In the context of socio-economic, demographic and environmental challenges, the issue of socio-psychological rehabilitation of children and youth with special educational needs remains relevant. The severity of the issue is exacerbated by quarantine measures related to social exclusion and restrictions on access to educational and social services. An innovative service of comprehensive rehabilitation of people with disabilities is inclusive tourism, which includes a system of psychological and pedagogical, socio-educational, educational, correctional, physical culture and health activities in tourism, aimed at their comprehensive rehabilitation, rehabilitation and social integration for basic integration. social functions of personality, mental, physical and moral health, social status. The purpose of the article is to substantiate nature therapy as an effective technology of social and psychological rehabilitation of children and youth with special educational needs in the conditions of inclusive tourism. Research methods used: generalization of Ukrainian legislation in the field of education and social protection of vulnerable categories of citizens; conceptual and categorical analysis on the research topic; classification of the main types of nature therapy; study of the best foreign and Ukrainian practices on introduction of innovative methods of rehabilitation by means of nature therapy which can be applied in the conditions of inclusive tourism. Communication with animate and inanimate nature allows to achieve the following goals in the socio-psychological rehabilitation of children and youth with OOP in the conditions of inclusive tourism: expansion of cognitive opportunities on the basis of complex, including sensory, worldview; integration of biological, mental and social factors to gain integrity, restore positive communication with the outside world and form a sense of security; strengthening the ability to preserve the natural environment and responsibility, filling life with meaning; improving the work of sensory systems, their ability to concentrate intensely, the development of sensitivity to the signals of your body, prevention and prevention of possible diseases, sensitivity to their own and others' emotions, expanding the perception and vision of the aesthetic picture of nature; disclosure of creative potential and development of emotional intelligence; social integration of the individual; education of tolerance; development of individual language of self-expression and constructive communication with nature.


The area of five hills used to be an important one for Han Dynasty.The activities and thinking of inhabitants of the five hills exerted both positive and negative influence upon the development of politics in Han Dynasty.Sober and uncorrupt officials who emphasized teaching of morals and showed no fear of the aristocracy and the privileged played an active role in the change for the better in official administration and the justice of politics.The activities of the corrupt officials,paladins,and treacherous merchants disadvantaged the stable development of the society,even to the extent of causing tragedies.


NatureServe is a non-profit organization dedicated to providing the scientific basis for effective conservation. 25 Acknowledgments 26 References 27 Hidden in Plain Sight E S tate wildlife action plans, completed in 2005 by all U.S. states and territories, are designed to guide wildlife conservation efforts and have been described as a nationwide strategy to prevent wildlife from becoming endangered. Developed by the individual states based on the best available scientific information and on broad public engagement, these plans are increasingly important in a wide variety of conservation and planning efforts. Yet the federal guidelines governing development of these plans specifically exclude plants from the definition of " wildlife. " How well, then, do wildlife action plans consider plant species and—whether by design or serendipity—address their conservation needs? With support from the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation, NatureServe reviewed all 56 wildlife action plans in order to answer this question. Our study found that only a modest number of wildlife action plans explicitly incorporated plant species of conservation concern into various aspects of their planning process. Just eight of 56 plans (14%) took the most direct approach of including plants on their list of species of greatest conservation need. Another way of addressing plants was through the process for identifying priority habitats. We did not find strong support for the assumption that the habitat component of these plans would effectively address plant-related conservation needs. Just six plans (11%) considered plant species of concern in their methods for setting habitat priorities. Fewer than half the states identified specific geographic areas of particular conservation interest. Twelve plans (21%) included plant species of concern in their methods for defining these focal areas, generally relying on plant data maintained by state natural heritage programs. The final way that some plans addressed plants was through recommended conservation actions. We found that 17 plans, or about one-third (30%), included at least one action item that, if carried out, would benefit plant species of concern. In most plans, however, the number of plant-related actions was quite limited, and the proposed activities very general in nature. The development of state wildlife action plans represents a tremendous opportunity for systematically and strategically advancing conservation in America, and the plans for Georgia, Missouri, Nebraska, and Oregon are notable for effectively addressing the needs of plant species of concern. Yet because consideration of plants was neither required nor funded through the federal State …


Collaborative ranking is a way to utilize the wisdom of crowd to recommend objects. It has shown to be very popular and effective in many domains. However, the wisdom of crowd is not easy to be obtained. It requires an active community and takes time to form the true wisdom. In this paper, we introduce an approach to exploit the wisdom of web pages for ranking domain objects as a substitute when the wisdom of crowd is not ready yet or not available at all. We evaluate our work on three real world datasets. The results show that web-page collaborative ranking is a promising way to imitate the wisdom of crowd.


The purpose of this contribution is to highlight the approaches and managerial techniques that enable destination management based on relational and networking culture. The first part of the paper presents a theoretical analysis, examining possible models and cultural approaches for the development of sustainable tourism in specific territorial areas. The second part provides empirical evidence based on the comparison of two territorial parks, showing the validity of our theoretical approach. This paper shows how network forms of organization may support sustainable tourism in specific territorial areas. Sustainable tourism is concerned with social, ecological and economic demands emanating from territorial entities. As such, networks, in their different forms and characteristics, may promote awareness about such demands and thus help to satisfy them. To make sustainable development possible, however, networks should be represented by a guiding centre (often public bodies or NGOs), which adequately acts on behalf of territorial subjects. Thus, on one hand, networks should promote participatory processes and, on the other, should provide for effective decision-making.The balance between participation and decision making tends to create some difficulties for tourism network centres in order to guarantee systemic action. The originality of the paper is therefore based upon the interpretation of the model, which allows for a sequence of logical steps in tourism destination management that lead to sensible management, thus, enabling sustainable governance.


What is a democratic ideal ? There are many people even in the twentieth century, who are afraid of the word " democratic." They think that it is the beginning of an inclined plane which ends in anarchy and Bolshevism, and they do not hesitate to state that in a democratic community "Jack is as good as his master." This, of course, is quite untrue. All that is implied by the term democratic government is that the


A sensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering probe structure based on the enhancement of the secondary localization is proposed. The structure is constituted with a silver coated pyramid and a small silver particle at the tip. The silver film coated on the pyramid plays a role of exciting and focusing the surface plasmon wave onto the tip, where the secondary localization is excited by the silver particle and an extraordinarily enhanced electromagnetic field is obtained. The finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulation results demonstrate that the Raman enhancement factor caused by the secondary localization is 1.34 x 10(9) which is 3 orders higher than that of the primary localization structure.


. The recent shift of opinion concerning the distribution of pulsar velocities at birth with a mean value of 400-500 km/s has several ramifications for our understanding of the origin and evolution of pul sars. From the present data, there is no convincing evidence for a causal correlation between velocity and magnetic field, any magnetic field evo lution in neutron stars or that galactic neutron stars once active as radio pulsars are the sources of 7-ray bursts. Asymmetric kicks seem the most plausible origin for the high velocities.


The National Income Dynamics Study (NIDS) and the Post-Apartheid Labour Market Series (PALMS) are two data sources frequently relied upon for research into earnings in South Africa. This paper contributes to the literature in three ways. Firstly, I show how NIDS data can be adjusted o account for item non-response using a bracket reweighting technique and the effects thereof. Secondly, I consider how estimates of the wage distribution differ between NIDS and PALMS when using the most comparable estimation methods available. Finally, I discuss what the data reveal about the evolution of inequality in South African wages between 2008 and 2014. Un ive rsi ty of Ca pe To wn The copyright of this thesis vests in the author. No quotation from it or information derived from it is to be published without full acknowledgement of the source. The thesis is to be used for private study or noncommercial research purposes only. Published by the University of Cape Town (UCT) in terms of the non-exclusive license granted to UCT by the author.


Introduction: Post-traumatic syringomyelia produces a significant burden of pain and neurological deficits for patients with spinal cord injury. The mechanism of syrinx formation is unknown and treatment is often ineffective. Previous studies have demonstrated that fluid flow enters syrinxes from the subarachnoid space via perivascular spaces, however other pathways may be involved. It has been proposed that a damaged blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) provides another pathway for fluid to enter syrinxes. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether or not the integrity of the BSCB is compromised in an animal model of post-traumatic syringomyelia, and if so, whether this deficiency plays a role in the induction or subsequent enlargement of a syrinx. Methods: The excitotoxic amino acid and arachnoiditis model of syringomyelia was used to study the structural and functional integrity of the BSCB in 27 Sprague-Dawley rats. In this model, quisqualic acid is injected into the cord to create an initial cyst. The addition of subarachnoid kaolin to create arachnoiditis results in a reliable model of syringomyelia [1]. Structural integrity of the blood-spinal cord barrier was assessed using immunoreactivity to endothelial barrier antigen (EBA) and loss of functional integrity was assessed by extravasation of intravascular horseradish peroxidise (HRP). Animals were studied at 3 days, or 1, 3, 6, or 12 weeks after surgery. There were laminectomy-only and saline injection controls at each time point. Results: Syrinxes formed in 15 of 17 animals injected with excitotoxic amino acid. There was loss of structural and functional integrity of the BSCB in the syrinx animals at all time points. There was wide-spread disruption of the barrier at early time points, followed by recovery of the barrier except for vessels immediately adjacent to the syrinx. Discussion: This study has demonstrated a prolonged structural and functional disruption of the BSCB. Loss of functional integrity of the barrier, with fluid entering the interstitial space of the spinal cord, may contribute to initial cyst formation after spinal cord injury and subsequent enlargement of the cyst to form post-traumatic syringomyelia.


