It does not often happen that a language form created by conscious deliberation and planning wins the warm support and widespread acceptance which has fallen to the lot of New Norse, the creation of Ivar Aasen (1813–1896). A large body of serious literature has grown up in this artificial common denominator of Norwegian dialects; possibly a fourth of the school-children of Norway receive their chief instruction in it. Although New Norse is far from its goal of supremacy, it is a factor of the utmost significance in Norwegian history, and a phenomenon of great interest to students of language and literature. The earliest detailed study of Aasen's linguistic practice is found in Johan Storm's polemic pamphlet Det nynorske Landsmaal. That brilliant scholar here applied his wit and ingenuity to proving that New Norse (Landsmaal) as written, was not and could not be a language, because of its inevitable tendency to crumble up into the dialects of which it was created. To this end he analyzed in some detail the language of the various New Norse writers, among them Aasen. His purpose did not, however, involve an exhaustive study of Aasen's works, many of which were then unknown or scattered. Hence his classification was inadequate and at times definitely incorrect. He divided Aasen's New Norse into an older form, represented by Prøver af Landsmaalet (1853) and Fridtjofs Saga (1858), and an intermediary form used in Ervingen (2d ed., 1874), Heimsyn (1875) and Symra (3d ed., 1875). But this rough division (based chiefly on the change in 1858 from dan, dat to den, det) gives us no conception whatever of the gradual steps by which Aasen passed from form to form and the experimentation out of which his completed New Norse norm was shaped.


Based on the essence of the social security banks, this paper points out that the state-owned social security banks should abtain much related support of policy and law, then analyses what to support, how to support and the necessity.


In this paper, cloud computing application in the construction of medical information technology, medical cloud platform for large-scale data needs to be efficient flow control, this paper first of several flow control algorithm, algorithm analysis, medical cloud platform the HTB flow control algorithm is applied, experimentalprove its cloud platform, data-processing capacity in the health care has improved significantly, and can maintain good stability.


Sickle cell disease (SCD) patients have a higher incidence of certain cancers, but no studies have determined the impact of cancer on survival among SCD patients. SCD patients (n = 6423), identified from state‐wide hospitalisation data, were linked to the California Cancer Registry (1988–2014). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was used to examine survival. Among SCD patients, a cancer diagnosis was associated with a 3‐fold increased hazard of death. Compared to matched cancer patients without SCD, SCD was associated with worse overall survival, but not cancer‐specific survival, suggesting that SCD cancer patients should be treated with similar therapeutic intent.


TLA+ is a high-level specification language that has been used to specify and check the correctness of several hardware protocols. We expect that it can also be used to specify and check concurrent algorithms and protocols for software systems.


Presents a new approach for designing analog switches. Based on a two-current-conveyor cell, the switching element is suitable for continuous-time applications and offers high-linearity, low-noise, and high-frequency characteristics. Parasitic resistance and capacitance are improved and a wide bandwidth is achieved compared to previous approaches of traditional commercial circuits, the major interest of this new building block is to simulate an analog switch dedicated to the implementation of analog networks.


This paper takes as its starting-point sociological research which conceptualized modern dying as a status passage. Most deaths in modern Britain result from long-term disease conditions over a period of months or even years and so are likely to be predictable. Given such durations, it may be that a modern role of dying, which is dependent upon awareness of dying, has emerged. Sociological research has largely focused upon people dying from cancer, yet the majority of long-term deaths result from other chronic conditions. The certainty of death may develop slowly over a long period of time: even when the fact of death is certain its timing may remain in doubt. Although such uncertainties apply to all long-term terminal conditions, they are more readily resolved for cancer deaths than for other types of terminal conditions. People dying from such conditions are thus unlikely to be in a position to adopt a dying role.


Receive-only stations (ROS), located in nine places in Japan, were developed as one of ground facilities for a series of experiments using the Medium -scale Broadcasting Satellite for Experimental Purpose (BSE). Each ROS is aimed at receiving broadcast from the BSE and obtaining basic data for design of future satellite broadcasting system through evaluation of picture quality and measurement of video/sound transmission characteristics. This report describes the system design and hardware of the ROS.


Eight human isoforms of phosphoinositide 3‐kinases (PI3Ks) exist, but their individual functions remain poorly understood. Here, we show that different human small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) cell lines overexpress distinct subsets of class IA and II PI3Ks, which results in striking differences in the signalling cascades activated by stem cell factor (SCF). Over expression of class IA p85/p110α in SCLC cells increased SCF‐stimulated protein kinase B (PKB) activation and cell growth, but did not affect extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (Erk) or glycogen synthase kinase‐3 (GSK‐3). This effect was selective, since it was not observed in SCLC cell lines overexpressing p85/p110β or p85/p110δ. The SCF receptor associated with both class IA p85 and class II PI3KC2β, and both enzymes contributed to SCF‐stimulated PKB activity. A dominant‐negative PI3KC2β blocked both PKB activation and SCLC cell growth in response to SCF. Together our data provide novel insights into the specificity and functional significance of PI3K signalling in human cancer.


In this preliminary work, a fleet management problem that occurs in container transportation industry is presented. From the carrier perspective, the present and future operations costs to minimize can be divided in three components: the routing costs, the resource (i.e., driver and truck) assignment costs and the container repositioning costs (i.e., the costs of restoring a given container fleet distribution over the serviced territory, as expected by the shippers that own the containers). Our solution approach is based on the relaxation of this problem in three separate simpler sub–problems associated to each of the costs considered above.


A method for accessing process control data, comprising: Loading a client object; Communicating a data access request from the client object to a real object that is configured to communicate with a server; Communicating a query from the real object to the server on the basis of the data access request; Receiving process control data from the server in response to the query; Transfer of process control data from a first data arrangement, which is connected to a server schema to a second data arrangement, which is connected to a client schema; and Communication of the transferred process control data to an application.


In this paper, we will investigate convex domains and starlike domains which contain the image set of normalized holomorphic mappings on bounded starlike circular domains in Cn.


Breastfeeding occurs when the child receives breast milk, and can be direct from the breast or milked. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), it is recommended that it be exclusive until the six months of the baby's life, and from the beginning of the six months the complementary feeding begins, in view of the continued breastfeeding until the two years. This is considered a natural practice that brings several benefits to the child, as well as to the mother.1


Abstract This study examines the quality of local and regional environmental plans produced under New Zealand's Resource Management Act (RMA) of 1991, which sets forth a national sustainable development strategy. Plan quality characteristics are defined and used as criteria for plan evaluation. A key finding is that planning programmes have significantly advanced since passage of the RMA, but that high quality plans are not necessarily produced by simply passing mandate legislation. Implications of study findings for sustainable development initiatives in other countries and for future research are presented.


Example embodiments of the present invention to provide an air brake system and control method, the air brake system comprising: a redundant channel, the dispensing valve and the brake cylinder tube; wherein an end of the total redundant channel duct connected to the other end of the system connected to the cylinder tube, when the rail vehicle emergency braking, within the overall redundant channel receiving the total air duct when the pressure ratio of the total wind redundant channel receiving the compressed air brake cylinder tube above a predetermined threshold pressure, redundant channel to receive total air fed into the cylinder tube, to enhance the pressure within the brake cylinder tube; dispensing valve connected to the control cylinder tube, for charging compressed air into the cylinder tube, to enhance the air pressure in the brake cylinder tube; brake cylinder tube, the cylinder tube when the inner brake pressure is not smaller than the predetermined value, the rail vehicle brake.


THE CURRENT "back to the basics" hue and cry reminds me of the story in Honey in the Horn where an oldtimer, working at the local sawmill, cut his own pay from $1.50 to $1.00 a day. When asked why he would do such a fool thing, the old man replied, "Fractions make my head hurt." The profession's reaction to the public outrage that students can't write reminds me of that old-timer. We, too, seem to be attempting to avoid complication by reverting to a simpler number. To illustrate what I mean: In 1974 the Carnegie Foundation for the Improvement of Teaching gave the Modern Language Association a modest grant to finance a study of the state of the English undergraduate curriculum. Primarily, the officers of the foundation wished to know the answer to this question: "How is the English profession responding to the students who are now going to college?" One of the activities in the study was a national survey of the teaching of freshman composition. Four hundred thirty-six college and university teachers, directors of writing, and department chairmen from forty-nine states and Puerto Rico responded to MLA's inquiry and answered such questions as, "What do you consider the main purpose of the course you teach?" "What is the average size of your freshman composition classes?" "How are the texts selected for the course?"2 Quotations from this survey illustrate the divergent opinions and philosophies held about the college freshman English course.


One hundred and eighty eight blueberry fruit and leaf samples were obtained from a commercial blueberry field in Waldo, Florida in June, 2010. Spectral reflectance was measured in the ultraviolet (UV), visible and near-infrared (NIR) ranges (200 nm-2500 nm) with an increment of 1 nm for each sample. Five different categories (mature fruit, intermediate fruit, immature fruit, light-green leaf and dark-green leaf) were used for classification model construction and validation. Significant differences in reflectance among the five categories were found in the visible and NIR region. Especially, the mature fruit had much lower reflectance in both regions, which shows great potential for distinguishing mature fruit from other categories. Based on the spectral characteristics of each category, fourteen normalized vegetation indices were developed for further statistical analysis to find significant bands for classifying different fruit maturity status as well as leaves. Principal component analysis (PCA), classification regression tree and multinomial logistic regression were conducted to develop prediction models for distinguishing different classes. The multinomial logistic regression model with three independent variables, which are the combinations of reflectance at six wavelengths (500, 525, 550, 575, 680, and 750 nm) performed the best, with prediction accuracy of 100%. The six wavelengths thus can be used for developing an easy-to-use and low cost fruit maturity sensor for a blueberry yield mapping system.


