The alpha-2 adrenergic receptor (α2-AR) subfamily includes three different subtypes, α2A-, α2B- and α2C-AR, all believed to exert their function through heterotrimeric Gi/o-proteins. The present study was undertaken in order to investigate subtype differences in terms of cellular response and to explore other potential signalling pathways of α2-ARs.Evidence is provided for a strong Gs-protein coupling capability of the α2B-AR, leading to stimulation of adenylyl cyclase (AC). The difference between the α2A- and α2B-AR subtypes, in this respect, was shown to be due to differences in the second intracellular loops of the receptor proteins. Substitution of the second loop in α2A-AR with the corresponding domain of α2B-AR enrolled the chimeric α2A/α2B receptor with functional α2B-AR properties. Dual Gi and Gs coupling can have different consequences for AC output. Using coexpression of receptors and G-proteins, it was shown that the ultimate cellular response of α2B-AR activation is largely dependent on the ratio of Gi- to Gs-protein amounts in the cell. Also Gi- and Go-proteins appear to have different regulatory influences on AC. Heterologous expression of AC2 together with Gi or Go and the α2A-AR resulted in receptor-mediated inhibition of protein kinase C-stimulated AC2 activity through Go, whereas activation of Gi potentiated the activity. α2-ARs mobilize Ca2+ in response to agonists in some cell types. This response was shown to depend on tonic purinergic receptor activity in transfected CHO cells. Elimination of the tonic receptor activity almost completely inhibited the Ca2+ response of α2-ARs.In conclusion, α2-ARs can couple to multiple G-proteins, including Gi, Go and Gs. The cellular response to α2-AR activation depends on which receptor subtype is expressed, which cellular signalling constituents are engaged (G-proteins and effectors), and the signalling status of the effectors (dormant or primed).


funny and disturbing as he crept around and then manhandled her, stealing her watch only with extreme difficulty. Cloten, thoroughly a mummy's boy, gave his mother a long kiss in gratitude following her advice to spike Imogen's drink, and later physically forced a confession from the female Pisanio. An interlude featuring Posthumus dancing with dragged-up Italian prostitutes prompted another wave of walkouts. Yet even stripped of most of the Folio text, Shakespeare's play survived. Carl Grose's sing-song poetry, the cross-dressing and the frequent direct address were sometimes reminiscent of pantomime, sometimes of simple folk storytelling. Cymbeline became myth rather than history, and drew on the childlike simplicity of stories such as Hansel and Gretel for its emotional resonance. In the opening scene, a chorus built shrines to a multitude of lost children, with teddy bears, flowers, and Polaroid photographs. The theme of childhood was echoed in the program notes, where each cast member provided a picture from his or her own childhood. Beneath the silly jokes lurked a desperately sad play that appealed to fundamental feelings of loss, nostalgia, and broken bonds. As a result, the climax—which saw Cymbeline tucking his rescued children into bed—felt fitting, the restoration of family prioritized over the reunion of lovers. Any production that can prompt both walkouts and standing ovations deserves to be included in a review of the best and worst productions of the decade; and the production's ongoing influence is testament to its importance. In reclaiming and reinventing Cymbeline, Kneehigh also set a new bar for the contemporization of Shakespeare on the Stratford stage. This was no travesty, but one of the most evocative retellings of Shakespeare in some years.


There were many things to consider during Helen Bromley's latest visit to Haseltine, not least what to do with the school's boundary wall…


Inoculation fade,which is caused by too long time staying in ladle after inoculation treatment,results in the present of mottling and chill structures in castings and degrades the mechanical properties of castings.Experiments were carried out on replace the 75% ferrosilicon by using silicon barium compound as inoculant in the same condition and comparative studies on the mechanical properties and the influence on eliminating chill tendency,the ability of graphitization and anti-fading,the sensitivity of section size tested by step bar were performed.The casting stress test frame was used to test casting stress during solidification.Results showed that silicon barium compound inoculant had advantages such as long effect of inoculation,low speed of fading process,low chill tendency.And it can improve the graphite form thus raise the comprehensive mechanical properties of the castings and reduce the production costs.


Let G be a (p, q) graph. Let f : V (G) → {1, 2, . . . , k} be a map. For each edge uv, assign the label gcd (f(u), f(v)). f is called k-prime cordial labeling of G if |vf (i) − vf (j)| ≤ 1, i, j ∈ {1, 2, . . . , k} and |ef (0) − ef (1)| ≤ 1 where vf (x) denotes the number of vertices labeled with x, ef (1) and ef (0) respectively denote the number of edges labeled with 1 and not labeled with 1. A graph with a k-prime cordial labeling is called a k-prime cordial graph. In this paper we investigate 3- prime cordial labeling behavior of union of a 3-prime cordial graph and a path Pn.


Recently, multimedia, especially animation, has played an important role in language learning. It has made a significant contribution to the language learning process of the hearing impaired for learners of all ages, especially the 3D animation of virtual teachers in computer-assisted language learning applications. Researches on viseme in various official languages and 3D facial animations have emerged in various countries. This paper has done lots of work in order to created Chinese Shaanxi Xi'an Dialect viseme data base by lip viseme analysis. Series of lip visemes frame data was gained by processing this dialect images and videos taken by camera. The classification of the lip viseme of this dialect also made based on the lip viseme classification of Mandarin. This work has great significance to create realistic 3D facial animation of this dialect.


This paper presents results of a study on the development of an integrated design and structural evaluation procedure for thin asphalt pavements. The procedure incorporates geotechnical design features, pavement design and evaluation, and the assessment of the reinforcing effect of geosynthetics in unbound road bases. The methodology uses the strain at the bottom and surface of the asphalt layer, the compressive strain at the top of the bound road base, the stress state at mid-depth of the unbound road base, the strain at the bottom of the bound road base, and the vertical compressive strains at the top sub-base and subgrade as design criteria. For the design of structural overlays, the load-carrying capacity of the pavement structure is expressed by the so-called Modified Structural Number, SNC, to circumvent the tedious procedure of backcalculation of layer stiffness moduli. An especially developed software tool called 'QUASAR' enables easy and very quick use of the multitude of equations to assess the structural condition of asphalt roads and to determine the required strengthening.


Tropical diabetic hand syndrome (THDS) is an acute complication that mainly affects patients with diabetes living in the tropics. The cause is usually unknown, but it is often preceded by minor trauma to the hand. Other risk factors for TDHS are poor glycaemic control, poorly treated wounds, malnutrition, and diabetic neuropathy. Early signs include swelling and ulceration of the hand. It can rapidly progress to sepsis and may further worsen, leading to deformity, disability, and amputation. If not treated promptly, death may occur. Unlike diabetic foot ulcer, TDHS often goes unreported. Here is a case of a 39-year-old female and a known patient with diabetes who presented to the outpatient department with swelling and tenderness of the left hand, along with foul-smelling purulent discharge. It began after the patient peeled off a patch of scaly, thickened skin over the distal part of their middle finger. Investigations showed high blood sugar and slightly increased leukocyte count. The patient was started on antihyperglycaemic medications and intravenous antibiotics. Urgent surgical debridement was done, which led to amputation of the middle finger. Thereafter, the patient showed significant improvement and was discharged with follow-up instructions. This case report emphasises the importance of timely intervention in cases of tropical diabetic hand syndrome, and the need for adequate patient education on this issue.


Abstract Red snapper Lutjanus campechanus and gray snapper L. griseus support valuable sport and commercial fisheries. Because of their high market value and limited commercial harvests, these species are prime candidates for aquaculture and stock enhancement. Development of culture techniques for snapper species has been attempted over the past 30 years, but use of gonadotropic hormones with mature, wild-caught red snapper remains the most reliable method for inducing ovulation and producing eggs that can be fertilized. In this study, procedures for sperm collection, handling, and refrigerated storage were developed to improve strip-spawning techniques for these snapper species. Use of refrigerated sperm allows efforts to be focused on maintaining female broodstock, monitoring of ovarian development, and increasing efficiency during the strip-spawning process. Sperm were collected from male red snapper (n = 199) and gray snapper (n = 83) captured in the recreational fishery during the summers of 2000 and...


A review of friction theories relevant to the interaction between magnetic-recording-device components (hard, inelastic materials) and viscoelastic, polymeric materials used in the manufacture of flexible, magnetic tape is presented. Tabor's classical theory of adhesion with appropriate deformation and shear-strain rates, as well as Hegmon's theory of hysteresis friction, adequately describes the frictional behavior. Other sources of adhesional friction are stiction, meniscus, and microcapillary evacuation. For magnetic-recording-tape applications, the adhesion component of friction is responsible for the major part of the observed friction, except near the softening temperature for the magnetic-coating layer, where the loss tangent becomes very high, or in the case of rough surfaces for which hysteresis friction is significant. From a magnetic-tape design standpoint, the real area of contact (which directly affects adhesional friction) can be minimized by increasing the complex modulus of elasticity of t...


