To investigate the pivotal physiological processes modulating lead (Pb) tolerance capacities of poplars, the saplings of two contrasting poplar species, Populus × canescens with high Pb sensitivity and P. nigra with relatively low Pb sensitivity, were treated with either 0 or 8 mM Pb for 6 weeks. Pb was absorbed by the roots and accumulated massively in the roots and leaves, leading to overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reduced photosynthesis and biomass in both poplar species. Particularly, the tolerance index (TI) of P. × canescens was significantly lower than that of P. nigra. Moreover, the physiological responses including the concentrations of nutrient elements, thiols, organic acids, phytohormones and non-enzymatic antioxidants, and the activities of antioxidative enzymes in the roots and leaves were different between the two poplar species. Notably, the differences in concentrations of nutrient elements, organic acids and phytohormones were remarkable between the two poplar species. A further evaluation of the Pb-tolerance-related physiological processes showed that the change of 'sulfur metabolism' in the roots were greater, and that of 'organic acid accumulation' in the roots and 'phytohormone regulation' in the leaves were markedly smaller in P. × canescens than those in P. nigra. These results suggest that there are differences in Pb tolerance capacities between P. × canescens and P. nigra, which is probably associated with their contrasting physiological responses to Pb stress, and that sulfur metabolism, organic acid accumulation, and phytohormone regulation are probable the key physiological processes modulating the different Pb tolerance capacities between the two poplar species.


When others ask me what I am, I say I am Jewish. I cannot categorize myself in any other way. Both of my parents were Jewish; all four of my grandparents were part of the large Russian Jewish migra...


This document for the IIASA site gathers many graphs and a long text for those who want to get technical data on many countries and explanations, but only a part will be shown during my presentation. 2 Introduction The western world lives in a culture of belief in growth and everyone hopes to see their children having better lives than they had, but for the first time we are not sure. Everyone would like to see the growth continue and hates to speak about decline.


By participating in a communication network, the announcer has the possibility to take a position and expose opinions that indicate judgments, feelings and appreciations about any matter and context. There is always an evaluation situation. Thus, a functionalist analysis is focused on interaction, in language in use and in social factors involved. In this paper, reasoned in interpersonal metafunction of Systemic- Functional Grammar (Halliday, 2004) and in Appraisal system (Martin & White, 2005), the objective is to identify, linguistically, evaluation that makes a journalistic article about the condition of blacks in society, emphasizing origin of such values as well as the purpose of selection of these. To do so, based on attitude subsystem, was held to analysis the reportage "Um historico da reparacao" published in 2009, in Raca Brasil magazine, listing evaluative expressions. Samples indicated the predominance of the judgement subsystem and this category was related to others found in the text (affect, appreciation, and graduation), to better illustrate the deliberateness built to be made such evaluation choices. Study results point to the observation that the reportage using the Appraisal represents historical and social practices that are striking to members of a


The aquatic warbler, Acrocephalus paludicola, is one of a few species in which nestlings from a single nest can be sired by up to four different fathers. Data from a DNA fingerprinting study suggest that there is a trend: the larger the number of fathers in a brood the larger is the number of nestlings. However, the number of young within a single nest cannot be smaller than the number of fathers. This restriction causes an inherent trend and, consequently, can lead to a false-positive trend test result. For this nonstandard situation, we propose a trend test that differentiates between the inherent trend and a "real" trend, that is, a larger brood size through multiple paternity. Using DNA fingerprinting data, we performed a randomization test using the proposed new trend test statistic and obtained a significant result (P=0.047). This indicates that a larger number of fathers per brood is associated with a larger brood size. In addition, we consider an umbrella alternative, that is, a downturn in effect may occur after the optimal number of fathers per brood is exceeded. An appropriate test for this alternative also leads to a significance (P=0.011).


Over the course of the IEA EBC Annex 62 in depth research on Ventilative Cooling (VC) such as short time performance measurements, user surveys, involvements in VC-buildingdesign, long-term case studies and expert interviews has been carried out. This paper presents a list of key performance-indicators derived from successful VC solutions as well as a list of major challenges and examples of successful practical solutions. The focus of this paper is solution-oriented and supports hands on approaches rather than background analysis.


ABSTRACT Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data are used to map affected urban areas after an earthquake generally exploiting change detection techniques. In this paper, a novel change detection approach is proposed for multitemporal (SAR) images. The approach is based on two different parts, which are constructed through principal components (PCs) of multiple textural features and correlation analysis image, respectively. In the extraction of the PCs of texture, the principal component analysis technique is used to separate irrelevant and noisy elements. Then, correlation change detection (CCD) is carried out to detect the changes associated with the building collapse. Considering the earthquake that hit L'Aquila city (Italy) on 6 April 2009, the effectiveness of the proposed method is proved by the experiment results obtained on real SAR images data sets collected before and after the seismic event.


Glyphosate is a total systemic herbicide whose marketing authorization is currently being questioned if credible alternatives with no environmental impact and no major economic impact are identified. The uses and non-uses of glyphosate is the subject of this study, based on two sources of data; the cultural management tool Mes Parcelles and surveys of farmers. In Pays de la Loire, 18.67% of farmers in fields crops/ mixed crops sectors use glyphosate. In a sample representing 28.61% of the COP (cereals, protein oilseeds) surfaces, 10.64% of these surfaces received before sowing a glyphosate treatment, at an average dose of 2.22 l / ha (concentration of 360 g / l ). Doses between types of crops before sowing vary very little. According to farm surveys, the dose of glyphosate varies in trend between types of use (control of perennial weeds: average of 2.73l / ha, destruction of grasslands: average 2.12l / ha, destruction of plant cover and pre-plant cleanings: average of 1.47l / ha), however, variability is important between farms. The proportion of grassland in the UAA and the type of tillage are the two factors that have a significant effect on the% of UAA treated. The lower the tillage, the higher the% of treated surfaces. Although the cost of replacing glyphosate is the first obstacle cited by farmers, combining different agronomic levers can reduce the use of glyphosate.


Objective – to investigate spectral characteristics of laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) of bone substances, and to develop a new technique of osteoporosis diagnosis. Sixty-nine patients surgically treated for thoracic and lumbar spine fractures were examined. Clinical examinations, plain radiography in two pro-jections, CT and MRI were used for spine fracture diagnosis. Saville index was a criterion for osteopenia. Bone mineral den-sity was assessed by dual-energy X-ray densitometry. Histological and histomorphometric analyses were applied to 46 fragments of vertebral bodies and spinous processes taken intraoperatively, and 96 autopsy fragments of vertebral bone, spinous processes, iliac crest, and the ninth rib taken from patients died of trauma who had no metabolic bone diseases in their previous history. Fluorescence spectra were analyzed with


Infrasounds, frequencies ≤ 20 Hz, occupying the sonic landscape beyond pitch, offer a wide terrain of musical potential to the contemporary electroacoustic composer, a potential that has so far been poorly defined or exploited. This paper is a brief tutorial on employing infrasounds in electroacoustic composition. Infrasounds possess musical potential within the auditory and tactile modalites as either airborne and solidean vibrations, either containing or psychoacoustically suggesting a fundamental wave ≤ 20 Hz. The infrasonic composer must consider a range of issues with respect to 1) equal-loudness contours (the detection threshold being > 70 dB below 20 Hz), 2) intersubject variability within these contours, 3) obstacles in finding hardware to diffuse these oscillations at the SPL needed for their detection, 4) their safe usage (anticipating harmonic distortion in hardware when working at high SPLs), as well as engineering an aesthetic context through interactivity and sensory conditioning to optimize a positive-valence response. There is great potential for sonic, vibrotactile, and intersensorial composition with respect to space and the body, e.g., interacting with or conveying large architectural spaces, evoking psychosomatic interactions through biorhythmic suggestion, and exploring the musicality of the body through its peak resonances.


Rice straws are agricultural waste that have not been used by the public or farmers, they are considered as waste that no economic value, whereas rice straws have a big potential when processed into solid fuel, due to the rice straws have high content of volatile matter level so flammable, therefore rice straws used as raw materials in the manufacture of biobriquette. Biobriquette making process done by varying between rice straw and coconut due to coconut shell already has good essential in making biobriquette. Rice straw and coconut shell carbonated and then performed size reduction to 60 mesh size. Raw material analysis was conducted on moisture content, ash content, volatile matter, sulfur content, and calorific value. . The mixing charcoal and coconut rice straw with powder adhesive tapiuoka were doing with the composition of 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, 50:50. After the mixing, the products scored. Further that the analysis of products included ultimate analysis, test press, calorific value, ignition test early, the flame time of biobriquettes, and the rate of mass reduction during combustion with the best results were obtained the biobioquette variation in the composition of 50:50 with 4355 cal / gr of calorific value, 69 seconds of beginning old flame and 102 minutes of ash briquette.


Nano-NiO powder was prepared by modified sol-gel process.Samples were characterized by thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction.The results indicated that Ni(AC)2,NH3H2O and PEG6000 were used to prepare the sol by the competitive reaction between complexation and hydrolyze.With increase in sintering temperature,nickel contents decreased gradually.Nano-crystalline phase of cubic nickel oxide particles was formed completely until 500 ℃.Eighty-five percent degradation of methyl orange was achieved when the concentration of NiO was 0.4 g/L,illuminating after 4 h with UV lamp of 8 W.