Summary A study was made of the utilization of citrate in milk by some lactic acid bacteria. When Streptococcus diacetilactis 1007 was grown alone or with either Streptococcus cremoris 924 or Lactobacillus casei B 142/C or with both these latter organisms, > 99% of the milk citrate was utilized within 5 days. L. casei B 142/C and L. casei/Str. cremoris utilized 57 and 14% of the citrate, respectively. When L. casei C 2 and L. casei C 5 were grown in milk in which Str. cremoris 924 had been previously grown, 94 and 64%, respectively, of the citrate was utilized after 7 days at 30°C. Cheeses were made using a citrate-fermenting and a non-citrate-fermenting starter and citrate concentrations of the milks, wheys and curds were determined during cheese-making. With Str. cremoris 924, citrate was preferentially retained in the curd at pressing, the concentration in the curd moisture being 2·9 times that in the whey. With the mixed starter Str. cremoris 924/Str. diacetilactis 1007, the curd at pressing and from the press contained only 27 and 5%, respectively, of the citrate present in the Str. cremoris curd at these times. Cheeses were made using Str. cremoris 924, combinations of Str. cremoris/Str. diacetilactis 1007, or with δ-gluconic acid lactone instead of starter, with and without the addition of L. casei C 5, in order to examine the ability of the latter organism to produce 'blowing' in the sense of distension of the Cryovac wrapping of film-wrapped cheeses. L. casei C 5 neither accelerated the decrease in cheese citrate nor produced blowing of the film-wrapping. Possible reasons for this behaviour are discussed.


Optical metropolitan/wide area networks with arbitrary topology usually require optical amplifiers to compensate for the fiber attenuation and splitting loss introduced by the star couplers. An amplifier placement algorithm using spanning tree traversal is proposed. Using this algorithm, the authors show that it is possible to equalize the arriving optical signals at each receiver of the network. This technique enhances other static or dynamic gain equalization schemes and presents a more effective and robust solution to the power equalization problem for WDMA networks with arbitrary topology.<<ETX>>


As a widely used intradomain routing protocol,OSPFs performance has significant impact on Internet overall performance. This paper presents a method of blackbox OSPF performance test,with the help of Network Simulator(NS2)to simulate several network topologies under which the test is performed. The time performace of OSPF is tested and analyzed,and the impact of network topology on OSPF performance is discussed.


The article considers problems of dictionary composing, and specific character of translation linguistic and cultural units and their differential semantic.


Hong Kong's commitment to free schooling in the 1970s led to a massification of its formerly elite education system. Analysis of census data reveals that, consequently, family background and gender have played smaller roles in determining which children go to secondary school. There was no concomitant increase in social selection at the postsecondary level Ironically, the colonial government owed little of its legitimacy to the provision of equal opportunities for individuals. In years past, social mobility was not central to the rationale for public education. However, with the pending transfer of sovereignty to China, the weakened authority of the government has generated a need for new bases of legitimacy. It may be that guarantees of equal opportunity will emerge in attempts to bolster state authority.


NEW MATERIAL: A compound of formula W-X-G (G is a bile acid group; X is a bond or an intervening group such as -O-, -S-, etc.; W is a pharmacologically active group, a drug, or a drug fragment). EXAMPLE: A compound of formula I. USE: The subject compound can change a low- or non-absorbable active compound into an absorbable compound which can be orally administered. PROCESS: For example, cholic acid of formula II is reacted with CH 3 SO 2 Cl in the presence of pyridine to give a compound of formula III (MS is CH 3 SO 2 ). The hydroxy group at position 3 of the product is substituted with a diol of formula HO(CH 2 ) n OH to yield a compound of formula IV. The product is reacted with CH 3 SO 2 Cl and then reacted with NaN 3 to afford a compound of formula V. The product is hydrogenated to give an intermediate of formula VI, which is reacted with a compound W such as antitumor agents, antibiotics, peptides, etc. COPYRIGHT: (C)1991,JPO


March 01, 2002 | Brain Tumors [1] Glioblastoma multiforme remains virtually incurable, with reported median survivals of less than 2 years with standard treatment.[1] In recent years, thalidomide (Thalomid) has shown activity in high-grade gliomas as a single agent and in combination with nitrosoureas and carboplatin (Paraplatin).[2-4] I will describe three cases in which patients with recurrent, multicentric glioblastoma responded to thalidomide plus chemotherapy after failing initial treatment with conventional radiation and chemotherapy for a single malignant glioma.


The Jordan reservoir, Czechoslovakia, was constructed in 1492 and the last full drainage and fish removal was in 1830. In this 'mature' fish community of 20 species (plus three hybrids), the roach, Rutilus rutilus (L.) (1446 fish ha–1) and beam, Abramis brama (L.) (1074 fish ha–1) dominated the fish stock (total of all species = 3628 fish ha–1). Predatory species made a small contribution to the total (maximum 7.7%, obligatory predators 2%). The contribution (12%) by perch, Perca fluviatilis L., was also low, and its numbers in successive age-groups showed a steady decrease. The high variability and time-synchronization in the year-class strengths of the principal cyprinid species may indicate unstable environmental conditions or intra-community cycles. The growth rates of non-predatory species were low. There was a high fishing rate on predatory species but there was little impact by fishery management on the whole 'mature' community. Intensive eutrophication from both communal waters and agriculture probably caused the high biomass level (all species) and the low abundance of zander, Stizostedion lucioperca (L.).


Provided is a technology that, with a simple structure resulting from supporting at a support body a plurality of connection terminals forming an inter-layer connection conductor, is high-precision and low-cost, and that by means of using a terminal assembly having a novel configuration, can precisely produce a module and can reduce the production time of the module. The present invention is high-precision and low-cost while having the simple configuration of a plurality of connection terminals (11) being supported by a support body (12), and can precisely produce the module (100) by mounting an electronic component (102) and a terminal assembly (10) having a novel configuration to one primary surface of a wiring substrate, and sealing the terminal assembly (10) and electronic component (102) mounted to one primary surface of the wiring substrate (101) by means of a first resin layer (103). Also, as the plurality of connection terminals (11) are only supported by the support body (12), the support body (12) can be easily removed from the plurality of connection terminals (11), and so it is possible to reduce the production time of the module (100).


The international growth and expansion of Union Fenosa in Latin America has come about at the cost of significant social, labour and environmental impact. For this reason, in many of the countries where it has developed its business, the protests of the Latin American people against the Spanish multinational have become paramount. At this time, the company began to develop its Corporate Social Responsibility, which proved to be very beneficial for the company. On the one hand, social action and philanthropic projects through corporate marketing camouflaged the consequences of its activities; and on the other, it avoided social and union movements against it. This article analyses two specific cases to illustrate the reality of Union Fenosa's CSR: Nicaragua, where the company has used international commercial law over the law of the country, and Colombia; where it has been successful thanks to its Social Energy programme, which has countered the strong protests which have taken place against the company.


This study investigated whole-body vibration (WBV) response in real field harrowing operations at different tractor ride conditions i.e., average speed, front harrow pin angle (FHPA), and rear harrow pin distance (RHPD). Taguchi's L27 orthogonal array was used to formulate a systematic design of experiments. WBV exposure was measured along the three translational axes to compute overall daily vibration magnitude i.e., A(8). Tractor's seat isolation capacity was assessed in terms of Seat Effective Amplitude Transmissibility i.e., SEAT%. Raw acceleration data was analysed to obtain dominant frequencies using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). A(8) was found to range between 0.43 to 0.87 m/s2 in the experimental trials. Seat isolation capacity was found to be poor in 89% of the experiments i.e., SEAT% > 100%. Average speed and FHPA was found to have a significant impact (p ≤ 0.05) on A(8) and SEAT%. FFT response showed a range of primary and secondary dominant peaks within a frequency range of 0.2 to 11 Hz. In conclusion, the majority of experimental trials (67%) exceeded the Directive2002/44EU recommended exposure action value (EAV) limit i.e., 0.5 m/s2. The harrowing operation was found to exhibit vibration exposure at low frequencies in the vicinity of natural frequencies of the human body and may consequently affect ride comfort.


Evaluating driving safety according to road alignment conditions is a fundamental for safe road design and traffic operations to prevent traffic crashes. A significant intrinsic factor affecting driving safety is the driver's psychophysiological workload generated in response to various external environmental changes during road driving. Electroencephalogram (EEG) is a well-known measure to evaluate the driver workload resulting from the response to the internal and external stimuli experienced while driving vehicles. However, the use of EEG in research of the transportation engineering domain requires not only high-cost experiments but also great efforts in data analysis. To address these issues, this study developed a promising method to predict the psychophysiological workload affecting driving safety using vehicle maneuvering data. A total of 30 drivers participated in driving simulation experiments using a high-fidelity motion-based driving simulator to obtain both psychophysiological workload data and vehicle maneuvering data to be used for developing the methodology. The proposed methodology consists of two parts: the prediction of the level of psychophysiological workload using a K-nearest neighbor (KNN) algorithm and the derivation of the alertness risk index (ARI) based on the spatiotemporal aggregation of the prediction results. Additionally, evaluating driving safety by different road conditions is conducted based on the proposed methodology.


