Introduction: In 2019, Ontario's Ministry of Health (the Ministry) introduced Ontario Health Teams (OHTs) to provide population-based integrated healthcare. Primary care was foundational to this approach. We sought to identify factors that impacted primary care engagement during OHT formation from different perspectives. Methods: Interviews with 111 participants (administrators n = 80; primary care providers n = 17; patient family advisors = 14) from 11 OHTs were conducted following a semi-structured guide. Interviews were transcribed, coded, and thematically analyzed. Results: Participants felt that primary care engagement was an ongoing, continuous cycle. Four themes were identified: 1) 'A low rules environment': limited direction from the Ministry (system-level), 2) 'They're at different starting points': impact of local context (initiative-level); 3) 'We want primary care to be actively involved': engagement efforts made by OHTs (initiative-level); 4) 'Waiting to hear a little bit more': primary care concerns about the OHT approach (sector-level). Thirteen factors impacting primary care engagement were identified across the four themes. Discussion and Conclusion: The 13 factors influencing primary care engagement were interconnected and operated at health system, integrated care initiative, and sector levels. Future research should focus on integrated care initiatives as they mature, to address potential gaps in the involvement of primary care physicians.


Numerical simulation can help understanding water- and heat-flow systems through plastic-mulched soils. An effective simulation approach is crucial to know the role of plastic mulch in a soil ecosystem, which can save water in agriculture. A field experiment was conducted at Gifu University in a rainfed soybean cultivation under plastic mulch and bare soil treatments to clarify the soil water and heat flow mechanism. Furthermore, the two-dimensional numerical software HYDRSUS-2D model with different boundaries at the soil surface was used to simulate water and heat flows. Firstly, soil hydraulic parameters were estimated by inverse solution using laboratory-measured data and then coupled soil-water and heat flows were simulated by optimizing soil thermal parameters by inverse solution. The HYDRUS-2D model simulated water and heat flow through the root zone depths satisfactorily. The root-mean square error (RMSE) was 0.015–0.030, and 0.046–0.055 cm3 cm−3 for the plastic mulch, and bare soil, respectively, in estimating soil moisture and 0.66–1.28, and 0.70–1.54 °C, respectively in estimating soil temperature. Water infiltration was 61% lower in the plastic-mulched soil, which reduced soil evaporation as well as soil-moisture storage changes compared to bare soil. This study can be applied to design and manage different plastic mulching patterns in rain-fed crop cultivation.


This paper presents a study on the impact of buffering schemes on wireless sensor power consumption. Two common buffering paradigms are studied: fixed-size buffering and fixed-interval buffering. We present theoretical analyses of the power consumption of the buffering schemes, in relation to parameters of the sensor node's wireless radio and memory modules, as well as the sensor data arrival rate. Our results indicate that, under the same circumstances, the optimal fixed-size buffering scheme outperforms the optimal fixed-interval scheme in terms of overall power conservation. We also show that a power-aware buffering scheme can save significant energy consumption over a power-oblivious buffering scheme, thus prolonging the useful lifespan of the sensor nodes.


Combustion in boiler blended with waste sludge can cause serious abrasion in the furnace. In this paper, Fluent6.3 was applied to establish three-dimensional numerical combustion model based on k-ε turbulence equations and Lagrangian stochastic particle trajectory to analyze a CFB (Circulating Fluidized Bed) boiler of a power plant in Guangdong province. The results show that anti-attritions will break the ring-core adherent regurgitation of the particles thus reducing erosion of particles made to the furnace wall. Furthermore, a setting of three anti-attrition ridges can prolongate the life of the wall by 2.49 times. Increasing numbers and the length of ridges are beneficial to wall, which should be limited shorter than 150mm duo to heat tube slagging, and implementing a shape of trapezoid instead of rectangle all are derived as enhancements to the feature of anti-attrition of CFB.


In a rare response to pending legislation, the National Science Board has warned that a bill before the House of Representatives Science, Space & Technology Committee could damage the National Scie...


Vinogradova and colleagues' study is a welcome addition to the literature on the association between hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and risk of venous thromboembolism.1 The results are broadly in keeping with other research in this area, but this study provides greater detail about the potential risks of different HRT preparations, including the different types of oestrogen and progestogens, …


1. Human Motion Capture.- The Process of Motion Capture: Dealing with the Data.- A New Interface Paradigm for Motion Capture Based Animation Systems.- 2. Human Animation.- A Model of Human Crowd Behavior: Group Inter-Relationship and Collision Detection Analysis.- Dynamic Analysis of Human Walking.- 3. Physics-based Modeling.- Physically-based Wrinlde Simulation & Skin Rendering.- Interactive Display and Animation of B-spline Solids as Muscle Shape Primitives.- An Alternative Inter-Particle Force Model for Coupled System Flexible Body Dynamics.- 4. Natural Phenomena.- Qualitative Simulation of Convective Cloud Formation and Evolution.- Visual Model of Plant Development with Respect to Influence of Light.- A Phenomenological Model of Coastal Scenes Based on Physical Considerations.- Practical Experience in the Physical Animation and Destruction of Trees.- 5. Collision Processing.- REACT: REal-time Adaptive Collision Testing, An Interactive Vision Approach.- Collision and Self-Collision Handling in Cloth Model Dedicated to Design Garments.- Appendix: Colour Illustrations.


The hypertrophic osteopathy is a syndrome characterized by bone proliferation as a consequence of lung disease, such as metastatic nodules. The diagnosis is based on radiography of the appendicular bones evidencing the proliferation. Mammary neoplasms are the ones that affect dogs the most and, their malignant variants, frequently metastasize. The present report describe the case of a bitch with carcinoma mammary solid grade III of malignancy that presented pulmonary metastasis and, consequently, developed hypertrophic osteopathy. Due to advanced stage of the neoplasm the patient was submitted to euthanasia. In this way, the osteopathy can act as a sinalizer for the veterinarian for pulmonary diseases, especially metastatic nodules.


Correlation coefficients between inflation and openness were estimated, with data from 1996 to 2010, for Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania and Ukraine. Eight of the nine coefficients were, as proposed by macroeconomics, negative, although the coefficients for Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia and Ukraine were not significant. Lithuania's positive and significant coefficient suggested that if openness would not have increased, inflation would have been higher. Cross-country coefficients estimated for 1996, 2000, 2005 and 2010 were negative but not significant due to large differences between the inflation rates of countries that had very similar rates of openness.


This study is focused on the study of polyphenolic compounds in grape stems as by-product of winemaking industry. Two white varieties of Gruner Veltliner and Sauvignon and two red varieties of Blauer Portugieser and Cabernet Moravia were selected for the study. Antioxidant activity, concentration of total polyphenols and concentration of individual phenolic compounds were determined. The results show a higher concentration of polyphenols and higher values of antioxidant activity in red varieties. The Blauer Portugieser variety contained the highest concentrations of syringic acid 1.346 mg.L-1, caffeic acid 20 mg.L-1, ferulic acid 1.192 mg.L-1, coumaric acid 3.231 mg.L-1, trans-resveratrol 14.195 mg.L-1, catechin 79.314 mg.L-1 and epicatechin 33.205 mg.L-1. Cabernet Moravia contained the highest concentration of protocatechuic acid 1.201 mg.L-1, the Sauvignon variety reached the highest concentration of gallic acid 4.015 mg.L-1 and hydroxybenzoic acid 0.076 mg.L-1. The highest values of alpha-amino acids were determined in the Blauer Portugieser variety 165.3 mg L-1 and the lowest in the Gruner Veltliner variety 33.3 mg L-1. The highest concentration of ammonia nitrogen was 214 mg L-1 for the Blauer Portugieser variety and the lowest concentration of ammonia nitrogen was measured in Cabernet Moravia 35.7 mg L-1.


Submitted for the MAR15 Meeting of The American Physical Society Generation of Spin and Orbital Current in Carbon Nanotubes by Spin-rotation Coupling MASATO HAMADA, SHUICHI MURAKAMI, Tokyo Institute of Technology — Spin-rotation coupling represents a coupling between the electron spins and mechanical rotations, and may be used for generation of spin currents by mechanical rotation. In our presentation we consider carbon nanotubes, and use one of the phonon modes called a twist mode. This mode gives rise to a rotation around the tube axis and eventually an effective Zeeman field parallel to the axis is generated by spin-rotation coupling. We calculate a generated spin current by solving the spin diffusion equation. In addition to the effective Zeeman field along the axis, the rotation also generates an effective orbital magnetic field in the radial direction. We calculate diamagnetic susceptibility for the radial magnetic field, and discuss the generated orbital current. Masato Hamada Tokyo Institute of Technology Date submitted: 14 Nov 2014 Electronic form version 1.4


【Cu(In,Ga) $Se_2$ (CIGS) photovoltaic thin films were electrodeposited on Mo/glass substrates with an aqueous solution containing 2 mM $CuCl_2$ , 8 mM $InCl_3$ , 20 mM $GaCl_3$ and 8mM $H_2SeO_3$ at the electrodeposition potential of -0.6 to -1.0 V(SCE) and pH of 1.8. The best chemical composition of $Cu_{1.05}In_{0.8}Ga_{0.13}Se_2$ was found to be achieved at -0.7 V(SCE). The precursor Cu-In-Ga-Se films were annealed for crystallization to chalcopyrite structure at temperatures of 100- $500^{\circ}C$ under Ar gas atmosphere. The chemical compositions, microstructures, surface morphologies, and crystallographic structures of the annealed films were analyzed by EPMA, FE-SEM, AFM, and XRD, respectively. The precursor Cu-In-Ga-Se grains were grown sparsely on the Mo-back contact and also had very rough surfaces. However, after annealing treatment beginning at $200^{\circ}C$ , the empty spaces between grains were removed and the grains showed well developed columnar shapes with smooth surfaces. The precursor Cu-In-Ga-Se films were also annealed at the temperature of $500^{\circ}C$ for 60 min under Se gas atmosphere to suppress the Se volatilization. The Se amount on the CIGS film after selenization annealing increased above the Se amount of the electrodeposited state and the $MoSe_2$ phase occurred, resulting from the diffusion of Se through the CIGS film and interaction with Mo back electrode. However, the selenization-annealed films showed higher crystallinity values than did the films annealed under Ar atmosphere with a chemical composition closer to that of the electrodeposited state.】


In order to determine parameters affecting FRP tension strain of confined RC bridge pier with hollow section,and propose correct formula of FRP effective tension strain,quasi-static test was carried out to ten FRP confined RC bridge piers with rectangular hollow section under unidirectional horizontal cyclic loading and constant axial compression load. Through analyzing measured FRP tension strain,it is shown that parameters affecting FRP tension strain are damage location,the type of FRP,FRP hoop ration,shear-span ration and failure mode of FRP confined bridge pier. Tested FRP tension strain is closer to the calculated results of FRP confined component with debonding failure mode,however,the difference is obvious with the calculated results under FRP rupture failure mode.