The use of the optical in situ techniques reflectance anisotropy (RA) and normalized reflectance (NR) for metal‐organic vapour‐phase epitaxy (MOVPE) growth processes of compound semiconductor devices is reviewed. The RA signal detects small deviations in the doping profile during growth of hetero‐bipolar transistors and correlates to the emission wavelength of edge‐emitting laser structure via its sensitivity to the quantum well composition. The NR signal is crucial for the alignment of distributed Bragg reflectors (DBR) in vertical‐cavity surface‐emitting lasers. With simultaneously performed RA and NR measurements the doping profile as well as the DBR alignment can be determined in situ. The composition monitoring in quaternary InGaAsP grown on InP is demonstrated using the RA signal for the As:P ratio while the NR signal is used for the Ga:In ratio. For AlGaInP on GaAs the NR signal is sensitive to both the aluminium and the indium content. Therefore these effects have to be separated via the determination of the growth efficiency of the respective materials using the growth rate calculated from the NR signal. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


We construct a family of integrable systems generated by the Casimir functions of Lie algebra of skew-symmetric matrices, where the Lie bracket is deformed by a symmetric matrix.


On the basis of introducing the principle of WAP, proposes a research scheme of the medicine information system based on WAP. This promotion and application of the medicine information system can provide conveniences for those medicine sales, in addtional, the sevices online for the people who require some medicine consultation.


This thesis is mainly concerned with the prediction of one
class of structural failure, namely that due to the extrapolation of
existing design or construction procedures to fit new situations.
Four failures were examined in depth in an attempt to establish
a realistic procedure for avoiding such accidents. The. structures
studied were large metal bridges because these have represented the
forefront of technology for as long or longer than any comparable
example. The examples chosen were the Dee Railway Bridge (collapsed
1847), the Tay Bridge (1879), the first Quebec cantilever bridge (1907)
and the Tacoma Narrows suspension bridge (1940). Great
care was
taken to study the accidents and preceding events as contemporary' engineers
would have seen them, and it is believed that this is the first time this
type. of investigation has been made.
The pattern that emerged from this was that the designers all used
existing data which they were confident applied to their work. Not
until after the accident did it become apparent that this was not the
case, and that the data had originally been derived with very different
conditions in mind, often for applications which seemed insignificant
alongside the failed structure.
In conclusion the author suggests how similar situations could be
avoided in the future by the setting up of review procedures to assess
new developments in the light of existing practices and the facts on
which these are based. An outline of the costs of the accidents studied suggests
very strongly that such work would be economically justifiable.


Although many studies have investigated the consequences of bilingualism on cognitive control, few have examined the impact of bilingualism on other cognitive domains, such as memory. Of these studies, most have focused on item memory and none have examined the role of bilingualism in source memory (i.e., the memory for contextual details from a previous encounter with a stimulus). In our study, young adult bilinguals and monolinguals completed a source memory test, whose different conditions were designed to stress working memory and inhibitory control. Bilinguals performed significantly faster than monolinguals across all conditions without compromising accuracy, and also showed an overall speed advantage on the Flanker task. We interpret these processing speed advantages within the context of current models of bilingual production.


Two extensive research areas in Machine Learning are classification and prediction. Many approaches have been focused in the induction of ensemble to increase learning accuracy of individual classifiers. Recently, new approaches, different to those that look for accurate and diverse base classifiers, are emerging. In this paper we present a system made up of two layers: in the first layer, one ensemble classifier process every example and tries to classify them; in the second layer, one individual classifier is induced using the examples that are not unanimously classified by the ensemble. In addition, the examples that reach to the second layer incorporate new information added in the ensemble. Thus, we can achieve some improvement in the accuracy level, because the second layer can do more informed classifications. In the experimental section we present some results that suggest that our proposal can actually improve the accuracy of the system.


AIRIX is an induction linear accelerator which will be used for flash radiography in Commissariat A L'Energie Atomique In France. Designed to produce an X-ray dose of some hundreds Rads at 1 meter with an X-ray focal spot size diameter of less than 2 mm (LANL-CEA DAM definition), this facility consists in a 3,8 MeV/2 kA pulsed electron injector and 15,4 MeV induction accelerator powered by 32 high voltage generators. A prototype of this accelerator, called PIVAIR, has been studied and realized in CEA CESTA near Bordeaux. PIVAIR is a validation step for AIRIX at 8 MeV. It includes an injector (3,6 MeV, 3,2 kA, 60 ns) and 16 induction cells supplied by 8 high voltage generators (250 kV, 70 ns). Two different technologies of induction cells have been tested (Rexolite insulator or ferrite Under Vacuum). We have chosen ferrite under vacuum cells technology after comparison of results on beam transport and reliability tests. A focusing experiment at 7.2 MeV of the electron beam has been achieved during summer 1997. We have begun to produce X-rays in October 1997. A dose level of 50 Rad at 1 meter has been achieved with an X-ray spot size diameter of 3.5 to 4 mm (LANL-CEA DAM definition). Static flash radiography of very dense object have been achieved from November 1997 until February 1998. We have been able to test in situ new kinds of very high sensitive X-ray detectors and to check they had reached our very ambitious goals: quantum efficiency at 5 MeV > 50% instead of 1% for luminous screens and film, sensitivity < 10 (mu) Rad (100 time more sensitive than radiographic luminous screens and films), dynamic range > 100, resolution < 2 mm. The AIRIX accelerator has been built in the CEA-MORONVILLIERS test site near Reims under an industrial collaboration with the THOMSON- CSF Company. It is housed in a reinforced concrete bunker and has an overall length of 60 meters. The 20 MeV electron beam has been focused on a 1 mm thick Tantalum target to produce an X-ray fluence of more than 300 Rads at one meter from the target. The result is a single radiograph of the device explosion under test with the high stopping power detector located in a blast protection set behind the device. In this communication we will present all these techniques which correspond to a significant effort of CEA begun in 1992. AIRIX facility will be available to run detonics experiments before end of 2000.


This report presents two complementary theoretical developments leading to the conclusion that for a large class of important systems, transfer coefficients represents the unique and total relationship between external interaction quantities and the voltage and current drives of subsystems. If external interaction is given a role in any coupling effort, e.g. , internal cable or pin prediction, threat extrapolation, or alternate simulation, then transfer coefficients must play a role. It is also argued that transfer coefficients must play a role in assigning or verifying certain hardness specifications. For internal prediction, transfer coefficients must


Small is NOT beautiful in 2014: a candidate biomarker of the year? Having just awarded the peripheral blood eosinophil count Thorax's biomarker of the year for 2013 we are now presented with another often ignored peripheral blood cell component as a potential candidate for the 2014 award. Michelle Harrison and colleagues (see page 609) show in a retrospective analysis of 1343 patients hospitalised with COPD lung attacks that a raised blood platelet count is an independent predictor of mortality over the following year. This might be expected to be due to increased vascular deaths, or secondary to the known association between ventilatory failure and thrombocytosis. However, careful analysis suggested a more complex and interesting link between thrombocytosis and mortality, perhaps involving chronic inflammation. What is particularly noteworthy about this study is that patients taking anti-platelet therapy with aspirin or clopidogrel had reduced mortality suggesting that the platelet count might be a biomarker of risk that can be reduced – and any biomarker which does not lead to clinical action and benefit cannot enter our competition. The authors are appropriately cautious about their findings and call for prospective randomised controlled trials. Don Sin agrees (see page 603) but also emphasises the biological plausibility of the reported findings and suggested mechanism.


One of the most distinctive features of the contemporary world economy is the speed and volume of crossborder financial flows. The barriers that separated finance into distinct, nationally based systems after the Second World War have been rapidly dismantled over the past two decades. Numerous countries which in the past expressed concern about the possible negative effects of dependence on capital inflows have changed their tune. In the midst of this enthusiastic liberalization and globalization of finance an increasingly vocal chorus of influential policymakers and scholars has begun to express concern about the negative effects of heightened capital mobility on the real economy, on the capacity of governments to carry out national macroeconomic policy, and on the stability of the financial system. The Mexican peso crisis of December 1994, in which an estimated 1 2 per cent of foreign investment fled the country in eight days,1 inflicting what appears to many to be excessively brutal hardship on the country's population, has stimulated these concerns. So, too, has the contribution of speculative capital flows to the 1992 and 1993 crises in the European Exchange Rate Mechanism (erm) with their negative consequences for European integration. In part the sheer volume of transactions US$1.2 trillion in foreign exchange transactions a day in 1995, up 14-fold since 1972 and 50 per cent since 1992, and dwarfing the


The purpose of this paper is to analyse the development of knowledge economy and its importance for the competitiveness of the Western Balkans countries. The aim of the research is to evaluate the development degree of knowledge economy in the Western Balkans countries through the comparison of relevant indicators with the European Union countries. The research information base is the official World Bank data about values of "the knowledge economy index" (KEI). Comprehensive analysis leads us to conclusions about: a) the relative positions of the Western Balkans countries in relation to the EU countries, b) the development state of knowledge economy in analysed countries according to the pillars of the knowledge economy index. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications and recommendations for conducting the economic policy in the area which encourages the development of knowledge economy and improves competitiveness.


There is no question that our research community have, and still has been producing an insurmountable amount of interesting strategies, models and tools to a wide array of problems and challenges in diverse areas of knowledge. But for as long as interesting work has existed, we've been plagued by a great unsolved mystery: how come there is so much interesting work being published in conferences, but not as many interesting and engaging posters and presentations being featured in them? In this tutorial, we present practical step-by-step makeup solutions for poster, slides and oral presentations in order to help researchers who feel like they are not able to convey the importance of their research to the community in conferences.