Objective: To characterize the neuroepidemiology of rural Haiti using radiology reports of 3,614 head CT scans from the country's first publically accessible CT scanner. Background: CT is often unavailable, inaccessible, or unaffordable in low-income countries, creating challenges for patient care and impeding the understanding of neuroepidemiology necessary for policy development. Design/Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of head CT reports for CTs performed between July 2013 and January 2016 at Hopital Universitaire de Mirebalais in rural Haiti, extracting patients' age, study indication, and radiologic findings. Results: 3,614 head CTs were performed on 3,416 patients. Repeat scans in the same patient were excluded from subsequent analyses. The most common indications for head CTs were headache (27% of all scans), trauma (19.9%), abnormal neurological exam (12.2%), and stroke (11.3%). 44.4% of scans were normal, 4.2% were inconclusive. The most common categories of neurologic abnormalities were traumatic (31%), vascular (25.8%), and infectious (12%). Of 291 strokes, 64% were ischemic (median age at diagnosis 60.8 years, SD 17.4), and 36% were hemorrhagic (median age 52.0, SD 15.5). In patients with head trauma, 22.5% had intracranial hemorrhage and 35.5% had fractures. Evidence of neurocysticercosis was present on 11.8% of CTs (median age 42.6, SD 19.0). In patients scanned for seizures, 17.5% had evidence of neurocysticercosis. The indications with the highest proportion of normal head CTs were endocrine complaint (73.9% normal), neuropathy (71.4%), headache (69.2%), and cramps (66.7%). Conclusions: Age at stroke in our rural low-income population is lower than in high-income countries and proportion of stroke due to intracerebral hemorrhage is higher. Neurocysticercosis is present in a significant proportion of patients with seizures/epilepsy in our population. These findings can inform policies and programs for prevention and treatment of neurologic disease in rural low-income settings. Disclosure: Dr. Valtis has nothing to disclose. Dr. Cochran has nothing to disclose. Dr. Martineau has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lamour has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mendel has nothing to disclose. Dr. Berkowitz receives textbook royalties from McGraw-Hill, MedMaster, Oxford Press .


This article proposes criteria to the evaluation of structural unemployment and measures of state regulation of the economy in order to increase employment and reduce structural unemployment. Results of the study suggest that the disparities that exist in the labor market made ??it necessary to strengthen the active role of the state in regulating the social and economic system of the country.


We considerer emotional aspects related to the birth,
approaching those from the point of view of the social
actors involved in the same: mother, father and son.
Doing special emphasis in the figure of the father who is permanently relegated to the second plane in the
conventional references, for questions of gender.
The literature review realized allows us to value the
different temporary stages that they live in relation with
the childbirth, without leaving behind , for its relevance,
the desire of the son, the pregnancy, the relation of the
couple, the socio-economic situation and the care of the
son after the birth.


The valence band structure and core level of non-doped GaN and Mg- (7x1018cm–3), Si- (6x1017cm–3) doped GaN films grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition were investigated by hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HX-PES). The surface Fermi level of non-doped GaN film was pinned near midgap at 1.8 eV from the valence band maximum (VBM). From the angular dependence of HX-PES, upward and downward surface band bending was observed for GaN:Mg and GaN:Si, while the surface Fermi level was located at 1.3 eV and 1.9 eV from the VBM, respectively. Following the built-in potential evaluated from 1/C2-V of the Schottky contact, the bulk Fermi of GaN:Si film was estimated to be 3.1 eV (© 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Gastric volvulus is an uncommon clinical entity seen in both adults and pediatric patients. It occurs when
the stomach is rotated atleast 180 degrees along its longitudinal or transverse axes. Gastric volvulus may
present acutely or may present with intermittent, recurrent and chronic symptoms. In acute presentation, there is risk of
strangulation of stomach leading to necrosis , perforation and shock. Hence, prompt diagnosis and treatment of acute gastric
volvulus helps to decrease morbidity and mortality. We encountered a case of a 20 year old male patient who presented to the
emergency department with acute onset of abdominal pain and distension. Following Contrast Enhanced Computed
Tomography and upper GI endoscopy a diagnosis of acute strangulated gastric volvulus with eventeration of left
hemidiaphragm was made and patient was posted for emergency laparotomy. Intraoperative ndings included
mesenteroaxial volvulus of the stomach with transmural necrosis of the fundus and proximal part of body of stomach along the
greater curvature with eventeration of left hemidiaphragm and superior displacement of spleen with infarct of lower part of
spleen


1322 www.thelancet.com Vol 373 April 18, 2009 sensitive and experience-based guidance in the regulation of health evaluations in complex settings is the only sensible way forward. With the involvement of so many individuals and organisations in interpreting the Iraq data, there is suspicious evidence of outside interference, a rising trend in public health research. It is time to ask the hard questions. When and how do we know that public health data and interpretation are being tampered with, and by whom? There are few topics as important as the health of civilians in confl icts. Yet eff orts to sanction investigators and silence future studies will severely reduce eff orts to document the health of neglected populations.


A stand alone, three-phase, delta-modulated, current-source PWM rectifier has been built and has been shown to be capable of operating with near sinusoidal current waveforms, unity power factor. and good DC current regulation. A mathematical model that has been justified against experimental measurements and results from digital simulations is presented. The current waveform distortion limit and the asymptotic stability limit are established. It is shown that the rectifier can operate safely within these limits in the entire range of its power ratings. >


AbstractObjective: Increasing complexity of patients referred tocardiac surgery demands more effective heart centers, inorder to maintain the same quality. The aim of this study isto examine the short-term effect of adoption of anorganizational model on surgical outcomes. Methods: From January 2006 to June 2007, 367consecutive adult patients underwent cardiovascularsurgery. Pre-, intra- and postoperative data wereprospectively collected and transferred to an institutionaldatabase. Organizational model was established in August2006, and based on integrated multiprofessional team workpatient-centered, evidence-based medicine withstandardized patient care and personal conflictmanagement. The outcomes studied were hospital mortalityand combined adverse events (death, stroke, acutemyocardial infarction and acute renal failure), by usingmultivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: After establishment of such model, there wasreduction of hospital mortality (from 12% to 3.6%, relativerisk= 0.3;


For slowly varying wave trains in a linear system, it is known that a quantity proportional to the square of the amplitude propagates with the group velocity. It is shown here, by considering a specific problem of longitudinal waves in a hot electron-plasma and using an asymptotic analysis, that this result continues to be valid even when weak nonlinearities are introduced into the system provided they produce slowly varying wave trains. The method of analysis fails, however, for weakly nonlinear ion-acoustic waves.


Here we take advantage of the well‐characterized and simple nervous system of Caenorhabditis elegans to further our understanding of the functions of RNA editing. We describe the two C.elegans ADAR genes, adr‐1 and adr‐2, and characterize strains containing homozygous deletions in each, or both, of these genes. We find that adr‐1 is expressed in most, if not all, cells of the C.elegans nervous system and also in the developing vulva. Using chemotaxis assays, we show that both ADARs are important for normal behavior. Biochemical, molecular and phenotypic analyses indicate that ADR‐1 and ADR‐2 have distinct roles in C.elegans, but sometimes act together.


Abstract N, N', N'-Tri-alkylphosphorothioic triamides, P(S)(NHR)3. R = Me, Et, Pr n , Pr i , Bu n , Bu n , Bu i , Ch2Ph, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl, decompose at 190–240°C to give cyclodiphosph(V)azanes, [RHNP(S)NR]2. The 1H nmr spectra of the cyclic dimers are reported; trans-structures are assigned to the products R = Et, Pr n , Bu n , Bu i , and CH2Ph.


This paper considers financial management and transparency aspects of Sovereign Wealth Funds (SWF) in Russia. It also discusses the impact of the global financial meltdown (2008-2009), commodity price fluctuations and the rise of the risks in the emerging world on SWFs financial performance and their investment activities.


OBJECTIVE
To establish whether serum adalimumab (ADA) trough level (ADA-TL) and antidrug antibody (ADA-ab) level predict flare after stopping ADA in established RA patients with long-standing low disease activity.

METHODS
From the clinical trial Potential Optimalisation and Effectiveness of TNF-blockers, 210 RA patients stopping ADA, who had been using ADA (40 mg/2 weeks) for >1 year with conventional synthetic DMARDs and who had low disease activity (DAS28 < 3.2, or the rheumatologist's assessment of low disease activity with CRP < 10 mg/l) for at least 6 months prior to stopping, were followed for 1 year. The ADA-TL was measured (by ELISA) 12-17 days after the last ADA injection; if it was low, ADA-abs were measured (by an antigen-binding test). Association between time-to-flare and ADA-TL was evaluated by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and Cox regression.

RESULTS
A total of 106 (51%) patients flared within 1 year after stopping ADA. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for flare and ADA-TL was 0.50 (95% CI 0.42-0.58), P = 0.92. The hazard ratio for flare for ADA-TL ⩾ 5 μg/ml (adequate level) vs <5 μg/ml was 0.93 (95% CI: 0.63-1.36) (not significant). Of the 4 patients with high ADA-ab levels, 2 patients (50%) experienced a flare.

CONCLUSION
Flare risk within the year following stopping ADA is not predicted by the ADA-TL or ADA-abs assessed at the moment of stopping.

TRIAL REGISTRATION
Netherlands Trial Register, http://www.trialregister.nl, NTR3112.


A hearing system includes a hearing aid (10) and a personal communication device (20), and both have a short range data transceiver (15, 29) for short range data communication. The hearing aid (10) has a signal processor (13) processing an electric input signal according to predefined audio processing parameters, and a signal processing sub-system with at least two modes of operation applying respective sets of audio processing parameters. A program selector component (16) has a classifier (51) analyzing the electric input signal and classifies an auditory environment of the hearing aid (10). The personal communication device (20) has an auxiliary classifier component (24) monitoring the use of the personal communication device, and generates and transmits a notification upon detection of a change of the environment. The program selector component (16) receives the notification from the auxiliary classifier component (24), and takes the notification into account when selecting one of said at least two modes of operation for the signal processing sub-system.


To better understand villagers participating in fitness route project.The paper carries out literature research,questionnaire and face-to-face interviews in Zhejiang Province.The consequent result shows that many villagers participated in fitness route exercise not frequently.More than 40% villager exercisers more than 30 minutes after the dinner.27.3% is frequnent exerciser.Villagers can master the use of bodybuilding methods.But in the use process have appeared,the main reason for damage and improper use,others wounded and equipment damage had been appeared.To development of rural fitness route need scientific guidance and management.


