Objectives: Manual tractography is time consuming, subjected to intra-/inter-rater's variability, and so it is not suitable for analyzing tract-specific white matter (WM) property of the whole brain tracts. In this study, we proposed a new method to perform tract-specific analysis over the whole brain, named tract-based automatic analysis (TBAA), using a diffusion spectrum imaging (DSI) template and tract atlas. To validate this method, geometric overlap (VO) and functional difference (FD) of manual tractography and TBAA were assessed and compared. Methods: Method of TBAA: The TBAA method requires two important pieces of information, a high quality DSI template and whole brain WM tract atlas. The DSI template was constructed by coregistering 122 healthy participants' DSI datasets (Male: Female = 63:59) in the Montreal Neurobiology Institute (MNI) space using the Large Deformation Diffeomorphic Metric Mapping (LDDMM) method [1]. Whole brain WM tracts were reconstructed on the DSI template by an expert using multiple regions of interest (ROIs) and whole brain seeding [2]. A total of 117 tracts were reconstructed from 60 ROIs defined in the Automatic Anatomical Labeling system. Each reconstructed tract was subdivided into multiple steps with even spacing [3] and the step coordinates along tract bundles were saved as sampling coordinates. The procedures of TBAA method were as follow. 1) Study subjects were coregistered to create a study specific template (SST) using LDDMM. 2) The SST was coregistered to the DSI template. 3) Sampling coordinates were transformed from the DSI template to individual DSI datasets via the transformation matrix between DSI template and SST as well as the matrix between SST and individual DSI. 4) The generalized fractional anisotropy (GFA) values were sampled in the native space using the transformed sampling coordinates and a 2D array of GFA profiles was created for each subject. Validation of TBAA: A SST was created from 54 healthy adults' DSI datasets. Fifteen DSI datasets were randomly chosen from the 54 subjects. On each subject's DSI dataset, an expert performed manual tractography using the same approach as that used to reconstruct 117 tracts in the DSI template. Arcuate fasciculous (AF), cingulum bundle (CB), corticospinal tract (CST), genu, and splenium were reconstructed in the native space of each individual subject. VO and FD between two different tracts were calculated. VO was defined as (Va∩Vb)/( Va∪Vb), where Va and Vb are voxels contained in tract a and tract b, respectively. FD was defined as | t | , where fa(t) and fb(t) are the GFA values in steps (t) of tract a and tract b, respectively. [4]. Figure 1 shows the diagram of the comparisons. VO comparison was performed in the SST space, as shown in the upper panel of figure 1. All the reconstructed tracts including the template tracts and those made in the native space were transformed to SST. FD comparison was performed in the native space, as shown in the lower panel of figure 1. GFA values were sampled in the native space using either transformed sampling coordinates or coordinates of manual tracts. VO and FD were calculated to assess the geometric similarity and functional variability of TBAA method and manual tractography. Results: Figure 2 shows the VO between template tracts and individual tracts (TBAA method, blue) and the VO among individual tracts of 15 subjects (manual method, red). TBAA method showed significantly higher overlap than the manual method in AF, genu, and splenium (p<0.001). Figure 3 shows the FD in GFA values between each two samplings of TBAA method (blue) and the FD in GFA values between each two samplings of manual tracts (red). TBAA method showed significantly lower FD values than the manual method in AF, CB, CST, and splenium (p=0.02, 0.004, 0.001, and 0.041, respectively). Conclusions: In this study, we proposed a whole brain tract-specific analysis using a high quality DSI template, predetermined tracts in the template, and LDDMM coregistration method. Compared to manual approach, TBAA showed higher overlap of tract positions and smaller variability of the sampled GFA values. In conclusion, TBAA overcomes the problem of variability in manual tractography on individual DSI, and is potentially useful in high-throughput tract-specific analysis of the whole brain. References: [1] Hsu, Y. C. et al. (2012). A large deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping solution for diffusion spectrum imaging datasets. Neuroimage. [2] Lo, Y. C. et al. (2011). The loss of asymmetry and reduced interhemispheric connectivity in adolescents with autism: a study using diffusion spectrum imaging tractography. Psychiatry Res. [3] Chiang, W. Y. et al. (2007). Tract-Specific Analysis of Human White Matter: Mean-path Based Method. Proc 16th ISMAR. [4] Gouttard, S. et al. (2012)Measures for validation of DTI tractography. Medical Imaging.


This annotated bibliography lists ERIC documents on customized contract training, including an overview with analyses of one national survey and one Colorado statewide survey, and provides a section on planning, promoting, managing, and evaluating customized education programs and a section on building partnerships between colleges and their communities.


Social structure,a core concept of sociology,is a key to analyze society existence and development,whose change would significantly affect public security development.We chose one of ideas—10 types—about social structure to analyze public security.Social structure fiercely and unreasonably transferring has been an essential cause to every safety accident occurring in contemporary China.We fundamentally propose adjusting safety structure,reaffirming to confirm the base of safety develop- ment—safety construction,pushing forward safety governed-by-law,safety democracy,safety justice.


We combine {\em ab initio} density functional theory (DFT) structural studies with DFT-based nonequilibrium Green function calculations to investigate how the presence of non-hexagonal rings affects electronic transport in graphitic structures. We find that infinite monolayers, finite-width nanoribbons and nanotubes formed of 5-8 haeckelite with only 5- and 8-membered rings are generally more conductive than their graphene-based counterparts. Presence of haeckelite defect lines in the perfect graphitic structure, a model of grain boundaries in CVD-grown graphene, increases the electronic conductivity and renders it highly anisotropic.


At present, the valve-controlled cylinder system is widely used in airborne system. But due to the serious throttle loss at the valve port, the system has large heat output and low efficiency. The pump-controlled system can effectively avoid this problem, which has the advantages of simple circuit and convenient control. However, because the pump-controlled unsymmetrical cylinder technology is not mature, it cannot be widely used in the airborne system. In this paper, a series three windows unsymmetrical valve plate structure was designed to solve the key problem of pump-controlled unsymmetrical cylinder system, the different flow between two chambers of an unsymmetrical cylinder. According to the designed valve plate, a simulation model of pump-controlled unsymmetrical cylinder system was built for simulation analysis. The results showed that the valve plate structure could be used to realize the closed pump-controlled unsymmetrical cylinder system, which simplifies the hydraulic circuit greatly. The study provides a new idea for the realization of pump-controlled unsymmetrical cylinder in airborne system, and it can be used as a guide for the design of serial three windows valve plate.


Abstract We developed predictive habitat models for a bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) population in the Peninsular Ranges of southern California, USA, using 2 Geographic Information System modeling techniques, Ecological Niche Factor Analysis (ENFA) and Genetic Algorithm for Rule-set Production (GARP). We used >16,000 Global Positioning System locations from 34 animals in 5 subpopulations to develop and test ENFA and GARP models, and we then compared these models to each other and to the expert-based model presented in the United States Fish and Wildlife Service's Recovery Plan for this population. Based on a suite of evaluation methods, we found both ENFA and GARP to provide useful predictions of habitat; however, models developed with GARP appeared to have higher predictive power. Habitat delineations resulting from GARP models were similar to the expert-based model, affirming that the expert-based model provided a useful delineation of bighorn sheep habitat in the Peninsular Ranges. In addition, all 3 models identified continuous bighorn sheep habitat from the northern to southern extent of our study area, indicating that the Recovery Plan's recommendation of maintaining habitat connectivity throughout the range is an appropriate goal.


The ability to describe roadway network condition properly is an essential requirement for pavement management. The methodology employed to develop and use condition measures for pavement network characterization as part of a broader effort to develop and implement a pavement management system for the New York State Thruway Authority is presented. The methodology uses a distress index as the criterion for evaluating pavement network condition. Specific intervals of the index scale are mapped to qualitative condition classes through a series of interactions with field engineers. The resulting condition classes are used in a process that relates network condition to needs and facilitates development of the annual and multiyear highway capital improvement and maintenance programs. A distinction between pavement and highway needs is necessary to accommodate Thruway-specific program development and budgeting practices. Two types of network-level analysis are implemented. In the first, the network is characterized using uniform sections based solely on pavement condition, and analysis is limited to short-term pavement needs. In the second, the network is characterized using planning sections, and analysis includes the broader long-term highway needs. It is concluded that pavement condition characterization provides an objective basis for program development but that it must be supplemented by additional highway information. This is because treatment needs for specific projects cannot always be determined solely on the basis of characterized pavement condition.


Coxsackie B3 was cultured from 2 children who presented within two weeks of each other from the Cape Cod, Massachusetts, area showing opsoclonus and myoclonus. The organism was recovered from the cerebrospinal fluid of 1 patient and from the stools of both. Both children had cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis and gradual, spontaneous resolution of their symptoms.


The loss of the Tobruk garrison in June 1942 proved to be one of the worst military disasters suffered by the British Empire during the Second World War. Following the surrender of Singapore earlier that same year it represented something of a nadir in public confidence about how the war was being conducted. At the same time it also threatened the relationship between Britain and one of its Dominion wartime partners, the Union of South Africa. The considerable military force based at Tobruk had been commanded by a young and relatively inexperienced South African general and included an entire South African division. The decision to surrender these forces—over 30,000 men—after a siege lasting less than 48 hours led to allegations of cowardice and treachery. Winston Churchill meanwhile faced a parliamentary vote of confidence in his leadership. He ultimately had few problems restoring his position and proved adept at resisting calls for a public enquiry. With the subsequent victory at the final battle at E1 Alamein the affair quickly receded from the public attention. During the summer of 1942 the possibility had however existed of a serious and damaging rift developing within the Imperial alliance.


