This undergraduate thesis, developed in the framework of a student exchange internship within the Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana (UTEM), in Santiago de Chile, reports details and results of a Telecommunications Engineering project, which in its 2010 stage involves two actions which incorporate the design and implementation of low cost technical solutions for wireless connectivity and Internet access for rural schools in isolated areas of southern Chile. In order to apply the knowledge acquired during the Telecommunications Engineering curriculum and integrating it with the practical experience of applied research and interdisciplinary work, also acquired by the authors being involved in international cooperation projects for rural connectivity, this work presents two separate social-technological impact actions, namely: The complete redesign and improvement of a wide area wireless network corresponding to the infrastructure of the rural connectivity project named NET Cochamó which, since 2006 aims to provide digital connectivity and Internet access to schools in the district of Cochamó (Región de Los Lagos, Chile) through the redistribution of the available bandwidth from a local public service (Municipality). The prospective study, site visit, theoretical design and simulation of the integrated radio links system for a new network of wireless relay stations in order to replicate and scale the bandwidth and Internet access redistribution model for rural schools in another isolated Chilean place, specifically the town of Alto Bio-B́ıo in the region of the same name. Through the chapters, the contextualization of each intervention is followed by technical aspects like network topology redesign, radio links calculation and modeling, digital transmitter configurations at different levels and the implementation of physical infrastructure, as well as the measurement of radio equipment figures, antennas and wireless IP networks related parameters. Finally we provide conclusions and evaluation of results for both components of the presented work, also providing some recommendations for future design and fieldwork stages so as to guarantee the continuity and growth of the student cooperation groups for rural connectivity born in UPC and UTEM within the framework of these initiatives.


Chlorine resistance of nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) membranes is of high importance in the water treatment industry. Elastic Recoil Detection (ERD) is now presented as a powerful tool to uniquely provide elemental depth-profiles, including hydrogen, of NaOCl-treated polyamide (PA)-based thin-film composite (TFC) membranes. The influence of pressure, pH and chlorine feed-concentration on the volume-averaged Cl-uptake, the location of Cl throughout the membrane and the z-gradient in Cl/N-ratio is demonstrated. The results suggest that (i) higher volume-averaged Cl-uptakes are achieved at higher chlorine doses and at acidic pH; (ii) chlorination is mostly restricted to the top-layer; (iii) a gradient in Cl/N-ratio exists along the membrane depth; (iv) the shape of this gradient is influenced by the chlorination pH and the applied pressure. Conclusions on the chlorination mechanisms could also be deduced. Conversely, no conclusive relationships between H-fractions and Cl-uptake could be drawn, even though changes in H-content after chlorination were observed. In order to corroborate these results and fully exploit the potential of ERD, the exact microstructure of the (chlorinated) TFC membranes should be better understood.


Present study was conducted for the assessment of diurnal temperature range (DTR) in major cities of Punjab. Diurnal temperature range is the difference between the Monthly Maximum and Minimum temperature. This study provides more information than mean temperature. The purpose of the study was to calculate the spatial distribution of minimum and maximum temperature over Punjab and to assess the Diurnal Temperature range for annual and seasonal variation over the period of last 6 years (2010 to 2015). The first step in this research was to set up a new database of mean yearly maximum and minimum temperature from 6 stations of Punjab (Pakistan) which was Bahawalpur, Bahawalnagar, Sargodha, Jhelum, Faisalabad and Lahore. For this, the data was collected by secondary data collection method. The secondary data of all the indicators was obtained from Bureau of statistics and Metrological department of Pakistan. The data of three indicators which are maximum temperature, minimum temperature and population of the selected cities of Punjab was taken for the same period of time. Different tools such as correlation, regression, scatter diagram and interpolation were used to tabulate the data. The analysis revealed that the selected 6 cities of Punjab showed decrease in diurnal temperature range in recent six years. It is found that when mean temperature is increased then the diurnal temperature range is decreased. In future it is compulsory to take positive steps for the plantation. Congested buildings can boost up minimum temperature more rapid then maximum temperature if there is any green belt or park present in it can help to control the extreme temperature.


Forensic Entomology is a science that studies the insects related to cadaverous decomposition. This science is a useful tool to resolve mysteries around corpses found in particular circumstances. In many countries the study of Forensic Entomology is extensive and this science is used as a legal tool. However, In Colombia this field of study is scarce and still lacks research that will enrich and strengthen it. The researchers strive to make of this science a legal tool and fundamental point of crime scenes.


Whether it is for audit or for recovery purposes, data checkpointing is an important problem of transaction systems. Actually, transactions establish dependence relations on data checkpoints taken by data object managers. So, given an arbitrary set of data checkpoints (including at least a single data checkpoint from a data manager, and at most a data checkpoint from each data manager), an important question is the following one: \Can these data checkpoints be members of a same consistent global checkpoint?". This paper answers this question by providing a necessary and suucient condition suited to transaction systems. Moreover, to show its usefulness, two non-intrusive data checkpointing protocols are designed from this condition.


An attempt has been made to study the influence of wear parameters like UV, wear and percentage of reinforcement on the Jute reinforced E-glass composites. Reinforcement of composite is done based on Taguchi method that was applied for the experiment on UV rays to acquire data in controlled way. An orthogonal array and the analysis of variance were employed to investigate the influence of process parameters on the tensile tests before and after subjected to UV-B rays of composites. The objective is to establish a correlation between the composites. Finally, Opacity, hardness, wear and mechanical tests were conducted and morphology was studied under SEM analysis.


The present study will outline formulation and the evaluation methods of injectable dosage form. The various initial formulations of the developed and those are examined for drug release profile, bioavailability, and clinical effectiveness and for the pilot plant studies and production scale-up. The drug that we need should be most convenient and in proper form then only it reaches to the desired site of action. This is greatly influenced by which the type of dosage form of the drug. Since, injections include much variety of therapeutic agents. Injections are sterile, pyrogen limited, that is, bacterial endotoxin units limit, preparations intended to be administered parenterally. It is well recognized that the advantages of parenteral injections are immediate systemic drug availability and rapid onset of action.
Keywords: Injectable, Parenteral, Sterilization, Tonicity


A novel zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) DC/AC inverter is proposed. The proposed inverter can not only provide output voltage that is higher or lower than DC input voltage but can also use the pulse-width modulation (PWM) control technique. Furthermore, in the proposed inverter, besides operating at constant frequency, all semiconductor devices operate at soft-switching without additional voltage stress and current stress. A design example of 1000 W ZVS-PWM buck-boost inverter is examined to assess the inverter performance


A practical, highly selective O-ethylation method of N-Boc amino alcohols under phase-transfer catalyzed conditions is described. The O-ethylation was accomplished in heptanes or toluene using 50% aqueous sodium hydroxide as the base in the presence of a phase-transfer catalyst, tetrabutylammonium chloride. This method exclusively afforded the O-ethylated products in good yields.


In the title compound, C10H10BrNO4, the planes of the carboxylate and nitro groups are rotated by 60.53 (13) and 6.4 (3)°, respectively, to the benzene ring. In the crystal, intermolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the molecules into zigzag chains parallel to the c axis.


In this paper, the Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) based 64-bit RISC processor with built-in-self test (BIST) feature implemented using VHDL and was, in turn, verified on Xilinx ISE simulator. The VHDL code supports FPGA, System-On-Chip (SOC), and Spartan 3E kit. This paper also presents the architecture, data path and instruction set (IS) of the RISC processor. The 64-bit processors, on the other hand, can address enormous amounts of memory up to 16 Exabyte's. The proposed design can find its applications in high configured robotic work-stations such as, portable pong gaming kits, smart phones, ATMs.


A context-related permission model is proposed for the few control over the permission use of the Android permission mechanism. Also extend the Android system to implement a context-related permission executing system based on the context-related permission model. By enhancing the Android permission mechanism , the context-related permission executing system could identify the real origin of permission request and have a fine-grained control over permission use, which can effectively prevent the intra-application malicious code attack. Experimental results show that the context-related model can effectively control the permission use of application and introduce little performance overhead compared to Android system.


I n October 1988, investigators from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) responded to a request from the management of a window hardware manufacturing facility to evaluate carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) among employees in the assembly department. The main objective was to make recommendations to minimize ergonomic risk factors for CTS in this workplace. Jobs were evaluated for repetitiveness, awkward wrist and arm postures, and muscular force requirements. Epidemiologic studies reveal a strong association between highly repetitious and forceful work and CTS, as well as other cumulative trauma disorders (Silverstein, 1986). Non-neutral joint postures put limbs at a biomechanical disadvantage, requiring more force to accomplish the same task (Armstrong, 1987). Wrist flexion and extension can cause increased friction of the finger flexor tendons against the carpal bones or the tough ligament that lines the carpal tunnel, resulting in inflammation (Armstrong, 1983) and increased pressures within the carpal Epidemiologic studies reveal a strong association between highly repetitious and forceful work and carpal tunnel syndrome, as well as other cumulative trauma disorders.


Photoinduced charge separation and recombination processes in a tetrathiophene−C60 dyad molecule (4T-C60) in various solvents were investigated by observing transient absorption spectra in the near-IR region. In polar solvents such as tetrahydrofuran and benzonitrile, charge separation occurred at a rate on the order of 1010 s-1, which decreased down to the order of 109 s-1 in moderately polar solvents. In nonpolar toluene, charge separation was not observed. The quantum yields for the charge separations were nearly unity in polar solvents. Charge recombination occurred in 100 ps − 10 ns; the shorter lifetimes occurred in the highly polar solvents. After recombination, the triplet excited state of C60 was generated predominantly. In polar solvents such as benzonitrile, the charge-separated state was also observed in the microsecond time region. To explain the unprecedented long lifetime of the second charge-separation step, an equilibrium between the charge-separated state and the triplet excited state wa...


