This study proposes a loose-leaf tea brewing service device with the added value of increasing tea drinking quality in our leisure life. The proposed device with multi-infusion timing control and user friendly interface characteristics utilizes AT89S51 programmable microcontroller to detect the input signals and trigger the corresponding outputs. The input signals come from a power switch for turning the controller on/off, three push buttons for setting the brewing time, and two other push buttons for controlling initial/extra brewing time setting and start/stop time control. The corresponding outputs include a power LED for indicating whether the controller is working or nonworking, a buzzer for reminding the completion of timing, and three 7-segment displays for showing the remaining time. Conclusively, the proposed microcontroller-based tea brewing service device can remind users remembering pour the water out timely, allow users to reset brewing time based on personal favorite tastes, and allow users to make the second or third rounds of tea infusion time for each individual setting. Therefore, the tea taste quality can be guaranteed. (Sung-Tsun Shih, Chin-Ming Hsu, Chian-Yi Chao. A Tea Brewing Service Device with the Added Value of Increasing Tea Drinking Quality in Our Leisure Life. Life Science Journal. 2011; 8(4):923-928) (ISSN:1097- 8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com.


Esters of short-chain carboxylic acids and alcohols play an important role in the food industry as flavouring compounds. Ethyl butyrate, a pineapple-banana flavour ester, is an example of the most used esters. Lipases (triacylglycerol acylhydrolase, EC.18.104.22.168) can be used in non-aqueous media as catalysts for ester synthesis and the obtained ester can be labelled as "natural", meeting the increasing consumers' demand for natural flavours. However, lipases must be used in immobilized forms, presenting both high catalytic activity and operational stability, in order to lower their costs in continuous or repeated batch uses. The aim of this study was to model and optimize by response surface methodology (RSM), the production of ethyl butyrate, in n -hexane, catalysed by Rizopus oryzae lipase immobilized in a biocompatible polyurethane foam, prepared with a toluene diisocyanate prepolymer "Hypol FHP 2002 TM ". Experiments were carried out following a central composite rotatable design, as a function of the temperature, T (21.6°C – 38.4°C), initial butyric acid concentration, A, (0.031M – 0.619M) and initial molar ratio ethanol/acid, RM (0.257 – 2.443). After 48 hours reaction time, the production and conversion into ethyl butyrate (ESTER) could be fitted to surfaces, described by second-order polynomial models. A maximum concentration of ESTER (0.106 M) and conversion into ESTER (32.6%) are expected at initial reaction conditions of T, A and RM of 32°C, 0.225M and 1.637 (corresponding to 0.644M of A and 1.92M of ethanol in lipase microenvironment) and 19°C, 0.27M and 1.687 (corresponding to 0.732M of A and 1.42M of ethanol in lipase microenvironment), respectively.


Abstract Many primary research studies in ecology are underpowered, providing very imprecise estimates of effect size. Meta‐analyses partially mitigate this imprecision by combining data from different studies. But meta‐analytic estimates of mean effect size may still remain imprecise, particularly if the meta‐analysis includes a small number of studies. Imprecise, large‐magnitude estimates of mean effect size from small meta‐analyses likely would shrink if additional studies were conducted (regression towards the mean). Here, I propose a way to estimate and correct this regression to the mean, using meta‐meta‐analysis (meta‐analysis of meta‐analyses). Hierarchical random effects meta‐meta‐analysis shrinks estimated mean effect sizes from different meta‐analyses towards the grand mean, bringing those estimated means closer on average to their unknown true values. The intuition is that, if a meta‐analysis reports a mean effect size much larger in magnitude than that reported by other meta‐analyses, that large mean effect size likely is an overestimate. This intuition holds even if different meta‐analyses of different topics have different true mean effect sizes. Drawing on a compilation of data from hundreds of ecological meta‐analyses, I find that the typical (median) ecological meta‐analysis overestimates the absolute magnitude of the true mean effect size by ~10%. Some small ecological meta‐analyses overestimate the magnitude of the true mean effect size by >50%. Meta‐meta‐analysis is a promising tool for improving the accuracy of meta‐analytic estimates of mean effect size, particularly estimates based on just a few studies.


Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disease  where due to hyperglycemia multiple complications are manifested in the course of time.  Persistent  hyperglycemia causes irreversible glycosylation of the hemoglobin called HbA1c. Glucose is converted to L-deoxyfructose. Glycosylation increases with the increase of hyperglycemia and also with the duration of suffering. It is a very stable compound and remains bound throughout the life span (120 days) of Red Blood Cells. Blood HbA1c level > 6.5 %  is considered as criterion for the diagnosis of diabetes.  Increased HbA1c shifts the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to the left reducing the hemoglobin's ability to release the oxygen at the tissue bed. This causes relative hypoxia in the tissues. Erythropoietin ( EPO), a glycoprotein produced in the kidney is the major humoral regulator of Rbc production. Hypoxia induces increased  synthesis of EPO. Therefore, hemoglobin level also increases. In the present study it is found that  hemoglobin level of all the newly detected  diabetic patients were high as compared to normal individuals . For male diabetic patients  it was 15 ( + 0.87) gm/dl and for female it was 14 ( + 0.83) gm/dl as compared to the control 13.14 ( + 1.34) gm/dl and 12.15      ( + 0.87)gm/dl respectively.   After receiving hypoglycemic drugs HbA1c level falls and tissue hypoxia reduces. Hemoglobin level also comes down to normal level.


Two wireless nodes outside each others radio range can communicate via a node in between, known as a relay node. A relay node may be a simple repeater or a fully functional entity depending upon the deployment scenario. In a two-way relay communication (TWRC), Physical-Layer network coding (PNC) exploits the superimposed nature of electromagnetic waves at the relay node to improve the throughput performance. Synchronization of information from two end users is critical when exchanging information via a relay node. Traditionally in PNC, modulation constellations sent from the two end users are chosen to be the same. In this paper, we investigate the performance of a PNC-based TWRC system in a Rayleigh fading scenario when the modulation constellation of one end user is rotated with respect to the modulation constellation at the other end user. The analysis shows that the rotated-QPSK gives distinct decision regions when the modulation constellation of QPSK and rotated-QPSK are superimposed, unlike the traditional (QPSK)(QPSK) transmission. Simulation results for the symbol error rate (SER) at the relay node shows the loss in performance of (QPSK)-(rotated-QPSK) scheme compared to the (QPSK)(QPSK) scheme due to phase rotation.


This Register of Current Research in Britain in the field of marketing has been compiled from the response to a request for such information made to educational institutes. It is intended to publish amendments and additions at regular intervals in this journal. Each issue will contain up‐dating material, and the complete register will be published each year. The present issue contains the first such up‐dating.


Generate and monitor the growth of corrosion pits on the surface of 316L stainless steel using the scanning droplet cell technique and assess the effects of varies factors such as pits size, pits shape, flow rate, and applied stress on pit initiation and growth. Configure of a test system to measure the pit and short fatigue crack growth behaviour, to investigate each stage of the corrosion fatigue damage process occurring at the material surface and compare this with the modified film surface using alternating voltage passivation process (AVPP). Understand the effects of corrosion on cracking behaviour during the different stages of fatigue crack growth.


Second‐harmonic generation (SHG) properties of two novel organic crystals, i. e., 2,5‐ bis(benzylidene)cyclopentanone (BBCP) and 2,6‐bis( p‐methylbenzylidene)‐4‐tert‐butylcyclo‐ hexanone (MBBCH), were studied. Based on an x‐ray structural analysis, their SHG coefficients dij at 1.06 μm are determined by the Maker‐fringe method as d14=7 pm/V for BBCP, and d31=15 pm/V, d32=12 pm/V, and d33=4 pm/V for MBBCH, respectively. Measurements on the refractive indices reveal that angle‐tune phase matching in the form of both types I and II is possible, in particular, with a large efficiency for MBBCH, deff∼12 pm/V, which was confirmed experimentally.


Experiments were carried out in greenhouse, at ESALQ-USP, in Piracicaba, Brazil, with soil samples of the A and B2 horizon of an Oxisol (LR) and an Alfisol (PVp), without and with lime and mineral fertilizer, to verify the influence of the aeration porosity (5,1 to 28,7%) on the behaviour of the common bean Aroana 80. The water content in the 2,5 liter soil per pot, was mantained between 100 and 70% of the field capacity. It could by verified an influence of the macroporosity (diameter bigger than 50μm) on the grain number and weight, root and above ground part dry matter yield, and the ratio above ground part/root (3,1 to 12,7). It did not affect the thousand grain weight (135 to 254 g), the harcest index (0,18 to 0,50), the water use eficiency (428 to 911 ml/g dry matter, and 854 to 4196 ml/g grain) and the vegetative cycle (86 to 101 days). The soil fertility level affected all the data considered.


"My attempts in the last quarter of a century to unravel the complex relationship between the processes of nation building and changes in women's status has driven me to the conclusion that Jawaharlal, along with most other Indian nationalists - of the right, centre or left, men or women, - never understood the political significance of gender equality in India's nation building process."