The effect of surface friction on flow over mountains in stratified fluids is investigated using a two‐dimensional version of the Naval Research Laboratory's non‐hydrostatic Coupled Ocean/Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS). Without surface friction, flow over a mountain attains a maximum speed at the surface on the lee slope. With surface friction, the flow speed vanishes at the surface and reaches a maximum near the top of the boundary layer (BL). Corresponding to this wind distribution is a shallow layer of very large vertical wind shear beneath the jet maximum and a weaker but deeper sheared layer elsewhere. This strong shear generates maximum turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) at the jet maximum region. Meanwhile, the buoyancy effect associated with the mountain gravity wave inhibits the production of the TKE above the jet maximum region. The combined effects of shear and buoyancy lead to a very shallow BL on the lee slope. In general, surface friction reduces the amplitude of mountain gravity waves. Comparison of the flow fields with the outline of the BL height indicates that flow characteristics correspond closely to the distribution of the BL height. It is hypothesized that the reduction in mountain‐wave amplitude in the presence of surface friction is due to the reduction in the slope of the BL height as compared to the terrain height. For narrower and/or higher mountains, the BL height exhibits a secondary peak on the lee side that further modifies the wave. Simulations using the BL height as a solid mountain without surface friction confirm that characteristics of flow over the mountain are associated with the distribution of BL height rather than the terrain height field. As the non‐dimensional mountain height increases, the magnitude of the effect of surface friction decreases due to decreasing BL depth on the lee side, with the result that the BL height profile becomes closer to the terrain height field.


Beyond the role of public sector as driver of innovation in the economy, for the time being, we witness the necessity of boosting innovation in the public sector itself, in view to improve productivity, efficiency, as well as to enhance the creation of public value. The new concept concerning the capacity for innovation of public administration reflects the synergy between the traditional instruments of administrative innovation (planning, strategy etc.) and the modern ones (ICT, e-governance, knowledge management in public administration). The current paper is accomplishing an empirical analysis through operationalization of a conceptual model on the capacity for innovation of public administration. Thus, the paper analyses e-Governance, ICT and knowledge management in the Romanian Prefect institutions by identification, analysis and evaluation of the factors contributing to the improvement of public service quality, effectiveness, efficiency, transparency and citizen participation, strengthening trust and legality.


Abstract The water transport behavior of epoxy coatings on mild steels in sodium chloride (NaCl) solution was studied using the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique. It was found ...


In a brief paper published in the University Medical Magazine for March, 1889, I called attention to the underlying pathological factor in the etiology of hard cataract , and entered an urgent plea for the treatment of eyes afflicted with advancing opacity of the lens, before the stage of maturity. It was then claimed that by designating these cataracts as "senile" the tendency had been introduced to regard them as one of the unavoidable changes incident to the decline of life, and that by this means attention had been drawn away from other and more important factors in their production. It was shown that the hard and inelastic lens of even advanced life was not necessarily an opaque lens, and that approximately normal acuity of vision was quite compatible with old age. That the opaque lens was therefore an extraordinary occurrence to be explained by other causes than senility. In my


The operating accuracy of metal cutting machine tools is finally based on the accuracy of the relative movement between the work-piece and tool. If this relative movement is, because of any disturbance, inaccurate, an error is directly reproduced on the work-pieces [1]. A lot of experimental work was done to quantify thermal induced errors based on work-pieces. The results are reported in literature and it can be seen that thermal effect in machining can contribute to up to 70% of the overall geometrical inaccuracies of work-pieces [2]. The Finite Difference Element Method (FDEM) is a very effective simulation approach which was especially developed to calculate the transient thermal behaviour of mechanical systems such as machine tools. The FDEM combines the advantages of Finite Difference Method (FDM) and Finite Element Method (FEM). The transient temperature distribution is calculated very efficiently using the FDM. The FDEM uses FEM to obtain thermally induced deformations [3] from a given temperature field. With the advantage, that for a compensation model of a machine tool only the displacements at the TCP (tool centre point) relative to the work-piece coordinate system are important, the linear system of equations of the FEM can be reduced to remaining six nodes to calculate the relative TCP-displacement in the relevant five degrees of freedom. Such a small system of linear equations allows the FDEM to be used for calculation of thermal compensation values in real time. A compensation model of a small three-axis milling machine is given as example, which shows the use of the FDEM for compensating thermally induced TCP-displacements caused by a moving linear axis. It is able to compute the temperature distribution and TCP-displacements in real time. The example compares the calculated TCP-displacements with measurements, thus verifying the quality of the compensation method before the model is installed on the machine tools numerical control.


This paper is concerned with integral citation employed by English students of Politeknik Negeri Bandung in their Final Project Reports (FPR). Thus, the aims of this study were to investigate the most integral citation type used by the students in their FPR. In conducting the study, 18 FPR focusing on analysis produced in 2022 were collected as data source. Applying qualitative method and text analysis, the results reveal several things. First, the students favor integral citation than non-integral citation. Second, verb controlling appears more than naming. In verb controlling citation, lexical verb state is commonly used compared with other lexical verbs.  Whereas in naming, the phrase according to + the cited authors is the mostly used. this study has implication in improving the students' academic skills, especially in doing citation.


The high gap self-propelled sprayer has the characteristics of wide boom width and high working efficiency. Aiming at the problem that the spray boom is prone to mechanical vibration along with the body and affects the spraying effect, the static analysis and modal analysis of the boom suspension of its two-link trapezoidal mechanism are carried out, based on the ANSYS simulation method. The results show that the optimized stress at the end boom suspension connection is reduced from 161MPa to 22MPa, and the maximum displacement is reduced from 35mm to 7mm. The maximum stress of the inner boom suspension was reduced from 128.36MPa to 88.07MPa Stress distribution and displacement conditions achieve the desired effect. The modal analysis results show that the first six natural frequencies of the boom suspension do not coincide. And this frequency reasonably avoids the external excitation frequency range, and avoids unnecessary damage caused by the resonance of the boom suspension in the actual operation of the sprayer.


So that they do not affect the other (他) system that is used by the adjacent transmission, provides an appropriate automatic adjustment of the transmission level of the data transferable protective relay (繼電) unit and the transmission level control method. By the A / D converter 11, the current of the transmission line (4) is blown (取 入) via a CT (5). By the computing unit 12, by using the current data and the current data on the altar (對 向 端) of rosewood (自 端), various operations such as a current differential protection (差動) operation is performed. By a transmission and reception circuit 13, the current data of rosewood is sent to the protective relay device (1) for the altar through (3) of the transmission line. The reception level of the transmission data from the one altar received at transmission and reception circuit 13, it is detected by the reception level detection unit 14. Passed by the transmission level control section 15, on the basis of the difference for altar the received level and received a predetermined level of detection within a predetermined time (t1) after the data transmission established between the protective relay device 1 of the predetermined time (t1) after the transmission level reduction control is carried out.


In this paper, we introduce a new method for calculating fractional integrals and differentials. The method involves an equation that we have obtained from infinite applied integration by parts. The equation works for special class of functions and provides a series representation of integration. This representation will be useful for working with smooth functions and for approximation due to the potential reduction of the value of the sequential elements.


PURPOSE: To enhance the oxidation resistance and mechanical strength of Sn or an Sn alloy without deteriorating the workability by adding a slight amt. of Ga. CONSTITUTION: 0.01W0.45% Ga is added to high purity Sn or a high purity Sn alloy such as Sn-Pb, Sn-Sb or Sn-As. Thus, the tensile strength and oxidation resistance are considerably improved without lowering the elongation before the Ga addn. The resulting alloy does not rupture when used as foil, and it is provided with properties suitable for practical use. COPYRIGHT: (C)1980,JPO&Japio


Speech Delivered by Prof W. O. Ellis, Pro Vice-Chancellor of KNUST at the Orientation Programme for the Institute of Distance Learning's Orientation Students on Saturday, 18th July, 2009 at the Auditorium of the New Central Classroom Block


Using interpretative phenomenological analysis, this study utilised semi-structured interviews with five trans participants in sport to explore their lived experiences of 'inclusive' sport participation. The potential role for sport psychologists in promoting and supporting trans sports participants' overall sense of perceived inclusion and belonging was also considered. Analysis revealed three core themes: the experience of personal acceptance of identity and social inclusion, the 'internal' battle between identity and expression, and the changing role that sport played during gender affirmation as a facilitative and or debilitative coping resource. The findings indicate areas in which sport psychologists can better support and enhance the gender affirmation experience of trans participants in sport by improving feelings of inclusiveness (social support), a sense of acceptance and promoting overall mental wellbeing. This research is particularly useful for practitioners, coaches and other athletes for understanding the supportive role sport can play throughout the gender affirmation process.


. This paper approaches the question of space dimensionality by discussing a neglected argument proposed by Hermann Weyl in 1955. In Why is the World Four-Dimensional? (1955), Weyl offered a different argument from the one generally attributed to him and presented in Raum-Zeit-Materie . In the first sections of the paper, this new argument and its features are spelled-out, and in the last section, I shall develop some useful remarks on the concept of topology of causation that can still inform our reflection on the dimensionality of the world.