A yellow stain or precipitate forms when a partially soluble sulfate contacts a reagent prepared by acidfiying a 10% mercuric nitrate solution with 1:1 HNO 3 until the hydrolysis precipitate formed just redissolves.


Austro-Hungarian Empire collapsed in ruins in 1918, the Habsburg dynasty exiled and the territory it had ruled reorganized along national lines. Early studies of the dissolution, when not paeans to the glories of the fallen empire, less often asked 'why' than 'when' its collapse became irreversible. Austria-Hungary's demise was seen as the inevitable outcome of the historical process embodied in its successors the rise of nationalist and democratic movements among the Monarchy's diverse inhabitants. Such works trace the origins and growth of nationalist movements in the decades leading up to the death knell for the Habsburg state: the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand at Sarajevo on 28 June 1914. * Only recently have historians looked beyond 1914 to events during the war and, in particular, to the issue of wartime peacemaking. Although their work has not challenged the central role of nationalism in AustriaHungary's collapse, it has altered the timing and challenged the supposition that the collapse was caused by long-term and inevitable historical processes. Narratives of the rise of nationalism among Austria-Hungary's Slavic peoples have given way to studies of the way in which the events of the First World War brought them independence. Paradoxically, Austria-Hungary was destroyed by victory rather than by defeat. On 15 December 1917, the signing of an armistice between the Central Powers and Bolshevik Russia signalled the beginning of the end of the war in the East. The series of defeats that had cost Russia all of Poland, much of the Baltic states, and all but a sliver of conquered AustroHungarian territory by 1915, had not been offset by momentary successes such as that of General Alexei Brusilov against the Austro-Hungarians in


The phosphoric acid (PA) distribution in the electrodes is a crucial factor for the performance of high‐temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells (HT‐PEM FCs). Therefore, understanding and optimizing the electrolyte distribution is vital to maximizing power output and achieving low degradation. Although challenging, tracking the PA in nanometer‐sized pores is essential because most active sites in the commonly used carbon black‐supported catalysts are located in pores below 1 µm. For this study, a cell is operated at 200 mA cm−2 for 5 days. After this break‐in period, the cathode is separated from the membrane electrode assembly and subsequently investigated by cryogenic focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (cryo FIB‐SEM) coupled with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) and time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS). PA is located on the surface and in the bulk of the cathode catalyst layer. In addition, the PA distribution can be successfully linked to the gas diffusion electrode morphology and the binder distribution. The PA preferably invades nanometer‐sized pores and is uniformly distributed in the catalyst layer.


[Objective]To realize the epidemic situation of notifiable infectious diseases in Beitang District of Wuxi City from 2007-2011,provide the basis for formulating the strategies and measures of infectious disease prevention and control.[Methods] The data from National disease monitoring information reporting system were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method.[Results]During 2007-2011,a total of 7 909 cases of 23 notifiable infectious diseases were reported,with the average annual incidence rate of 441.0/lakh.The incidence rate of intestinal infectious disease was the highest(63.45%),followed by the bloodborne diseases and sexually transmitted diseases(19.43%),as well as the respiratory infectious disease(17.08%).The top five infectious diseases were infectious diarrhea(131.80/lakh),hand-foot-mouth disease(87.60/lakh),syphilis(53.92/lakh),bacillary dysentery(50.57/lakh) and tuberculosis(34.79/lakh).The incidence rate of respiratory infectious disease has stabilized,and the incidence rate of blood-borne diseases and sexually transmitted diseases showed a declining trend,while the incidence rate of intestinal infectious disease was still relatively high.[Conclusion]The total incidence rate of notifiable infectious diseases in Beitang District of Wuxi City is in a general level,while infectious diarrhea,hand-foot-mouth disease,syphilis,bacillary dysentery and tuberculosis are the main infectious diseases in Beitang District.In the future,the prevention and monitoring of these infectious diseases should be strengthened.


Solanum torvum Swartz, belonging to the family Solanaceae, a herb known as "Ca dai hoa trang", "Ca hoang gai", "Ca nong", or "Ca du" in Vietnam, is widely distributed in Vietnam. Solanum torvum has been used as folk medicine to treat various illnesses, such as stomachache, cough, fever, toothache, and bee stings. As a part of our research on genus Solanum in Vietnam, three natural compounds including paniculonin A (1), paniculonin B (2), and isorhamnetin-3-O-glucopyranoside (3) were isolated from the water layer of Solanum torvum collected in Thua Thien - Hue. This is the first time compound 3 was isolated from this species.


For the speed of auto registration method for multi-modal images of different sizes is slow,an auto-registration method based on alignment metric is improved.After doing wavelet transformtion for two multi-modal images of different sizes,and taking the facebook image as the registration and the alignment metric as the fitness function,we study the best registration position of two multi-modal images using the genetic algorithm for iterative search.It is proved that auto-registration for multi-modal images of different size can be realized,and has high accuracy,high speed and strong robustness.


Air conditioning is responsible for up to 60% of energy use in commercial buildings and is rapidly increasing in the residential sector. This paper models a group of air-conditioned rooms, whose air conditioners (ACs) are partly powered by photovoltaic (PV) panels. A multi-objective evolutionary algorithm (MOEA) is used to quantify trade-offs amongst peak demand, energy cost and thermal comfort and how those trade-offs change when the air conditioners are coordinated in order to work in awareness of the renewable generation. We model and study a scenario with 8 air conditioners connected to different configurations of photovoltaic panels and compare our findings against the case of having all ACs working independently, irrespective of the renewable generation.


HIV patients are a vulnerable population to COVID-19, being an infectious disease, even sharing drugs for its treatment. At present, this population has been affected in its care, personal and social dimensions. The COVID-19 health crisis has impacted the regular surveillance and medical supplies needed to keep the deadly disease under control. The objective was: To relate the experiences of patients with HIV who are treated at the Leon Becerra Camacho Hospital of the canton Milagro (Ecuador), during the COVID-19 pandemic. The case study follows the qualitative methodology with a phenomenological approach, with a population of 10 patients diagnosed with HIV who are treated at the Leon Becerra Camacho Hospital. The qualitative data collected was analyzed using the Atlas ti V.9 software. It was known that patients with HIV felt affected at the care level because they did not receive periodic control, likewise anxiety and fear of a possible contagion has generated preventive isolation as a self-care measure. Regarding the information needs, the reports indicated that there is a lack of knowledge in aspects related to the preventive biosafety measures applicable to patients with HIV. In conclusion, there is a significant difference in the quality of care offered to patients before the pandemic and during the pandemic.


The present invention provides a video conference system, video conference apparatus and method. The video conference system comprising: a multimedia capturing means for outputting a first video; a Digital Enhanced Cordless Telephone to a first audio output; and a video conference terminal device. Video conference terminal apparatus comprising: an audio processing unit, the first audio stream into a first audio coding; a video processing unit, the first video coded as a first video stream; and a network processing unit, the first audio stream and the first video stream into a first network packet, and transmitted to the IP network; wherein when the processing unit receives a packet network by the second network on the IP network, the audio processing unit and the video processing unit to generate a second audio data, respectively, and a second video, respectively, and digital enhanced Cordless telephone and a display device displays a second and the second video audio.


This study, which replicated a 1995 survey of intern and training director attitudes toward prescription privileges (R. K. Ax, M. R. Forbes, & D. D. Thompson, 1997), found a slight decline in support for prescription privileges. It also noted that factors such as age, position, degree, type of internship program attended, and nature of internship setting were all predictive of willingness to pursue prescription privileges. Attitudinal factors most predictive of willingness to seek prescriptive authority were also reported. The study suggested that previous survey findings have been influenced by several of these variables, which may account for some of the variability of past surveys. Findings were discussed in terms of career status and options, workplace experiences and demands, and the costs versus benefits of pursuing prescription privileges.


Background: The advanced hybrid closed loop (a-HCL) algorithm of the MiniMed 780G includes automated basal and correction bolus insulin and offers the possibility to choose between three glucose targets. The aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of the a-HCL compared to its predecessors, the predictive low glucose suspension (PLGS, MiniMedTM 640G) and the standard hybrid closed loop (s-HCL, MiniMedTM 670G), and to assess which group of patients benefitted the most from the implementation of the a-HCL.
 Methods: Type 1 diabetes patients >18 years of age followed at the University Hospital Zurich (USZ), who initially used a PLGS or a s-HCL and were subsequently switched to the a-HCL until December 2021, were included in the study. Glucose metric data regarding HbA1c, time in range (TIR), time above range (TAR), time below range (TBR), average sensor glucose (SG), and variation coefficient (VC) was retrospectively analyzed before and after the conversion to the a-HCL.
 Results: 88 patients were screened, and 71 patients were included in the analyzes. After the implementation of the a-HCL, there was a significant decrease in HbA1c (pre 7.3±0.7% to post a-HCL 6.8±0.5%, p<0.001), SG (8.8±1.2 mmol/L to 7.9±0.8 mmol/L, p<0.001) and a significant increase in TIR (73.5% to 81%, p<0.001). Additionally, a significant decrease in TAR (23% to 17%, p<0.001) was observed, while TBR (1.5% to 1%, p=0.573) and the VC did not significantly change (33±6.6% to 32.4±5.8%, p=0.313). The changes in glycemic control were most pronounced in patients with a higher baseline HbA1c, a higher baseline SG, a lower baseline TIR, and a higher VC, all measures of poor glycemic control. Furthermore, patients with a body-mass index (BMI) >30kg/m2 achieved the greatest changes in HbA1c and TIR.
 Conclusion: In conclusion, our data support the use of a-HCL in all patients, but especially in poorly controlled type 1 diabetic patients with a high BMI.

 G.Rathmes: None. S.F.Graf: None. C.Cavelti-weder: None.