Abstract: One of the objects of the philosophy studies is the nature. The thought of the nature  runs continually  to the things beyond the nature (metaphysics) and eventually comes to a conclusion that the existence of the nature must be in process. The philosophers argued that all things created must be in process, namely the process of emanation. The implication of this argument is that the nature is qadīm , because it was created by God since qidam and az ā lī . This argument was opposed by the theologists ( mutakallimīn ). They said that the nature was something new and its existence was from nothing. These two different theories are supported by the dalīl s of the Qur'an. Their interpretations on the verses of the Qur'an gave the opportunity to result in different argument. The reason is that the use of the terms in the Qur'an, which  refer to the meaning of creating, is various, moreover when    referring to the proposition which rejects the existence of the  synonims in the Qur'an. Therefore,  eventhough the meaning of the term " khalaqa, bada'a and fatara is "to create", each this single word has its own substancial meaning. Kata Kunci: Alquran, filsafat, penciptaan alam, khalaqa, bada'a, fatara


The aim of this paper is to present certain activities of school librarians that contribute to students' critical and research view of the world. The freedom to choose the content and the design of many different activities in the school library enable students not only to learn, but to acquire new knowledge in a different way, through independent research. In that way, students accept the school library as a great place to start lifelong learning, acquiring knowledge and interdisciplinary competencies at school. By marking the anniversaries of famous scientists, we provide students with the opportunity to discover data and connect new facts with existing knowledge and experience and get to know the school library and other contents, not only literature.


Thermoelectric power generation provides us the unique capability to explore the deep space and holds promise for harvesting the waste heat and providing a battery-free power supply for IoTs. The past years have witnessed massive progress in thermoelectric materials, while the module-level development is still lagged behind. We would like to shine some light on the module-level design and characterization of thermoelectric power generators (TEGs). In the module-level design, we review material selection, thermal management, and the determination of structural parameters. We also look into the module-level characterization, with particular attention on the heat flux measurement. Finally, the challenge in the optimal design and reliable characterization of thermoelectric power generators is discussed, together with a calling to establish a standard test procedure.


This article focuses on the influence of courts and the achr in the social construction of childhood and children's rights. Using critical discourse analysis, it explores the meanings and understandings of childhood and children's rights that emerge from the judgments of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights on family care, custody, adoption, deprivation of liberty and detention conditions. From this analysis, I argue that the iachr constructs a normative notion of the child according to which she is understood as being between the categories of human being, human becoming, subject of rights and object of protection and a concept of children's rights according to which these are primarily thought of as their right to receive special measures of protection. The tensions between this complex view on childhood and a paternalistic approach to children's rights reveals the need for a children's rights specific international human rights law instrument for the Inter-American human rights system.


The paper contains a short presentation of some models of material continua with microstructure applying the methods of differential geometry. Two main kinds of microstructure are considered: dislocation, disclination, and unholonomic defects in plasticity, nematic liquid crystal as an example of oriented medium. The aim of this presentation is to illustrate the effectiveness of the methods of differential geometry in construction of the theory of microstructural media.


The purposes of this article are to analyze the conditions of using instructional strategies and using gender sensitive instructional strategies at engineering classes of K University. Qualitative analysis methods were adapted. To achieve the purposes, 35 hours of engineering classes from 11 professors from 9th to 20th of November 2009 were videotaped and analyzed. The research findings were discussed by the checklists for general and gender sensitive the instructional strategies which were recommended for the managing the better classes. Students are influenced by professors not only knowledge and skills but also values and attitudes. Professors who take gender sensitive instructional strategies are expected to give good influence the women students.


This article elaborates compatibility of ASEAN's value with that of the idea of Indonesia-Malaysia borderland governance based on connectivity and common prosperity. It compares the basic value of ASEAN's regime on amity on the one hand, with that of the borderland governance on the other. The result shows that the two concept are compatible on the surface but contradict to each other in the deeper layer. The idea of Indonesia-Malaysia borderland governance together with ASEAN Connectivity could potentially replace the nature of intra ASEAN relationship of solidarity to business partner.


Current progress is described in the calculation of nonsteady boundary layers connected with internal flows for the purpose of discovering the principal wall erosion mechanisms. A time-dependent system of equations describing the laminar and turbulent viscous layer is solved numerically by means of an alternating-direction-implicit (ADI) scheme for prescribed transient and streamwise-varying core flow conditions. Validity of the method is demonstrated by comparison of present results with those obtained by previous analyses. Earlier calculations of compressible turbulent flow cases showed that high heat fluxes at the wall due to turbulence and changing core conditions could bring about severe temperature rise at the wall. Present results indeed display a marked rise in wall temperature which may cause melting and ablation, and hence erosion of the surface.


Objective To investigate the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma(PPAR-γ)and the effect of rosuvastatin on thoracic aorta remodeling in spontaneous hypertensive rat(SHR). Methods Sixteen SHRs were randomly divided into SHR group (n=8) and rosuvastatin(ROS)group (n=8). Eight age-matched male Wistar-Kyoto(WKY)rats were taken as controls.The animals were sacrificed after eight- week treatment.The ratios of media thickness to lumen diameter(MT/LD)and media area to lumen area(MA/ LA)of thoracic aorta were measured by computer image analysis.Serum levels of interleukin-6(IL-6),tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,all high sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP)were detected by ABC-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The mRNA and protein expression of thoracic aortic PPAR-γwere detected with real-time-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot,respectively.Results Systolic pressure in 10-and 14- week SHRs were significantly higher than that in 6-week SHRs(both P0.01).But there was no significant difference in systolic pressure between rats of different ages in both WKY group and ROS group(all P0.05). Systolic pressure in SHR group were significantly higher than thos in WKY group at the age of 6,10 and 14 weeks (all P0.01),while systolic pressure in ROS group were significantly lower than that in SHR group at the age of 10 and 14weeks(all P0.01).Serum levels of IL-6,TNF-αand hs-CRP in SHR group were significantly higherthan those in WKY group and ROS group(all P0.05),so were MT/LD and MA/LA(all P0.01).Compared with SHR group,the expression of PPAR-γmRNA and protein of thoracic aorta were significantly increased in ROS group and decreased in WKY group(all P0.01).Conclusion PPAR-γis likely to be related to vascular remodeling.Rosuvastatin can increase the expression of PPAR-γand improve vascular remodeling so as to inhibit inflammatory reaction in SHRs.


This study aims to describe the Implementation of the Center Learning Model which was carried out in the Group B Kindergarten Labschool STAI Bani Saleh, residential Taman Kartini Bekasi. Using descriptive qualitative research methods. Data collection uses interviews, documentation, and field notes. Components observed consisted of; philosophy of the implementation of the center model, the strategy of implementing the center model, media of facilities and infrastructure in the implementation of the center model, the role of the teacher in the Implementation of the Center model, the policy of implementing the center model, and the evaluation of the center model. The results showed that TK Labschool STAI Bani Saleh had implemented the learning center well according to the rules set.


It is an honor to be invited here to present a paper at the International Symposium, "A Contemporary Approach to Understanding the Qur'an: the Example of Risale-i Nur." I must admit from the start that I am not an expert on the thought of Bediuzzaman Said Nursi, and that I understand my presence at the symposium more as a "learner" than as a "scholar" on the subject. I look forward during these days to deepening my own understanding of the Qur'an as approached and interpreted by a great modern Muslim thinker, Bediuzzaman Said Nursi.As a Christian believer reading the voluminous writings of Said Nursi, I find many attitudes and viewpoints expressed with which I immediately resonate. I have discovered in the writings of this committed Muslim thinker so many points of contact with my own faith in the One and Only God, as well as so many areas where I find myself wishing that I had known Said Nursi in person, so that I could have asked him questions and profited from his responses.My task in this brief presentation is not to survey the broad outlines of the thought of Said Nursi nor to list the many areas where he offered new and valuable insights, but to look precisely at one topic, that of "Muslim-Christian Dialogue and Cooperation in the Thought of Bediuzzaman Said Nursi." Over the years, and even at moments of great tension between Christians and Muslims, such as during the First World War and the following years, Said Nursi was a seminal thinker on the question of Muslim-Christian dialogue. His insights are valid for our own reflection, and many of his insights on the subject are only now bearing abundant fruit within the Muslim and, I hope, Christian communities of believers.


Willian Nothdurft explores how European countries help their small and medium-sized firms successfully export their products and provides practical, policy-orietned guidance for those responsible or providing export assistance in tough economic times.


Explosions and large impacts are dangerous to structures due to their high force and impulsive nature. When combined with the effects of extreme temperature, the structure can be pushed to its limits, which could result in a catastrophic failure. The research presented here is a preliminary investigation into this largely unexplored design scenario, focusing primarily on the effects of low exposure temperature and high strain rates on concrete materials. The primary purpose of the research was to experimentally determine strength increase factors that incorporate the combined effects of low temperature and high strain rates on the compressive behaviour of concrete. A total of eighteen 101.6 mm x 203.2 mm (4" x 8") concrete cylinders were tested in uniaxial compression under static and dynamic strain rates at the University of New Brunswick. Static loads were applied by a compression machine and dynamic loads were applied by a drop mass impactor. The specimens were exposed to four different temperatures from +20°C to -70°C by means of placing them in a regulated freezer or a dry ice environmental chamber to cool. The vertical strain of the specimens during testing was determined by using Digital Image Correlation (DIC). A high-speed camera was used to monitor the dynamic tests. Stress – strain curves were generated for all static and dynamic samples, allowing for direct comparisons of peak stress and strain between the test conditions. Design equations and relationships between the dynamic increase factor (DIF), temperature increase factor (TIF) and combined increase factor (CIF) are presented.


In the spring of 1922 a remarkable encounter occurred between the world's most prominent scientist and the world's leading philosopher of time. Einstein delivered a lecture on Relativity Theory to the Société Française de Philosophie in Paris, and Henri Bergson, in attendance, was among the French scholars invited to give some response. The exchange was subsequently published in the Society's Bulletin. In this exchange Bergson declines to enter into a discussion of his own peculiar (mis)understanding of the special theory but instead concentrates on a defense of absolute simultaneity and the unity of time. His arguments are novel and repay careful scrutiny.