Background: Temporomandibular Joint Disorders (TMDs) are considered the most commonchronic orofacial pain conditions. It is characterized by pain in the Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)area, masticatory muscles and associated musculoskeletal structures with the affection of mouthopening. Conventional physiotherapy and Low-Level LASER Therapy (LLLT ) are safe and noninvasivemodalities that each therapist focuses on to relieve pain and increase the quality of life.Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of low-level LASER therapy combinedwith conventional physiotherapy on pain and quality of life in patients with Myofascial paindysfunction syndrome (MPDS).Methods: 60 patients (45 females and 15 males) with MFDS of TMJ were divided randomlyinto study and control groups. The study group received conventional physiotherapy consisting ofactive and stretching exercises for mandibular muscles with ultrasound and LLLT application onTMJ area. Control group received conventional physiotherapy only. Pressure pain threshold wasevaluated using hand-held pressure algometer and quality of life was evaluated using the WorldHealth Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) assessment instrument at baseline and 4weeks after the treatment.Results: There was a significant increase (p<0.05) in the quality of life, with a significantincrease (p<0.05) in pressure pain threshold for TMJ, masseter and anterior temporalis muscles atboth sides in the study group compared with control group.Conclusion: The combination of conventional therapy with LLLT was more effective in painrelief and improvement of the quality of life than the conventional therapy alone for patients withMPDS.


Di血culties appear when we try to draw a de丘nite line dividing the two difFerent periods, Edo and Meiji. People who played a major political role in the early Meiji period were, in fact, people of the Edo period. For example, one of the statesmen, Iwakura Tomomi (1825-1883), whose ideas about education will be considered, spent forty three years of his life in the Edo period while spending only丘fteen years as a Meiji man. From the viewpoint of history of education, people who played an active part in the early days of Meiji were people who bad received their basic education in the Edo period. On the other band, a strong element of discontinuity betw・een Edo and Meiji must be noticed. The Meiji government, in contrast to the Bakufu's non-interfering attitude to education, took up education as one of the most important policy concerns・ This positive attitude of the new government came through the


Angiosarcoma of the breast is a very rare conjunctive tumor. It is a primitive malignant proliferation of the endothelial cells of the vascular tissue of the gland. It occurs in both a primary form without a known precursor, and a secondary form that has been associated to a history of irradiated breast tissue. Both forms have a malignant behavior and a poor prognosis. We report a case of breast angiosarcoma diagnosed by histology and treatment consisting of a mastectomy supplemented by chemotherapy and radiotherapy.


number 1 A comparison of two modifications of the Twin Block appliance in matched Class II samples. N. A. Parkin*, H. F. McKeown and P. J. Sandler (Chesterfield Royal Hospital) The purpose of this study was to compare the skeletal and dental changes contributing to class II correction using two modifications of the Twin Block appliance, i.e. Twin Blocks using a labial bow (TB1) and Twin Blocks incorporating high-pull headgear and torquing spurs on the maxillary central incisors (TB2). A total of 36 consecutively treated patients with the TB1 modification were compared cephalometrically with 27 patients with the TB2 modification. Both samples were treated in the same hospital department and the same technician made all the appliances. Intra-operator error was determined using Altman and Blands' 'Limits of Agreement' method. Pretreatment equivalence was checked using independent t-tests. The results of the skeletal JO September 2002 Features Section BOC Abstracts 233 234 BOC Abstracts Features Section JO September 2002 changes included a statistically significant increase in maxillary restraint in the TB2 sample, the difference between the two groups being a mean of l.5 mm per year measured at A-point. There was a statistically significant greater reduction in the ANB angle (1.8 degrees) with the TB2 sample, primarily due to reduction in the SNA angle (1.3 degrees). The most significant difference between the two groups was control of the lower face height, in the TB2 sample there was no increase in the lower face height to total face height ratio from pre to post treatment. The use of torquing spurs in the TB2 sample resulted in a mean retroclination of 6.9 degrees, this is 4.1 degrees less than in the TB 1 sample. In conclusion, the addition of headgear to the appliance resulted in effective vertical and sagittal control of the maxillary complex thus maximizing the class II skeletal correction in the TB2 sample.


Multivariate Gaussian data is completely characterized by its mean and covariance, yet modern non-Gaussian data makes higher-order statistics such as cumulants inevitable. For univariate data, the third and fourth scalar-valued cumulants are relatively well-studied as skewness and kurtosis. For multivariate data, these cumulants are tensor-valued, higher-order analogs of the covariance matrix capturing higher-order dependence in the data. In addition to their relative obscurity, there are few effective methods for analyzing these cumulant tensors. We propose a technique along the lines of Principal Component Analysis and Independent Component Analysis to analyze multivariate, non-Gaussian data motivated by the multilinear algebraic properties of cumulants. Our method relies on finding principal cumulant components that account for most of the variation in all higher-order cumulants, just as PCA obtains varimax components. An efficient algorithm based on limited-memory quasi-Newton maximization over a Grassmannian, using only standard matrix operations, may be used to find the principal cumulant components. Numerical experiments include forecasting higher portfolio moments and image dimension reduction.


This thesis examines threats and conservation opportunities in the Tropical Andes Hotspot in Amazonas and San Martin regions, Northeastern Peru, using the yellow tailed woolly monkey (Oreonax flavicauda) as a case study. This species and the area suffer sever pressures of varying interests from diverse actors. Although they both rank as global and national conservation priorities, current conservation efforts fail to stop the rapid deterioration of the area or address the species' decline.


The exasperation of the domestic public has placed significant pressure on Greek politicians to put a halt to treating elite corruption with impunity. Unfortunately this has been pressure which they have proved overwhelmingly able to resist, notwithstanding the indictment of a former Minister of Defence in 2012. As a result the blame has fallen elsewhere.


Large industrial factories can actively participate in the energy market. This does not only provide flexibility for the electrical grids, but also may introduce auxiliary options to their primary business models. However, Demand Response stays usually in contradiction with the production goals. Supplementary revenue contracts with the energy suppliers may help here to balance resulting production losses, thereby revealing a necessity for a trade-off. In this sense, we suggest a concept of demand response utilizing model predictive control for optimal adjustment of the production rate. In particular, in our study we consider the production lines of beverage factories as a use-case.


Simpson Bay Lagoon is one of the largest inland lagoons in the Caribbean and provides a range of ecosystem services to the island's residents. During the past decades, it has suffered from extensive development and urbanization, resulting in poor water quality and impaired ecological function. This study investigates a relationship between anthropogenic pressures, water pollution, and public perception and behavior. DPSIR framework was used to conduct an integrated assessment of the issue. Water testing was conducted to assess water quality, and literature review and key informant interviews carried out to investigate pollution sources. Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to map out water pollution and its sources using new and existing data. A household survey of 219 households on the island was used to collect data about environmental awareness and behavior. Choice experiment and contingent valuation were used to determine the monetary value of the lagoon. Results geographically show the extent of water pollution in the lagoon and confirm a relationship between pollution sources and water quality. Densely populated urban areas correspond to the highest levels of pollution. Survey results show a high level of environmental awareness and a low level of environmental behavior. Mean Willingness to Pay (WTP) is $18.16 per month for environmental management and $25.66 per month for water quality improvement. Aggregate WTP is $5,975,580 per year for environmental management and $8,443,464 per year for water quality improvement. Policy recommendations include sewage treatment plant, improvement in and enforcement of environmental regulations, and environmental awareness and education campaigns.


albumin-treated sepsis patients. This was statistically different, but it is doubtful whether this difference was relevant (maximum difference between the two HES-treated sepsis groups = 14 ml/kg [approximately 8%-10% difference]). Thus, it seems likely to us that the beneficial effects of intravascular volume replacement with HES, which were commented on by an editorial in the same issue of Anesthesia 8 Analgesia, were due to different amounts of infusion volume.


To realize NASA's ambition of a solar system wide Internet (starting with the Earth-Moon system's LunaNet) will require optimized communications through limited data bandwidth communication. Our project, DREAMS, focuses on two aspects of optimal communications: routing and link optimization. Routing is the ability, given that links are already optimized and known (to the extent possible), to optimally schedule storage and transmission of data to maximize throughput, i.e., routing chains bundle transmissions together separated by periods of bundle storage. Link optimization is the ability to optimize a link by tuning modulation scheme, transmit power, symbol rate, etc., where optimality is determined by a weighted sum of metrics including Bit Error Rate (BER), throughput, and power consumption. The DREAMS system consists of three primary components: 1) a ML-based RF link optimizer which optimizes each RF link and apprises distributed schedulers of what data bandwidth each link can support; 2) a packet predictor which predicts and apprises distributed schedulers of the volume of future packets expected from specific applications from the daily activity schedule and the expected volume of packets not tied to the schedule; and 3) distributed schedulers, which exchange network status and schedule information with one another to continuously update and re-optimize the transmission and storage schedule.


Projections of the number and size of private households in Germany are presented up to the year 2015. Methodological aspects are also reviewed, and results are analyzed separately for the former East and West Germany. Two alternative projections are discussed.


A novel forward-flyback converter employing two transformers and two switches is presented.The use of two diodes at primary side enables the voltage stress of two switches to be clamped at input voltage,which is lower than that of a conventional forward-flyback converter.The use of two separate transformers offers the advantages as follows:the turns of primary transformer winding is reduced to half of a conventional forward-flyback converter with a single transformer,the use of two separate transformers enables the smaller low-profile cores to be utilized,thereby facilitating a low-profile design.This paper analyzes the conditions that turn ratios of two windings are equal and non-equal.When the turn ratios are not equal,the power distribution between two transformers can be designed easily.Experiment verified the above analysis.


The present invention provides a basal ganglia of Parkinson's disease - thalamic deep brain stimulation FPGA network experimental platform, the platform comprises a test FPGA development board and the host computer connected to each other, wherein the FPGA board is used to implement the basal ganglia - hypothalamic neurons Network deep brain stimulation model and the controller, the PC is used to design PC software interface and communicate with the FPGA board. Advantageous effects of the present invention is used as an animal experiment biological neural network, to achieve a model complex neural network Parkinson lesions FPGA neural network based on experimental high-speed computing platform, and can be achieved in real time scale consistency of biological neurons. Provides a more realistic visualization of neural network research platform abnormal firing patterns of neurons in the hypothalamus network, there are important practical research on the treatment of Parkinson's disease - the platform for the study of the discharge of Parkinson's disease, deep brain stimulation and the basal ganglia control value.