This report describes the test activities, test results and analyses associated with the evaluation of the slag shedding characteristics of a water-cooled metal liner in an entrained-flow coal gasifier. A major technical issue in the development of commercial entrained-flow coal gasifiers is wall durability. The high temperature and corrosive/erosive environment existing within an entrained-flow coal gasifier results in ceramic liner damage and reduced operational life. Previous experimental programs conducted by Bell Aerospace identified a water-cooled metal liner, or ''cold wall'', as an attractive gasifier liner option to alleviate the durability problem. A test program was conducted at the Bell High Mass Flux (HMF) gasifier test facility to further evaluate cold wall slagging characteristics. The basic HMF gasifier operates at a coal throughput of one-half ton of coal per hour, a pressure of fifteen atmospheres, and processes coal and oxygen to produce a synthesis gas. The tests were conducted using Illinois No. 6 coal and North Dakota lignite. Post test observations and data analysis indicate the slag/ash shedding occurred on a periodic basis throughout gasification tests of up to one hour duration. 30 figs.


The goal of this study is to assess variations in the anatomical relationship between the piriformis muscle and sciatic nerve in a cadaveric population. Currently, Beaton and Anson's 1937 classification of piriformis‐sciatic arrangements is widely accepted and used for clinical evaluation and diagnosis of Piriformis Syndrome—a dynamic sciatic nerve impingement by the piriformis muscle. This study (n=164 limbs) revealed two clinically important differences to Beaton and Anson's original findings. First, the Type "B" classification was observed in 18.3% of the cases, representing a 63.9% increase from Beaton and Anson's original report. Additionally, two Type "B" subsets with potential clinical consequences were observed. Type "B2" included a vascular component, wherein the inferior gluteal artery and vein coursed between the common fibular and tibial divisions of the sciatic nerve (4.3% of total cases). Type "B3" included an additional nerve component, wherein the inferior gluteal nerve coursed between the piriformis muscle and adjacent to the common fibular division, to reach the gluteus maximus muscle (1.0% of total cases). Collectively, these observations expand the current classification of piriformis‐sciatic arrangement, and carry clinical significance for the evaluation and treatment of Piriformis Syndrome.


African swine fever (ASF) is an economically important disease of domestic pigs causing a huge amount of losses. Understanding the extent and dynamics of genetic diversity of genes coating outer proteins is required for a rational vaccine design and interpretation of efficacy of vaccine or therapy for the control of ASF. This study was designed to investigate the nucleotide structure of genes: E183L, KP177R and O61R encoding outer proteins p54, p22 and p12, respectively, of African swine fever virus isolates from Nigeria for genetic variability. The samples were collected over three years and analyzed for relatedness using MEGA5 and Hopp and Woods procedure for predicting protein antigenic determinants. The result of our comparative study revealed variability in p12 sequences of the isolates collected from different locations within the country. The p54 and p22 genes were observed to be more conserved among the isolates. Hydropathy analysis of all the genes failed to reveal any structural variability within the proteins of interest. Our study revealed mutations (insertions/deletions) within the 3' terminus of the p12 gene thus we conclude that p12 is under selection pressure and therefore, its utility needs to be further assessed widely for genetic diversity, antigenicity and pathogenicity of the virus.


Micro-diverter valves are innovative and efficient devices used to generate microbubbles that can significantly enhance process efficiency in industry. Micro-diverter valves have been experimentally tested and modeled using CFD in previous works. However, a detailed CFD modeling evaluation of these valves has not been performed employing detailed turbulence modeling at transient and steady state. This article presents a three-dimensional CFD simulation and performance evaluation of a bi-stable diverted valve for microbubble generation. In the model, transient and steady state approaches were used to quantify the behavior in the valve. The κ – ε standard and κ – ε RNG turbulence models were used and compared. Different mesh configurations, mesh generation methods, and both turbulence models were evaluated to find the best set-up to simulate this valve. A brief analysis of the time-step size using the Courant number approach was also performed. Operation conditions at low Reynolds (3800) and high frequency (200 Hz) were used to assess possible industrial applications, thus setting the base for further studies. The results of this work show that at low Reynolds numbers and high frequencies, the valve is able to divert the fluid and thus it may have wider industrial applications.


The party funding scandal which broke over the CDU in November last year has excited considerable attention both at home and abroad. The toppling of Helmut Kohl from the pedestal which he and his party had assiduously constructed through the unification years and which was strengthened in 1999 by the fiftieth anniversary of the Bonn Republic and the tenth anniversary of the end of division, will have been a shock to both the party rank-and-file and to CDU-voters. In a political culture rather thin on myth-making opportunities, Kohl's grasp on the permanent laurels of history had seemed to be assured: the longest-serving German Chancellor after Bismarck, the victor in four consecutive elections, the lucky but also skilfull beneficiary of Gorbachev's removal of Soviet protection from the kindergarten state of the GDR, Kohl had seemingly acquired a 'gravitas' as statesman which few German politicians this century before him had achieved, with the possible exception of Stresemann. Two great changes (Wenden) could have been ascribed to him by historians: the 'intellectual-moral Wende ' of 1982/3 and the 'great Wende ' of 1989/90. Above all Kohl's gravitas was tempered with ordinariness. His weight problem, his lack of rhetorical skill, his cookbooks gave him a homely quality which set him apart from slick technocrats like Helmut Schmidt and made him 'one of the people', the decent honest, well-meaning big chap from next-door.


In this paper the stimulation effect of trace metals Fe,Co and Ni on the methanogens in anaerobic digestion of coal gasification water is studied.The results show that the trace elements can produce a stimulation effect on the anaerobic digestion.After Fe,Co,and Ni are added,the gas production rate and gas production amount increase significantly.The optimum addition dosage of Fe,Co,and Ni in the reactors is 0.3 mg/(L·d),0.05 mg/(L·d),and 0.20 mg/(L·d) respectively.The anaerobic toxicity assay results show that coal gasification wastewater is toxic to anaerobic bacteria and the IC50% value of the wastewater is 254 mg/L.The toxic mechanism varies with different wastewater concentrations.The coal gasification wastewater is of metabolic toxin when its concentration is lower than 180 mg/L,of physiological toxin when its concentration is 300 mg/L,and of bactericidal toxin when its concentration is over 450 mg/L.


We welcome Olga Kanitsaki's comments on our paper 'Rethinking cultural sensitivity' (Nursing Inquiry 1996 3: 3-10) and appreciate the opportunity to respond. The main point we seek to emphasize here is the fundamental difference between our position and that of Kanitsaki. Our analysis is based on the recognition that the term 'culture' is historically and politically grounded. Its meaning changes over time and its contemporary usage (and popularity) thus demands explanation. The analytical task we undertook in our work was to emphasize the politics of culture rather than posing the political as one of a number of cultural dimensions (alongside the social, religious or technological)...


Often they are high-dimensional expected values: Example: In 1995 Traub and Paskov computed values of 'mortgage-backed obligations'. In the USA people buying a house borrow money from a bank. In return, the bank holds a 'mortgage'. US mortgages last for 30 years, and may be repaid at the end of any month, making 30 × 12 = 360 repayment possibilities. The monthly change in the interest rate is treated as a random variable, with some assumed (usually Gaussian) probability distribution. There are 360 random variables, so the computed quantity is a 360-dimensional expected value. (The success of that experiment, using "quasi-Monte Carlo methods", generated much interest in quasi-Monte Methods.)


Objective: The purpose of the present research was to investigate the effectiveness of the stress inoculation training on the social competency of individuals with cerebral palsy in Tehran, Iran. Method: The present research was a controlled quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design. The population consisted of adolescents with cerebral palsy aged 16-18 years in Tehran. Thirty subjects belonging to families with a middle socio-economic status were selected by convenience sampling of Sorush school and randomly divided into two groups (experimental and control), each consisting of 15 adolescents. The experimental group received the stress inoculation training in 10 sessions, while the control group received no treatment. The instrument in this study was the Social Competency Questionnaire. The data were analyzed using the multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) in SPSS 22. Results: The results revealed that there was a significant increase in the mean social competency scores of the experimental group post-intervention in comparison with the control group (p<0.001). Conclusion: The stress inoculation training led to improvements in the social competency of individuals with cerebral palsy. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to variables such as social competency and plan for the provision of stress inoculation training.


ABSTRACT Recent work on the global far right has highlighted its coordination with fossil capital, what Clara Daggett calls "fossil fascism." The far right has embraced climate denial as part of its fantasy of a conspiracy against the white race, while fossil capital has embraced the far right as its most enthusiastic defender in the face of calls for decarbonization. This paper analyzes the political theology of fossil fascism, arguing climate denial is of a piece with the far right's broader denial of historical and contemporary violence. The paper draws on James Baldwin and Georges Bataille to understand climate denial as the will to innocence in face of the scientific fact that combustion of fossil fuels in past acts of racial domination has ongoing climatic effects in the present. The will to innocence intensifies the very violence it disavows, and resisting fossil fascism may require retrieving the theological concept of guilt.


– An Electrical Power Subsystem (EPS) for pico-satellites is a set of hardware and software that supplies energy demands throughout the lifetime of the satellite. There are several classifications for EPS architectures. This work presents an analysis and general discussion of the main EPS architectures for CubeSats and a new architecture based on the Distributed Energy System (DPS) using the concept of stacked DC-DC converters. The proposed topology ensures that maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is performed concomitantly with the bus voltage regulation. With this, the energy destined for the DC bus is processed only once from the photovoltaic array. In addition, due to the parallel connection of the input, this architecture allows the redirection of energy to the battery, reducing the time of charge and ensuring that the battery will be fully charged during the eclipse intervals of the satellite. Also, the experimental results that prove the operation of the proposed architecture will be presented.