It was aimed to develop and validate the UV spectroscopic, the first-order derivative spectroscopy, and the HPLC method for determination of cefuroxime axetil in bulk and tablets and also in spiked human plasma samples by UV spectroscopy method. In the spectroscopic analyses, the maximum absorbance of cefuroxime axetil in acetonitrile was obtained at 277 nm wavelength in the spectra. In first-order derivative spectroscopy method, two peaks were observed in spectra, a maximum at 258 nm and a minimum at 298 nm. 298 nm wavelength was used in the study. In HPLC-UV study, parameters were chosen as follows: C18 column, 0.1% acetic acid-acetonitrile (30:70; v/v) for mobile phase, 1.0 mL/min of flow rate, 280 nm of wavelength, 10 μL of injection volume and etodolac (2.5 μg/mL) as internal standard. Accuracy, precision, recovery, linearity and sensitivity parameters were determined for each of the three methods. Developed and validated methods were successfully applied on 4 tablets which are named as Cefaks, Cefurol, Aksef ve Enfexia. As a result, it is claimed that proposed method is sensitive, precise, accurate, and successfully used in quality control studies in the drug industry.


Introduction THE LATE Dr. Henry A. Christian, 1 in a manuscript received for publication the day of his death, recalled that during his student days at John Hopkins Medical School in 1898 he read in Osler's "Principles and Practices of Medicine," second edition, published in 1895, of idiopathic or primary periocarditis and that the term idiopathic pericarditis appeared in the title of many papers dating back to 1854 in the first series of the "Index Catalog of the Surgeon General's Office," in Washington, D. C., in the volume published in 1889. In a lecture as Hersey Professor of the Theory and Practice of Physic at the Harvard Medical School in 1901 he said, "Now as far as pericarditis is concerned, you can get a primary pericarditis, primary in the sense that you have no other inflammatory process in the body, you have no particular portal of entry that you can


"...To retrofit 'artistic correctness' on top is a step too far back to the Neo-Victorian age." The Manchester Art museum and the disappearing/reappearing Nymphs, do we benefit from seeing them? or are we perpetuating tired tropes?


During our fieldwork in 1979 we have focused our investigations on the area between Murodo-Terminal, Ryuo-bake, Yamasaki-Cirque, Tsurugi-Gozengoya and the New Fusaj i Hotel close to the JigokudaniSolfataras to the west and on the Kurobe-Daira to the east of Mt. Tateyama. There are four major localities where new stratigraphic observations have been possible: (1) A cliff-section to the east of Raicho-so exposes the strata of the plateau towards the ShomyoValley (Fig. 1, G, cf. map in Ono 1980). It is a 50-60 m high exposure containing a complex partially glacigenic stratigraphy. (2) The Yaeijo-Kanrisho-section is about 400 m to the north of the Raicho-so cliff (Fig. 1, H). The exposure is a 10-12 m high cliff containing a complex stratigraphy. (3) To the west of the New Fusaj i Hotel we reach the area of Jigokudani-Solf ataras, south of the ridge around Tateyama-renpo Lodge. This ridge (Fig. 1, I) is built of a till complex and is in close connection with volcanogenic stratae. The basin with the active solfataras in the upper and western part is partially filled with lake deposits. These lake sediments are dissected by the recent river erosion. The paleogeographically important unit of the lake sediments are bottom set deposits of well developed rhythmites. These laminated silts and clays (1 couplet is up to 2 cm) contain fossil leaves and needles of Pinus and volcanic bombs as dropstones. The lake sediment sequence is covered by the recent peat. (4) There is one outcrop in the area east of Mt. Tateyama which has to be mentioned here: It is a small cut directly behind the station of the Tateyama-Kurobe-Ropeway at Kurobe-Daira at the elevation of 1,830 m with two basal tills separated by a paleosoil. Morphology. (1) Most important was the observation of till of two different glaciations at Kurobe-Daira. That means that the wide


Although selective paralysis significantly reduces the incidence of pneumothoraces, initiation of paralysis with pancuronium has been associated with transient hypoxia and catecholamine surge, both of which could hazardously affect cerebral blood flow. This study investigated the effectiveness of increasing ventilator settings 1 immediately prior to paralysis to try and prevent transient hypoxia and consequent rise in catecholamine levels resulting from hypo- ventilation (associated with the first dose of pancuronium). 18 infants GA 30 wks (range 26-34), <48 hrs old and ventilated for RDS were entered into the study. Peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) was increased from mean 23 cms H2O (range 14-40) to 27 cms H2O (range 20-43) immediately before paralysis. Comparison of arterial blood gases immediately before and 20 mins after paralysis did not detect a change in PH or PCO2. In all infants arterial oxygenation rose post-paralysis but not significantly. Adrenaline was detected in 8 infants only with no consistent changes following pancuronium. The mean pre-paralysis noradrenaline level was 21.5nmol/l (range 3.3-78.9). Levels were significantly reduced post-paralysis 10.2nmol/l (range 1.7-29.9)p<0.05. These results suggest increasing PIP immediately prior to paralysis can effectively prevent the initial and transient disturbance of oxygenation and catecholamine surge previously associated with this otherwise beneficial treatment.


The article gives a brief account on the status quo of Guangxi Hotel Industry development in the financial crisis and analyzes the reason why the financial crisis effects Guangxi Hotel Industry development.Finally,it also sets forth some suggestion on how Guangxi hotel industry to add~ss the financial crisis,based on the actuality of Guangxi.


Despite the success of viral vector technology in the transduction of the central nervous system in both preclinical research and gene therapy, its potential in neurogastroenterological research remains largely unexploited. This study asked whether and to what extent myenteric and submucosal neurons in the ileum and distal colon of the mouse were transduced after neonatal systemic delivery of recombinant adeno‐associated viral vectors (AAVs).


This study highlights the potential of using ultraviolet (UV) radiation for initiating polymerization of n-butyl acrylate (BA) in a narrow channel reactor made of borosilicate. A continuous flow system using a 90 cm long glass reactor with a circular cross section (1.5 mm internal diameter) was used in conjunction with a UV flood lamp having peak intensity at 365 nm. A series of experiments were performed in order to study the influence of UV intensity, initiator concentration, and space time on conversion and molecular weight distribution. A mathematical model incorporating the reactor geometry has been developed for predicting the conversions, and the results were compared with the experimental findings. Experimental results from this work have been benchmarked against continuous thermal polymerization studies.


By means of videofluoroscopy laryngectomy patients can be clearly categorised into five mutually exclusive groups. It has been shown that difficulties in oesophageal voice acquisition are directly related to adequacy of the pharyngo-oesophageal (P-E) segment, which is a direct result of the type of surgery used at the time of initial laryngectomy. This paper gives indications for intervention in each of the five groups described and emphasises the need for earlier objective evaluations in order to remedy these difficulties.


In this study, we propose a new magnetic levitation synchronous motor with a high-Tc superconducting bearing. The levitation rotor obtains the levitation force by the magnetic attraction and the restoring force (axially and radially to the shaft) from a superconducting bearing. The levitation rotor to which the magnetic flux concentration method is applied has a large magnetic field outside of the rotor. Because the superconducting bearing constrains this concentrated magnetic flux, the rotor obtains a large restoring force. In addition, a superconducting bearing with a small bulk can be realized. We stabilized the rotor using this method and confirmed that this motor passed the resonance and that its speed increased to approximately 3500 [rpm] without control.


This paper introduced the treatment of pistachio nut wastewater by coagulation-CASS. The experiment result showed that the PAC's coagulator result was better than PFS. The best pH range was 7~10. After coagulated, the wastewater was treated by CASS process. In this process, the removal rate of COD_(Cr) was 94.4% and the removal rate of BOD_5 was 96.1%.


Objective
To explore the feasibility, safety and preliminary efficacy of radioactive gastric tube of 125I seeds in the treatment of advanced esophageal carcinoma.

Methods
For 10 cases with advanced esophageal carcinoma, the tumor target area was outlined in the TPS system according to preoperative CT images. Prescription dose was 60 Gy with 125I seed radioactivity of 2.22×107 Bq. Accordingly, the 125I seeds number and the appropriate gastric tube was decided. Then, depending on the location of the tumor and certain rules, 125I seeds were fixed in the tube wall to make the radioactive 125I seeds gastric tube. Under the C- arm X-ray fluoroscopy, the radioactive 125I seeds gastric tubes were placed into esophageal carcinoma site of the patients.

Results
The radioactive 125I seeds gastric tubes of 10 patients were successfully placed, without esophageal perforation, bleeding complications and so on. In one month after operation, all patients with dysphagia′s Stooler classification score were 2-3 level, of which one case died of other basic diseases in three months after operation, and six cases achieved 0-1 level while the other three cases achieved 1-2 level in four months after operation. There were no cases of postoperative chest pain, bleeding, pneumonia and other related complications.

Conclusions
The radioactive 125I seeds gastric tube could not only help to solve nutrition problems, but also the intracavitary brachytherapy inhibit the growth of tumor, which is safe and feasible in clinical use. It can be used as a palliative treatment for patients with advanced esophageal carcinoma.

Key words:
Esophageal carcinoma; 125I seed; Gastric tube; Intracavitary brachytherapy


The article summarizes on a scientific basis the importance of automation in the process of historical development and improvement of technological processes and the basic requirements for the specialty "Automation of technological processes and production".


InAs self-organized quantum dots in InAlAs matrix lattice-matched to exactly oriented (001) InP substrates were grown by solid source molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) using the Stranski-Krastanow mode. Preliminary characterizations have been performed using photoluminescence and transmission electron microscopy. The geometrical arrangement of the quantum dots is found to be strongly dependent on the amount of coverage. At low deposition thickness. InAs QDs are arranged in chains along [1(1) over bar0$] directions. Luminescence from the quantum dots and the wetting layer consisting of quantum wells with well widths of 1, 2, and 3 monolayers is observed. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics.