Yin et al. presented a computational study of ion transit pathways through the bacterial chloride channel homologues. Pathways for the permeation of both chloride ions and protons were explored using a new biased Monte Carlo algorithm, TransPath. The potential and radius profiles along the various pathways provide evidence for the origin of ion selectivity. Two possible pathways for access of protons from the extracellular solution to the Glu148 gate were found: one along the edge of the entrance vestibule and one inside the protein but not far from the vestibular path. The Glu148 gate blocks the pore in the closed state. Based on the computed properties for the chloride pathway, the electrostatic potential (due to the protein and the dielectric environment) near the Glu148 residue is large and positive. This implies a large negative shift in the pKa of the glutamate residue. Yet the chloride channels and bacterial homologues exhibit extracellular pH-dependent gating. To examine the possibility of protonation of the glutamate gate, we performed continuum electrostatics calculations for the Glu148 residue with no chloride ions present, with two ions at the Sint and Scen sites, and with a third ion at a proposed binding site Sbs outside of the selectivity filter near Arg147 in the extracellular vestibule. We observed a large negative pKa shift with no chloride ions present, a shift of 0.67 unit with the two ions at Sint and Scen, and a shift of 3.33 units with the third ion present at Sbs. Recently, we found that errors were made in our calculations in the assignment of the dielectric constant in the region around the Glu148 residue, which led to an overestimation of the chloride-induced pKa shift. The membrane dielectric constant m was extended into the extracellular vestibular region. Also, a mesh size of 0.5 Å was used, which is somewhat large for the inhomogeneous environment of the Glu148 residue. This comment reports the corrected results, including testing of the mesh size, and further it examines in detail the dependence of the predicted pKa shift on the protein dielectric constant. The general conclusion doesn't change in that it is highly likely that chloride ions in the filter and possibly nearby in the extracellular vestibule are required to allow for protonation of the Glu148 gate; the predicted magnitude of the chloride-induced shift is less than in our previously published result, however. Continuum electrostatics calculations were performed with the PBEQ module of CHARMM28. The closed bacterial ClC structure 1OTS [3] was studied in the presence of 0, 2, and 3 chloride ions located at the [Sint, Scen] and [Sint, Scen, Sbs] sites, respectively. The Sint and Scen sites are resolved in the X-ray structure, while the Sbs site is not resolved. The Sbs site was chosen over a range of z values along the chloride ion path located by our TransPath algorithm. The linearized Poisson–Boltzmann equation was solved assuming a salt concentration of 0.150 M, a 2.0-Å Stern layer, and a water-probe radius of 1.4 Å for Richard Probes molecular surface. CHARMM 27 parameters were used for atomic radii and atomic charges. The dielectric constant of the solvent was assigned as 80. The dielectric constant for the molecular interior was varied from 4 to 80. Grid focusing with different mesh sizes was studied, and the initial mesh spacing for the whole protein was assigned to be 0.5 Å. The membrane thickness was varied between 23 and 35 Å and the membrane dielectric was assigned as 2. A central cylinder of radius 33 Å and dielectric constant of the solvent was included to exclude the membrane from the vestibular region. Table I reports the dependence of the pKa shift on mesh size for the case with 2 chloride ions located at Sint and Scen. The protein dielectric constant here is taken as 20.0 while the solvent dielectric constant is 80.0. The grid dimensions are 35 Å in excess of the protein in each direction. The thickness of the membrane is 35 Å. The ionic strength is 150 mM. The dependence of the pKa on mesh size is relatively weak, changing by roughly 0.3 over the chosen range. The dependence of the shift on the thickness of the membrane is examined in Table II. The parameters are the same as for the mesh size study described above, and a mesh size of 0.25 Å was chosen. The dependence of the shift on membrane thickness is also not strong, changing


Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence (NRF), which is possible for nuclei with atomic numbers greater than helium (Z=2), occurs when a nuclear level is excited by resonant absorption of a photon and subsequently decays by reemission of a photon. The excited nuclear states can become readily populated, provided the incident photon's energy is within the Doppler-broadened width of the energy level being excited. Utilizing continuous energy photon spectra, as is characteristic of a bremsstrahlung photon beam, as the inspection source, ensures that at least some fraction of the impinging beam will contribute to the population of the excited energy levels in the material of interest. Upon de-excitation, either to the ground state or to a lower-energy excited state, the emitted fluorescence photon's energy will correspond to the energy difference between the excited state and the state to which it decays. As each isotope inherently contains unique nuclear energy levels, the NRF states for each isotope are also unique. By exploiting this phenomenon, NRF photon detection provides a well-defined signature for identifying the presence of individual nuclear species. This report summarizes the second year (Fiscal Year [FY] 2009) of a collaborative research effort between Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho State University's Idaho Accelerator Center,more » and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. This effort focused on continuing to assess and optimize NRF-based detection techniques utilizing a slightly modified, commercially available, pulsed medical electron accelerator.« less


Rationale: Homes and communities are the most important spaces where people live, work, and recreate on a daily basis. They are especially impactful for children, who have limited mobility and rely more on their immediate surroundings. Limited studies have linked housing and community environments with children's independent mobility (CIM), implying potential influences on child development. But recent decades have witnessed a steep decline in CIM, while it is unclear what the specific environmental barriers are and how design can help. Objectives: This systematic review examines the literature about environmental correlates of CIM and discusses its implication for future design. Methods: Based on an online search via multiple databases, this study identified and reviewed 42 articles about environmental correlates of CIM and relevant theories. Study characteristics and findings about the environment—CIM associations were reviewed and summarized to inform the development of a conceptual framework and design suggestions. Results: CIM is related to not only parents' and child's individual factors (e.g., age, gender, and socioeconomic status) but also environmental and social factors. Environmental correlates include community walkability, aesthetics, and safety; home type and location; and community-home relationships. Social factors include neighbourhood deprivation, social cohesion, and parenting social norms. Design suggestions include providing abundant destinations within walking/cycling distance, improving traffic safety, and creating child-friendly spaces for disadvantaged children. Conclusion and Discussion: This study identified environmental correlates of CIM and proposed design suggestions for promoting CIM. Further studies are needed in more countries and should build on a socio-ecological framework addressing multi-level factors.


A new design methodology for an efficient implementation of Adaptive Fuzzy Predictive Control (AFPC) using a Radial Basis Function (RBF) based neural-fuzzy model and Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO) for an experimental hot-rolling mill is proposed in this paper. A predictive model of the process based on RBF is studied. On-line adaptive neural network identification was used to adapt the model parameters. A modified PSO is used at the optimisation process in Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (NMPC) to calculate a sequence of future control actions. The performance of AFPC along with PSO was evaluated via a computing simulation platform under different operating conditions. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme

Robust nonlinear predictive controller design using Partial Swarm Optimisation (PSO): a case study in speed control of an experimental hot-rolling mill (PDF Download Available). Available from: http://www.researchgate.net/publication/263844370_Robust_nonlinear_predictive_controller_design_using_Partial_Swarm_Optimisation_(PSO)_a_case_study_in_speed_control_of_an_experimental_hot-rolling_mill [accessed Sep 22, 2015].


Samples of fresh cattle faeces were taken from 2 grazing paddocks on the North Coast of New South Wales. One paddock was heavily infested with giant Parramatta grass (GPG, Sporobolus indicus var. major) and the other paddock had a medium-light infestation. Fifty-two and 14 viable GPG seeds/kg were recovered from the dung samples collected in May from these paddocks, respectively. Seeds of GPG and giant rat's tail grass (GRTG, S. pyramidalis) were fed to caged Friesian heifers in 2 experiments, and the time taken for all of the seeds to be excreted was measured: 4 days in experiment 1 and 7 days in experiment 2. Consequently, a 7-day withholding period is suggested for cattle grazing pastures infested with giant sporobolus. The number of viable seeds excreted was estimated as a proportion of seeds fed to each heifer using average viability of seeds recovered, concentration of viable seeds collected daily, and daily manure weights. Based on this, the number of seeds ingested by gazing stock was estimated to be 8300 and 2200 seeds/head.day for the paddocks with heavy and medium-light infestation, respectively. Manure collected 2 and 3 days after feeding had the highest concentrations of viable seeds. This manure was placed outdoors in styrofoam boxes and left for 7 months. No GPG seedlings or plants were present in the manure after this time, and further subsampling of the manure indicated that no viable seeds remained. Processes that disperse fresh manure, such as heavy rain or the hosing down of transport vehicles, may allow successful germination and emergence of giant sporobolus seeds. However, where dung pats are left intact for some months, establishment of giant sporobolus plants is unlikely. Adhesion to machinery and the hair of stock are likely to be more important causes of dispersal of giant sporobolus than ingestion by stock.