Five pairs of adult Newts of the species Triturus viridescens, Woods Hole strain, were transferred on January 6, 1932, from the water in which they were received at 5°C. to aquaria at 20°C. Courtship by the males followed and at least one spermatophore was deposited on the sand in each of 2 aquaria; the females, however, were not incited to follow far and the uncollected sperm cell masses were scattered by the movements of the animals. No egg-laying occurred. After a week, the males were removed from the aquaria and the females were given daily implants of anterior lobe of amphibian pituitary to stimulate ovulation (Wolf 1 ). Anterior lobes obtained from Newts of the same species, from T. dorsalis, and from the frog, Rana pipiens, were placed intramuscularly as in the work of Adams, 2 one lobe being used for each implant. Only non-fertile eggs were deposited; egg-laying ceased when implants were stopped. Untreated isolated males deposited no spermatophores. Males of Triturus were stimulated to deposit whole spermatophores or small clusters of sperm cells (not always mature and active) by 3 methods: (1) isolated males after 2 and after 3 daily implants of amphibian anterior lobe; (2) isolated males after 4 and after 6 daily injections intraperitoneally of gonadotropic hormone as extracted from human pregnant urine; (3) males paired in aquaria with females, when the preliminary period of courtship was shortened if either had received implants. After the sperm cell masses were gathered from the bottom of the aquaria by a small glass pipette and were transferred to the cloacas of 4 treated females (with 5, 5, 6, and 2 daily implants), they laid fertile eggs. Three of the females began to deposit eggs within a day, the fourth after an interval of 8 days during which 2 more implants were given; fertility after this delay would seem to indicate that some of the spermatozoa inserted had made their way to the spermatheca. The low degree of fertility obtained by this method (142 of 365 eggs from the 4 females), in addition to the lack of fertility without pipette transfer of sperm, suggests that no spermatozoa had been collected during the fall mating season and that the few present to fertilize the eggs were those retained from the laboratory procedure.


The Ritz vectors obtained by Arnoldi's method may not be good approximations and even may not converge even if the corresponding Ritz values do. In order to improve the quality of Ritz vectors and enhance the eeciency of Arnoldi type algorithms, we propose a strategy that uses Ritz values obtained from an m-dimensional Krylov subspace but chooses modiied approximate eigenvectors in an (m + 1)-dimensional Krylov subspace. Residual norm of each new approximate eigenpair is minimal over the span of the Ritz vector and the (m + 1)th basis vector, which is available when the m-step Arnoldi process is run. The resulting modiied m-step Arnoldi method is better than the standard m-step one in theory and cheaper than the standard (m + 1)-step one. Based on this strategy, we present a modiied m-step restarted Arnoldi algorithm. Numerical examples show that the modiied m-step restarted algorithm and its version with Chebyshev acceleration are often considerably more eecient than the standard (m + 1)-step restarted ones.


A method of performing interference cancellation (IC) in a wireless communication device having a receiver comprising at least a primary receiver chain and a diversity receiver chain includes determining an interference level of a transmitted signal on the receiver; determining whether the interference level is within a predetermined range; selecting a first mode of operation if the interference level is within a predetermined range; and selecting a second mode of operation if the interference level is not within the predetermined range. The first mode includes receiving, at the primary receiver chain, a first signal corresponding to the transmitted signal; receiving, at the diversity receiver chain, a second signal corresponding to the transmitted signal for providing to an IC circuit; generating, at the IC circuit, an output signal based on the second signal; and generating a cancellation signal based on the output signal and the first signal.


Summary Continuous and simultaneous pressures were recorded from the pulmonary artery, small pulmonary vein (1.5–2.0 mm in diameter), large pulmonary vein and left atrium in 7 intact dogs lightly anesthetized with urethane. Pressures within the pulmonary artery and left atrium remained relatively constant whereas pressure in the small pulmonary vein varied widely. Pressure in the large pulmonary vein fluctuated over a narrower range than did the pressure in the small pulmonary veins. At times the pressure in the large pulmonary vein changed without a corresponding change in left atrial pressure, It is suggested that the pulmonary venous blood reservoir behaves in a manner similar to the systemic venous blood reservoir and that pressure variations reflect spontaneous adjustments in volume of the reservoir. The findings also support the concept of a "throttle valve" action of the pulmonary veins.


An ulnar fracture with radial luxation (Monteggia fracture) was repaired in a horse. Reduction of the radial luxation was difficult, requiring 2 incisions, limb traction, neuromuscular blockade, and direct radial manipulation. The ulnar fracture was repaired by use of a dynamic compression plate. Three months postoperatively, the horse was free of any apparent lameness.


Abstract:Jacques Rozier's NewWave classic Adieu Philippine is divided in two parts: a "sedentary half," set in Paris, and a "nomadic half," set in Corsica. In Paris, the lives of Michel, Liliane, and Juliette, the film's young protagonists, are constricted and stagnant. In Corsica, the trio is on vacation and wanders freely around the island. Paradoxically, the first half of the film is marked by speed, flux, and rhythm, whereas the second half is contemplative and slowpaced. I submit that Michel, Liliane, and Juliette are mobile sedentary in Paris and motionless nomads in Corsica.


This paper examines the similarities and differences in demand for coastal and marine tourism activities and experiences from three European markets. Long-haul travellers from the United Kingdom, Germany and The Netherlands were studied using archival survey data. The research explored the similarity of the demand from these markets in order to address the question of whether proposals to shift mass tourism towards smaller scale alternative types of coastal and marine tourism are consistent with the size of the ecotourism market. The results demonstrated that nationality was an important variable shaping the size of the ecotourism markets with budget-oriented German ecotourists (46%) providing the largest market share of German coastal and marine tourists. By way of contrast UK ecotourists were the least cost conscious, but were only 19% of the total UK coastal and marine tourism sector. The paper is supplemented with a commentary on the impacts of the anticipated ecotourism activities. In particular, the German ecotourism market appears likely to enhance pressures on the environment rather than being a benign alternative to mass tourism activities. In addition, it was argued that cross-national studies of tourist demand represent an important check on the consistency of tourism trends for destination marketers and managers.


Abstract : The availability of Obstetrics/Gynecology (OB/GYN) physicians Is one of the most critical manpower issues facing Navy medicine. Insufficient recruitment efforts, coupled with poor retention rates have resulted in only 76. 1 % fulfillment of the authorized billets, which by FY-97, Is projected to fall to 57.5% fulfillment. To meet the demand for OB/GYN services required by military beneficiaries, optimal allocation of existing assets as well as alternative means for delivering care must be fully examined. This thesis develops a mixed linear, Integer program which optimizes the allocation of these scarce physician resources. Computational results are reported for realistic scenarios demonstrating the model's applicability. Model results consist of a recommended mix of OB/GYN provider assets that is different, in many Instances, from the current staffing of Navy OB/GYN clinics. Additionally, reported results recommend closure of OB/GYN clinics where demand does not justify continued operations.


P., 13C-, and"IN-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy wereusedtodetermine theroles ofmalate, succinate, Ala, Asp, Glu, Gin, andy-aminobutyrate (GABA) intheenergy metabolism andregulation ofcytoplasmic pHinhypoxic maize(ZeamaysL.) roottips. Nitogen status wasmanipulated byperfusing roottips withammoniumsulfate prior tohypoxia; this pretreatment ledto enhanced synthesis ofAlaearly inhypoxia, andofGABAatlater times. We showthat: (a)theability toregulate cytoplasmic pH during hypoxia isnotsignificantly affected byenhanced Ala synthesis. (b)Independent ofnitrogen status, decarboxylation of GlutoGABAisgreatest after several hoursofhypoxia, as metabolism collapses. (c)Early inhypoxia, cytoplasmic malate is inpartdecarboxylated topyruvate (leading toAla, lactate, and ethanol), andinpartconverted tosuccinate. Itappearsthat activation ofmalic enzymeserves tolimit cytoplasmic acidosis early inhypoxia. (d)Alasynthesis inhypoxic roottips under these conditions isduetotransfer ofnitrogen ultimately derived from AspandGin, present inoxygenated tissue. We describe the relative contributions ofglycolysis andmalate decarboxylation in providing Alacarbons. (e)Succinate accumulation during hypoxia canbeattributed tometabolism ofAspandmalate; this flux to succinate isenergetically negligible. Thereisnodetectable net flux fromGIctosuccinate during hypoxia. Thesignificance ofthe abovemetabolic reactions relative toethanol andlactate produc- tion, andtoflooding tolerance, isdiscussed. Theregulation of thepattems ofmetabolism during hypoxia isconsidered with respect tocytoplasmic pHandredox state.


personal circumstances could not be easily demonstrated in this context, I reasoned, the stress model must be found seriously lacking. For the most part, this book is successful in confirming my faith in stress research but goes much beyond it by specifying the stress-producing cultural contexts of Blacks raised in different historical periods with different access to material resources. This book represents that culmination of eight years of study of a rural Black community in Alabama. It is organized in standard monograph format with two chapters placing the study in the context of stress literature and the literature on Black families, one chapter covering the methodology of the study and the choice of depressive symptoms as the outcome variable, a chapter describing the community, two chapters of primarily statistical results, a chapter of ethnographic case studies, and a concluding chapter. Original data


This paper proposes a design method of Hinfin control performance for structural systems using Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy model. The structural system with tuned mass damper is modeled by T-S type fuzzy model. By using parallel distributed compensation (PDC) scheme, we design a nonlinear fuzzy controller for the tuned mass damper system. According to the control system, a sufficient stability condition is derived in terms of Lyapunov theory and this control problem is reformulated into solving linear matrix inequalities (LMI) problem.


Disclosed is a vaporizing burner (100) for a mobile, operated with liquid fuel heater, comprising: a mixture preparation area (2) for mixing fuel with combustion air to form a fuel-air mixture, a fuel supply (1) for feeding liquid fuel to the (mixture preparation area (2), a combustion air supply (B) for supplying combustion air to the mixture preparation area (2), an the mixture preparation area (2) fluidically downstream reaction region (3) for converting the fuel-air mixture to release heat, and an evaporator body 9) for vaporizing the liquid fuel, which (in the mixture preparation area 2) spaced extends from a side wall in an axial direction and having an opening formed as a fuel evaporation surface outer circumferential surface which is arranged such that it flows around the supplied combustion air.