Conductive solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) with smart, stimuli-responsive characteristics have gained considerable attention owing to their noninvasive manipulation and applications in future technologies. To address this potential, in this work, we demonstrate photoresponsive composite polymer electrolytes, consisting of SPE and spiropyran-immobilized nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide (SP-AAO) templates. Under UV irradiation, the close SP form isomerizes to the open merocyanine (MC) form, creating extremely polarized AAO surfaces; whereas under visible light irradiation, the MC form reverts to the SP form, creating neutral surface conditions. The electrostatic interactions between ions and AAO surfaces are investigated by attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. Moreover, the behavior of ionic conductivity of the SPE@SP-AAO is found to be consistent with the kinetics of isomerization tracked by UV-Vis spectroscopy. This work provides a promising platform for developing next-generation photoelectronic smart devices.


Prochilodus brevis is a species from a semiarid region of northeastern Brazil. Due to its economic and ecological importance, interest about its reproduction in captivity is growing. The morphological analysis of sperm cells is widely used to assess sperm quality. Thus, the present study aimed to compare the count of 50, 100, 150 and 200 sperm in one and two slide in the analysis of sperm morphology common curimata. Therefore, the semen of eight males curimata was collected and fixed in formalin citrate then stained with Rose Bengal. Sixteen smears, two per animal were made. With the support of an optical microscope, we counted 50, 100, 150 and 200 sperm per slide. According to the results, it is conclude that reliable for morphologic evaluation of semen from common curimata, counting from 100 sperm in only one slide.


The invention discloses a low-trans acid modified oil and fat composition and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of oil and fat deep processing. The low-trans acid modified grease composition is obtained through raw material oil transesterification. The raw material oil comprises at least two components of 0 to 50% of soybean oil, 0 to 95% of stearic palm oil, 0 to 100% of palmitin palm oil, 0 to 80% of beef tallow and 0 to 50% of coconut oil, wherein the sum percentage of the components is 100%. After the transesterification is conducted on the raw material oil, the position of fatty acid at the triglyceride is rearranged, the low-trans acid modified oil and fat composition with the ideal solid fat content characteristics at the relative temperature is obtained, the melting point of the modified oil and fat composition is close to human body temperature, ductility, whipping property and durability after whipping are optimized, the trans-fatty acid content of the composition is reduced to be smaller than 1.0%, healthy oil and fat raw materials with the low trans-fatty acid content is provided for margarine, and development of oil and fat industry is facilitated.


Oxygen enriched, porous fuel injection has been numerically investigated in this study with the aim of understanding mixing and combustion enhancements achievable in a viable scramjet engine. Four injection configurations were studied: a fuel only case, a pre-mixed case and two staged injection cases where fuel and oxidiser were injected independently. All simulations were performed on a flight scale vehicle at Mach 8 flow conditions. Results show that the addition of oxygen with the fuel increases the mixing efficiency of the engine, however, is less sensitive to the method of oxygen addition: premixed versus staged. When
the fuel-oxidiser-air mixture was allowed to combust, the method of additional oxygen delivery had a more significant impact. For pre-mixed fuel and oxidiser, the engine was found to choke, whereas in contrast, in the staged enrichment cases the engine failed to ignite. This result indicates that there exists an optimised configuration between pre-mixed and staged oxygen enrichment
which results in a started, and combusting engine.


In more and more commercial scenarios, radio frequency identification (RFID) is used to tag assets on a large scale. These given tag infrastructures offer themselves for the navigation of autonomous transport vehicles and service robots. In this paper we investigate loop closure for graph-based simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) and trajectory estimation in environments with such dense RFID infrastructures: We compare different methods of inferring that a place has been revisited, examine their robustness, and show how the trajectory of the robot can be reconstructed. Given this trajectory, a robot is able to map transponder positions or to localize itself with RFID and odometry alone and without a reference localization system. The accuracy of our approach is shown through a series of experiments with a mobile robot.


Aim To design a circuit and a program used in communication between TMS320C32 and computers. Methods According to the unique hardware structure of TMS320C32 and communication ways between them, the design is developed. Results A program and hardware interface are obtained. Conclusion After it is debugged and emulated, It is proved that the program is concise and hardware design is reasonable.


The cutting tool life assessment is a one of the important factor in reducing the machining cost. High-speed steel (HSS) devices are the most normally utilized instruments as a part of little and medium-scale industry. These slicing apparatuses are subjected to procedures, for example, heat treatment with a specific end goal to enhance their execution. Cryogenic treatment, which is otherwise called below zero warmth treatment, has made huge commitments to the change of wear resistance, apparatus life, dimensional trustworthiness, and item nature of cutting instruments. Hence, the present review discovers the previous studies those are conducted on titanium, stainless steel, and wear resistant specifically focusing on deep cryogenic treatment. Further, the review also briefly introduces the concept of deep cryogenic and its cooling system. Finally, the review would conclude with the gaps prevailing in the previous studies and provide recommendations for future studies.


This paper examines the trade-off between resource intensive development and preservation of natural resources in the context of groundwater. Use of public schemes that expand groundwater irrigation to mitigate poverty is challenged as being unsustainable, especially when water tables around the world are rapidly depleting. This paper evaluates the effects one such scheme on groundwater use in northern India with the intent to determine if these schemes accelerate water depletion. On the contrary, I find that the program decreased total use of groundwater. I propose a mechanism that explains these findings, and test it using village-level longitudinal census data on wells and aquifer depth. The model predicts that public provision has a heterogeneous impact on the aquifers and it leads to sustainable use, when the fixed costs for private well provision are high. Consistent with the predictions, I find that there is a significant jump in the water-saving effects of the scheme at the water table depth at which the fixed costs of water provision rise substantially due to the technological limitations of surface pumps.


The object of the present paper is to characterize (κ, μ)contact metric manifolds whose concircular curvature tensor satisfies certain semisymmetry conditions. We also verify that the result holds by a concrete example.


Understanding heterogeneous cellular behaviors in a complex tissue requires the evaluation of signaling networks at single‐cell resolution. However, probing signaling in epithelial tissues using cytometry‐based single‐cell analysis has been confounded by the necessity of single‐cell dissociation, where disrupting cell‐to‐cell connections inherently perturbs native cell signaling states. Here, we demonstrate a novel strategy (Disaggregation for Intracellular Signaling in Single Epithelial Cells from Tissue—DISSECT) that preserves native signaling for Cytometry Time‐of‐Flight (CyTOF) and fluorescent flow cytometry applications. A 21‐plex CyTOF analysis encompassing core signaling and cell‐identity markers was performed on the small intestinal epithelium after systemic tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) stimulation. Unsupervised and supervised analyses robustly selected signaling features that identify a unique subset of epithelial cells that are sensitized to TNF‐α‐induced apoptosis in the seemingly homogeneous enterocyte population. Specifically, p‐ERK and apoptosis are divergently regulated in neighboring enterocytes within the epithelium, suggesting a mechanism of contact‐dependent survival. Our novel single‐cell approach can broadly be applied, using both CyTOF and multi‐parameter flow cytometry, for investigating normal and diseased cell states in a wide range of epithelial tissues.


Based on the description of the eco environment in carbonate rocky area,the author put forward some countermeasures to construct eco environment of soil and water conservation in carbonate rocky area,such as terracing of the land on the slopes,transforming low and mid yield farmland,protecting natural forest and afforesting the barren hills,slopes and petrified tillage,which can achieve the goal of comprehensive harnessment and economic development.


Purpose: This study aims to determine the effect of population, Human Development Index and Gross Regional Domestic Product on the number of poor people in Minahasa District

Theoretical Framework: The data used in this study uses secondary data sourced from the Central Bureau of Statistics for North Sulawesi Province in 2011-2021. This type of research is quantitative research.

Design/Methodology/Approach: The analysis technique used in this study is panel data regression analysis.

Findings: The results showed that population, Human Development Index, and Gross Regional Domestic Product have an effect on the number of poor people. The population number and Human Development Index variables have a positive and significant effect on the number of poor people. The Gross Regional Domestic Product variable has a negative and significant effect on the population

Research Practical and Social Implications: The Gross Regional Domestic Product variable has a negative and significant effect on the population.

Originality/Value: Partially the population has a positive and significant effect on the numberpoor people in Minahasa, North Minahasa, South Minahasa,Southeast Minahasa in 2012-2021.


This study investigates the mediating significant role of OL in the relationship between KnowledgeManagement (KM) and Organizational Performance (OP). It intends to explore the significant role of KM inachieving superior OP. It analyzes how KM creates OL and how OL contributes to OP.KM and OL should join forces and develop a unified discipline. KM needs OL and its expanding body of goodresearch. OL needs base of practitioners of KM and its abiding interest in problems and practice.KM and OP are believed to be essential for the success in business. Organizations and researchers have turnedtheir attention to KM recently. Despite the growing interest and investment of resources in KM, there are fewempirical studies to demonstrate the relationship between KM and OP. Understanding these relationships isessential for managers if they hope to improve OP through KM. The purpose of this research is to fill theabovementioned gap by testing the relationships between KM and their impact on OP.This study was conducted on the Egyptian commercial banks. Of the 382 questionnaires that were distributed,310 usable questionnaires were returned, a response rate of 81%. This survey-type research is descriptive interms of the data collection.The finding reveals that KM affects OP through OL. Accordingly, the study provided a set of recommendationsincluding the necessity to pay more attention to KM as a key source for organizations to enhance thecompetitive advantage which is of prime significance for OP through OL.