An experimental investigation is carried out to establish the performance and emission characteristics of a compression ignition engine while using cerium oxide nanoparticles as additive in neat diesel and diesel-biodiesel-ethanol blends. In the first phase of the experiments, stability of neat diesel and diesel-biodiesel-ethanol fuel blends with the addition of cerium oxide nanoparticles are analyzed. After series of experiments, it is found that the blends subjected to high speed blending followed by ultrasonic bath stabilization improves the stability. The phase separation between diesel and ethanol is prevented using vegetable methyl ester (Biodiesel) prepared from the castor oil through transesterification process. In the second phase, performance characteristics are studied using the stable fuel blends in a single cylinder four stroke computerised variable compression ratio engine coupled with an eddy current dynamometer and a data acquisition system. The cerium oxide acts as an oxygen donating catalyst and provides oxygen for the oxidation of CO or absorbs oxygen for the reduction of NOx. The activation energy of cerium oxide acts to burn off carbon deposits within the engine cylinder at the wall temperature and prevents the deposition of non-polar compounds on the cylinder wall results reduction in HC emissions. The tests revealed that cerium oxide nanoparticles can be used as additive in diesel and diesel-biodieselethanol blend to improve complete combustion of the fuel and reduce the exhaust emissions significantly.


The capacitance‐voltage (C‐V) curves and their frequency dependence are measured for ZnO varistors. Within the band picture of ZnO–grain‐boundary–ZnO junctions, the prebreakdown portion of the C‐V curves is calculated self‐consistently to 1%. The strong frequency dependence of the capacitance at higher bias is shown to be consistent with the formation of an inversion layer near the grain boundary.


ABSTRACT The effects of droplet diameter, overall (i.e. liquid and gaseous phases) equivalence ratio, and turbulence intensity on the variation of the Minimum Ignition Energy (MIE) for localized forced ignition of uniformly dispersed mono-sized n-heptane droplet-laden mixtures under homogeneous isotropic decaying turbulence have been analyzed based on Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) data. The MIE was evaluated just for (i) obtaining thermal runway irrespective of the fate of the resulting flame kernel, and (ii) also for a successful self-sustained flame propagation without the assistance of an external energy source following the energy deposition by the ignitor. It has been found that the MIE requirement increases with increasing turbulence intensity and this trend for the MIE increase is especially significant for large values of turbulence intensity. The MIE requirement increases with increasing initial droplet diameter and with decreasing overall equivalence ratio. The MIE requirements for droplet-laden mixtures have been found to be greater than the corresponding value for homogeneous mixture with the same nominal values of initial turbulence intensity and equivalence ratio for the parameter range considered here. This behavior arises due to the deposited energy being partially utilized to supply the latent heat of evaporation and also due to the predominantly fuel-lean composition of the gaseous flammable mixture. This tendency of obtaining fuel-lean mixture strengthens with increasing (decreasing) initial droplet diameter (overall equivalence ratio). It has also been demonstrated that combustion takes place predominantly in the fuel-lean premixed mode although there is a finite probability of having non-premixed combustion in all cases. Moreover, there is a small probability of fuel-rich combustion occurring for small droplets, especially under fuel-rich overall equivalence ratios. The stochastic nature of the ignition event has been demonstrated by considering different realizations of statistically similar turbulent flow fields. The conditions giving rise to a successful thermal runaway/self-sustained flame propagation have been identified by a detailed analysis of the energy budget.


The book entitled Bring Back Justice written by M. Nasir Djamil in 2017. This book explains the writer's personal opinion about justice and law enforcement in Indonesia. Because justice is currently hard to get for the weak people and lack of legal certainty over the rights of the poor people who have been deprived. In addition, this book also discusses about political issues in the State of Indonesia. The related institutions that were discussed in this book such as the KPK, DPR, judges, police and the Indonesian national army.


Research on the electroperturbation effects of ultrashort high field pulses in cancer cells requires subnanosecond rise time, high voltage pulses delivered to low impedance biological loads. Here we present a compact solid-state pulse generator developed for this application. The pulse is generated by switching a chain of avalanche transistors configured as a tapered transmission line from high voltage to ground. The system features a built in 1400:1 capacitively compensated resistive voltage divider. The divider, with a 3 dB point at 910 MHz, overcomes challenges in the direct measurement of the high frequency components of the output pulse. The generator is capable of producing a 0.8 ns rise time, 1.3 ns wide, 1.1 kV pulse into a 50 Omega load at a maximum repetition rate of 200 kHz. Techniques to implement physical layouting strategies to achieve subnanosecond rise times are outlined. Problems faced in integrating the subnanosecond pulse generator with a biological load are discussed. This pulse generator will be used in experiments aimed at electromanipulation of intracellular biomolecular structures.


Introduction and Purpose: The 2019 emergence of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), and associated medical complications of pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome, necessitated the development of safe and effective physical therapy (PT) interventions to treat this new patient population. The acuity of patients with COVID-19 resulted in intensive care unit (ICU)–acquired weakness and deconditioning. The purpose of this case study was to discuss the physical therapy contributions in treating a complex patient with COVID-19 who required venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support. Case Presentation: This case report discusses a patient who was 34 years old with morbid obesity, in her third trimester of pregnancy, who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. The deteriorating respiratory status required the patient to have an emergent caesarean section, intubation, and ventilatory support. Methods: Worsening hypoxic respiratory failure and medical deterioration resulted in the initiation of ECMO. After 18 days, the patient was weaned off ECMO and medically cleared to initiate PT. Physical therapy interventions included positioning for airway clearance, bed mobility, transfer training, strengthening, mechanically assisted gait training, and patient education. Results: After 30 days, the patient was transferred back to the referring community hospital where she was subsequently weaned off oxygen support and discharged directly home. Conclusion: This case study outlines how initiating physical therapy interventions in the ICU in collaboration with other disciplines may have contributed to the functional recovery of a medically complex patient with COVID-19. Further research is recommended regarding early and collaborative interventions in the ICU for medically complex patients with COVID-19.


Phenol is one of the major aromatic pollutants among variety of toxic compounds. Phenol is a man- made as well as a naturally occurring aromatic compound and an important intermediate in the biodegradation of natural and industrial aromatic compounds. To clean up the aromatic contaminated sites a bioremediation method is considered as an economical and safe approach for the environment. In this study, 10 phenol- degrading bacterial strains were isolated from three sites at Midok copper mine in Shahrbabak. These sites include: Magnetit site (WG), Hematit site (WH) and Near Hematit site (NH). Total heterotrophic and phenol degrading bacteria were quantified with most probable number (MPN) and colony forming unit (CFU) methods. The results of this study show that the (WG) site of the mine have the highest phenol degrading bacteria. Totally 10 phenol degrading bacteria were isolated from three sites in Midok copper mine. Then, five bacterial strains were selected according to high growth rate and phenol degradation. Finally two strains named isolates P62 and 69P were selected for analysis of 16S rRNA sequences. Strain P62 belongs to Pseudomonas putidaAHBP62 and strain P69 is related to Arthrobacter scleromaeAHB69P that has capability degradation of 600 (ppm) phenols in 7 days. By using these degradative bacteria in contaminated mine sites the environmental pollution can be managed.


This paper describes the High Bandwidth High Throughput (HBHT) Government Reference Architecture (GRA) effort and utilization of Dependency Structure Matrix (DSM) tools to validate the architecture. This paper is intended to show how the development of GRA compliant modules advances both new and time-tested technologies through establishing a standard for Above 2 GHz SATCOM Terminal modules. The paper will also describe plans to develop and apply tools, products and solutions to validate the GRA.


Evolutionary game theory provides a fresh perspective on the prospects that agents with heterogeneous expectations might eventually come to agree on a single expectation. We establish conditions under which convergence of beliefs could occur, but also show that persistent heterogeneous expectations can arise if those conditions do not hold. The critical element is the degree of curvature in payoff weighting functions agents use to value forecasting performance. We illustrate our results in the context of an asset pricing model where a martingale solution competes with the fundamental solution for agents' attention.


The invention discloses a kind of preparation methods of the fluoro- 2 '-methylurea glycosides of (2 ' R) -2 '-deoxidations -2 ' -, with 2-C- methyl D ribonic acid -1,4- lactone is starting material, and the fluoro- 2 '-methylurea glycosides of (2 ' R) -2 '-deoxidations -2 '-is made through silanization, fluoro, reduction, etherificate, docking, hydrolysis step.The invention has the advantages that route is brief, avoid avoiding generating a large amount of solid waste of such as triphenylphosphine oxide using the hypertoxic harmful substance such as barium chloride;Deprotection reaction is carried out using the acid of catalytic amount; it avoids carrying out de- ester protecting group using a large amount of ammonia methanol; the output of solvent usage amount and trade waste, and the αisomer recoverable of target product are reduced, reduces the generation of solid waste to greatest extent;The route overall yield is high, and the easy polishing purification of intermediate is suitable for scale industrial production.


The invention discloses a packaging structure and a packaging method for a fingerprint identification module. The packaging method comprises the following steps: forming a wire re-arrangement graph on a protection layer; attaching a fingerprint identification chip below the protection layer by a chip inversion technology, wherein the fingerprint identification chip is electrically connected with the wire re-arrangement graph; implanting an electric connection liner into the wire re-arrangement graph; welding a substrate with the electric connection liner to enable the substrate to be electrically connected with the fingerprint identification chip; assembling a metal bracket on the substrate and the protection layer, wherein the metal bracket is electrically connected with the substrate and is provided with a through hole; the through hole corresponds to an induction region of the fingerprint identification chip and is used for exposing part of the protection layer. According to the packaging method, a distance between the contact surface of a fingerprint and the induction region of the fingerprint identification chip is reduced, and the identification efficiency is improved; furthermore, no welding wire is needed; the stress resistance of electric connection of the fingerprint identification module is improved.


Myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury attenuates the beneficial effects of reperfusion therapy. Poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) is overactivated during myocardial I/R injury. Mitophagy plays a critical role in the development of myocardial I/R injury. However, the effect of PARP activation on mitophagy in cardiomyocytes is unknown. In this study, we found that I/R induced PARP activation and mitophagy in mouse hearts. Poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase inhibition reduced the infarct size and suppressed mitophagy after myocardial I/R injury. In vitro, hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) activated PARP, promoted mitophagy and induced cell apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. Poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase inhibition suppressed H/R‐induced mitophagy and cell apoptosis. Parkin knockdown with lentivirus vectors inhibited mitophagy and prevented cell apoptosis in H/R‐treated cells. Poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase inhibition prevented the loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). Cyclosporin A maintained ΔΨm and suppressed mitophagy but FCCP reduced the effect of PARP inhibition on ΔΨm and promoted mitophagy, indicating the critical role of ΔΨm in H/R‐induced mitophagy. Furthermore, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and poly(ADP‐ribosylation) of CypD and TSPO might contribute to the regulation of ΔΨm by PARP. Our findings thus suggest that PARP inhibition protects against I/R‐induced cell apoptosis by suppressing excessive mitophagy via the ΔΨm/Parkin pathway.


There is a problem of incision of rivers. To solve it, it is necessary to obtain and analyze objective information about the processes of incision and related processes of changes in morphology, structure, functioning of the flow-channel system, the young river landscape. The next step in solving the problem is an objective analysis of possible factors of incision. The main factor in the studied objects is the extraction of river alluvium for many decades. It is also important to identify and study the consequences and extent of changes in the young river landscape, to assess its condition. We propose a method of analysis of processes and factors of incision that can be applied to other rivers, it can also be supplemented and developed. It allows to put in perspective the situation and justify the necessary solutions in the process of planning integrated management of the young river landscape as an important component of the river basin system. Significantly anthropogenically altered sections of rivers, their channels and floodplains may occur as a result of incision. They need special public attention to restore the environmental properties of capacity building. This is an integral part of the culture of interaction between society and rivers, which primarily includes objective quality monitoring, availability and quality of all necessary information (its systematicity, system analysis) as a basis for effective decision-making. An important conclusion is the feasibility of monitoring changes in the vertical position of channels and floodplains, as well as changes in alluvial deposits as part of hydromorphological monitoring in general. In particular, conducting GPS surveillance.


ABSTRACT In this article, the spatial spillover effects of nonperforming loans in commercial banks are investigated based on Chinese provinces. Panel data from 31 provinces in China covering the period from 2005 to 2014 are used in this study. First, we employ Moran's I statistic to describe the empirical evidence for the presence of spatial dependencies in provincial nonperforming loans ratio (NPLR) after checking the stationarity of the data by the second-generation panel unit root tests. Then we construct the spatial panel data model through a set of model specification tests, and calculate the direct and indirect effects of the explanatory variables. The empirical results show that the spatial spillover effect plays a significant role in regional nonperforming loans. Furthermore, the growth rate of the gross domestic product and the unemployment rate are two important factors in the transmission of nonperforming loans among the regions.


This study aims at estimating technical, allocative and cost efficiency of shrimp/prawn seed producers of Malaysia and determining costs and return in shrimp/prawn seed production. Data collected from 19 hatcheries (comprising 10 brackishwater shrimp hatcheries and 9 freshwater prawn hatcheries) from the states of Penang, Perak, Terengganu and Selangor were used in the study. Data Envelopment Analysis was applied to estimate efficiency scores of the hatcheries. Besides, cost, return and profitability of hatcheries was examined using farm management procedure. The TECRS (overall technical efficiency) was found to be 0.582 for brackishwater shrimp hatcheries and 0.692 for freshwater prawn hatcheries. Pure technical efficiency (TEVRS) averaged 0.907 for shrimp hatcheries and 0.918 for prawn hatcheries indicating that inefficiencies to the level of 9-10 percent do exist. Allocative efficiency (AE) and cost efficiencies (CE) were 0.78 and 0.70 for brackishwater shrimp hatchery and 0.79 and 0.73 for freshwater prawn hatcheries suggesting that the realized level of spawn/fry could be produced by the hatcheries by spending 21-22 percent less on inputs.


Privacy Preserving Data Mining performs data mining on the private data. Different methods such as anonymization, perturbation and cryptographical approaches have been used for privatizing the data.


This paper describes the development and calibration of a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model of the port of Terneuzen. The model is calibrated using a cost function against a combination of water level, discharge and ADCP data. The calibrated model is used to calculate flow fields for the ship manoeuvring simulator of Flanders Hydraulics Research (FHR). The use of an unstructured grid allows for local grid refinement in the study area.


ALEXANDER DYANAGUNG SAKTHI, The Correlation Between Locus of Control With Teacher's Performance at 14 Vocational High School Jakarta, Essay. Jakarta: Commerce Education Study Program of Education Trade System, Faculty of Economic, State University of Jakarta, May 2016.
The research aims to get the valid data accurately and reliably about how far the relationship between Locus of Control With Teacher's Performance at 14 Vocational High School Jakarta.
This research conducted over five months from November to March. the research method used is survey method with correlation approach. The study population was all teachers at SMK Negeri 14 Jakarta totaled 52 people. The sample collection technique using non-probability sampling is purposive who is Civil Servants Teachers in SMK Negeri 14 Jakarta totaled 28 people.
To gather data variable X (locus of control), shaped instrument used questionnaire which were distributed to teachers at SMK Negeri 14 Jakarta, after it tested the validity of the content through a validation process that is the calculation of correlation coefficient score of grains with a total score and reliability tests with Cronbach alpha formula. As for the variable Y (Teacher Performance) used secondary data Employee Performance Goals SMK Negeri 14 Jakarta. Results of the reliability of the variable X (locus of control) amounted to 0,877.
The data analysis technique begins with finding regression equation is Y = 71.11 + 0,13X. Test requirements analysis is the estimated regression error normality test on X using Liliefors test and obtained Lcount = 0.145 compared with Ltable at the 0.05 significance level of 0.168, the Lo  F table = (4.23), authenticate that the regression is meaning. Product moment correlation coefficient r xy yield of 0.606. Then proceed with the tests of significance coefficients using the t test. The result is t = (3.881), whereas ttable at dk = n - 2 = 28-2 = 26, with a significance level of 0.05 was 1.7 means tcount> ttable.
Calculation of the coefficient of determination produce rxy2 = 0.6062 = 0.3668. It shows that 36.68% variable locus of control is determined by the performance. It is concluded that there is a positive relationship between the locus of control of the performance of teachers at SMK Negeri 14 Jakarta.


ABSTRACT The output tracking control problem is considered for a class of uncertain strict-feedback nonlinear systems with time-varying delays. In the paper, the time-varying delays are assumed to be any non-negative continuous and bounded functions, and it is not necessary for their derivatives to be less than one. It is also assumed that the upper bounds of nonlinear delayed state perturbations and external disturbances are unknown. On the basis of backstepping algorithm, a novel design method is proposed by which some simple adaptive robust output tracking control schemes are synthesised. The proposed design method can avoid the repeated differentiation problem which appears in using the conventional backstepping algorithm, and need not know all the nonlinear upper bound functions of uncertainties, which are repeatedly employed at each step of the backstepping algorithm. In particular, it is not necessary to know any information on the time-varying delays to construct our simple output tracking control schemes. It is also shown that the tracking error can converge uniformly exponentially towards a neighbourhood of the origin. Finally, a numerical example and its simulations are provided to demonstrate the design procedure of the simple method proposed in the paper.


The aim of the research was to determine the influence of preventive intrauterine application of ozone spray preparation on shortening days open in Simmental cows. The research was conducted on 120 Simmental cows aged 2-7 years divided in two groups. The first group consisted of cows (n=60) treated with ozone foam spray (RIGER SPRAY®, Novagen, Italy) application in the body of uterus for 5-7 seconds. The second group of cows (n=60) was the control group. Cows from the first group were observed and treated during early puerperium, 48 hours after parturition. Average milk production (measured in 305 days of lactation), in the first group (treated with Riger spray) was 6845 kg and control group of cows was 6763 kg. Average number of parturition in I group was 2.65 and 2.78 in control group. Average days open in the group I were 118.20 while in control group of cows were longer (p<0, 05) 131.11 days. All services conception rate was lower (p<0.05) in group treated with ozone (1.78) than in control group (2.13). Cows treated with Riger spray became pregnant earlier and had better CR. A conclusion may be made that preventive intrauterine application of ozone (spray), improved the reproductive efficacy in dairy cows.


Rules of origin are a complex set of dynamic and interrelated criteria and principles according to which a country of origin is assigned to a traded product. According to Article 9.2(a) in the Agreement on Rules of Origin of the WTO, the Harmonization Negotiations is to be completed within three years of initiation. However, The deadline for negotiations have been postponed eight times as the positions of the countries concerned are different. The status of the Harmonization Negotiations include Architecture and General Rules, Definitions of goods that are wholly obtained in one country and product-specific rules for particular products sectors such as agriculture, mineral products, chemicals, leather, wood and paper, textiles, footwear, ceramics, precious stones, steel, metal, machinery, electronics, transportation equipment, scientific equipment, clocks and watches, musical instruments, etc. Of course the result can not be estimated by now, but if some developed countries, especially U.S.A agrees to finalize the negotiations, the outcome will be a single set of rules of origin to be applied under non-preferential trading conditions by all WTO members in all circumstances.