The effect of regucalcin, a regulatory protein in intracellular signaling pathway, on cell death and apoptosis was investigated using the cloned normal rat kidney proximal tubular epithelial NRK52E cells overexpressing regucalcin. NRK52E cells (wild type) and stable regucalcin (RC)/pCXN2 transfectants were cultured for 72 h in a medium containing 5% bovine serum (BS) to obtain subconfluent monolayers. After culture for 72 h, cells were further cultured for 24–72 h in a medium without BS containing either vehicle, tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α; 0.1 or 1.0 ng/ml of medium), lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 0.1 or 1.0 µg/ml), Bay K 8644 (10−9–10−7 M), or thapsigargin (10−9–10−7 M). The number of wild‐type cells was significantly decreased by culture for 42–72 h in the presence of TNF‐α (0.1 or 1.0 ng/ml), LPS (0.1 or 1.0 µg/ml), Bay K 8644 (10−7–10−5 M), or thapsigargin (10−8 or 10−7 M). The effect of TNF‐α (0.1 or 1.0 ng/ml), LPS (0.1 or 1.0 µg/ml), Bay K 8644 (10−7–10−6 M), or thapsigargin (10−7 M) in decreasing the number of wild‐type cells cultured for 24–72 h was significantly prevented in transfectants overexpressing regucalcin. Agarose gel electrophoresis showed the presence of low‐molecular‐weight deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fragments of adherent wild‐type cells cultured with LPS (1.0 µg/ml), Bay K 8644 (10−7 M), or thapsigargin (10−8 M) for 24 h, and this DNA fragmentation was significantly suppressed in transfectants. DNA fragmentation in adherent cells was not seen by culture with TNF‐α (1.0 ng/ml). TNF‐α‐induced decrease in the number of wild‐type cells was significantly prevented by culture with caspase‐3 inhibitor (10−8 M), while LPS‐ or Bay K 8644‐induced decrease in cell number was significantly prevented by caspase‐3 inhibitor or N ω‐nitro‐L‐arginine methylester (NAME) (10−5 M), an inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) synthase. Thapsigargin‐induced decrease in cell number was not prevented in the presence of two inhibitors. Bcl‐2 and Akt‐1 mRNA levels were significantly increased in transfectants cultured for 24 h as compared with those of wild‐type cells, while Apaf‐1, caspase‐3, or glyceroaldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH) mRNA expressions were not significantly changed in transfectants. Culture with TNF‐α (1.0 ng/ml), LPS (1.0 µg/ml), Bay K 8644 (l0−7 M), or thapsigargin (10−8 M) caused a significant increase in caspase‐3 mRNA levels in wild‐type cells. LPS (1.0 µg/ml) significantly decreased Bcl‐2 mRNA expression in the cells. Their effects on the gene expression of apoptosis‐related proteins were not significantly changed in transfectants. This study demonstrates that overexpression of regucalcin has a suppressive effect on cell death and apoptosis induced by various factors which their action are mediated through many intracellular signaling pathways, and that it modulates the gene expression of apoptosis‐related proteins. J. Cell. Biochem. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Tiquilia is very different from the other members of the Ehretiaceae (Boraginales) in many aspects of morphology and ecology. Because detailed knowledge about flower and fruit traits is necessary to reliably infer character evolution of and within Tiquilia, we investigated flower to fruit ontogeny in eight species of Tiquilia using light and electron microscopy. Tiquilia accumulated a number of autapomorphies such as the prostrate growth form, the lack of lateral and ventral bundles in the gynoecium, and the formation of nutlet-like mericarpids as dispersal units instead of more or less succulent drupes. The internal architecture of the superior bicarpellate ovary resulted from the development of several secondary septa including apical, basal and false septa, as it has been reported also from other Boraginales. However, no character found in Tiquilia can be regarded as synapomorphic with any other taxon of the Ehretiaceae. © 2014 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2014, 112, 520–534.


This book is a part of the American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology's Oxford Workshop Series, which is designed to provide clinicians and students with a library filled with fundamental information about neuropsychological topics. Smith and Bondi, both researchers and practicing clinicians, bring with them significant expertise on the topic of cognitive impairment based on years of clinical experience, multiple chapters, and hundreds of articles. As aptly stated in the title of the book, the goals are to cover definitions, diagnosis, and treatment options for what the DSM-IV used to call mild cognitive impairment and dementia but are now labeled mild and major neurocognitive disorders (NCDs) in the DSM-5. The authors start out with a comprehensive overview of the history behind the evolving terminology related to normal as well as declining cognition. Chapter two addresses the utility of neuropsychological assessment in the evaluation of NCDs, although the same arguments are applicable to other disease states as well. They discuss the importance of understanding the limitations, as well as strengths, of assessments such as the constructs, norms, and stability of tests across time, and that a one size fits all approach to diagnosis or cut-off scores will not work due to test variations. A significant portion of the chapter is also spent discussing the newer emphasis in the DSM 5 (American Psychiatric Association, 2013) and the National Institute on Aging– Alzheimer's Association task force (Albert et al., 2011; Jack et al., 2011; McKhann et al., 2011) regarding biomarkers in diagnosing major and mild NCDs. One may initially think of biomarkers as triphasic waves on EEG, tau levels in the cerebral spinal fluid, and amyloid neuroimaging; however, the authors make a convincing case that neuropsychological testing could also meet the biomarker criteria. They note that testing involves objective measurement, capable of discerning patterns suggestive of


At present, the machine tool technology in the US is not in the state-of-the-art of leading international competitors. Conventional machine tools under use are being pushed into their machining accuracy limits. There is a pressing need calling for revitalizing the machine tool industry. This paper presents, a mechatronic system developed for reducing tool vibration during machining. It consists of electrical and mechanical components, and is realized by placing electrically driven electrostrictive actuators in a specially designed tool post mechanical structure. The linear neural network controller, namely, digital filters, are implemented using a signal processing board. The experimental investigation is conducted in two stages. In the first stage, a test bed is established to use an electro-magnetic shaker to resemble the excitation of cutting force acting on the tool. In the second stage, experiments were conducted using a lathe on the shop floor. In-process vibration cancellation was observed. In the laboratory experiment, a percent reduction in the 90 percent was possible using a feedforward scheme. The improvement in surface roughness during the turning operation was confirmed from measurements of surface roughness profiles.


The ball-milling of pure Fe and Zn elemental powders corresponding to the Г-(Fe_3Zn_10), Г_1-(Fe_5Zn_21), δ-(FeZn_7), and ζ-(FeZn_13) compositions yields metastable crystalline phases. This is demonstrated by the peaks observed in the DSC measurements of the different phases. These crystalline phases evolve differently with distinct or characteristic stages with heat treatments. Cold-welding and powder agglomeration are extensive, while the milled materials are completely homogeneous.


Large numbers of Wolf-Rayet stars in the nearby (4.1 Mpc) star-bursting dwarf galaxy NGC 5253 indicate the starburst is only ~ 5 million years old (Schaerer et al. 1997). This makes NGC 5253 an ideal object for studying the early phases of starburst activity, in particular superbubbles blown by supernovae and winds from massive stars. Previous low resolution observations suggested the observed X-ray emission was due to a superbubble. We use the enhanced resolution available with a long ROSAT High Resolution Imager (HRI) observation and find that the X-ray emission arises from several unresolved sources associated with the young star clusters seen in the optical. We discuss the possible origins of the point-like emission, and find that they could be small superbubbles blown by the individual clusters of massive stars.


This essay is an attempt to study the manner in which Averroes constructs the relationship between philosophy and scriptural discourse in Kitāb faṣl al-maqāl wa-taqrīr mā bayna al-sharī'ah wa-al-ḥikmah min al-ittiṣāl (henceforth, Faṣl al-maqāl). There are numerous instances in Faṣl al-maqāl where Averroes states that philosophy and scriptural discourse share a non-antagonistic relationship. In fact, demonstrating that philosophy and scriptural discourse employ compatible and "harmonious" modes of reasoning in their articulation of the truth is one of Averroes' express aims in the treatise. Though it is useful, this general characterization of philosophy (ḥikmah) and scripture (shar') as compatible and non-competing forms of discourse is a preliminary description; it does not display the specificity of Averroes' construction of the relationship between the two. For example, this general statement does not display whether philosophy and scripture form a hierarchical relationship, wherein one of the two offers a surer path for the comprehension of truth and salvation, or whether Averroes maintains that scripture and philosophy are equally legitimate perspectives that offer parallel, non-competing accounts of the same phenomena. My basic purpose in this essay is to describe and examine Averroes' specific construction of a harmonious relationship between philosophy and scripture. The implications of this examination are not limited to the particular question of Averroes' position on the relationship between philosophy and scripture. The study has bearings, too, on understanding the general epistemological framework within which Averroes operates. As an illustration, Oliver Leaman's interpretation of Faṣl al-maqāl leads him to the conclusion that Averroes allows for multiple, equally legitimate rationalities and works with a perspectival epistemological framework. 4 Conversely, Richard Taylor's examination of Faṣl al-maqāl constructs a rationalist Averroes whose commitment to the "unity of truth" precludes the possibility of a non-hierarchical relationship between philosophy and other modes of discourse, including scripture. 5 This essay, while it is primarily a modest, exegetical study of the relationship between philosophy and scripture in Faṣl al-maqāl, also discusses some of these


9562Background: Obesity has recently been associated with improved outcomes in male, but not female, MM pts treated with single-agent anti-CTLA4 and with single-agent anti-PD1 immunotherapy. Howeve...


To deepen educational reform,it is necessary to train the innovation talented person as the goal,then construct classroom instruction pattern of organic chemistry,reform teaching method,teaching means,teaching content and examination method by renovating the education idea.The practice show that goal teaching can improve teaching efficiency and train the students'creative abilities.