The goal of this paper is to provide an account of the current progress of Social and Emotion AI, from their earliest pioneering stages to the maturity necessary to attract industrial interest. After defining the scope of these domains and showing that they overlap to a substantial extent with pre-existing computing areas (e.g., Social Signal Processing and Affective Computing), the article tries to measure the industrial interest they attract through several publicly available market forecasts. These show that the volume of the market in Social and Emotion AI is expected to grow considerably in the next years and, hence, the companies active in the field are likely to attract increasingly more attention and investment. Finally, the paper shows that the very appearance of products driven by Social and Emotion AI might be a likely reason for the extensive current debate on AI and ethics. Besides ensuring that the development of AI follows a path that ensures the greatest possible advantage for society, such a debate might actually define the next research avenues in the field.


Objective To study the early diagnosis and therapy of dissminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).Methods The emergency treatment courses of 13 cases with DIC of obstetrics were analyzed retrospectively.DIC of obstetrics could be diagnosed early according to its inducement,clinical characteristic and laboratory examination.On the base of deleting the pathogeny actively,resisting shock,enriching the blood capacity,redressing acidosis and dielectric disorder,coagulation factors should be complemented and thrombin should be used partially.Results Among 13 cases,12 cases were cured,1 case was dead.Conclusion The early diagnosis,deleting pathogeny actively,complementing coagulation factors time and attaching importance to the partial using of thrombin can improve the successive rate of emergency treatment of DIC.


The research progress of green corrosion inhibitor both at home and abroad in recent years were reviewed.The research status of natural plant corrosion inhibitor and amino acid corrosion inhibitors were introduced,and the development trend of green corrosion inhibitor was prospected.


This study examined whether racial identity attitudes moderate the relationship between racist stress events, racist stress appraisal, and mental health. One hundred eighteen African American and 144 self-identified Caribbean women completed the Cross Racial Identity Scale, the Schedule of Racist Events, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that multicultural identity attitudes moderated the relationship between racist stress appraisals and depression, as well as the relationship between racist stress events and depression. Compared with participants with multicultural identity attitude scores 1 standard deviation below the mean, those with multicultural identity attitude scores 1 standard deviation above the mean were somewhat protected from the impact of racist stress events and racist stress appraisals. The primary conclusion is that multicultural identity attitudes are somewhat protective against the impact of race-related stress on mental health. Implications for mental health practitioners and future research in the field of Black psychology are discussed.


Systemic amyloidosis secondary to myeloma is an uncommon condition that often has an insidious onset and poses as a diagnostic challenge due to the lack of typical presenting symptoms and signs. Prompt diagnosis of amyloidosis and appropriate referral have the potential to improve outcome for these patients. Here, we report the unusual case of a man whose primary presenting complaint was of long-standing orthostatic hypotension.


Constraints are important in every GI modelling process but until now have received only ad hoc treatment, depending on the application domain and the tools used. In a dynamic context, with constantly changing geo-information, constraints are very relevant; any changes arising should adhere to specified constraints, otherwise inconsistencies (data quality errors) will occur. In GIS, constraints are conditions that must always be valid for the model of interest. This chapter argues that constraints should be part of the object class definition, just as with other aspects of that definition, including attributes, methods and relationships. Furthermore, the implementation of constraints (whether at the front-end, database level or communication level) should be driven automatically by these constraints' specifications within the model. But, this is not possible yet, so this chapter will describe some implementation steps as interactively executed. In certain applications some functions (linear programming in spatial decision support systems, survey least squares adjustment, cartographic generalisation, editing topologically structured data, etc.) partially support constraints. However, the constraints are not an integral part of the system and the constraint specification and implementation are often one and the same, and deep in the application's source code. The result is that the constraints are hidden in some subsystems (with other subsystems perhaps unaware of these constraints) and it may be very difficult to maintain the constraints in the event that changes are required. This is true for (G)IS in general, but is especially true for dynamic environments, with changing objects, where the support of constraints is required but presents a challenge. Example applications include cadastral or topographic data maintenance, Virtual Reality (VR) landscape design, and Web feature service.


The relative motion between two surfaces under a normal load is impeded by friction. Interfacial junctions are formed between surfaces of asperities, and sliding inception occurs when shear tractions in the entire contact area reach the shear strength of the weaker material and junctions are about to be separated. Such a process is known as a static friction mechanism. The numerical contact model of dissimilar materials developed by the authors is extended to evaluate the maximum tangential force (in terms of the static friction coefficient) that can be sustained by a rough surface contact. This model is based on the Boussinesq-Cerruti integral equations, which relate surface tractions to displacements. The materials are assumed to respond elastic perfectly plastically for simplicity, and the localized hardness and shear strength are set as the upper limits of contact pressure and shear traction, respectively. Comparisons of the numerical analysis results with published experimental data provide a validation of this model. Static friction coefficients are predicted for various material pairs in contact first, and then the behaviors of static friction involving rough surfaces are extensively investigated.


There is disclosed an analytical element which comprises a support and a reagent layer comprising a peroxidative substance, a diffusion-resistant phenol compound, and an aromatic primary amine compound or its salt which brings about a coupling reaction with said diffusion-resistant phenol compound when oxidized, to thereby produce a dyestuff.


The changing life style, cost of living, needs and increasing opportunities and expectations of an employee have created a pathway for Attrition. In the rat race of our present day existence, especially the long working hours and targets at work place have been creating high levels of stress, trauma, and even nervous breakdowns. Employees are struggling to seek the balance their hectic work schedules with social life. As a result of this employees are leaving the organization. Employee attrition is going to become a biggest problem to the organizations in coming days. . The tendency of an employee towards switching over the job with respect to their needs and expectations has made a challenging job for HR to retain an employee.

Key Words: Employee Attrition, Retention, Hectic Work Schedules.


Cathodoluminescence (CL) spectroscopy provides us with useful information on an existence of trace elements in materials as well as lattice defects. micro-Raman spectroscopy is a technique that provides vibrational information on crystal structure for microscopic area. In this study we discuss an effect of shock-metamorphism on quartz by means of CL and micro-Raman spectrometry.Samplesused for this study were shocked quartz from the Ries Crater, Germany (WEN-03/1) and from Arizona Crater, USA (CO2-01). The samples were prepared as polished thin sections using nonluminescent epoxy resin and coated with 20 nm thickness carbon. Multiple sets of PDFs (planar deformation features) were observed in quartz grains of WEN-03/1 under a petrographic microscope. Powder X-ray diffraction analysis shows the presence of coesite and stishovite in CO2-01, while there is no evidence of PDFs in it. Raman spectra were obtained with an Almega: confocal micro-Raman spectrometer with a 20 mW at 532 nm with Nd:YAG laser excitation system. CL spectral measurements were carried out using a JSM-5410LV SEM combined with a MonoCL2 grating monochromator (Oxford Instruments) in wavelength range of 300 to 800 nm, where operated condition was at 15 kV acceleration voltage and 0.05 nA beam current. The sample temperature was controlled in the range from -192 to 25 deg. C using a cryostage. CL observations were performed with a CL imaging system (Gatan MiniCL) attached to SEM. Raman spectra of WEN-03/1 exhibit a pronounced peak at around 474 cm-1, which can be assigned to Si-O stretching vibra-tion, whereas typical low-quartz


Divisional chief nurse and former cardiology nurse consultant, Ghazala Yasin, discusses factors that nurses can consider to support and inform patients who are prescribed dual antiplatelet therapy.


We calculate the asymptotic merit factor, under all cyclic rotations of rows and columns, of two families of binary two-dimensional arrays derived from the quadratic character. The arrays in these families have size p x q, where p and q are not necessarily distinct odd primes, and can be considered as two-dimensional generalisations of a Legendre sequence. The asymptotic values of the merit factor of the two families are generally different, although the maximum asymptotic merit factor, taken over all cyclic rotations of rows and columns, equals 36/13 for both families. These are the first non-trivial theoretical results for the asymptotic merit factor of families of truly two-dimensional binary arrays.


OBJECTIVE To prepare a new kind of liposome entrapping cinnarinzine-hydroxypropyl -β-cyclodextrin (HPCD) complex for intravenous administration and investigate its characteristics.METHODS The phase solubility diagram of cinnarizine-HPCD complex was obtained; The cinnarizine-HPCD complex was prepared and characterized by DSC method.Liposomes containing the cinnarizine-HPCD complex were prepared by the film-dispersion method,and the optimized formulation was obtained with orthogonal design.The entrapment efficiency of the liposomes was investigated by minicolumn centrifugation method.The particle size and Zeta potential were also determined.The in vitro drug release profile of the HPCD complex and liposomes entrapping cinnarizine-HPCD complex were evaluated.The long term storage stability was also examined. RESULTS Phase solubility diagram of cinnarizine-HPCD complex displayed a nonlinear curve.By optimizing the formulation,the entrapment efficiency reached 70%. The particle size was 145 nm and the Zeta potential was 36.5 mV.The in vitro release profile showed that the liposomes were more stable than cyclodextrin complex in human plasma. The stability test showed that the liposomes should be stored at low temperature.CONCLUSION The results suggest that the conditions and technology are practical to prepare the liposomes containing entrapped cyclodextrin complex with high entrapment efficiency and stability.


Objective To investigate the therapeutic effectiveness of recombinant bovine basic fibroblast growth factor(rb-bFGF)in treating lower extremity arterial disease in diabetic patient(LEADDP).Methods Totally 32 cases of diabetic foot were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups according to different treatment:bFGF group(hypoglycemic+ anti-infective drugs+ rb-bFGF,n=16) and control group(hypoglycemic+anti-infective drugs,n=16).Then,the healing time and the healing rate were counted,the data were analyzed by statistics.Results The healing rate was 93.75% in the bFGF group,and was 62.5% in the control group.There was significant difference in the healing rate between the two groups(P0.05).The healing time was(29.34±1.46) days in the bFGF group,and was(38.23±2.87) days in the control group.There was significant difference in the healing time between the two groups(P0.05).Conclusion Application of bFGF in treating LEADDP can accelerate wound healing and improve the healing rate.