Although the lower channel of the Yellow River is well known as accumulation formation,the river bottom and water surface are continuously increasing,the speed of automatic regulation and feedback of the river and the trend of equilibrium are very obvious under the long-term action of silt-discharge.Viewing from sediment carrying capacity and typical data of the upper and lower sections,when discharge is 1 000-4 000 m3/s,the ratio of sediment carrying capacity of the upper(Henan) and lower(Shandong) sections is 1.049-0.915,i.e.when the discharge is smaller than 2 000 m3/s,the sediment carrying capacity of the upper section is greater than that of the lower section;when discharge is greater than 2 500 m3/s,the sediment carrying capacity of the lower section is greater than that of the upper section;and when discharge is 2 300 m3/s,the capacity of the upper and lower sections are basically equilibrium.Viewing from normal process,the sediment transport of the lower section is 1.01 times of the upper section,showing the long-term sediment transport is equilibrium if not considering hyper sediment concentrated flood,no overflow and no change of discharge along the channel.Specially viewing from the data from September 1960 to October 1996,the deposition of Sanmenxia-Lijin section is 3.632 billion tons,of which,the deposition is 3.722 billion tons in 20 hyper sediment concentrated floods;the whole river scour is 90 million tons,making up 0.26% of the 34.8 billion tons coming sediment if hyper sediment concentrated flood is not calculated.


Abstract : The primary objective of the present investigation is to seek an effective and practical method to detect and suitably deflect a coherent optical radiation from its initial direction of incidence and thus avoid the occurrence of serious biological damages which may be caused by such harmful radiations in the wavelength range of 0.4 - 1 micrometer. In the research proposal a possible effective method of simultaneous detection and deflection method using a blazed diffraction grating has been discussed. A diffraction grating is an optical surface with many straight, parallel and equally spaced grooves which provide an optical diffraction due to the mutual interference of the light beams. The distribution of light into various orders of a grating depends upon the microscopic shape of the grooves of the grating. By ruling the grating with and controlling the angles of the grooves it is possible to concentrate the spectral energy in any desired angular region. This is called BLAZING a grating, and the groove-face angle psi is called the blaze angle.


Background Data registered in health facilities about malaria are vital source of information regarding the trend and pattern of the disease. Moreover the data also used to evaluate the impact of the intervention methods and to plan malaria control accordingly. The aim of this study was to assess the number of malaria cases in the service providing health institutions of South Omo Zone, SNNPR, over a period of seven years, 2008–2014. Methods A retrospective review of routinely collected and recorded data on malaria was conducted at Hana and Keyafer health centers located in South OmoZone, during December–March/2014. Result This retrospective study examined records of 54,160 presumptive and confirmed malaria cases registered over seven years (January 2008–December 2014). Among the registered, a total of 22,494 laboratory confirmed malaria cases were reported. The mean annual prevalence of malaria was 3213, with total slide positivity rate (SPR) of 41.53%. The seven years' overall trend of malaria occurrence in the study sites showed a fluctuating trend from 2008 to 20114. P. falciparum was the predominant species with no trend shift in seven years period. Plasmodium falciparum accounted for 61.03% and Plasmodium vivax for 32.44%. Most of the confirmed cases were males (63.26%) and most were above 15 years old (70.7%). Rainfall at lag of one month was significantly predicting number of cases at Hana Health center (P< 0.001), though it was found to be not significant in case of Keyafer Health Center. Conclusion The finding of the retrospective study revealed that malaria still remains as a public health problem in the study areas. The deadly species P. falciparium was most predominant, and the age group above 15 was more infected. Hence, malaria intervention methods should be scaled up in the study sites.


Autonomic homes adapt themselves to give the user the best possible experience of the services they provide. They dynamically adapt its behavior at run-time in response to changing conditions in end-user needs and the surrounding environment devices. From the development point of view, producing and maintaining a large amount of autonomic homes need an affordable solution such as dynamic software product lines (DSPL). DSPL produce a set of products that share features and have the ability of reconfiguring at runtime. Since users maintain and modify their preferences in opportunistic and improvisational ways, an autonomic home must evolve in time according to user expectations. Current DSPL architectures implement the ability of reconfiguring a product but ignore user preferences. We present an extension to our DSPL architecture to incorporate user preferences so user customisation of autonomic homes is not limited to installation time but all along the lifetime.


The new draft of Standards of General Education designate spiritual and moral upbringing as a key task of present-day education. The school has to be seen as a most important institution for students' patriotic, spiritual, moral, intellectual, social, and esthetic development.


The article is devoted to the study of the actual problem of the growth of students' aggressiveness in various forms of manifestations in schools and colleges. The subject of the research is the relationship of students' aggressiveness and the level of intellectual development in youth. The purpose of the research is an empirical study of forms of aggressive behavior in youth and verification of its relationship with the level of intellectual development of students in professional colleges. The theoretical basis of the study is classical approaches to the understanding of aggressiveness and hostility as personality traits, manifested in destructive subjective-objective relationships or as a secretiveverbal reaction of negative feelings and assessments. A sample of the empirical study was college students: 94 boys and girls aged 15-17. The method of organizing the investigation is an ascertaining experiment. The empirical data collection was carried out using the method of "Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory" (by A.H. Buss and A. Durkee) and "Short-form selection test" (by E.F. Wonderlic, adapted by V.N. Buzin). The results obtained allowed us to identify the main forms of students' aggressiveness in youth, the levels of hostility and aggressiveness, as well as the general level of intellectual development of college students. An inverse correlation was established between the integral indicator of their mental development and physical aggression.


A holistic framework for the representation of systems resilience in the context of decision support on societal developments at urban, national and global scales is presented with emphasis on the identification of objectives and corresponding metrics of systems resilience performances in the context of technical, social and environmental systems. The proposed framework facilitates for inclusion of specific policies and stakeholder interests that might be relevant as boundary conditions for the ranking of decision alternatives. The application of the proposed framework and metrics is illustrated through a principal example considering an interconnected system comprised by the subsystems infrastructure, governance and environment. It is shown how decision alternatives for the management of urban systems can be related to societal welfare and capacity to cope with disturbances in the long run and thereby facilitating a systems resilience optimization.


The German naturalist Carl Friedrich Eduard Otto travelled during the 1838-1841 period through the West Indies and the American continent looking for botanical specimen and made a study on the social customs of the inhabitants. He went to Cuba, the United States of America and Venezuela. This work contains a further description of the places he visited and the itineraries he followed. The alive plants he harvested, were sent to the Botanical Garden in Berlin while the dry plants were sent to the Royal Herbarium. This study focuses on Otto and Humbolt's different criteria regarding the slavery and describes Otto's ideological class-conscious positions.


Immunotherapy targeting surface antigens, e.g. CAR-T-cell therapy has become a promising therapeutic approach for glioblastoma (GBM) treatment. Antigen heterogeneity constitutes a major obstacle not only for preclinical in vitro studies but also for clinical translation. Here, we provide information about the surface expression of the eight in GBM CAR-T-cell therapy most targeted antigens (GD2, CSPG4, CD133, CD70, HER2, Il13Rα2, EGFRvIII and EphA2) by analyzing GBM cell lines (GCL), patient-derived cells (PDCL) and patients' tumor tissue (PT) and comparing the expression profiles.

 We measured expression of the above-mentioned antigens in 7 GCL (GaMG, U87, U373, U343, U251, U138, DKMG), 7 PDCL and PT of 9 patients by flow cytometry (FACSCanto II). After evaluation with FlowJo software (TreeStar), we scored antigen expression (0–1.0: low expression, 1.1–2.0: medium expression, 2.1–3.0: high expression) and calculated the mean expression and range.

 GD2 showed a medium expression in GCL (x̅=1.3) but was highly expressed in PDCL (x̅=2.6) and PT (x̅=2.4). In contrast, CSPG4 displayed low expression in GCL (x̅=0.3) and PT (x̅=0.4), but medium expression in PDCL (x̅=1.9). CD133, a stem cell marker, showed low expression in GCL (x̅=0.8) and PDCL (x̅=0.4), whereas the expression in PT was medium (x̅=1.4). Both CD70 and Il13Rα2 were weakly expressed in GCL, PDCL and PT (x̅=0.2, 0.4, 0.0 and 0.5, 0.6, 0.4, respectively). HER2 displayed medium expression in GCL (x̅=1.4) and PDCL (x̅=1.4) and low expression in PT (x̅=0.6). For EGFRvIII medium expression was detectable in all three entities (x̅=1.4, 1.1 and 1.1). EphA2 was mildly expressed in GCL (x̅=0.1), medium expressed in PT (x̅=2.0) and highly expressed in PDCL (x̅=2.6). Overall, there was high variability of antigen surface expression even within each of the groups.