Objective quality assessment plays a crucial role in the evaluation and optimization processes of Virtual Reality (VR) technologies, for which state-of-the-art objective quality evaluation metrics for omnidirectional video, i.e., 360 degree video, are typically derived from traditional MSE (or PSNR). Here we propose an objective omnidirectional video quality assessment method based on structural similarity (SSIM) in the spherical domain. Adopting the relationship of the structural similarity between the 2-D plane and sphere, the interference brought by the projection between the two domains can be well handled in the assessment process. The performance of the proposed spherical structural similarity (S-SSIM) index is evaluated with a subjective omnidirectional video quality assessment database. As demonstrated in the experimental results, the proposed S-SSIM outperforms state-of-the-art objective quality assessment metrics in omnidirectional video quality assessment.


The distributions of velocity dispersion, gas temperature, and mass-to-light ratio for Abell clusters are calculated here in the standard cold dark matter (CDM) cosmogony in order to test the validity of the hierarchical clustering model for the formation of cosmic structure and to fix the value of the biasing parameter b which quantifies the segregation between galaxies and mass. To compare model predictions with optical data, catalogs of galaxies are constructed from N-body simulations and subjected to projection effects similar to those in Abell's cluster catalog. It is found that a significant fraction of rich clusters identified in projection do not correspond to rich three-dimensional clusters, but result instead from superpositions of foreground groups on poorer clusters. A similar fraction of true rich clusters are missed in the projected catalogs. Combining the simulations with recent hydrodynamical models, it is found that CDM models with b of 2-2.5 provide an acceptable match to present data. 52 refs.


* INTRODUCTION * Rethinking Criminal Justice: Retribution or Restoration? (Eleanor Hannon Judah and Rev. Michael Bryant) * The Social Costs of America's Race to Incarcerate (Marc Mauer and Michael Coyle) * Families and the Moral Economy of Incarceration (Donald Braman) * Drug Policy: A Challenge of Values (Eric E. Sterling) * From Destruction to Reconciliation: The Potential of Restorative Justice (Daniel Johnson) * Justice That Restores: From Impersonal to Personal Justice (Daniel W. Van Ness) * Emerging Issues: The Faith Communities and the Criminal Justice System (Daniel J. Misleh and Evelyn U. Hanneman) * The Practice and Efficacy of Restorative Justice (Kay Pranis) * From Fury to Forgiveness (Marietta Jaeger Lane) * Building from the Ground Up: Strategies for Creating Safe and Just Communities (Jeremy Travis) * "So Tell Me, Why Do Women Need Something Different?" (M. Susan Galbraith) * Social Work and Criminal Justice: The Uneasy Alliance (Frederic G. Reamer) * Thirty Years of CURE: The Struggle Is Its Own Reward (Pauline Sullivan and Charles Sullivan) * Index * Reference Notes Included


A conductive resin composition comprising: blending together (A) a thermoplastic resin and (B) a conductive polymer. The conductive polymer is doped with a conductive polyester dissociable inorganic salt. The doped polyester is at least one compound selected from (a) a polyester and (b), wherein (a) each of the weight average molecular weight of 50,000 to 500,000, and by at least a ring-opening polymerization of caprolactone as a monomer the polyester obtained, and (b) a comb polyester having one or more polyester chains, and each of the polyester chains each weight average molecular weight of 50,000 to 200,000, and by three as a polymerization initiator polyhydric alcohol in the presence of a functional or higher functional, lactone ring-opening polymerization obtained. The present invention also discloses a conductive resin molded article made from the conductive resin composition.


This thesis investigates the association in Britain between education and coronary heart disease (CHD) in two birth cohort studies and repeated cross-sectional studies from which synthetic cohorts were constructed according to minimum school leaving age in adolescence, with a longitudinal element derived from death registration. The thesis aimed to examine the association between education and the natural history of CHD by assessing various markers of the development of atherosclerosis (i.e., biological risk factors, clinical presentation of myocardial infarction or angina, and death). This work sought to compare a life course model of education and CHD in British adults by periods of birth, which captured the secular changes that have taken place in both education and CHD. Data were drawn from three existing sources to meet these goals: The Health Survey for England (HSE), The MRC National Survey of Health and Development (NSHD) and The National Child Development Study (NCDS). The HSE provided cross-sectional and longitudinal measures of education, CHD risk factors, myocardial infarction/angina, CHD mortality and potential mediators. The NSHD and NCDS provided prospective longitudinal measures of education, CHD risk factors, potential mediators and early life factors. The Relative/Slope Indices of Inequality suggested heightening inequalities in CHD mortality, myocardial infarction/angina and adiposity by particular birth periods in Britain, whereas blood pressure inequalities were found to have diminished. Unclear trends were shown for total cholesterol. Pathway models indicated that working life circumstances, family formation and health behavioural mechanisms explained educational inequalities in CHD risk factors in women. Significant pathways for men were shown for health behaviours only. Moreover, social circumstances and health from early life partly accounted for the direct effect of education on CHD risk. The relationship between education and CHD across different generations of British adults proved to be complex, driven by temporal changes in both education and CHD.


The issues of ensuring the accuracy of the filaments' production for additive manufacturing using the electron beam energy at the stage of drawing of a workpiece made of 12H18N9T steel were considered. The reduction ratio varied in the range from e = 5 % to e = 67.5 %. Calculations showed that the dimensions of a workpiece for producing filaments with a diameter of O 1.3-0.09 mm was limited by O 4.27-0.17 mm. It was experimentally established that the diameter of a filament made of 12H18N9T steel after the last reducing step (1.3 mm) exceeded the allowable diameter (1.3−0,09 mm) and equaled to 1.37 mm. This deviation is probably induced by elasto-plastic strains occurring in the wire in the drawing process. To provide the required accuracy of the filaments with a diameter of O 1.3-0.09 obtained by drawing of 12H18N9T steel, it was recommended to grin the diameter of a die taking into account the magnitude of the elastic deformations, i.e. provide the diameter 0.05 mm smaller than required.


Early stopping (ES) methods reduce the average number of iterations required for decoding turbo codes. These methods monitor the generated outputs along the iterations to terminate the loop once this output reaches a satisfactory level of reliability. It is the norm among the published ES methods to be applied after the output of the second decoder becomes available. In other words, an iteration index includes both decoders. In this paper, we propose a more efficient way to apply an ES method. This improvement relies on the fact that almost any ES check can be executed twice per iteration, i.e., after each decoder instead of after only the second one. In all the cases, the used ES algorithm considers the two most recent outputs from the constituent decoders. Results show further reduction in the average iterations for the decoding, which is practically important for conserving decoding resources.


Trinity University, in San Antonio, Texas, began its first year of a five-year plan to integrate information literacy into the liberal arts curriculum as a part of the required reaffirmation of accreditation by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools in 2008–2009. This opportunity brought changing roles for the library and librarians by providing an opportunity at wide-scale integration of information literacy goals into the curriculum with administrative support. The campus embraced the formation of an information literacy committee, and the administration provided support and funding for workshops, curricular grants, and new positions. This article details the goals, plan, and new personnel brought about by this program.


Computer design of radio electronic facilities and systems is currently the main tool for their creation by radio engineers. Diodes are widespread among the electronic component base used in the design. Modern physical layer models of diodes describe their operation with good accuracy, however, equivalent circuits models are used in radio engineering computer-aided design systems. In the vast majority of cases, these are simplified quasi-static models developed in the 70s of the last century. So, the dynamics of the diode operation is observed with a large error, and some aspects of transient processes are not modeled at all. In this paper we consider a refined non-quasi-static model of a diode with the dependence of the lifetime of nonequilibrium charge carriers on the forward current, the mathematical apparatus of which is expressed in the language of equivalent circuits. Therefore, it can be implemented directly by engineers. Using the dependence between the lifetime of nonequilibrium charge carriers and the forward current at a high level of injection in the non-quasistatic diode model, the modeling error of the output voltage of the push-pull pulse sharper does no more than 5%. The standard quasi-static model gives a significantly larger modeling error for both waveform and position. It is shown that the delay between the experimental and model curve is reduced by a factor of half.


In the previous report (report1), it became clear that introduction of the concept of dissipated fracture surface energy (Gc) during each crack propagation step is needed for good correspondence between numerical crack propagation analysis (3D-FEM dynamic analysis using local stress criterion) and experiment of small CCA (Compact Crack Arrest) specimen. In this paper, Gc concept is applied to ultra wide tensile problem which is representative for much major structure. Hypothetical Gc are arranged as the calculated crack propagation rate shows experimentally obtained range in three stress level conditions. As a result, Stress field around the running crack tip is increased as crack propagates and saturated at the point of Knom/σY・√ t=4. This saturation tendency is good correspondence with famous Keff concept). Next, in order to understand the intrinsic meaning of Gc and the change of Gc subjected to driving force, brittle fracture appearance were observed by small specimens fractures under various stress field. It is revealed that under high driving force condition roughness of fracture surface tends to increase and many sub-cracks are observed. These observations are qualitatively supporting the appropriateness of hypothesis of Gc.


Since at least 2011, designers and developers around the world have been creating innovative mobile applications for women's use to increase their sense of security while alone in public space; however, there is little known about women's everyday use of personal security applications nor how the personal security application phenomenon is making an impact in society. A small Swedish start-up company designed their own personal security application called SecurityApp and as their intern, I conducted an ethnographic research study focusing on young adult women's interaction with their new application. My main findings suggested women having little, if any, use for the application in their everyday lives as they went back to utilizing their old smart-phone calling habits. Hence, the question, technology changes, humans don't? This cultural analysis employed my internship's field material and a variety of theoretical perspectives and concepts from the fields of Ethnology, Sensual Anthropology, Social Interactionism, and Socio-paleontology to interpret the meanings of women's everyday phone call security habits. I suggest that women's phone call habits may be supporting a cultural continuity in how women use technology for safety and security in their everyday lives which may have led to the app being refused. I also provide exploratory insight on the possible norms and taboos surrounding women's sense of security. I lend insight on the personal security application phenomenon from a (ref)user's point of view. I demonstrate how women and their phone call habit seemed to fossilize SecurityApp, turning it into a lifeless social fossil, and then implicate that a new social fossil, like a refused mobile application, can be instrumental for both academia and the innovation industry when viewed as innovation waste. (Less)


On behalf of my fellow residents, I would like to welcome delegates to the Electrical Power and Energy Conference (EPEC) 2009. I am very pleased that IEEE Canada has once again selected Quebec's leading city for this international event.