The most desirable system of allocations should avoid effi ciency losses, resulting from either fi nancial dependency, or subnational fi scal operations by striking a balance between fi scal autonomy and reliance on federal transfers of SNGs.


To handle large volume of test data required for testing a System-on-a-Chip (SoC) demands test data compression techniques. Again power consumption during testing is becoming a major concern. Our paper presents a method of reducing power taking into consideration the dictionary based compression technique proposed in literature, where indices of the dictionary are used for compressing test data. Paper shows how power can be reduced by judicious allocation of dictionary indices to the coded words and the prefix bit selection to differentiate dictionary and non-dictionary entries. The power reduction achieved does affect neither the compression ratio nor the Test Application Time (TAT). It also does not increase the hardware overhead. Experimentation with ISCAS89 benchmark circuits shows up to 71% saving in power.


External-cooling indirect evaporative coolers with different configurations and working air sources are incomprehensively analyzed and compared so far. This paper investigates the mechanism and theory of operation of indirect flat-panel evaporative coolers based on X-analysis. Then, based on the second law of thermodynamics analysis, the entropy production rate of the flat-plate heat exchanger of the cooler is calculated. As a result of this analysis, the optimal energy efficiency-evaporation efficiency and cooling capacity values are presented in terms of effective parameters in the design.


We have developed a double dc SQUID based magnetometer with a direct read-out circuit and measured its signal and noise characteristics. The inductances of the input SQUID and SQUID-preamplifier were 120 and 250 pH. Thin-film flux transformers on the separate substrates had an inductance of the order of 1 /spl mu/H each and a current sensitivity of 0.54 and 0.32 /spl mu/A//spl Phi//sub 0/ for the first and the second SQUIDs, respectively. The intrinsic energy resolution of the fabricated magnetometer for an optimal gain of 58 for the first stage was close to 1.6/spl times/10/sup -32/ J/Hz. The dynamic range and the slew rate were about 126 dB and 4/spl times/10/sup 4/ /spl Phi//sub 0//s.<<ETX>>


"Hi, how you doin? I was told to wait here?with you. You know how long we got to wait?" "I can't say . . . you okay?" "What?" "Are you okay? Are you doing all right?" "Yeah . . . They just brought me in and sent me here. To you. But Fm okay; I'm one of the ones from Charlie Battery, the Two Nineteenth? Been here long?" "Yeah, but we just set up this morning. We'll probably be moving on again." "Yeah? Ah, where are you from?" "The Two Nineteenth." "No, I don't mean this shit, I mean where are you from? Back home?" "Oh ... I'm from Texas."


This research examines the determinants of the state's SCHIP spending and coverage using data collected between 1999 and 2008. As influencing factors, we consider political determinants and fiscal conditions. Using panel data analysis, we find that partisan controls in the governorship, the state House, and the state Senate have a significant impact on SCHIP spending at the state level. Also, empirical results show that fiscal conditions—fiscal capacity, fiscal effort, and federal matching grants—are significant factors in predicting spending and coverage. A high fiscal effort has a positive impact on SCHIP spending and coverage. Also, we find that federal matching grants have a strong substitution effect on the state's SCHIP spending. In addition to direct effects, this study tests two-way interaction terms between independent variables.


Despite behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) appear in most demented patients over the course of the disease and that these symptoms have serious adverse consequences on patients and their caregivers1 80% of Spanish psychiatrists recognize their lack of training and involvement on dementia care2 and previous reports describing dementia burden in general Mental Health Services are scarce. In this context the goals of this work are: 1) to analyze the frequency of dementia in a community Mental Health Unit (MHU) and 2) to analyze the risk of being diagnosed of dementia when geriatric patients are referred to the MHU due to different psychiatric symptoms.


Malaysiawasrankedeighthoutofthetop20countriesintermsofmismanagedplasticwaste.Highconsumptionofsingle-useplasticbyconsumerswasthelargestsourceofthisissue.Itisnoticeablythatconsumers'behavioursplayasignificantroletoreducetheusageofsingle-useplastic.Hence,this research aims to identify the consumer behaviours of using single-use plastics in daily lifeamong the residents in Jelutong, to determine the factors that influence the behavioural intentionofsingle-useplasticsreductionamongtheresidentsinJelutongand,toidentifythemostsignificantfactor that influence the behavioural intention of single-use plastics reduction among the residentsin Jelutong. This research was carry out by using theTheory of Planned Behaviour(TPB). AQuantitativemethodwhichisusingonlinequestionnairewasemployedandthetotalsampleswere382 residents in Jelutong, Penang. Allof the data were analysed using descriptive analysis andregression analysisthrough Statistical Packages for the SocialSciences (SPSS) software. Theresultsshow apositiverelationshipbetweenthevariableofattitudeandsubjectivenorm.Meanwhile,attitudeisthemostsignificantfactorthatinfluencetheresidents' behavioural intentionagainstlowerplasticconsumption.Thus,thefindingsofthisstudycouldprovideusefulinformationthat enable policymakers to implement effective strategies and address the plastic waste pollutiontoensurefutureenvironmentalsustainability.


In order to provide health care, it must be presented in a form accejrtable to the patient. Therefore, the beliefs of a people regarding health, illness, and curing-the realm of medical anthropology-must be considered. To this end, study of the ways in which the prevailing folk or traditional medical systems can interrelate with the Western medical system may be fruitful. The author introduces some basic concepts of medical anthropology, particularly related to the Mexican-United States border area.


Chloride diffusion process on concrete is closely related to the factors such as environment condition and performance of concrete. This paper examines the effect of five exposure temperatures from 2 ℃ to 40 ℃ and curing age of 28,56 and 90 days on chloride diffusion in ordinary concrete and high-performance concrete. The result indicates that chloride diffusion on concrete increases with the exposure temperature. The degree of influence and activation energy Eafor the exposure temperature is related to the concrete performance and curing age. For the design and construction of concrete structure's durability under different environmental regions,we should give full consideration to differences of concrete material and curing time on the values of activation energy Ea.


Database-centric applications (DCAs) are common in enterprise computing, and they use nontrivial databases. Testing of DCAs is increasingly outsourced to test centers in order to achieve lower cost and higher quality. When releasing proprietary DCAs, its databases should also be made available to test engineers, so that they can test using real data. Testing with real data is important, since fake data lacks many of the intricate semantic connections among the original data elements. However, different data privacy laws prevent organizations from sharing these data with test centers because databases contain sensitive information. Currently, testing is performed with fake data that often leads to worse code coverage and fewer uncovered bugs, thereby reducing the quality of DCAs and obliterating benefits of test outsourcing. We show that a popular data anonymization algorithm called k-anonymity seriously degrades test coverage of DCAs. We propose an approach that uses program analysis to guide selective application of k-anonymity. This approach helps protect sensitive data in databases while retaining testing efficacy. Our results show that for small values of k = 7, test coverage drops to less than 30% from the original coverage of more than 70%, thus making it difficult to achieve good quality when testing DCAs while applying data privacy.


Equitable and accessible education on life sciences and bioengineering is crucial to training the next generation of scientists, fostering transparency in public decision-making, and ensuring biotechnology democratization that can benefit a wide-ranging population. As a ground-breaking technology for genome engineering, CRISPR has transformed research and therapeutics. However, hands-on exposure to this technology for educational purposes has remained restricted, primarily due to extensive resources required to execute CRISPR experiments. In this study, we develop an accessible and frugal CRISPR kit, tailored for K-12 education settings. Our CRISPR kit eliminates the need for equipment, prioritizes biosafety, and utilizes cost-effective reagents. By combining CRISPRi gene regulation, chromoproteins, cell-free transcription-translation systems, and smartphone-based quantification, our kit offers a user-friendly approach and a reliable assessment of CRISPR activity, eliminating the need for a traditional laboratory setup. Experiments conducted by high school students in real-world settings highlight the kit's utility for conducting reliable CRISPR experiments. The frugal CRISPR kit provides a modular and expandable platform to offer hands-on experience in genome engineering, and will facilitate equitable and accessible education and technology democratization for communities of diverse socioeconomic and geographic backgrounds.


Cloud computing is an emerging computing paradigm aimed at running services over the internet to provide scalability and flexibility. The advantages in using the cloud for start-up and small businesses that lack infrastructure have been shown to far outweigh the disadvantages. Cloud platform services, also known as Platform as a Service (PaaS), provide a computing platform or solution stack on which software can be developed for later deployment in a cloud. However, there are a number of security challenges because users of the cloud have to rely on third party companies to provide confidentiality, integrity and availability. Geoprocessing is the manipulation of geographic information, ranging from simple feature overlays and geocoding to raster processing and advanced climate modelling. The Open Geospatial Consortium's (OGC) Web Processing Service (WPS) defines a standardized interface that facilitates the publishing of geospatial processes. Parallelization and distribution of geoprocessing services have received much attention lately, including running them in a cloud. However, work on the security aspects of geoprocessing in a cloud is limited. In this paper, we compare three PaaS cloud computing solutions, namely Microsoft Azure, Google App Engine and GroundOS, with a detailed reference to cloud security concerns. An analysis of the security mechanisms and Service Level Agreements (SLA) provided by these PaaS clouds is presented. We then look at the implications of these security issues for geoprocessing services and the OGC's WPS specifically, investigating potential security pitfalls when developing a WPS in a PaaS cloud. Finally, recommendations for future work are presented. * Corresponding author.