 GCL, PDCL and PT display heterogenic antigen surface expression with high variability within each group, thereby complicating clinical translation of in vitro results obtained using cell lines. This aspect should be taken into account in GBM target antigen research.


world go around". The article "Toward making 'IMEs' Independent" (pages 9-10) certainly reinforces this phenomenon in the insurance context, highlighting the economic forces at work in independent medical examinations (IMEs). The independence of medical examiners in an insurance context is important because of the power wielded by examiners to recommend that insurance benefits be allowed or terminated. This adjudicative responsibility operates in the context of a significant inequality in 'bargaining power' among insurers, who enjoy very large economic resources, and insureds, who by definition suffer disabilities that in many instances render them economically vulnerable. Given the change in public satisfaction between the previous system and the new system described in the article, there is little room to doubt the economic pressures that experts may find themselves under if their livelihood rests on conducting IMEs for insurers. Various systems have been devised to redress this inherent economic imbalance and achieve some degree of fairness in disputed insurance claims. As a lawyer, I must admit to a certain bias in favour of the traditional tort system, which offers an effective method of granting aggrieved parties redress for biased IMEs by subjecting the IME provider's opinion to open scrutiny. In a trial setting, the IME opinion is tested against an array of witnesses who can testify to postaccident changes in the claimant, as well as the expert opinions of the claimant's treating physicians and any IME examiners retained by the claimant. The determination of the claimant's rights is made by the court and binds the insurer. While being criticized as expensive, the strength of the tort system is its strong tradition of judicial independence and an impressive body of jurisprudence in the field of insurance law that recognizes – and seeks to redress – the inequalities between insurers and claimants. In no-fault systems, recourse to the courts is often highly circumscribed or completely eliminated, and administrative processes usually replace the courts. The ability of these bodies to adjudicate disputed claims with fairness and impartiality is highly variable, depending on such factors as the association between the decision-making body and the insurers, and the strength of the insurers' political lobby to influence the format and operation of the administrative systems. (Where the body that holds the purse strings is also responsible for adjudicating claims, there is inevitably a serious conflict of interest favouring insurers.) Once again, the presence of well-funded corporations on one side and individual claimants on the other creates a dynamic of imbalance. Thus, the economic vulnerability of insurance claimants often carries political consequences as well. In rare but notable instances (such as in Colorado), members of the public have formed a collectivity, which has successfully lobbied for greater fairness in the system. The new program in Colorado attempts to introduce fairness at the first level of adjudication, the IME. Interestingly, the primary method of accountability within the new system is financial. However, the new pro-


Gravitarmata margarotana is one of the major pests attacking the seed orchard of Pinus massoniana in Huangping County,having resulted in inestimable economical loss.Study on the Bionomics of Gravitarmata margarotana showed that this pest has one generation in a year.It overwinters as pupa in the weed clumps or the loose soil layers;the adults emerged from mid April to mid June,and oviposited from early May to late June;the larvae emerged from mid May to mid July and the pupa emerged from mid July to late May of the next year.At the end of this paper,some preliminary measures to control this pest were proposed.


The present invention relates to a precursor for light collection and a manufacturing method for producing the absorbent layer, for manufacturing a solar cell the light-absorbing layer precursor aggregate comprising: containing copper (Cu) with a first chalcogenide; and comprising containing indium (in) and / or gallium (Ga) chalcogenide material of the second phase, wherein the solvent in the ink for manufacturing the light-absorbing layer, the aggregate precursor or more and 30% based on total weight of the aggregate precursor is divided into a first precursor containing phase and / or the second phase particle aggregates, or into individual particles having a first phase or the second phase.


Most people have heard of "Little Lord Fauntleroy" and "The Secret Garden", but many of them are unaware that the same woman wrote both books, 25 years apart, and was considered one of the leading writers in America. Exposed to the extremes of poverty and wealth, she survived two broken marriages and the death of a son. On the surface her life was extremely successful, but happiness eluded her. This book looks at her life and work.


Multicollinearity in multiple regression can lead to biased estimates of parameters and increase the risk of acceptance of the null hypothesis of the regression model as the variable is not significant. This study aims to estimate the bootstrap confidence intervals on the principal component regression models and compares the point estimates and confidence intervals classical principal component regression and bootstrap methods. One method that can be used to overcome multicollinearity is the principal component regression analysis. The principal component regression generate new variables that is a linear combination of independent variables between the original and the new variables that are independent. The principal component regression also produce estimates point. To measure the accuracy of the estimation that point, it can be used the bootstrap method,


Anderson. Marilyn. and Jonathan Garlock 1988 Granddaughters of Corn: Portraits of Guatemalan Women. Willimantic, CT. Curbstone Press. ISBN 0-915306. $19.95. 124 pp.

Annis. Sheldon 1987 God and Production in. Guatemalan Town. Austin. University of Texas Press. ISBN 0-292-72736-4. 127.40 hardcover. 197 pp.

Arriola de Geng. Olga 1989 Tenicas de Bordados en los Trajes Indigenas de Guatemala. (Embroidery Techniques in the Indigenous Clothing of Guatemala.) $16. Soft cover. 123 pp.

Linda Asturias de Barrios. Idalma Mejia de Rodas. and Rosario Miralbes de Polanco 1989 Santa Maria de Jesus: Traje. Cofradis. (Santa Maria de Jesus:Clothing and the Religious Organizations.) Guatemala: Ediciones del Museo Ixchel del Traje Indigena de Guatemala. 144 pp.,

Mejfa de Rodas. Idalma. and Rosario Miralbes de Polanco 1987 Cambio en Colotenango: Traje, Migraddn. Jerarquia. (Change in Colotenango. Clothing, Migration, and Hierarchy). Introduction and final chapters by linda Asrurias de Barrios. Guatemala: Ediciones del Museo Ixchel del Traje Indigena de Guatemala. 132 pp.

Boss. Gayle. and Cheryl Hellner. editors 1987 The Wounded Quetzal: Women and Weaving in Guatemala. Volume 2, No. 1. Washington, DC. Potter's House Press. $4.50. 31 pp.

Dermudez. Fernando 1986 Death and Resurrection in Guatemala. Introduction by Philip Berryman. Maryknoll, NY. Orbis Books. ISBN 0-88344-268. $8.95. 96 pp.

Carmack. Robert M. editor 1988 Harvest of Violence: The Maya Indians and the Guatemalan Crisis. Norman. University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 0-8061-2132- 7. $21.95. 334 pp.

Manz. Beatrice 1988 Refugees of. Hidden War: The Aftermath of Counterinsurgency in Guatemala. Albany. State University of New York Press. ISBN 08706-675-5 (doth) $46.50, ISBN 048706-676-3 (paper) $16.95. 283 pp.

Montejo. Victor 1988 Testimony: Death of. Guatemalan Village. Willimantic, CT. Curbstone Press. The author writes of his own experience as. teacher; now an exile. This publication paves the way for future ethnographies written fcy. Mayan people and not about them.

Painter. James 1987 Guatemala: False Hope, False Freedom. Preface by Rigoberta Menchu. London. Catholic Institute for International Relations, Latin American Bureau. Distribution in the USA by Monthly Review Foundation, ISBN 0-906156- 31-7 (encased) $24, 0-906156-31-9 (paper) $7.95. 134 pp.

Simon. Jean-Marie 1987 Guatemala: Eternal Spring, Eternal tyranny. New York. WW Norton & Company. ISBN 0-393-30506-6. $19.95. 256 pp.


Let e S be a closed (compact without boundary) oriented sur- face with genus g, and G be a group isomorphic to Z m , where p is a prime


Purpose To investigate the role of bone marrow mesenchymal cells in severe acute pancreatitis(SAP) in rat.Methods SAP model was induced by receiving intraperitoneal injection with caerulein and lipopolysaccharide(LPS).Rat MSCS were isolated and cultured in vitro,stained with Hoechst33258 and transplanted in rats.The level of plasma TNF-a and IL-6 was detected at 0.5,2,4,6,12 h after caerulein and LPS injection.The pathological changes of pancreas and lung,and the distribution of stained MSCS in pancreas lung and liver were detected at the same time.Results In comparison with control group,the plasma cytokine of TNF-α,IL-6 expression was suppressed,and lung wet dry ratio lowered at different time points after injection of MSCS.The injury of pancreas and lung was reduced.The difference of distribution of stained MSCS between these organs is significant.Conclusion MSCS have significantly protective effects in SAP of rat.


Sudden intense headache presents a great diagnostic challenge. A descision has to be made in the emergency setting whether this is the first manifestation or an exacerbation of a primary headache disorder or whether this might be secondary headache with respective diagnostic and therapeutic consequences. The differential diagnosis for acute headache includes cerebral hemorrhage and ischaemia, cerebral sinus venous thrombosis, meningoencephalitis, tumours, dissection of neck or cerebral vessels, and cerebrospinal fluid drainage deficiency. The emergency therapy is always symptomatic and generally consists of elimination of the respective headache cause. A differentiated clinical history and reasonable diagnostic testing is imperative for optimal patient care.


This article shows the possibility of using devices and equipment from the laboratory «Testing of tracks and artificial structures» of the Kazakh Academy of Transport and Communications named after M. Tynyshpayeva when conducting surveys and testing of bridges and diagnostics of the roadbed of railway embankments in order to ensure their safe operation. The instruments and equipment of the laboratory were used in the development of methods for vibrodiagnostics of the track superstructure, girder spans of railway bridges, and approach embankments to bridges, high railway embankments, and embankments on weak foundations.