Within the European Union the use of growth promoting agents in cattle fattening is prohibited according to Council Directive 96/22/EC. Interestingly, there is not a black list of substances, but 96/22/EC states that all substances having thyrostatic, estrogenic, androgenic or gestagenic activity are prohibited. Besides abuse of the "classical" synthetic steroids there is a tendency towards misuse of natural steroids and prohormones. Prohormones are compounds that exhibit limited or no hormonal activity but are direct precursors of bioactive hormones and are intended to be converted to full active hormones via enzymatic processes in the body. However, knowledge about metabolism, the mode of action and excretion profiles in cattle is often unclear, and methods to detect abuse of prohormones in livestock production are lacking. Therefore, the aim of this thesis was to get insight into the hormonal action of prohormones and to develop novel in vitro and in vivo screening methods allowing effective surveillance on the illegal use of prohormones in livestock production. Hereby the emphasis was on developing effect based approaches to better meet Council Directive 96/22/EC. The bioactivity of a wide variety of supplements which contained prohormones were tested using a yeast androgen bioassay. For supplements containing solely prohormones the value of this bioactivity based screening appeared to be limited as they require metabolism to become active. Therefore, screening methods for animal feed, supplements and preparations were set-up by using the same yeast androgen bioassay in combination with bovine liver models as well as enzymatic and chemical deconjugation procedures to mimic in vivo metabolic bioactivation. The use of either bovine liver S9, liver slices, pure enzymes or alkaline hydrolysis showed that prohormones could be activated, resulting in a significant increase in bioactivity as determined by the androgen yeast bioassay. For the detection of prohormone abuse at the farm and/or slaughterhouse the usefulness of 'omics' based profiling techniques was investigated. Within this scope a comprehensive metabolomics based screening strategy for steroid urine profiling was developed. Comparison of urinary profiles revealed large differences between the profiles of controls and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) as well as pregnenolone treated animals. Moreover this steroid urine profiling approach allowed identification of biomarkers for treatment by specific prohormones. This resulted in respectively 7 and 12 specific mass peak loadings which could potentially be used as biomarkers for pregnenolone and DHEA treatment. In addition, the feasibility of a liver gene expression profiling approach was investigated to monitor the effects of DHEA treatment at the transciptome level. It was shown that identification and application of genomic biomarkers for screening of DHEA abuse in cattle is substantially hampered by biological variation. On the other hand, it was demonstrated that comparison of pre-defined gene sets versus the whole genome expression profile of an animal allows to distinguish DHEA treatment effects from variations in gene expression due to inherent biological variation. Altogether the results of this thesis increase the knowledge about the metabolism and bioactivation of prohormones in vitro as well as in vivo. Based on this knowledge, a panel of new effect based concepts and screening methods was developed that complement and improve the current testing programs. These new concepts will facilitate better implementation of the European ban on growth promoters in livestock production as described in Council Directive 96/22/EC.


Root caries is a lesion located on the root surface of a tooth, usually close to or below the gingival margin. Root caries has become an important dental problem because people are living longer and keeping their teeth longer. As patients grow older, their gums recede and root surfaces are exposed, making them more susceptible to root caries. Any caries-prone patient having gingival recession can develop root caries. However, the elderly are usually more vulnerable to root caries because of several medical conditions. Many older patients use medications that reduce saliva flow and cause them to have a dry mouth. Root caries can be diagnosed by a dentist during regular dental examination. X-rays are also helpful to diagnose root caries.Treatment of root caries generally requires the placement of a restoration or crown.


Curvilinear coordinates are used to describe the molecular geometry and the pseudo-Jahn–Teller surface of F-substituted cyclopropane radical cations using the equation-of-motion coupled cluster EOMIP-CCSD/cc-pVTZ approach. The monofluoro derivative 2 undergoes bond pseudolibration (incomplete bond pseudorotation) between two symmetry-equivalent biradicaloid forms separated by a barrier of 2.2 kcal mol–1 (1 kcal mol–1 = 4.186 kJ mol–1) at low temperature. Bond pseudorotation and ring pseudoinversion have barriers of 12.1 and 16.5 kcal mol–1 respectively. The relative energies of 2 are affected by the distribution of the positive charge in the C3 ring and the formation of a CF bond with partial π character. There is a change of the CF bond length from 1.285 to 1.338 A along the bond pseudorotation path. The changes of the CF bond outweigh the deformation effects of the C3 ring; however, both are a result of the pseudo-Jahn–Teller effect according to an (A′ + A′′) ⊗ (a′ + a′′) interaction. For the pentafluoro derivative 3 of the cyclopropane radical cation, bond pseudorotation has a barrier of 16.3 kcal mol–1 whereas ring pseudoinversion is hindered by a barrier of 21.7 kcal mol–1. Radical cation 3 is the first example of a trimethylene radical cation.


Abstract The paper outlines some of the implications for ergonomics of the current trend towards 'automated factories'; ones in which human functions will be largely supervisory and minute-by-minute control will be by computers. These implications are discussed under the headings: locus of control and accountability; organization, staffing and training issues; decision aids; the transfer of knowledge among multiple users; and knowledge capture. It is clear that much of ergonomics knowledge is relevant to these matters; nevertheless there are areas where more research is required. These are outlined at the end of the paper.


The gibberellins (GAs) play important roles in plant growth and development. Twenty three fungi were isolated from the roots of Lindera obtusiloba and Vaccinium koreanum. The numbers of GA-producing fungi were six strains from Lindera obtusiloba and four strains from Vaccinium koreanum. The fungi with GAs-producing activity were incubated for seven days in 40 ml of Czapek`s liquid medium at , 120 rpm, and the amount of each GA in the medium was measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) to determine the productivity of GAs. Penicillium griseofulvum KNU5379 produced more GA in case of than Neurospora crassa known as a GAs-producing fungus. P. griseofulvum KNU5379 was shown to produce in 25 ml of liquid medium. Bioassay using culture fluid of GAs-production fungi was performed on rice sprout.


CLINICAL HISTORY A 13-year-old previously healthy boy presented to the emergency department for left testicular swelling and pain after being kicked in the groin 1 week ago. His symptoms had increased significantly for the first 2 days after trauma. At that time, the patient had been seen at an outside hospital, where a testicular ultrasound examination demonstrated good testicular blood flow; however, 2 extratesticular masses in the left scrotal sac were also identified. The patient was sent home with a follow-up appointment to be seen by urology service. Four days later, the patient's symptoms had not resolved, and therefore, the patient visited our emergency department for further evaluation. The patient reported constant pain, which worsened with sitting. The patient denied problems with urination or bowel movements and reported a normal appetite. On physical examination, the patient's left hemiscrotum was firm, swollen, and tender to palpation. There was a cordlike swelling in the left inguinal region as well. The right hemiscrotum was nontender but appeared slightly swollen. The remainder of the physical examination was normal. The emergency department physician requested a scrotal ultrasound examination for further assessment.


A mobile unit registration terminal is coupled to a mobile unit by power conserving radio. Identification information for identifying each individual mobile unit is sent to said mobile unit by said power-conserving radio and stored into it.


A fuel cell assembly (1) comprising: , Each having a designed for receiving a hydrogen-bearing reactants anode (310), a designed for receiving a transport oxygen reactants cathode (330) and a proton-permeable electrolyte (320) between the anode (310) and the cathode (330) disposed more membrane electrode units is comprising; and , A plurality of plates (301) each disposed between a pair of the plurality of membrane electrode assemblies, each plate (301) has a reactant channel (304) the wet side in fluid communication with a corresponding one of the anode (310) or cathode (330) of one of the adjacent facing of the membrane electrode units formed, wherein the reactant channel (334) comprises the wet side: an active region (332A) to facilitate a catalytic reaction of the reactant which flows through it; and an inactive area (332B) in which no catalytic reaction occurs, wherein the inactive region (332B) with the active region (332A) fluidly connected; and a water conveying device, which in the inactive region (332B) and comprises a hydrophilic member (430) having at least a portion of the reactant channel (334) forms the wet side, so that, in a passage of a fluid containing one of the reactants by the reactant channel (334) of the wet side of the hydrophilic member (430) absorbs at least a portion of the water present in the fluid; characterized, in that the water transport device forms a layer structure comprising a water-impermeable layer (440) disposed against a surface of the hydrophilic member (430) from the plurality of Reaktantenkanalen (334) is the wet side removed, so that in the hydrophilic member (430 ) absorbed water remains in this.


A comprehensive analytical study of high-frequency regenerative frequency dividers (RFD) is presented. The study includes two fundamental modes of operation in RFD, namely stable and pulled operation modes. Differential equations characterizing the RFD behavior for both operation modes are derived. Next, an RFD circuit is designed and simulated in a 0.18 /spl mu/m standard CMOS process. Simulations verify the accuracy of the proposed analytical models.


FIELD: physics. SUBSTANCE: device contains a static electricity protection structure, a signal transmission channel and a grounding channel. The end of the signal transmission channel is provided with the first end structure protruding outwards and having an acicular ending. The grounding channel is provided with the second end structure having a spike ending that is located opposite the needle-shaped end of the first end structure. The needle-shaped end of the first end structure on the signal transmission channel is used to accumulate electrostatic charges in the signal transmission channel and to discharge the accumulated electrostatic charges to the second end structure on the grounding channel that is located opposite the first end structure. EFFECT: improving the antistatic characteristics of the touch input circuit. 6 cl, 2 dwg


Copolymerization of methacrylic esters derived from glycidyl methacrylate and nucleophiles with styrene was carried out. The monomer reactivity ratios of these methacrylic esters were varied with the alkoxy groups of the esters and the solvent used.