Capacity building often refers to assistance that is provided to entities usually in developing countries, which have a need to develop a certain skill or competences, or for general upgrading of performance ability of women .It involves activities which strengthens the abilities. Skills, and behavior of women and improve them so that they can meet its mission and goals in a sustainable way. Women's political participation has been considered a major measure in women's capacity building. The conceptualization of political participation has been undergoing drastic changes .Such changes will have direct impact upon different modes of political participation .There is positive relationship between urban residence and higher level of political participation To increase political participation of women yield positive result, government at both center and state should not delay any further to complete de centralization of power that is power should be shared equally between men & women. This paper deals with the issue of capacity building and scale of need is enormous. There is a need for change in society building in dealing with women. The objective of this paper is to support and encourage in political and legal framework. It is a small exploratory study designed to analyze and interpret the Dalit women in Ambedkar & non-Ambedkar gram of Lucknow district. The sample size will be 500 dalit women from which 250 dalit women from Ambedkar gram are being selected. The result is being discussed in the full length paper.


Abstract : The surface electronic structure and certain aspects of the surface chemistry of amorphous and crystalline Si and Ge as well as crystalline SrTiO3 ZnO, and Sn have been studied using photoemission spectroscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy. By examining the surface, valence, and core states a more detailed picture of the surface electronic structure and chemistry could be obtained than has been generally possible in the past. Of particular importance has been the use of Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory which has provided continuously tunable radiation from 10 to 300 eV. Using this capability, it is possible, for example, to examine the surface states and core levels as a gas is adsorbed. It has been found possible to adsorb oxygen on Si in such a way that the surface states are removed but the usual shift in the Si 2p core level associated with chemical bonding is missing. This indicates a new type of 'covalent' bonding, previously unexpected. These results can give new insight into the kinetics of oxygen takeup on Si.


References http://pb.rcpsych.org/content/36/3/81#BIBL This article cites 0 articles, 0 of which you can access for free at: permissions Reprints/ email@example.com write to To obtain reprints or permission to reproduce material from this paper, please to this article at You can respond http://pb.rcpsych.org/cgi/eletter-submit/36/3/81 from Downloaded The Royal College of Psychiatrists Published by on April 17, 2012 http://pb.rcpsych.org/


Texture segmentation or modeling plays an important role in image segmentation. In this paper, we investigate multiscale autoregressive representation for texture modeling and segmentation. The proposed algorithm also uses a multiresolution decomposition of an image, and fits an AR model to each image of the multiresolution pyramid. The set of AR coefficient vectors, one at each level, defines a model for a texture and this model is used as a predictor for the segmentation process. AR coefficient vectors are used to generate a prediction of the image pyramid, from which the prediction of the image to model is built. The resulting prediction error is used to discriminate textures in a segmentation algorithm. In the proposed structure, feedback can be included between pyramid levels by adding the prediction error at he previous level to the current level before an AR model fitting. M-AR can therefore be used as a predictor like an AR model. This is different from previous multiscale approaches for which data is used at each scale for the segmentation. Since we do not need to link data from different scales, this simplifies model processing for segmentation. The estimation error of the proposed multiscale AR approach has lower variance than that of an AR model, and is less correlated. Segmentation results also show M-AR to be an improvement to AR modeling.


Varied proportions of pisolitic-oolitic ore are recognized in most bauxite deposits,but the genesis of this texture and its relationship with Al-mineralization remain controversial.This paper reports a comprehensive geochemical study of typical oolitic ores of the bauxite deposits from the Wuchuan-Zheng′an-Daozhen area,northern Guizhou Province and uses methods of in situ major element analysis by EPMA and major-and trace element analyses by laser ablation plasma mass spectrometry.It shows that the ooids were epigenetic relative to their matrix,and it is highly unlikely that the bauxitization was solely resulted from surface chemical weathering of laterized sedimentary profiles.By contrast,geochemistry of oolitic textures infers that the ooids are formed in strongly oxidizing and highly acidic environment.Coupled with documented whole rock data and field observation,a genetic model is then suggested.A large amount of pyrite was formed during seawater transgression upon laterized profiles and distributed at a broad coastal plain.The pyrites were constrained to have formed at a middle depth range of the profiles due to variation of oxygen fugacity.Oxidation and decomposition of pyrite during regression resulted in strong sulfuric acid aqueous solution,which carried out a large quantity of matrix elements(e.g.Si and Fe) and advanced bauxitization.This process is featured by multiple recycling.In fact,the bauxitization is a coupling result of periodically transgression-regression recycling of seawater and laterized profiles locating at broad coastal plain of long-term uplifted continental margin under tropical humid condition.


Silver orthosilicate shells with a thickness around 21 nm were grown around silver nanoparticles of diameter ~20 nm within a silicate glass matrix. The resistivity variation as a function of temperature in the range 300 to 625 K showed an activated behavior usual for an ionic conductor but with discontinuous changes at certain temperatures. The nature of resistivity decrease leads us to believe that this behavior arises due to excitation of quantized acoustic modes whenever the circumference length of the nanoshell changes by an amount equivalent to Si-O distance on deformation under high pressure. The vibrational frequencies as extracted from the experimental data are in reasonable agreement with the quantized mode frequencies predicted by Lamb's theory.


Identification of dynamic systems operating under feedback control is an important issue. A bias correction method was previously proposed for indirect identification of closed-loop systems with disturbances. A key assumption used in deriving this method required that the order of the controller is not less than that of the open-loop plant. In this paper it is shown that this assumption can be removed by prefiltering the input data through a digital prefilter, so that this method can be applied to unbiased identification of closed-loop systems with low order controllers.


This article reviews sociological theories of development and their predictive successes and failures. It examines changes in the global economy that led to the hegemony of a market-oriented approach to development. Limitations of this approach are examined along three lines: (1) the erratic record of results of the application of neoliberal adjustment models; (2) failures of a market-oriented trickle-down approach to social equity; and (3) responses of local groups via emigration and the rise of transnational entrepreneurial communities. The significant role of population characteristics class structure and the character of the state in accounting for these trends is highlighted with particular attention to countries and communities in Latin America. An alternative set of propositions based on recent sociological theories of the economy is advanced. (EXCERPT) (SUMMARY IN FRE AND SPA)


Congestion control in internet routers while providing fairness among flows is a challenging task. Malicious flows such as UDP flows tend to occupy most of the buffer space leaving little or no room for TCP flows which have their own congestion control mechanism when congestion occurs. In this paper, we develop a modified CHOKe algorithm based on optimizing two main parameters; number of drop candidates (m) chosen for comparison with the incoming packet and the buffer location of those drop candidates (l) in order to improve the fairness. The simulation results show that the modified CHOKe has better performance compared to the original CHOKe, Random Early Detection (RED) and Drop Tail queue management mechanisms.


Recent mathematics education reform efforts call for the instantiation of mathematics classroom environments where students have opportunities to reason and construct their understandings as part of a community of learners. Despite some successes, traditional models of instruction still dominate the educational landscape. This limited success can be attributed, in part, to an underdeveloped understanding of the roles teachers must enact to successfully organize and participate in collaborative classroom practices. Toward this end, an in-depth longitudinal case study of a collaborative high school mathematics classroom was undertaken guided by the following two questions: What roles do these collaborative practices require of teacher and students? How does the community's capacity to engage in collaborative practices develop over time? The analyses produced two conceptual models: one of the teacher's role, along with specific instructional strategies the teacher used to organize a collaborative learning environment, and another of the process by which the class's capacity to participate in collaborative inquiry practices developed over time.


We reduce the Nowicki conjecture on the Weitzenb\"ock derivation of polynomial algebras to well-known problem of the classical invariant theory.


The HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 plays a vital role in the entry of the virus into the host cells. The crucial role of the glycoprotein suggests gp120 as potential drug target for the future antiviral therapies. Identification of the binding mode of small drug like compounds has been an important goal in drug design. In the current study we attempt to propose binding mode of indole derivatives in the binding pocket of gp120. These derivatives are reported to inhibit HIV-1 by acting as attachment inhibitors that bind to gp120 and prevent the gp120-CD4 interaction and thus inhibit the infectivity of HIV-1. To elucidate the molecular basis of the small molecules interactions to inhibit the glycoprotein function we employed the molecular docking simulation approach. This study provides insights to elucidate the binding pattern of indole-based gp120 inhibitors and may help in the rational design of novel HIV-1 inhibitors with improved potency.


Measurements of the equilibrium constants for ligand exchange (MeCN, 295 K) involving the axial donor in a C4-symmetric, mono-capped, square antiprismatic cationic Eu complex, supported by calculations based on an electrostatic perturbation model, have been interpreted in terms of a predominant ligand polarisation interaction defined by observation of the hypersensitive delta J = 2 normalised emission intensity, in association with measurements correlating delta J = 1 band splitting and 1H NMR dipolar shifts that vindicate Bleaney's theory of magnetic anisotropy.