Introduction : The prevalence of decubitus ulcers in Asia is amounted to 2.7%-16.8%, and in Indonesia, there was a 40% prevalence of decubitus ulcers in 2017. In 2017, the prevalence of decubitus in Bandung was found to be 10.8%. Consequently, the number of active cases and deaths of decubitus ulcers reached 48%. Therefore, efforts to reduce the number of decubitus ulcers are urgently needed, thereby preventing the risk of decubitus severity. Objective: To evaluate the correlation of serum albumin levels and stages of decubitus in inpatients at Dr. Soetomo Regional General Hospital of Surabaya Method: This research was successfully carried out by means of observational analytics, with a cross-sectional research design. Moreover, this research data were derived from medical record data of inpatients at Dr. Soetomo Regional General Hospital of Surabaya in the period of January 2018 – December 2020, with a total of 144,002 patients. 197 decubitus patients in Pandan I and Pandan Wangi rooms were involved in the sample selection process. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 57 patients were finally determined as research samples. Samples were selected by utilizing Simple Random Sampling. The number of samples in the case group and control group was amounted to 39 patients, respectively. The data of this research were then analyzed using the Spearman Correlation test. Result: The research results indicated that the least number of decubitus patients at stage I was amounted to 8 people (10.3%), and the highest number of decubitus patients at stage III was amounted to 12 people (15.4%). Furthermore, the results of the Spearman correlation test showed that there was a significant correlation of serum albumin levels and stages of decubitus (p = 0.002). Conclusion: There was a significant correlation of serum albumin levels and stages of decubitus in inpatients at Dr. Soetomo Regional General Hospital of Surabaya in the period of January 2018 – December 2020.


An approach of centralising the pressure alarm monitoring system of major cables in Sydney area is described. A microprocessor based monitoring unit has been designed and is to be installed at each exchange to collect pressure data from cables. This data logging function of the Exchange Monitoring Units allows the Central Control complex to perform other functions. The hardware and software features of the Exchange Units are also discussed.


【Objective】The external morphology and internal microstructure of compound eyes of Dendroctonus armandi Tsai et Li were observed to provide reference for studying the photoreception and lightselection mechanism.【Method】The morphological structure of adult D.armandi was observed using scanning electron microscope(SEM)and transmission electron microscope(TEM).【Result】The compound eyes of adult D.armandi were long ovals located on the lateral upside of head.The surface of the ommatidia was smooth and covered with interommatidial hairs.The compound eyes of female and male of D.armandi consisted of roughly 238-250 and 187-202 ommatidias,respectively.The interommatidial of female ommatidias was covered with corneal nipples.The ommatidias located in the central region of the compound eyes were typically hexagonal,while those located in the periphery of the compound eyes were often irregular,or in pentagonal and hexagonal shapes.The organization of compound eyes of D.armandi was typical cone apposition eyes.The ommatidium of compound eyes of D.armandi consisted of a cornea,a crystalline cone,two primary pigment cells,eight retinal cells and rhabdom,a number of secondary pigment cells and basement membrane.The rhabdom was intermediate between "open"and "fused"rhabdomeric arrangements of rhabdom.【Conclusion】Although male and female adults had the same structure,the resolvingpower and visibility of female were better.


Amorphous semiconductors in the system Ge 20 Se 80-x Bi x exhibit p-n transition in the electronic transport. This makes them an interesting class of amorphous semiconductors. Amorphous thin films of Ge 20 Se 74 Bi 6 prepared by flash evaporation in a vacuum of 10 -5 Torr were characterized using XRD, XRF, DSC, EPMA. Samples were irradiated with 75 MeV Ni ions at fluences varying from 5x10 12 to 10 14 ions/cm 2 . The ion induced effects on the properties of the unirradiated and irradiated films studied by measuring dc electrical conductivity, optical band gap and thermoelectric power. Dc electrical conductivity measured from 77K to 476K, optical spectra were recorded in the range 200nm to 800nm while the thermoelectric power measurements carried out using differential dc method in the temperature range 4.2K to 300K. Both the electrical activation energy and the optical band gap decreases with increasing ion fluence. The results thus obtained suggest increase in band tailing.


By wet pretreatment,the control terminal acidity of low grade materials containing selenium is 10g/L,the main impurity copper content is reduced from 5.25% to 0.67%.Under the optimum condition of pressure leaching,the control leaching pressure reaches 1MPa,the initial alkalinity is 100 g/l,reaction temperature is from125℃ to 130℃,the Selenium leaching rate reaches90.35%,recovery rate is 93.02%,the enrichments of gold and silver in reaching residue get 5.7 times and 5.7 times separately,and the grade 91.20% of selenium powder can be obtained from leaching liquor after reduction.


The fact that hardly twenty days after the end of the CivilWar the new law of protected housing was put into place prompts two types of reflection: the debates that the government in Burgos began about what the future of housing and social housing in particular, and depending on the results, the clashing and confrontations that occurred between the families central to the Regime.At a time when the investment in social housing was merely symbolic (the investments were set aside, according to autarchic politics, to the reconstruction of the rural areas as if they were a type of industry) what happened in Spain since 1955 cannot be reduced to a simple reference to "Falangist architecture".


Large star-like trace fossil was found on the upper bedding plane of nodular limestone of the Praha Formation (Pragian, Devonian) at Praha, Czech Republic. It was tentatively placed to the ichnogenus Capodistria. It is interpreted as a feeding trace that originated on the seafloor surface. The structure consists of 10–11 radial rays and its longer axis is 60 cm. The rays are preserved as concave epireliefs, up to 10 mm deep and 25 mm wide. The trace fossil partly intersects nodules that cover surfaces of most bedding planes of the Praha Formation, demonstrating that the nodules formed during the earliest stages of diagenesis.


This work presents the laser welding of dissimilar X12CrCoWVNbN12-2-2 and X10CrNi18-10 steels. This system is of interest, as laser welding offers new flexibility in the joining of metals and laser welds (LWs) and are usually of high quality; they are obtained only after the optimization of process parameters. The aim of the work was to investigate the microstructure, chemical composition, and hardness changes of laser-welded steels. After laser welding, two zones were generated in the processed materials: a fusion zone and a heat-affected zone. Due to solidification, a refinement of the microstructure occurred in the fusion zone. Examinations of the chemical composition of particular melted areas showed the occurrence of Nb-rich precipitations. The laser welding of steels led to increased hardness in the fusion zone (about 240–530 HV0.3).


A new disease (cashew leaf and nut blight) in Tanzania caused by a fungus related to the genus Cryptosporiopsis was identified in 2006. The present work investigated the effects of environmental factors on the growth of Cryptosporiopsis spp. causing blight on cashew. The mycelial growth, colony character and sporulation pattern of 10 fungal isolates, grown on seven different culture media namely, corn meal agar (CMA), malt extract agar (MEA), tryptone dextrose agar (TDA), potato carrot agar (PCA), water agar (WA), potato dextrose agar (PDA) and host leaf agar were observed after 10 days of incubation at 25±2°C. The colony diameter, culture characteristics and sporulation of the 10 isolates were greatly influenced by the type of growth medium used. The best mycelial extension was recorded in 12 h alternating light/dark followed by total light and total dark conditions, respectively. Seven media were evaluated for best growth of the fungi that is, Cryptosporiopsis spp. grew maximum on WA followed by host leaf extract media and PDA, respectively but least grew on the TDA medium. The growth ofCryptosporiopsis spp. was maximum in temperature range of 25 to 30°C. The most suitable pH level for growth of fungus was 7.0 and 6.0. These results will be useful for fungal taxonomic studies.

 Key words: Cryptosporiopsis spp., culture media, light, temperature.