ABSTRACT Manual backpack sprayers are widely used in rural properties in Brazil. However, studies that assess their working characteristics, especially spray tip models and working pressure conditions, are scarce. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess how much the working pressure and spray tips influence the distribution quality of phytosanitary spray solutions in manual backpack sprayers. Four spray nozzles (standard flat-fan Magnojet TP11002, turbo flat-fan TeeJet TT11002, hollow-cone TeeJet TXA8002, and disc-core) were assessed in a patternator table at 1, 2, 3, and 4 bar. Analyses of spray distribution profile were performed by symmetry and the coefficient of variation (CV) analysed by the Tukey's test (p < 0.05). Spray tip models and working pressure influenced in more than 100% the distribution uniformity values of spray solution and in about 50% the useful range of the phytosanitary treatment. Among the models assessed in this study, the turbo flat-fan spray nozzle presents the best set of characteristics to be indicated for manual backpack sprayers aiming at field phytosanitary treatments.


The invention stacked arrangement of the housing which incorporates a rechargeable battery to provide a battery module that electrically couple. The battery module according to an embodiment of the present invention, receiving a plurality of secondary batteries are electrically connected to, respectively, are laminated to each other cross-coupled first and second housings, and the secondary battery that is accommodated in the first housing that accommodated in the electrode terminal and the second housing includes a connection member for electrically connecting the electrode terminals of the secondary battery.


In contrast to precious metals (e.g., Pt), which possess their electro catalytic activities due to their surface electronic structure, the activity of the Ni-based electrocatalysts depends on formation of an electroactive surface area (ESA) from the oxyhydroxide layer (NiOOH). In this study, the influences of Sn content, nanostructural morphology, and synthesis temperature on the ESA of Sn-incorporated Ni/C nanostructures were studied. To investigate the effect of the nanostructural, Sn-incorporated Ni/C nanostructures, nanofibers were synthesized by electrospinning a tin chloride/nickel acetate/poly (vinyl alcohol) solution, followed by calcination under inert atmosphere at high temperatures (700, 850, and 1000 °C). On the other hand, the same composite was formulated in nanoparticulate form by a sol-gel procedure. The electrochemical measurements indicated that the nanofibrous morphology strongly enhanced formation of the ESA. Investigation of the tin content concluded that the optimum co-catalyst content depends on the synthesis temperature. Typically, the maximum ESA was observed at 10 and 15 wt % of the co-catalyst for the nanofibers prepared at 700 and 850 °C, respectively. Study of the effect of synthesis temperature concluded that at the same tin content, 850 °C calcination temperature reveals the best activity compared to 700 and 1000 °C. Practical verification was achieved by investigation of the electrocatalytic activity toward methanol and urea oxidation. The results confirmed that the activity is directly proportionate to the ESA, especially in the case of urea oxidation. Moreover, beside the distinct increase in the current density, at the optimum calcination temperature and co-catalyst content, a distinguished decrease in the onset potential of both urea and methanol oxidation was observed.


Low rice yields in Nigeria are attributed to poor soil fertility. Inorganic fertilizers used to improve soil fertility are expensive and not readily available. This work aimed at evaluating the nutrient potential of rice husk and cassava effluent compost for production of rice in Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria. Four formulations were made with rice husk (RH) and cow dung in ratio 7:3 by weight using water and cassava effluent [RH with water (RH), RH + cow dung with water (RHCd), RH with cassava effluent (RHC), RH + cow dung with cassava effluent (RHCdC)] and were applied at 2.5, 5 and 10 t/ha with control. Rice seeds were sown for two years in a randomized complete block design. Residual effects were monitored in the third year. Plant height (PH), leaf area (LA), dry matter (DM) and rice grain yield (GY) were measured as well as soil samples were taken for post-cropping analysis. Data were analyzed with ANOVA at α0.05. The results revealed that treatment RHCd at 10 t/ha had highest PH and LA while RHCdC at 10 t/ha produced the highest DM and GY in both years and in residual study. Treatment RHCdC at 10 t/ha had the highest soil pH value, organic carbon and RHCd at 10 t/ha had the highest total nitrogen at harvest in second year. Both treatments increased soil nutrients at harvest than other treatments and improved soil fertility.


To the Editors:

We read with interest the article by Vergnon et al. 1 in the European Respiratory Journal , about the place of cryotherapy, brachytherapy and photodynamic therapy in the therapeutic bronchoscopy of lung cancers. The article describes indications and limitations of cryotherapy. In the opinion of Vergnon et al. 1, the effect of cryotherapy is delayed and is, therefore, not useful for the immediate debulking of an obstructive endoluminal bronchial tumour. For these cases, Vergnon et al. 1 advise coring of the tumour with the rigid bronchoscope and subsequent laser therapy or electrocautery. The indication for cryotherapy in this setting is seen as a treatment option for any remaining infiltrative parts of the tumour into the bronchial wall, but not as a …


The global value chains has provided an express for the enterprises in developing countries to obtain technology and knowledge to improve their innovative abilities.Nevertheless,during the transfer process,the knowledge transfer has been not fully successful as affected by various factors.On the basis of the captive type of global value chains,the mechanism of knowledge transfer from the global leadership to local firm in global value chains is examined.And starting from the effectiveness of knowledge transfer,the involving factors in the process of knowledge transfer,this paper presents a model of the influential factor of knowledge transfer in global value chains.According to the model,the paper analyzes the influence including the transferable capacity of the lead enterprises,the absorption capacity of the local enterprises,the knowledge transfer platform and the traits of the knowledge itself.


A three position four way compensating valve comprises an outer body member 6 having a valve inlet port 28, 30 and a valve outlet port 26, 32. A fluid pathway is defined between the inlet port 28, 30 and the outlet port 26, 32. A valve member 38 is arranged to selectively open and close the fluid pathway. A pressure compensator 84, 86 is received within the outer body member 6 which is configured to variably restrict the fluid pathway in response to a variation in the pressure differential between the inlet 28, 30 and outlet 26, 32 ports. This variable restriction of the fluid pathway acts to maintain a constant flow rate through the fluid pathway when the fluid pathway is open.


The term "insecurity" and its correlative "desire for security" appear extensively in child development literature. Insecurity is listed frequently among the possible causes of many behavior problems. Careful analysis of the literature, however, reveals that there is little agreement as to the meaning of these terms and that methods of identification and measurement of insecurity are not well de veloped. Since it appears highly probable that desire for greater security plays an im portant part in the behavior of children, it would be most helpful if we could develop more precise methods of classifying children with respect to the strength or frequency with which this desire motivates their be havior. We need methods by which we can discriminate between relatively secure and the relatively insecure children.


As a progressive neurological disease, Alzheimer's disease (AD), if no preventative measures are   taken, can result in dementia and a severe decline in brain function, making it difficult to perform basic tasks. Over 1 in 9 people suffer from dementia caused by Alzheimer's disease and require uncompensated care. The hippocampus is extracted from MRI scans of the brain via image segmentation have been useful for diagnosing Alzheimer's disease (AD).The segmentation of the CSF region in brain MRI is critical for analyzing the stages of AD. The extraction of Hippocampus from an MRI of the brain is greatly influenced by the contrast of the images. Using comparative linear transformation in the horizontal and vertical dimensions as well as statistical edge-based features, this article proposes a robust method for segmentation technique for the extraction of Hippocampus from brain MRI. These transformations aid in balancing the brain image's thin and dense fluid extractions. Through use of the ADNI dataset, the proposed approach had a 99% success rate in segmentation.


Overgrazing is the determinant factor to cause degradation and desertification of grazed grasslands in China. Leymus chinensis (Poaceae) (Trin.), the dominant grass in grassland of northern China, may exhibit distinctively strategies to survive under long-term overgrazing condition. In this study, we quantified its changes of morphological plasticity, biomass and biomass allocations when the long-term overgrazing activity was removed. A grazing-free plot and an overgrazed plot (without overgrazing stress during th e experimental year) were established in the study area. Six quadrats were randomly selected in each plot for measurements. Results showed that when long -term overgrazing stress was removed, the number of vegetative shoot restored to normal level, while th e plant height, leaf number, leaf length and breadth, reproductive shoot number, and biomass were still at a lower level. And the biomass allocation patterns differed significantly (P<0.05) between tested treatments. After long -term overgrazing activity, L. chinensis allocated more biomass of total biomass to below-ground, less biomass of above-ground to reproductive shoots compared to L. chinensis under grazing-free condition. These modified morphological characteristics and biomass allocations were adaptive strategies of L. chinensis induced by overgrazing, and rapid recovery of vegetative shoot number was an occupational strategy of L. chinensis to restore.


Earlier studies showed that heat treatment of rapidly solidified aluminum alloys doped with transition metals results in the decomposition of supersaturated solid solutions accompanied by the precipitation of metastable or equilibrium disperse phases. In this work, the authors studied the stability range of supersaturated aluminum-based solid solutions in Al-Sc-Zr and Al-Sc-Cr alloys as well as the phases formed upon decomposition of these solid solutions.