Objective: To study the effect of psychological intervention on the mental health of the emergency nurses.Methods: Mental health survey was carried out among 15 emergency nurses,and individual psychological intervention was adopted to solve the existing problems.SCL-90 symptoms scale was applied to comparing the mental health status of the nurses before and after the intervention after 12 months.Results: After the intervention,the positive rate of anxiety,depression and somatization and hostility decreased more than those before the intervention,which was of significantly difference(P0.05).Conclusion: Nurses in the Emergency Department face much more working pressure.Therefore,effective intervention and psychological support for this reason will help adjust and improve the quality of nursing.


[Objective] The research aimed to study a paraffin method without using the microtome,and also introduced an analysis method for optical information of the plant anatomical digital photographs.[Method] The plant material softened or not was embedded in paraffin according to the paraffin method.Cut the thin paraffin sections from the paraffin block with a sharp two-sided blade under anatomical lens.The thin material sections rolled up when they were cut off.Took the section rolls to a slide,and then heated them to melt the paraffin section roll.When the paraffin melted,the sections of plant material were rolled out.After the common or simplified procedures of staining and mounting,the preparations were finished.When an anatomical digital photograph was processed,copy it into the word file and two copies of the original photograph were obtained.One copy was selected to make it to be a negative photograph,and then press the key "Press Screen" to copy the screen frame.After it was copied into the word file,cut of the unnecessary parts and other operations were carried out,then processed photograph was obtained.[Results] The anatomical preparation for research was gotten.The analyzed digital photograph of the leaf structure of Salix matsudana var.matsudana f.tortuosa has some a three-dimensional effect,and the different leaf structures and cells,e.g.cuticle,cell wall,protoplast,vein,etc.can be identified easily.[Conclusion]The paraffin method without using the microtome has advantages of low cost and higher efficiency,which could be applied by the beginner or in the time without a microtome to be used.The analysis of the plant anatomical digital photographs can acquire more structural information than the original digital photographs,which shows the potentiality and prospects of the optical information analysis of the microscopic imagery and its digital photograph.


IRANIAN CIVILIZATION FOSTERED AN INTEREST IN ASTROLOGY STARTING FROM PREIslamic times. Thanks to the studies of David Pingree and R. Lemay and, more recently, of George Saliba, Charles Burnett, A. Panaino, and E. Raffaelli, we are on firm ground regarding the development of astrological knowledge in the Islamic world, and specifically the contribution to it of pre-Islamic Iranian civilization. As for the Persian texts in the field, even though they have been studied to a much lesser extent than those written in Arabic, they contain rich materials which shed further light on the socio-cultural context of science in the Iranian world during the Islamic period. From the time of the Samanids (204/819–395/1005) and the Buyids (320/932–454/1062), the Persian language began to be used to popularize scientific matters and it eventually also came to be used, under the patronage of non-Iranian dynasties, to express important scientific achievements, such as astronomical tables. As attested by the many extant manuscript copies dating from the medieval period, it would appear that the Timurid period was particularly rich in astrological texts written in Persian. Although the Timurids patronized many other fields of scientific inquiry, such as astronomy and anatomy, they particularly favored astrology. Recent research on the Timurid period indicates that the rulers of this dynasty took a keen interest in personal horoscopes. Even though no original discoveries were made in the field of astrology at the end of Timurid rule, i.e., the period of Sultan-Husayn Bayqara (r. 873/1469–911/1506), judging from the example of the poetess and astrologer Bijah (or


According to the Fourth Assessment Report of IPCC (2007), global warming has manifested in several consequent climatic changes in different regions of the world. These include both mean climate shifts and distribution changes of various climatic elements resulting in more frequent or more intense extreme climate events related to precipitation, drought, and warm conditions. In order to analyze these extremes, a joint WMO-CCl (World Meteorological Organization Commission for Climatology) / CLIVAR (a project of the World Climate Research Programme addressing Climate Variability and Predictability) Working Group formed in 1998 on climate change detection (Karl et al., 1999); and one of its task groups aimed to identify climate extreme indices (Peterson et al., 2002) and completed a climate extreme analysis on all parts of the world where appropriate data were available (Frich et al., 2002; Alexander et al., 2006). Klein Tank and Können (2003) analyzed extreme climate indices on continental scale for Europe (86 and 151 stations were used in case of temperature and precipitation time series, respectively) for the second half of the 20th century. Extreme climate analysis results for the Carpathian Basin (located in Central/Eastern Europe) using 32 stations for the 20th century are discussed in Bartholy and Pongracz (2007) and Pongracz and Bartholy (2007). For the future, Kharin et al. (2007) used global climate model outputs to analyze the expected changes of extreme climatic conditions in the whole world. According to their results cold extremes are projected to warm faster by about 30-40% on global average than warm extremes. Furthermore, the returning period of extreme precipitation events are very likely to become reduced in the future. In this paper, simulated trends of extreme temperature and precipitation indices is discussed for the Carpathian Basin for the last three decades of the 21st century using outputs of several regional climate model simulations with 50 km horizontal resolution. The next section presents the daily temperature and precipitation simulated datasets used in our study. Then, expected changes of extreme temperature indices are discussed for the Carpathian Basin followed by a similar analysis for the precipitation indices. Finally, the last section summarizes the main findings of this paper. 2. DATA


This invention is for placing over worn or damaged covers of books without removing the old covers and in order to provide a quick and inexpensive restoration. This invention is not a "dust cover" but is a "self-binder" made of sheet material that is not pliant enough to be suitable for folding around the edges of an old cover; and it is secured to the old cover by adhesive. The preferred construction has the inside surfaces of the front and back covers of the self-binder coated with a pressure sensitive adhesive mass covered by a release sheet that is peeled off before bringing the front and back cover portions into contact wtih the front and back cover of the book. A spine portion of the self-binder has zones of greater flexibility than that of the cover portions; and these zones may be spaced parallel zones that provide potential hinge lines with geometrical spacing to accommodate books of different thickness. The self-binder hinges are strong enough to permanently replace torn original cover hinges. The edges of the self-binder are trimmed to be flush with the old cover. The trimming may be after adhering to the old cover or surviving first and last pages or by cutting on lines of the release paper before adhering to the book. The invention can also be used for new books, if desired.


The search of finding best vegetable oil based nanofluid from a set of three nanoparticle enriched cutting fluids for machining is core objective of the work. Extensive research has been done to replace conventional cutting fluids by nanofluids, but abundant analysis for vegetable oil based nanofluids is accomplished in this work which was not seen earlier. Also, the study investigated the cutting performance and comparative assessment towards machinability improvement during hard turning of high-strength-low-alloy (HSLA) AISI 4340 steel using four different compositions of nanofluids by minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) technique. Cutting are investigated and analyzed through this article during hard turning using minimum quantity lubrication (MQL). Cutting force, tool wear (flank and crater), surface integrity (surface roughness, residual stress, microhardness, and surface morphology), and chip morphology are considered as technological performance characteristics to evaluate the machinability of hardened AISI 4340 steel. Additionally, the effect of various fluid properties like thermal conductivity, viscosity, surface tension and contact angle were examined for all nanofluids. Three set of nanofluid samples were prepared using Al2O3, CuO and Fe2O3 with rice bran oil and their various properties are analysed at 0.1% concentration. On comparison among these three nanofluids used, CuO nanofluid exhibited superior behavior followed by Fe2O3 nanofluids while Al2O3 nanofluid was last in the row.


The globally threatened Bristled Grassbird Chaetornis striatus is found only in few protected areas of Nepal, India, Bangladesh and Pakistan. In Nepal, the bird is recorded from Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve (KTWR), Chitwan NaFonal Park and Suklphanta Wildlife Reserve. No systemaFc studies on Bristled Grassbird had so far been conducted in Nepal and there was no up-to-date informaFon available on this parFcular bird. The bird was remained a mysterious bird for long Fme since its discovery to the science by Jerdon in 1841(Ali and Ripley 1987, Inskipp 1996, Baral 1997). Very liRle was known about Bristled Grassbird and its habitat ecology in Nepal. Therefore, this study was conducted from 31, March to 15, May, 2010 to Xnd out the populaFon status and assess habitat ecology of the Bristled Grassbird in Chitwan NaFonal Park. Call Play Back Method was used in transects laid perpendicular to river to determine populaFon status of the bird. Similarly, vegetaFon and threats were measured from systemaFcally distributed circular sample plots from Chitwan NaFonal Park. In addiFon to populaFon status, habitat and threats, breeding behavior was also observed from the park. Chitwan NaFonal Park (83 45' 8458'E and 27 15'N 2735'N) is located in lowland or Dun valley of southern central Nepal and is selected for this study based on previous records of the birds. The Bristled Grassbird is migratory bird to Chitwan NaFonal Park. The populaFon of Bristled Grassbird in three grasslands; Sahura-Padampur, Bhimle/Meghauli and Khagendramalli are 257±148,232±93 and 447±179 pairs respecFvely within the esFmated potenFal habitat of 15.18 km in the RapF River Flood plain. Besides Bristled Grassbird, 113 Plain Prinia, 8 Grey-crowned Prinia and 4 Slender-billed Babbler were recorded. The bird prefers Xve Fmes the grassland dominated by Sachharum spontaneum than other grasses. Presence of birds is negaFvely correlated with tree density to some extent. The bird dislikes the high grazing intensity while prefers naturally balanced grassland grazed by wild herbivores. The bird strongly prefers grassland of primary succession and therefore changes in vegetaFon succession could be major threat to the species. ColonizaFon of grassland by invasive species like Mikania micrantha could cause loss of preferred grassland of the bird. Bristled Grassbird's special habitat management, research of various ecological aspects, research on this bird from Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve, Suklaphanta Wildlife Reserve and along Narayani Flood Plain in Chitwan NaFonal Park and research on ecect of irregular Xre are recommended for further conservaFon acFons.