Strengthen the role of university laboratory in the shaping the talent,research and public services,to effectively improve laboratory performance,has become the primary concern of university laboratories and management departments.The construction of a good or bad directly affect students' ability to solve practical problems.Follow the principle of scientific evaluation,performance evaluation index system,the rational design of a full review of the laboratory building performance,and conclusions into the laboratory through to integration,is an important way to improve the laboratory building.


The invention discloses a transformer auxiliary device. The transformer auxiliary device comprises a first rope and a second rope. One end of the first rope and one end of the second rope are connected with the bottom face of a transformer, the other end of the first rope and the other end of the second rope are connected with a first disk and a second disk respectively, steel balls are placed in the first disk, sand is placed in the second disk, a first conical hopper and a second conical hopper are arranged under the first disk and the second disk respectively, a lower end opening of the first conical hopper is connected with one end of a first guide pipe, the other end of the first guide pipe is connected with a warning device, a lower end opening of the second conical hopper is connected with one end of a second guide pipe, and the other end of the second guide pipe is connected with a display device. The transformer auxiliary device has the advantages that the transformer fault detection warning device is designed reasonably, the efficiency for detecting whether the transformer vibrates or not is high, and whether the transformer vibrates or not can be monitored in real time.


Provided are a medicine container and a corresponding medicine taking reminding system. The medicine container comprises a container body, a medicine taking detecting unit, a control unit and a first communication unit, wherein the medicine taking detecting unit, the control unit and the first communication unit are placed on the container body. The container body is used for storing medicine. The medicine taking detecting unit is used for detecting the time for a patient to take the medicine and outputting the medicine taking time. The control unit judges whether the patient takes the medicine on time according to the received medicine taking time of the patient and a preset medicine taking time and generates a medicine taking time signal. The first communication unit gives out the medicine taking time signal to remind the medicine to take the medicine on time. Due to the fact that the medicine container is provided with the medicine taking detecting unit so that the medicine taking time of the patient can be detected, when it is found out that the patient does not take the medicine on time, the medicine taking time signal is generated to remind the patient to take the medicine on time, and the fact that the patient does not take the medicine on time according to doses can be effectively avoided.


This paper presents a comparative study of fractional Fokker-Planck equations with various fractional derivative operators such as Caputo fractional derivative, Atangana-Baleanu fractional derivative and conformable fractional derivative. The new iterative method has been successively applied for finding approximate analytical solutions of the fractional Fokker-Planck equations with various fractional derivative operators. This method gives an analytical solution in the form of a convergent series with easily computable components. The behavior of solutions and the effects of different values of fractional order are shown graphically for various fractional derivative operators. Some examples are given to show ability of the method for solving the fractional Fokker-Planck equations.


The utility model relates to a portable multifunction rapid sterilizing device, which is composed of a power supply box, the top of which is provided with the socket of the ultraviolet lamp tube and the reflective cover of the lamp tube, and the front portion of the power supply box is sheathed with an ultraviolet protecting cover.


Inverter (200) to a load (290), wherein the inverter: a filter component (260) comprising a transformer having a primary winding (262) electromagnetically coupled to a secondary winding (264) is coupled, wherein a primary flow (263) through the primary winding (262) flows, and wherein a load current (265) flows through the secondary winding; a pulse start component (210) which receives a first input signal (212), which is characteristic for the primary stream (263), the pulse start component (210) generates a first output signal (214) as a result of a zero crossing (301) of the first input signal ( 212); a pulse duration component (220) which receives a second input signal (222), which is characteristic for the load current (265) and a third input signal (224) receives, which is characteristic of a DC input voltage (201), wherein the pulse duration component (220), a second output signal (226) generated in response to the second and third input signal (222, 224); marked by a time delay component (230), the DC input voltage (201) and the ...


The rate constants for quenching of the singlet- and triplet-excited state of acetone and a cyclic azoalkane by the hydrogen donors tributyltin hydride, 1,4-cyclohexadiene, and 2-propanol have been determined by time-resolved spectroscopy. It is concluded, in variance with previous studies, that singlet-excited states are significantly more reactive than triplet-excited states and that the reactivity difference between the two states of different spin multiplicity increases (i) with decreasing reactivity of the hydrogen donor and (ii) with increasing singlet−triplet energy gap of the excited state. This result is corroborated by semiempirical calculations. The relative efficiency for photoreduction by tributyltin hydride, which was determined by monitoring the formation of tributyltin radicals upon flash photolysis, was found to be four times lower for singlet-excited acetone than for the triplet state. The discrepancy between higher reactivity but lower efficiency in the intermolecular interaction of n,π...


The hyporheic zone is a hotspot for biogeochemical cycling where interactions with mineral metals preserve the release and biodegradation of organic matter (OM). A small fraction of OM can still be exchanged between localized sediments and the overlying water column, and recent evidence suggest there exists a longitudinal structuring in sediment dissolved OM (DOM) chemistry across the continental United States (CONUS). In this study, we tested a hypothesis that water extractable sediment DOM chemistry could be explained by sediment metal contents and integrative watershed scale features at the CONUS scale. Crowdsourced samples were characterized for high resolution mass spectrometry and coupled with sediment metals determined via x-ray fluorescence as well as with land cover and soil elemental information obtained from national databases


Abstract
Drawing on the theoretical framework of human rights and Rights Based Approach (RBA), it is argued here that a lack of educational programs for remand inmates in Canada is a violation of their right to education. Reviewing correctional education research, associations between educational programs, recidivism and life outcomes, and a successful correctional education program in Toronto, this paper provides recommendations for policy change that must be enacted to remedy the human rights violation currently occurring in detention centres.


Numerical thermal history modelling has become a core approach used for interpretation of low-temperature thermochronometry data. Modelling programs can find rock time-temperature (t-T) paths that ...


The medial surface of a solid object provides useful shape information which compliments existing model mpreserrtation schemes. The medial sulfate and its associated topological entities am defined and the major aspects of art algorithm for computing the medial surface of a large class of B-rEp solids is then presented. The algorithm is based on the domain Delaunay triangulation of a relatively sparse distribution of points which are generated on the boundary of the object. This strategy is adaptive, in that the boundary point set is retimed to guarantee a co~ct topological reptwen-tat ion.


Since the introduction of the Ballast Water Management Convention, ballast water treatment systems are required to be used on ships for processing the ballast water to avoid spreading bacteria or o ...


Since early works of cyclic plasticity, it was observed that stress-strain cycles of large amplitude imposed on the cold-worked specimens of metallic materials produce cyclic softening. Korbel and Bochniak proposed the improvement of a method for plastic forming operations conditioned by cyclic loading. The experimental investigations led to the identification of shear banding as the basic mechanism responsible for plastic softening. A new approach to the theory of plasticity describing the discussed above phenomena is proposed and an example illustrating its predictive power is presented. In particular, the parameters controlling cyclic loading under torsion: the amplitude of the cycle and its frequency are related with the microscopic model of shear banding.


In this paper,unmodified C5 and C9 petroleum resins were directly melted together with natural rosin in preparing cationic rosin size emulsion.The effects of the petroleum resins on the stability and sizing performance of the cationic rosin size were investigated.By means of XRD and XPS,the function of the petroleum resins in rosin sizing was analyzed.The results showed that petroleum resins decrease the short-range-order domains of rosin size and reduce the carboxyl groups on the interface of rosin size and aqueous solution during emulsification.However,the introduction of petroleum resins can not enhance the emulsification ability of rosin sizes.Efficient sizing is developed when the cationic rosin size and aluminum sulfate are added at the dosage of 0.8%~1.0% and 1.5%~2.0%,respectively.


Mean atomic weight Amean of So³tmany (L6, S2, W0) ordinary chondrite, various L6 chondrites such as: Jesenice, Girgenti, Leedey, Bruderheim, Holbrook and Modoc, as well as LL, L and H chondrites has been determined using literature data on chemical composition of the meteorites. Relationship between mean atomic weight and Fe/Si atomic ratio for ordinary chondrites has been established. It was shown that So³tmany's Amean = 23.97 is close to mean atomic weight of L chondrites Amean = 23.70, and is close to mean atomic weight of L6 chondrites Amean = 24.06±0.16. It has been established that So³tmany's Fe/Si atomic ratio (Fe/Si = 0.588) is close to Fe/Si ratio for L6 chondrites (Fe/Si = 0.598). This means that So³tmany belongs to L6 chondrites, as previously classified. Using discovered by the author (Szurgot, 2015) dependence between mean atomic weight and uncompressed density of planetary matter it was established that grain density of So³tmany meteorite should be equal to 3.56±0.12 g/cm 3 , which is about 4% lower than previously estimated by porosity data. Mean atomic weight of extraterrestrial minerals present in ordinary chondrites and in So³tmany meteorite have been also determined.