An account is given on some aspects of the biology of crazy ant Paratrechina fulva (Mayr). The number of larval instars for the male and worker castes were determined using a sample of larvae collected from the field. Head width and body length were measured; workers went through three larval instars while males did it through four. Three kinds of experimental colonies hexagynous, trigynous and monogynous were set up. The immature development of workers and the growth of a colony under laboratory conditions were studied. The mean duration of egg, larva and pupa was 16.2 , 10.8 and 12.2 days respectively. The total immature development took from 23 to 50 days with a mean of 39.2 days. The highest production of brood was obtained in the hexagynous colonies. The highest production of eggs was reached faster in the polygynous colonies in contrast with the monogynous, while the maximum number of larvae and pupae was obtained towards the end of the observation period for all of the colonies. Brood mortality was higher during the incubation period and it reached an average of 70% for the monogynous colonies, this percentage was lower in the development of larvae to pupae reaching nearly 50% for the three kinds of colonies. Significant differences were found between the mortality percentages of larvae during incubation for the three kinds of colonies studied, specifically between the monogynous and hexagynous colonies. The polygynous colonies therefore proved to be more stable experimental units, showing a lower percentage of mortality of larvae after incubation and, although no significant difference was found, polygynous colonies were more successful in rearing brood to the pupal stage and they reached and maintained a pupae/eggs rate of at least 50% faster than the monogynous colonies.


This invention relates to kicks. It relates to a kick wherein the kick shaft 12 is biased toward its rest position by a spring 25. According to the invention, the fixed end 25b of the spring 25 is held by deformation of this end in the direction parallel to the axis of the kick shaft 12 and by introducing this end into a hole 29 formed in a fixing protrusion 27 molded in one piece with the housing 20 of the motor. Application to motorcycles.


Observations of neutral hydrogen (HI) are widely used as a probe of the interstellar medium in galaxies and of galactic kinematics and dynamics. The 21-cm line can be used to determine galactic rotation curves far beyond the optical disk, and is one of the prime sources of evidence for the existence of dark haloes in spiral galaxies. However, a recent attempt to measure the 21-cm emission from NGC 3198 to very low column densities (N sub H approx. equals 5 times 10 to the 18th power) found that the HI disk is very sharply truncated at a column density of a few times 10 to the 19th power (Sancisi 1989, private communication). This discovery reinforces the earlier suggestion (Briggs et al. 1980) that extended, low-column density envelopes of neutral hydrogen are not common around galaxies. Here the author suggests that the sharp edge seen in the HI disk in NGC 3198 is consistent with a model in which a self-gravitating neutral HI disk is photoionized by the extragalactic radiation field. The possibility that the extragalactic background would produce sharp edges to HI disks was first suggested by Silk and Sunyaev (1976).


The lot sizing and scheduling problem in a Flexible Flow Line (FFL) has extensive real-world applications in many industries. An FFL consists of several production stages in series with parallel machines at each stage. The decisions to be taken are the determination of production quantities (lots), machine assignments and production sequences (schedules) on each machine at each stage in an FFL. Lot sizing and scheduling problems are closely interrelated. Solving them separately and then coordinating their interdependencies is often ineffective. However due to their complexity, there is a lack of mathematical modelling and solution procedures in the literature to combine and jointly solve them.
Up to now most research has been focused on combining lotsizing and scheduling for the single machine configuration, and research on other configurations like FFL is sparse. This thesis presents several mathematical models with practical assumptions and appropriate algorithms, along with experimental test problems, for simultaneously lotsizing and scheduling in FFL. This problem, called the 'General Lot sizing and Scheduling Problem in a Flexible Flow Line' (GLSP-FFL). The objective is to satisfy varying demand over a finite planning horizon with minimal inventory, backorder and production setup costs. The problem is complex as any product can be processed on any machine, but these have different processing rates and sequence-dependent setup times & costs. As a result, even finding a feasible solution of large problems in reasonable time is impossible. Therefore the heuristic solution procedure named Adaptive Simulated Annealing (ASA), with four well-designed initial solutions, is designed to solve GLSP-FFL.
A further original contribution of this study is to design linear mixed-integer programming (MILP) formulations for this problem, incorporating all necessary features of setup carryovers, setup overlapping, non-triangular setup while allowing multiple lot production per periods, lot splitting and sequencing through ATSP-adaption based on a variety of subtour elimination.


Determining evidence-based practices is a complicated enterprise that requires analyzing the methodological quality and magnitude of the available research supporting specific practices. This article reviews criteria and procedures for identifying what works in the fields of clinical psychology, school psychology, and general education; and it compares these systems with proposed guidelines for determining evidence-based practices in special education. The authors then summarize and analyze the approaches and findings of the 5 reviews presented in this issue. In these reviews, prominent special education scholars applied the proposed quality indicators for high-quality research and standards for evidence-based practice to bodies of empirical literature. The article concludes by synthesizing these scholars' preliminary recommendations for refining the proposed quality indicators and standards for evidence-based practices in special education, as well as the process for applying them. uch forces as the standardsbased education movement, the mandated participation of students with disabilities in state proficiency testing, inclusion, and the recognition that many students with disabilities are capable of higher levels of academic and social attainment than previously expected have driven an intensified focus on improving outcomes for students with disabilities. Perhaps because many factors that may inhibit the outcomes of students with disabilities are beyond the direct control of educators (e.g., poverty, limited resources, attitudes), special educators have tended to focus their attention on one determinant of students' outcomes over which they have always exercised primary control—teaching practices. Unfortunately, many teachers of students with disabilities have implemented teaching practices shown to have little effect on student outcomes while eschewing many research-based practices (e.g., B. G. Cook & Schirmer, 2003; Kauffman, 1996). In an effort to bridge this research-to-practice gap, lawmakers have emphasized practices that research has shown to be effective in such legislation as the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 and the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act of 2004. Researchers Exceptional Children 3 6 5 in special education have also conducted initial research on how to effectively support teachers in adopting and maintaining the use of researchbased or evidence-based practices (see Wanzek & Vaughn, 2006, for a review of this research). Despite the considerable interest in basing instructional practices on research evidence, special educators have not yet established definitively which practices are or are not evidence-based or settled on a systematic process for determining evidence-based practices (EBPs). E V I D E N C E B A S E D P R A C T I C E S All interventions are not equal; some are much more likely than others to positively affect student outcomes (Forness, Kavale, Blum, &C Lloyd, 1997). Simple logic appears to suggest that, in general, teachers should prioritize the use of instructional practices that are most likely to bring about desired student outcomes. Although some contend that research cannot reliably determine which educational practices produce desired gains in student outcomes (e.g., Gallagher, 1998), we proceed under the positivist assumption that it can (Lloyd, PuUen, Tankersley, & Lloyd, 2006). The use of EBPs, or those practices shown by research to work, seems particularly imperative in special education. As Dammann and Vaughn (2001) suggested, whereas many nondisabled students make adequate progress under a variety of instructional conditions, students with disabilities require the most effective teaching techniques to succeed. However, advocating for implementing EBPs in special education begs two critical questions: what are EBPs, and how can researchers identify them? All interventions are not equal; some are much more likely than others to positively affect student outcomes. Determining whether a practice is evidencebased involves a number of issues: What types of research designs should researchers consider? How many studies with converging findings are necessary to instill confidence that a practice is effective? How methodologically rigorous must a study be for the results to be meaningful? To what extent must an intervention affect student outcomes for researchers to consider it effective? Although other issues certainly affect the difficult business of determining EBPs, we limit our discussion to these four issues—research design, quantity of research, methodological quality, and magnitude of effect.


This thesis attempts to discuss the translatability trend of culturally-loaded terms in English and Chinese in the situation of "globalization". In this situation, cross-cultural communication between Chinese and the Western cultures gets more and more frequent and there are thus, more and more similarities between English and Chinese situations, which will result in the higher and higher translatability of culturally-loaded terms in English and Chinese due to the fuller and fuller transfer of the information loaded with them in the target situation. However, the national characteristics of language and culture will keep the two situations from being the same, which means the information of the culturally-loaded terms in English and Chinese transferred in the target situation cannot be equal to that loaded in the source situation. Thus, the translatability trend of culturally-loaded terms in English and Chinese will be higher and higher on the whole but with some limits of translatability in part.


Electric motors consume about 70% of generated
electricity worldwide. With an increase in power
consumption the improvements in the efficiency of AC
motors will have major energy savings. Higher
efficiency can be achieved in thin sheet of Fe-Si
steel with ~150 microns grain size and a 100 fiber
texture normal to the sheet, which maximizes the
easy magnetization direction in the sheet. The Goss
texture with a single easy magnetization direction
in the Fe-Si sheet has been produced for
transformers for many years by multistage
processing, but the desired texture for motors has
not yet been produced by any multistage processing.
This technological challenge is addressed in the
book through detailed studies of the deformation and
recrystallization processes in continuously cast and
directionally solidified Fe-Si alloys, with columnar
grain structure with the desired fiber texture. A
multistep thermomechanical processing has been
successfully developed for recovery of preferred
100 fiber texture. This book should be useful to
senior students of metallurgy, materials science and
engineering and to researchers in laboratories and
industry.


The aim of this paper is to design and implement an open source e-health monitoring and fall detection system to monitor senior patients. The architecture of the system is based on a set of medical sensors and a microcontroller that communicates with a cloud. The sensors' data are collected and processed using a microcontroller, then, the data will be stored on a cloud to form a permanent record, as well as, to facilitate the diagnosis and the real-time monitoring for doctors, which plays a vital role in the patients' rehabilitation and healing process. To fulfill this, a web interface is created that gives doctors the authority to access all patients' medical records and monitor their health statuses. Furthermore, to detect whether the patient will suffer from unpredicted fall, a fall detection system is also considered. The system is composed of a microcontroller, voice recognition module, accelerometer and a gyroscope. By utilizing the information gathered from the previous sensors, a fall can be detected and an alert message can be sent to the medical personnel for immediate help and assistance.