Compressed sensing (CS) has been receiving a lot of interest because it provides possibilities to reconstruct signals or images from significantly fewer samples than were traditionally thought necessary. In this paper, we apply this technique to circular SAR (CSAR) and use wavelet transform matrix to improve efficiency and accuracy. The method is demonstrated with simulations. It is well known that all humanly-intelligible signals have a sparse representation in a fixed basis, which is made use of by JPEG2000 to compress data [1]. This raises the question: since most of the data will be discarded, is it possible to acquire it in already compressed form, so that we do not need to throw away anything? "Compressed sensing" shows that this is indeed possible. Circular SAR collects wave-back data in a circular trajectory, and one of its attractions is very high spatial resolution. High resolution demands wider bandwidth and larger size of aperture, meaning that more samples are required to reconstruct image. CSAR's circular aperture is similar to sparse antenna array, and traditional image formulation algorithms are facing the high-sidelobe problem. Recently, there have been several approaches to apply CS technique to Radar [2]-[5]. For the first time, we apply CS technique to CSAR imaging. In this paper, we'll show that CS technique can not only reduce the number of samples beyond the Nyquist theorem [6], achieving perfect reconstruction of the original image, but also solve the high-sidelobe problem in CSAR imaging. In the simulation section, we present two CSAR imaging examples to illustrate the performance of CS technique. In example 1, we compare the back-projection (BP) algorithm and CS algorithm through simulations of two point targets. Target A is positioned right at the pixel, and the location of target B does not match the pixel location. The results shown in Fig. 1 show that BP method suffers from high-sidelobe problem (-10.5db in this example). However, with only 0.7% of the samples, which can be even fewer, CS method is capable of reconstructing targets accurately with much lower sidelobes (-13.2db at the most), and in the case of targets matching the pixel location, there'll be no sidelobe at all. Though CS method may have some loss in amplitude in the case of target B (the reconstructed amplitude of target B is reduced to 0.65), still it's a promising and effective technique for SAR imaging. In example 2, a more complicated image is utilized to illustrate the performance of CS. The results show that: 1. high-sidelobe effect of BP algorithm reduces the quality of the image severely, while CS method does not face this problem. 2. CS technique with wavelet transform performs way much better than the one without wavelet transform, especially in detail solution. 3. When the number of selected samples is not enough for the reconstruction of the whole image, the isolated strong point targets can still be solved perfectly. 4. When white Gaussian measurement noise is added to the collected samples, the image profile is solved well, while the detail of the image is missing in the reconstruction. The preliminary results of applying CS for CSAR imaging are promising. However, there are still issues to be addressed when applying CS to real data and complex scenes. First, the robustness of CS technique needs to be improved, so it can perform better in existence of noise. Second, as the number of pixel increases, the computational burden increases exponentially, so fast algorithm fit for large-scale data needs to be developed. Finally, the effect of the relationship between pixel spacing and the bandwidth of transmitted signal on the quality of reconstruction using CS needs to be further studied. -0.2 -0.1 0 -0.2 -0.15 -0.1 -0.05 0 0.05 -0.2 -0.1 0 -0.2


The Theory of Mind provides a framework for an agent to predict the actions of adversaries by building an abstract model of their strategies using recursive nested beliefs. In this paper, we extend a recently introduced technique for opponent modelling based on Theory of Mind reasoning. Our extended multi-agent Theory of Mind model explicitly considers multiple opponents simultaneously. We introduce a stereotyping mechanism, which segments the agent population into sub-groups of agents with similar behaviour. Sub-group profiles guide decision making. We evaluate our model using a multi-player stochastic game, which presents agents with the challenge of unknown adversaries in a partially-observable environment. Simulation results demonstrate that the model performs well under uncertainty and that stereotyping allows larger groups of agents to be modelled robustly. The findings show that Theory of Mind modelling is useful in many artificial intelligence applications.


Management of heart is nothing new in the world of Islam, but the old stuff with new packaging. Moreover, entering the realm of Sufism, the management of heart a necessity, why? Because of the heart, liver and soul where fleshly giver orders (orders) to all organs of the body to do a job and action. Words of Allah in Surah Ash-Shams verses 7-10 is understood that the heart is synonymous with the word nafs, soul, spiritual, or liver as a potential make manusiua good and evil. Heart or liver become the central point of attention of the Sufis and observers of Islamic psychology. This is because the heart can be contaminated with less reprehensible traits that must be cleaned up and removed and removed from someone who wants to draw closer to Allah. There are several theories in the management of heart that unfolded in this paper, either through referrals words of Allah (His verses), Hadith Muhammad apostles and the theory Salikin (adherents of the congregation).


How does embryo transfer with a low-level of mosaicism affect the success of ART programs, pregnancy, and live birth in comparison with euploid embryo transfer?

 The transfer of mosaic embryos results in the delivery of a healthy baby however significantly decreases the outcome of ART programs and live birth rate.

 Present methods of preimplantation genetic testing of aneuploidy (PGT-A) allow detecting a mixture of euploid and aneuploid cells at the blastocyst stage with high accuracy. Such embryos are classified as mosaics with varying levels according to the guidelines of the International Society for Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGDIS). Numerous sources describe that number of mosaic embryos can vary from 4 to 22%. Several publications report that mosaic embryos can lead to successful pregnancies and healthy childbirth, but with a lower frequency and higher rates of pregnancy loss compared to euploid embryos. Nevertheless, the effect of mosaicism on ART outcomes remains controversial.

 It has been analyzed 2506 embryos from 648 patients undergoing the ART program with PGT-A at the Institute of Reproductive Medicine for 2018 - 2019. Embryos after PGT-A were classified as euploid, aneuploid, and having mosaicism of less than 40% as low level and more than 40% as high level following PGDIS guidelines. Patients of (group A) were transferred 467 single euploid embryos, and 43 patients (group B) underwent single low-level mosaic embryo transfer.

 The embryos on day 5 or 6 were graded by Gardner Scoring System. Approximately 5–10 TE cells were biopsied from good quality blastocysts and subsequently vitrified. PGT-A was performed utilizing an array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) (Agilent). The transfer of mosaic embryos was performed in the absence of an alternative, only after medical genetic counseling with a risk explanation and the subsequent signing of an informed agreement. Statistical tests processed by Pearson's chi-squared test.

 Of all analyzed embryos, the proportion of euploid embryos was 48.6% (n = 1002), the total number of mosaics was 18.6% (n = 384) and aneuploid ones were 32.8% (n = 676). Depending on the level of mosaicism, the ratio between embryos with low-level mosaicism (≤40%) / high-level (≥40%) was 38.3% / 61.7%, respectively. According to the study, there was a significant decrease in the indicator of clinical pregnancy rate after embryo transfer with a low-level of mosaicism of 44.1% versus 63.2% transferred euploid embryo (р<0,01), however, despite an increase losses pregnancy in the group B (26.3%) there was no significant difference (p = 0.16) in comparison with the control group (15.4%). The live birth rate (LBR) significantly decreased (p < 0.001) after the transfer of the mosaic embryo by 32.5%, while in the control group the indicator was 53.9%. In all cases, after the transfer of the mosaic embryo, healthy babies were born. There were 2 cases of high-level mosaic embryo transfer as a result of which pregnancy did not occur. According to the survey, about 70% of patients agree to replant mosaic embryos, 20% are ready to go to the new program, and 10% cannot make a decision.

 The number of patients in group B was significantly lower than in group A. Not enough cases of embryo transfer with a high-level of mosaicism.
 Wider implications of the findings: The current study might help to develop and to select a more appropriate strategy for transfer mosaic embryos. The next series of studies should focus on obstetric and neonatal outcome data from mosaic embryo transfer to gain a better understanding of the chromosomal and physiological health of children.

 Not applicable


This paper is to present a solution on how to improve Quality of Picture on Moving Picture Expert Group (MPEG-4) video Compression over IEEE 802.15.1 wireless transmission using Artificial Intelligence (AI). IEEE 802.15.1 standard is sensitive to noise and interferences due to other 2.4GHz Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) devices. It is consequently, difficult to predict an accurate transmission rate. MPEG-4 video is an object oriented compression system and it is data hungry. But It is almost impossible to transmit MPEG-4 over IEEE 802.15.1 standard without excessive delay, data loss or degrading of the image quality. In this paper, two neural-fuzzy have been applied to control a buffer at the input and the reception end to monitor and manipulate the flow of MPEG-4 video over the IEEE 802.15.1 standard. This method will leave less data for the IEEE 802.15.1 token bucket, as some of the data is processed at the buffer. The results obtained by simulation confirm that the application of Artificial Intelligence improves the transmission rate and the image quality, as compared with a classical video transmission over IEEE 802.15.1 standard.


The Commission on Population and Development, at its thirty-seventh session, requested a report on the contribution of the implementation of the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD), in all its aspects, to the achievement of the internationally agreed development goals, including those contained in the United Nations Millennium Declaration. In response to this request, the Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat organized a Seminar on the Relevance of Population Aspects for the Achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), which was held at United Nations Headquarters in New York from 17 to 19 November 2004. Invited experts and representatives of agencies, funds, programmes and the regional commissions of the United Nations system participated in the Seminar. The present report presents the proceedings of the Seminar. The report is intended to provide input to the forthcoming review of the progress made in the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) at the United Nations Summit in 2005, as well as to the debate on the issue in the Commission on Population and Development. General conclusions There was broad agreement at the Seminar that implementing all the aspects of the Programme of Action of the ICPD and the key actions for its further implementation would make a major contribution to the achievement of the MDGs, as well as to the attainment of other internationally agreed development goals. Because the aim of both the MDGs and the ICPD Programme of Action is to improve human welfare and promote sustainable development, there is a high degree of compatibility and coherence between the two (see table 1). Indeed, some of the goals and objectives included in the ICPD Programme of Action are almost identical to certain MDGs as, for instance, those pertaining to the reduction of child mortality and maternal health or those on increased access to education. In some cases, the measures recommended in the ICPD Programme of Action provide a more comprehensive, explicit and detailed set of guidelines for the achievement of certain goals than those implied by the MDGs, particularly with regard to the promotion of gender equality and the empowerment of women. In addition, key aspects of the ICPD Programme of Action are not part of the MDGs or their associated targets, aspects that have significant bearing on the achievement of the MDGs themselves. Most prominent …


Abstract : Polynuclear hydrocarbons or hydrazine analogues do not have an absolute requirement for binding to DNA in order to elicit a carcinogenic event. Furthermore, PNH like BP enter the nucleus via a lipoprotein complex where the BP is oxygenated and then interacts with the genetic material,(DNA). The adduct formed is 7 beta-BPEDI-dG. Benzamide does not alter the binding of the perceived ultimate carcinogen to dG but eliminates the carcinogenic response. The period of heightened response to the carcinogen appears to be 3 hours into S phase of the cell type. The modifying effect of TPA or Benzamide appears to alter the nuclear non-histone proteins protecting the cellular DNA.