Today's market volatility pushes organizations to evaluate continuously their organizational and competitive strategies in order to maintain their position in the marketplace in a successful and sustainable way. Such conditions have prompted organizations across industries to adopt Information and communication technologies (ICT) for effective supply chain management (SCM) and strategy Implementation (Gatignon and Xuereb, 1997). According to Salomon and Cohen (1999) ICT can be defined as group of technologies used to process, store and disseminate information, facilitating the performance of information-related human activities, provided by, and serving both the public at-large as well as the institutional and business sectors. These technologies are considered as critical enablers of organizational competencies and firm performance, becoming the cornerstone of firms operations across industries (Kumar, 2010). Such capabilities have revolutionized organizational computing over the past decade, qualifying ICT as the most important development in the corporate use of IT (Davenport, 1998). Several authors assert that ICT are associated with improvements in firm performance, principally by redesigning business processes, integrating managerial functions, accelerating reporting cycles, and expanding information capabilities (Mabert et al., 2003). Through the years it has been claimed That ICT offer a wide range of benefits for SCM such as; synchronization of procedures, applications, and metrics that span intra- and inter-firm boundaries; providing accurate, timely, and integrated information oriented to improve organizational decision making (Su and Yang, 2010). Some authors like Ward and Zhou (2006) claim that ICT positively affect SCM and improve supply chain performance, particularly strengthening buyer-supplier relationships through more efficient processes and reduced lead time. Much of these findings reflect the inherent capacity of ICT to impact organizational structure and firm strategy, whereas promote and disclose the importance of an integrative approach. The general idea behind this, according to Sheu et al. (2006) is that better IT capacities and better communication contribute to an enhanced platform for both parties to engage in supply chain coordination, participation, and problem-solving activities. This perspective has been positively accepted; on this matter, Bowersox et al. (1999) and Frohlich and Westbrook (2001) claimed that wider scope of integration with supply chain partners has a positive association with supply chain performance improvement. Finally, According to, Drucker (1998) and Lambert and Cooper (2000) the success of firms will depend firmly on its IT and managerial abilities to integrate and coordinate the intricate network of business relationships among supply chain members. In light of the aforementioned, this PhD thesis focuses on the role played by ICT within the supply chain scope, as a tool for enhancing supply chain management and developing innovative strategies based on Information integration; considering the necessary requirements that play a key role for such purposes. To that aim, the current research provides a vast and detailed theoretical framework which introduces the main concepts concerned with describing supply chain management, ERP systems and technology-supported strategic initiatives with a wide and complete literature review on these concepts. Further, it provides well-defined research methodologies to clarify the role of Information technologies on diverse Firm strategies. This PhD Thesis is oriented at organizations which have implemented ICT to support their supply chains management, this include any type and size of companies belonging to the private or public sectors, which have adopted ICT to coordinate, organize, and monitor operations, processes, resources, and activities. The overall and main objective of this PhD thesis is to examine the impact of ICT in supply chain management and firm strategy, exploring ICT potential and resulting benefits for supply chain initiatives and innovative ICT-enabled firm strategies. The individual scope of each chapter is described below: Besides the first and introductory chapter, this PhD thesis includes four more chapters in which we develop more specifically the central topic of this research, to finally conclude with a last chapter on conclusions, implication, limitations and future research lines. In chapter two, we present a comprehensive literature review on the main topics of this thesis. Firstly, the chapter introduces the concept of supply chain management (SCM), describing fundamental supply chain key processes and sub-processes at strategic and operational levels (Lambert et al., 2005). Furthermore, crucial aspects on supply chain integration, describing the set of approaches utilized to effectively integrate suppliers and customers (Arias Aranda et al., 2010). At this point, the chapter also introduces different strategies oriented for such purposes such as: supplier relationship management (SRM), customer relationship management (CRM), and demand supply chain management (DSCM). Secondly, chapter two presents the role performed by Information and communication technologies (ICT) in supply chain management. Principally, it describes features and functions of ERP systems as a tool for enabling efficient customer-supplier collaboration and coordination across the supply chain (Su and Yang, 2010). Furthermore, it introduces an innovative ICT advancement denominated the-internet-of-things (IoT), which promises to revolutionize multiple business sectors across industries (Miorandi et al., 2012). Thirdly, chapter two describes diverse strategic orientations or firm strategies aimed at generating market differentiation and value generation. Particularly, it´s analyzed the concept of Servitization and its strategic effect towards service provision in manufacturing firms (Oliva and Kallenberg, 2003). As well, it introduces the concept of smart services; an innovative strategy that allows the provisioning of customized and person-oriented healthcare services. In chapter three, we present the research methodology and findings of the PhD thesis. For such purposes, the chapter presents the methodological approach and the results emerged from (a) THE ROLE OF ERP BOLT-ON EXTENSIONS IN SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT; TOWARD A CUSTOMER-ORIENTED SUPPLY CHAIN, which following a single-case study methodology analyzes the features of Bolt-on extensions to customize generic ERP systems and extend the system capacity to consistently integrate customer and supplier information in highly customer-oriented supply chain initiatives. (b) THE IMPACT OF ERP OPERATIONAL BENEFITS ON FIRM COMPETITIVE PRIORITIES AND FIRM PERFORMANCE, which following an empirical analysis examine the effect of operational ERP systems benefits on both competitive priorities and firm performance. (c) A ROADMAP TOWARDS SMART SERVICES IN HEALTHCARE, which following a taxonomy of technologies comprised in the Internet-of-things (IoT) paradigm analyze the technological requirements necessary for the provision of custom-adapted-services, designed to meet specific users' requirements. Main conclusions arising from this PhD thesis focus on proposing a new integrative perspective in which the strategic potential of ICT to integrate partner's information (customers-suppliers) should be understood as a key element for developing future supply chain strategies. Moreover, main implications suggest that partner's information should be perceived as an important source of knowledge in product and service design and redesign, and new guiding principles should be defined to lead companies into innovative ICT-enabled strategies (Bustinza et al., 2010). To conclude, the present PhD thesis has been developed with a robust methodological approach. In this sense, every chapter provides detailed insights to understand the concepts presented, offering to the reader a comprehensive and coherent reading to assure a clear understanding of the overall objective of the study. In this way, this thesis attempts to contribute to the future development of management and information technology scientific literature.


Performance usually refers to how far one organization has undertaken its responsibilities or achieved its objectives and the levels of its effectiveness and efficiency it has performed.A set of practical methods of appraisal should measure the performance of the organization as unbiased as possible, constrained by the limited human and material resources.The broadcast and TV station overtakes the responsibility of propaganda as the news media in China;simultaneously it has to achieve its economic goals.In the study,taking the 12 broadcast and TV stations as examples,we use the methods of principal component analysis and clustering analysis to measure the performance of broadcast and TV stations.


We consider how the outputs of the Kadison transitivity theorem and Gelfand-Naimark-Segal construction may be obtained in families when the initial data are varied. More precisely, for the Kadison transitivity theorem, we prove that for any nonzero irreducible representation $(\mathcal{H}, \pi)$ of a $C^*$-algebra $\mathfrak{A}$ and $n \in \mathbb{N}$, there exists a continuous function $A:X \rightarrow \mathfrak{A}$ such that $\pi(A(\mathbf{x}, \mathbf{y}))x_i = y_i$ for all $i \in \{1, \ldots, n\}$, where $X$ is the set of pairs of $n$-tuples $(\mathbf{x}, \mathbf{y}) \in \mathcal{H}^n \times \mathcal{H}^n$ such that the components of $\mathbf{x}$ are linearly independent. Versions of this result where $A$ maps into the self-adjoint or unitary elements of $\mathfrak{A}$ are also presented. Regarding the Gelfand-Naimark-Segal construction, we prove that given a topological $C^*$-algebra fiber bundle $p:\mathfrak{A} \rightarrow Y$, one may construct a topological fiber bundle $\mathscr{P}(\mathfrak{A}) \rightarrow Y$ whose fiber over $y \in Y$ is the space of pure states of $\mathfrak{A}_y$ (with the norm topology), as well as bundles $\mathscr{H} \rightarrow \mathscr{P}(\mathfrak{A})$ and $\mathscr{N} \rightarrow \mathscr{P}(\mathfrak{A})$ whose fibers $\mathscr{H}_\omega$ and $\mathscr{N}_\omega$ over $\omega \in \mathscr{P}(\mathfrak{A})$ are the GNS Hilbert space and closed left ideal, respectively, corresponding to $\omega$. When $p:\mathfrak{A} \rightarrow Y$ is a smooth fiber bundle, we show that $\mathscr{P}(\mathfrak{A}) \rightarrow Y$ and $\mathscr{H}\rightarrow \mathscr{P}(\mathfrak{A})$ are also smooth fiber bundles; this involves proving that the group of $*$-automorphisms of a $C^*$-algebra is a Banach-Lie group. In service of these results, we review the geometry of the topology and pure state space. A simple non-interacting quantum spin system is provided as an example.


STAFF MEMBERS and graduate students in the I Counseling Center and Department of Educational Psychology, University of Utah, have gathered a large array of data related to counseling and testing activities. These data have been distributed to the faculty, administration and professional colleagues in a series of Counseling Center reports*, and have formed the basis for a number of administrative and counseling procedures in the General Education program, the Admissions program and in other University of Utah programs. Following is a sum mary of some of the most interesting findings. Al though the findings relate specifically to University of Utah students, it is felt that there may be con siderable generality in the findings which are sig nificant for other college student populations. The typical entering freshman at the University of Utah has an intelligence quotient (IQ) of around one hundred and fifteen, which is about average for American college students in general, but some what lower than the average for state universities. The typical graduating senior has an IQ of around one hundred and twenty-five, although about one graduate in fifty has an IQ below one hundred. How ever, five-sixths of University of Utah graduates come from the top fifth of the general population, intellectually speaking, and very few students ac quire higher professional degrees who do not have an IQ of at least one hundred and twenty. In recent years it has been c us tomary to break down general intelligence into its more specific fac tors. When the typical entering freshman is ana lyzed in this fashion, his strongest a b i lity is rea soning, followed by spatial ability, verbal ability, numerical ability, and finally clerical ability (which is but little better than that for the adult population at large). Those who emerge as graduating seniors are strongest in the area of v e r b a 1 ability, which suggests the crucial role of communications in the curriculum. I But even more important than general intellectual ability in determining who will succeed in this Uni versity are the student's high school record and his entrance test scores. Together they account for a bout half of what goes into college success as mea sured by grades. This raises the general question of the typical student's academic predictability. Pehlke's (6) recent survey indicates that while the typical entering freshman thinks it is agood ideafor us to administer entrance tests, so that he can make what is perhaps an "agonizing self-appraisal "of his scholastic potential, and thus be stimulated to do his best, he does not favor the use of these tests for ad mission purposes. The much more popular opinion is that all high school graduates should be allowed to enter college. This leads to what we may appro priately call our "wash-out" system. It means that while the typical freshman makes a passing average in his first quarter at the university, forty percent of his less typical friends fail to pass the first quar ter. Even more disconcerting is the fact that only a bout one in four of aspiring freshmen manages to graduate. The fact that about eighty-five percent of our graduates come from those freshmen who pass their first quarter in college attests to both the con sistency of students' academic performance and the consistency of their professors' grading practices. As a matter of fact, the entrance test data, combin ed with the high school average, pretty well indicate at the outset whether or not a person will suc c e e d in college. If he earned good grades in high school and achieved a high level of reading, writing and a rithmetic skill, he will most likely continue this pattern of success into college. Based on these cri teria of high school average and entrance test scores, the research indicates that no more than ten percent of the bottom fifth of an e nte r ing class can be expected to graduate, while more than forty percent of the top fifth will graduate.


Palpable lesions of the scalp and face are common in clinical practice. They are usually small and benign, and the lesions tend to be treated simply according to the clinical symptoms. However, radiologic evaluation is often performed to determine the exact type and location of a lesion to ensure appropriate management. Ultrasonography is useful as a primary and definitive modality for evaluating small superficial lesions. CT and MRI are better for characterizing soft tissue features and provide superior soft tissue resolution. This article discusses various lesions and their imaging findings of the scalp and face that may present as superficially palpable masses.