The phytoremediation potential of two plants Linum usitatissimum (flax) and Callistephus Chinensis (China aster) was evaluated for their ability to accumulate copper in contaminated soil substrate under laboratory conditions. The results showed that the total amount of copper was accumulated significantly more in L. usitatissimum than C. Chinensis. The maximum highest accumulation of copper in L. usitatissimum was found of 280 mg kg-1 at copper concentration 2520 mg kg-1 in soil substrate. In both plants, the roots accumulated primarily higher amounts of copper compared to the amount translocated in the shoots. Phytoremediation research also includes the assessment of copper toxicity and stress caused in plants. The physiological parameters can be used to assess copper-induced stress such as germination and biomass production. Low toxicity symptoms in L. usitatissimum are indicated as an increase in biomass production in relation to increasing copper concentration along with low sensitivity in seed germination. The toxic effects of copper in C. Chinensis include the inhibition of germination as well as the reduction of biomass production at increasing copper concentrations in soil substrate. Our results indicate that the mixed culture of L. usitatissimum and C. Chinensis can be considered effective for the phytostabilization of copper from contaminated soil with low copper concentration. Key-Words: phytoremediation, Linum usitatissimum, Callistephus Chinensis, copper, germination, biomass production


The authors have made a preliminary investigation of the R?ntgen radiation proceeding from a crystal of rock salt (which is of the simple cubical form) when a pencil of R?ntgen radiation is incident in a direction nearly grazing one of the three sets of mutually perpendicular cleavage planes. Reflection of X-rays by the Cleavage Planes. - Using a very narrow pencil of radiation, it was seen that the principal secondary pencil was one obeying the laws of reflection from the cleavage planes. A pencil diverging in all directions from a point source produced a corresponding reflected pencil of radiation converging to a line focus after reflection from a set of parallel cleavage planes. The quality of the radiation forming the secondary pencils was shown both by the photographic and by the ionisation method to be, not the fluorescent X-radiation, but of the kind previously described as scattered X-radiation. It was approximately of the same penetrating power as the primary radiation, and was approximately homogeneous, having traversed 5 mm. of rock salt in the case investigated. Interference Fringe Systems. - A diverging pencil of radiation was directed on to a crystal so that various portions were incident on the cleavage planes at different angles. A photographic plate showed the relative intensity of the corresponding reflected radiations. It was seen that the intensity of the reflected pencil varied periodically with varying angle of incidence, the maximum being separated by intervals corresponding to approximately equal increments in the value of cos ?, where ? was the angle of incidence on the reflecting planes. Such a series of maxima may be explained by interference of the pencils reflected from equal spaced parallel planes, the maxima being spectra of various orders. The wave-length, calculated on the assumption that these are planes passing through corresponding portions of molecules in the planes of cleavage, and that a molecule is simply NaCl, is found to be 0.6 ? 10-9 cm. If the molecule be more complex, the calculated wave-length would be greater. This value thus agrees remarkably well with the value (between 1 and 2 ? 10-9 cm.) calculated from the velocity of ejection of electrons by this X-radiation, taking this to behave as ultra-violet light of short wave-length. Using a more extended source the above spectral lines became indistinct and disappeared, but there appeared a periodic variation in intensity, the band-width being about four times the distance between the above lines. Such a system of interference bands would be produced by a second plane of reflection within the molecules in a position dividing the distance between the other planes in the ratio 1: 3 approximately. All the evidence considered indicates that these effects are due to interference. Various crystals were used, and one was turned through a right angle so that another system of planes acted as reflecting planes. The only experiment made up to the time of writing on the effect of varying the penetrating power showed a 25 per cent. smaller band-width with a radiation of increased penetrating power. Further experiments are, however, being made. Finally, there can be little doubt that the fringe systems are interference fringe systems. That the smaller system is a series of spectra of different orders and the other an interference band system seems probable; this theory certainly explains the results observed up to the time of writing.


The method of utilizing iron and steel sludge completely in making steel and realizing zero exhaust includes compounding the iron and steel sludge into material with carbon content 0.5-2 times that for reducing iron oxide and basicity 0.5-1.5, mixing, forming, drying, roasting reduction to form alkali spongy iron, smelting, making steel and other steps. The present invention uses iron and steel sludge directly in smelting, simplifies the sludge treating apparatus and realizes the zero exhaust in very low cost.


BACKGROUND
Vedolizumab (VDZ) is effective for treating both adult and pediatric onset IBD. Clinical outcomes, however, have been reported to be superior in patients naïve to anti-TNF. With the growing interest in endoscopic endpoints, we aimed to describe rates of mucosal healing in pediatric patients being treated with VDZ and examine the influence of anti-TNF on outcomes.

METHODS
We conducted a retrospective review of all IBD patients ≤21 years of age who initiated VDZ and underwent endoscopy. Primary outcome was mucosal healing (composite of endoscopic (SES-CD and Mayo score UC) and histological remission (Nancy index-UC and CD histologic activity). Descriptive statistics summarized the data. Comparisons were made for endpoints based on anti-TNF exposure using univariate testing.

RESULTS
Sixty-eight patients were included in the final analysis; 35 with UC and 33 with CD. Thirty-two patients (22 UC and 10 CD) were anti-TNF naïve and 36 patients (13 UC and 23 CD) were anti-TNF exposed. The median duration on VDZ prior to endoscopic assessment was 49 (IQR 32-73) weeks. A total of 38% (25/66) of patients met the primary outcome of mucosal healing and did not differ between anti-TNF naïve or exposed. Endoscopic remission was achieved by 51% with significantly more anti-TNF naïve patients reaching this endpoint (66% v. 40%, p = 0.03). Histologic remission was achieved by 42% of patients with a non-significant trend towards improved histologic remission rates in anti-TNF naïve patients (52% v. 33%, p = 0.13).

CONCLUSION
VDZ is associated with mucosal healing in pediatric IBD. Anti-TNF exposure significantly impacted endoscopic remission, but not histologic remission in children on VDZ.


Notification-based authentication is an emerging Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) and passwordless solution that leverages interactive notifications on mobile devices to establish an additional layer of security beyond passwords. This method has gained popularity due to its convenience and ease of deployment in organizational settings. In this work, we aim to evaluate the effectiveness of notification-based authentication systems when a malicious entity is present on the user's computer, such as a keylogger or malicious extension, without compromising the mobile devices or communication channels. Furthermore, we investigate how the lack of information provided to users during the authentication workflow can lead to the approval of malicious authentication requests. Notably, we highlight the vulnerability of cross-service attacks, where an attacker authenticates to Service B while the user is attempting to authenticate to Service A. Our proof-of-concept attack program demonstrates the susceptibility of various notification-based authentication systems, and our user study reveals an alarming 82.2% cross-service attack success rate. These findings suggest a potential vulnerability in notification-based authentication systems, where the attacker compromise user account without compromising possession-factor device, such as smartphones.


The effect of the molecular weight and acrylonitrile (AN) content of the styrene-acylonitrile copolymer (SAN) on the morphology, mechanical, and rheological properties of SAN/chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) blends was studied. The interaction between dispersed particle and matrix is expected to be optimal at the 25% AN content of SAN. Phase inversion from a dispersion to a continuous phase appears to occur above 50 wt % CPE. Mechanical properties increased with molecular weight at a constant AN content of SAN. Morphological, mechanical, and rheological properties were more sensitive to the AN content, rather than the molecular weight of SAN. q 1998 John


The effectiveness of Threat Image Projection (TIP) as an element of the Screener Proficiency Evaluation and Reporting System (SPEARS) for checked baggage screening with the CTX 5000 is evaluated. The CTX 5000 combines computed tomographic imaging and automated detection of explosives. This complex system requires that screeners learn to skillfully discriminate innocent bags that cause the system to alarm from genuine threats. Testing is designed to determine the effectiveness of TIP in meeting the critical operational issues described in this plan. Specifically, is TIP effective in improving and maintaining screener performance in the detection of improvised explosive devices? Can the performance of individual screeners be monitored effectively with TIP? The testing will be conducted at airports where the CTX 5000 system is currently located.


We present a new discrete integrable coupling system by using the matrix Lax pair U, V ∈ sl(4). A novel spectral problem of modified Toda lattice soliton hierarchy is considered. Then, a new discrete integrable coupling equation hierarchy is obtained through the method of the enlarged Lax pair. Finally, we obtain the Hamiltonian structure of the integrable coupling system of the soliton equation hierarchy using the matrix-form trace identity. This discrete integrable coupling system includes a kind of a modified Toda lattice hierarchy.


Summary of some of the results of a recent study of the reliability and range of validity of two-dimensional plate theories in application to low-frequency free vibration analysis of simply supported, bidirectional, multilayered plates consisting of a large number of layers. These results show that for composite plates the error in the predictions of the classical plate theory is strongly dependent on the number and stacking of the layers, in addition to the degree of orthotropy of the individual layers and the thickness ratio of the plate.


Hood is a kind of automotive body panels, the dent resistance of which is one of the most important quality indices and characters. Based on the parameters of a certain car of China, the theory of dent resistance, the system of test and evaluation on dent resistance are briefly introduced, and optimization on dent resistance of hood is done by the method of CAE numeric simulation.


Evapotranspiration (ET) and net ecosystem exchange (NEE) are driven by both high and slow frequency scalar fluxes. Quantifying the variation of these two processes at different timescales remains a challenge. Bridging this knowledge gap is crucial in order to improve insights of the impact of biotic and abiotic factors modulating these fluxes as well as for accurate estimation of gross primary productivity (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (Re). This issue was addressed using a model–data fusion approach within a Bayesian framework by running the model against ET and NEE observations at three different time steps: subdaily (30 min), daily (1 day), and intermediate (7 days). The model was tested against eddy covariance data collected for a 2‐month period (June and July) from a sagebrush‐steppe ecosystem in the United States. The 95% credible interval (CI) of fast processes such as transpiration and photosynthesis reduced by more than 90% compared with its a priori range when model was run at 30‐min time step. The reduction in CI of the same parameters varied between 30% and 70% when the model was run at 1‐ or 7‐day time step. The 95% CI of slow process such as root respiration reduced by 89% and 73% when model was run at 7‐day and 30‐min time step, respectively. We found strong confidence in predicting ET and NEE at subdaily timescale, whereas uncertainty increased with increase in temporal resolution. GPP and Re varied strongly as the system transitioned from a traditionally wet (June) to a dry (July) month.