Research title : The Effect of Focus on Consumer And Sustainable Mending to the Quality Culture (Case Study in CV. Auto Sejahtera Banda Aceh Workers).This research is empirical study which examine about the effect of consumer focuses and sustainable mending to the quality culture. It conducted in CV. Auto Sejahtera Banda Aceh auto repair shop. Data colected is examined by simple linier regression model which processing by Statistical Product and Service Solution software.The estimation result can be concluded as receive the alternative hypothesis and reject null hypothesis conversely. Which means that respondent completely expressed to the research indicators. Hence, research variables is significanltly and simultanously effect to the quality culture in Auto Sejahtera Banda Aceh auto repair shop. As follows, on the t test it also effect quality culture partially, by t statistic value 8, 199 and 2,458 respectively greater than t satistical table and the most effecttive variable is consumer focuses


【Schizophrenia is a disturbance condition that lasts for at least 6 months and includes at least 1 month of active-phase symptoms(i.e., two [or more] of the following : delusions, hallucinations. disorganized speech, grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior, negative symptoms) In this study, we report one case of schizophrenia with acute cerebral infarction. The patient has been diagnosed with schizophrenia more than 20 years ago, and after this recent cerebral infarction, all of her schizophrenic symptoms such as auditory hallucination, delirium, depression, insomnia were aggravated. Her schizophrenic symptoms, PANSS and NIHSS total scores were considerably reduced after oriental treatment(Guibi-tang(歸脾湯)), so we report this as a potential treatment.】


The changes in chemical composition and nutritive value of shrimps, imported from Indonesia and Liberia, were determined after frozen storage at-20°C for 16 and 18 months respectively.In both shrimps, the protein denaturation by frozen storage was not observed, whereas it by the rigor mortis occurred. On the other hand, phosphorus in the extracted lipid was increased and triglyceride disappeared in thin layer chromatograph after long term storage. This result shows that the hydrolysis of lipid occurred not in phospholipid, but in triglyceride in shrimp as compared with fishes.The Shrimp from Liberia after frozen storage for 6 and 15 months was freeze-dryed and administered to weanling rats of Wistar strain as the sole protein source. Growth curves, growth indices, such as body weight gain ratio, food consumpsion and food conversion, and protein digestibility were not significantly different between a short and a long term storage.


This article reviews the progress in the preparation and applications of silica/aluminum-based bimodal micro/mesoporous composite molecular sieves with dual acidity , and places emphasis on the effectiveness and convenience of those routes to highly stable and catalytically active products. The foreground of this kind of composite molecular sieves is discussed.


1 STATE OF THE ART OF ECR ION SOURCES Z. Q. Xie Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley, California, 94720 Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) ion source which produces highly-charged ions is used in heavy ion accelerators worldwide. Applications also found in atomic physics research and industry ion implantation. ECR ion source performance continues to improve, especially in the last few years with new techniques, such as multiple-frequency plasma heating and better methods to provide extra cold electrons, combined with higher magnetic mirror fields. So far more than 1 emA of multiplycharged ions such as He2+ and 0 6+, and 30 e~A of Au32+, 1.1 e~A of 238U48+, and epA currents of very high charge states such as 86Kr35+ and 238U60+ have been produced.


Perovskite solid solutions PbHfO3-PbSnO3 offer valuable opportunities for studying the formation mechsnisms of incommensurate phases, owing to the presence of an intermediate (between cubic and incommensurate) phase, which is stabilized in PbHfO3 upon PbSnO3 admixture. Here, x-ray diffuse scattering signal is used to quantify the evolution of susceptibilities related to different modes of distortion (ferroelectric, incommensurate, antiferrodistortive) as a function of temperature and the results are critically compared to the predictions of a minimal symmetry-based Landau-like model with two coupled order parameters (ferroelectric and antiferrodistortive) and incommensurate order parameter being interpreted as inhomogeneous polarization. Experimentally, we observe a Curie-Weiss-like linear dependence of ferroelectric stiffness (inverse of susceptibility related to homogeneous polarization fluctuations) in the cubic phase down to about 50 K above the transition to the intermediate phase, where this dependence nearly saturates. Upon cooling down to the intermediate phase, the maximum of susceptibility shifts gradually to the non-zero wavevector, where another Curie-Weiss-like linear stiffness trend is established, but with respect to the incommensurate order parameter. Symmetry of diffuse scattering distributions indicates an orthorhombic symmetry of the intermediate phase. A notable temperature dependence of the constant that describes the energy of polarization inhomogeneities is observed experimentally, which is in disagreement with the model expectations. Specifics of this dependence suggest the presence of a nearly temperature-independent characteristic length scale for inhomogeneities across several phases. Other differences with the model suggest that the incommensurate order parameter cannot be straightforwardly identified with weakly-inhomogeneous ferroelectric polarization.


As‐grown crystallized Bi2Sr2Ca1Cu2Ox phase films were prepared on MgO(100) substrates by rf magnetron sputtering. The as‐grown film showed the Tc onset of 92 K and the Tc end of 82 K. By annealing in the furnace at 480 °C after deposition, superconducting property and the c‐axis lattice constant varied with atmosphere during annealing. The film after annealing in air at 480 °C exhibited the highest superconducting transition with the Tc onset of 93 K and the Tc end of 85 K. The Tc onset increased when the c‐axis lattice constant was increased, suggesting that the Tc onset increases with decreasing the oxygen content of the film.


Objective To monitor adverse reactions due to vaccination.Methods The monitoring - and - vaccination-asso- ciated adverse-reaction-reporting network was established in whole Hubei Province and the vaccination - associated adverse reac- tions were monitored and reported from lower level to higher level through China expanded immunization program monitoring informa- tion system.Results Vaccination-associated adverse reactions were reported in 22 counties and cities and 57 cases were report- ed,including 37 cases due to vaccination(64.91%),10 coincident cases (17.54%),9 unknown causes (15.78%),1 mistaken case(1.75%).Based on clinical diagnosis,18 were diagnosed as allergic reaction (31.58),18 were diagnosed as fever(31. 58%),9 were unidentified 15.78%),4 were diagnosed as upper respiratory tract infection (7.02%),3 were diagnosed as BCG re- action(5.26%),3 were diagnosed as viral encephalitis(5.26%) and the other 2 were scar reaction and wrong vaccination site (3. 51%).About 87.72% of adverse reactions occurred in the age groups of 1-5 years old and 87.7% of the adverse reactions were observed from 0 to 3 days after vaccination.Conclusion The work of monitoring vaccination associated adverse reactions is one of the important task of EPI and be carried out after pilot trial.


A 1957 conjecture by Zdzislaw Melzak, that the unit volume polyhedron with least edge length was a triangular right prism, with edge length $2^{2/3}3^{11/6}$. We present a variety of necessary local criteria for any minimizer. In the case that we are restricted to convex polyhedrons we demonstrate that all vertices must be of degree three, the number of triangular faces is at most 14, and we describe the behavior of quadrilateral faces should they become arbitrarily small.


We report measurements of the electrical transport properties of ((BiPb)/sub 2/Sr/sub 2/Ca/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 10/-Ag) Bi-2223/Ag composite conductors produced as part of the long-length product development in an industrial plant. The powder-in-tube (PIT) process was used to manufacture conductors containing various filament configurations including monofilament and multifilament tapes with untwisted and twisted filaments, and round wires. The transport critical current I/sub c/ was measured at various temperatures (T=4-80 K) and magnetic fields (B=0-9 T) for different orientations of the tapes with respect to the field. Self-field transport ac losses were determined at 77 K and 60 Hz as a function of ac current amplitude (0-100 A rms). The strain performance was evaluated at 77 K for applied bend strains from zero to 1.5%.


Objective:To investigate the effect of Sanshen Yixin Decoction on left ventricular function of senile coronary heart disease patients with heart failure.Methods:Ninety-eight senile coronary heart disease patients with heart failure were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group,49 in each group.The two groups were treated with conventional therapy,and the observation group received Sanshen Yixin Decoction additionally.Results:The total effective rate was 95.9% in the observation group,and was 83.7% in the control group,the difference being statistically significant(P 0.05).After treatment,the left ventricular mass index(LVMI) and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter(LVDd) decreased significantly,E/A,stroke volume(SV),cardiac output(CO) and left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) increased significantly in two groups,the difference being significant or very significant(P 0.05 or P 0.01).The improvement in the observation group was superior to that in the control group(P 0.05).After treatment,the serum levels of brain natriuretic peptide(BNP)and atrial natriuretic peptide(ANP)were decreased significantly in two groups,the difference being significant compared with those in the control group(P 0.05 or P 0.01).And the improvement was superior to that in the control group(P 0.05).Conclusion:Sanshen Yixin Decoction can effectively improve left ventricular function of senile coronary heart disease patients with heart failure,without any side effects.


Thank you very much for reading enchantment and exploitation the life and hard times of a new mexico mountain range. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look numerous times for their chosen novels like this enchantment and exploitation the life and hard times of a new mexico mountain range, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some malicious bugs inside their laptop.


Background: To explore the characteristics of molecular subtype in male breast cancer. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted to investigate the characteristics and prognosis of patients with male breast cancer using the data recorded in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database from 2010-2014. Results: A total of 1597 cases were enrolled, including 1373 cases with HR+/HER2- (86%), 182 cases with HR+/HER+ (11.4%), 13 cases with HR-/HER2+ (0.8%) and 29 cases with Triple Negative (1.8%), respectively. There were significant differences in distributions in age, race, grade, tumor size and AJCC stage between the molecular subtypes. The molecular subtypes differed significantly in 5 years overall survival and 5 years cause specific survival, establishing the following sequence with HER2-/HR+ > HER2+/HR+ > HER2+/HR- > Triple negative. According to Cox regression, age>65y, ER negative, PR negative, TN subtype, advanced AJCC stage, larger tumor size, stage T3 and M1 were independent prognostic factors for poorer survival. Conclusion: The prognosis of male breast cancer varied by molecular subtypes. Age, ER and PR, status, stage as well as tumor size were independent prognostic factors.
 Citation Format: Min Wang, Deyue Liu, Li Zhu. The characteristics of male breast cancer by molecular subtypes: a population-based study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-03-37.


Objective To observe the clinical effect of intestinal adhesion catheter in adhesive intestinal obstruction.Methods as the research object,in our hospital patients with adhesive intestinal obstruction were randomly divided into two groups,group A were treated with conventional tube for gastrointestinal decompression,the invalid by intestinal obstruction catheter for treatment,group B were treated under the perspective application of insertion method application of ileus tube for gastrointestinal decompression,the changes before and after the treatment were observed.Results After using intestinal obstruction catheter,abdominal pain remission rate in group B was higher than that in group A,the difference was significant(P0.05);independent exhaust time in group B was better than in group A,the difference was significant(P0.05);the first 24 hours digestion drainage and comparison,B was superior to group A,the difference was significant(P0.05);X-ray plain film,group A in conventional gastrointestinal decompression,obvious changes of no use plain film of the abdomen,intestinal obstruction catheter,visible sternite liquid level was reduced or disappeared,the average disappeared time was 7.9±5.3 days;drainage properties: intestinal duct was deep yellow stool sample liquid,with the smell the yellow juice,and ordinary tube was yellow intestinal juice,green bile-like liquid,white juice.Conclusion intestinal obstruction catheter is effective in the treatment of adhesive intestinal obstruction,It can improve symptoms,reduce the operation rate,the curative effect is better than that of ordinary tube.