This article reviews recent empirical studies that examine the short- and long-term sequelae of physical child maltreatment (PCM). The current status of research examining the impact of PCM on children's development (e.g., medical, cognitive) and psychosocial functioning (e.g., psychiatric disorders, behavioral, interpersonal, academic, affective) is reviewed. Major findings are discussed in the context of pertinent qualifications of existing evidence. To encourage clinical-research advances in this area, recent developments and future directions pertaining to the areas of conceptualization, assessment/methodology, and intervention are described.


Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who have a difficult-to-treat condition (D2T RA) are often a burden to both patients and rheumatologists.The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors for failure to treat in patients with refractory conditions and to find them relevant to prevention.Patients with RA who were treated under treat-to-target (T2T) strategy more than one year were picked up. Their background characteristics such as sex, age, disease duration, anti-citrullinated polypeptide antibodies titer (ACPA), and disease duration, were collected, and their simplified disease activity index (SDAI) score, Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ) score, pain score measured with visual analog scale (PS), EuroQol 5th-dimensions score (EQ5D) were monitored every three months. Sharp/van der Heijde score (SHS) was calculated annually.Difficult-to-treat status was determined in according to the EULAR definition of D2T RA [1], and pre-D2T RA status was determined as follows: (Category-1) a failure history of one kind of action in biologic or targeted synthetic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drug (b/tsDMARD) and switched to another b/tsDMARD with other action mechanism or (Category-2) one or more of following status; mean SDAI score in recent three months exceeded 11 (MDA), three consecutive administration of glucocorticoid steroid no less than 7.5mg in prednisolone equivalent (GCS), rapid radiographic progression with 5 or more in SHS than last time (RRP), or decrease of EQ5D score less than -0.2 in recent 6 months (dEQ5D). Patients were recruited when Category-1 or -2 was matched in treating, and their results were determined in the last observation for each category. When second d/tsDMARD was failed until last observation in patient matched Category-1, the patient was judged as "failure", and the other patient was judged as "success". When Category-2 continued until last observation, the patient was judged as "failure", and escaped from the category, the patient was judged as "success". Risk factors for failure in background characteristics and monitored items in treating were evaluated for each category using binary logistic regression analysis.A total of 47 in Category-1 and 491 patients in Category-2 were recruited.In Category-1 matched patients, female were 83.0% and mean age was 71.3. Mean SDAI score, HAQ score, PS, EQ5D score, and SHS at failure of b/tsDMARD (baseline) were 15.5, 0.457, 40.1, 0.811, and 72.9, respectively. Numbers of the first b/tsDMARD were 32 TNF inhibitors, 8 IL-6 inhibitors, 6 abatacepts, and 1 JAK inhibitor. Numbers of the second after the first were 13 IL-6 inhibitors and 19 JAK inhibitors after THF inhibitor, whereas 3 TNF inhibitors, 2 abatacepts, and 3 JAK inhibitors after IL-6 inhibitor failure, 1 TNF inhibitor, 1 IL-6 inhibitor, and 4 JAK inhibitors after abatacept failure, and 1 TNF inhibitor after 1 JAK inhibitor failure. In these, success counted 18 and failure counted 29. Significant risk factors for Category-1 failure were higher ACPA, higher SDAI score, higher HAQ score, and higher SHS at baseline (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between drugs.In Category-2 matched patients, numbers of each status at first (baseline) were 455 MDAs, 20 GCSs, 17 RRPs, and 9 dEQ5Ds. Numbers in success and failure for each status at baseline were 315 and 140 for MDA, 16 and 4 for GCS, 9 and 0 for RRP, and 7 and 2 for dEQ5D, respectively. Significant risk factors for each failure status were higher mean SDAI score after baseline for MDA, higher HAQ score at baseline for GCS, and higher mean PS after baseline for dEQ5D (p<0.01).Clinical background factors besides disease activity such as ACPA, HAQ score, and SHS at baseline were important for preventing fall-in D2T_RA. However, most weighted factor was disease activity control after falling in MDA status. Tight disease activity control is the overriding factor.[1]Nagy G, et al. Ann Rheum Dis 2021;80:31-5.None declared.


A method for authentication of at least two via a data bus (13) coupled, agricultural equipment (10, 11), comprising the steps of: coupled each of the to the data bus (13), agricultural implements (10, 11) via a likewise to the data bus (13) coupled to said authentication device (12) subjected to automatically and independently of the or each other agricultural implement (10, 11) of an authentication (14, 15); then a direct exchange of data (18) or indirect data exchange (16, 17) between the successfully authenticated, agricultural equipment (10, 11) is automatically permitted, whereas a data exchange with a not successfully authenticated, agricultural implement (10, 11) is not allowed ,


The invention relates to the technical field of remote and large-area monitoring to realize low-cost and large-area remote monitoring. Through the technical scheme adopted by the invention, a monitoring device based on an unmanned aerial vehicle comprises a control panel system, an unmanned aerial vehicle system and a base station system; the control panel system is used for planning the flight mission of the unmanned aerial vehicle and carrying out operation and control on the flight attitude, flight path and effective load of an aircraft, and mutually communicates with a base station through an optical fiber; the unmanned aerial vehicle system mainly comprises an airframe, a flight control system, a data chain system, a launch and recovery system and a power supply system, and is used for completing touring and monitoring tasks according to commands of the control panel system; the base station is a medium for transmitting information between the unmanned aerial vehicle and the control panel, and also provides parking, charging and protection for the unmanned aerial vehicle; the base station system mainly comprises a main control module, two communication modules, an unmanned aerial vehicle protection module and a power supply module. The monitoring device mainly realizes remote and large-area monitoring of the unmanned aerial vehicle.


The Latin American Youth Center (LAYC) is a not-for-profit organization serving immigrant and minority youth in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area. LAYC seeks to help youth become successful and happy young adults by providing a comprehensive set of programs to meet youth where they are and help them build the skills they need to succeed and become change agents in their community. For additional information on LAYC, please visit our website: www.layc-dc.org


The development of applying database management applications is currently underway within Geographical Information Systems (GIS) applications in the Sultanate of Oman.The establishment of a national database management system in Oman is considered as the backbone that is required within the Geographic Information System project in Oman. The principal of the GIS project in Oman was built upon unifying the used software packages over the sultanate which is ARC/INFO as GIS Package and ORACLE as database management software. These packages are used within the different participating Ministries in the GIS project in Oman.The participating ministries will handle information that are shared between them. The shared information among the different ministries is the attributed data which is defined as descriptive information extracted from geographic features that usually existed on the topographic maps and the ministries maps (utility maps). The map features can be classified into different layers according to the principles of ARC/INFO GIS Package. Accordingly, the main objectives of this research paper is to explain the technique proposed for establishing a national database management system that can handle and manage the shared information amongst the participating ministries in the project. The proposed database design will be made using the ORACLE database management system. Moreover, the paper will handle a proposed idea for linking the geographic map layers with the corresponding attributed database in order to create Geographic Information System applications. As a Conclusion, it is Proposed that all the government GIS departments in the Sultanate will share the same information within a unique national database management which can be considered one of the major benefits in applying database management in the field of Geographic Information Systems.


"In a recent paper [same journal Ser. B 45 (1983), no. 3, 389–397; MR0752266 (85m:62236)], P. A. V. B. Swamy , J. S. Mehta and Iyengar modified the classical LIML estimator and proved the finiteness of the moments of their estimator. In this note, a further modification is introduced through a simple adjustment. This adjusted LIML estimator not only possesses finite moments but also overcomes certain limitations of the Swamy-Mehta- Iyengar estimator. A simple numerical example is provided to illustrate the various steps involved in the estimation process.''


This study explored how one third-grade teacher facilitated daily peer-led discussions around articles from a local newspaper. Two students were assigned to select and summarize an article, then lead a wholeclass discussion with the teacher's help. The teacher differentially scaffolded engagement with newspaper articles, adaptively responding to different pairs of student-reporters as he corrected comprehension failures and guided summarization attempts. The teacher played two main roles during the whole-class discussions: facilitating construction of meaning by acting as an intermediary between students and the complex texts, and supporting students' self-management of conversation by acting as a discussion moderator. Illustrative examples are provided and implications for practice are discussed.


For the rheumatoid elbow, many types of surgery are possiible, including synovectomy and total elbow replacement. Although some forms of elbow evaluation have been used, there has not been a good one for the rheumatoid elbow to date, and we have tried to make a functional evaluation form. It consists of pain (25 points), R.O.M. (30 points), synovitis (15 points), joint stability (15 points) and X-ray findings (15 points), a total of 100 points altogether. This evaluation form is introduced and its clinical application with respect to the long-term results of synovectomy is shown.


Seasonal changes in social organisation and distribution of impala were recorded over a one year period in the Jack Scott Nature Reserve, Transvaal. During the rut in April and May of 1971, there was a marked peak in the occurrence of single adult males, spaced out on breeding territories. Territorial males were aggressive towards male conspecifics and actively herded and courted females. At this time, social and spatial segregation of non-territorial adult and yearling males from the herds of females was noticeable, and reflected the activities of the territorial males. Impala favoured the ecotone between treeveld and grassland, and the home ranges of females apparently included the most favourable habitat. Males with territories on the periphery of the areas preferred by the female impala population would have little opportunity for mating. Territories were abandoned after the rut when most of the impala population changed their habitat usage, and moved distances of three to five kilometres to an area offering a greater quantity and variety of tree and shrub browse. Food, and not water, was considered to be the factor causing this dry season movement. Daily movements of impala within their home ranges were small, especially during the wet season. The considerable degree of differential distribution of male and female impala herds during the non-rut might partly reflect the relatively small population size. Some evidence suggested that a few adult impala males become territorial from about late spring, several months before the autumn rut. The level of sexual-territorial behaviour and attachment to territory during the spring-autumn period requires investigation.