Pure diesel and a blend of diesel and gasoline are employed in the low temperature combustion mode with injection timing as an adjustable parameter.Results show that these two fuels possess a two-stage combustion process.For a given fuel injection timing,two test fuels produce similar start of low temperature heat release,while the start of high temperature heat release of diesel/gasoline blend is later than that of pure diesel fuel.The main combustion phases are linearly correlated,regardless of the fuel types.Diesel/gasoline blend has the potential to improve NOx and PM emissions but leads to increased combustion instability.


This paper incorporates different approaches used to check the performance on detection of single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA). Primarily four different techniques have been compared to study the effect of phase noise on the performance of linear receivers that are often used in practice. It identifies the association of the significant phase noise components with the components of multi-user interference to be the fundamental reason behind the performance gap between interleaved and localized SC-FDMA. Keywords—SC-FDMA, localized FDMA, OFDMA, LTE, PAPR, DFT, MMSE equalizer, IFFT, BICM-aided SC-FDMA, MMSE FD-LE, STSK-MIMO architecture, ISI, SCM system, DFE.


The author starts from the consideration of the equivalent circuit to a three-electrode vacuum tube amptlifier. After pointing out the engineering usefulness of such an equivalent circuit, there is derived the equivalent circuit to a three-electrode vacuum tube modulator. The resulting theory is applied to a practical example in modulator design and its usefulness demonstrated.


This dictionary is designed as an easy reference for everyone who cares about using the English language properly. Combining Edmund Weiner's "Oxford Guide to English Usage" and a compact Oxford dictionary compiled by Joyce Hawkins, it is comprehensive and convenient for regular quick consultation. The reference contains nearly 30,000 words and phrases, and provides a compact guide to contemporary English spelling, pronunciation and meaning.


Various claims have been made for the foliar application of methanol on crop plants. Nonomura and Benson (1992) caused a stir in the plant world by announcing their findings of increased yields in watermelon, cotton, tomato, cabbage, and eggplant through the application of methanol on these crops in western Maricopa County, Arizona. A great deal of interest was shown in this report by both scientists and growers worldwide. Some of the proposed benefits for methanol application are: (1) increased yield, (2) higher sugar in fruit, (3) earlier maturity, (4) reduction in water use, (5) improved uptake of nutrients, and (6) control of whitefly.


For the operational subway tunnel, the manual inspection accounts for the majority in terms of detecting the diseases and damage of tunnel. The accuracy of manual inspection mainly depends on the professional level of the detection personnel, and the whole detection process always is inefficient, which cannot meet the needs of actual tunnels. To address this issue, the intelligent mobile tunnel detection vehicle emerges as the times require. By using advanced technologies such as laser scanning and high-speed camera array, the subway tunnel detection vehicle has achieved the advantages of simple operation, comprehensive function and automatic detection. However, the current subway tunnel detection vehicle mainly realizes the scanning detection of tunnel surface diseases, and the detection of tunnel structural diseases is less involved. Based on the track and tunnel detection requirements, this study analyzes the current situation and existing problems of subway tunnel detection comprehensively, puts forward the development direction of tunnel structure detection, and the application prospect of intelligent detection vehicle in subway tunnel is prospected.


An optical sensor for temperature measurement with much higher reflected light power based on Fresnel reflection and a collimator is presented. The sensor includes only a light source, three couplers, two photodetectors and two sensing ends. One of the sensing ends is designed with a collimator which is covered by solidified epoxy resin with an oil-paper cover, and another is a fiber end with protective cladding. The measurement principle is based on relative Fresnel reflective intensity. Various ambient temperatures are measured in the experiment. The measured data is fitted to linear equation very well. Experiment is implemented by comparing the performances of the fiber-sensor and the collimator-sensor, and the latter shows a much higher reflected light power which means a high signal to noise ratio (SNR) and longer measurement distance may be gained. This is very important and useful for long distance measurement and the situation of many sensors working in parallel mode, which is sensitive to the reflected light power.


The double-Mach reflection (DMR) of oblique shock waves in pseudo-stationary flows has been investigated. The equations of motion of the first and second triple point were formulated, as well as the relative motion between these two triple points. The equation of motion for each triple point consists of 14 nonlinear algebraic equations. An analytical method of solution is presented. Consequently, for the first time a complete analytical solution of a DMR is given. Utilizing this analytical solution a method for predicting the second triple-point trajectory angle is developed. The analytical results are compared with experiments that were performed on the 10 x 18 cm Hypervelocity Shock Tube at the University of Toronto Institute for Aeronautical Studies. Good agreement was obtained.


A design method for GPU-based parallel power flow calculation program is presented.This method is based on the study of the power flow calculation methods and the general-purpose GPU computing algorithm,appropriately simplifies Newton power flow calculation method to adapt to GPU's features of compute-intensive,highly parallel and so on,and appliesthe Compute Unified Device Architecture(CUDA) Development Platform.The simulation results show that this algorithm is feasible and has a high computational efficiency.It provides a viable approach for the trend of power system in parallel computing research.


Pathogenic bacteria have to cope with defence mechanisms mediated by adaptive and innate immunity of the host cells. Cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs) represent one of the most effective components of the host innate immune response. Here we establish the function of Lmo1695, a member of the VirR‐dependent virulence regulon, recently identified in Listeria monocytogenes. Lmo1695 encodes a membrane protein of 98 kDa with strong homology to the multiple peptide resistance factor (MprF) of Staphylococcus aureus. Like staphylococcal MprF, we found that Lmo1695 is involved in the synthesis of the membrane phospholipid lysylphosphatidylglycerol (L‐PG). In addition, Lmo1695 is also essential for lysinylation of diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), another phospholipid widely distributed in bacterial membranes. A Δlmo1695 mutant lacking the lysinylated phospholipids was particularly susceptible to CAMPs of human and bacterial origin. The mutant strain infected both epithelial cells and macrophages only poorly and was attenuated for virulence when tested in a mouse model of infection. Lmo1695 is a member of a growing list of survival factors which enable growth of L. monocytogenes in different environments.


. The presence of @Lambe_Turah gossip account that shares information about the life of celebrities in Indonesia, made Instagram users get the latest information about Indonesian celebrities, or other general information quickly, especially for students from Lambe Turah. This research used qualitative research as the method with a reception analysis approach. The objective of this research is to find out the student receptions, especially in Public Relations students 2016 at Mercu Buana University Jakarta regarding the posting of @Lambe_Turah's Instagram account. This research showed that data obtained through in-depth interviews with ten respondents. The result of the data described through three positions, they are the dominant hegemony of four people, the negotiation position of six people, and no one is in the position of opposition. The result of this research showed that the majority of respondents stayed in a negotiated position.


This paper sought to highlight teachers' attitudes on implementing the Free Basic Education Policy in Kiteto District Council, Tanzania. Data were collected from 169 respondents by using questionnaires and interviews. Data analysis was done by descriptive statistics and content analysis. The findings showed that the teachers generally had positive attitudes towards the implementation of the free basic education policy. In their efforts to implement the policy, the teachers treated the students with passion, listening to students' problems, encouraging students to participate in implementing the policy and motivating students to study hard to attain their goals. Teachers' practices included their participation in school decision-making, communicating with parents to encourage them to side school in implementing the free education policy, preparing the learning environment for the implementation of the policy, monitoring, supervising, and distributing teaching/learning materials to students equitably, and supervising students' academic progress. It was concluded that teachers' attitude is very important in the implementation of any program or policy in the school. It is recommended to the government that all plans, programs, and policies that are related to education need consultation from the teachers so that they can be sustainable and effective.


The invention discloses a fast detection method of leather-hydrolyzed protein L-hydroxyproline, in particular to a fast detection method of leather-hydrolyzed protein L-hydroxyproline illegally added into milk. The fast detection method of the leather-hydrolyzed protein L-hydroxyproline illegally added into the milk is convenient to use, fast, simple and convenient to operate and high in sensitivity and is characterized in that a reagent is added into the milk or a dairy product to be detected and is heated in water bath to conduct precipitation treatment on protein in the milk or the dairy product, and standing is performed for layering; an oxidizing agent and a color developing agent are added into supernatant collected in the step 1, reaction is performed for a period of time, and then a colorimetric method is adopted to determine the L-hydroxyproline so as to obtain related results.


A remote control of a hearing aid is integrated into a case (1) of a wrist watch with wristband (3). A coil antenna (5) of the remote control is designed to generate a field similar to that of a dipole (P) which substantially runs in the direction of the wristband (3). The wrist watch remote control for the hearing aid provides a reliable communication link that is assured for the in-situ hearing aid.