Laser sintering machine (1), in particular plastic laser-sintering machine, housed with a in a machine housing (2) installation space (3) in which an output optical system (scanner (5)) of a sintering laser (6) and including a vertically displaceable workpiece platform (8 ) are disposed and a material supply device with a coater (10) is provided which is used for feeding powder-like sintering material (9) from a reservoir into the process area above the workpiece platform (8), characterized in that in the construction space (3) a bounding box for the sintered material (9) forming interchangeable container (12) is insertable, into which the workpiece platform (8) is integrated as a container bottom and in which a carrier device (20, 40) is arranged, on which the workpiece platform (8) during operation of the laser is supported -Sintermaschine (1) and / or fixed, and wherein the support device (20) for the workpiece platform (8) in Move and Erich tung extending engaging recesses (33) in the rear side wall (14 ') passes through.


The doctoral thesis roots in the understanding that corporations are increasingly pressured to take over more responsibility towards employees, the environment, and the broader society, — something that has recently been addressed by the research field of corporate responsibility (CR). The thesis acknowledges the important role of leadership and, more specifically, of leadership systems in successfully integrating CR in organisations. A framework for responsible leadership systems (RLS) is developed and applied to an empirical investigation in large-scale multinational corporations in Germany. The results show best-practices with regard to how companies integrate CR into leadership systems. Instruments and tools which helped companies to integrate CR (best practices) are presented. A company benchmarking identifies strength and weaknesses of participating organisations. Several high-level analyses demonstrate generic links between different key areas for successful change.


In this paper I introduce reflections which aims to present results of reflections on the importance of the relationship between gestures, body movements, rhythms and music in order to create possibilities and demonstrate that these are directly related to pedagogical work, work that can be related to other factors capable of developing the cognitive, motor and corporeality in the child's early school years. When we think about of early child development we can consider that childhood life and teaching are a way of understanding the world, the environment around you who interacts with the child's development. The child can develop in many ways, the issue of speech and action speak, sing, play, hit objects, in order to explore the environment in which she is and discover the universe of sound that can be produced either by the child's action towards objects and produced by herself in the use of his body. It was observed in Brazil a significantly increased discussions about early childhood education with the constitution of 1988 when was inserted a chapter relative to education, day care and preschool. Thereby the school attendance of children from the first months of life and six years becomes a duty of state and a right of the child through the legal point of view. The National Reference Curriculum for Early Childhood Education can help teachers to improve the development of the work with objectives and methods that can be followed. According to official documents "the gesture and body movement are closely linked and connected to the musical work. The musical realization implies in the gesture as much as in the moving, because sound is also gesture and vibratory motion and body's movement translate into the different sounds that you realize ". The body movement, as well as speech, child's phonetic, are important in their development, but often, even by a school culture and historical factors relating to child discipline some attitudes are taken with the intention train her to always stay quiet and sitting. De Marco (1995) claims that the pedagogical essence of psychomotor centers on the proposition of a diverse repertoire of motor activities directed to the development and improvement of these base structures. In this sense, we conclude that when children begin to discover sounds of the body or the environment around you, considering the wide variety of sounds that is present in our daily lives, every noise, birdsong, the sound of a car, snap fingers, clap, they relate to movements, they can build skills in children and rhythmic perception, sound, making them more able to have a greater expression and to relations with the social and the environment around you.


South Africa's putative status in Africa as a regio nal and sub-regional hegemonic power is sometimes viewed from the prism of its exceptionali sm and Afro-modernity. The study on which this article is based analyzed secondary data from print a d electronic media to argue that although South Africa has shown mixed behavior in its foreig n policy in Africa, neo-imperialism is not the most appropriate mode to conceptualize it. Contrary to the arguments of some studies that have unjustifiably placed South Africa's continental dip lomacy in Africa within the orbit of neoimperialism or sub-imperialism, this paper argues t hat South African diplomacy in Africa is also captured within the orbit of its constitutional dem ocracy. We argue that South Africa has collaborated with international capital to create u nequal exchange between it and Africa. South Africa's African Renaissance rhetoric appears more f a response to the world economic order it found itself in at the end of apartheid than the pu rported African revival it projects.


Fault-tolerant control of a five-phase (5Ph) permanent magnet (PM) motor has been recently widely studied, however decoupled modeling under faulty conditions is discussed in less details. In this paper, decoupled model of the 5Ph PM motor under single-phase open fault is investigated and based on the proposed model field oriented control (FOC) is applied to the motor. The proposed model is based on the concept of preserving values of fundamental magnetic motive force (MMF) and back electromotive force (EMF) under single-phase open fault, the same as in healthy case, along with keeping equal torque equation at fundamental rotating space. Nevertheless, the output torque still presents some noises due to third harmonics of air-gap flux and system uncertainties, and to cope with those disturbances, sliding mode control (SMC) is proposed in the speed loop to improve the speed performance. The proposed SMC contains a PI controller and a chattering term, and thus it can be easily tuned. The decoupled model is verified by transient finite element analysis finite element analysis (FEA) and further experiment results are presented to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.


Taking LandSat TM/ETM+ images as information source, this paper used the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) to extract mining subsidence-resulted surface water body information in Yanzhou coal mining area. It was found that the extracted water body information would be mixed with solid-waste dumps. Taking DN 40 in band 5 as threshold value, the water bodies and solid-waste dumps were identified accurately. In addition, DN 80 in band 3 could be used as threshold value to identify shallow water and deep water. Furthermore, the results based on NDWI-threshold method were cross validated by IR band, and the changing trend of water bodies and solid-waste dumps was detected in Yanzhou coal mining area in the past 15 years.


In an effort to prevent the misuse of human genetic data—and remove a potential roadblock from some types of genetic research—President Clinton this week urged Congress to pass a new federal law forbidding discrimination based on a person's genes. Clinton said he wants to make it illegal for any health insurance company to deny coverage to a healthy person simply because medical data indicate that the person is at risk for an inherited disease. He said he will join forces with a bipartisan group in Congress to write legislation to that effect.


This study investigates experimentally pricing behavior of sellers in duopoly markets with posted prices and market power. The two treatment variables are given by divisibility of the price space and tie breaking rules. A change in divisibility is modeled by making the sellers' price space finer or coarser. The second treatment variable deals with the rule under which demanded units are allocated between sellers in case of a price tie. We find that lower divisibility tends to generate lower prices. Furthermore, posted prices and the incidence of perfect collusion are significantly higher under the sharing tie breaking rule than under the random (coin-toss) one. Puzzello: Department of Economics, Krannert School of Management, Purdue University, 403 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2056, USA. E-mail: email@example.com. This research was supported by the Center of International Business Education and Research and the Purdue Research Foundation. We thank for constructive comments Gabriele Camera, Marco Casari, Tim Cason, and Dan Kovenock.


The formation of crystalline SiC by implantation of C ions into silicon is not a single-step process. The implantation results in an elastic distortion of the Si matrix lattice and in the formation of crystalline SiC particles, depending on ion fluence and thermal conditions during implantation and postannealing. The growth of the SiC particles in the Si matrix was studied with various synchrotron x-ray scattering techniques and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Crystallites of the 3C–SiC polytype are formed in a buried layer. Three groups of crystallites with different orientation relative to the Si matrix are found: with a random orientation like in a powder material, with a fiber texture axis parallel to the surface normal, and completely aligned to the Si matrix lattice due to a partially coherent growth of SiC in the Si matrix. The thermal treatment favors the growth of highly oriented material: a higher implantation temperature is more efficient than a postimplantation treatment even...


Over the past few years, taxanes have emerged as a new class of anticancer drugs. Docetaxel (DTX) the prototype of this class has been approved for the treatment of broad range of cancers. However, to date the commercial preparation of DTX (Taxotere®) is accompanying adverse side effects, intolerance, and poor solubility, which can be overcome by encapsulating them using solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs). SLNs represent versatile delivery system of drugs with newer forms such as polymer–solid lipid hybrid, surface modified and long circulating nanoparticles bringing forth improved prospects for cancer chemotherapy. In this review, the authors have discussed the current uses of various SLNs formulations of DTX with key emphasis on controlled and site-specific drug delivery along with enhanced antitumour activity elucidated via in vitro and in vivo studies. Furthermore, the review article highlights few approaches that can be used in combination with existing DTX-loaded SLNs to supplement DTX drug delivery.


This paper gives a simple analysis on the influence of different installation site of zero sequence current transformer to transformer zero-sequence over current relay and transformer gap zero-sequence over cur-rent relay.and proposed a better installation site.


Previous studies in vivo (Ealy and others 1993) and in vitro (Edwards and Hansen 1997, Rivera and Hansen 2001) have shown that embryos are sensitive to elevated temperature at the two-cell stage. The current finding confirmed this adverse effect of elevated temperature. However, while embryos produced in summer have reduced developmental competence, there was no evidence to suggest that they were more susceptible to damage caused by heat shock after fertilisation.