The article describes theoretical principles and preconditions of developing advanced innovation systems and presents different theories and authors' approaches, which could provide growth of research in this field. The authors analyze integral parts of the national innovation system and forms of knowledge circulation within it. They underline the important role of developing processes of three leading institutional sectors of economy collaboration, i.e. state, business and science, which are known in literature as the 'triple spiral' model, depict its practical advantages and identify barriers on the way of creating the efficient innovation system through this model. The article puts forward a concept of the regional innovation system, which is close to the national one by certain characteristics and shows its key components aimed at raising national competitiveness, including by way of the cluster approach. Special attention is paid to innovation clusters as an effective form of attaining a high level of competitiveness through informal integration of institutional structures. Cluster policy is presented as a complex of steps which can raise efficiency of the Russian innovation system through development of competitive markets, increasing innovation character of different industries of economy, motivating initiatives in regions and stimulating closer interaction between state, business and science being the key components of innovation system of any country.


Dramatis Personae Foreword by Bill Press Prologue by Kevin C. Murphy Chapter 1: A Balkan Youth Chapter 2: The Making of an American Chapter 3: A Nation Comes Apart Chapter 4: A Damn Fool Idea Chapter 5: Mr. Prime Minister Chapter 6: Searching For Help Chapter 7: Battling the Past Chapter 8: Coup D'Etat in Belgrade Chapter 9: Taking on Slobo Chapter 10: Coming to Terms Chapter 11: A Turning Point Chapter 12: Trouble in Kosovo Chapter 13: Finally, Good News Acknowledgments Glossary What Happened To? About the Authors


PURPOSE: A system and a method for diagnosing an MS(Mobile Station) through the wireless transmission of a translated byte-code program are provided to present an OTAMD(Over-The-Air Mobile Diagnostic) system and method in a radio network composed of a plurality of MSs and a plurality of BSs(Base Stations). CONSTITUTION: If an MS subscriber judges that a diagnostic operation is required, the subscriber sends a diagnostic request message to request an OTAMD server to diagnose his/her MS(505). Receiving the diagnostic request message from the MS, the OTAMD server creates a diagnostic file(510). The diagnostic file is transmitted to the MS through the Internet in the form of a TCP/IP packet or through an SMS gateway in the form of an SMS message(515). If the diagnostic file is downloaded to the MS, the main controller of the MS executes data conversion and makes a translated byte-code application program executed in order to complete a diagnostic procedure(520). If the diagnostic procedure is completed, the main controller corrects a related hardware or software defect if possible. In case that defect correction is impossible, the main controller displays a defect report message on the screen of the MS and transmits it to a radio network. Finally the main controller deletes the translated byte-code application program(525).


Idiopathic retinal vasculitis, aneurysms, and neuroretinitis (IRVAN) is a rare idiopathic entity that most commonly presents in adults, most often in young healthy women. The disease usually presents in the third or fourth decade but has been reported as early as age 7. There are no known systemic associations. IRVAN can be preceded by anterior uveitis and/or vitritis. It is associated with multiple, leaking, tied-knot-like aneurysmal dilatations (Fig. 1) along the retinal arteriolar tree and optic nerve head that give rise to marked circumpapillary intraretinal lipid deposition (Fig. 2), irregular venous dilatation, and vascular sheathing; the aneurysms may either increase in number or spontaneously regress. The clinical course varies considerably with some patients having a benign selflimited form of the disorder and others progressing to severe ischemia progressing from the peripheral fundus to the macula. In these severe cases, vitreous hemorrhage and neovascular glaucoma can occur. The entire vasculopathy is also known to resolve spontaneously with disappearance of the macroaneurysms and inflammation. Malan and colleagues have documented an increase in the number and size of the aneurysms over a 19-month interval. Owens and Gregor reported a benign, self-limiting course, with the spontaneous involution of the arterial aneurysm and quiescence of retinal vasculitis. More recently, Sashihara et al documented a regression of aneurysms within a 6-month period of follow-up. The peculiar dynamics that took place in these case series were strongly suggestive of a migratory inflammatory process involving alternate segment along the vascular tree—an affected segment may weaken to a point at which under the influence of the intravascular hydrostatic pressure it dilates and acquires the typical fusiform appearance. Further weakening will cause the ectasia to attain a more saccular appearance. With resolution of the inflammation within the involved segment, the vascular wall strength may be regained, with


Highly Complex Chromosomal Rearrangements in Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: An Indian Experience
During progression of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) from the chronic to the accelerated phase and/or blast crisis, clonal evolution with nonrandom secondary aberrations such as +8, +Ph, i(17q), +19, -Y, +21, +17, and -7 are frequently observed. In 5-10% of cases with CML, variant or complex translocations (CT) are seen that may result in atypical fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) signal patterns. Complex chromosomal rearrangements (CCR) are rather rare, and the significance and frequency of different anomalies are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to identify the role of highly CCR (hCCR) in CML patients and also to determine the chromosomes and chromosomal regions which are involved in CCR at diagnosis and the frequency of nonrandom changes in a large series of 393 CML patients. Conventional cytogenetics was performed in 393 CML patients, out of that 8 patients showed highly complex chromosomal rearrangements. FISH and multicolor FISH (M- FISH) were also performed for complete characterization of karyotypes. More than three chromosomes were found to be involved in the hCCR. Minimum 4 and maximum 7 chromosomes were involved in hCCR. Besides chromosomes 9 and 22, most often involved in CCR were chromosomes 5, 10, 12 and 15 (x3); 1, 6, 11 and 17 (x2) and regions 5q, 10p, 12q and 15q (x3); 1q (x2). There were no recurrent complex translocations. Total 4 patients were treated with Imatinib Mesylate (IM), and only 2 patients showed complete hematologic response, whereas no cytogenetic response was achieved in any of them. Our data showed that the presence of hCCR is results in to poor prognosis. Therefore, we suggest that patients with variant translocations constitute a "warning" category in the imatinib era. The present findings also indicate the high genomic instability of the genome of malignant cells at chromosomal level. Precise determination of breakpoints involved in hCCR can give new dimension to the understanding of genetic mechanisms which may play role in leukemogenesis. The involvement of chromosomes other than 9 and 22 is not a random event but could depend on specific genomic features. The presence of several genes and/or miRNAs at the identified breakpoints suggests their potential involvement in the CML pathogenesis.


Periphyton communities are largely phototrophic benthic microbial biofilms that are important as primary producers and food sources. They are often used as monitors of ecosystem health and indicators of contamination in aquatic ecosystems. Moreover, owing to their microporous structure, complex composition and extracellular polymeric substances, periphyton biofilms are used to clean contaminated environments. This chapter describes the composition and structure of periphyton biofilms. After a summary of periphyton biofilm studies in recent years, two aspects are reviewed, based on our previous investigations. The first is to purify water and wastewater by periphyton biofilms and the second aspect is to explore the relationship among phosphorus release from sediments, cyanobacterial blooms and periphyton biofilms. The illustration of these two aspects of periphyton biofilms will assist researchers to understand the information that the inclusion of periphyton biofilms in aquatic ecosystems is practically significant to improve water quality ecosystem health and to maintain the sustainability of aquatic ecosystems.


Interpolation techniques for three types (univariate, bivariate, and map) of nonanalytic functions are described. These interpolation techniques are then implemented in scaled fraction arithmetic on a representative 16 bit microprocessor. A FORTRAN program is described that facilitates the scaling, documentation, and organization of data for use by these routines. Listings of all these programs are included in an appendix.


(optimal evaluation of experimental angioplasry procedures would allow real-time slmaslmnam usosmnn during the procedure wNhoul direct manipulation of treated aster al segments. To assess the feasibility and golly of transrenaus real-time IntravasCular ultrasound imagle during experimmtat angiaplany, I I consecutive adterwckrdic lilac artery segmenfa is rabbits were Imaged hefo2, during and after thermal or roavatle nl perfusion balloon aapoplasly. A 20-MHz iMravascvlr uhruuund catheter was positioned in the adjacent vein, and images were correlated with daft from quantitative rgtography and hlslelegk steadies . Images suitable for analysis were obtained at an I t sites .


Decision-making under uncertainty implies dealing with information about different choices and their consequences that is partial for the decision-maker. In front of uncertainty, either the decision can be postponed, waiting for complementary information or the decision can be only made on the available infor- mation, despite possible consequences on the decision. We propose a model to identify and structure needed information. Human factors are taken into consideration in this structure. Then, to process the collected infor- mation, we propose a Fuzzy Decision Support System (FDSS) which deals with uncertain information. In this approach, a sequence of decisions leads to a final choice, taking progressively into account new information whose role is to refine available information. Human representation and reasoning mode are imitated, respec- tively by fuzzy sets and fuzzy inference rules. We apply the proposed FDSS to a case study held on a ski resort. The results with this approach prove effective compared to those a naive decisional approach.


In this paper, an Improved Nonsingular Terminal Sliding-mode (INTSM) observer is proposed to estimate the speed of the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). The Nonsingular Terminal Sliding-mode (NTSM) not only inherits the good performance to track the state error, but also has the characteristic of limited time convergence. However, the conventional NTSM control law is too complex to apply in practice. The INTSM takes the thoughts of the fast Terminal Sliding-mode and uses a new nonlinear term to replace the conventional term. As a result, the new observer owns the characteristics of global fast convergence and simple control law. At last, the proposed method proves to be effective through the theoretical analysis and simulation test.


Being 2008 the European Year of the Intercultural Dialogue, the conditions for a great challenge of fashion design had been created. This challenge is translated in a proposal to the students of Clothing Design to develop a mini-collection of fashion clothes that explores the above subject, integrating of the diverse cultural aspects present in an increasingly global Europe, using music as a universal communication language. This project aimed at providing tools that allow pupils to integrate other inspirational aesthetic elements, besides fashion trends, in the development of differentiated products with potential success in the fashion market.