Planning as Satisfiability (SAT) is the best approach for optimally (wrt makespan) solving classical planning problems. SAT-based planners, likeSATPLAN, can thus return plans having minimal makespan guaranteed. However, the returned plan does not take into account plan quality issues introduced in the last two International Planning Competitions (IPCs): such issues include plans which minimize action costs and plans with "soft" goals, where a metric has to be optimized over actions/goals. Recently, an approach to address such issues has been presented, in the framework of planning as satisfiability with preferences: by imposing that one prefers "not to perform" actions, or "to satisfy" soft goals, the related system (calledSATPLAN(P)) is guaranteed to return plans with minimal number of actions, or with maximal number of soft goals satisfied (thus in a qualitative case), and is extended to deal with the quantitative case. But, besides such feature, and the fact that the first computed plan is guaranteed to be "optimal", it is well-known that introducing ordering in SAT heuristics can lead, at least theoretically, to significant degradation in performances: in SATPLAN(P), this phenomenon also happened experimentally on large planning problems with many preferences. In this paper, we present a different, generate-and-test, approach to tackle the problem of dealing with such optimization issues: without imposing any ordering, a (candidate optimal) plan is first generated, and then a constraint is added imposing that the new plan (if any) has to be "better" than the last computed, i.e., the plan quality is increased at each iteration. We implemented this idea in SATPLAN, and compared the resulting systems wrt SATPLAN(P) and SGPLAN on planning problems coming from IPCs. The analysis shows performance benefits for the new approach, in particular on planning problems with many preferences.


The stator flux model is different at high speed and low speed for the direct torque control (DTC), so the structure of DTC system is complex. Aiming at this issue, a new scheme of induction motor drive is proposed. The core idea is controlling the angle between the stator current vector and the rotor flux vector. It doesn't need the stator flux model. The system will obtain quick torque response by this control strategy. This new method can achieve wide speed range including zero speed. Very few parameters require to be adjusted and the system structure is very simple contrast to the conventional DTC system. It is robust to the variations of motor parameters. Simulation results have confirmed the effectiveness of the presented scheme


The human factor and his influence on quality of measuring process in testing laboratories was considering in the article. The analysis of existent normative base and methodology of accreditation of laboratories takking into account the ISO/IEC options was carried out.


To alleviate the vibration problem or to satisfy the required criteria for manifesting the guaranteed performance of precise equipment, various vibration isolation materials or apparatus, such as viscoelastic material, air and coil spring, have been developed and applied. Among them, a wire mesh material is regarded as one of the good candidate for reducing the vibration in terms of moderate material price, easy shape machining and long life cycle without the property deterioration induced by the aging or environmental effects. In this paper, prior to wire mesh isolator design, the static and dynamic elastic modulus of wire mesh materials are extracted from the experiment by the simple shaped cylindrical specimens and their characteristics for applying to vibration isolator design are examined. The simple shaped specimens were made as considering the design parameters of a wire mesh mount; i.e. the density, wire diameter and wire mesh slope, and the sensitivity analysis were also performed from a view point of the extracted elastic modulus.


Based on the features and present situation of organic chemistry experiment education,this article accounts for the necessity of microscale experiment teaching reformation.For the purpose of reducing environmental pollution caused by organic experiments,improving laboratory surroundings and,therefore,realizing green chemistry experiment teaching,it is essential to strengthen the sense of environmental protection,develop microscale experiment projects and improve experiment instruments.The safety and educational effect of microscale experiment are also discussed from the perspective of chemistry education.


The dependence of a linear electro-optic (LEO) coefficient induced into boron-codoped germanosilicate fibre on thermal poling conditions (poling voltage, poling temperature and poling time) has been systematically carried out using a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The LEO coefficient increases as a ∼2.7 power law with the poling voltage; it can be maximally induced into the silica fibre within a temperature range from 250◦C to 300◦C; it exponentially increases with poling time until saturation but after that it then decreases. Possible mechanisms of thermal poling are discussed in the light of the experimental results. key words: optical communication, communication cable and


This paper presents the effect of abundantly available fly ash, on the index properties namely liquid and plastic limit and compaction characteristics of shedi soil. Shedi soil is a problematic soil that lies between top low level laterite and bottom high level laterites in the western coastal area of Karnataka, India. The effect of sodium salts on this shedi soil optimized with Neyveli Fly ash has also been studied. Considerable changes in the index properties and compaction characteristics were observed which are explained based on series of experimental results. Addition of Neyveli fly ash improved the workability of shedi soil considerably. The addition of sodium sulphate to the optimum combination of shedi soil-Neyveli fly ash mixture increases the shear strength of the mixture. The maximum dry density also found increased with the addition of sodium sulphate.


: The adoption of Indonesian children by foreign nationals is a last resort or ultimum remedium in nature. The process of submitting an application and the adoption procedure itself has been clearly regulated in a number of applicable laws and regulations. Writing this scientific paper aims to find out how the process and legal protection of adoption of Indonesian citizens by foreign citizens. The type of research or study used in this scientific paper is normative legal search, namely a legal study by examining literature or secondary materials. The results of this paper are that the international adoption process is generally almost the same as the national adoption, but the requirements and document collection are more numerous, more difficult, and require a lot of time. Referring to several existing legal provisions on child adoption, basically for adopted children originating from Indonesia the government has provided protection and guaranteed a good future. As a last resort, the adoption of Indonesian children by foreign nationals, the prospective adopted child must be in a childcare institution or foundation.


The Mannich reaction of a dialkylamine and formaldehyde with 2-carboxy- butyrolactones leads directly to isolable 2-methylenebutyrolactones. It is suggested that this happens through a concerted decarboxylation-elimination mechanism. 2-Methylene-3- and -4-phenylbutyrolactones and their cysteine addition products, and 3-methylene-2-oxo-cis-2,3,3a,4,5,9b-hexhydronaphtho[1,2-b]furan and its di-methylamine addition product have been prepared. 3-Oxo-2,3,4,4a,6,6-hexahydro-naphtho[l,2-c]pyridazine has also been synthesized.


The Lawyers of Color Sub-Committee was organized to lead the efforts of the Diversity Committee and the Section of Business Law in attracting lawyers of color to the Section and addressing issues of relevance to this constituency. The mission of the Lawyers of the Color Sub-Committee is to (i) actively recruit and develop ways to increase the membership of lawyers of color in the Section, (ii) foster an atmosphere of inclusion for lawyers of color in the Section and (iii) raise awareness of issues of diversity and ensure that the Section is addressing issues of relevance to lawyers of color. In furtherance of its mission, the Lawyers of Color Sub-Committee will produce content and present programs on issues of diversity affecting lawyers of color.


To date, software development for wireless sensor network nodes is still characterized by low-level ad-hoc programming to a large extent. This short-paper argues for a methodologically more systematic approach on the basis of Model-Driven Engineering with CASE-Tool support, in combination with AI-based design choice optimizations during the MDE-steps of model-refinement and information-enrichment. Our work in this project is ongoing.


We report here the significance of the pulsed laser ablation technique in stabilizing strained lattices that do not form by the conventional ceramic method and show that the technique offers unique possibilities to probe the structure property relationship in complicated systems. One of such systems is LuBa2Cu3O7−δ; a systematic investigation of structural (in)stability of its superconducting phase is presented here. Our analysis suggests that the system suffers from internal strain due to lower ionic radius of Lu3+; however, the structure can be stabilized only as oriented films on 〈100〉 LaAlO3, 〈100〉 SrTiO3, and 〈100〉 MgO, with excellent superconducting properties (Jc≊5.0×106 A cm−2 at 77 K). We have also investigated similar compounds having their stability close to their crystallographic limit. The important feature of these metastable phases is that they grow only as oriented films. Free energy of epitaxial growth of strained films are investigated and a simple growth model is proposed based on our o...


Aiming at 35 kV Su-Ning power transmission line with various-point break and bumout accident of 35 kV distribution equipment in Ning-Tiao substation, measures of lightning-shielding are discussed from defending and protection aspects, such as adding zinc oxide arrestor to 35 kV outgoing line cabinet and power transmission tower, increasing TA ratio of 35 kV outgoing line cabinet and guard wire section, fulfilling the management tasks, and consolidating the safety basis. Practice shows that the results are satisfactory. Almost five years of operation practice has shown that the system has operated well.


The tail flue gas waste heat of 2×360m2 sintering machines has been recovered in the newly-built area of Handan Iron Steel Group Co.,Ltd.Two sets of waste heat boiler are configurated.The produced medium pressure steam is incorporated into the medium pressure steam pipe of the original 30 mw sintering waste heat power generation so as to achieve energy recycling,to increase utilization efficiency of the existing sintering waste heat power generation units,and to improve enterprise economic benefits.


We show here that zonula occludens (ZO)-3 acts to sequester cyclin D1 at intercellular tight junctions. This study highlights an important new role for ZO family proteins in regulating epithelial cell proliferation through stabilization of cyclin D1 during mitosis.


This chapter explores the implementation of Consumer Centric Knowledge Management (CCKM) in Zakat institutions. It aims to expand and to clarify its understanding extending the notion how the CCKM approach improves the effectiveness of these institutions to attain the community objectives. Although the implementation of CCKM in businesses around the world is well documented, its value added for Zakat institutions stems from a consensus to alleviate poverty and to reduce the number of poor people. The chapter addresses knowing the poor and needy, organizational learning; poverty intelligence and institutionalization process as the main starting-up components of implementing CCKM in Zakat institutions. The chapter, in this sense, reinforces the importance of the approach in putting poor and needy orientation into practice. DOI: 10.4018/978-1-61350-089-7.ch005


Since 1980, we have clinically applied an apatite porous block used as synthetic bone for the reconstruction of mandibular defects. Of the 27 cases treated with this method so far, in recent three years seven cases underwent bridge substitution after segmental resection in which a titanium mandibular reconstruction plate we developed was used for the apatite block. These seven cases were examined.In a 73-year-old female (M area) examined by autopsy, apatite and bone were completely fussed two years after operation. The histologocal examination of the specimen also revealed fusion of the apatite and bone and new intraporous bone formation in the apatite.In a 35-year-old male (M area) a mandibular reconstruction plate was removed one year and ten months after operation. The reconstructed mandible is functioning normally. Bone scintigraphy (99mTc) was useful for the observation of the postoperative clinical course in these two cases. In conclusion, the results of our case study support the effectiveness of our technique for the reconstruction of mandibular defects with apatite porous block using a pure titanium mandibular reconstruction plate.