Abstract : If we are to realize the vision of the future Army as a globally deployable strategic force the Army must maintain technological supremacy. A gargantuan task considering the dramatic conclusion to the cold war has resulted in significant reductions in defense spending and sparked debate about more severe reductions in the future. The purpose of this paper is to examine how the U.S. Army is emerging to meet this challenge through a science and technology program that has: -- greater emphasis on acquisition of knowledge over hardware. -- early and continuous involvement of Warfighters via Battlefield Laboratories. -- increased use of technology demonstrations.


Campi Flegrei and Vesuvio volcanoes are only about 25 km apart, located on opposite sides of the densely inhabited area of Naples (Italy). Since neighbouring volcanoes may influence each other's activity, it is of great interest to identify signs of any mutual interaction between Campi Flegrei and Vesuvio, or at least note coincidences in their recent deformation dynamics. After a large uplift, Campi Flegrei was generally subsiding from 1985 to 2001, while it has been uplifting—probably driven by deep magma inflation—at an accelerating rate since then. Here, we analysed the ground displacement in the whole Vesuvian area and its surroundings around the early 2000s using 1993–2010 ERS/ENVISAT ascending- and descending-orbit line-of-sight displacements obtained through the Small BAseline Subset Differential Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry technique. Although ground deformation is slow—a few millimetres per year—Empirical Orthogonal Function analysis shows a sudden trend change around 2001. Pre-2001 velocity maps confirm previously published results: subsidence mainly occurred inside the caldera rim—probably because of the sliding and compaction of young incoherent materials—and in a few spots around 10 km from the summital crater; eastward displacement occurred in a lobe east of Vesuvio, and westward displacement occurred in a lobe west of Vesuvio, as in the case of the spreading of the volcanic edifice and/or extensional tectonics. We attribute the subsidence spots to the previous high local number of new buildings per year. Post-2002 velocity maps provide evidence of a very different scenario: general subsidence in the whole Vesuvian area, westward displacement in a lobe east of Vesuvio, and eastward displacement in a lobe west of Vesuvio. This last arrangement of the ground displacement field is made even clearer by subtracting the post-2002 velocity from the pre-2001 value. The results of our analyses are consistent with the deflation of a deep pressurised source. Additionally, Vesuvio's deep seismicity decreased at the beginning of 2002. The coincidence between the transition from deflation to inflation at Campi Flegrei and the onset of deflation below Vesuvio may suggest the possible transfer of magma and/or magmatic fluids between the two plumbing systems.


The present invention is directed to a pattern forming method, comprising:
applying, to a substrate, a resist composition of which solubility in a positive developer which is an alkali developer increases and solubility in a negative developer containing an organic solvent decreases upon irradiation with actinic rays or radiation, so as to form a resist film;
exposing the resist film; and
developing the resist film with the negative developer,
wherein the resist composition contains a resin having a monocyclic or polycyclic alicyclic hydrocarbon structure and being capable of increasing a solubility of the resin in an alkali developer and decreasing a solubility of the resin in an organic solvent under an action of an acid, and
the resin contains at least one member selected from the group consisting of a repeating unit having an alicyclic hydrocarbon-containing partial structure represented by any one of the following formulae (pI) to (pV):
in formulae (pI) to (pV), R 11 represents a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group or a sec-butyl group;
Z represents an atomic group necessary for forming a cycloalkyl group together with the carbon atom;
R 12 to R 16 each independently represents a linear or branched alkyl group having a carbon number of 1 to 4 or a cycloalkyl group, provided that at least one of R 12 to R 14 or either one of R 15 and R 16 represents a cycloalkyl group;
R 17 to R 21 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl group having a carbon number of 1 to 4 or a cycloalkyl group, provided that at least one of R 17 to R 21 represents a cycloalkyl group and that either one of R 19 and R 21 represents a linear or branched alkyl group having a carbon number of 1 to 4 or a cycloalkyl group;
R 22 to R 25 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl group having a carbon number of 1 to 4 or a cycloalkyl group, provided that at least one of R 22 to R 25 represents a cycloalkyl group; and
R 23 and R 24 may combine with each other to form a ring.


Introduction. There is a confusion in the literature about the value of baby hip sonography to detect DDH. One of the reasons is, that different examination techniques with different results are used and the final results are mixed up. Materials and methods. The principles of the "Graf technique" with well-known common mistakes are described with the typing as a mirror of the pathoanatomical situation in the joint and compared with the other techniques. Results. According the German Quality Commission in 48% a wrong anatomical identification of the echoes leads to a wrong diagnosis. Checklist I (anatomical identification) and Checklist II (usability check) are necessary absolutely. The reason, why modified or other techniques leads to overdiagnosis or wrong diagnosis are pointed out: No standard plane, tilting effects, age not taken into account, no differentiation between instability and elastic wiping etc). More than 25 years general screening in some countries demonstrate the success: Operations as well as conservative treatment rate and costs dropped down dramatically. Conclusions. Hip sonography is not hip sonography. A special licenses after a training course in the technique by authorized teachers is necessary to keep the standard high. Sonograms must be comparable and independent from the experience and skill of the examiner. Modified or other techniques are not the standard of today and in some countries forbidden. Screening depends from the health systems in different countries also. But prevention is better than operation.


In the Winter 2002 issue of Forest Nursery Notes, we initiated a series of articles on seeding quality testing with a discussion of the popular root growth potential test. In the Summer 2003 issue we reviewed aspects of the cold hardiness test. In this third installment, we will discuss dormancy what it means, how it can be measured, and how it can be practically used in forest and conservation nurseries.


Impact of changing climate on the marine ecosystem of the Baltic Sea Th e Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI) is leading an international eff ort to calculate the combined eff ects of changing climate and changing nutrient loads on the Baltic Sea ecosystem. NSC has recently acquired a new HPC resource named Kappa. Havsvattenståndets förändring för 13 svenska mareografer sedan 1886 där eff ekten av landhöjningen tagits bort (källa SMHI). Observed cyanobacteria bloom 2008 (European Space Agency, satellite image processed by SMHI).


...................................................................................................................... iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................ v DEDICATION .................................................................................................................. vii TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................. viii LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................... xiii LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................................... xvi CHAPTER 1– A RACIALLY STRATIFIED CANADA .................................................. 1 1.


The "library-college" concept was an idea that had a brief ascendancy over a decade or two in the field, and then receded not long after Shores wrote this 1975 article, to be replaced by the more modest objectives of providing library instruction for college students. Shores was an influential library professor and library historian. He was an advocate for instruction in library resources, and he founded the journal now known as Libraries and Culture


Many reinforced buildings were damaged by the Hygoken-Nanbu Earthquake of 1995. In order to clarify the actual state of carbonation of the concrete and the chloride ion content in concrete of buildings in the Hanshin area, the depths of carbonation and the amount of chloride ion were measured in 117 concrete samples that were obtained from 97 damaged buildings. The effects of carbonation depth and chloride ion content with regard to the corrosion of steel were also investigated. The measured carbonation depths were wildly scattered, with some of the concrete being heavily carbonated. The amounts of chloride ions in old river sand concrete were small. Large amounts of chloride ion were found mixed with sand, that came not only from the ocean but also from rivers, in the buildings that were built between 1960 and 1978. This chloride ion was thought to be induced through sea sand and an admixture. The concentration of chloride ions in concrete were small for buildings that had been constructed after the regulation of the amount of chloride in concrete that was instituted in 1986. A great deal of the steel embedded in the carbonated concrete was severely corroded. The degree of steel corrosion tended to increase with an increase in the amount of chloride ion as well as carbonation depth.


A method combining the neutron transportation and the computational
method of neutron coincidence probability related to time is presented. This method is
used to perform numeral simulation for detecting a hypothetical nuclear warhead fission
events induced by external low energy neutron source. The feasibility of verifying nu-
clear warhead by active coincidence neutron detecting is studied. The results show that,
using external neutron source with energy less than 1 MeV, the coincidence neutrons
counting rate is one order of magnitude higher in the model of nuclear warhead than that
of a fake nuclear warhead, which has the same configuration but with natural uranium
core replacing high enriched uranium core. Therefore, the method of coincidence detec-
tion could be used in authenticating the attribution of nuclear warhead.


In order to research the relationship between the yields of rice plants and soybeans and the climate, the writer studied the variations of climate among years and of growth of rice plants and soybeans, which had been observed at Morioka (from 1926 to 1955).The results are summarized as follows1) The Variation of climate was different in each year and time. The variation of the mean air temperature with year was the smallest of the measured meteorological elements, and that of the amount of precipitation was the largest. Seasonally, the variations of elements were the largest in the first 20 days in July (Table 1).2) Owing to Tables 3 and 4, there were close relationships between the yield of rice plant and air temperature and number of hour with sunshine. Especially, it was rational consideration to show the limits of the Mean value of climate.3) The yield of soybeans had the delicate relationship with not only air temperature and sunshine but also amount of precipitation. It was larger than the standard deviation of yield of rice plant.4) There were close relationships between the dates of first appearance of mean air temperature of more than 20°C and dates of head sprout of rice plants, and also between number of days of the mean air temperature of more than 20°C and the yield of rice plants. (Fig. 1, Fig. 2)5) Generally the yield of soybeans was similar to rice plant excepting the fact that the bad harvest of soybeans was due to the extreme drying or wetness of flowering day which did not exist for the case of rice plant (Fig. 2).


This research is based on the research curiosity about speech acts and speech events that occur in interactions with traders and buyers in vegetable shops. From the background of the research, a problem statement can be drawn, namely how do speech acts and speech events occur at the interaction of traders and buyers at the vegetable shop? This study intends to find out the speech acts and speech events that occur in the interaction of traders and buyers in the vegetable shop. The method used is a qualitative descriptive method with the object of the research is the interaction of vegetable traders and buyers in a shop near residential areas of residents. The subjects of this study are speech acts and speech events that occur in the interaction of traders and buyers. The results of this study show conclusions, namely the variety of uses of language variations in the form of speech acts and speech events conducted by traders and buyers when interacting.