The invention relates to a method for carrying out methylate to sulfydryl-contained pyrimidine heterocyclic compounds by methyl carbonate, which comprises the steps: (1) the sulfydryl-contained pyrimidine heterocyclic compounds and the methyl carbonate are mixed according to the mol ratio of 1:10 to 20, and added with catalyst, the dosage of which is 3 to 80 percent of the gross weight of the reactants, and then added with alkali, the mol ratio of which to the sulfydryl-contained pyrimidine heterocyclic compounds is 1 to 2:1, then the mixture is stirred and the temperature is raised to 50 to 130 DEG C for reaction for 0.5 to 15 hours, and TLC or HPLC is used for monitoring; and (2) after the reaction is finished, the temperature is reduced to room temperature, 20 to 50ml of water is added, and the mixture is stirred for 0.5 hour and rested for delamination, the organic phases are separated out while the aqueous phase is extracted by using 10 to 30ml of methyl tert-butyl ether or aether, then the organic phases are combined, washed by 20 to 50ml of water for two times, dried by anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated by pressure reduction, and the solvent is recycled, thus obtaining the final product. The preparation method has the advantages of simple and safe operation, easy solvent recovery, high product yield, environmental protection and being suitable for industrial production.


The invention relates to a method for adjusting the contrast of a projector in real time and a projector. The method comprises the following steps: the current brightness of ambient light is detected by an ambient light brightness detector; the current brightness of ambient light is multiplied by a reference contrast to obtain the brightness required by a projector; driving signals of different waveforms stored in a lamp lighter are called to control light emission of a light source of the projector; the brightness of a picture projected by the projector is detected by a projector brightness detector in real time until the detected brightness reaches the brightness required by the projector; and adjustment is completed, and the driving signal of the currently-selected waveform is used as a driving signal of adjustment completion so as to stop calling of the driving signals. The invention further relates to a projector. The brightness of ambient light and the brightness of the picture projected by the projector are acquired at the same time for real-time contrast adjustment, a good display effect can be achieved, and the human eyes can feel more comfortable. No negative impact is caused to the service life of the light source of the projector when the brightness is increased.


This study investigated how 4- to 7-year-old children's second-order belief attribution might be facilitated by either reducing information processing or varying the sequence of task questions. In Experiment 1, compared with Perner and Wimmer's (1985) original second-order false-belief task, a new task with reduced information-processing demands promoted better second-order reasoning. In Experiment 2, half the stories included a second-order ignorance question before a second-order belief question. The ignorance question promoted second-order belief understanding, superseding the improvement induced by lowered processing demands. Together, the findings suggest that second-order belief performance can be facilitated if children focus on the concept of ignorance during the sequence of questioning.


The article reflects the manifestation of the crisis in the cultural life of the Soviet youth in the post-war period. The conclusion is that the state liberalized cultural life of Soviet society in general and youth in particular only for a short time during the Khrushchev «thaw». The state regained its position in the organization of youth cultural policy by the end of 60 years of the XX century and lost its monopoly on demonstration of culture samples in this period.


The languages teachers use in class will have corresponding effects on students and may play an important role in their lives.This paper made a deta iled analysis of it.


As chain business in China is developing very rapidly in recent years, the demand for chain operation management talent is growing fast, so chain operation and management courses are opened in colleges. But the professional talents training mode is still on the groping stage. Based on the analysis of the current situation of chain operation and management specialty, the "4-stage Integration" talent training plan is proposed based on working and learning alternation. The stages are basic theory learning, professional skill training, theory improvement and expansion and graduation practice. It is market oriented and integrates professional basic courses with professional courses, theory with practice, giving priority to practice. This article analyzes the segmented teaching system and presents relevant suggestions.


Several new glycols containing both imide and sulfone groups, sulfonyl bisimide glycol (SBIG), were prepared from primary aromatic diamine, trimellitic anhydride and excess low molecular glycols. Then these SBIGs were used as chain extender to prepare a series of thermoplastic poly(imide-urethane) (PIU), which intro- duced imide rings into the backbones. Compared to conventional linear polyurethane (PU), these PIUs exhibited better thermal stabilities because of the presence of the sulfone and built-in imide groups. V C 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 4469-4477, 2005


Abstrct:Researcied one type of the functional differential equations of second order,the theorem of bounded quality of oscillation solutions is give.


Rule based intrusion detection system is the mainstream of intrusion detection systems. For every incoming network packet, a scheme of creating a single rule set for pattern match was discussed. This scheme could reduce the work of pattern match, and improve the efficiency of system.


Density functional theory and ab initio quantum mechanical calculations elucidated the ring-opening reactions of 1-bromo-1-lithiosilirane (3) and 2-bromo-2-lithiosilirane (4) to 2-silallene (6) and 1-silaallene (7), respectively. The ring-opening of 3 to 6 can proceed in a stepwise fashion with the intermediacy of a free silacyclopropylidene (9). Here, a high-energy barrier needs to be overcome in order to open the silacyclopropylidene ring and to generate 6. On the contrary, the ring-opening of 4 to 7 can occur in a concerted fashion.


TWO forms of native 40 S ribosomal subunits, distinguishable by their buoyant densities, are recovered from Ehrlich ascites cells. In this communication, we describe experiments designed to test whether Met-tRNAI is associated with either form. Our results indicate that (a) in the cell, Met-tRNA, is bound to the native 40 S subunit, and in particular, to the subunit of density 1.40 g x cmmS; (b) under the growth conditions used, less than 10% of the low density native subunits have bound Met-tRNA,; (c) the majority of the Met-tRNA, containing native 40 S subunits, isolated from sucrose gradient analyses of cell extracts, join with 60 S subunits in vitro to form 80 S monosomes only if additional ribosomal wash factors are provided; and (d) the 80 S monosomes so formed are completed initiation complexes that can form peptide bonds. These results support the hypothesis that various forms of the native 40 S subunit represent different stages in the formation of a complete initiation complex.


Abstract Objective. The current study screened major depression in people with epilepsy (PWE) during the epidemic of the novel coronavirus‐related disease COVID‐19, in order to identify whether the outbreak generated negative psychological impact on PWE. Methods. A Chinese version of the Neurological Disorders Depression Inventory for Epilepsy (C‐NDDI‐E), a self‐reporting depression inventory, was applied for rapid detection of major depression. Assessment was carried out online during three different periods (prior to, during, and after the outbreak of COVID‐19), with the aim of identifying changes in prevalence of depression and associated risk factors. Results. A total of 158 PWE were recruited into the study (48.7% female). The questionnaire completion rates were 94.3% and 70.9% during and after the outbreak, respectively. The prevalence of depression prior to the epidemic, as the baseline, was 34.8% and increased to 42.3% during the period of the epidemic. Towards the end of the outbreak, the prevalence declined towards the baseline (36.6%). Factors such as living alone (OR = 4.022, 95% CI: 1.158‐13.971, P = 0.028) and active seizures before the epidemic (OR = 2.993, 95% CI: 1.197‐7.486, P = 0.019) were associated with depression during the epidemic. Monotherapy appeared to be protective against depression (OR = 0. 105, 95% CI: 0.047‐0.235, P <0.001). Significance. Our results suggest that the pandemic exerts negative influence on PWE's mental health. Depression is one of the common psychological disorders that needs greater attention during this extraordinary period.


Abstract One key aspect of Apple's supply chain is its use of multiple suppliers for the same component. Reviews on this aspect of Apple's supply chain strategy to examine the role that boards and directors can play in enhancing supply chain management and organisational performance that are prioritized in the electronic business competition. Increasing new smartphone vendors and creating smartphone products with advantages over other brands will cause consumers to recognize products according to their needs. This study aims to analyse the power of electronic word–of-mouth (eWOM) on supply chain procedure for trust and its impact on buying the interest of iPhone smartphones among customers. This research used the descriptive method and PLS path analysis. The population in this research was all consumers who are in the Bandung Electronic Center (BEC) with samples collection using an iteration formula. The study samples were 116 respondents. The results of this study explain that eWOM affects the supply chain and brand trust by 16.9% and 11.4% and the rest is influenced by other variables not examined in this study.


A simple and efficient procedure for the synthesis of three new series of chalcogen liquid crystals, based on selenides and diselenides, containing cholesterol in their structure, is described. Thermal and liquid crystalline properties were investigated by POM, DSC, TGA and XRD scattering. Six of the nine molecules synthesized showed liquid crystal properties, with smectic mesomorphism. All the compounds presented good thermal stability. The smectic mesomorphism was confirmed through XRD analysis. The morphology of the surface of the films was investigated by using atomic force microscopy (AFM). All prepared diselenides showed good glutathione peroxidase like activity and one of the diselenides was 3.3 times more active than the standard Ebselen.


In 1981, Rao et al. reported that urinary 6-hydroxymethylpterin (6-HMP), which is increased in patients with malignant tumors is useful as a tumor marker. In this study, we developed a new technique to measure urinary 6-HMP concentrations by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Basic studies of 6-HMP were carried out in 32 patients with malignant tumors of the oral and maxillofacial region and 76 healthy volunteers to evaluate the usefulness of this marker. The results were as follows:1) The coefficient of variance (%) for reproducibility was 4.4% and 6.7%. The assay method was confirmed to have good reproducibility.2) Time-and temperature-related changes in urinary 6-HMP concentrations were investigated, and there were no changes for up to 24 hrs.3) In the daily profile of urinary 6-HMP concentrations, there were minimal changes, which did not influence the significance of measurement. It is therefore possible to use urine samples taken as needed.4) In a study of 76 samples of healthy human urine, the normal cutoff value for 6-HMP was 0.370μg/ml. There was no difference with respect to age or sex.5) In 32 cases of oral and maxillofacial malignant tumors, the mean and standard deviation was 0.669±0.370μg/ml.Our results indicate that the measurement of urinary 6 -HMP may be useful in the diagnosis of malignant tumors arising in the oral and maxillofacial region.