In this paper we consider the problem of determining the effects of a nonuniformity in diffusion processes on the resultant electrical characteristics in semiconductor devices. A bipolar, planar silicon p-n-p transistor is considered as an example. A model is presented describing the current gain in terms of measurable diffusion parameters. These parameters are 1) the four-point probe reading of the diffused base, 2) the emitter-base junction depth, and 3) the collector-base junction depth or √Dt of the base. The model is used to predict the sensitivity of current gain to each of these diffusion parameters; it is shown that the sensitivity of current gain to the junction depth can be drastically reduced by a modification in transistor structure. Design criteria for making this structural change are presented as well as the results on actual devices.


A syntax tree-based prosody generation module had been previously developed for our own speaker-dependent, concatenative speech synthesiser SVOX. In this technical report, we mainly examined the possibility of this syntax tree-based module capturing speaker-independentprosodic information. Apart from that, we also looked at the possibility of supplementing synthetic prosodic features with speaker-dependentcues, using this syntax tree-based module and a small amount of "adaptation data". We experimented on the German language. Speech samples presented to listeners, who speak German as their first language, were generated by an HMM-based speech synthesiser whose conventional prosody prediction mechanism was replaced with this syntax tree-based prosody generation module. Subjective evaluations suggested a layer of this syntax tree-based prosody generation module could capture speaker-independent prosodic information of German and that given a small amount of "adaptation data" another layer of this module could reproduce basic global speaker-dependent prosodic cues.


This study evaluated whether incorporating tagatose, a monosaccharide with prebiotic properties, into bakery products affected their flavours. Cinnamon muffins, lemon cookies, and chocolate cakes were prepared; 1 or 2% tagatose was added to the experimental products while an equal amount of sucrose was added to the control products. Using triangle tests, untrained consumer panels (n=65-81) were unable to distinguish between the flavour of products with and without tagatose. In addition, the flavours of bakery products containing and not containing tagatose were liked similarly. Based on this data, bakery products may be formulated containing low levels of tagatose for its health benefits without altering the product's flavour.


Signature is a formal aspect that must be fulfilled in making a deed. However, problems are often encountered in the field when the person signing is a person with a disability. So that the purpose of this research is to analyze the ratification of notarial deeds for persons with disabilities and how the urgency and legal implications of applying the fingerprints of the presence on the minutes of the notary deed. The method used in this research is a normative research method. The results of this analysis show that first, preventive legal protection for persons with physical disabilities in making deed before a notary is contained in Notary Law which is stated in article 44 paragraph (1) Notary Law. Second, attaching the fingerprints of the appearer to the minute of the deed is considered important to prove the appearer/appearers/the parties to the minute of the notary deed against denial of the signature in the event of a dispute in the future, as well as giving more legal force to the notarial deed.


Two copper(II) propionate complexes with N-arylsalicylideneamines have been prepared. The magnetic and spectral properties of these complexes indicate that they have a carboxylate-bridged binuclear structure.


To optimize the placement of soft open points (SOPs) in active distribution networks (ADNs), many aspects should be considered, including the adjustment of transmission power, integration of distributed generations (DGs), coordina‐ tion with conventional control methods, and maintenance of eco‐ nomic costs. To address this multi-objective planning problem, this study proposes a multi-stage coordinated robust optimiza‐ tion model for the SOP allocation in ADNs with photovoltaic (PV). First, two robust technical indices based on a robustness index are proposed to evaluate the operation conditions and ro‐ bust optimality of the solutions. Second, the proposed coordinat‐ ed allocation model aims to optimize the total cost, robust volt‐ age offset index, robust utilization index, and voltage collapse proximity index. Third, the optimization methods of the multiand single-objective models are coordinated to solve the pro‐ posed multi-stage problem. Finally, the proposed model is imple‐ mented on an IEEE 33-node distribution system to verify its ef‐ fectiveness. Numerical results show that the proposed index can better reveal voltage offset conditions as well as the SOP utiliza‐ tion, and the proposed model outperforms conventional ones in terms of robustness of placement plans and total cost.


The detection equipment installed in the Zero Gradient Synchrotron (ZGS) is described. Most measurement techniques and equipment are similar to those of other synchrotrons with the possible exception of fluorescent screens of high transmission viewed by storage TV systems. We find these useful for a variety of diagnostic techniques at injection, such as measurement of equilibrium orbits, median plane, injection angles, and angular spreads. The value of these techniques, which depend upon the focussing properties of the synchrotron, lies in their ability to separate magnet effects from injection effects. These techniques are described in some detail. Also discussed briefly are some of the problems that we have encountered, such as unbalanced ground currents, tune variation during the accelerating cycle, and a vertical instability with a sharp intensity threshold.


A frequency‐domain investigation into the effects of nonuniform earthquake excitation on the response of a three‐dimensional arch dam‐water‐foundation system is performed. The analysis consists of two parts. First, the free‐field motions of the canyon walls are obtained by the boundary element method after making some simplifying assumptions about the canyon geometry and the earthquake mechanism. In the second part of the analysis, the frequency‐domain response of the dam‐water‐foundation system is computed by the finite element method using the previously determined free‐field excitations. To more concisely quantify the effect of nonuniform seismic input, the frequency‐domain responses are converted into the time domain in the form of standard deviations of the response to a random input with an earthquake‐like frequency content. As shown by an analysis of Pacoima Dam, inclusion of nonuniformity in the stream component of the excitation reduces the dam response, and the effect of nonuniformity in the cro...


Holographic planar gratings are fabricated by inducing perturbation in the refractive index (permittivity) in the medium. The Bragg condition for slanted or unslanted holographic gratings is given by 2nL cos(ϕ ‒ θ) = λ0, where L is the grating period, ϕ is the slant angle, θ is the angle of incidence measured in the grating medium, λ0 is the free-space wavelength, n is the refractive index of the grating medium neglecting the grating modulation. This approximation is generally valid since the index does not vary through the grating thickness and the index modulation is very small. Surface-relief gratings are fabricated by producing periodic perturbation in the surface of the grating medium. The above Bragg condition may be used for symmetric surface-relief gratings (ϕ = 90) in the form 2L sinθ0 = λ0, where θ0 is the angle of incidence in air. For asymmetric gratings, the average refractive index or permittivity of the grating varies though the grating thickness and is significantly different from the refractive indices of two regions forming the grating. The slant angle of the grating and the grating period needed in the Bragg condition are not defined. In this work, a condition for maximum diffraction efficiency for asymmetric surface-relief gratings is proposed. The predicted angles of incidence for maximum diffraction efficiency for several grating profiles are compared with the exact angles obtained using the rigorous coupled-wave analysis. Satisfactory agreement is shown for both TE and TM polarization for the various grating profiles considered. The proposed condition is shown to be a reliable indicator of the maximum efficiency.


It has been shown that vibrating devices can successfully be used for separation and removal of unwanted/contaminant material, for both laboratory and full-scale industrial purposes. The presence of impurities on energy-rich softwood stumps is a major drawback when using stumps as fuel, since it leads to high ash content. Vibration methods can be an efficient approach to remove excess impurities and achieve acceptable ash content. Stumps are usually shaken in connection with harvesting and stored afterwards to facilitate the removal of contaminants. The required storage duration can lead to high dry matter losses and a faster and efficient cleaning method such as vibration is highly desirable. This study evaluated the performance of an adjustable three-dimensional vibrating test rig designed to assess the cleaning efficiency of vibration-based methods. Vibrating parameters such as acceleration amplitude, frequency and displacement of the test rig were determined for 12-24 mm distance between eccentric weight centre of mass and the rotating shaft of electric motors at rotation velocity 19.16-29.17 Hz. The acceleration amplitude ranged from 1.38 to 5.71 g. The parameters could be repeated irrespective of direction and number of vibration directions. The test rig was therefore considered to be a reliable tool for determining and evaluating the efficiency of vibration in removing contaminants from stumps.


Background. The nuclear receptor for vitamin D mediates most of the biological functions of this vitamin. It belongs to the steroid hormone receptor family, the gene for which (vitamin D receptor — VDR) is located on chromosome 12q13.1. Genetic variability has been reported in the VDR gene, in which more than 470 single nucleotide polymorphisms have been identified. One of the most common polymorphisms in the VDR gene is rs731236 (TaqI). The purpose was to study the TaqI polymorphism of the VDR gene in children with growth hormone deficiency (GHD). Materials and methods. The TaqI polymorphism of the VDR gene (rs731236) was determined using the polymerase chain reaction, followed by analysis of the length of restriction fragments detected by agarose gel electrophoresis in 28 prepubescent children with GHD. Results. In the group of patients with GHD, the proportion of heterozygotes for T/C TaqI polymorphism of the VDR gene (rs731236) is 1.28 times higher than among healthy individuals. There were 0.68 and 0.90 times fewer patients carrying T/T and C/C genotypes than in the control group. The presence of a homozygous TT genotype increases the risk of developing GHD, but not significantly (odds ratio (OR) = 1.89, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.66–5.39; p = 0.23), and the presence of a homozygous CC genotype is protective (OR = 0.75, 95% CI 0.17–3.22; p = 0.70). When analyzing alleles in patients with GHD, the following data were obtained: carriage of the T allele for the polymorphic loci TaqI rs731236 of the VDR gene is associated with the risk of GHD (OR = 1.24, 95% CI 0.65–2.36; p = 0.52) but not significantly. The ratio of allele (pТ = 0.554, qС = 0.446) frequencies practically does not differ from 1 : 1, which indicates the preservation of allele frequencies in the Ukrainian population. Conclusions. In children with GHD, the proportion of the T/C genotype is 1.28 times higher than in the group of healthy persons. The presence of a homozygous TT genotype increases the risk of developing GHD but not significantly (OR = 1.89, 95% CI 0.66–5.39; p = 0.23). Carriage of the T allele for the polymorphic locus TaqI rs731236 of the VDR gene is associated with the risk of the growth hormone deficiency (OR = 1.24, 95% CI 0.65–2.36; p = 0.52) but not significantly.