Objective To observe the clinical efficacy and safety in the treatment of adenoidal hypertrophy by adenoid adenoidectomy.Methods Selected 110 cases of children with adenoidal hypertrophy as research subjects in our hospital from March 2009 to August 2012,they were randomly divided into treatment group(58 cases) treated with intranasal adenoidectomy under endoscope therapy and control group given conservative treatment(52 cases) according to the random number table,the clinical efficacy and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.Results After treatment,the total effective rate in treatment group was significantly higher than that in control group(x 2 =11.053,P 0.01).The recurrence was compared between the two groups during six months of follow-up,1 case relapsed in treatment group,the recurrence rate was 1.7%;5 cases of recurrence in control group,the recurrence rate was 8.6%,the recurrence rate in treatment group was significantly higher than that in control group(x 2 =5.274,P 0.05).2 cases of nasal bleeding in treatment group after operation,given 0.5% nasal ephedrine or 0.05% hydrochloric acid hydroxyl methyl thiazole moiety to stop bleeding after nasal drops;4 cases of nasal dryness in control group without other adverse reactions.Conclusion Endoscopic adenoidectomy in the treatment of children with adenoidal hypertrophy is safe and effective,should be widely applied.


Increasing evidence suggests that microbial species have a strong within species genetic heterogeneity. This can be problematic for the analysis of prokaryote genomes, which commonly relies on a reference genome to guide the assembly process. Any difference between reference and sample genomes can introduce errors in the detection of small insertions, deletions, structural variations and even point mutations. This phenomenon jeopardises the genomic surveillance of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, with predictions of resistance varying between laboratories. Here we present Hound, an analysis pipeline that integrates publicly available tools to locally assemble prokaryote genomes de novo, detect genes by similarity using the proteins they encode as query, and report the mutations found. Three features are exclusive to Hound: it reports relative gene copy number, retrieves sequences upstream the start codon to detect mutations in promoter regions—which allow gene expression signals to be integrated—and, importantly, can merge contigs based on a user-given query sequence to reconstruct genes that are fragmented by the assembler. To demonstrate Hound, we screened through 5,032 bacterial whole-genome sequences isolated from farmed animals and human infections, using the amino acid sequence encoded by blaTEM-1, to predict resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanate which is driven by over-expression of this gene. We believe this tool can facilitate the analysis of prokaryote species that currently lack a reference genome, and can be scaled up to build automated systems for antibiotic susceptibility prediction.


In 2012, an Italian Named Patient Program began for hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐infected liver transplant (LT) recipients with advanced fibrosis, before approval of direct antiviral agents (DAA), to benefit severely ill patients. The aim of this "real‐life" study was to assess treatment efficacy and safety with an extended course of daclatasvir (DCV) plus sofosbuvir (SOF) with or without ribavirin (RBV).


Scholarship on local governance in China in general and on the Chinese policy process in particular has expanded remarkably over the last four decades. Where earlier studies were mostly interested in grasping the dynamics of central-local relations, more specific features like performance evaluation systems or policy implementation processes have come under scholarly scrutiny over the course of time. New theoretical concepts have been introduced to explain phenomena pertaining to local governance, and this research has become ever more specialized. In this state-of-the art review, we trace the trajectories of research on the Chinese policy process in the reform era in two distinct periods before and after the inauguration of current CCP General Secretary Xi Jinping. By drawing on prominent theoretical and conceptual approaches to understanding and assessing the Chinese policy process in these two periods, we highlight the changes and continuities in local policymaking under Xi's "top-level design." Although most recent studies indicate increasing top-down centralization in the local Chinese state, it seems that the basic institutional prerequisites of the policy process have hardly been altered. Therefore, most of the older conceptual characterizations of local policymaking still very much hold water. Still, we do conclude by pointing to some so far understudied aspects of local policymaking in China.


For a delicate micromanipulation, subjects need to perform tasks while effectively minimizing their hand tremor. Recently, there is growing interest in creating virtual reality (VR) microsurgery systems to enable enhanced visual feedback for precise manipulation tasks as well as a training environment. For an accurate micro-location, it is needed the use of various sensors (sensor fusion) which encompasses different ways of combining data through algorithms in order to refine information quality or derive more information about it. To enable precise location tracking of surgical tools (e.g., forceps), we propose a VR microsurgical environment featuring a sensor fusion algorithm for location tracking system with an additional inertial measurement unit (IMU). The system reconstructs an image of surgical instruments (i.e., forceps) and 2D figures with a zoomed view of them, to help surgeons have a more precise sense in visual feedback. We hypothesize that merging two different sensors and matching them in a Kalman filter algorithm, the micro-localization will be more accurately. We develop and test two ways, that is, (1) location tracking without Kalman filter, and (2) location tracking with Kalman filter activated. A performance evaluation of location tracking in terms of error has been conducted in real and virtual experiments. The result shows that the condition with sensor fusion activated achieves more precise location tracking than without Kalman filter condition.


Basically, macroeconomic policy can be divided into two broad categories, namely monetary and fiscal policies. Like many concepts in the economic literature, there is no generally accepted definition of these two terms among economists. Some economists define monetary policy as all monetary decisions, irrespective of whether their aims are monetary or non-monetary, and all non-monetary decisions and measures that aim at affecting the monetary system. On the other hand, people like Johnson (1962) defines monetary policy as ? a policy employing the Central Bank's control of the money supply as an instrument for achieving certain given objectives of economic policy ?. As regards fiscal policy, Bluchler (1974) defines it as the use of public finance or expenditure, taxes, borrowing and financial administration to further national economic objectives. But Smithies (1949) refers to fiscal policy as a policy which government uses in its expenditure and revenue programmes to produce desirable effects and avoid undesirable effects on national income, production and employment.


Introduction The purpose of pre-service teacher education programs is to provide future teachers with the necessary skills and tools to be effective educators. In addition to providing students with pedagogical methodologies, these programs should prepare students to work with various and diverse populations and give them the ability to acknowledge and address issues of social and educational inequities within their schools and classrooms (Clark & Digby, 1999). Many pre-service teacher preparation programs address some of these concerns, such as racial and ethnic issues (Wardle, 2000), linguistic diversity and economic status (Commins & Miramontes, 2006), but few have confronted issues dealing with sexual minorities (Mathison, 1998). The purpose of this study was to conduct an exploratory assessment of pre-service educators' attitudes toward gay men and lesbians. As there are no studies examining teacher candidates' attitudes towards gay men and lesbians, this project fills a gap in the literature. By examining the attitudes of teacher candidates on sexuality issues, teacher preparation programs can better address such issues and thus positively influence future teacher-student interactions. Studies have shown that lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) youth are more susceptible to certain health risks, such as victimization (Bontempo & D'Augelli, 2002; DuRant, Krowchuk, & Senal, 1998) and mental health problems (Hershberger & D'Augelli, 1995), and more likely to engage in health risk behaviors, such as substance abuse and sexual risk-taking (Bontempo & D'Augelli, 2002; DuRant, et al., 1998; Garofalo, Wolf, Kessel, Palfrey, & DuRant, 1998; Hershberger & D'Augelli, 1995; Rosario, Hunter, & Gwadz, 1997; Rotherum-Borus, Rosario, Van Rossem, Reid, & Gillis, 1995). Regarding LGB youth, one of the most severe health concerns is the possibility of suicide attempts and suicide completions. Some studies and reviews of previous research have concluded that this population is at greater risk for suicide than their heterosexual peers (Halpert, 2002; Kulkin, Chauvin, & Percle, 2000; McDaniel, Purcell, & D'Augelli, 2001); however, the degree to which LGB youth are at risk or whether they are at a greater risk compared to others is currently being debated as other studies suggest that only a minority of LGB youth are at-risk for suicide (Savin-Williams & Ream, 2003). Whether LGB youth are at greater risk for suicide or not, understanding and decreasing health risks of youth is critical. For LGB youth, their sexual orientation itself does not put them at greater risk for these health-related concerns, but the environmental responses to their sexual orientation at home, at school, and in their neighborhoods are the factors that actually increase their risk (Bontempo, & D'Augelli, 2002; Garofalo, et al., 1998; Remafedi, French, Story, Resnick, & Blum, 1998; Savin-Williams & Ream, 2003). For example, LGB youth may experience discrimination and possibly violence from teachers, peers, and others in their communities based on perceptions of their sexual orientation or if they were to reveal their sexual orientation to others; less directly, they may hear disparaging and negative comments made about LGB individuals that could result in depression and negative risk-taking behaviors. While all environments have an impact, understanding the school environment where students spend eight or more hours a day and interact most frequently with their peers is critical. In their recent publication on school climate, the Gay, Lesbian, Straight, Education Network (GLSEN) (Kosciw & Diaz, 2006) noted that 64% of sexual minority youth report feeling unsafe at their school. Likewise, sexual minority students were five times more likely to skip school in the last month because of safety concerns than the general student population. This lack of safety is related to direct experiences. …


The invention discloses an expert system and a method which are applied to the blast furnace-converter sector production scheduling process control of steel enterprises. The expert system comprises a knowledge base, a control rule set, an inference engine and an information processing part, the operation experience of workers is integrated to carry out reasoning discrimination and make necessary decision to realize reasonable scheduling on the basis of a queuing theory method and a system and simulation theory. A computer is controlled by a programmable logic controller suitable for process control to reasonably design a batch-arrival closed type repairable queuing network system which is composed of stations in a blast furnace-converter sector and has multiple service counters in parallel-series connection. The control system has simpleness and strong adaptability, can directly influence productivity of related equipment and running cost of the system, can satisfy actual production requirement, can save capital and can be widely applied to blast furnace-converter sector production scheduling system control of large-scale integrated iron and steel works.