This paper presents the results of experimental investigations of natural mineral form from the PbS - Sb2S3 system. Investigated sulfosalt appears in nature in the form of nanowires with diameters ranging from 200 to 500 nm and its length can reach up to 150 mm. In most cases these nanowires are arranged like bundles, which were inspected with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The chemical composition of this material was analyzed and its stoichiometry responded to 'plumosite'. Crystal structure was analyzed using XRD analyses and compared to available literature data. Investigated samples were subjected to thermal analyses and resulting mechanism of oxidation was concluded. Also, kinetic parameters were calculated for the process of oxidation.


The oxidative photocyclization of 4,4-dithienyl substituted pyrimidines provides a convenient access to dithienoquinazolines, including brominated derivatives such as (VI) and (VIII).


The invention discloses a multi-function animal weight-losing running table and a control system thereof. The running table comprises a running machine, a weight-losing support device and a recovery robot. Running training or combination training of running training and electric stimulus is performed on the experimental animal by arranging organic glass and a stimulating electrode on the running machine; and the weight-losing running table training combining running table training and weight-losing support is performed on the experimental animal by arranging the weight-losing support device on the running machine. In the process of weight-losing running table training, the recovery robot can assist hind legs of the experimental animal in doing exercise training, so that a correct or preset training task is provided for a passive training model, the movement locus of the hind legs in the positive training model is recorded and the record is used for quantitatively evaluating the exercising function. The invention also provides a medicinal animal experiment device which is mainly used for walking function recovery of the experimental animal with hurt spinal cord and providing the animal running table training needed by sports medicine.


1. Background In the late 1800s, the crazy Baron Gert Lotz von Wallroth, a wealthy bachelor of impeccable taste, lived on an eight-hectare estate. The townspeople of Wallroth called him "crazy" because of his obsession with cats. In fact, it was rumored he had no less than 500 cats on his estate! The Baron was somewhat of a recluse, and so not much is known about how wealthy he really was, nor exactly how many cats he owned. As the years passed, Baron Lotz became obsessed with what would happen to his wealth after his passing into the next world. Having neither heir, nor relatives (that he much cared for, anyway), and even fewer friends, he decided he would hide his riches from the rest of the world. It is rumored that he constructed a labyrinth on his property in which to hide his gold and other riches. Furthermore, it is said that, shortly before his death, the Baron sealed his cats inside the labyrinth to "protect" his riches. Now, more than 100 years hence, the existence and exact location of the Baron's fabled labyrinth have still not been verified.


The Schiff base ligand [2,3,8,9–tetra -methyl-1,4,5,7,10,12-hexa azo-5,12dihydro -6,11dione 1,3,7,10-dudec-tetra-ene] [H2L] and its complexes with ( Co (II) , Ni (II) and Pd (II) ) was prepared in two steps. In the first a solution of (2,5-Hexandion) in methanol react under reflux with (semicarbazidhydrochlorid) in 1:2 mole ratio to give an intermediate compound [2,5-Hexandion bis (Semicarbazone)] which react in the second step with another mole of ( 2,5-Hexandion) giving the mentioned ligand. The complexes were then synthesized by direct reaction of the corresponding metal chloride with the ligand. The ligand and complexes have been characterized by spectroscopic methods [IR, (UV-Vis), HPLC and (A.A)], chloride content and conductivity measuremenst. The data of these measurements suggest a square planar geometry around Ni (II) and Pd (II) ions and a tetrahedral geometry around Co (II) ion. Introduction During the past two decades, considerable attention has been paid to the chemistry of metal complexes of Schiff bases containing nitrogen and oxygen as donor atoms (1,2) .This may be attributed to their stability, biological activity (3) and potential application in many fields such as oxidation catalysis (4) and electrochemistry (5) . Semi and thiosemicarbazones are widely reported to have biological activity both as free ligands and as metal complexes (6) . On the other hand large number of complexes formed by macrocyclic Schiff bases with transition metals, but the number of macrocyclic complexing reagent as such, is much smaller (7) . The most important results of extensive studies (syntheses, spectral, magnetic, voltametric and structural characteristics and biological activity) of metal complexes with pyredoxal semi, thio, isothiosemicarbazones have been reported (8) . In 2008 bermejo studied Zn II , Cu I and Ag I complexes of some semi and thiosemicarbazones with benzene and pyridin diacetyles (9) . Nature of bonding, stereo chemistry and antimicrobial activiteis of p-vanillin semi and thiosemicarbazone have been studied (10) . Isatin-thiosemicarbazone and its Cu(II) complexe related to the antiviral drug methisazone was prepared and characterized by different spectroscopic techniques (11) . In this research we attend to study a macrocyclic system of semicarbazone and its complexes. Experimental Reagents were purchased from Fluka and Rediel– Dehenge Chemical Co., I.R spectra were recorded as (KBr) disc using a Shimadzu 8400 FTIR spectrophotometer in the range (4000-400) cm -1 . Electronic spectra of the prepared compounds were measured in the region (200-900) nm for 10 -3 M solution in (DMSO) at 25 0 C using a Shimadzu 160 spectrophotometer with 1.000±0.001 cm -1 matched quartz cell. Metal contents of the complexes were determined by atomic absorption (A.A) technique using a Shimadzu A.A 680G atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The chloride contents for complexes was determined by potentiometric titration method on (686-titro processor-665), Dosinat-metrom Swiss. The (HPLC) chromatograms for the complexes were obtained using a Shimadzu 2020 chromatography. Electrical conductivity measurements of the complexes were recorded at 25 0 C for 10 -3 M solutions in (DMSO) as a solvent using a PW 9526 digital conductivity meter. Synthesis of the ligand [H2L] Step(1): Preparation of the intermediate compound [2,5-Hexandion bis-(Semicarbazone)]. A solution of 2,5-Hexandion (0.5g, 4.348mmole) in methanol (5ml) was added to semicarbazidhydrochlorid (0.65g, 8.696mmole) dissolved in methanol (5ml), then(2-4) drops of glacial acetic acid was added


Despite spatial econometrics is now considered a consolidated discipline, only in recent years we have experienced an increasing attention to the possibility of applying it to the field of discrete choices (e.g. Smirnov, 2010 for a recent review) and limited dependent variable models. In particular, only a small number of papers introduced the above-mentioned models in Health Economics. The main purpose of the present paper is to review the different methodological solutions in spatial discrete choice models as they appeared in several applied fields by placing an emphasis on the health economics applications.


The research will be carried out on the art of book binding of the Timurid period and of the school of Herat. The creation of artistically presented manuscript was a long and laborious process which demanded great skill on the part of all those involved; from calligraphers to the binder himself. This research will focus on the techniques of book binding done, aiming on the techniques brought from the different artists of the world in the school of Herat under the sponsorship of Shah Rukh, occupying the worldwide golden age in Herat in the 15 th century with works of art that were far ahead of others in all respects.


Blockchain systems offer a decentralized, immutable and transparent architecture that can give the ownership and control of data back to users, empower trusted and accountable data sharing. However, there still exist different scalability, security and potential privacy issues in blockchain networks, such as on-chain data privacy, data origin authentication, or compliance with privacy regulations (e.g. GDPR). To address these challenges, we propose a privacy-preserving and user-controlled architecture for data sharing based on blockchain system and Ciphertext-Policy Attribute-Based Encryption (CP-ABE), called ThemisABE. The proposed scheme has properties including one-to-many data encrypting and fined-grained access control. In the ThemisABE, any party can be an authority and the algorithm of CP-ABE generates the secret key corresponding to attributes for data user through any chosen set of nodes in blockchain system. Moreover, in order to realize accountability of CP-ABE algorithm and avoid performance bottleneck incurred by smart contracts, a kind of data structure of transactions is designed to record in the ledger, following an approaches to off-chain computations. The results of security analysis and experimental simulation show that the proposed scheme can solves the problems of privacy security and localization of data sharing. At the same time, the data sharing scheme has better performance and could be applied in some scenarios, such as eHealth, eGovernment or cross-border paperless trade.


In the marker-in-cell method combined with staggered finite differences, Lagrangian markers carrying information on material properties are advected with the velocity field interpolated from the staggered Eulerian velocity grid. With existing schemes, velocity interpolation from the grid points to markers violates (to some extent) mass conservation requirement that causes excess convergence/divergence of markers and opening marker gaps after significant amount of advection. This effect is especially well visible in case of diagonal simple shear deformation along planes that are oriented at 45 degrees to the grid and marker circulation through grid corners.

Here, we present a new second order velocity interpolation scheme that guarantees exact interpolation of normal strain rate components from pressure nodes (i.e. from the locations where these components are defined by solving of the mass conservation equation). This new interpolation scheme is thus applicable to both compressible and incompressible flow and is trivially expendable to 3D and to non-regular staggered grids.

Performed tests show that, compared to other velocity interpolation approaches, the new scheme has superior performance in preserving continuity of the marker field during the long-term advection including the diagonal simple shear deformation and marker circulation through grid corners. We showcase a performance-oriented implementation of the new scheme using Julia language's shared memory parallelisation features. The Julia implementation of the new advection schemes further augments the ParallelStencil.jl  related application collection with advection routines.


As a $2.6 billion annual industry, post-harvest fruit and vegetable processing generates a significant fraction of the total revenue of the food manufacturing industry in Ontario. Fruit processing facilities typically require enormous volumes of water for various operations such as growing, cleaning, rinsing, pressing, water conveyance, and so on. Fruit process wastewater is typically characterized as colloidal, with high organics and nutrient concentrations, and therefore require rigorous treatment methods to meet discharge regulations. One of such technique which has proven to be very effective in producing a potable, disinfected and reusable effluent is aerobic membrane bioreactors (aMBR) followed by tertiary reverse-osmosis (RO) filtration. However, persistent challenges plague the operation of these systems when the process water composition changes. The current study focuses on modifying and optimizing MBR conditions, and determining an ideal microbial consortium, to handle varying influent characteristics.