The practice teaching is the importance contents of talents training of application-oriented enginery specialty.Based on practice in this paper,practice teaching model structure of divided periods and modularization,multi-levels and individuation of application-oriented enginery specialty is set up,module contents of three teaching platforms,such as machinery foundation practice teaching platform,machinery class specialty practice teaching platform,and science and technology innovation base,are adjusted,and practice teaching models are reformed.The good practice results are achieved.


The rapid growth and development of mobile systems over the past few years has exposed the capability and effective availability of wireless communication and thus paved the way for secure transmission and execution of data. This paper deals with this wireless local area security technologies and aims to exhibit their potential for integrity, availability and confidentiality. It provides a thorough analysis of the most WLAN packet data services and technologies, which can reveal the data in a secure manner. The article outlines its main technical characteristics, discusses its architectural aspects based on security and explains the access protocol, the services provided, in secured way. This paper deals with security techniques for wireless local area networks.


We offer some elementary characterisations of group and round quadratic forms. These characterisations are applied to establish new (and recover existing) characterisations of Pfister forms. We establish "going-up" results for group and anisotropic round forms with respect to iterated Laurent series fields, which contrast with the established results with respect to rational function field extensions. For forms of two-power dimension, we determine when there exists a field extension over which the form becomes an anisotropic group form that is not round.


In the presence of idiosyncratic risk, the public revelation of information about uncertain aggregate outcomes such as policy choices can be detrimental to social welfare. By announcing informative signals on non-insurable aggregate risk, the policy maker distorts agents' insurance incentives and increases the riskiness of the optimal allocation that is feasible in self-enforceable arrangements. As an application, we consider a monetary authority that may reveal changes in the inflation target, and document that the negative effect of distorted insurance incentives can very well dominate conventional effects in favor for the release of better information.


• This research uses data from the National Election Study's 2012 Time Series Study to explore how various factors such as party identification, gender, and age can impact one's views on whether the federal government should make guns less accessible. • The issue of gun control has become increasingly relevant in recent years due to increased violent gun-related incidents. • Gun laws are divided by state. Some states will issue only to residents, others will also issue to nonresidents. "May Issue" laws require an applicant to have a need for a permit, whereas "Shall Issue" laws only have a list of specifications. • Legislation such as the Castle Doctrine, first passed in Florida in 2005, gives citizens the right to protect themselves in their homes using deadly force. • In some states, this right extends to one's car or workplace. • Public opinion polling is a useful and viable way to interpret views. • There are many cross-cultural bel iefs surrounding the impact that factors including partisanship, gender, and age have on one's opinion of controversial issues, including gun control.


Aim:  The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum levels of the glycoxylation product Nε‐(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) and development of chronic diabetic complications and degree of diabetic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.


Pico/femtosecond optical semiconductor switching using both a reflection and. a transmission switch for 10.6 /spl mu/m has been used before to produce pulses as short as 130 fs. However, for many experiments, for example those involving intracavity switching, it is desirable to operate with a single reflection switch. To this end we investigated many semiconductor surface structures. In this talk we discuss the fastest and most reliable structure investigated which is capable of generating 10 /spl mu/m pulses shorter than 500 fs. The CO/sub 2/-laser pulse is created by reflection from a transient metallic-like semiconductor plasma. The speed of this switching technique relies on the ultra short carrier lifetime (/spl les/0.5ps) in low temperature molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) grown GaAs (LT-GaAs). Subpicosecond recombination time is achieved through the introduction of high density As-recombination centers during the growth of GaAs. Our experiments show that LT-GaAs, grown under the following conditions is ideally suited for optical semiconductor switching of below band gap IR radiation.<<ETX>>


. Verifiable secret sharing (VSS) is a fundamental tool of cryptography and distributed computing in Internet of things (IoTs). Since network bandwidth is a scarce resource, minimizing the number of verification data will improve the performance of VSS. Existing VSS schemes, however, face limitations in meeting the number of verification data and energy consumptions for low-end devices, which make their adoption challenging in resource-limited IoTs. To address above limitations, we propose a VSS scheme according to Nyberg's one-way accumulator for one-way hash functions (NAHFs). The proposed scheme has two distinguished features: first, the security of the scheme is based on NAHFs whose computational requirements are the basic criteria for known IoT devices and, second, upon receiving only one verification data, participants can verify the correctness of both their shares and the secret without any communication. Exper-imental results demonstrate that, compared to the Feldman scheme and Rajabi-Eslami scheme, the energy consumption of a participant in the proposed scheme is respectively reduced by at least 24% and 83% for a secret.


The invention discloses an input method calling method, an input method calling device and a terminal, and belongs to the technical field of information input. The input method calling method includes the steps as follows: acquiring webpage source codes of a target webpage; determining the language type of the target webpage according to the webpage source codes; and sending the determined language type to an operation system, so as to enable the operation system to call an input method corresponding to the language type. The problems that when an explorer receives an input signal from a user, the operation calls the input method which is used by the user last time or is a default of the operation system, so that manual switching is required and user experience is poor are solved; and moreover, as the explorer can send the determined language type of the target webpage to the operation system and the operation system is enabled to call the input method matched with the language type, the use by the user is facilitated and the use experience of the user is improved.


Plasma opening switches have been studied by using laser-produced plasmas. In this paper, a CO/sub 2/ laser (5 J/pulse, 5.5 MW peak power and 10.6 /spl mu/m wavelength) was used as a plasma source of the plasma opening switch (POS). The plasma parameters were measured by Faraday cup, Langmuir probe and a monochromator. It was found that ions with a fast flow velocity are required to obtain the fast opening time, and thermalized plasmas with a slow velocity decrease the opening time. However, the POS operation was improved by the switch modifications despite the existence of thermalized plasmas.


Since the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy, the rural economy has been greatly improved. However, the development of rural areas is facing environmental and ecological problems. Rural ecological environment is the basis for the survival and development of rural residents, and the basis for the realization of rural economic development. Promoting the construction of rural ecological civilization is not only an important part of promoting the rural revitalization strategy, but also an important part of building a beautiful China and a beautiful countryside. In the process of ecological civilization governance, rural development is hindered by the slow development of rural ecological industry, the weak awareness of farmers' ecological civilization, the serious pollution of rural ecological environment and the inadequate rural infrastructure.


Soft drink industry is now growing rapidly in our province, but some quality problems appear in the proless of production. Aiming at these problems,the basic concept of quality control in carbonic acid drink factories is put forward in order to raise the level of manufactorial management and output quality


September 2000 JAE 54/1 Journal of Architectural Education, pp. 20–27 © 2000 ACSA, Inc. Familiar binary categories of architecture such as Western/regional, high style/vernacular and modern/primitive are crucial in guarding its disciplinary boundaries. In the first part of my article, by analyzing a number of paradigmatic architectural texts, I argue that notions of lack and excess are instrumental in maintaining the largely superimposed binary constructions of West/non-West and architecture/nonarchitecture. Then, through a particular reading of a non-Western site, I explore ways of rethinking the categories of architecture and non-Western beyond such binary oppositions.


The automated methylthymol blue method for determination of sulfate has been adapted to flow injection sample processing. Prominent features of the method include a linear calibration curve up to 6 mg/L, approximate sensitivity of 0.1 mg/L, and sampling rate of 20 per hour. Average precision was 4.1% and average accuracy evaluated by comparison of results with those obtained by ion chromatography was 97%.


Distributed technologies attract researchers interest as they propose many technological, but as well organizational and end-user benefits. With development of Web 2.0 and Cloud computing, distributed networks are considered as new source of business opportunities. The present research will identify advantages and limitations of distributed knowledge management systems (DKMS). Thus technologies and models of distrubuted KMS will be assessed as an alternative approach to centralized KMS. A review of several theoretical DKMS model will be made in order to outline the common characteristics and alternative approaches to DKMS architecture. At the end will be summarised conclusions for development of new theoretical model of user-centered DKMS.


The objective of this study is to implement a text-independent speaker verification system based on Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). To improve the GMM-based system performance, SVM is employed. There are many methods to improve a GMM-based system and to combine it into a SVM. Here, we first employ SVM as a post-processing strategy. Thus, in cases where it was possible for GMM to verify or reject a speaker wrongly, SVM is employed to take the final decision while reducing the error. To verify a speaker text-independently, with no prior knowledge on what is uttered, GMMs has acted very successful .


A letter from Burroughs Wellcome Co. to Gloria Goodwin, at the AIDS Resource Center, to set the conditions for Burroughs Wellcome Co. to conduct a clinical trial at the Nelson-Tebedo Community Clinic.


Studies suggest a bias against the publication of null (p >.05) results. Instead of significance, we advocate reporting effect sizes and confidence intervals, and using replication studies. If statistical tests are used, power tests should accompany them.