Thesis (M.E.)--American University of Beirut, Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2007.;"Co-Advisor: Dr. Ibrahim Abou-Faycal, Assistant Professor, Electrical and Computer Engineering--Co-Advisor: Dr. Fadi Karameh, Assistant Professor, Electrical


Logistic regression is most popular techniques incorporated in traditional statistics. Usually, this regression is applicable when the dependent variable is of categorical binary in nature. In the field of Statistics and Machine learning, classification of data is critical to discriminate to which set of clusters a new observation belongs, in the base of training set of a data containing observation whose group relationship is known. In this paper, we are focusing on the concepts of Logistic regression and classification tree. A large data taken from UCI (Machine learning Repository) incorporated for this research work. The aim of study is to distinguish the results obtained from Logistic regression and decision tree. At the end, decision tree gives better results than Logistic regression.


This study attempts to utilize newly developed machine learning techniques in order to develop a general prediction algorithm for agricultural soils in Saudi Arabia, specifically in the Taif region. Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) measurements were used to develop national predictive models that predict the concentrations of 14 micronutrients in soils of Taif rose farms, for providing high-quality data comparable to conventional methods. Machine learning algorithms used in this study included the simple linear model, the multivariate linear regression (MLR); and two nonlinear models, the random forest (RF) and multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS). Our study proposes a machine learning (ML) strategy for predicting fertility parameters more accurately in agricultural soils using 10 farms of the Taif rose (Rosa damascena) in Taif, Saudi Arabia as a case study. Results demonstrated that MARS provides higher prediction performance when the number of explanatory variables is small, while RF is superior when the number of variables is large. On the other hand, the MLR is recommended as a moderate method for predicting multivariate variables. The study showed that multivariate models can be used to overwhelm the drawbacks of the EDXRF device, such as high detection limits and an element that cannot be directly measured.


From the beginning, the ultimate act of the Moving Landscape project has been to produce a collective book, to be seen as a dramaturgy that comprises visions and perceptions that emerged during the artistic residencies and the collective writing workshops. The Planar collective, Anna Vasta and Antonio Ottomanelli, with Alessia Bernardini, have led the group towards the definition of the narrative and editorial structure, and have ultimately been asked to collaborate through this last phase. This has been a process of discussion and experimentation, during which works realized by the four artists in residence (Enoch Chen, Anne-Marie Creamer, TJ Hospodar, Santiago Morilla), writings by narrators, and pictures by Yacine Benseddik have been totally deconstructed and put together again into a mutual dialogue to restitute a complex, somehow fading, imaginary of those crossed lands and artistic approaches.

Creamer's works for the Moving Landscape project include: 'The Passing of the Keepers of Salento', an 11 minute video, with related works including a text-based version of the video, and 'Dear Anne-Marie' a scripted scenario and performative intervention.


Arterial blood entering the rigid skull is pulsatile. The brain requires a homeostatic environment, and a number of disease processes are now being linked to excessive pulsatility in the brain. Given this fact there must be some mechanism in normal brains for diverting the pulsatility away from the brain, providing a smooth flow of blood. Any such system would be constrained by the Monro-Kellie doctrine, which tells us that the sum of volumes entering the rigid skull must equal the sum of volumes exiting the rigid skull for all instances of time. A further constraint exists whereby the normal brain is considered to be of constant volume. Consequently, the sum of the blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volumes in the skull is constant at any given time. Since the venous outflow does not exactly match the arterial inflow at all times, this must be compensated for by bulk movement of CSF from the skull. The production and absorption mechanisms of CSF are far too slow to be responsible for this. Fortunately there exists a compliant spinal subarachnoid space which is able to accommodate the superfluous CSF, during systole, and return it during diastole. It may be possible for the exact nature of the intracranial fluid dynamics to be described quantitatively via modelling with an equivalent electrical circuit. In this document we describe the relevant biological structures and discuss this possibility. The Anatomy of the Ventricular System The ventricular system (Fig.1) consists of four ventricles; two lateral ventricles, between and below which sits the third ventricle, which is connected by the cerebral aqueduct to the fourth ventricle [1]. Figure 1: A) Anterior view of the ventricular system B) Posterior view of the ventricular system. Each of the lateral ventricles sits in one of the cerebral hemispheres such that they become mirror images of one another. They form a shape that approximates the letter C, but with a tail, as if it was to be joined up to a previous letter. They are virtually independent, but a connection exists between them, known as the interventricular foramen, which also connects the lateral ventricles to the third ventricle. The third ventricle is thin in one dimension so as to slot in between the two cerebral hemispheres, but has a relatively large area in the other two dimensions. A tubular structure with diameter approximately equal to the thickness of the


Value appraisal of human resource is an objective requirement of market economy as well as a necessary means to avoid loss of assets of enterprises.Establishing value appraisal system of human resources should abide by the principles of revitalizing stock assets,integrating incentive mechanism,and indirectly pricing that is easy to operate.The main contents of value appraisal of human resources include the original value,knowledge experience,work ability,working performance,social adaptability and development potential.Through the determination of the value appraisal system of human resources and the assessment mechanism,we can form a management mechanism of human resources directed by ability and performance.


ABSTRACT China is expected to launch its national emissions trading scheme (ETS) in 2017. When designing an ETS, the cap, coverage and allocation are three key elements that must be considered. In general, three approaches are used to determine a scheme's cap, coverage and allocation when considering whether a cap should be set and the method of setting a cap, namely, no-cap, top-down and bottom-up approaches. However, as a multi-tiered ETS established in an emerging economy, China's national ETS faces special economic, technical and bargaining cost issues. To address these special issues, a unique approach, which is different from general approaches in theory and in major global ETSs, has been used in China's national ETS to integrate its cap, coverage and allocation. Based on a comparative analysis of general approaches in theory and practice, this article provides a detailed introduction to the method for integrating the cap, coverage and allocation in China's national ETS. It further reveals three challenges behind this unique approach and puts forward relevant policy suggestions. Key policy insights As a multi-tiered ETS established in an emerging economy, China's national ETS faces special economic, technical and bargaining cost issues. The general approaches (i.e. no-cap, top-down and bottom-up approaches) to determine a scheme's cap, coverage and allocation cannot completely address the special issues in China's national ETS. China's national ETS uses a unique approach combining top-down and bottom-up methods to integrate its cap, coverage and allocation. Three challenges remain behind this approach: the harmonization of local differences and national unified rules, the independent selection of covered sectors by local governments and the rationality underlying the selected allocation method.


Introduction: Acute leukemias (AL) are clonal diseases classified into two large groups: acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL), more common in children, and acute myeloid leukemia (AML), more rare in childhood, besides the rare phenotype leukemias such as acute biphenotypic leukemia (ABL) and undifferentiated acute leukemia (UAL). Although the cytomorphology still be relevant in theses leukemias diagnoses, the immunophenotyping by flow cytometry (FC) have become essential in the diagnosis, classification and follow-up of these neoplasms, standing out as a modern and practical methodology, presenting characteristically as a method of multiparametric and quantitative analysis of the leukemic cells. Objective: The objective of this study was realize a retrospective study of immunophenotyping in 371 patients with AL. Methodology: Immunophenotyping was performed biological samples by FC after labeling with a panel of monoclonal antibodies specific for AL directed against lymphoid antigens (B, T and NK cells), myeloid, and markers related to other cell immaturity. At the same time, information was obtained regarding patients such as age, sex, clinical data related to the disease, and previous hematological analysis. Results: From 371 cases, 127 were ALL (71 B lineage and 55 T=ALL), 239 AML, 04 ABL and 2 UAL. In the ALL, it was observed a higher frequency in children, contrasting with the cases of AML, ABL and UAL more prevalent in adults. In ALL, clinical signs and laboratorial data related to disease were more present in the ALL-T and mature-B corroborating with information in the literature. In AML, ABL and UAL the most clinical parameters observed were splenomegaly, hepatomegaly and bleeding. The classification FAB subtypes of AML more predominant were M1, M2 and M4 and lower incidence of the M7 subtype. Conclusion: These data demonstrate the importance of FC technology in the diagnosis, classification and establishment of prognostic factors of these neoplasms.

 No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Hydrogen generation in solar photoelectrochemical reactors could provide an important contribution to future energy regimes by storing intermittent renewable energy in a versatile energy vector. Using waste water as electron donor potentially facilitates economic operation. Here, organic contaminants instead of water are oxidised at the anode and two products of value are obtained simultaneously: hydrogen and clean water. Three different reactor concepts were compared in terms of ohmic losses. Based on the results of the simplified analysis a novel planar and scalable solar reactor with an aperture area of 368 cm2 was developed. It features a perforated photocathode and a non-perforated photoanode, both cold gas sprayed, in tandem arrangement and accepts electrolyte temperatures of up to 80°C. Confirmed by ray-tracing simulations the slit design of the photocathode allows homogeneous illumination of the two involved photoelectrodes with DLR's test platform SoCRatus (Solar Concentrator with a Rectangular Flat Focus). The photocathode compartment and the photoanode compartment are separated by a membrane. Thus, the membrane being located in the optical path has to show sufficiently high transparency for solar light, particularly in the UV-Vis range. A 1,418 h aging study was performed in order to assess the optical performance of a Nafion™ membrane N1110 exposed to an aqueous mixture at 80°C, which contained 10 vol.-% methanol as a model substance for organic contaminants and sulfuric acid to adjust pH 3. It could be verified that the membrane maintains high transparency in the considered wavelength region from 280 nm to 1,100 nm which suggests the feasibility of the reactor concept. The design electrolyte flow of 2.5 l/min through each of the two reactor chambers practically allows isothermal operation on the SoCRatus under 17.5-fold concentrated irradiation. The inlet and outlet geometry of the reactor aims at uniform flow patterns, a low pressure drop as well as effective product gas transport and was optimised for automatic manufacturing. Reference electrodes and temperature sensors are incorporated directly in the reactor body for extended analysis and operation options. The parts of the reactor ensure compatibility with a wide range of waste waters and involved chemicals as well as mechanical stability. Moreover, they are resistant to light exposure and weathering.