This paper attempts to address the connections among the nature of news, insider ownership, stock price, and stock returns from the aspect of factors in financial theories that influence investors' mentality. The empirical studies show that stock price could mislead investors' behavior and enhance the impact of the nature of news on stock returns. Besides, the higher stock price is, the less impact analyst forecast revision would create. This research assumes that investors tend to be over-confident and overestimate their ability to invest when stock price is buoyant, thus ignoring analyst forecast revision. Instead, when stock price declines, the impact of analyst forecast revision would become more significant. The higher percentage insider ownerships account for, the less impact the nature of news would create. This study assumes that investors would have the stereotyped impression that when insiders maintain high ownership, they would share the same related interests with other investors or insiders have more access to corporate inside information. Investors with such stereotyped impression would determine future stock returns by means of percentage of insider ownership rather than totally rely on analyst forecast revision. Thus, even though there is negative news spreading around, higher insider ownership could still reassure investors and make less significant difference between investors' reactions towards positive news and negative news.


Objective:To determine the physiologic function of stratum corneum of skin lesion in cured leprosy patients. Methods:Multifunctional skin physiology apparatus was used to measure the recovery rates of the hydration,pH value,transepidermal water loss and barrier function of stratum corneum of previous skin lesion on the forearms of the patients. Results:In comparison with that in normal subjects,the stratum corneum hydration was significantly lower in cured leprosy patients(P 0.002),especially in lepromatous patients. The pH value of skin surface in cured leprosy patients was significantly higher than that in normal subjects(P 0.000 1),but the change of it in borderline tuberculoid type patients was not statistically significant. Basal permeability barrier function in cured leprosy patients,especially in borderline lepromatous type,was superior to normal subjects(P 0.000 3). There was no difference in barrier recovery rates between normal and cured leprosy subjects. Conclusion:Cured leprosy patients do have disfunction of stratum corneum.


Findings from a large, federally funded, multi-year study of adult participants in nine hours of marriage and relationship skills training are presented in this brief report. The study found statistically significant improvements in consensus, satisfaction, affectional expression, and cohesion for both "distressed" and non-distressed participants completing the PAIRS Essentials (PAIRS Foundation, 2008) curriculum as measured by the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (Spanier, 1976). Improvements either increased or were sustained six and 12 months later. Mean DAS total scores for participants who measured in the distressed range prior to training were nearly 25 points higher 12 months later.


In this study, an efficient method for the synthesis of 2-Aryl Benzimidazole derivatives has been developed. The synthesis was performed by condensation aromatic benzaldehydes and 1.2 phenylenediamin using [bmim][FeCl4]/MCM-41 as a heterogeneous catalyst under reflux conditions and at 60 C. The advantages of this method are easy work-up procedure, clean and neutral reaction conditions. The separation and reuse of the catalyst were simple and could be reused without a significant loss of catalytic activity. Moreover, the products were achieved in good yields (70-83%).


The semi-regular variable star Betelgeuse is undergoing an historical minimum of its brightness. An 8 year series of visual and V-band CCD observations started at the end of 2011 is presented and discussed. Visual methods for comparing magnitudes of angularly distant stars, and performing a differential photometry, needed for such a bright star, are also presented.


The invention relates to an improved microcomputer monitoring transfusion measuring and reporting device comprising two parts, i.e. electronic transfusion devices and a computer monitoring and reporting instrument, wherein the electronic transfusion devices are placed in a sickroom and clamped on transfusion tubes and transmit high-frequency signals; the computer monitoring and reporting instrument is placed in an office of medical workers and receives and processes the high-frequency signals; each electronic transfusion device comprises a box body with a clamp and an electronic circuit inside the box body and is clamped on the transfusion tube through the clamp positioned on the box body; the clamp is internally provided with a liquid level induction piece which consists of two metal pieces and forms the electronic part of the electronic transfusion device with the electronic circuit inside the box body together; the electronic part of the electronic transfusion device comprises an electro-hydraulic converting circuit, a detection time regulating circuit, a communication time regulating circuit, a battery voltage detection circuit, a ward area sickbed digital coding modulation circuit, a high-frequency transmitting circuit, and the like; and the computer monitoring and reporting instrument comprises a signal receiving circuit, a decoding circuit, a microcomputer system, a sickbed number digital display circuit, a voice reporting circuit, and the like. The electronic transfusion devices with different shapes and made of different materials implement the functions of monitoring the whole process of transfusion and transmitting information to the medical workers in three ways of bed number digital display, loudspeaker voice prompt and a voice content indicating lamp. The invention has extensive adaptability and strong function.


A defence is offered of a version of the branch-counting rule in the Everett interpretation (otherwise known as many worlds interpretation) of quantum mechanics that both depends on the state and is continuous in the norm topology on Hilbert space. The well-known branch-counting rule, for realistic models of measurements, in which branches are defined by decoherence theory, fails this test. The new rule hinges on the use of decoherence theory in defining branching structure, and specifically decoherent histories theory. On this basis ratios of branch numbers are defined, free of any convention. They agree with the Born rule and deliver a notion of objective probability similar to naive frequentism, save that the frequencies of outcomes are not confined to a single world at different times, but spread over worlds at a single time. Nor is it ad hoc: it is recognizably akin to the combinatorial approach to thermodynamic probability, as introduced by Boltzmann in 1879. It is identical to the procedure followed by Planck, Bose, Einstein and Dirac in defining the equilibrium distribution of the Bose–Einstein gas. It also connects in a simple way with the decision-theory approach to quantum probability.


Data acquisition system translates and processes graphical information recorded on high speed photographic film. It automatically scans the film and stores the information with a minimal use of the computer memory.


Prediction of the aerodynamic stability of rotor blades at the last stage of steam turbines is of great importance and widely studied. Considering the large span and low natural frequency of these blades, flow at the tip region has a remarkable effect on blade flutter characteristics. However, the transonic tip-clearance flow in these blades has a complex structure of vortices. To obtain a deep understanding of the transonic tip-clearance flow structure in steam turbines, the Detached-Eddy Simulation (DES) is applied in this paper. DES is a hybrid LES/RANS method that activates LES in specified flow regions and applies URANS in other regions of the flow field. As far as we are aware, the tip-clearance flow structure of real-scale last stage steam turbine by high-fidelity numerical method had not been much analyzed in open literature. In this paper, the transonic tip-clearance flow structure in modern last stage of steam turbines is analyzed by both URANS and DES approaches. The open steam turbine model designed by Durham University is chosen as the research model. The flow solver applied is the commercial software ANSYS CFX. From the DES result, the tip leakage vortex and the induced vortices are presented. Based on the comparison between tip-clearance flow structure captured by the two approaches, the URANS method is not able to resolve all induced vortices. Therefore, the distribution of aerodynamic loading on the blade surface is different between URANS and DES results. The present study serves as a basis for investigating the influence of the tip-clearance flow structure on blade aeroelasticity.


Caricature journals in the interwar period had a special genre niche, giving the masses, through funny cartoons, a simplified understanding of internal and external political processes. Zyz and Komar were the largest Ukrainian satirical humor journals in interwar Galicia. They mainly covered the internal political life in the Second Polish Republic and international relationships. These journals are primarily intended for people from the countryside, and the editors and owners of these journals used anti-Semitism for the political mobilization of the rural population. I use elements of Serge Moscovici's theory of social representations to track these processes.

A key aspect here is how the image of the Rudnytskyi family was shaped on the pages of these journals. The family was of mixed Ukrainian-Jewish origins, and its members became prominent figures in various spheres of Ukrainian social and political life in interwar Galician Ukrainian society (in politics, literature, music, and the women's movement). The behavior of the Rudnytskyi family was explained to the readers through their Jewish origins. Zyz and Komar both created an image of the Rudnytskyis as an integral Jewish group occupying different spheres of Ukrainian life. The study of visual caricature images thus enables us to explore the channels of the formation and spread of anti-Semitic images of Jews and the use of the image of "the Jew" in the Galician Ukrainian society in interwar Poland.


Timing aspects are important for the correctness of safety-critical systems. It is crucial that these aspects are carefully analysed in designing such systems. UPPAAL is a tool designed to automate ...


The article highlights the questions related to the features of osteoporosis systemic symptoms in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Osteoporosis and COPD are closely connected by pathogenesis, that is why it is necessary to take into account the severity of chronic systemic inflammation and system complications, the duration of the disease, patient's clinical group, the action of harmful factors that influence on an origin and course of disease (smoking index), doses of inhalational or systemic corticosteroids taken by a patient which can also influence the development of osteoporosis. Therefore examinations that characterize the bronchial obstruction extent and authenticity of osteoporosis development should be used in diagnostics of osteoporosis in patients with COPD .


Zoarium always unilaminate, nearly always adherent. Zoœcia broad, length ·65–·8 mm., breadth ·45–·55 mm., aperture primarily semicircular but tending to quadrangular by thickening of the upper lip, and with a semicircular collar, the two ends of which are expanded into large perforated spine bases: the arched front wall springs from the inside of the side walls and is pierced along its edge by a row of large pores, and at a short distance inside this row by a row of smaller pores in fairly close correspondence with the outer row; the centre of the front wall is pierced by a very variable number of fine pores, which sometimes give clear indications of a third row corresponding to the two outer ones; the zoœcia always have common side walls of considerable width; in immature stages (Fig. 1) the front walls rise high above the side walls, and small beak-shaped avicularia are scattered irregularly between them; in a further stage of development (Fig. 2) the side walls are greatly thickened and raised above the front walls, absorbing the avicularia, and the perforated spine bases at the corners of the aperture grow inwards until they meet, and are fused into a stout bar across the aperture, so qualifying the species for admission to the Steginoporidæ; in the stage of maximum development (Fig. 3) the bar develops a stout denticle in the middle of the lower edge.