The invention provides a blue light absorption cutoff film and a blue light display device. The blue light absorption cutoff film is formed by a photoresist material. The photoresist material comprises resin, a yellow pigment, a dispersant, and a photoinitiator. Extra blue light in the blue light display device can be effectively absorbed and the phenomenon that the overall display effects are bluish is avoided. The manufacturing method is simple. The blue light display device comprises the above blue light absorption cutoff film, and thus, the extra blue light in the blue light display device can be effectively absorbed and the phenomenon that the overall display effects are bluish is avoided.


Tribolium castaneum is an important insect pest of stored milled rice in Indonesia. The effect of T. castaneum on fungal infection of stored milled rice was investigated together with moisture content and weight loss. Milled rice were placed in glass jars (250 g/jar) and infested with 5, 10, and 20 pairs of T. castaneum. As control, the jars contained only milled rice. Three replications were made for each treatment (including the control). The jars were stored in storage room for 1, 2, and 3 months. Moisture contents (based on wet weight) of milled rice were determined using the oven method. Fungi were isolated and enumerated using dilution plating, followed by pour plate method on Dichloran 18% Glycerol Agar (DG18). Weight loss (based on dry weight) was determined after 3 months of storage.The results


Objective: To understand mycoplasma infection and drug resistance situations of female genital tract of Mangshi.Methods: 932 female cervical secretions samples were analyzed respectively for mycoplasma culture and drug sensitivity. Results:636 mycoplasma cases out of 932 were detected, whose positive rate was 68.2%(636/932). Females with single infection of Ureaplasma urealyticum(Uu)were 447 cases, whose positive rate was 48.0%(447/932). Females with single infection of Mycoplasma hominis(Mh)were 8 cases, whose positive rate was 0.9%(8/932). 82 cases were tested out with Uu and Mh mixed infection, whose positive rate was 19.5%(182/932). Conclusion: Local female genital tract mycoplasma infection rate was higher, which were mainly caused by Uu. The resistant rate of ciprofloxacin and erythromycin were higher, so it was recommended to use josamycin and doxycycline.


The criticism devoted to Elizabeth Barrett Browning's Aurora Leigh (1857) has been an ever-repeated, though ever-revised, focus on the gender politics of this text. Early reviewers were quick to detect, and condemn, its anti-patriarchal stance, as the cases of the Blackwards' conservative review and the Dublin University Review show, and few later critics ceased to see the feminism pervading it, although this gradually came to be applauded rather than deprecated. Despite some dissenting voices, like that of Deirdre David, to whom Mrs Browning appears to have made her art "the servitor of male ideal" (1985: 113), most contemporary authors have seen in Aurora Leigh one of "the first consciously feminist novel[s]" (Armstrong 1993: 389) and elaborately expanded on how Mrs Browning has made her challenge of patriarchy manifest not only through her portrayal of the eponymous heroine but also through consciously adopted generic and narrative strategies and intertextual games. In the discussions of the relevance of formal categories to gender politics in Mrs Browning's poem, one aspect seems to have gone unnoticed: the author's use of laughter. Key texts about the social uses of laughter like Henri Bergson's Le Rire (Laughter) and Mikhail Bakhtin's


In pancreatic cancer management progress has been made in the understanding of the disease on a molecular biological level and modalities for early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer have improved as well as the medical and surgical treatment strategies with curative, adjuvant and palliative aims. Realistic expectations for an earlier and more accurate diagnosis of pancreatic cancer – and thereby better treatment results – are constituted by the development of new blood tests and functional imaging. Adjuvants and neoadjuvants are presumed to be more effective and tolerable already in the near future, making the extended surgery more meaningful. On the same time, minimally invasive local treatments and laparoscopic resections are under development, eventually combined with localized growth factor treatment. One of the most important issue for improved clinical and oncological results is the centralization of complex resective procedures to few surgical centers, not due to the need of surgical skills but for an experienced team treatment approach during the operative and postoperative course. Finally, adjuvant treatment with pancreatic stem cells after curatively intended surgical resections is already on its way.


The particular split-phase traction power system of AC electrified railways (ERs) restricts its regenerative braking energy (RBE) utilization and photovoltaic (PV) penetration. Networked flexible traction substation (FTSS) operation is a promising paradigm to address this restriction. Therefore, this paper proposes a networked FTSS system architecture that ties adjacent FTSSs via unified power flow controllers (UPFC) at sectioning posts (SPs), which matches the technical characteristics of split-phase ERs obtaining the lower capacity requirement. Correspondingly, a real-time hierarchical energy management strategy is designed. The networked FTSS management level optimizes the energy cooperation among FTSSs, i.e., the exchange power at SPs. It aims at maximizing the global RBE and PV energy utilization and shaving the maximum demand of each FTSS. At the individual FTSS management level, each FTSS autonomously regulates the power outputs of the local back-to-back converter and energy storage system to maximize the local RBE and PV energy utilization and improve the local power quality issues. These two energy management levels operate independently with different time scales, making the networked FTSS system have good extensibility and reliability. Finally, the performance of the proposed scheme is verified via hardware-in-the-loop tests.


The topographical nature of the compositional inhomogeneity in Co-17at.%Cr-5at.%Ta/Cr longitudinal thin film media deposited at different substrate temperature Ts, was analyzed using electron spectroscopic imaging. In the CoCrTa film deposited at high Ts, Cr segregates to the grain boundaries and intragrains, resulting in a two-dimensional network. The compositional variation grew as Ts became high. The concentration of the Cr enriched region was in the range 20-30 at.%, and that of the Cr depleted region was in the range 5-10 at.% for the sample Ts=270/spl deg/C. A strain-free CoCrTa(11.


This paper proposes an adaptive modulation algorithm to realize unequal error protection (UEP) transmission in data spread Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) systems.Based on the fact that the original data symbols have the same transmission characteristic,we respectively research an UEP algorithm to maximize the transmission rate with given power restriction aiming at increasing channel capacity,and an UEP algorithm to minimize the transmission power with given rate restriction aiming at satisfying the users' requirements.Both algorithms can guarantee the different transmission qualities and different transmission rates of different priority data,according to the data's requirements.The simulation results indicate that the maximizing rate UEP algorithm can ensure the transmission quality requirements with maximal rate,as well as the minimizing power UEP algorithm can ensure the transmission quality requirements with minimum power.The results of comparison with corresponding traditional OFDM algorithms show that data spread UEP algorithm can reduce algorithm complexity greatly,can decrease the modulation parameters transfer evidently,and can balance between performance and complexity,thus it has better application value.


n value of Al-Mg alloys is not constant with strain, since it increases to a maximum and decreases. The changes of n value and microstructures during tensile deformation suggest as follows. When n value increases with strain, dislocation density increases. When n value is stable with strain, microstructures change little. When n value decreases with strain, the formation and growth of dislocation cell structures occur and cause to dynamic recovery. The stability of n value is more important than the maximum n value to obtain good formability. The alloys having stable n value with wider strain region are considered as materials with better formability.


The present invention discloses a method for making sugar pomelo and jam. Pomelo jam sugar present invention comprises the following component parts by weight: debittered grapefruit juice 45 to 60 parts by weight, non-sugar sweeteners 4 to 15 parts by weight, 0.3 to 0.5 parts by weight of citric acid, vitamin C0.03 to 0.06 parts by weight, 30 to 50 parts by weight of water. The low-sugar jam pomelo sugar content and calories, not fattening, and suitable for diabetics to eat. Production method of the present invention, the ion exchange resin on grapefruit juice for debittering debittering short time, debittering high efficiency, reduced damage to the pulp production time, increase production efficiency, reduce production costs, and production the products retained the color of pomelo fruit, natural flavor and nutrition, good taste.


A need for noise reduction in the HFIR has led to proposals to modify Modes 2 and 3 by adding smoothing capacitors to signal amplifiers and by removing the rate trip to lessen the effects of noise. Since both proposals can slow the safety system response, it must be demonstrated that the modified system still gives satisfactory protection against design basis accidents. Analog simulation was used to determine the effect of the proposed changes on the overall safety system response. In addition, many previously run transient simulations were repeated using up-to-date values for system parameters. Safety system response with the proposed changes was found to give adequate protection against the most challenging combination of mishaps which are even marginally possible.


The precipitation of calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO/sub 4/.2H/sub 2/O) and calcium sulfite hemihydrate (CaSO/sub 3/.1/2H/sub 2/O) from high, up to 240,000 mg/L, total dissolved solids (TDS) solutions was studied at 50/sup 0/C. The solutions were selected to cover a range of solution compositions of magnesium, calcium, sodium, chloride, and sulfate. Precipitation rates along with crystal habit and size changes were measured to determine the effects of these dissolved species as compared to dilute solution conditions. Calcium sulfate dihydrate (gypsum) precipitation rate was accelerated in the high TDS solutions, especially those containing chloride ion. Alternatively, calcium sulfite hemihydrate precipitation rate was found to be faster in high sulfate ion containing solutions. Sodium ion appears to produce gypsum crystals more columnar in habit while solutions containing high amounts of calcium produced very lamellar gypsum crystals. Solutions containing magnesium produced acicular gypsum crystals. Calcium sulfite hemihydrate solids precipitated from solutions containing high sulfate concentrations were rod shaped and globular as compared to the lamellar calcium sulfite hemihydrate crystals precipitated from high chloride and dilute solution liquors. Calcium sulfate-calcium sulfite solid solutions were characterized using infrared spectroscopy. Ion scavenging of Na, Mg, and Cl by gypsum and calcium sulfite solids precipitated from these high more » TDS solutions was also investigated. 10 refs., 21 figs., 13 tabs. « less