The designer of a system on a chip (SoC) that connects IP cores through a network on chip (NoC) needs methods to support application performance evaluation. Two key aspects these methods have to address are the generation and evaluation of network traffic. Traffic generation allows injecting packets in the network according to application constraint specifications such as transmission rate and end-to-end latency. Performance evaluation helps in computing latency and throughput at network channels/interfaces, as well as to identify congestion and hot-spots. This paper reviews related works in traffic generation and performance evaluation for mesh topology NoCs, and proposes general methods for both aspects. Three parameters are used here to define traffic generation: packet spatial distribution, packet injection rate and packet size. Two types of methods to evaluate performance in NoCs are discussed: (i) external evaluation, a common strategy found in related works, where the network is considered as a black box and traffic results are obtained only from the external network interfaces; (ii) internal evaluation, where performance is computed in each network channel. The paper presents the result of experiments conducted in an 8times8 mesh network, varying the routing algorithms and the number of virtual channels. The main contribution of this work is the set of methods for internal NoC evaluation, which help designers to optimize the network under different traffic scenarios


Effective agricultural planning requires basic soil information. In recent decades visible near‐infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (vis‐NIR) has been shown to be a viable alternative for rapidly analysing soil properties. We studied 7172 samples of seven different soil types collected from several regions of Brazil and varying in organic matter (OM) (0.2–10.3%) and clay content (0.2–99.0%). The aim was to explore the possibility of enhancing the performance of vis‐NIR data in predicting organic matter and clay content in this library by dividing it into smaller sub‐libraries on the basis of their vis‐NIR spectra. We used partial least square regression (PLSR) models on the sub‐libraries and compared the results with PLSR and two non‐linear calibration techniques, boosted regression trees (BT) and support vector machines (SVM) applied to the whole library. The whole library calibrations for clay performed well (ME (modelling efficiency) > 0.82; RMSE (root mean squared error) < 10.9%), reflecting the influence of the direct spectral responses of this property in the vis‐NIR range. Calibrations for OM were reasonably good, especially in view of the very small variation in this property (ME > 0.60; RMSE < 0.55%). The best results were, however, found when dividing the large library into smaller subsets by using variation in the mean‐normalized or first derivative spectra. This divided the global data set into clusters that were more uniform in mineralogy, regardless of geographical origin, and improved predictive performance. The best clustering method improved the RMSE in the validation to 8.6% clay and 0.47% OM, which corresponds to a 21% and 15% reduction, respectively, as compared with whole library PLSR. For the whole library, SVM performed almost equally well, reducing RMSE to 8.9% clay and 0.48% OM.


This study evaluated the bromatological and histological features of native African grasses under grazing in Brazilian semi-arid rangelands. An experimental grid design was used in a randomised sampling method for four replicate samples of three African grasses. The grasses evaluated were: Cenchrus ciliaris L., Digitaria pentzii Stent. and Megathyrsus maximus (Jacq.). The bromatological and histological traits analysed included dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibre corrected to ashes and protein (NDFap), lignin, mesophyll, vascular bundle, phloem, xylem, vascular sheath, sclerenchyma, bulliform cells, and the adaxial and abaxial epidermis. The type of grass and grazing cycle correlated with DM, NDF and lignin (p < 0.05), whereas CP was not affected by these factors (p > 0.05). Dry matter ranged between 128 and 304 g kg−1; CP ranged between 90 and 167 g kg−1; NDFap between 542 and 707 g kg−1, and lignin between 10 and 40 g kg−1. The proportion of xylem (8.4%), vascular sheath (30.5%) and total vascular bundles (38.1%) were greater in M. maximus (p < 0.05). The percentage of sclerenchyma did not differ between species (p > 0.05). Digitaria pentzii and C. ciliaris had a greater proportion of mesophyll than M. maximus (p < 0.05). Of the three grasses analysed. Digitaria pentzii exhibited the highest forage quality, because it had the lowest concentration of fibre and lignin, with lower proportions of lignified tissues.


Abstract Resonant Raman Scattering and doping induced IR absorption are explained in terms of amplitude modes of the 1-d gap. The RRS frequencies and relative intensities of the renormalized phonon lines at the various concentrations are readily obtained.


Polymers used in textiles were found to be effective as actuator materials with large deformation. Particularly, the polymers with low dielectric constants used to be considered inactive to electric field were turned out to be efficient actuator materials. They were classified into three types; (1) polymer gels swollen with solvents, (2) plasticized polymers, (3) bulk polymers. From the viewpoint of easy-to-operate, polymer gel deformation with swelling and deswelling was excluded here. Swollen dielectric gels could be electrically deformed by solvent drag that induced asymmetric pressure distribution in the gels. Bending and crawling motions were observed in these materials. In the case of plasticized polymers, especially in the case of poly(vinyl chloride) with plasticizers, amoeba- like reversible creep deformation was found, and the strain with over several hundreds of percent was detected. The material was stable and could have been operated for over two years. Bulk polymer film like poly(ethylene terephthalate) was found to oscillate under an application of dc electric field. Of course, the Maxwell force induced elastic contractile deformation can be expected in all cases. The variation of the electrically induced deformation in dielectric polymer materials were demonstrated to be vast and expected application fields are also spread widely, particularly as artificial muscles.


Objective:To study the clinical value of SPECT ~ 99m Tc-MIBI myocardial perfusion imaging(SPECT)on the diagnosis of coronary artery disease(CAD).Methods:Sixty cases were checked with SPECT and coronaey artery angiography(CAG),Clinical datd of all patients were analyzed.Results:Compared with CAG,the sensitivity of the diagnosis of CAD with SPECT was 93.18%,the specificity 50%,the accurate index 81.67%,the positive 83.67%,and the negative 72.7%.Conclusion:SPECT comparing with CAG,from different diagnostic point of view,had higher coincidence rate.Assuming that the result of CAG was positive,CAD can be diagnosed,and if CAG and SPECT were both negative,CAD could be excluded.


We report on the testing of a single-beam 1.7-MHz coherent Doppler sonar. The system is PC-controlled, using a digital signal processor (DSP) to acquire and extract the velocity and backscatter amplitude data. Results from a series of tow- tank calibration tests demonstrate an accuracy in the order of 5 mm sK1 for data rates of 10 profileshecond over a 1-2- m range with 1.5-cm range bins. An expression for system accuracy is developed which allows generalization to other pulse- to-pulse coherent Doppler systems. We present data showing the systematic decorrelation of backscatter signals due to particle advection: increased decorrelation is seen in the transducer near- field. Example observations of velocity profiles in laboratory- generated waves are presented. I. INTRODUCTION ELOCITY measurements over length scales of order V 1 m with centimeter resolution are required in many areas of both field and laboratory study. The small scale of measurement and the short ranges involved are such that even the smallest point sensor can cause some flow disturbance and degrade data quality. In this situation, acoustic sampling can provide an attractive alternative to point-sensor measurements. These remote profiling techniques are noninvasive, and they can provide a complete profile right up to a boundary. In this paper, we report on a general-purpose single-beam 1.7-MHz sonar unit (the Dopbeam system) that is capable of pulse-to-pulse coherent Doppler measurements over ranges of order 2 m. Some background on the operation of coherent Doppler systems is provided, and the basic components of the Dopbeam system are described. We present results of a calibration of the Dopbeam unit which demonstrates velocity- profile measurements with an accuracy of order 5 mm sK1 at a rate of 10 sK1 in 1.5-cm range bins. Using data from tow-tank tests, we develop expressions that allow an estimation of the system accuracy: these expressions are presented in terms of the system operating parameters and so allow generalization to other pulse-to-pulse coherent Doppler systems. The decorrela- tion of the Doppler signal associated with scatterer advection through the sonar beam is quantified.


In the frameworks of hypothesis of practical constancy of the neutron resonance number in small fixed intervals of neutron energy, their most probable value was determined for nucleus mass region 230<A<244 from approximation of the reduced neutron widths by superposition of two or four independent distributions. This was done under assumption that a set of the measured neutron amplitudes can correspond to one or to superposition of some normal distributions with non-zero average and dispersion differing from reduced neutron width. The main result of the analysis: the mean spacing and neutron strength function values can be determined only with unknown systematical uncertainty whose magnitude is determined by unknown precision of the Porter-Thomas hypothesis correspondence to concrete experimental sets of resonances and unknown experimental mean neutron widths.


Objective To assess the clinical value of18F-FDG PET-CT in the surveillance of postoperative recurrence and metastasis in patients with malignant fibrous histiocytoma(MFH). Methods Retrospectively analyze the18F-FDG PET-CT information of 10 postoperative patients who were diagnos with MHF,and then determine the diagnosis effectiveness by clinical follow-up. Results In all 10 postoperative MFH patients treated with18F-FDG PET-CT,4 cases of residual or recurrence and 15 cases of metastasis are confirmed by clinical follow-up. The sensitivity,specificity,accuracy,PPV and NPV of18F-FDG PET-CT in detecting postoperative residual,recurrence and metastasis of MFH are 94. 7%,90. 9%,96. 6%,94. 7% and 100%,respectively. Conclusion18F-FDG PET-CT has an important role in the surveillance of postoperative recurrence and metastasis in patients with MFH. It can be used as effective monitoring method of postoperative recurrence and metastasis.


Vibrio succinogenes required relatively smallamountsofsuccinate for growth whenformate plusnitrate was supplied astheenergysource.There- quirement forsuccinate wasnotapparent whenformate plusfumarate wasthe energy sourcebecause fumarate isreduced tosuccinate. L-Asparagine, fuma- rate,andmalate replaced succinate, anditappears likely thattheydosoby beingconverted tosuccinate. Formate plusL-aspartate orL-asparagine served as energy sourcesforgrowth. Thestoichiometry ofthereduction ofaspartate withH2byresting cells suggests an aspartase reaction followed byreduction of fumarate tosuccinate. Oxalacetate orpyruvate plus bicarbonate didnotsubsti- tuteforsuccinate, nor didmany othercompounds that weretested. '4C-suc- cinate was mainly incorporated intothealcohol-soluble fraction ofcells, al- though there was significant incorporation intothehottrichloroacetic acid-sol- ubleand-insoluble fractions. Vibrio succinogenes isagram-negative, an- aerobic vibrio thatgains energy forgrowth by coupling theoxidation ofhydrogen orformate tothereduction offumarate ornitrate. The organism wasisolated frombovine rumenfluid (7). Studies ofthenutritional requirements of V.succinogenes showed thatitdidnotrequire vitamins andcouldgrowona mineral salts mediumcontaining L-glutamate, L-aspartate, L-alanine, andL-cysteine withformate plus fumarate astheenergy source (7). Noneofthe nutritional studies donetested nitrate asa substitute forfumarate. Inearly experiments withcultures growninnitrate-containi ng