Supporting learning in online communities is an important direction for the future of human–computer interaction as people increasingly leverage social technologies to support professional growth and development. However, few have studied how people leverage the socio-technical affordances of online informal workplace communities to develop professional skills in the absence of dedicated expert guidance. We draw from theories of apprenticeship to introduce an emergent theory of distributed apprenticeship, which outlines how community expectations of transparency and mutual support allow for instruction to be directed by a distributed network of nonexperts. We develop distributed apprenticeship through a qualitative study of crowdfunding entrepreneurs, where novices leverage social interactions with community members to develop a wide range of entrepreneurial skills. We then generalize distributed apprenticeship to other workplace contexts and provide design implications for online communities where people develop professional skills with minimal dedicated formal guidance.


perficial part of the earth, provides foods and sustenance for the survival, reason why its protection has a vital importance. In this work a ground contaminated by hydrocarbons from the Storage and Movement Products area (MAP), of the Refinery "Hermanos Diaz" is characterized and evaluates the treatability of these in microcosm with and without fertilization of the soil with nutrients. The obtained results demonstrated a very high contamination by hydrocarbons, with a value of 11,6 %. The respirometric activity of the ground had a different behavior in the treatments, being greater in the fertilization with nutrients. During the tests of treatability in microcosm for this treatment the higher percentage of biodegradation 46.3 % was also obtained, being reached the microbial stability in the second week of treatment.


A novel design method for GHz CMOS low noise amplifiers (LNA) is presented. The cascode LNA is considered as a two-stage amplifier. Considering the high isolation property of the common-gate stage, the two stages can be designed separately. This makes the design easy and straightforward. An off-chip inductor is used as the inter-stage matching component, which increases the overall gain and decreases the noise figure. Using this method, a 2.4 GHz LNA is designed and simulation results are shown.


Due to increasing use of Internet, large amount of data is stored in large databases which are data warehouses. Mainly in data warehouses confidential data of business or financial related is stored. So problem of maintaining security is a major concern. A broad survey is carried out in this paper which shows all the security techniques used till now. The data warehouse security is to achieve the entire system consistently from sources and their Export tables, to ware house stored tables and views defined over the warehouse. Certain problems may arise in data warehouse like data inconsistency, confidentiality, and slow throughput. So to overcome those problems we have discussed various data security techniques. An integrated data is provided from heterogeneous environment to analysts where they can have greater access to huge amount of data. Because of wide availability of massive amount of data, and to deliver a way to assimilate meaningful data from multiple sources, data warehouse has become a requisite for every organization.


The types and areas of coastal wetlands in Liaoning province were determined according to the growth characteristics of coastl wetlands based on the interpretation data of the autumnal phase's Landsat ETM portrait of the coastal zone in 2005.The total economic value of ecosystem services in Liaoning province coastal wetlands was estimated with related statistical data and by employing 8 economic parameters which are included in the resource supply,the environment mediation and humanities society according to the theory and research methods of ecological economics.The results showed that the total area of the coastal wetlands in Liaoning province was 15 208.06 km2,the percentages of natural wetlands and artificial wetlands were 71.49% and 28.51% respectively.In the natural wetland,the shallow waters area is the biggest,accounted for 81.53% of the whole wetland,the beaches and coastal lake's areas are much smaller,accounted for 2.77% and 2.19% respectively,the freshwater lake's area is very small,only accounted for 0.32%.In the artificial wetland,rice field's area is the biggest,accounted for 69.66%,followed by the salt field and the sea water breeding farm,accounted for 23.42%,the reservoir and pond's area accounted for 6.93%.Judged from the wetland's spatial distribution in Liaoning province,there are much more wetland in the cities of Dalian and Panjin than other cities,accounted for 35.29% and 29.45% respectively of the whole Liaoning province,while in Dandong,Yingkou,Jinzhou and Huludao,there are almost the same area of wetland in these 4 cities,the percentages changed between 8.05%~9.77%.The total value of wetland ecosystem services was 443.47×108 CNY which was equivalent to 5.54% of the GDP of Liaoning province in 2005.The resources supply function of the coastal wetland possessed the greatest value of 195.86×108 CNY which accounted for 44.17% of the total value of wetland ecosystem services.The environment mediation and the humanities society services in the share of the total value were 31.79% and 24.04%,respectively.It indicated that the coastal wetland could not only produce direct economic benefits,but also make great ecological and social benefits.So,the coastal wetland has been playing a great role in maintaining the environment support and sustainable development ability in the coastal zone of Liaoning province,it will also ensure the coastal zone economical construction and the national development strategy implementation.


The growing up of phytoplankton is one the most important factors that influence the "biological pump", controlling partly the carbon cycle in the ocean. The CO2 captured by phytoplankton in shallow waters is transported to deeper layers in the ocean. This only happens when microplankton or nanoplankton is formed due to their bigger size contributes their sinking to deeper layers. In the case of picoplankton the carbon is recycled in the same zone where is produced. The type of phytoplankton predominant can vary according to hydrographical and chemical properties present. This study is focused on the southwestern Atlantic region, over the Argentinian continental shelf (between 36o and 50oS) where the Malvinas and Brazil currents meet. It gives a confluence zone very rich in nutrients with shallow and euphotic waters. These properties promote the proliferation of phytoplanktonic blooms, giving areas with high biomass concentration. The type and concentration of phytoplankton has been determined and classified according to their size. Those were sorted in three groups: microplankton, nanoplankton and picoplankton. For this classification they were analysed the kind and concentration of the pigments presents in the studied zone, applying high pressure liquid chromatography with UV detection (HPLC-UV). These results have been related with marine biogeochemical factors presents in studied zone.


ABSTRACT A significant operational problem impacting upon the SpaceShuttle program involves the astronaut's ability to safely egressfrom the Orbiter during an emergency situation. Following spaceflight, astronauts display significant movement problems. Onevariable which may contribute to increased movement ataxia isdeuterium (D^O), an isotope of hydrogen/ Deuterium is present inlow levels within the Orbiter's water supply but may accumulate tosignificant physiological levels during lengthy missions. Deuteriumhas-been linked to a number of negative physiological responses,including motion sickness, decreased metabolism and slowing ofneural conduction velocity. The purpose of-the present study was toinvestigate the effects of D 2 0 on static postural control in responseto a range of dosage levels?\ Nine subjects were divided into threegroups of three subjects each. The groups were divided in to a low,(50 g/70 Kg body water), medium (100 g/70 Kg body water), and ahigh (200 g/70 Kg body water) D


The MACS experiment performed at PSI in the 1990s provided an yet
unchallenged upper bound on the probability for a spontaneous conversion
of the muonium atom, { M=}({\mu^+e^-})M=(μ+e−),
into its antiatom, antimuonium {\overline{{M}} = }({\mu^-e^+})M¯=(μ−e+).
It comprises the culmination of a series of measurements at various
accelerator laboratories worldwide. The experimental limits on the
process have provided input and steering for the further development of
a variety of theoretical models beyond the standard theory, in
particular for models which address lepton number violating processes
and matter-antimatter oscillations. Several models beyond the standard
theory could be strongly disfavored. There is interest in a new
measurement and improved sensitivity could be reached by exploiting the
time evolution of the conversion process, e.g., at intense pulsed
muonium sources.


A life-like human arm decorated with lace sleeves, holding an eyelid on a string, fragments of skin swivelling in a phial with a twig, a shiny silvery liver, a dog with a cleft palate, a human ear with a tiny pox mark, foetuses decorated with colourful beads. At first sight, it seems an odd collection of specimens. Yet they are all part of the eighteenth century Leiden anatomical collections, made by Leiden anatomists and their acquaintances and acquired by Leiden University afterwards.
A lot has been written about the anatomists and their discoveries, but very little is known about these preparations. That is odd, as it are the preparations themselves that evoke so many questions: why these body parts, plants, animals? Why these decorations and combinations? Why did their makers conceive them? Why were they acquired by the university? It is also worrying that we know so little about these preparations, as they are steadily deteriorating - no matter how great the curatorial efforts made.
This Ph.D. thesis uses the materiality of the anatomical preparations as the starting point to answer the questions they evoke, combining material and contextual analysis. The author argues that aesthesis, an epistemic culture that included a tacit quest for beauty and perfection rooted in sensory experience and intertwined with the rise of the new field of aesthetics, was defining for the way the eighteenth-century Leiden anatomists made and used their preparations. The knowledge embedded in the materiality of these historical objects is essential for making informed decisions about their preservation and display, now and in the future.


We present a modified version of Young's interferometer to verify experimentally the four interference laws propounded by Fresnel and Arago. Theoretical analysis is given using the complex algebra and the matrix representation for polarizers, rotators and the electromagnetic field. The advantage of the modified interferometer over other spatial coherence-based interferometers is that it provides ease of use in performing experiments and may assist the understanding of physics in undergraduate laboratories.


The improvements on the experimental teaching of electron diffration include introducing electron diffration experiments,adjusting the teaching methods in teaching experimental principles and experimental designs,connecting the course with relevant courses,developing the design of experimental from and the processing of data.The goal is to let the course be more constructive in nurturing students innovative ability.After the practice of several sessions of students,the course has yielded good results in improving the initiative and innovative ability of the students.