Objective To study the over-expression and clinical implications of the oncogene MDM2 in acute leukemia (AL). Methods The expression of MDM2 gene in 100 patients with newly diagnosed and relapse or refractory AL and 20 healthy as control was measured by relative quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR),then the results was measured by χ2-test,t-test and one-way ANOVA to compare expession positive rate and intensity of MDM2. Results Among 100 patients,fifty-eight had the high expression of MDM2 gene (58 %). The expression level of MDM2 gene in patients was higher than that of health controls(P <0.05). The expression positive rate of MDM2 is higher in poor outcome group (67.9 %,19/28)than that in general outcome group (33.9%,19/56) (P<0.05). Conclusion Our results suggest that the expression of MDM2 gene plays an important role in the pathogenesis and poor outcome of AL.

Key words:
Leukemia,acute;  Proto-oncogene proteins C-MDM2;  Prognosis


By analyzing the governing factors of residual stress in Plasma Spray process, the calculating model of residual stress was suggested based on an adding/removal model. Based on this model, we draw two conclusions: (1) The maximum residual stress is located mainly near the coating-substrate interface (2)Added coating layers can effectively reduce the residual stress.


Handheld battery-operated consumer electronics devices such as camera phones, digital still cameras, digital camcorders, and personal media players have become very popular in recent years. Video codecs are extensively used in these devices for video capture and/or playback. The annual shipment of such devices already exceeds a hundred million units and is growing, which makes mobile battery-operated video device requirements very important to focus in video coding research and development. This paper highlights the following unique set of requirements for video coding for these applications: low power consumption, high video quality at low complexity, and low cost, and motivates the need for a new video coding standard that enables better trade-offs of power consumption, complexity, and coding efficiency to meet the challenging requirements of portable video devices. This paper also provides a brief overview of some of the video coding technologies being presented in the ITU-T Video Coding Experts Group (VCEG) standardization body for computational complexity reduction and for coding efficiency improvement in a future video coding standard.


Eosinophils are important innate effector cells that protect the host against invading multicellular parasites, although they also play a deleterious role in allergic diseases. The earliest committed progenitor cell for eosinophils was identified to be positive for both CD34 and IL-5Ra. However, information concerning unique membrane markers to identify the subsequent stages of eosinophil maturation is very limited. In this study we identified multiple membrane markers that distinguish the different middle-late maturation stages of eosinophils in the bone marrow (BM) of healthy human volunteers. BM and peripheral blood were collected from 12 healthy volunteers. Eosinophilic promyelocytes, myelocytes, metamyelocytes and mature eosinophils were morphologically identified and sorted by flow cytometry according to their CD11b/CD62L expression. The expression of other antibodies against known membrane markers on eosinophils, LAIR1 (CD305), Alpha-4 (CD49d), CCR3 (CD193), FcγRIII (CD64), CR1 (CD35), CEACAM-8 (CD66b), SIGLEC-8, IL-5Ra (CD125) and IL-3Ra (CD123), was also determined. Classically, eosinophils are considered as innate effector cells that are essential in protecting the host against invading multicellular parasites (particularly helminths) by releasing a variety of preformed potent granular mediators and producing toxic reactive oxygen species. The synergism between these two mechanisms arms these cells sufficiently to kill large pathogens, at least in vitro. At the same time, clonal proliferation of eosinophil precursors can lead to chronic eosinophilic leukemia, a disease accompanied by cardiovascular, respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms. Despite the consensus regarding the importance of eosinophils in homeostasis and disease, remarkably little is known about their life cycle and maturation in the BM in homeostasis ("health"). It has been shown that IL-5R expression in BM-derived CD34 myeloblasts characterizes the earliest committed eosinophil precursor. Nevertheless, the fate of these myeloblasts and the sub-


Multi-sensory data has exhibited a clear advantage in expressing richer and more complex feelings, on the Emotion Recognition in Conversation (ERC) task. Yet, current methods for multimodal dynamics that aggregate modalities or employ additional modality-specific and modality-shared networks are still inadequate in balancing between the sufficiency of multimodal processing and the scalability to incremental multi-sensory data type additions. This incurs a bottleneck of performance improvement of ERC. To this end, we present MetaDrop, a differentiable and end-to-end approach for the ERC task that learns module-wise decisions across modalities and conversation flows simultaneously, which supports adaptive information sharing pattern and dynamic fusion paths. Our framework mitigates the problem of modelling complex multimodal relations while ensuring it enjoys good scalability to the number of modalities. Experiments on two popular multimodal ERC datasets show that MetaDrop achieves new state-of-the-art results.


Armies must, in the nature of things, change and develop very slowly during peace, since they have always to be ready for action, and can never discard a weapon, an organization, or a tactical doctrine till a new one has been proved by long and careful experiment. Even then, financial limitations will often forbid the adoption of some arm or organization recognized as desirable. With the increasing agitation for disarmament this financial brake on military progress has become a fourwheel brake. The fable of Minerva springing fully armed from the brain of Jupiter shows what advantage gods possess over mortals in short-cutting the usual channels and normal period of gestation for military projects. The problem which faces the reformer of armies in peace might be likened to that of an architect called on to alter and modernize an old-fashioned house without increasing its size, with the whole family still living in it (often grumbling at the architect's improvements, since an extra bathroom can only be added at the expense of someone's dressing-room) and under the strictest financial limitations. Meanwhile military thought and ideas of all kind ("lucid, average, incoherent," as A. F. B. 194 would put it) are being poured forth, far ahead of the possibilities of re-organization and re-equipment. The following discussion makes no claim whatever to originality, but represents an attempt to discover the general tendencies of military organization since the war, and to state what seem to be the logical results of the present military theories and inclinations as set forth by the best of the military writers, particularly as those theories affect the peculiar problem of the British Army. The principal factors that faced the makers of armies at the end of the war may be summed up as follows:– (a) The movement of unarmoured men on the battlefield in the face of machine gun fire had become so costly in casualties, that the assaulting power of infantry had been reduced almost to vanishing point. (b) Two methods of redressing the balance against the attacker had been evolved; the one was by a great increase of artillery fire-power to neutralize the fire-power of the machine gun, the second was to combine fire and movement in an armoured vehicle, made possible by the entry of petrol into warlike uses. Speaking broadly, the first may be termed the French, and the second the British answer to the problem. (c) The progress made in aviation had introduced into warfare an entirely new factor, and a new dimension. This was also due to the discovery of petrol, the greatest solvent of previous methods of war since the invention of gunpowder.


With the advancement of information and communication technology, sensors, actuators or other computational elements can be embedded seamlessly in the daily objects of our lives. These components can make our lives smarter by generating an intelligent living environment called smart home. Information indicating environmental changes can be integrated from many sources and exchanged in such an environment through wireless communications. Smart homes attempt to create a human-centered environment that let all kinds of components work cooperatively to make residents lives more comfortable, and allow the environment to respond adaptively to various requests. They are also be expected to autonomously acquire contextual information under the premise of ensuring privacy to guarantee the safety of residents and improve their experience in that environment. As a prerequisite for all above functionalities, activity recognition is an important part of smart home applications. It greatly affects the appropriateness and accuracy of intelligent assistance and preventive interventions. However, modeling and understanding human behaviors involve many tasks, each of which may affect the final recognition results. First, the collected sensor data is massive and continuous with various data types. How to filter noise, extract useful behavioral patterns and manage discovered knowledge are a thorny issue at the preprocessing stage. Second, because of various lifestyles and other factors, there are often many different behavioral patterns that describe the same activities. Moreover, different activities may also have similar patterns. In addition, some composite activities can be performed in a continuous, concurrent or interleaved manner. These factors increase the uncertainty and complexity of activity recognition problem. Third, if there are multiple residents in a smart home, it is difficult to determine exactly who triggered some sensor events or which activity a sensor data belongs to. Fourth, how to detect abnormal data and normal one as well as the moments they occur are also very difficult. The purpose of this thesis is to establish a knowledge-driven activity inference engine based on formal concept analysis to extract useful behavioral patterns and model human behaviors from massive sensor data. All explored inferences are represented as nodes in a lattice structure knowledge base. Using partially observed data as a query condition, we propose a new lattice search algorithm to incrementally retrieve the most probable inference in order to recognize ongoing activities and predict subsequent behaviors. Furthermore, abnormal behavioral patterns are successfully detected to avoid activity failures or severe consequences. More complex situations, such as composite and multi-resident activity recognition can also be addressed by the extension modules of the inference engine. Finally, we use an incremental lattice construction algorithm to strengthen the inference engine to avoid retraining the whole model when new training data with new features are available. Compared with recently published research, our method avoids the interventions of domain experts in building a knowledge base and can achieve competitive results in the benchmark datasets with or without unbalanced distribution.

