/ /spl cong/ 1.4 /spl times/ 10/sup 5/ cm/s and s/sub p/ /spl cong/ 3.7 /spl times/ 10/sup 3/ cm/s. The performance of these detectors as spectrometers in a standard nuclear spectroscopy system was evaluated. We used a gamma source of /sup 241/Am with the characteristic 59.6 keV gamma photo-peak. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the detector photo peak depended on its charge transport properties. High quality polycrystalline HgI/sub 2/ film detectors yield a peak of approximately 38 keV FWHM, while lower quality ones yield a much broader peak of FWHM > 70 keV. Such widths are still inferior to those of a single crystal (typically /spl sim/5 keV), yet the results suggest that further improvement through optimization of manufacturing conditions is possible. The talk reviews our past efforts, recent new results, and plans for the future.


Only four infiltrates thought to be tuberculous, one of which was open tuberculosis, were discovered among 357 highly exposed people during eight years. The results of our experience confirm our belief that the measures adopted before the opening of the Sanatorium were justified. Therefore we believe that the main factors for protection against reinfections among personnel are:
 1) Evidence of an old lesion, the older the better, as demonstrable by the residual roentgen appearance. 2) The lesion must be apparently extinguished but the tuberculin test ought to remain positive. 3) The personnel must be selected among people over twenty years old. This measure makes, at least in Mexico, more possible an old infection to be completely inactive. 4) All exposed people must have well balanced diet, limited number of working hours, and should be instructed to protect themselves against infection. 5) The sanatorium must be built so as to allow many hours of exposure to the sun so as to afford the effect of the ultraviolet rays on contaminated surfaces.


Purpose
This paper aims to answer the question: What are the impacts of implementing in-state procurement preference policies on the economy of the state of South Carolina?

Design/methodology/approach
Toevaluate the impacts, the following six economic indicators were analyzed: jobs, personal income, real disposable income, output (sales), gross state product and value added. The data were collected from the South Carolina Procurement Services Office and were then analyzed using the Regional Economic Model Policy Insight (REMI PI+) for economic forecasting and policy analysis. The results from the REMI PI+ showed that implementing in-state preference policies benefitted the state and its communities economically.

Findings
Specifically, from 2010 until 2017, the total economic impact of implementing preference policies generated $17m in total output, 135 total job-years, $10.22m in gross state product (GSP), $10.27m in value added, $7.52m in income and $5.14m in real disposable personal income. The impact on the wholesale trade industry was over $5m in total industry output and approximately 27 jobs-years. In the manufacturing sector, the total impact was over $4m in output and approximately 17 jobs-years. The impact on the construction industry was approximately $3m in output and approximately 30 jobs-years. Although the values of these economic indicators were very small compared to the size of the state economy, they did outweigh the direct cost of implementing preference policies, thus demonstrating that overall the in-state preference policies contributed to South Carolina's economy. However, further research is warranted to identify more precisely the benefits and costs of implementing preference policies.