Using the technique of analytic continuation, we derive analytical solutions to the problem of a screw dislocation in a three-phase strip. The two traction-free boundaries of the strip are perpendicular to the two perfect interfaces formed by adjacent materials. The screw dislocation can be located anywhere in the composite strip. Elementary expressions for the image force acting on the screw dislocation are obtained. When the strip is extremely thick, our solutions simply recover those in the literature. Our solutions allow us to observe some very interesting and quite unexpected phenomena concerning the mobility and stability of the screw dislocation interacting with the aforementioned interfaces and boundaries.


This paper discusses a discourse by Frederick Cottrell in the 1912 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, which analyzed the formation of the Research Corporation, an organization that was in many ways a forerunner of the modern university technology transfer offices of today. The Research Corporation and university technology transfer offices present contrasting methods of encouraging university science; however, both encounter problems that have attracted significant academic comment. The impact of the Research Corporation decreased with the passing of the 1980 Bayh-Dole Act, a piece of legislation that encouraged technology transfer from within U.S. universities, a direction that Cottrell had deliberately eschewed 68 years previously. The Bayh-Dole Act has influenced university technology transfer protocols across the world; however, many believe that the conflicts first described by Cottrell detrimentally affect the culture and norms of academic research today. This paper first explores the historical context of Cottrell's initial thesis, second analyzes the Bayh-Dole Act, the decline of the Research Corporation, and the rise of the university technology transfer offices, third reviews the literature concerning the intrinsic barriers to university technology transfer, and finally proposes that the intrinsic barriers will lessen as universities continue to evolve toward a more commercial approach to a difficult societal role.


Objective: to discuss the factor influencing doctors' job burnout, and formulate the effective prevention and relief countermeasures. Method: 230 doctors from each clinical department of a Grade 3 and Class A hospital in Jingzhou City were chosen as the objects of investigation, and Maslach Burnout Inventory was used for questionnaire survey. Some doctors were chosen for in-depth interview. Statistics and analysis of the questionnaires and interviews were carried out. Results: in the job burnout of doctors from a Grade 3 and Class A hospital in Jingzhou City, severity rate of emotional exhaustion was as high as 51.3%, significantly higher than that of emotional alienation and low sense of job achievement. Relevant influencing factors include social support, work pressure source and work pressure intensity. Conclusion: the occurrence rate of doctors' job burnout is high, and job burnout can be prevented and relieved from such aspects as gaining social support, creating favorable work environment, enhancing humanistic care and cultivating sense of profession. Job burnout refers to individual state of physical and mental fatigue and exhaustion generated under heavy work pressure. Doctors' responsibility is to heal the wounded and rescue the dying and they bears psychological stress heavier than common people. Besides, the long working hours and heavy workload aggravate doctors' physical burden. Under multiple pressures, doctors lose job enthusiasm, treat people indifferently and have low self-expectation and self-evaluation. To improve medical level and reduce medical risks, 230 doctors from each clinical department of a Grade 3 and Class A hospital in Jingzhou City were chosen as the objects of study.


The genetic diversity in three wild rice species and bamboo, cultivated rice and O. longistaminata were assessed, and compared by ISSR method to determine their phylogenetic relationships, discuss the evolution direction of three kinds of Yunnan wild rice. The results indicated that a total of 464 alleles were detected among all the materials by 33 strips of ISSR primers, 14.1 polymorphic bands were amplified of the average of each primer. Rich genetic diversity existed in the three wild rice species at the aggregate level. The number of polymorphic loci(Np), the percentage of polymorphic loci(p), the effective number of alleles(Na), observed number of alleles(Ne), Nei 's genetic diversity index(H)and Shannon index(I)were 357, 76.74%, 1.7694±0.4217, 1.3391±0.3637, 0.2037± 0.1851 and 0.3180±0.2532. The coefficient of gene differentiation(Gst)was 0.0968 among the three wild rice species while the gene flow(Nm)was 0.4627, which shown that the gene exchanged at low level among three wild rice species and the genetic divergence was relatively high among rice varieties. UPGMA cluster analysis revealed the evolutionary process of three wild rice, O. meyeriana differentiats first, following by the O. Officinalis, O. rufipogon differentiats at the latest.


The purpose of the Social Plan Guidelines is to manage large-scale retrenchments and ameliorate their effects on employees. In this study a comprehensive literature review and two case studies were conducted to review the theoretical and practical application of the Social Plan. The research findings identified various challenges that inhibit the effective management of retrenchments. These challenges were analysed and interpreted and a new model to effectively manage retrenchments was developed. The new model is centred on a company's business plan; the concept is a participative performance-driven governance approach between management and employees focusing on business results. The new model suggests that the employment relations management and corporate social investment of an organisation be utilised as vehicles to manage retrenchments effectively.


Traditional Knowledge is unique form of intellectual property which is owned by the community through successive generation as part of their cultural identity. This area of IP is very prone for
exploitation causing damage to the economic rights of the members of the community at large. A sui generis approach is needed for the protection of TK. The present article helps in understanding the idea and scope of Traditional Knowledge (TK), word intellectual property organisation, Traditional Knowledge Digital Library.


Poll surveys were undertaken in France to determine attitudes in regard to family set up followed by further surveys on the steps necessary to increase or decrease the number of births. These types of questionnaires were found to place the people questioned in a difficult position in that they have no idea of the measures envisioned by the public authorities and fear the nature of any government intervention into these matters. This situation came to light in view of the number of "nonreplies" received to the questions posed. A more pedagogical type of questionnaire which would explain the type of solution available to the public authorities would ensure less restricted data and a larger percent of the population freely participating in the formulation of population policy. Comparison of the information obtained by these 2 types of questionnaires would also allow the measurement of the influence of this type of "nonresponse" on public opinion.(AUTHORS MODIFIED)


Use of Big Data Predictive Analysis and Data Mining have emerged to become useful for analyzing the agricultural crop price. This paper considers using techniques of data mining and Big Data using agricultural data. Farmers are more concern about obtaining the true value of the crop due to an oldchain system of selling the crops in their respective markets. The true capability of the market remains unexplored as farmers living nearby can only sell their crops indirectly affecting the consumers. Amount of data with the market keeps on increasing just like the other sectors. In this work, data from the various markets around Bangalore are taken into consideration and is used in our data mining decision tree models. The main goal is to provide a Farmers the best price for their crop using the Map-Reduce based decision tree model. The outcome of the suggested MapReduce model is precise to predict the best price from the available market data than the other models.


This article explores how the TCP Major Contribution, "Multicultural Clinical Supervision and Benchmarks: Empirical Support Informing Practice and Supervisor Training," can be applied to the refining of competencies for the profession of psychology. It examines the major contributions' thoughtful conclusions regarding effective supervisor behaviors, including the focus on the supervisory working alliance, provision of feedback to supervisees, supervisor use of self, empowering supervisees, supervisor as a competent clinician, and multicultural competencies. Implications for research and practice to enhance the profession and protect the public are discussed.


Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of leg raising and peripheral excercise on recovery of the patients who were applied with dexmedetomidine for their dental surgery. Methods: There were two groups, the experimental group (n=35) and control group (n=35), in this study. We checked blood pressure, pulse rate, oxygen saturation, sedation level and symptoms such as dizziness and somnolence every 30 minutes. These parameters were assessed throughout the participants` recovery room stay. Leg raising and peripheral excercise were conducted in the experimental group in the recovery room. We have conducted chi-square test, Fisher`s exact test, t-test, ANOVA, and ANCOVA to compare the measured parameters in both groups. Results: The experimental group showed a significant elevation of mean arterial blood pressure, and mitigation of somnolence, sedation and dizziness compared to the control group. Conclusion: Leg raising and peripheral exercise is effective to expedite recovery in the patients who were applied with dexmedetomidine for their dental surgery.


Abstract The influence of the chemical composition of polymers on their modification in argon or oxygen RF plasmas has been studied. Hexatria-contane (C36), octadecyloctadecanoate (OOD), and octadecyloctadecanamide (OAD) have been chosen as model compounds of the following polymers: high density polyethylene (HDPE), polycaprolactone and two polyamides [nylon 6 (N6) and nylon 12 (N12)]. Surface degradation and functionalization have been followed using gravimetry, optical emission spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, XPS, and contact angle measurements. The presence of ester or amide functions in the composition of the polymers has an influence on the degradation which starts on the functions. The mechanisms of formation of the degradation products CO and CO2, followed by mass spectrometry, are the same for all the investigated samples. The competition between degradation and functionalization limits the evolution of the O/C ratio and of the surface energy. A contact angle titration technique showed the format...


Objective: To investigate the apoptosis of human cervical cancer HeLa cell induced by Ilexgenin A(IA) and its primary mechanism. Methods: The viability of HeLa cells was detected by the method CCK-8. The activity of LDH was measured by MTT assay. Immune colorimetry was used to test the proliferation of Hela cells. The change of morphology of apoptosis HeLa cells was observed by DAPI l uorescence staining. Western Blot was used to detect the expressions of Caspase-3/7 and NF-κB proteins of HeLa cells. Results: After HeLa cells were treated by IA, the leakage of LDH increased in a dosage and time dependent manner. In the process of determination of BrdU and CCK-8, the inhibitory ef ect of IA to HeLa cell was stronger than standard drugs, and showed clear inhibitory ef ect on the HeLa cell proliferation with the increasing of concentration and the acting time. By using the DAPI l uorescence dyes, the HeLa cell cytoplasm concentrating, nucleolus dispersion and chromatin aglomeration were observed. Western Blot analysis showed that the expression of Caspase-3/7 was significantly enhanced and the expression of NF-κB proteins was down-regulated. Conclusion: IA could induce the apoptosis of HeLa cells and its mechanism is related to activate the activity of Caspase-3/7 and down-regulate the expression of NF-κB protein.