The objective for research is to find out the efficiency of Vita-Start as new supplement in seabuckthorn propagation by green cuttings. Estimated supplement has been tested as foliar nutrition at conventional technology in both completely and partial film covered greenhouses. Treatment has been made after complete rooting in solution strength as follow: 0.005, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2%. Best concentration for complete covered greenhouse has been observed in the rate of 0.05%. It was 52.7% first-rate plants that 1.4 times higher compared to standard. Best result for partial covered greenhouse has been obtained in concentration of 0.05 and 0.005%, where were 76.8 and 77.9% first-rate plants that 1.2 and 1.4 times higher comparing to standard correspondently. Highest level of cost efficiency has been found at solution strength of 0.005% in both completely and partial covered greenhouse -3752 and 5073 rubbles per square meter respectively. Utilization of Vita-Start as new supplement in seabuckthorn propagation provides plants output and quality increasing, shows cost-efficiency as at conventional technology (completely film covered greenhouse) as well as at modern technology (partial covered greenhouse).


In the rat, postsynaptic 5‐hydroxytryptamine2A receptors medial prefrontal cortex control the activity of the serotonergic system through changes in the activity of pyramidal neurons projecting to the dorsal raphe nucleus. Here we extend these observations to mouse brain. The prefrontal cortex expresses abundant 5‐ hydroxytryptamine2A receptors, as assessed by immunohistochemistry, Western blots and in situ hybridization procedures. The application of the 5‐hydroxytryptamine2A/2C agonist DOI (100 µm) by reverse dialysis in the medial prefrontal cortex doubled the local release of 5‐hydroxytryptamine. This effect was reversed by coperfusion of tetrodotoxin, and by the selective 5‐hydroxytryptamine2A receptor antagonist M100907, but not by the 5‐hydroxytryptamine2C antagonist SB‐242084. The effect of DOI was also reversed by prazosin (α1‐adrenoceptor antagonist), BAY × 3702 (5‐hydroxytryptamine1A receptor agonist), NBQX (α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazole‐4‐propionate/kainic acid antagonist) and 1S,3S‐ACPD (mGluR II/III agonist), but not by dizocilpine (N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate antagonist). α‐Amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazole‐4‐propionate mimicked the 5‐hydroxytryptamine elevation produced by DOI, an effect also reversed by BAY × 3702. Likewise, the coperfusion of classical (chlorpromazine, haloperidol) and atypical antipsychotic drugs (clozapine, olanzapine) fully reversed the 5‐hydroxytryptamine elevation induced by DOI. These observations suggest that DOI increases 5‐hydroxytryptamine release in the mouse medial prefrontal cortex through the activation of local 5‐hydroxytryptamine2A receptors by an impulse‐dependent mechanism that involves/requires the activation of local α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazole‐4‐propionate receptors. This effect is reversed by ligands of receptors present in the medial prefrontal cortex, possibly in pyramidal neurons, which are involved in the action of antipsychotic drugs. In particular, the reversal by classical antipsychotics may involve blockade of α1‐adrenoceptors, whereas that of atypical antipsychotics may involve 5‐hydroxytryptamine2A receptors and α1‐adrenoceptors.


The author tells us the state of existence on some people who live in poverty by studying the nov - els of Liu Qingbang,Liu Xinglong,Tan Ge,Li Peifu,You Fengwei and so on.The author also reveals that these people coming from countryside,the verge of city or between countryside and city live in very difficult conditions Their state of existence is very difficult but they survive difficultly.They are struggling,suffering and holding fast to themselves.


Large caliber sniper must satisfy several design requirements such as firing accuracy, reliability, weight limit and so on. How to get optimized structure parameters of large caliber sniper is a key target of designers. Global parameters optimization of large caliber sniper rifle based on genetic algorithm was studied in this paper. Firing accuracy was chosen as object function of global parameters optimization. Simulation model of firing accuracy was established firstly. Neural network method was used to fit object function. Genetic algorithm was used to search optimized structure parameters of whole rifle. A group of optimized structure parameters were got finally. The large caliber sniper rifle with these parameters has balanced performance according test. The study of this paper can offer a method for choosing better structure parameters of large caliber sniper rifle. Also the study can improve design efficiency.


When U.S. President takes emergent measures to deal with a crisis situation, there are four models of administrative emergency right, concerning the difference of relations with the constitution and law. Through the dispute and interaction among Congress, President and Supreme Court, we could see the experiences from US emergency administration.


More than sixty years ago, in his preface to Carl Russell Fish's excellent Guide to the Materials for American History in Roman and Other Archives, the General Editor, J. Franklin Jameson, wrote as follows. In any series of guides to the materials for American history in foreign archives, the Roman archives deserve a prominent position and early treatment. Two reasons justify this statement. In the first place, although the documents in those archives relate primarily to ecclesiastical affairs, yet religious history constantly deserves the attention of the student of civil as well as of ecclesiastical history, and the influence of the Catholic Church and the scope of its operations can never be appropriately defined within confessional limits. In the second place, of all the great national archives of Europe there are none that have been so little exploited for purposes of American history as those of Rome and Italy. Although these words were written decades ago, it still remains true that too little use is made of such archival materials, and not only by American historians. One of the microfilm additions to the collections at Saint Louis University includes precisely this type of material in a collection that runs to about 250,000 manuscript pages from the Archive of the Sacred Congregation de Propaganda Fide (for the propagation of the faith). The congregation was definitively established by Gregory XV (1621-1623) in his constitution Inscrutabili of June 22, 1622, although there had been some discussion about the formation of such a congregation for almost fifty years. This brief note description will be oriented toward the African materials only, but a general description of the indexes is necessary that the Africanist may be able to use them.


Cocaine produces dose‐dependent increases in locomotor activity which can manifest as seizures at high doses. Cocaine is a local anesthetic that also blocks the uptake of norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5‐HT). Antidepressants that block the uptake of NE and/or 5‐HT produce anticonvulsant effects in genetically epilepsy‐prone rats (GEPRs) at doses below doses producing seizures. The purpose of this study was to determine if cocaine was capable of producing anticonvulsant effects against sound‐induced seizures in the GEPR. Procaine (local anesthetic) imipramine (NE and 5‐HT uptake blockade) and bupropion (DA uptake blockade) effects were also characterized. Anticonvulsant and convulsant dose response curves were determined in moderate seizure (GEPR‐3s) and severe seizure (GEPR‐9s) GEPRs. Effective dose‐50s for anticonvulsant effects and convulsant dose‐50s were determined for all 4 drugs. Cocaine, procaine, imipramine and bupropion all produced anticonvulsant effects in GEPR‐3s and GEPR‐9s at doses lower than doses producing convulsions. These results suggest that cocaine produces anticonvulsant effects at low doses and convulsant effects at high doses through its local anesthetic and NE, DA and 5‐HT uptake blockade mechanisms.


We propose a model for learning with bandit feedback while accounting for deterministically evolving and unobservable states that we call Bandits with Deterministically Evolving States. The workhorse applications of our model are learning for recommendation systems and learning for online ads. In both cases, the reward that the algorithm obtains at each round is a function of the short-term reward of the action chosen and how ``healthy'' the system is (i.e., as measured by its state). For example, in recommendation systems, the reward that the platform obtains from a user's engagement with a particular type of content depends not only on the inherent features of the specific content, but also on how the user's preferences have evolved as a result of interacting with other types of content on the platform. Our general model accounts for the different rate $\lambda \in [0,1]$ at which the state evolves (e.g., how fast a user's preferences shift as a result of previous content consumption) and encompasses standard multi-armed bandits as a special case. The goal of the algorithm is to minimize a notion of regret against the best-fixed sequence of arms pulled. We analyze online learning algorithms for any possible parametrization of the evolution rate $\lambda$. Specifically, the regret rates obtained are: for $\lambda \in [0, 1/T^2]$: $\widetilde O(\sqrt{KT})$; for $\lambda = T^{-a/b}$ with $b<a<2b$: $\widetilde O (T^{b/a})$; for $\lambda \in (1/T, 1 - 1/\sqrt{T}): \widetilde O (K^{1/3}T^{2/3})$; and for $\lambda \in [1 - 1/\sqrt{T}, 1]: \widetilde O (K\sqrt{T})$.


Modern waste management practices encourage the recovery of energy from municipal solid waste after efforts to reduce, reuse, and recycle appropriate materials. Energy can be recovered through direct mass burn in a waste-to-energy (WTE) facility or through the collection and combustion of biogas generated in sanitary landfills. Many comparisons have been made although rarely using best practice assumptions for both technologies; WTE proponents tend to assume low collection efficiency while landfill proponents tend to assume low electrical conversion efficiency. In general, WTE plants can be considered to have a better environmental performance (reduced emissions) with landfill having lower total costs (social and environmental). Both strategies have similar costs when considering 77% collection efficiency and a high efficiency (30% electrical conversion) WTE plant that displaces electricity from coal. The introduction of carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies to waste management changes the landsca...


A certification processing hardware is set to a game apparatus utilized for connecting with a game server in network game environment to execute a user certification process. The certification processing hardware includes a storing unit which stores certification information of the user, a certification information transmitting unit which encrypts the certification information with an encryption key given from a server device to transmit it to a game server, a certification result information receiving unit which receives certification result information from the game server, and a certification result decryption processing unit which decrypts the certification result information. The certification information may include a user ID and a password. The certification information is stored inside the certification processing hardware, so the components thereof cannot be referred to and copied from outside of the hardware so that the confidentiality of the certification information can beensured. Therefore, security can be remarkably improved compared with a user certification method that the user inputs the user ID and the password by hand.


Site 319 was drilled in the southern Bauer Deep in a basin about 6 km across containing about 100 meters of sediment as old as 14.5 m.y. Northwest-trending ridges and fault scarps in the sea floor and the northwest grain of the basement topography beneath the basin are consistent with formation at the northeast-southwest spreading Galapagos Rise Crest.