Simple Summary Caprine arthritis-encephalitis (CAE) is one of the most important and devastating viral diseases of small ruminants in developed countries. The disease spreads easily from one goat to another, and neither curative therapy nor preventive vaccinations exist to break the chain of infections. Hence, the only way to suppress the epidemic in a herd is to identify and cull infected goats. However, it is both costly and cruel as most of them remain apparently healthy for many months or even years, yet they constantly shed the virus. Therefore, many farmers decide to wean kids away from their infected mothers as soon as they are born and keep them in separation, feeding them on bovine or artificial colostrum and milk. Even though this approach is quite effective, it may be recommended only if it has no negative impact on kids' development. Therefore, we conducted the study which compared the development of kids weaned immediately after birth and kids kept with mothers. We showed that early weaning did not seem to have any detrimental effect on kids' health. On this basis, we conclude that this procedure may be an advisable alternative for those farmers who cannot afford to implement radical eradication program in their herds. Abstract A longitudinal study was carried out to investigate the influence of two different rearing systems of young kids on their development to sexual maturity. Kids born to small ruminant lentiviruses-infected (SRLV) female goats were split into two groups: the immediately-after-birth weaned group and the unweaned group. Kids' body weight (BWT) was measured before the first consumption of colostrum, and then at the age of one week, and one, two, four, and seven months. The relationship between the rearing system and BWT at each age was investigated using mixed linear models adjusted for potential confounders. The mean BWT of kids of the immediately-after-birth weaned group was significantly lower at the age of one week, one month, and two months, and then the difference became insignificant. The mean daily body weight gain (DWG) was significantly lower in the immediately-after-birth weaned group during the whole first month of life, but then DWG in both groups became equal. Crude mortality rate did not differ significantly between groups. This study shows that weaning kids immediately after birth does not appear to have any negative impact on kids' development except transient growth retardation, which is fully compensated until they reach sexual maturity.


By combining the information sender and information transfer, digital signature technology can ensure the integrity of information sent by sender in transmission process, and provide the sender's identity to prevent information sender from denying the implementation process. The concept and meaning of digital signature were pointed out, and the application of digital signature technology in e-commerce was discussed, finally the existing problems and countermeasures of application were analyzed.


The development of an aircraft industrial system is a complex process which faces the challenge of digital discontinuity in multidisciplinary engineering due to various interfaces between different digital tools, leading to extra development time and costs. This paper proposes an ontology-based system, aiming at functionality integration and design process automation, by Models for Manufacturing methodology principles. A tool-agnostic modelling, simulation and validation platform with Discrete Event Simulation and 3D simulation is enabled and demonstrated in a real case study. An ontology layer collecting the domain knowledge enables integration of the proposed system, accelerating the design process and enhancing design quality.


Until now, the association rule mining algorithm is still one of the core issues in the field of big data research. At present, there are many research related to association rule mining algorithms, mainly focusing on how to find frequent item sets and how to tailor rules, and based on this direction, there have been many classic algorithms, such as Apriori and FP-growth algorithms. However, most of the above algorithms process and analyze the entire data set, so that although related algorithms can be used to obtain the results, the results are not meticulous. To solve this problem, this paper proposes an algorithm, which first uses the k-means algorithm to perform cluster analysis on the data set to generate a specific number of clusters. Then, in different clusters, the association rules in each cluster are found by the improved Top-k algorithm combined with the correlation coefficient. By integrating clustering and the improved Top-k algorithm, the data set can be analyzed directionally to improve the accuracy and efficiency of the whole algorithm. And the final experiment shows that compared with the original algorithm, the running time is shortened by 14%.


aspect of the uterus a large vessel was seen running upwards to the placental attachment. This vessel was secured by passing a needle under it, armed with a ligature. Where the placenta was attached to the uterus the other bleeding points were tied, and the raw surface covered by drawing the left Fallopian tube and round ligament over it and fixing with catgut. At the bottom of Douglas's pouch, on the left side, there was considerable venous oozing, and, as it was not considered safe to control it by stitching, a gauze drain was introduced, and was subsequently removed in forty-eight hours. The abdominal wall was united in layers; three silkworm gut sutures, left long, were united after the gauze was removed, in order to complete the closure of the abdominal incision. The operation was well borne, and the woman made a smooth recovery. The specimen consists of the placenta and amniotic sac, containing a four-and-a-half months' foetus in good preservation. The feetus had probably escaped from the Fallopian tube during the first attack of severe pain in the middle of August, and the placenta had subsequently become implanted on the sigmoid colon, the posterior wall of the uterus, and the pelvic floor. The increased vascular development in the meso-sigmoid was a marked feature, as well as the development of a large vessel on the posterior uterine wall. The clinical history serves to emphasize the importance of avoiding what is not an uncommon mistake-namely, inferring that the passage of a decidual cast, accompanied by heemorrhage, is a uiterine abortion.


The attributed scattering center extraction is aimed to solve a high-dimensional, and highly nonlinear problem, which generates high complexity and memory requirements. To alleviate this difficulty, this paper proposes an attributed scattering center extraction method with improved orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP). Local optimization orthogonal matching pursuit (LOOMP) and alternative optimization are utilized to estimate parameters and reduce the dictionary dimension. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms the existing frequency-domain method in terms of runtime and memory requirements.


In the early 1950s a cartoon appeared in Punch depicting a British motorist able at last to resume touring the continent after World War II. The first scene shows a straight, tree-lined chaussée, with the driver saying to his passenger, 'Now for these lovely straight French roads'. In the next scene they quickly come to a barrier with the warning, 'Déviation 19 kilomètres'.


From the very beginning of their mission, the Jesuits, and only them among the religious orders present in China, used the teaching of the sciences as an aid to the proselytization of learned elite. With their integration into the bureaucracy as professional astronomers, as well as the advent of the Manchu dynasty, their role and the demands put on them underwent significant changes. Their scientific background and training also changed following the evolution of Jesuit colleges in Europe, rather than the evolution of European science as a whole. This paper discusses various understandings of the links between religion and science during the early Qing period, and especially during the Kangxi reign. It relies on various types of sources: Jesuit correspondence, and Jesuit works published in Europe; scientific textbooks written in Chinese (sometimes in Manchu) by the missionaries; other treatises written or compiled by Chinese scholars; and various essays in which they express their view on Western learning and the Jesuits' teachings. In considering these materials, two issues are addressed: to what extent and in what ways were religious convictions reflected in the Jesuits scientific writings in China? How did these convictions, and more generally religious issues, influence the reception of these writings at the imperial court and among Chinese scholars?


Ab initio molecular orbital methods were applied to various chemical and physical problems. The density functional theory were also used in some of the studies. Most of works were carried out under close collaboration with several experimental groups. In addition, new theoretical techniques in molecular electronic calculations were developed. The followings are the titles of the topics we have worked in the last year. A. Development of New Theoretical and Numerical Techniques in the Study of Molecular Structures B. Water Clusters and Their Complexes with Atomic Ions C. Structures and Vibrational Frequencies of Infinite Polymer Chains D. Structures and Reactions of Atomic and Molecular Clusters E. Accurate Studies of Excited States of Small Molecules F. Application of ab initio Molecular Orbital Methods to Experimentally Relevant Systems


Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvel. (Poaceae) is a perennial, high quality grass and is the dominant species in Songnen plain, China. Seed germination and seedling growth of Leymus chinensis were investigated under eight levels of salinity stress (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 300, 400, 500 mmol/L NaCl) and three temperature regimes (16/28℃, 5/28℃, and 5/35℃) and then after the salinity stress was removed. The results of a two-way ANOVA showed that salinity (including when the salinity stress was removed), temperature and their interaction significantly affected the seed germination and seedling growth of L. chinensis. The highest germination percentage was obtained under non-saline conditions, and with an increase of NaCl concentration, germination significantly decreased. Seed germination at the moderate temperature regime of 5/28℃ was optimal, with 25.3% of seeds germinating in 200 mmol/L NaCl. The salinity inhibition for seed germination was greatest at 5/35℃ when no seeds germinated above a concentration of 100 mmol/L NaCl while the salinity inhibition was lightest at 5/28℃. After 18 days, seeds were transferred from salt solutions to distilled water and those from high salinities (≥150 mmol/L), the seed germination recovered most quickly at 5/28℃, and slowest at 5/35℃. At 16/28℃, germination percentage increased with the pre-treatment NaCl concentration. At 5/28℃, germination increased between 0 to 150 mmol/L and then changed little when NaCl was more than 150 mmol/L. However, seed germination percentage increased from 0 to 100 mmol/L and then decreased from 100 to 500 mmol/L. Seedling growth was also significantly inhibited by salinities. Under NaCl stress, seedlings grew best at 16/28℃, moderately well at 5/28℃ and seedling growth was significantly inhibited at 5/35℃. Seedlings which germinated after being transferred to distilled water showed different growth patterns with different pre-treatment salinity and temperature regimes. At 16/28℃ and 5/28℃, root and shoot length increased with a pre-treatment NaCl concentration of 0-100 mmol/L but changed little when it was more than 100 mmol/L. At 5/35℃, the maximum values of shoot and root length occurred at 100 mmol/L NaCl, and then decreased when the concentration was over 100 mmol/L.


Asthma is the most common chronic disease observed in children. Severe asthma is a relatively rare condition in children. As different mechanisms play role in severe asthma, there are different phenotypes and treatment should be individualized. The utilization of biological treatments to patients identified to have type 2 asthma, according to the evaluation of the factors that contribute to the patient's asthma phenotype, has led to a significant improvement in the management of severe asthma treatment today. During the COVID-19 pandemic, current guidelines recommend continuing the biological treatments to the patients meeting biological agent usage criteria and to whom these treatments are effective. In case of active SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, biological therapy should be stopped until clinical improvement is achieved.


The article introduces the information push technology, and propose serve mode and the measure that take about developing information push service in library,and point out advice about it .