According to present theories of the dispersion relation for a ..pi.. meson within nuclear matter, decays such as ..gamma.. ..-->.. ..pi../sup +/ + ..pi../sup -/ and ..nu..-bar ..-->.. e/sup +/ + ..pi../sup -/ are allowed within nuclei. Observation of nuclear processes instigated by these decays can provide information on the pion dispersion relations and on weak and electromagnetic form factors in nuclear matter.


The invention provides a measuring rod device for an inner-ring raceway of a pivoting support, which belongs to the technical field of industrial measurement. The device comprises a base, a fixed measuring head, a first self-adaptive floating support, a second self-adaptive floating support, a mobile measuring head and a reading mechanism of a dial indicator, and the device is used for measuring the diameter of the inner-ring outer raceway of the pivoting support. A measuring rod main body is of a variable-section beam structure so as to reduce the mass of the whole machine and further reduce the bending deformation caused by gravity. Measurement reading is realized through the mobile measuring head and the reading mechanism of the dial indicator. In order to improve the situation that steel balls of the measuring heads at the two ends are not aligned with the center of the raceway, the self-adaptive floating support structures at the two ends are adopted. After the measuring rod provided by the invention is applied to production and measurement, a unified measurement method for the inner raceway and the outer raceway of the pivoting support can be realized, and measurement errors caused by the non-unified measurement methods for the inner and the outer raceways and non-unified dimension benchmarks can be eliminated by using a unified measuring rod calibration device.


Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) is a heterogenous group of autoimmune disorders characterised by chronic joint inflammation, affecting children and young people (CYP) under the age of 16. CYP with JIA experience considerable physical and psychological impacts due to their condition.CYP spend a considerable amount of time at school, college or other educational settings. Whilst most CYP with JIA are able to access education, many require adaptations, awareness of their needs, or specific support to enable them to fully engage in learning. Families of CYP with JIA have reported a lack of awareness and understanding, and requested resources to enable schools to support their children in school.The aim of this work was to develop a School Toolkit to allow teachers and other school staff to confidently support CYP with JIA, and to assess its initial rollout.Using a network of parents of CYP with JIA, including those with experience in working in educational settings, UK-based charity Juvenile Arthritis Research developed a resource aimed at schools, colleges, pre-schools and other educational settings: a Toolkit of information and resources. Given awareness of childhood arthritis is low, the Toolkit includes awareness-raising resources, aimed both at staff and all families connected to the school. Increased awareness can help improve diagnosis times and timely access to treatment in those not yet diagnosed.In addition, the Toolkit contains information about what JIA is, resources for schools to provide targeted interventions, and information on how schools can successfully support CYP with JIA. Finally, each Toolkit contains both a presentation for explaining arthritis to children in a classroom or group assembly setting, and a training presentation for delivery to staff, as well as digital copies of key materials and awareness-raising resources for distribution to parents and families.Recipients were invited to complete a short web-based survey to review the Toolkit.In the first six months after launching the new School Toolkit, around 100 Toolkits have been sent to schools in the UK, potentially providing information that arthritis affects children to over 100,000 families.Schools have advised they are using the resources in their settings, including giving lessons to children to explain what arthritis is, putting up posters highlighting the key signs and symptoms of JIA, and utilising the staff training resources. Feedback from schools was entirely positive, with one teacher reporting "Wow- it's fantastic. The student presentation is particularly impressive with how it translates all the key information in a child-friendly manner."The development and supply of a Toolkit specifically for use in schools and colleges has helped raise awareness that children get arthritis, and provided resources to train and support school staff enabling them to confidently support CYP with JIA. Utilising the experience and skills of parents and teachers in the development of the Toolkit has ensured all resources are relevant and address the needs of both families and schools. Toolkits can be requested free of charge by schools in the UK fromwww.jarproject.org/toolkit.Thanks to the children, young people, families and schools involved in the development of this vital resource.None Declared.


First it was Martians, now it's Earthlings. Researchers believe they have found circumstantial evidence in ancient rocks to suggest moving back the birthday of life on Earth by 400 million years.

The evidence comes from a 3.85 billion-year-old rock formation on Akilia Island in southwest Greenland. Researchers from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), the Australian National University, and the U.K.'s Oxford Brookes University have found a chemical signature of simple microorganisms in the ancient rock. Several years ago, UCLA paleobiologist J. William Schopf presented evidence and analyses of bacterialike fossils that suggested life began about 3.46 billion years ago.


Intake of whole‐grain (WG) foods by adolescents is reported to be 1 oz eq or one‐third the recommended intake of 48 g/d. This study determined the effect of providing refined‐grain (RG, n=42) or WG (n=41) foods on gastrointestinal (GI) and immune health in adolescents (12.7±0.1 y). Students were recruited from a local middle school and randomized to receive RG or WG foods for 6 wk. Grain‐based foods (e.g., bread, cereals, snacks) were delivered weekly to subjects and their families. Two baseline and 6 weekly intervention dietary recalls were obtained. Stool output was recorded daily. Blood was drawn at baseline and final visits for immune markers. Across groups, total grain intake increased by 1 oz eq during the intervention. Intake of WG was similar at baseline (18±3 g) between groups but increased to 60±5 g and decreased to 4±1 g in the WG and RG groups. Number of daily stools increased by 0.0034 (P=0.08) per g WG, or an average of 0.2 stools/d increase for the WG group. LPS‐stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cell production of TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6 decreased and serum antioxidant concentrations increased from baseline in both groups (P<0.01) with no differences between groups. These data suggest that dietary changes associated with increased grain intake in general may affect inflammatory processes and WG in particular may impact GI function in adolescents. Support: General Mills Bell Institute of Health and Nutrition


The invention discloses a target tracking method with multi-spectrum image sensor fusion. The method adopts a four-level data fusion computing framework with certain versatility. The four-level data fusion computing framework is respectively a multi-characteristic fusion level, a multi-mode fusion level, a multi-model fusion level and a multi-sensor fusion level from top to bottom. The multi-characteristic fusion realizes the integration of a plurality of characteristic clues through the probabilistic method to guarantee enough characteristic information representing targets in different environments; the multi-mode fusion adopts handoff algorithm in a staging mode, integrates two adjacent tracking modes through a certain weighting coefficient, to ensure smooth transition between the modes and guarantee continuous tracking of the targets; the multi-model fusion adopts an interacting multi-model algorithm to solve the problem of stable switching among different moving models of the targets; the multi-sensor fusion adopts distributed type fusion tracking algorithm to select the advantages of all the sensors, and makes up the deficiencies between the sensors, to ensure the tracking to be more robust and more precise.


Text retrieval is an important field when the data is growing day by day. So the big problem in a text retrieval field is the large of features number. Researchers always find the ways that can reduce features in texts. In this paper, we proposed a Vietnamese text retrieval method based on text classification and topic modeling. The experimental with 220 documents shown that, our method is really effective, higher accuracy and can reduce the complexity of computing and easy to build an application system for Vietnamese text.


Objective To observe protective effects of Longjia Xuemaitong Capslue on myocardial ischemia and cardiac reperfusion injury.Methods Using the myocardial ischemia model of rats induced by pituitrin and isoproterenol,the effects of Longjia Xuemaitong Capslue on myocardial ischemia were investigated.Moreover,using the myocardial ischemia-eperfusion injury model of rats induced by operation,the protective effects of Longjia Xuemaitong Capslue on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury were observed.Results At the doses of 1.60,0.80,0.40 g/kg,Longjia Xuemaitong Capslue could significantly reduce the T wave height at 15 and 30 s in the ischemia rats induced by pituitrin as well as the offset height of S-T segment at 5,10,20,and 30 min in ischemia rats induced by isoproterenol.Longjia Xuemaitong Capslue at the doses of 1.60,0.80,and 0.40g/kg could significantly decrease the malondialdehyde (MDA) level in serum,increase the superoxide dismutase (SOD) level,and obviously decrease the percentage that the infarct area accounted for the ischemic area in the myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury of rats.Conclusion Longjia Xuemaitong Capslue could protect the myocardial ischemia and myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.


We discuss recent results on heavy ion reactions between charge asymmetric systems, from low up to intermediate energies. The theoretical framework is provided by mean- field based transport approaches. We focus on isospin sensitive observables, aiming at extracting information on the density dependence of the isovector part of the nuclear effective interaction and of the nuclear symmetry energy. For reactions close to the Coulomb barrier, we explore the structure of collective dipole oscillations, rather sensitive to the low-density behavior of the symmetry energy. At intermediate energies, where regions with higher density and momentum are reached, we discuss collective flows and their sensitivity to the momentum dependence of the isovector interaction channel, which determines the splitting of neutron and proton effective masses.


This article is about the powerful role of photography in social sciences' teaching; several types of images such as photography, painting, documentary and feature film. Also, it contains a non complicated metodology for its best use in class.


The objective was to evaluate the effect of protein and (or) carbohydrate supplementation on the rumen degradation of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) from high-quality tropical forage. The experiment simulated the supplementation of finishing cattle under grazing during the rainy season (70:30 forage to concentrate ratio, as dry matter basis). Samples of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) cut after 21 days regrowth were used as basal forage. The concentrate used was formulated to contain 30% crude protein, using starch as the [...]