A hand lens (20) having a number of different configurations, with each of the configurations assisting blind or visually impaired to view objects users, the magnifier (20) comprising: a housing (22) having a front face (26), a rear face (28) and a peripheral edge (32) therebetween; a camera (34); a screen (38) located within the front face (26) of the housing (22), the screen (38) selectively displayed by the camera (34) objects; a handle (24) pivotally connected to the housing (22), the handle (24) having a front face (58), a rear face (62) and a peripheral edge (64) therebetween; having magnifying glass (20) a first orientation in which the housing (22) and the handle (24) are in alignment, so that the handle (24) can be gripped by the user to position the camera (34) a distance of the object being viewed, having magnifying glass (20) a second orientation in which the handle (24) and the housing (22) are connected angularly, with the handle (24) supporting the lens (20) on a surface, so that the user can use both hands to place objects in front of the camera (34), the magnifier (20) a third orientation in which the rear faces (28, 64) of the housing (22) and the handle (24) join, so that the handle (24) may be located on the top of the object being displayed; characterized in that: the camera (34) is located within the housing (22); a hole camera (36) formed within the rear face (28) of the housing (22) and in alignment with the camera (34); a light source (52) located adjacent the opening of the camera (36); a hole (66) formed within the rear face (62) of the handle (24) and positioned to be placed in perfect alignment with the hole camera (36) when in the third direction; an opening (72) formed in the front face (58) of the handle (24) and a light guide (68) in the handle (24) for directing light from the light source (52) into a chamber light (78) formed enter the handle (24) and communicating with the bore (66), the opening (72) and the light guide (68), wherein the light chamber (78) includes a surface angle (82) which is located immediately below the light guide (68) when in the third direction, whereby the third direction allows the user to view an object on the screen (38), with the object image being captured by the camera (34) through the opening of the camera (36) and the hole of the handle (66) and the opening (72), and whereby light from the light source (52) is directed into the light guide (68) within the light chamber (78) and out through the opening (72) for illuminating the object thus is simp or displayed.


"The paper analyses the normative and empirical capacity of elections to function as a peace mechanism in the early stages of the recovery period. Accordingly, the analysis is based on a theoretical framework that draws attention to the timing of elections in post-conflict societies. Moreover, in order to operationalize such theoretical aspects, the paper focuses on two relevant case studies: the 1997 elections in Liberia (perceived as post-conflict) and the 2020-2021 elections in The Central African Republic (early peace process – not void of conflict). Accordingly, the paper poses the following research questions: How was the prospect of organizing these rounds of election received by the parties involved in the conflict? How did these rounds of election relate to the peace process? Do elections represent an adequate mechanism to achieve positive peace in post-conflict societies? Keywords: elections, peace studies, post-conflict development, peace building, systemic violence."


This essay is, in the vernacular of the academy, a "think-piece." I have, consequently, eschewed the standard academic conventions of lengthy footnotes and a substantial bibliography. I hope that readers will forgive this unconventional decision. I am currently working on a book-length manuscript on this theme. This work emerged out of lengthy discussions, over many Northern days and evenings, with a large number of Northern /remote regions specialists. While I do not hold them responsible for the conclusions and ideas presented herein, I would like the acknowledge my personal debt to the following individuals: Greg Poelzer, Tom Morehouse, Lee Husky, Claus Naske, Terrance Cole, Steven Haycox, Bill Morrison, Doug Nord, Geoffrey Weller, Lyn Riddett, Gurston Dacks, Bill Waiser, Jim Miller, Eric Sager, Ian McPherson, Aron Senkpiel, Shelagh Grant, Peter Jull, and John Taylor.


Many people accross the UK are affected by eating disorders. Recent data shows that children account for more than one in three hospital stays for eating disorders. School nurses can play an important role in early diagnosis and prevention.


Report presenting an investigation of a semispan model of a possible vertical-take-off-and-landing jet bomber configuration at a range of Mach numbers. The primary objective was to determine to the effects of jet interference, horizontal-tail location, and canard controls on the longitudinal stability characteristics of the model.


The analysis of possible approaches to development of strategy of development of the versatile company is lead. It is shown, that the basic maintenance of strategy is diversification . Vision of its strategy is reflected In an example of the enterprise of the high technology mechanical engineering in a direction of increase of efficiency of not profile kinds of activity. Deterrents of each direction are revealed and tools of the decision of these problems in a format of regional industrial policy are designated.


Background. Burnout during registrar training is high, especially in resource-limited settings where stressors are intensified. Burnout leads to decreased quality of life for doctors, poor job and patient satisfaction, and difficulty retaining doctors. Objectives. Primary: to measure burnout among registrars working at Princess Marina Hospital in Gaborone, Botswana. Secondary: to determine factors contributing to burnout and identify potential wellness interventions. Methods. The validated Maslach Burnout Inventory was used to measure the degree of emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation and personal accomplishment. Work-related difficulties and potential wellness interventions were explored through multiple-choice and open-ended questions. Results. Of 40 eligible registrars, 20 (50%) completed the survey. High levels of burnout were reported for emotional exhaustion in 65% (13/20), depersonalisation in 45% (9/20), and personal accomplishment in 35% (7/20) of registrars. A high degree of burnout was reported by 75% (15/20) of registrars in one or more domains. In the previous 7 days, registrars worked an average of 77 hours, took 1.5 overnight calls, slept 5.7 hours per night, and 53% (10/19) had ≥1 of their patients die. Five (25%) registrars considered leaving Botswana to work in another country, which correlated with those with the highest degree of burnout. The most common frustrations included insufficient salary and limited medical resources. Suggested interventions included improved mentorship and wellness lectures. Conclusions. There is a high degree of burnout, especially emotional exhaustion, among registrars. Encouragingly, most registrars have a desire to work in Botswana after training. Future research on improving registrar wellness in low-resource settings is urgently needed.


Background : Uterine artery embolization (UAE), as an interventional procedure, was considered a conservative treatment for symptomatic uterus fibroids or adenomyosis, especially for preserving uterus. Case Report : Here we present a case of spontaneous uterine rupture at posterior wall during 24 th week of gestation after uterine artery embolization six years ago in the treatment of adenomyosis. The patient in this case had ruptured posterior wall of uterus during her pregnancy just on the site of adenomyosis lesion. Conclusion : A high index of suspicion for uterine rupture is required following UAE in patients presenting with abdominal pain.


Any real-valued random variable induces a probability distribution on the real line which can be described by a cumulative distribution function. When the vertical gaps that may occur in the graph of that function are filled in, one gets a maximal monotone relation which describes the random variable by its characteristic curve. Maximal monotone relations in the plane are known in convex analysis to correspond to the subdifferentials of the closed proper convex functions on the real line. Here that connection is developed in terms of what those convex functions and their conjugates say about the random variables, and how that information serves in applications to stochastic optimization.


There seems to be apparent silence on the discussion of the influence of religion on human and national development due to the intolerance and divisiveness amongst the various religious groupings in Ghana. Contemporary discourse on the right to education and freedom of education finds it confusing whether harmony exists between the two or if one infringes on the other. Ghanaian educational environments suggest that the existence of academic and religious freedom is not present in the actual educational settings. School syllabi, rules, regulations, and pedagogical approaches pose considerable challenges to the quest for freedom of education and religion. Through documentary analysis and the concepts of freedom of education and the right to education, this research examined the challenges and opportunities of religious education in the Ghanaian educational environment. The research suggested that relevant and critical pedagogical approaches should be used to teach religious education to allow religious tolerance and coexistence amongst the various religious bodies within schools and communities.


Abstract Background Rapid improvement of scanner and postprocessing technology as well as the introduction of minimally invasive procedures requiring preoperative imaging have led to the broad utilization of cardiac computed tomography (CT) beyond coronary CT angiography (CTA). Method This review article presents an overview of recent literature on cardiac CT. The goal is to summarize the current guidelines on performing cardiac CT and to list established as well as emerging techniques with a special focus on extracoronary applications. Results and Conclusion Most recent guidelines for the appropriate use of cardiac CT include the evaluation of coronary artery disease, cardiac morphology, intra- and extracardiac structures, and functional and structural assessment of the myocardium under certain conditions. Besides coronary CTA, novel applications such as the calculation of a CT-derived fractional flow reserve (CT-FFR), assessment of myocardial function and perfusion imaging, as well as pre-interventional planning in valvular heart disease or prior pulmonary vein ablation in atrial fibrillation are becoming increasingly important. Especially these extracoronary applications are of growing interest in the field of cardiac CT and are expected to be gradually implemented in the daily clinical routine. Key Points:  Coronary artery imaging remains the main indication for cardiac CT Novel computational fluid dynamics allow the calculation of a CT-derived fractional flow reserve in patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease Cardiac CT delivers information on left ventricular volume as well as myocardial function and perfusion CT is the cardinal element for pre-interventional planning in transcatheter valve implantation and pulmonary vein isolation Citation Format Taron J, Foldyna B, Eslami P et al. Cardiac Computed Tomography – More Than Coronary Arteries? A Clinical Update. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2019; 191: 817 – 826


Introduction : myiasis is the invasion and destruction of tissues or organs of animals (including man) by flies larvae; its symptoms and signs may be of little interest or include more violent disorder, even death. Although it is a disease universaly distributed, is more common in tropical and subtropical areas of America, Asia and Africa; poor personal and environmental hygiene is an important risk factor. Objective : to report a case of cutaneous myiasis, which can serve as reference material for health personnel who work both in Cuba and in other countries for recognition and appropriate management of the entity. Case report : a female patient, with black skin and 25 years old, resident in Manica province, who attended consultation due to intense itching in the back and small raised lesions, umbilicated in the center, which increased in size gradually and they spread to the upper extremities and face. On physical examination several papules with serohematic liquid were observed; a papule was split in a cross-shaped way and a mobile larva, whitish, of 2-3 mm was extracted. The diagnosis was cutaneous myiasis; this was the first reported case in the province. Conclusions: larvae infestation has autonomous invasiveness, so does not require the existence of previous injury or wound. Mechanical extraction of larvae by cruciform incision is recommended. Early detection and treatment of this disease avoid physical, aesthetic and psychological complications in patients.