Abstract Background Although insomnia is a very common disorder, few people seek medical help. Objectives To determine the proportion of people who consult a healthcare professional about insomnia and examine reasons for help seeking. Methods Descriptive study of 99 patients diagnosed with insomnia following a telephone survey of 466 adults assigned to a primary healthcare unit in Majorca (Spain). Data were obtained from interviews and subsequent review of electronic medical records. Results Thirty-nine patients (39.8%) consulted at least once with one health care professional; 36(92.2%) consulted a general practitioner. Only 12.2% had an insomnia diagnosis registered in their medical record. Insomnia consultation was not associated with any sociodemographic variables analysed, anxiety, depression or comorbidities. Also, there was no association with sleep quality, duration, and sleep efficiency. Patients with clinical insomnia (OR, 2.48; 95% CI, 1.03–5.94), those who were more worried (OR, 2.93; 95% CI 1.08–7.95) or felt that others noticed the impact of insomnia on their quality of life (OR, 2.48; 95% CI, 1.02–19.08) are more likely to seek medical help. Patients taking sleep medication were 21.54 (95% CI, 7.34–63.20) times more likely to have asked for medical assistance. Conclusion Insomnia is an under-reported problem for both patients and doctors. When patients decide to consult for insomnia problems, they first go to the GP, and the vast majority take medications for their sleep problem. Those who consult most are people with more severe insomnia and those who are more worried.


List of contributors. Preface. Acknowledgements. Section I. Psychobiology of Acute and Chronic Pain. 1. From acute to chronic pain: mechanisms and hypotheses (F. Cervero, J.M.A. Laird). 2. Quantitative experimental assessment of pain and hyperalgesia in animals and underlying neural mechanisms (E. Carstens). 3. Nociceptive, environmental and neuroendocrine factors determining pain behaviour in animals (A.M. Aloisi, G. Carli). 4. Functional imaging studies of the pain system in man and animals (C.A. Porro, M. Cavazzuti). 5. Limbic processes and the affective dimension of pain (C.R. Chapman). II. Neuropeptides, Inflammation and Neuropathic Injuries. 6. Neurogenic mechanisms and neuropeptides in chronic pain (A. Dray). 7. Peripheral opioid analgesia - facts and mechanisms (A. Herz). 8. Alterations in the functional properties of dorsal root ganglion cells with unmyelinated axons after a chronic nerve constriction in the rat (R.H. LaMotte et al.). 9. Plasticity of messenger function in primary afferents following nerve injury - implications for neuropathic pain (Z. Wiesenfeld-Hallin, X.-J. Xu). 10. The possible role of substance P in eliciting and modulatig deep somatic pain (S. Mense, U. Hoheisel, A. Reinert). 11. Studies of the release of immunoreactive galanin and dynorphin A(1-8) in the spinal cord of the rat (A.W. Duggan, R.C. Riley). III. Neurotransmitters and Plasticity. 12. Cooperative mechanisms of neurotransmitter action in central nervous sensitization (W.D. Willis et al.). 13. Neurophysiology of chronic inflammatory pain: electrophysiological recordings from spinal cord neurons in rats with prolonged acute and chronic unilateral inflammation at the ankle (H.-G. Schaible, R.F. Schmidt). 14. Acute mechanical hyperalgesia in the rat can be produced by coactivation of spinal ionotropic AMPA and metabotropic glutamate receptors, activation of phospholipase A2 and generation of cyclooxygenase products (S.T. Meller et al.). 15. Involvement of glutamatergic neurotransmission and protein kinase C in spinal plasticity and the development of chronic pain (T.R. Toelle et al.). 16. Neurobiology of spinal nociception: new concepts (J. Sandkuhler). 17. Balances between excitatory and inhibitory events in the spinal cord and chronic pain (A.H. Dickenson). 18. Plasticity of the nervous system at the systemic, cellular and molecular levels: a mechanism of chronic pain and hyperalgesia (M. Zimmermann, T. Herdegen). Subject Index.


A graphics terminal using raster scan on an ordinary TV monitor is described. The scan is done out of a bank of 4K dynamic RAMS which are set or reset asynchronously by an independent microprocessor. Special features are the microprocessor (built out of ordinary 7400 series parts) which does all graphics, text, and communications and the method for storing the raster image in RAMS. 23 figures.


A high-order implementation of the Discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method is presented for solving the three-dimensional Linearized Euler Equations on an unstructured hexahedral grid. The method is based on a quadrature free implementation and the high-order accuracy is obtained by employing higher-degree polynomials as basis functions. In the DG method the solution domain is divided into a set of non-overlapping elements and the approximate solution is expressed as a linear combination of linearly independent basis functions. The degree of the polynomials that constitute the basis functions determines the order of the accuracy of the method and, if desired, the degree can vary from element to element. The weak formulation of the problem is approximated by replacing the solution space by the space spanned by the basis functions. Hence the approximate solution, represented as an expansion in terms of basis functions is discontinuous at the interfaces between neighboring elements. To provide the crucial coupling and to handle the discontinuity at element interfaces the boundary-normal flux is replaced by the approximate Riemann flux which is the only means by which neighboring elements communicate, regardless of the order of the method. In the present study the Riemann flux is approximated by a Lax-Friedrichs flux. For the time discretization a four-stage Runge-Kutta scheme is used which for the present linear problem possesses fourth-order accuracy in time. The present DG method is implemented for an unstructured hexahedral grid and is up to fourth-order accurate in space. Non-reflecting boundary conditions are implemented at the boundaries of the computational domain. First, the method is verified for the case of the convection of a 1D compact acoustic disturbance. The numerical results show that the rate of convergence of the method is of order p+1 in the mesh size, with p the order of the basis functions. This observation is in good agreement with analysis presented in the literature. Secondly, the method is applied to the acoustic radiation from a vibrating wall segment in an infinite rectangular duct. The results are compared to the results obtained by a similar method implemented on a tetrahedral grid. A major conclusion is that the results obtained on hexahedral elements are more accurate than the results obtained on tetrahedral elements. In addition the results are compared to the leading term in a series expansion of the analytical solution.


This chapter investigates the impact of central banks' unconventional monetary policies on sectors of unique and traditional alternative investments beyond the stock market. More specifically, authors examine how quantitative easing (QE) programs, imposed by the FED and the ECB during the financial crisis, affected the fine wine market and rare coins in comparison with real estate, commodities, and crude oil. The methodology used in this chapter includes multiple regression analysis. As dependent variables, the LVX 50 Index, the Rare Coin Values Index, the REIT Index, the CRB Commodity Index and the Crude Oil Futures Index, are used for each sector respectively. Our empirical analysis shows that the QE programs applied had different outcomes between our sample markets. Thus, investors should evaluate the signals associated with the announcements of prospective monetary policies in their attempt to achieve a sufficient portfolio diversification and to harvest superior returns at the same time.


Background: Population-based cohorts play a key role in epidemiological studies. However, it is known that volunteer cohorts include a healthy volunteer bias. Assessment and characterization of this bias is needed to extrapolate results to the general population. Here, we assess the bias of the population-based cohort GCAT, encompassing 20 000 adult participants from Catalonia with electronic health record data. The aim of this study is to compare the GCAT cohort with its age-matching Catalan population, to assess their representativeness, as well as determining the weights to make results generalisable. Methods: Statistical comparisons until 2019 in multiple variables across sociodemographic, lifestyle, diseases and medication domains were performed by stratified analysis with Fisher's exact test and t-test. Electronic health records of Catalonia (SIDIAP), and registers from the statistics institute of Catalonia (IDESCAT) and Spain (INE) were used to make the comparisons. We generated weights accounting for sociodemographic, lifestyle and multimorbidity factors. Results: GCAT cohort is enriched in women and younger individuals, with higher socioeconomic status, more health conscious and healthier in terms of mortality and chronic disease prevalence. We have shown that this bias can be corrected with weighting techniques, providing a more representative sample of the general population. Conclusions: The application of multidomain weights, encompassing not only sociodemographic aspects, but also lifestyle and health-related variables, has effectively diminished the observed bias in disease prevalence estimates within the GCAT cohort. This correction has led to an enhancement of the cohort's representativeness, rendering it more akin to the general population of Catalonia.


We study the partially ordered set $P(a_1,\ldots, a_n)$ of all multidegrees $(b_1,\dots,b_n)$ of monomials $x_1^{b_1}\cdots x_n^{b_n}$ which properly divide $x_1^{a_1}\cdots x_n^{a_n}$. We prove that the order complex $\Delta(P(a_1,\dots,a_n))$ of $P(a_1,\ldots a_n)$ is (non-pure) shellable, by showing that the order dual of $P(a_1,\ldots,a_n)$ is $\mathrm{CL}$-shellable. Along the way, we exhibit the poset $P(4,4)$ as a new example of a poset with $\mathrm{CL}$-shellable order dual that is not $\mathrm{CL}$-shellable itself. For $n = 2$ we provide the rank of all homology groups of the order complex $\Delta \left( P(a_1,a_2) \right)$. Furthermore, we give a succinct formula for the Euler characteristic of $\Delta \left( P(a_1,a_2) \right)$.


Two new cases of acute meyloid leukaemia occurring after razoxane therapy are recorded and further haematological and cytogenetic details of two cases previously reported are described. The need for long‐term follow‐up after patients discontinue razoxane therapy is emphasized.


China has engaged in the study of the meaning of applied linguistics for 20 years.Summarizing the 20 years experience,We can mainly classify our understanding of the meaning of applied linguistics into three parts: the application of linguistics,the application of language and the combination of language itself and noumenal linguistics with their applications.The further comb and expurgation of it must be predetermined by making clear a number of basic problems related to the meaning of applied linguistics.