In this paper, feed-forward and class AB techniques are explored for the design of high-frequency Operational Transconductance Amplifiers (OTA) suitable for ADC architectures. The paper is focused on high gain broadband amplifiers; the first part of the paper revisited the recycling folded-cascode (RFC) architectures. These topologies are power efficient solutions but careful design is needed to avoid the presence of medium-frequency zero-pole pairs that may significantly increase residue amplifier settling time.The two stage class AB amplifier is revisited as well; the popular Monticelli's biasing circuit for class AB amplifiers is power efficient and result in high slew-rate solutions. An alternative class AB solution is proposed in this paper. The biasing of the class AB output stage employs a common-mode feedback, and results in a faster and more power efficient architecture; power consumption is around 75% that of the conventional class AB architecture and shows 3dB lower IM3 for the design of a state-variable 25MHz high-Q biquadratic filter.


Previous positive selection analyses on primate host restriction factors have helped to elucidate differences in primate adaptation to viral infection. However, many of these studies have been focused on small gene families and genes known or suspected to play a role as primate host restriction factors. With the genome sequencing of numerous primate species, we are now capable of comparing the evolutionary profiles of primate genes across the whole genome. Using these evolutionary profiles as guides, we characterize evolutionary similarities and differences between known primate restriction factors and sets of other genes with diverse functions to provide insight on new candidate restriction factors and the biological pressures that affect them.


How to prevent medical device-related microbial infections, it provided the medical device, comprising the step of incorporating an effective amount of such oxazolidinone compounds of linezolid in the medical device.


The tragic, unqualifiable attacks committed last week at Charlie Hebdo's office, in Montrouge and a kosher supermarket, which killed 17 persons, have created an unprecedented reaction from the French population. Demonstrations organised all over the country during the weekend have shown the population's attachment to freedom, in particular to the freedom of expression.


The objectives of this research are to explore brand image, brand trust, online brand engagement of Starbucks, as well as to explore the relationship among these three variables. Data are collected through an online survey with 230 respondents, who are Starbucks Thailand's customers, aged between 18 to 40 years old are asked to participate in the online survey. The results depict that the respondents had a positive brand image of Starbucks Thailand (M = 4.21). Moreover, the results show that the respondents had fairly high trust in Starbucks Thailand (M = 4.21) and moderately engaged with Starbucks Thailand Facebook page (M = 3.48). In regard to the relationship among the variables, the results demonstrates that Starbucks Thailand's brand image was highly related to brand trust (r = .73) and moderately related to online brand engagement (r = .52). Also, brand trust had a moderate relationship with online brand engagement (r = .43).


Mutational analysis of 30 recurrent known mutations detects only about 58% of Hispanic cystic fibrosis (CF) chromosomes. The low mutation detection rate has greatly hindered prenatal diagnosis and carrier testing of Hispanic families who have multiple affected children with unidentified cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) mutations. We recently employed a temporal temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TTGE) method to effectively scan unknown mutations in the entire CFTR gene. A novel mutation, 2105‐2117 del13insAGAAA was identified in a Hispanic family heterozygous for ΔF508. The discovery of the devastating mutation facilitated the prenatal diagnosis for this family who already had two severely affected children. The fetus was found to be a compound heterozygote of ΔF508/2105‐2117 del13insAGAAA. This case emphasizes the importance of whole gene mutational analysis in patients with a clinical diagnosis of CF, but without the identifiable DNA mutations by routine mutation analysis. Finding of CF mutations in the patient would allow proper genetic counselling and prenatal and carrier detection of at‐risk family members. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Interleaver module is an important part of modernmobile communication system. It plays an important role in reducing bit error rate and improving transmission efficiency over fading channels. In 5G NR (5th Generation New Radio) standards, LDPC (lowdensity parity-check) and polar channel codes are employed for data channels and control channels, respectively. If multiple interleavers are implemented separately for them, the cost increases significantly. To address this issue, a hardware multiplexing scheme for channel interleavers based on LDPC and polar codes is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the formulas for the processes of the control channel interleaving and data channel interleaving are derived with respect to 5G NR standard. ,en, the hardware implementation structures of the two interleavers are given. Subsequently, hardware reuse is proposed by sharing the similar or identical parts between the two hardware structures. Simulation results verify the correctness of our proposed scheme and demonstrate that it can realize the hardware sharing of the two kinds of channel interleavers to reduce the cost of silicon.


The abundant $\psi'$ events have been collected at the Beijing Electron Positron Collider-II (BEPCII) that could undoubtedly provide us with a great opportunity to study the more attractive charmonium decays. As has been noticed before, in the process of $J/\psi$ decaying to the baryonic final states, $p K^- \bar{\Lambda}$, the evident $\Lambda^*$ and $N^*$ bands have been observed. Similarly, by using the product of $\chi_{cJ}$ from $\psi'$ radiative decay, we may confirm it or find some extra new resonances. $\chi_{c0}$'s data samples will be more than $\chi_{c1,2}$ taking into account the larger branching ratio of $\psi'\to\gamma\chi_{c0}$. Here, we provide explicit partial wave analysis formulae for the very interesting channel $\psi'\to\gamma\chi_{c0}\to \gamma p K^- \bar{\Lambda}$.


In this paper,a Monod type chemostat model with nutrient recycling and periodically pulsed input in a polluted environment is considered.By providing mathematically rigorous analysis and research methods,the sufficient and necessary conditions for the extinction and permanence of the microorganisms are obtained.Furthermore,by using the Liapunov function method and the comparison of impulsive differential equation,the sufficient condition for the globally uniformly attractive of the model is established.


The pilot test of preparing organo-aluminum polymer was introduced.Heat transfer area of the scaled-up reactor,type of propeller,stir speed as well as the power consumption of stirring were determined through calculation.Furthermore,the rotary feed pipe was especially designed in order to conveniently adjust the feeding point.The results show that the scale-up is applicable.


The society of physicians of Germany and the society of panel physicians laid down in the "assessment criteria for guidelines in medical care" what kind of demands the medical selfadministration makes on guidelines. This measure also had the goal to support and strengthen the efforts of the AWMF for guidelines of high value. On the basis of these assessment criteria, a tool was compiled for the systematic registration and documentation of quality criteria for good guidelines for the first time in areas of German language. This check list is guided by the structure and content of the "Criteria for Appraisal for National Guidelines" by the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network.


As part of the environmental impact assessment (EIA) process, the Hunter Valley has been subject to
decades of archaeological investigations involving many Aboriginal stakeholder groups. This paper
critically discusses the EIA process, specifically the Aboriginal cultural heritage assessment (ACHA)
process and the Aboriginal consultation requirements (ACHRs) for New South Wales (NSW) drawing
on our collective experience of cultural heritage management (CHM) in the Hunter Valley. We examine
the definition of 'values' and the identification of heritage within the history of relevant legislation in
NSW to critique the ACHA process in the Hunter Valley. We introduce the relevance of the concept
'solastalgia', relating concerns for heritage to effects of 'environmental distress' from the cumulative
impacts of mining and its relevance to the ACHA process. CHM legislation and practice is currently
under review by the NSW State government, we hope to stimulate constructive dialogue on these issues
based on our collective experience.


X-ray induced analysis of matter offers solutions to a great variety of analyst's questions in various disciplines. Based on the physical nature of primary interaction (photoelectric absorption, elastic/inelastic scattering) and on the secondary specimen response (modulated primary radiation, fluorescent radiation, photoelectrons, Auger electrons), a powerful family of different analytical techniques has evolved. This paper emphasizes the methods of x-ray photoeletron spectrometry (XPS) and x-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF), covering depth information ranging from ca. 1 nm (XPS) to > 10 μm (XRF). Scanning schemes to extract spatial resolution of the specific analytical signal are presented. These methods operate in (hardware-based) line-selection modes during data acquisition and are essentially based on computer-(software-)aided data decoding to achieve point information (element map). Operating principles, alternative concepts, experimental set ups, results and some future trends are summarized.


The invention relates to an ultraviolet impressing method, which comprises the following steps of: a, providing a die, wherein the die is cylindrical or columnar and the outer surface of the die is provided with patterns formed by convex textures; b, providing a plastic sheet; c, coating an ultraviolet curing polymer on the plastic sheet; and d, rolling the die to roll the plastic sheet, and meanwhile providing ultraviolet irradiation to cure the rolled ultraviolet curing polymer. The invention also provides an ultraviolet impressing device. The method finishes an ultraviolet impressing technique of three processes (rolling, curing and stripping) at one step so as to improve the efficiency.


last point it is emphasized that the beatific vision is a communion in Christ and so is fully achieved only with and through other men who are united in Christ and in the resurrection of the body: "The perfection of revelation is found at that point where, bodily and socially sharing life with his brothers in Christ, man lives in communion with the Trinity." (This is not siding with John XXII against Benedict XII 1) Behind the whole discussion there lies the fundamental assumption, though it is not expressed in these terms, that grace (ofwhich revelation is an aspect) neither suppresses nor ignores nature but perfects and transforms and needs it. (In reading Brother Moran's book I was frequently reminded of the thesis argued by Lionel Thornton in Revelation and the Modern World nearly twenty years ago, that revelation enters into the human environment and masters it by so doing). This a beautifully lucid and inspiringly original book and it would provide an admirable basis for group discussions, either denominational or ecumenical. It is this type of theology that is so badly needed today firmly grounded in the life and thought ofthe historic Church through the ages and nevertheless sensitive to the Churches' failures and limitations and to the special needs and insights of the modem world. "Weshould await with eagerness Brother Moran's work on catechetics, which is to be published later this year.