Avec l'avancement des technologies de l'information et de la communication, des capteurs ou d'autres composants informatiques peuvent etre integres de maniere transparente aux objets quotidiens de notre vie. Ces composants peuvent rendre nos vies plus intelligentes en generant un environnement intelligent appele maison intelligente. Les informations et les donnees indiquant les changements de l'environnement peuvent etre integrees a partir de nombreuses sources et echangees dans un tel environnement par les communications sans fil. Les maisons intelligentes tentent de creer un environnement concentre sur humains qui permet a toutes sortes de composants de travailler en cooperation pour rendre la vie des residents plus confortable et permettre a l'environnement de repondre de maniere adaptative aux diverses demandes. Ils sont egalement censes acquerir des informations contextuelles en maniere autonome afin de garantir la securite des residents et d'ameliorer leur experience dans cet environnement. Pour reduire le fardeau des familles et de la societe, la communaute scientifique considere les environnements intelligents comme une solution prometteuse pour aider les personnes âgees a vivre de maniere autonome avec dignite et bien-etre. Les donnees sensorielles indiquant les changements environnementaux et le comportement humain devraient etre recueillies par les reseaux de capteurs sans fil dans les maisons intelligentes. Apres avoir compris les situations en temps reel et les activites en cours, les maisons intelligentes peuvent fournir une assistance proactive si necessaire pour aider les personnes âgees a mieux accomplir leurs activites. De plus, si certains residents ont tendance a se comporter de maniere anormale en raison de leur deficience cognitive, les maisons intelligentes peuvent detecter ces anomalies, evaluer leurs menaces, les avertir et prendre des mesures preventives ou des interventions pour eviter d'autres consequences graves. Comme condition prealable a toutes les fonctionnalites ci-dessus, la reconnaissance d'activite est une partie importante des applications de maison intelligente. Cela affecte grandement la pertinence et l'exactitude de l'assistance intelligente et des interventions preventives. Cependant, la modelisation et la comprehension des comportements humains impliquent de nombreuses tâches, dont chacune peut affecter les resultats de la reconnaissance finale. Premierement, les donnees collectees sur les capteurs sont massives, heterogenes et continues. Comment filtrer les donnees de bruit, extraire les modeles comportementaux utiles et leur gestion des connaissances sont un probleme epineux au stade du pretraitement. Deuxiemement, en raison de divers modes de vie et d'autres facteurs, il peut y avoir de nombreux modeles de comportement differents qui decrivent les memes activites. De plus, differentes activites peuvent egalement avoir des tendances similaires. De plus, certaines activites composites peuvent etre realisees de maniere continue, simultanee ou entrelacee. Ces facteurs augmentent l'incertitude et la complexite du probleme de reconnaissance d'activite. Troisiemement, s'il y a plusieurs residents dans une maison intelligente, il est difficile de determiner exactement qui a declenche certains evenements de capteurs ou a quelle activite appartiennent les donnees d'un capteur. Quatriemement, comment detecter des donnees anormales et normales ainsi que les moments ou elles se produisent sont egalement tres difficiles. Le but de cette these est d'etablir un moteur d'inference d'activite base sur la connaissance basee sur l'analyse conceptuelle formelle pour extraire des modeles comportementaux utiles et modeliser des comportements humains a partir de donnees de capteurs massives et heterogenes. Toutes les inferences explorees sont representees sous la forme de noeuds dans une base de connaissances de la structure en treillis. En utilisant des donnees partiellement observees comme condition de requete, nous proposons un nouvel algorithme de recherche sur reseau pour recuperer de facon incrementielle l'inference la plus probable afin de reconnaitre les activites en cours et de predire les comportements subsequents. De plus, des modeles comportementaux anormaux dus a des erreurs cognitives sont detectes avec succes pour eviter des echecs d'activite ou des consequences graves. Des situations plus complexes, telles que la reconnaissance d'activite composite et multi-resident peuvent egalement etre adressees par les modules d'extension du moteur d'inference. Enfin, nous utilisons un algorithme de construction de reseau incremental pour renforcer le moteur d'inference afin d'eviter de recycler l'ensemble du modele lorsque de nouvelles donnees d'entrainement avec de nouvelles fonctionnalites sont disponibles. Par rapport a la recherche publiee recemment, notre methode evite les interventions des experts du domaine dans la construction d'une base de connaissances, et peut atteindre des resultats competitifs dans les jeux de donnees de reference avec ou sans distribution desequilibree.


This paper addresses the problem of user pairing, subchannel assignment and power allocation in a downlink cooperative non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) network. A joint user pairing and subchannel assignment algorithm is proposed that pairs a user having strong channel conditions with a user having weak channel conditions and assigns them a subchannel simultaneously. Each strong user acts as a relay for the weak user. A Stackelberg game (SG) is employed and a closed-form solution is given to allocate power among the users by the base station (BS) considering the mutual benefits of each user and the BS. Simulation results prove the effectiveness of the proposed scheme in terms of average sum rate of users as compared to that of the cooperative orthogonal multiple access (OMA) scheme and existing NOMA schemes.


An efficient and practical way has been put forward by homocoupling 4,4′-bis(benzocyclobutene) with magnesium and iron or manganese salt as catalysts at room temperature.The paper explores a variety of iron salt catalysts and catalytic properties of different metal salts,and optimizes the amount of catalysts selected.The catalytic system and synthetic program used in the study are better than the existing production techniques for synthesizing two-biphenyl compounds and benzocyclobutene.


The purpose of this paper is to analyze the death rate of Mexican population from 1980 to 2015, and estimate the death rate according to the seven main causes of death in 2050. For this purpose, four data sources are used: Population and housing censuses, population and housing statistics and inter-country surveys (2015). In addition, specific rates of standardized mortality by age and sex were estimated, and death projections were calculated using gamma estimation. The results show that by 2050, the main cause of death will be non-communicable diseases, also known as chronic degenerative diseases. This may lead to increased economic expenditure on health care and increased adult care time. All of these may lead to changes in social roles and workload.


The article deals with the development of trade relations between Finnmark (Northern Norway) and the Kola North (Russia) in the focus of historical and political approach on the example of the two countries in the Barents Pomor Trade, relations during the ancient period, period Cold War and the establishment of the Barents cooperation. The author comes to the conclusion that the border regions are the essence of a whole, and the border is a connecting factor. The author presents the prospects for Russian-Norwegian trade relations in the case of the visa-free regime and development of the Barents cooperation in the XXI century.


A hysteresis model is used to describe experimental data on sawtooth crash in the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak. The model is based on hysteresis which arises due to the fact that the value of the current density gradient (approximated for the H-mode discharges studied here, by the temperature gradient) at the q =1 surface required to turn on the instabil- ity is greater than the gradient required to maintain the instability, once it is turned on. The value of the hysteresis parame- ter can be chosen such that the model reproduces correctly the two time scales of the sawtooth crash in the ASDEX Up- grade tokamak: the slow rise time (~7 ms) and the rapid crash time (~50μs).


In relaxation labeling, the domain model is incorporated into the system through the constraint functions ( compatibility coefficients). The selection of these functions is shown to be critical. In particular, for certain choices of the contraint functions, some processes will have a single nontrivial convergence point regardless of the initial labeling. Criteria on the constraint functions which result in a single convergence point are presented for those relaxation labeling processes whose formulations are within the framework of an optimization problem. We then present the necessary and sufficient conditions on the constraint €unctions under which the first of these sufficiency criteria is satisfied. The othpr conditions can be tested using standard techniques. These criteria yield a formal guideline for detecting some of the inadmi-ible constraint functions.


An important issue in developing computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) methods is to demonstrate the ability of a computer aid to improve diagnostic accuracy when used by radiologists. A related issue to that is to understand how radiologists' decision-making is influenced by the computer aid. We conducted an observer performance study designed to address these issues for a computerized classification scheme for malignant and benign clustered microcalcifications in mammograms. Results of the study showed that radiologists' diagnostic performance improved significantly when they used the computer aid. The results also showed that radiologists were able to incorporate the computer aid -- a quantitative analysis of the mammogram -- effectively in their decision- making.


The title of this law research is "Efectivity of implementation of space zoning
law enforcement on Jalan Bantul-Yogyakarta Distric Bantul". It is an empirical or
sosiological law research, that has a goal to know how far the efectivity of the law which
prevails, specialy space zoning law on Jalan Bantul-Yogyakarta. Primary data is colected
from 30 people as respondent who live on border of Jalan Bantul-Yogyakarta.
Approach of this law research is an induktif method, that is by drawing conclusion
from the specific variables into general conclusion.
In the level of law dogmatic, it is treated description, synchronization, analysis,
interpretation and evaluation of the law which prevails, specialy connected with space
zoning law. It is also treated horizontal and vertical systematization and synchronization
in order to find conclusion that the law prevails for regulation of zoning plan on Jalan
Bantul-Yogyakarta, such as "UUD RI Tahun 1945, UU Nomor 5 Tahun 1950 tentang
Peraturan Dasar Pokok-Pokok Agraria, UU Nomor 26 Tahun 2007 tentang Penataan
Ruang, Peraturan Daerah Kabupaten Bantul Nomor 4 Tahun 2002 tentang Rencana Tata
Ruang Wilayah Kabupaten Bantul, and Peraturan Daerah Kabupaten Bantul Nomor 7
Tahun 2002 tentang Izin Mendirikan Bangunan".
By using law sociology approach, it is colected public opinion of the efectivity of
the law which prevails, that organize space zoning on Jalan Bantul-Yogyakarta. It is also
colected the public response of government agencies law enforcement efforts.
By using law political approach, based on public opinion, found a future goal, how
is the ideal space zoning plan for society's prosperous and welfare on Jalan Bantul-
Yogyakarta. Thus, so in the future efectivity of space zoning law which privails can be
enforced and obeyed by the whole society.